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In April 2007, two NASA Kennedy Space Center employees were inducted into the Space Technology Hall of
Fame for their award-winning work in developing a substance for cleaning up water and soils contaminated by
chlorinated solvents.
The inductees, Dr. Jacqueline Quinn, a NASA environmental engineer, and Kathleen Brooks, a NASA analytical
chemist, invented an emulsion called "emulsified zero-valent iron," or EZVI, to eliminate ground pollutants.
For many years chlorinated solvents have been used to clean rocket engine parts and other equipment by the
Department of Energy, Department of Defense, NASA and private industry facilities around the country.
At the time, the solvents, called "dense non-aqueous phase liquids," or DNAPLs for short,
were considered safe.
When the solvents were disposed of, because they are heavier than water, they sank into the ground.
Later it was discovered the solvents could become harmful, especially to the aquifer, which is often a source
of drinking water.
DNAPLs in groundwater were difficult to remove and the process was cumbersome and costly.
Turning to nanotechnology for an answer, Quinn and Brooks teamed with researchers at the University of
Central Florida to conduct the first phase of research and development of EZVI.
The team developed a thick substance containing a mixture of iron particles, water and vegetable oil.
The oil worked like a magnet, helping to attract contaminants, while the nanoparticles broke down the DNAPL
into harmless components that could be consumed by microbes in the soil.
Any vegetable oil left in the groundwater would be absorbed by naturally occurring bacteria in the
surrounding soil.
Depending on the size of the contaminated site, it might take just a few weeks before the groundwater is
completely clean.
But EZVI is one of only a few methods available to treat the DNAPLs at their source, and, the product is safe
for the environment.
The EZVI team was granted yet another patent, for use on metal contamination, making their innovative
technology even more globally applicable.
The hall of fame honors those who transform technology originally developed to support space exploration
initiatives into products that help improve the quality of life on Earth.
Anyone interested in more information should contact NASA Kennedy Space Center's Innovative
Partnerships Program Office at (321) 867-5033.