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[ music ]

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>> Hello.

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My name is Tom Marshburn.

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>> And I'm Matthias Maurer.

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>> And we're astronauts

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living and working aboard

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the International Space Station,

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orbiting 250 miles

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above the Earth's surface.

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>> In the not-so-distant future,

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we'll be sending astronauts

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on missions that go

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deeper in space

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than we ever have before.

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To do that,

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we'll need to design

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transportation systems

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and habitats able

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to meet our needs.

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Engineers are designing,

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building, and testing

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these systems right now.

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>> You may be wondering,

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"How do they achieve this,

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"and what steps do they take?"

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The engineers use what's called

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the Engineering Design Process.

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This process involves

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a series of steps to guide them

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in developing a solution.

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Each piece of technology

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on the space station

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and in your home or classroom

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involves engineering.

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But what exactly

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do engineers do?

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Well, they use science, math,

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and their own ingenuity

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to create solutions

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to technical problems.

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Examples of technical problems

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could be developing

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more efficient light bulbs

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or vehicles,

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lighter sneakers or aircraft,

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an orbiting space station

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and transporting humans to Mars.

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>> Yeah, Mars is great.

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>> Here's one example

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of what the process looks like.

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>> Step one,

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identify the problem.

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Step two, identify

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resources and constraints.

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Step three, research.

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Step four, develop solutions.

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Step 5, select

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the best solution.

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Step six, build the solution.

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Step seven, test

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and evaluate the solution.

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Step eight, record

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and present the results.

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And step nine,

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improve the solution.

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>> Take a look at the space

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that we are currently

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living and working in.

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This space is filled with things

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that have been engineered

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using the engineering

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design process.

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Some of these items

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are low-tech, like packaging,

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storage compartments,

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and fasteners.

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And some of these items

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are high-tech,

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like computers, cameras,

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and science experiments.

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>> A great example of

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an engineering solution to a--

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something you might be

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surprised is a problem,

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in microgravity,

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how do we drink fluids?

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How do we keep 'em contained,

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and how do we get 'em

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in our mouth without

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makin' a mess everywhere?

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Here's our-our standard

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drinking pouch.

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I've got some grape drink

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in here, and our

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very nicely designed straw.

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It's just perfect

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for living in space.

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If we didn't have this straw--

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Start to see

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some fluid comin' out there.

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I don't want to make

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too big of a mess,

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so I'm only going to demonstrate

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what would happen for a second

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if we didn't have

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our straw here.

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And this would come right off.

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And it's gettin' on me

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right now,

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so let me drink this up.

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But as you can see

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we have a clasp here,

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very nicely designed,

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that pinches the straw

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at this point here,

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and that keeps more fluid

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from coming up the straw,

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and that way,

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if you want to drink something,

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you just open it up

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when you need to drink.

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You have to remember

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to close it again when you--

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before you pull it

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out of your mouth.

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Otherwise, you're gonna get

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more fluid comin' out.

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>> Hey! Hey, Tom.

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You're floating.

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I think that's not convenient

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for working, no?

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>> That's true.

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I've got a little bit

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of a problem in that

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if I do any work with my hands,

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I'm gonna be pushed away

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from where I'm working.

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And if I have to find

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a place to put my feet,

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which I really wanna do

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in order to get

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any work done,

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sometimes I can't find

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a place to put my feet.

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Still workin' on it.

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So I got a problem.

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>> Based on astronauts'

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feedback and data,

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we developed these rounded

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hand and foot rails

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so that you can stay

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in one place comfortably

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for short periods of time.

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[ applause ]

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To maximize comfort,

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we also have these socks

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that are padded with rubber

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on top and bottom.

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>> Ooh!

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[ applause ]

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>> For longer periods of time

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in one workspace,

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we engineered

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these foot restraints

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with cloth straps.

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You can slip right in

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and adjust them.

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[ applause ]

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>> Thanks for exploring

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the engineering design

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process with us.

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>> I'm going to send you

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back to Earth

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so you can solve

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your own engineering problems

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using this process.

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>> See you again soon.