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>> Hello and welcome to

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the International Space Station.

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My name is Shane Kimbrough,

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and I'm an astronaut

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living and working here

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215 miles above the Earth.

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Today we're going to be learning

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about what a simple machine is

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and exploring the different ways

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we're using simple machines

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up here in low Earth orbit.

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A simple machine is an object

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that helps us to easily

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accomplish a task

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by changing the direction

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or amount of a force.

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There are six different types

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of simple machines:

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a screw, inclined plane,

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wedge, lever, wheel and axle,

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and pulley.

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When we combine

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two or more of these

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simple machines together,

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they are called

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compound machines.

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Let's dive into the purpose

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of each of these devices

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and how we are using them

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up here on the station.

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A screw is a simple machine

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that helps to fasten

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two objects together.

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Up here we use

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a variety of screws

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in order to keep

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our station intact,

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especially as we deal with

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microgravity causing objects

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to drift around.

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Here's an example of a screw

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that we may use on a spacewalk.

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And inclined planes

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are a broad range

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of simple machines

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that use an angled plane

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to accomplish different tasks.

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Down on Earth,

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you used inclined planes

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to move things easily.

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But here in microgravity,

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we don't need inclined planes

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to help us move objects.

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If you look closely

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at a screw,

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you will see that it is made up

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of a rod with an inclined plane

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that spirals around it.

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this inclined plane

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helps the screw

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to fasten to another object.

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Another simple machine

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using inclined planes

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to accomplish something

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is a wedge.

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A wedge consists

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of two inclined planes

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combined to split

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or separate objects.

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We often use wedges

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to cut objects here on

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the International Space Station.

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The wheel and axle

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is exactly what it sounds like.

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A wheel is attached to an axle,

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helping it to rotate

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and move easily

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without friction.

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we sometimes use wheels

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to help move items that

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we need to be able to travel

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without floating away.

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An example of this would be

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the wheels on our crew equipment

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and translation aid cart.

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It is attached to a track

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using wheel and axles

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for movement.

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So we are able to use it

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on our spacewalks

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without the possibility

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of it drifting off.

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I mentioned

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compound machines before,

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and our advanced resistive

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exercise device, or ARED,

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is a great example of that.

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It combines the simple machines,

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levers and pulleys,

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to help us maintain muscle

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and bone density in micro G.

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Levers use a surface

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situated on a fulcrum,

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or pivoting point,

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to move an object.

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Pulleys are simple machines

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that use a wheel and axle

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to change the direction

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of an object.

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The pulleys inside ARED

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allow us to set the level

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of resistance for our workouts.

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Thank you for learning about

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simple machines with me today.

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Now I'm gonna send you

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back to Earth to design

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a compound machine you think

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we could use up here on

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the International Space Station.

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See you next time.

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[ music ]