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Hi,

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I'm Jasmine Moghbeli and today

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we're going to talk about

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cell organelles.

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Did you know that here

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on the International Space Station,

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we investigate the inner

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workings of thousands of cells.

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Let's go!

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The different parts of cells

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can be compared

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to the many parts of the space station.

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But before we do that,

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we need to know what cells are.

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Cells are the basic building blocks

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for life as we know it.

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Living organisms

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can be made up of a single cell

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or millions of cells working together.

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Cells of complex

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organisms have inner parts

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called organelles.

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Just like each

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element of the space

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station has a specific function

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to keep operations running smoothly up

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here, organelles

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have specific jobs to do for their cell.

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The Tranquility node

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could be considered our nucleus

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here on the space station

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because it contains the life support

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and environmental controls

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needed to make the excess habitable.

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Likewise,

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the nucleus of the cell contains

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the genetic material

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and control center for a cell's processes

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and functions.

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The space

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station is surrounded

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by an exterior barrier

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that keeps the inside of the space

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station safe

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from the external hazards

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like extreme temperatures,

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UV rays and micrometeorites.

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Docking stations allow vehicles to visit

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the space station

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with a resupply of essentials

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like food and supplies sent from Earth.

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Similarly, the cell membrane

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has channels and pores

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built from protein molecules

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to allow certain substances

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to enter or leave the cell.

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The solar arrays on the space

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station can be adjusted

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by our mission control team

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to maximize the amount of sunlight

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they receive.

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Like the chloroplasts of plant cells,

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the solar arrays convert

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sunlight into usable forms of energy.

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When the space station is in sunlight,

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the electricity generated by

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the arrays

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is used to charge

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the station's batteries.

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The batteries power the station

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just like the mitochondria

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powers the cell.

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The atmosphere in the

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space station

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can be compared to the cell's cytoplasm,

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which is the fluid

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that fills the cell,

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contains organelles and cytoskeleton

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and allows

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intracellular movement of organelles.

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The atmosphere on the space station

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allows for the movement

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of astronauts,

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supplies and equipment on station.

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Trusses on the space station provide

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support and stability

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for the various modules.

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Much like the cell's

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cytoskeleton provides

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support within the cell

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and is made of interlinking

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protein filaments.

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The Zarya module or functional

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cargo block,

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was the first module

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of the space station to be launched,

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but it's mostly used for storage now.

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Similarly.

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Cells use specialized compartments

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called vacuoles

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that are storage spaces

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for cellular material, waste and water.

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Here on station,

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we use cargo transfer bags,

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also known as CTBs

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to conveniently store equipment,

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hardware and tools.

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CTBs allow all these loose items

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to be transported from module

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to module efficiently as needed.

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Similarly, the Golgi apparatus

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processes and packages

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proteins in a cell.

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The recycling system on the space station

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breaks down

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waste and enables

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reuse of critical resources,

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including water and oxygen.

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These resources can be difficult

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to transport to station.

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Likewise, lysosomes in a cell,

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break down and recycle waste

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and pathogens

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for use

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in the making of new cellular parts.

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The space station is a unique laboratory

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that makes it possible to study cells

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without constraints of gravity.

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The bio serve microscope

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was specifically modified

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for use on the space station.

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It allows astronauts to capture

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digital high definition

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microscopy, images

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and videos of experiments.

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These images are then sent back to Earth

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for analysis by scientists.

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Thanks for learning

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about the parts of the cell

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and the space station for me today.

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The results from research on cells

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conducted here on the station

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will help us better understand

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the human body

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and solve biomedical problems

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that occur both on Earth and in space.

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Think about the many

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roles your cells play to keep you alive

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and well.

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Learn more about cells

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in the classroom connection

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that accompanies this video

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at nasa.gov/stemonstrations.

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See you next time!