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[ MUSIC ]

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>> HELLO, I'M JEANNE MESERVE

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AND WE ARE MARKING

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AN IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARY.

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TWENTY YEARS AGO,

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THREE MEN EMBARKED ON A JOURNEY;

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A JOURNEY TO THE INTERNATIONAL

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SPACE STATION WHERE THEY BECAME

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THE FIRST FULL-TIME INHABITANTS.

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WE ARE NOW MARKING

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TWO DECADES OF HABITATION,

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COOPERATION, AND INVESTIGATION.

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TODAY, WE'RE GOING TO BE

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TALKING ABOUT WHAT'S BEEN

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DONE UP THERE,

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WHAT IT HAS MEANT,

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AND WE'RE GOING TO DO THAT

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BY TALKING TO THE CREW

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OF EXPEDITION 1

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AND SOME OF THOSE

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WHO SUPPORTED THEM.

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THIS CONVERSATION IS BROUGHT TO

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YOU BY THE TEAM AT NASA

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AND BY THE SPACE FOUNDATION

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WITH THE SUPPORT OF BOEING.

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WE HAD HOPED TO DO THIS

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CONVERSATION IN PERSON

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AT THE SPACE SYMPOSIUM,

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BUT COVID.

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SO, LET ME INTRODUCE TO YOU

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OUR GUESTS TODAY

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JOINING US VIRTUALLY.

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FIRST, THE MEMBERS OF THE CREW.

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WE HAVE THE COMMANDER,

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WHO IS WITH US, BILL SHEPHERD.

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HE JOINS US FROM VIRGINIA.

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ALSO, WITH US FROM RUSSIA,

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HIS CREW MATES SERGEI KRIKALEV

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AND ALSO YURI GIDZENKO.

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ALSO JOINING US FROM TEXAS,

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A MAN WHOSE VISION

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AND MANAGEMENT AND OVERSIGHT

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WAS CRUCIAL TO THE SUCCESS

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OF THE MISSION, GEORGE ABBEY.

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HE WAS- HE IS

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THE FORMER DIRECTOR

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OF THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.

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AND ALSO JOINING US

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IS GINGER KERRICK OF NASA

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WHO IS THE RUSSIAN TRAINING

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INTEGRATION INSTRUCTOR

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FOR EXPEDITION 1.

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GREAT TO HAVE YOU ALL

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WITH US HERE TODAY.

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GEORGE ABBEY,

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I'D LOVE TO START WITH YOU

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AND GET A SENSE OF WHAT YOU

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HOPED FOR FROM THIS MISSION.

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WHAT WAS YOUR GOAL?

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WHAT DID NASA THINK

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IT WOULD GET OUT OF THIS?

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>> WELL, I THOUGHT IT WAS

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VERY IMPORTANT THAT WE PARTNER

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WITH OUR RUSSIAN COLLEAGUES.

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WE WERE WORKING

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ON A SPACE STATION

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AND HAD BEEN WORKING ON IT

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FOR SOME PERIOD OF TIME

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AND WERE NOT TOO SUCCESSFUL,

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SO, WE WENT THROUGH A REDESIGN.

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AND, UH, I THOUGHT

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IT WAS IMPORTANT TO BRING

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OUR RUSSIAN COLLEAGUES IN ON IT

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AND MAKE THEM A PART

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OF THE PROGRAM.

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AND, UH, ACTUALLY,

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THE PROGRAM STARTED

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WITH THE SHUTTLE MIR,

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WHICH WAS THE RUSSIAN

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SPACE STATION.

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AND, UH, THAT GAVE US

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AN OPPORTUNITY TO GET SOME

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EXPERIENCE ON SPACE STATIONS

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AS WE WERE NOT

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FLYING A SPACE STATION

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AND WE WERE ABLE

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TO WORK WITH THE RUSSIANS

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AND DO THAT ON THE MIR PROGRAM,

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AT THE SAME TIME

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PARTNERING WITH THEM ON

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THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

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AND IT TURNED OUT TO BE

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AN EXCELLENT PARTNERSHIP

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AND I THINK OUR SUCCESS

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WAS REALLY, IN A LARGE PART,

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DUE TO THE FACT THAT

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WE HAD THAT PARTNERSHIP.

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AND SO, AS WE WORKED THROUGH

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THE SHUTTLE-MIR PROGRAM,

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WE WERE LOOKING AHEAD

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TO THE INTERNATIONAL

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SPACE STATION AND FINALLY

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BEING ABLE TO GET THAT

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FIRST ELEMENT UP, AND THEN,

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OF COURSE, GET THE CREW UP,

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WHICH CAME ABOUT A YEAR

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AND A HALF AFTER THAT

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FIRST ELEMENT WENT UP.

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SO, I WAS LOOKING FORWARD

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TO THAT DAY AND-

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WITH GREAT EXPECTATIONS

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AND GREAT HOPE THAT

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WE WOULD FINALLY

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GET THE PROGRAM UNDERWAY

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AND GET THAT FIRST

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CREW UP THERE,

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WHICH WE DID

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AND WE ARE FORTUNATE

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TO HAVE ALL THREE CREW MEMBERS

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WITH US THIS MORNING.

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>> AND I WANTED TO ASK YOU

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ABOUT THESE THREE CREW MEMBERS.

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WHY WERE THESE THREE

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PICKED FOR EXPEDITION 1?

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>> WELL, I THINK THEY

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WERE PICKED BASED

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ON THEIR EXPERIENCE

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AND THEIR BACKGROUND.

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WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE

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THAT FIRST CREW WAS

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AN EXPERIENCED CREW

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AND IT WAS GOING TO BE

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THE FIRST TIME IN SPACE

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WITH A SPACE STATION

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AND WE WANTED SOMEONE WHO HAD

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BEEN UP THERE BEFORE

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AND ALSO COULD WORK

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IN THAT ENVIRONMENT,

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AND IF THERE WERE PROBLEMS,

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COULD DEAL WITH THEM.

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AND WE SELECTED A CREW,

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OR WE HAD HIGH CONFIDENCE

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WITH THE THREE CREWMEN

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THAT THEY WOULD BE

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ABLE TO DO THAT.

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AND THAT TURNED OUT

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TO BE CERTAINLY THE CASE

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AND WE WERE FORTUNATE

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TO HAVE ALL THREE OF THEM

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UP THERE AS WE WENT THROUGH

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THAT-THAT FIRST STEP

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ON EXPEDITION 1.

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>> UM, GINGER, YOU ENDED UP

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WORKING WITH THESE GUYS

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FOR YEARS, GETTING THEM

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READY FOR THIS MISSION.

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WOULD YOU AGREE THIS

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WAS THE RIGHT COMBINATION

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OF PERSONALITIES AND SKILLS?

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>> OH, ABSOLUTELY!

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FROM DAY ONE.

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YOU KNOW, YOU'VE GOT TO

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REMEMBER THIS IS THE FIRST TIME

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WE WERE TRAINING A CREW

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FOR THE SPACE STATION, SO,

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WE WERE BUILDING IT

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AS WE WENT ALONG.

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AND ALL THREE OF THE CREW

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MEMBERS WERE QUICK TO IDENTIFY

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GAPS IN THE SUPPORT PLAN

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THAT WE HAD PUT FORWARD,

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NOT ONLY FOR TRAINING,

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BUT FOR OPERATIONS.

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SO, THEY WERE

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THE PERFECT PEOPLE.

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IT TOOK COURAGE FOR THEM

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TO STEP OUT AND TRY TO ESTABLISH

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A NEW TRAINING PARADIGM,

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A NEW OPERATIONS PARADIGM

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AND THEY PROVED TO BE

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SUCCESSFUL ONCE THEY

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EXECUTED THEIR MISSION.

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>> UM, SERGEI, I'D LIKE TO ASK

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YOU AND SHEP BOTH,

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YOU WERE BOTH COME OUT

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OF A MILITARY BACKGROUND

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WHERE YOU WERE TRAINED

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TO VIEW ONE ANOTHER

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AS ADVERSARIES.

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HERE YOU'RE PUT IN THIS

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SITUATION WHERE YOU'RE GOING TO

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INTERACT COOPERATIVELY.

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WAS THAT A DIFFICULT TRANSITION

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OR DID THAT COME

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NATURALLY TO BOTH OF YOU?

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>> SERGEI, WHY DON'T YOU

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GO AHEAD?

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>> OKAY, UH, FIRST,

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I CAME NOT FROM

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MILITARY BACKGROUND.

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>> OH!

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>> SO, THAT'S ONE POINT.

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AND SECOND, AND MAYBE

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MOST IMPORTANT, THAT THIS

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WAS NOT THE FIRST EXPERIENCE.

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MY FIRST-FIRST SPACE FLIGHT

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WAS INTERNATIONAL MISSION

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TOGETHER WITH FRENCH,

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YOU KNOW, OF COURSE THAT.

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BUT ALSO BEFORE THAT,

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BEFORE, UH, THIS MISSION

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I WAS TRAINED AND FLEW

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TWICE ON SHUTTLE.

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FIRST-FIRST FLIGHT

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WAS ON STS-16.

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WE WERE TRAINED TOGETHER.

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[INDISCERNIBLE] WAS THE

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COMMANDER OF THIS MISSION.

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AND MY SECOND FLIGHT

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ON SHUTTLE WAS ACTUALLY

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FIRST ASSEMBLY MISSION.

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SO, FIRST STATION

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ASSEMBLY MISSION ON STS-88

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WITH BOB CABANA

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AS THE COMMANDER.

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SO, IT WAS NOT, UH,

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THE FIRST EXPERIENCE.

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AND ACTUALLY, EVEN BEFORE US,

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MANY YEARS AGO WAS VERY GOOD

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EXAMPLE OF GOOD, UM, UH,

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RELATIONS AND GOOD PARTNERSHIP,

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UH, STUFF FROM OUT

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BY [INDISCERNIBLE].

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SO, WE WERE BASED

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ON PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE

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AND, UH, WE WERE READY

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FOR GOOD COOPERATION.

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AND THAT'S WHY I THINK

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EVERYTHING WENT VERY SMOOTH,

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FROM MY POINT OF VIEW.

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NOW, SHEP, YOU DID HAVE

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A MILITARY BACKGROUND.

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I'M RIGHT THERE, AREN'T I?

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>> YEAH, ACTUALLY, UH,

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YURI AND I WERE REALLY

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THE TWO MILITARY GUYS.

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UM, JUMPING WAY AHEAD

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IN THE ANSWER,

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ONE OF MY MOST INTERESTING

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MOMENTS WITH YURI IN SPACE

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WAS LOOKING AT THE EARTH

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AND HE WAS SAYING, OKAY,

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I WAS A MIG-21 PILOT

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AND I WAS STATIONED HERE.

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AND HALF AN ORBIT LATER,

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I WOULD SAY OKAY,

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I WAS A NAVY SEAL

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AND WE WERE HERE

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AND HERE AND HERE.

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AND THAT WAS A REALLY

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INTERESTING DIALOGUE.

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BUT, UM, I THINK, UH,

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MY PERSONAL INTEREST

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IN BEING PART OF THIS CREW

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WAS TO TRY AND PUT

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THE SPACE STATION

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ON THE FOOTING OF EITHER

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THE EARLY SPACE VOYAGES,

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WHERE WE DID NOT HAVE A LOT

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OF CONTACT WITH THE GROUND.

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AND THAT SEEMS TO BE-

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SEEMED TO ME TO BE

273
00:07:36,522 --> 00:07:38,658
MUCH MORE LIKE, UH,

274
00:07:38,658 --> 00:07:40,626
BEING ON A SHIP OR A SUBMARINE

275
00:07:40,626 --> 00:07:41,794
THAN FLYING AN AIRPLANE.

276
00:07:41,794 --> 00:07:44,063
SO, NASA HAD A SHUTTLE

277
00:07:44,063 --> 00:07:45,865
PROGRAM WHICH WAS

278
00:07:45,865 --> 00:07:47,300
BASICALLY AIRPLANE FLYING.

279
00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:48,601
YOU KNOW, I THOUGHT WE WERE

280
00:07:48,601 --> 00:07:49,702
DOING SOMETHING DIFFERENT

281
00:07:49,702 --> 00:07:50,570
WITH SPACE STATION,

282
00:07:50,570 --> 00:07:52,338
THAT'S WHY I REALLY WANTED TO

283
00:07:52,338 --> 00:07:53,840
BE IN THE FIRST CREW.

284
00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:56,042
UM, I WENT TO RUSSIA,

285
00:07:56,042 --> 00:07:59,712
I HAD, UH, CERTAIN VIEWS

286
00:07:59,712 --> 00:08:01,447
ON HOW THE PARTNERS

287
00:08:01,447 --> 00:08:02,682
SHOULD INTERACT.

288
00:08:02,682 --> 00:08:04,951
UH, AND-AND FORTUNATELY,

289
00:08:04,951 --> 00:08:08,254
YURI AND SERGEI HELPED ME

290
00:08:08,254 --> 00:08:09,922
MAYBE CHANGE MY VIEWS

291
00:08:09,922 --> 00:08:11,591
QUITE A BIT ON WHAT I THOUGHT

292
00:08:11,591 --> 00:08:12,325
WAS THE RIGHT WAY

293
00:08:12,325 --> 00:08:13,292
TO DO THINGS.

294
00:08:13,292 --> 00:08:14,994
AND SO, UH,

295
00:08:14,994 --> 00:08:16,529
I WAS REALLY FORTUNATE TO HAVE

296
00:08:16,529 --> 00:08:17,897
BOTH THOSE GUYS ON THE CREW

297
00:08:17,897 --> 00:08:20,032
BECAUSE THEY TAUGHT ME A LOT.

298
00:08:20,032 --> 00:08:21,033
>> UM, YURI,

299
00:08:21,033 --> 00:08:22,501
FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE,

300
00:08:22,501 --> 00:08:23,936
WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST

301
00:08:23,936 --> 00:08:25,404
CHALLENGE HERE?

302
00:08:25,404 --> 00:08:26,806
WAS IT ONE OF LANGUAGE?

303
00:08:26,806 --> 00:08:28,341
WAS IT ONE OF CULTURE?

304
00:08:28,341 --> 00:08:29,408
WAS IT THE

305
00:08:29,408 --> 00:08:32,645
TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION?

306
00:08:32,645 --> 00:08:35,748
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN]

307
00:08:36,883 --> 00:08:40,553
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]

308
00:08:56,035 --> 00:08:58,137
>> YES, WE HAD SOME DIFFICULTIES

309
00:08:58,137 --> 00:08:59,805
AS WE JUST STARTED TRAINING

310
00:08:59,805 --> 00:09:02,441
FOR THE MISSION.

311
00:09:02,441 --> 00:09:08,281
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]

312
00:09:26,632 --> 00:09:27,366
>> WE ARE BREAKING UP

313
00:09:27,366 --> 00:09:28,434
A LITTLE BIT HERE.

314
00:09:28,434 --> 00:09:30,336
UH, BUT YURI--

315
00:09:30,336 --> 00:09:33,906
[ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]

316
00:09:35,775 --> 00:09:40,680
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]

317
00:09:49,155 --> 00:09:50,189
>> YES, UH, WE DID

318
00:09:50,189 --> 00:09:51,724
SOME DIFFICULTIES, BUT NOT

319
00:09:51,724 --> 00:09:53,960
IN INTERACTION, AS FRIENDS,

320
00:09:53,960 --> 00:09:56,095
OR AS, UH, CREW MEMBERS HERE--

321
00:09:56,095 --> 00:09:57,563
FUTURE CREW MEMBERS.

322
00:09:57,563 --> 00:09:58,698
WE HAD SOME DIFFICULTIES

323
00:09:58,698 --> 00:09:59,832
IN PREPARATION BECAUSE

324
00:09:59,832 --> 00:10:01,133
WE WERE JUST STARTING.

325
00:10:01,133 --> 00:10:03,502
AND, UH, WE DIDN'T HAVE

326
00:10:03,502 --> 00:10:05,838
ALL THE PROPER MATERIALS,

327
00:10:05,838 --> 00:10:07,239
ALL THE SIMULATORS

328
00:10:07,239 --> 00:10:09,008
WERE NOT UP TO PAR.

329
00:10:09,008 --> 00:10:10,476
WE WERE JUST STARTING OUT

330
00:10:10,476 --> 00:10:11,677
AND THAT WAS A DIFFICULTY

331
00:10:11,677 --> 00:10:12,478
IN TRAINING,

332
00:10:12,478 --> 00:10:14,747
NOT IN INTERACTION.

333
00:10:14,747 --> 00:10:19,018
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]

334
00:10:20,853 --> 00:10:21,854
>> JEANNE, IF I MIGHT-

335
00:10:21,854 --> 00:10:23,856
IF I MIGHT SUGGEST,

336
00:10:23,856 --> 00:10:25,091
WHY DON'T YOU ASK GINGER

337
00:10:25,091 --> 00:10:25,925
IF SHE CAN EXPLAIN

338
00:10:25,925 --> 00:10:27,893
WHAT BRAIN SHARING WAS?

339
00:10:27,893 --> 00:10:29,362
>> BRAIN SHARING?

340
00:10:29,362 --> 00:10:30,329
>> YEAH.

341
00:10:30,329 --> 00:10:31,397
>> WE MIGHT PULL UP PICTURES--

342
00:10:31,397 --> 00:10:32,098
>> MY APOLOGIES,

343
00:10:32,098 --> 00:10:32,732
YOU'RE JUST BREAKING UP

344
00:10:32,732 --> 00:10:33,466
A LITTLE BIT.

345
00:10:33,466 --> 00:10:34,533
I THINK OLGA IS HAVING A LITTLE

346
00:10:34,533 --> 00:10:36,235
BIT OF TROUBLE, UH,

347
00:10:36,235 --> 00:10:37,403
MAKING OUT WHAT YOU'RE SAYING.

348
00:10:37,403 --> 00:10:38,104
GINGER, DO YOU WANT

349
00:10:38,104 --> 00:10:39,305
TO HOP IN HERE?

350
00:10:39,305 --> 00:10:40,039
>> OH, SURE.

351
00:10:40,039 --> 00:10:42,174
SO, ONE-ONE OF THE THINGS

352
00:10:42,174 --> 00:10:43,009
THAT YURI WAS TALKING ABOUT

353
00:10:43,009 --> 00:10:44,443
WAS IT WAS DIFFICULT TO TRAIN

354
00:10:44,443 --> 00:10:45,044
WHEN YOU DIDN'T HAVE

355
00:10:45,044 --> 00:10:45,845
TRAINING MATERIALS,

356
00:10:45,845 --> 00:10:46,512
YOU DIDN'T HAVE ALL

357
00:10:46,512 --> 00:10:47,480
THE RIGHT SIMULATIONS.

358
00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:48,748
SO, WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME

359
00:10:48,748 --> 00:10:50,182
WITH THE HARDWARE OWNERS,

360
00:10:50,182 --> 00:10:51,584
THE HARDWARE DEVELOPERS.

361
00:10:51,584 --> 00:10:52,585
AND THERE WAS ONE PARTICULAR

362
00:10:52,585 --> 00:10:53,686
INSTANCE WHERE THIS

363
00:10:53,686 --> 00:10:57,223
BRAIN SHARING NAME CAME TO BE.

364
00:10:57,223 --> 00:10:58,791
SHEP HAD GONE

365
00:10:58,791 --> 00:10:59,825
AND MET WITH SOME--

366
00:10:59,825 --> 00:11:01,694
ONE OF THE HARDWARE DEVELOPERS

367
00:11:01,694 --> 00:11:02,995
AND WAS ASKING A SERIES

368
00:11:02,995 --> 00:11:03,963
OF QUESTIONS, YOU KNOW,

369
00:11:03,963 --> 00:11:05,564
THREE OR FOUR QUESTIONS.

370
00:11:05,564 --> 00:11:06,665
AND THEN SERGEI

371
00:11:06,665 --> 00:11:07,433
WAS A LITTLE LATE,

372
00:11:07,433 --> 00:11:09,168
SO SERGEI COMES IN AND HE LOOKS

373
00:11:09,168 --> 00:11:09,869
AT THE HARDWARE

374
00:11:09,869 --> 00:11:10,803
AND IMMEDIATELY,

375
00:11:10,803 --> 00:11:12,271
SAME THREE OR FOUR QUESTIONS.

376
00:11:12,271 --> 00:11:13,305
AND WE WERE JUST LIKE

377
00:11:13,305 --> 00:11:13,939
OH, MY GOD!

378
00:11:13,939 --> 00:11:14,940
THEY'RE SHARING A BRAIN

379
00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:18,144
NOW, THESE TWO!

380
00:11:18,144 --> 00:11:19,812
>> OH, I-I'M CURIOUS ABOUT

381
00:11:19,812 --> 00:11:21,714
THE LANGUAGE ISSUE.

382
00:11:21,714 --> 00:11:23,115
WHAT WAS THE LANGUAGE

383
00:11:23,115 --> 00:11:23,883
THAT YOU SPOKE OF?

384
00:11:23,883 --> 00:11:24,450
AND, SERGEI,

385
00:11:24,450 --> 00:11:25,918
DO YOU WANT TO WEIGH IN?

386
00:11:25,918 --> 00:11:27,586
>> I WANTED TO ADD MAYBE

387
00:11:27,586 --> 00:11:29,789
WHAT SHEP SAID.

388
00:11:29,789 --> 00:11:30,990
THE SHUTTLE WAS CLOSER

389
00:11:30,990 --> 00:11:32,625
TO AIRPLANE IN THE WAY

390
00:11:32,625 --> 00:11:33,492
OF OPERATING BECAUSE

391
00:11:33,492 --> 00:11:34,493
IT WAS MOST OF THE TIME

392
00:11:34,493 --> 00:11:36,529
IN THE [INDISCERNIBLE].

393
00:11:36,529 --> 00:11:38,197
BUT ACTUALLY, WITH US,

394
00:11:38,197 --> 00:11:39,331
UH, YURI AND I HAD

395
00:11:39,331 --> 00:11:40,366
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE

396
00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:41,467
AT FLYING ON MIR.

397
00:11:41,467 --> 00:11:45,204
AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

398
00:11:45,204 --> 00:11:48,340
AND WAY HOW WE, UH,

399
00:11:48,340 --> 00:11:50,242
OPERATE ON THE STATION

400
00:11:50,242 --> 00:11:51,343
WAS VERY SIMILAR

401
00:11:51,343 --> 00:11:52,378
TO WHAT WE EXPECTED

402
00:11:52,378 --> 00:11:54,180
TO BE ON ISS,

403
00:11:54,180 --> 00:11:56,148
ESPECIALLY FOR FIRST EXPEDITION

404
00:11:56,148 --> 00:11:57,049
WHERE WE HAVE

405
00:11:57,049 --> 00:11:58,584
VERY LIMITED COMM.

406
00:11:58,584 --> 00:12:00,886
WE HAD TO MAKE DECISIONS OURSELF

407
00:12:00,886 --> 00:12:02,354
IN CASE OF MALFUNCTION

408
00:12:02,354 --> 00:12:03,589
AND WE HAVE TO BE

409
00:12:03,589 --> 00:12:06,659
MORE OR LESS SELF-SUFFICIENT.

410
00:12:06,659 --> 00:12:09,595
SO, AS I SAID, UH,

411
00:12:09,595 --> 00:12:10,563
IT WAS VERY INTERESTING

412
00:12:10,563 --> 00:12:13,232
ALSO BECAUSE A LOT OF NEW THINGS

413
00:12:13,232 --> 00:12:15,367
HAD TO HAPPEN AROUND

414
00:12:15,367 --> 00:12:16,202
THIS FIRST MISSION.

415
00:12:16,202 --> 00:12:21,707
AND THAT'S WHY WE--

416
00:12:21,707 --> 00:12:22,508
EXACTLY WHAT SHEP SAID,

417
00:12:22,508 --> 00:12:23,809
IT'S MORE LIKE SOMEBODY

418
00:12:23,809 --> 00:12:27,913
IN A SHIP AT SEA.

419
00:12:27,913 --> 00:12:30,382
>> UM, LANGUAGE?

420
00:12:30,382 --> 00:12:32,451
I, IN TALKING TO ALL OF YOU,

421
00:12:32,451 --> 00:12:34,353
CAN SEE THAT THE--

422
00:12:34,353 --> 00:12:36,155
THAT SHEP AND GINGER SPOKE-

423
00:12:36,155 --> 00:12:37,490
BOTH SPEAK SOME RUSSIAN.

424
00:12:37,490 --> 00:12:38,824
YURI AND SERGEI,

425
00:12:38,824 --> 00:12:40,159
YOU SPEAK ENGLISH.

426
00:12:40,159 --> 00:12:41,927
WHAT WAS THE LANGUAGE, UH, UH,

427
00:12:41,927 --> 00:12:42,728
ON THE INTERNATIONAL

428
00:12:42,728 --> 00:12:43,429
SPACE STATION?

429
00:12:43,429 --> 00:12:44,563
WHAT DID YOU SPEAK?

430
00:12:44,563 --> 00:12:45,931
AND I WOULD PRESUME THAT

431
00:12:45,931 --> 00:12:47,366
IN THAT KIND OF A SITUATION,

432
00:12:47,366 --> 00:12:50,236
YOU REALLY HAVE TO BE THINKING

433
00:12:50,236 --> 00:12:51,770
IN THE RIGHT LANGUAGE,

434
00:12:51,770 --> 00:12:52,872
THAT YOU CAN'T BE GOING

435
00:12:52,872 --> 00:12:55,708
FOR THE TRANSLATION PROCESS.

436
00:12:55,708 --> 00:12:56,575
>> YEAH, I THINK WE WENT

437
00:12:56,575 --> 00:12:57,977
BACK AND FORTH QUITE A BIT,

438
00:12:57,977 --> 00:12:59,578
YURI, GO AHEAD.

439
00:12:59,578 --> 00:13:02,948
>> UH, UM,

440
00:13:02,948 --> 00:13:03,749
FROM THE BEGINNING,

441
00:13:03,749 --> 00:13:04,884
I HAD SOME CHALLENGES

442
00:13:04,884 --> 00:13:08,220
BECAUSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

443
00:13:08,220 --> 00:13:11,457
WAS DIFFICULT FOR ME.

444
00:13:11,457 --> 00:13:16,428
[ INAUDIBLE ]

445
00:13:16,428 --> 00:13:22,001
BUT THERE WERE ENGLISH CLASSES

446
00:13:22,001 --> 00:13:26,038
IN RUSSIA, IN, UH, HOUSTON.

447
00:13:26,038 --> 00:13:27,439
THEY HAD, UH,

448
00:13:27,439 --> 00:13:30,409
[ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]

449
00:13:30,409 --> 00:13:32,945
EXPLANATION-EXPLANATION

450
00:13:32,945 --> 00:13:34,780
ABOUT SOME THINGS.

451
00:13:34,780 --> 00:13:36,949
AND, UH, AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS,

452
00:13:36,949 --> 00:13:39,418
I MEAN, IN A YEAR.

453
00:13:39,418 --> 00:13:40,920
BECAUSE THAT WAS NOT VERY

454
00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:43,489
IMPORTANT FOR ME AS SPEAKER.

455
00:13:43,489 --> 00:13:46,225
[ INAUDIBLE ]

456
00:13:51,130 --> 00:13:55,000
I THINK THE SAME WAS FOR SHEP.

457
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:56,335
>> YEAH, I-I THOUGHT

458
00:13:56,335 --> 00:13:58,304
INITIALLY THAT, UH,

459
00:13:58,304 --> 00:14:00,639
BECAUSE THE UNITED STATES

460
00:14:00,639 --> 00:14:01,507
HAD AN AGREEMENT

461
00:14:01,507 --> 00:14:03,209
WITH THE OTHER PARTNERS

462
00:14:03,209 --> 00:14:04,276
WHERE WE SAID ENGLISH

463
00:14:04,276 --> 00:14:04,910
WAS GOING TO BE

464
00:14:04,910 --> 00:14:06,612
THE STANDARD LANGUAGE,

465
00:14:06,612 --> 00:14:07,913
THAT WOULD BE THE WAY TO GO.

466
00:14:07,913 --> 00:14:09,481
BUT I GOT TO RUSSIA

467
00:14:09,481 --> 00:14:11,183
AND WAS WORKING WITH MANY

468
00:14:11,183 --> 00:14:12,851
OF THE ENGINEERS,

469
00:14:12,851 --> 00:14:14,320
TECHNICIANS, AND MANAGERS.

470
00:14:14,320 --> 00:14:15,888
SOME OF THESE PEOPLE HELPED

471
00:14:15,888 --> 00:14:17,823
TO PUT SPUTNIK IN SPACE

472
00:14:17,823 --> 00:14:19,425
AND LAUNCHED [INDISCERNIBLE],

473
00:14:19,425 --> 00:14:20,392
AND THESE PEOPLE

474
00:14:20,392 --> 00:14:21,393
WERE STILL THERE.

475
00:14:21,393 --> 00:14:23,862
AND SO, I THOUGHT-- I SAID,

476
00:14:23,862 --> 00:14:25,564
WELL, WE'RE NOT GOING

477
00:14:25,564 --> 00:14:26,599
TO COMPLETELY INVERT

478
00:14:26,599 --> 00:14:28,000
THE RUSSIAN SPACE SYSTEM

479
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:29,802
BECAUSE WE LIKE ENGLISH.

480
00:14:29,802 --> 00:14:32,938
BUT EVEN BEYOND THAT,

481
00:14:32,938 --> 00:14:34,340
IN ORDER FOR-- IT'S NOT ENOUGH

482
00:14:34,340 --> 00:14:37,576
TO KNOW WHAT THE RUSSIANS DID.

483
00:14:37,576 --> 00:14:39,979
THE KEY ELEMENT OF MAKING

484
00:14:39,979 --> 00:14:40,913
A SPACE STATION WORK

485
00:14:40,913 --> 00:14:41,547
WAS TO UNDERSTAND

486
00:14:41,547 --> 00:14:43,582
WHY THE RUSSIANS APPROACHED

487
00:14:43,582 --> 00:14:45,451
PROBLEMS A CERTAIN WAY.

488
00:14:45,451 --> 00:14:47,920
AND THE ONLY METHOD BY WHICH

489
00:14:47,920 --> 00:14:49,021
WE WERE REALLY GOING

490
00:14:49,021 --> 00:14:50,256
TO GET TO THAT WAS IF

491
00:14:50,256 --> 00:14:51,423
WE COULD TALK TO ALL

492
00:14:51,423 --> 00:14:52,358
THESE PEOPLE IN RUSSIAN.

493
00:14:52,358 --> 00:14:54,560
SO, UH, THAT BECAME

494
00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:55,661
THE WAY WE OPERATED.

495
00:14:55,661 --> 00:14:57,663
IF WE COULD PULL UP, UH,

496
00:14:57,663 --> 00:14:58,897
PICTURE NUMBER FOUR,

497
00:14:58,897 --> 00:15:00,766
I'LL SHOW YOU, UH,

498
00:15:00,766 --> 00:15:02,034
KIND OF ONE OF THE CRUTCHES

499
00:15:02,034 --> 00:15:04,003
WE USED TO GET BY THAT.

500
00:15:04,003 --> 00:15:04,737
AND IF WE CAN DO SOME

501
00:15:04,737 --> 00:15:06,372
SCREEN SHARING HERE.

502
00:15:06,372 --> 00:15:07,239
YEAH, WHAT THIS IS,

503
00:15:07,239 --> 00:15:08,574
IT'S GOING TO BE A PICTURE OF ME

504
00:15:08,574 --> 00:15:11,010
IN ONE OF THE TRAINING MOCK-UPS

505
00:15:11,010 --> 00:15:12,378
AND A BIG SHEET OF PAPER

506
00:15:12,378 --> 00:15:13,812
TO THE RIGHT IS

507
00:15:13,812 --> 00:15:16,849
A-A BIG SCHEMATIC DRAWING

508
00:15:16,849 --> 00:15:19,051
OF THE AIR PURIFICATION

509
00:15:19,051 --> 00:15:21,020
SYSTEM THAT I'M WORKING ON.

510
00:15:21,020 --> 00:15:22,855
AND OUR EFFORT,

511
00:15:22,855 --> 00:15:23,789
THE EARLY-ON IN

512
00:15:23,789 --> 00:15:25,291
THE SPACE STATION TRAINING

513
00:15:25,291 --> 00:15:27,159
WAS TO CREATE VERY

514
00:15:27,159 --> 00:15:29,461
UNDERSTANDABLE GRAPHIC DIAGRAMS

515
00:15:29,461 --> 00:15:30,329
OF ALL THE SYSTEMS

516
00:15:30,329 --> 00:15:31,530
THAT WE HAD TO USE.

517
00:15:31,530 --> 00:15:32,798
AND I-I, GINGER,

518
00:15:32,798 --> 00:15:33,866
CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG,

519
00:15:33,866 --> 00:15:34,633
I THINK WE STILL USE

520
00:15:34,633 --> 00:15:36,035
THESE TODAY.

521
00:15:36,035 --> 00:15:36,802
>> YES, WE STILL

522
00:15:36,802 --> 00:15:38,871
USE THOSE TODAY.

523
00:15:38,871 --> 00:15:39,672
>> AND FOR ME,

524
00:15:39,672 --> 00:15:40,539
THAT WAS A BIG HELP

525
00:15:40,539 --> 00:15:42,074
BECAUSE, UH, A LOT OF TIMES,

526
00:15:42,074 --> 00:15:43,509
I COULD GO THROUGH CLASS

527
00:15:43,509 --> 00:15:44,209
AND I-I COULD LOOK

528
00:15:44,209 --> 00:15:45,244
AT THE DIAGRAM.

529
00:15:45,244 --> 00:15:47,379
AND EVEN IF I DIDN'T GET 100%

530
00:15:47,379 --> 00:15:48,347
WHAT THE INSTRUCTOR

531
00:15:48,347 --> 00:15:50,783
WAS TRYING TO TEACH US,

532
00:15:50,783 --> 00:15:52,017
I COULD-I COULD MAKE SENSE

533
00:15:52,017 --> 00:15:53,285
OUT OF IT BY REFERRING

534
00:15:53,285 --> 00:15:55,020
TO THE DIAGRAM.

535
00:15:55,020 --> 00:15:56,955
>> SO, UM, GINGER OR SHEP,

536
00:15:56,955 --> 00:15:58,490
I'M CURIOUS AS TO WHETHER

537
00:15:58,490 --> 00:15:59,124
THE RUSSIANS HAD

538
00:15:59,124 --> 00:15:59,925
A VERY DIFFERENT

539
00:15:59,925 --> 00:16:01,327
APPROACH TO TRAINING,

540
00:16:01,327 --> 00:16:02,528
IF THERE WERE THINGS THAT

541
00:16:02,528 --> 00:16:03,996
YOU LEARNED, UM,

542
00:16:03,996 --> 00:16:07,766
FROM PARTICIPATING IN RUSSIA

543
00:16:07,766 --> 00:16:09,201
THAT MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN

544
00:16:09,201 --> 00:16:10,035
OBVIOUS TO YOU--

545
00:16:10,035 --> 00:16:12,104
TO YOU PREVIOUSLY.

546
00:16:12,104 --> 00:16:13,172
>> YEAH, UM, YOU KNOW,

547
00:16:13,172 --> 00:16:14,740
THEY BROKE DOWN LESSONS

548
00:16:14,740 --> 00:16:16,975
INTO THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL

549
00:16:16,975 --> 00:16:17,776
AND YOU WOULD GET ALL

550
00:16:17,776 --> 00:16:19,378
OF YOUR THEORETICAL LESSONS

551
00:16:19,378 --> 00:16:20,179
AND THEN DO YOUR

552
00:16:20,179 --> 00:16:22,147
PRACTICAL LESSONS.

553
00:16:22,147 --> 00:16:23,816
THEY HAD LESS OF A RELIANCE

554
00:16:23,816 --> 00:16:26,018
ON DIAGRAMS AND DOCUMENTATION

555
00:16:26,018 --> 00:16:27,386
BECAUSE THEY HAD--

556
00:16:27,386 --> 00:16:28,087
THE PEOPLE TEACHING

557
00:16:28,087 --> 00:16:29,421
THE CLASSES WERE EXPERTS

558
00:16:29,421 --> 00:16:31,223
AND KNEW THAT INFORMATION

559
00:16:31,223 --> 00:16:32,091
INSIDE AND OUT,

560
00:16:32,091 --> 00:16:33,525
WHEREAS, ON THE U.S. SIDE,

561
00:16:33,525 --> 00:16:35,227
WE WERE ALL STARTING UP.

562
00:16:35,227 --> 00:16:36,195
A LOT OF THE INSTRUCTORS

563
00:16:36,195 --> 00:16:36,829
WERE YOUNG.

564
00:16:36,829 --> 00:16:37,763
I WAS YOUNG AT THAT TIME

565
00:16:37,763 --> 00:16:39,365
AND SO, UM, WE WERE

566
00:16:39,365 --> 00:16:40,566
DEVELOPING MATERIALS

567
00:16:40,566 --> 00:16:41,133
AND WE DIDN'T

568
00:16:41,133 --> 00:16:42,334
HAVE THE EXPERTISE.

569
00:16:42,334 --> 00:16:44,536
SO, IT WAS, UM, INTERESTING

570
00:16:44,536 --> 00:16:45,904
TO SEE THE DICHOTOMY

571
00:16:45,904 --> 00:16:46,839
BETWEEN THE U.S. APPROACH

572
00:16:46,839 --> 00:16:48,273
AND THE RUSSIAN APPROACH,

573
00:16:48,273 --> 00:16:49,141
UH, BUT WE LEARNED

574
00:16:49,141 --> 00:16:50,909
A LOT FROM EACH OTHER.

575
00:16:50,909 --> 00:16:52,111
AND I THINK EACH OF US

576
00:16:52,111 --> 00:16:54,480
ADAPTED OUR, UH, APPROACHES

577
00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:55,514
SO THAT WE WERE BOTH

578
00:16:55,514 --> 00:16:57,616
BETTER OFF IN THE END.

579
00:16:57,616 --> 00:16:59,218
>> SERGEI, WE'D LOVE TO HEAR

580
00:16:59,218 --> 00:17:00,319
YOUR PERSPECTIVE

581
00:17:00,319 --> 00:17:01,653
FROM THE RUSSIAN SIDE.

582
00:17:01,653 --> 00:17:02,588
DID THE AMERICANS HAVE

583
00:17:02,588 --> 00:17:05,124
SOMETHING TO TEACH YOU?

584
00:17:05,124 --> 00:17:06,325
>> UH, ACTUALLY,

585
00:17:06,325 --> 00:17:08,961
GINGER IS CORRECT.

586
00:17:08,961 --> 00:17:09,528
WE WERE LEARNING

587
00:17:09,528 --> 00:17:10,429
FROM EACH OTHER.

588
00:17:10,429 --> 00:17:12,197
AND TURNING BACK TO

589
00:17:12,197 --> 00:17:13,565
YOUR PREVIOUS QUESTION OF

590
00:17:13,565 --> 00:17:16,435
WHAT WAS THE LANGUAGE BARRIER,

591
00:17:16,435 --> 00:17:17,803
SHEP WAS SPEAKING SOME RUSSIAN,

592
00:17:17,803 --> 00:17:19,271
WE WERE SPEAKING SOME ENGLISH.

593
00:17:19,271 --> 00:17:20,706
SO, WE CALLED THIS MIXTURE

594
00:17:20,706 --> 00:17:22,941
OF LANGUAGES RUNGISH.

595
00:17:22,941 --> 00:17:24,977
AND THAT'S WHAT WE USED

596
00:17:24,977 --> 00:17:25,878
DURING THE MISSION.

597
00:17:25,878 --> 00:17:27,946
WE ACTUALLY HAD THIS NAME

598
00:17:27,946 --> 00:17:28,847
WHEN I WAS TRAINING FOR

599
00:17:28,847 --> 00:17:30,949
SHUTTLE-SHUTTLE FLIGHT.

600
00:17:30,949 --> 00:17:31,784
AND ACTUALLY,

601
00:17:31,784 --> 00:17:33,051
FOR US IT WAS VERY INTERESTING

602
00:17:33,051 --> 00:17:34,987
CHANGE OF EXPERIENCE BECAUSE

603
00:17:34,987 --> 00:17:36,922
WE WERE, UH, GINGER IS RIGHT,

604
00:17:36,922 --> 00:17:38,590
WE WERE BASED MORE

605
00:17:38,590 --> 00:17:39,558
ON THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

606
00:17:39,558 --> 00:17:41,560
OF THE SYSTEM AND PREPARATION

607
00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:43,128
FOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT.

608
00:17:43,128 --> 00:17:44,763
AND, UH, IT WAS ESSENTIAL

609
00:17:44,763 --> 00:17:47,266
THAT WE-WE WERE NOT ABLE

610
00:17:47,266 --> 00:17:49,435
TO REPEAT, UH, EVERY STEP

611
00:17:49,435 --> 00:17:50,369
FOR SEVERAL TIMES

612
00:17:50,369 --> 00:17:52,104
GETTING READY FOR THE FLIGHT

613
00:17:52,104 --> 00:17:53,272
BECAUSE FLIGHT ITSELF

614
00:17:53,272 --> 00:17:55,107
IS, UH, LONG.

615
00:17:55,107 --> 00:17:58,110
AND YOU CANNOT DO

616
00:17:58,110 --> 00:17:59,812
KIND OF USUAL REHEARSAL.

617
00:17:59,812 --> 00:18:01,113
BUT IN SHUTTLE, IT'S POSSIBLE

618
00:18:01,113 --> 00:18:03,615
TO DO AND TRAINING FOR

619
00:18:03,615 --> 00:18:04,650
SHORT-DURATION FLIGHT

620
00:18:04,650 --> 00:18:06,718
IS LITTLE DIFFERENT.

621
00:18:06,718 --> 00:18:07,853
YOU KNOW, BUT WHAT WE LEARNED

622
00:18:07,853 --> 00:18:11,256
THAT WE CAN USE MORE, UH,

623
00:18:11,256 --> 00:18:14,860
COMPUTER-COMPUTER-GENERATED

624
00:18:14,860 --> 00:18:18,997
LESSONS OR MOCK-UP SIMULATORS.

625
00:18:18,997 --> 00:18:20,766
UM, BEFORE THAT,

626
00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:22,634
COMPUTER WAS NOT AS AVAILABLE

627
00:18:22,634 --> 00:18:24,102
AND WE HAD TO HAVE

628
00:18:24,102 --> 00:18:26,104
ALL THIS DIAGRAM IN OUR HEAD.

629
00:18:26,104 --> 00:18:28,207
WE HAD TO UNDERSTAND

630
00:18:28,207 --> 00:18:29,141
HOW SYSTEM WORKED.

631
00:18:29,141 --> 00:18:30,309
UH, AND IT ACTUALLY

632
00:18:30,309 --> 00:18:31,877
HAD SOME ADVANTAGES

633
00:18:31,877 --> 00:18:33,011
BECAUSE IF YOU WERE WORKING

634
00:18:33,011 --> 00:18:34,546
IN STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENT

635
00:18:34,546 --> 00:18:36,748
AND LIMITED AMOUNT OF TIME,

636
00:18:36,748 --> 00:18:37,616
SOMETIMES IT IS BETTER

637
00:18:37,616 --> 00:18:39,318
TO HAVE EVERYTHING IN YOUR HEAD,

638
00:18:39,318 --> 00:18:41,053
ALTHOUGH IT IS MORE DIFFICULT

639
00:18:41,053 --> 00:18:42,955
TO, UH, TO BUILD UP

640
00:18:42,955 --> 00:18:44,056
THIS KNOWLEDGE.

641
00:18:44,056 --> 00:18:46,825
BUT, AS WE SAID, WE WERE

642
00:18:46,825 --> 00:18:48,327
LEARNING FROM EACH OTHER.

643
00:18:48,327 --> 00:18:50,629
WE TRIED TO SHARE

644
00:18:50,629 --> 00:18:52,631
OUR EXPERIENCE-EXPERIENCE

645
00:18:52,631 --> 00:18:53,732
OF MIR MISSIONS

646
00:18:53,732 --> 00:18:54,733
AND WE WERE LEARNING

647
00:18:54,733 --> 00:18:57,603
FROM ALL THIS COMPUTER-SUPPORTED

648
00:18:57,603 --> 00:18:59,571
TRAINING FROM, UH, U.S. SIDE.

649
00:18:59,571 --> 00:19:02,241
AND I THINK, UH, AT THE END,

650
00:19:02,241 --> 00:19:04,042
NOW WE HAVE SOME KIND OF

651
00:19:04,042 --> 00:19:05,711
MIXED-MIXED SYSTEM

652
00:19:05,711 --> 00:19:08,146
OF TRAINING CREW FOR NOW.

653
00:19:08,146 --> 00:19:09,715
ACTUALLY, IT MIGHT BE,

654
00:19:09,715 --> 00:19:11,016
WELL, MORE DIFFICULT

655
00:19:11,016 --> 00:19:12,718
THAN WE HAD IN THE BEGINNING.

656
00:19:12,718 --> 00:19:13,886
NO ONE EXACTLY KNEW

657
00:19:13,886 --> 00:19:15,687
WHAT-WHAT

658
00:19:15,687 --> 00:19:16,722
KIND OF KNOWLEDGE

659
00:19:16,722 --> 00:19:18,190
WE WILL NEED IN FLIGHT.

660
00:19:18,190 --> 00:19:19,625
SO, FOR THIS PURPOSE,

661
00:19:19,625 --> 00:19:21,560
IN CASE OF THIS UNCERTAINTY,

662
00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:23,061
WE HAD TO HAVE

663
00:19:23,061 --> 00:19:24,696
M-MORE INFORMATION

664
00:19:24,696 --> 00:19:25,931
THAT WE REALLY NEEDED

665
00:19:25,931 --> 00:19:27,366
BECAUSE NO ONE KNEW

666
00:19:27,366 --> 00:19:28,433
HOW MUCH INFORMATION

667
00:19:28,433 --> 00:19:29,501
EXACTLY WE NEEDED.

668
00:19:29,501 --> 00:19:31,236
AND I SEE NOW THE TRAINING

669
00:19:31,236 --> 00:19:33,038
FOR SUBSEQUENT MISSIONS,

670
00:19:33,038 --> 00:19:34,373
AND ESPECIALLY NOW,

671
00:19:34,373 --> 00:19:37,109
ALLOW PEOPLE TO-TO LEARN

672
00:19:37,109 --> 00:19:38,610
ONLY WHAT THEY REALLY

673
00:19:38,610 --> 00:19:39,878
NEED FOR THE FLIGHT.

674
00:19:39,878 --> 00:19:40,846
UH, IN OUR CASE,

675
00:19:40,846 --> 00:19:43,949
WE LEARNED WITH SOME MARGIN

676
00:19:43,949 --> 00:19:46,952
AND IT WAS REALLY INTERESTING.

677
00:19:46,952 --> 00:19:47,986
>> UM, YURI, DID YOU WANT

678
00:19:47,986 --> 00:19:48,820
TO WEIGH IN ON WHAT YOU

679
00:19:48,820 --> 00:19:49,821
MIGHT HAVE LEARNED

680
00:19:49,821 --> 00:19:51,757
FROM THE AMERICAN SIDE?

681
00:19:51,757 --> 00:19:53,492
>> I AGREE WITH SERGEI.

682
00:19:53,492 --> 00:19:56,194
THE [INDISCERNIBLE].

683
00:19:58,697 --> 00:20:06,305
[ AUDIO BREAKING UP ]

684
00:20:08,941 --> 00:20:14,846
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]

685
00:20:18,417 --> 00:20:20,085
>> IT WAS ACTUALLY INTERESTING

686
00:20:20,085 --> 00:20:21,386
TO WORK TOGETHER

687
00:20:21,386 --> 00:20:23,121
BECAUSE WE WERE LEARNING

688
00:20:23,121 --> 00:20:24,256
FROM EACH OTHER AND DIFFERENT

689
00:20:24,256 --> 00:20:25,557
APPROACHES HELPED US

690
00:20:25,557 --> 00:20:29,261
TO UNDERSTAND THE STATIONS.

691
00:20:29,261 --> 00:20:30,262
>> UM, GEORGE, WAS THIS

692
00:20:30,262 --> 00:20:32,764
EXACTLY THE KIND OF SYNERGY

693
00:20:32,764 --> 00:20:35,067
YOU WANTED TO SEE COME OUT

694
00:20:35,067 --> 00:20:37,235
OF THIS INTERNATIONAL MISSION?

695
00:20:37,235 --> 00:20:38,036
>> YES, IT WAS.

696
00:20:38,036 --> 00:20:39,805
IT REALLY-REALLY TURNED OUT

697
00:20:39,805 --> 00:20:41,940
JUST TO BE WHAT I

698
00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:43,208
HAD HOPED IT TO BE.

699
00:20:43,208 --> 00:20:44,543
AND WE HAD WORKED

700
00:20:44,543 --> 00:20:45,911
WITH OUR RUSSIAN COLLEAGUES

701
00:20:45,911 --> 00:20:49,014
BEFORE ON APOLLO SOYUZ,

702
00:20:49,014 --> 00:20:51,283
THE FIRST JOINT FALCON MISSION.

703
00:20:51,283 --> 00:20:53,185
AND SO, I HAD CONFIDENCE

704
00:20:53,185 --> 00:20:54,186
THAT WE WOULD BE ABLE

705
00:20:54,186 --> 00:20:55,554
TO WORK WITH THEM

706
00:20:55,554 --> 00:20:56,555
AND IT WOULD REALLY TURN OUT

707
00:20:56,555 --> 00:20:58,290
TO BE A-A GOOD, UH,

708
00:20:58,290 --> 00:21:00,025
A GOOD PARTNERSHIP FOR RUSSIA

709
00:21:00,025 --> 00:21:01,693
AND WE COULD LEARN FROM THEM

710
00:21:01,693 --> 00:21:02,628
AND HOPEFULLY,

711
00:21:02,628 --> 00:21:03,629
THEY COULD LEARN FROM US.

712
00:21:03,629 --> 00:21:05,731
AND BETWEEN OUR TWO-

713
00:21:05,731 --> 00:21:06,965
OUR TWO NATIONS,

714
00:21:06,965 --> 00:21:08,266
WE WOULD COME UP

715
00:21:08,266 --> 00:21:09,635
WITH A GREAT SPACE STATION.

716
00:21:09,635 --> 00:21:12,070
AND I THINK THIS CREW

717
00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:14,172
MADE IT ALL HAPPEN.

718
00:21:14,172 --> 00:21:14,773
>> HEY, JEANNE,

719
00:21:14,773 --> 00:21:16,074
ONE IMPORTANT POINT

720
00:21:16,074 --> 00:21:18,010
THAT SERGEI TOUCHED ON

721
00:21:18,010 --> 00:21:18,877
THAT I WANT TO-I WANT TO

722
00:21:18,877 --> 00:21:21,980
DOUBLE-DOWN ON, IN HOUSTON,

723
00:21:21,980 --> 00:21:23,982
WE HAD EXTENSIVE SIMULATORS

724
00:21:23,982 --> 00:21:25,183
FOR THE SHUTTLE

725
00:21:25,183 --> 00:21:26,818
AND THE-THE CREW SPENT

726
00:21:26,818 --> 00:21:27,986
HUNDREDS OF HOURS

727
00:21:27,986 --> 00:21:29,755
IN THESE MACHINES.

728
00:21:29,755 --> 00:21:30,756
AND QUITE OFTEN,

729
00:21:30,756 --> 00:21:31,790
WE WOULD BE SITTING,

730
00:21:31,790 --> 00:21:33,058
WAITING FOR THE COMPUTERS

731
00:21:33,058 --> 00:21:34,092
TO COME UP BECAUSE

732
00:21:34,092 --> 00:21:35,727
THE SIM HAD CRASHED.

733
00:21:35,727 --> 00:21:36,528
AND IT HAPPENED LIKE

734
00:21:36,528 --> 00:21:37,796
TWICE A DAY.

735
00:21:37,796 --> 00:21:39,231
AND IT TOOK ABOUT

736
00:21:39,231 --> 00:21:40,766
30 OR 40 MINUTES TO REBOOT

737
00:21:40,766 --> 00:21:41,600
THE COMPUTERS AND GET

738
00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:43,035
EVERYTHING RUNNING AGAIN.

739
00:21:43,035 --> 00:21:45,337
WHEN I GOT TO STAR CITY

740
00:21:45,337 --> 00:21:46,571
AND I ASKED THE INSTRUCTORS

741
00:21:46,571 --> 00:21:48,106
THERE ABOUT THEIR

742
00:21:48,106 --> 00:21:50,342
SOYUZ SIMULATOR AND HOW OFTEN

743
00:21:50,342 --> 00:21:51,710
THEY HAD TO REBOOT IT

744
00:21:51,710 --> 00:21:53,512
BECAUSE IT HAD CRASHED,

745
00:21:53,512 --> 00:21:56,081
THE ANSWER WAS WELL, UH,

746
00:21:56,081 --> 00:21:58,083
WE DO THIS MAYBE ONCE A YEAR.

747
00:21:58,083 --> 00:22:00,118
AND SO, WHEN I FINISHED

748
00:22:00,118 --> 00:22:01,253
THE SPACE STATION

749
00:22:01,253 --> 00:22:03,321
AND I CAME BACK TO JOHNSON,

750
00:22:03,321 --> 00:22:04,923
I WAS TRYING TO GET THE POINT

751
00:22:04,923 --> 00:22:07,225
ACROSS TO SENIOR MANAGEMENT

752
00:22:07,225 --> 00:22:09,027
THAT THE WAY THE RUSSIANS DESIGN

753
00:22:09,027 --> 00:22:11,296
SOME THINGS IS REALLY GOOD

754
00:22:11,296 --> 00:22:12,898
AND WE NEED TO LEARN FROM THIS.

755
00:22:12,898 --> 00:22:16,535
UNFORTUNATELY, UH, YOU KNOW,

756
00:22:16,535 --> 00:22:17,936
SPACE TECHNOLOGY

757
00:22:17,936 --> 00:22:18,937
BEING WHAT IT IS,

758
00:22:18,937 --> 00:22:19,771
WE HAVE A-WE HAVE

759
00:22:19,771 --> 00:22:20,906
A FASCINATION,

760
00:22:20,906 --> 00:22:22,074
PARTICULARLY IN THE STATES,

761
00:22:22,074 --> 00:22:23,542
WITH THE MOST COMPLEX THINGS

762
00:22:23,542 --> 00:22:24,943
WE CAN BUILD.

763
00:22:24,943 --> 00:22:26,244
I'M NOT SURE THAT'S

764
00:22:26,244 --> 00:22:27,946
THE RIGHT ANSWER.

765
00:22:27,946 --> 00:22:28,680
>> GEORGE ABBEY,

766
00:22:28,680 --> 00:22:29,715
I HAVE TO GIVE YOU A CHANCE

767
00:22:29,715 --> 00:22:31,550
TO RESPOND TO THAT.

768
00:22:31,550 --> 00:22:32,818
>> WELL, I THINK

769
00:22:32,818 --> 00:22:33,618
I WOULD GO ALONG

770
00:22:33,618 --> 00:22:34,553
WITH WHAT SHEP SAYS.

771
00:22:34,553 --> 00:22:36,621
I THINK, UH, THE RUSSIAN, UH,

772
00:22:36,621 --> 00:22:38,457
DESIGN APPROACH IS, UH,

773
00:22:38,457 --> 00:22:40,258
IS A VERY GOOD ONE, AND, UH,

774
00:22:40,258 --> 00:22:42,094
IT, UH, THEY, UH, THEY COME UP

775
00:22:42,094 --> 00:22:43,595
WITH VERY RELIABLE EQUIPMENT

776
00:22:43,595 --> 00:22:45,731
WITH VERY RELIABLE SYSTEMS.

777
00:22:45,731 --> 00:22:47,065
AND, UH, I THINK

778
00:22:47,065 --> 00:22:48,400
WE LEARN FROM THEM AND,

779
00:22:48,400 --> 00:22:50,602
UH, HOPEFULLY WE CAN ADAPT, UH,

780
00:22:50,602 --> 00:22:51,970
SOME OF THOSE LESSONS AND

781
00:22:51,970 --> 00:22:53,038
INCORPORATE THEM

782
00:22:53,038 --> 00:22:54,673
INTO OUR SPACECRAFT.

783
00:22:54,673 --> 00:22:59,211
BUT, UH, YES, I AGREE WITH SHEP.

784
00:22:59,211 --> 00:23:00,712
>> UH, GINGER, UH,

785
00:23:00,712 --> 00:23:01,780
I'D LOVE TO TALK TO YOU

786
00:23:01,780 --> 00:23:03,081
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT YOUR FEELINGS

787
00:23:03,081 --> 00:23:05,417
AFTER WORKING WITH THESE GUYS

788
00:23:05,417 --> 00:23:06,818
FOR YEARS.

789
00:23:06,818 --> 00:23:09,354
UM, THEY'RE ABOUT TO TAKE OFF.

790
00:23:09,354 --> 00:23:11,189
UM, TELL ME THAT STORY OF

791
00:23:11,189 --> 00:23:12,457
WHAT THAT WAS LIKE AND WHAT

792
00:23:12,457 --> 00:23:15,660
YOU FELT SEEING THEM LAUNCH.

793
00:23:15,660 --> 00:23:16,628
>> YEAH, YOU KNOW,

794
00:23:16,628 --> 00:23:18,096
I SPENT FOUR YEARS OF MY LIFE--

795
00:23:18,096 --> 00:23:19,898
WHEREVER THIS CREW WAS,

796
00:23:19,898 --> 00:23:20,899
THAT'S WHERE I WAS.

797
00:23:20,899 --> 00:23:22,667
IF WE WERE IN [INDISTINCT]

798
00:23:22,667 --> 00:23:23,401
OR KAZAKHSTAN

799
00:23:23,401 --> 00:23:24,803
LOOKING AT THE SERVICE MODULE

800
00:23:24,803 --> 00:23:25,637
BEFORE IT LAUNCHED,

801
00:23:25,637 --> 00:23:26,571
I WAS RIGHT THERE WITH THEM.

802
00:23:26,571 --> 00:23:27,706
IF WE WERE IN FLORIDA,

803
00:23:27,706 --> 00:23:29,107
IF WE WERE IN, UM,

804
00:23:29,107 --> 00:23:30,308
HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA OR

805
00:23:30,308 --> 00:23:32,611
HOUSTON OR STAR CITY, RUSSIA.

806
00:23:32,611 --> 00:23:34,246
SO, UM, WE FORMED

807
00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:35,814
QUITE THE BOND.

808
00:23:35,814 --> 00:23:38,984
UM, AND SO, ON LAUNCH DAY,

809
00:23:38,984 --> 00:23:40,786
UM, I GOT TO GO TO THEIR LAUNCH.

810
00:23:40,786 --> 00:23:42,721
AND IT WAS A FOGGY DAY AND

811
00:23:42,721 --> 00:23:43,789
I REMEMBER WATCHING THEM

812
00:23:43,789 --> 00:23:45,824
WALK UP THE STAIRS

813
00:23:45,824 --> 00:23:47,092
OF THE LAUNCH VEHICLE.

814
00:23:47,092 --> 00:23:49,394
AND AS SOON AS THAT HATCH SHUT,

815
00:23:49,394 --> 00:23:51,329
I STARTED HYPERVENTILATING.

816
00:23:51,329 --> 00:23:53,698
AND I KNOW THE SPACECRAFT,

817
00:23:53,698 --> 00:23:54,633
I KNEW THAT THEY WERE

818
00:23:54,633 --> 00:23:55,667
GOING TO BE SAFE,

819
00:23:55,667 --> 00:23:57,402
BUT SOMETHING INSIDE ME SAID

820
00:23:57,402 --> 00:24:00,071
MY FAMILY IS GOING ON A ROCKET

821
00:24:00,071 --> 00:24:02,107
AND I COULD NOT HANDLE IT.

822
00:24:02,107 --> 00:24:03,975
AND ONE OF THE RUSSIAN, UM,

823
00:24:03,975 --> 00:24:05,544
HIGH-RANKING MILITARY OFFICIALS

824
00:24:05,544 --> 00:24:06,845
NOTICED THAT,

825
00:24:06,845 --> 00:24:08,013
PUT HIS ARM AROUND ME,

826
00:24:08,013 --> 00:24:09,748
AND STARTING PARTING THE CROWD

827
00:24:09,748 --> 00:24:10,615
TO TRY TO BRING ME

828
00:24:10,615 --> 00:24:11,950
TO A CLOSER VIEW.

829
00:24:11,950 --> 00:24:13,151
AND AS HE'S DOING THAT,

830
00:24:13,151 --> 00:24:15,887
HE SAYS [SPEAKS RUSSIAN],

831
00:24:15,887 --> 00:24:17,022
IT'S THE MOTHER OF THE CREW!

832
00:24:17,022 --> 00:24:18,323
GET OUT OF THE WAY!

833
00:24:18,323 --> 00:24:19,791
AND, UH, SO, HE PUT ME IN

834
00:24:19,791 --> 00:24:21,159
A SPOT WHERE I COULD WATCH THEM

835
00:24:21,159 --> 00:24:22,160
AND I WAS REASSURED

836
00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:23,028
THAT EVERYTHING WAS

837
00:24:23,028 --> 00:24:23,795
GOING TO BE OKAY.

838
00:24:23,795 --> 00:24:26,097
BUT IT WAS WEIRD BECAUSE

839
00:24:26,097 --> 00:24:26,665
I, YOU KNOW,

840
00:24:26,665 --> 00:24:27,732
WE WERE A FAMILY OF FOUR

841
00:24:27,732 --> 00:24:28,466
AND THREE OF THEM

842
00:24:28,466 --> 00:24:30,969
WERE GOING TO SPACE.

843
00:24:30,969 --> 00:24:32,437
>> AND SO,

844
00:24:32,437 --> 00:24:33,772
THE THREE OF YOU ARRIVE

845
00:24:33,772 --> 00:24:34,706
AT THE SPACE STATION.

846
00:24:34,706 --> 00:24:35,674
I'D LOVE TO GET

847
00:24:35,674 --> 00:24:37,309
YOUR FIRST IMPRESSIONS.

848
00:24:37,309 --> 00:24:39,711
SERGEI, WHAT DID YOU FEEL?

849
00:24:39,711 --> 00:24:40,679
WHAT DID YOU SEE?

850
00:24:40,679 --> 00:24:41,780
WHAT DID YOU SMELL

851
00:24:41,780 --> 00:24:43,882
AS YOU ARRIVED THERE?

852
00:24:43,882 --> 00:24:46,585
>> ACTUALLY, UH, VER--

853
00:24:46,585 --> 00:24:48,119
SERVICE MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL

854
00:24:48,119 --> 00:24:49,487
SPACE STATION, UH,

855
00:24:49,487 --> 00:24:51,623
IS VERY SIMILAR TO CORE MODULE

856
00:24:51,623 --> 00:24:53,558
OF MIR STATION, UH,

857
00:24:53,558 --> 00:24:54,693
UH, MECHANICALLY.

858
00:24:54,693 --> 00:24:56,161
SO, THE ONLY DIFFERENCE

859
00:24:56,161 --> 00:24:57,329
THAT I FELT THAT WE-

860
00:24:57,329 --> 00:24:58,763
WE CAME TO THE STATION

861
00:24:58,763 --> 00:25:01,900
AND IT WAS VERY NEW, VERY CLEAN.

862
00:25:01,900 --> 00:25:04,669
UH, AND NOT COMPLETELY EMPTY,

863
00:25:04,669 --> 00:25:07,405
BUT MUCH EMPTIER THAT, UH, YOU--

864
00:25:07,405 --> 00:25:09,574
THIS, UH, SPACE HAPPENED TO BE

865
00:25:09,574 --> 00:25:11,476
AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS OF,

866
00:25:11,476 --> 00:25:13,778
UH, CREW LIVING THERE.

867
00:25:13,778 --> 00:25:16,181
SO, I-I REMEMBER, UH, WE-WE WERE

868
00:25:16,181 --> 00:25:17,482
DISCUSSING WITH THE DESIGNERS,

869
00:25:17,482 --> 00:25:18,416
UH, ON THE GROUND

870
00:25:18,416 --> 00:25:19,885
THAT MAYBE THAT TABLE

871
00:25:19,885 --> 00:25:21,419
WE HAD, UH, IN THE MIDDLE

872
00:25:21,419 --> 00:25:24,222
OF THIS, UH, BIG COMPARTMENT,

873
00:25:24,222 --> 00:25:26,691
UH, CAN BE NOT ASSEMBLED

874
00:25:26,691 --> 00:25:27,592
BECAUSE THE FULL PART,

875
00:25:27,592 --> 00:25:29,561
MAYBE ONLY PART OF IT CAN EXIST.

876
00:25:29,561 --> 00:25:30,662
BUT WHEN WE CAME,

877
00:25:30,662 --> 00:25:32,030
THERE WAS NO TABLE.

878
00:25:32,030 --> 00:25:33,598
WE SWITCHED ON LIGHTS AND

879
00:25:33,598 --> 00:25:35,133
THE FIRST, UM, THING

880
00:25:35,133 --> 00:25:37,736
WE NEED TO DO IS PREPARE, UH,

881
00:25:37,736 --> 00:25:39,838
OUR TV DOWNLINK, UH, TO HAVE

882
00:25:39,838 --> 00:25:41,072
THE TELECONFERENCE, UH,

883
00:25:41,072 --> 00:25:42,307
FROM THE STATION.

884
00:25:42,307 --> 00:25:44,776
YEAH, AND WE STOPPED TO, UH,

885
00:25:44,776 --> 00:25:46,845
SEARCH FOR CONNECTORS.

886
00:25:46,845 --> 00:25:48,747
UH, AND IT WAS

887
00:25:48,747 --> 00:25:50,315
TYPICAL OPERATION,

888
00:25:50,315 --> 00:25:52,751
BUT IT WAS, UH, VERY MEMORABLE.

889
00:25:52,751 --> 00:25:54,119
SWITCHING ON LIGHT

890
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:55,453
FOR THE FIRST TIME WHEN WE CAME

891
00:25:55,453 --> 00:25:58,056
TO AN ALMOST DARK STATION,

892
00:25:58,056 --> 00:25:58,957
SWITCHING ON LIGHTS AND

893
00:25:58,957 --> 00:26:00,859
IT BECAME VERY LIGHT.

894
00:26:00,859 --> 00:26:03,528
>> HOT WATER.

895
00:26:03,528 --> 00:26:06,464
>> AND TRYING TO, UH,

896
00:26:06,464 --> 00:26:07,365
MAKE HOT WATER

897
00:26:07,365 --> 00:26:08,300
BECAUSE FOR TWO DAYS,

898
00:26:08,300 --> 00:26:09,868
WE WERE FLYING ON SOYUZ,

899
00:26:09,868 --> 00:26:11,836
WE HAD ONLY SNACKS AND,

900
00:26:11,836 --> 00:26:14,072
UH, COLD-COLD FOOD.

901
00:26:14,072 --> 00:26:15,273
SO, WE KNEW

902
00:26:15,273 --> 00:26:16,508
HOW SYSTEM WAS BUILT AND

903
00:26:16,508 --> 00:26:18,476
STEPPED UP TO IT, UH,

904
00:26:18,476 --> 00:26:19,811
HOT WATER TO HAVE, UH,

905
00:26:19,811 --> 00:26:21,579
HOT DRINK ON THE STATION.

906
00:26:21,579 --> 00:26:23,114
RIGHT, YURI IS RIGHT.

907
00:26:23,114 --> 00:26:24,883
>> UM, YURI, THE-THE JOB

908
00:26:24,883 --> 00:26:26,418
OF-OF YOUR CREW

909
00:26:26,418 --> 00:26:29,321
PRIMARILY WAS TO SET UP HOUSE,

910
00:26:29,321 --> 00:26:31,156
UH, ON THE SPACE STATION.

911
00:26:31,156 --> 00:26:32,524
CAN YOU TALK TO US A LITTLE BIT

912
00:26:32,524 --> 00:26:33,692
ABOUT-ABOUT THAT?

913
00:26:33,692 --> 00:26:34,626
WHAT YOU HAD TO DO

914
00:26:34,626 --> 00:26:35,627
WHEN YOU GO THERE,

915
00:26:35,627 --> 00:26:36,962
BESIDES GETTING HOT WATER

916
00:26:36,962 --> 00:26:39,698
FOR SOMETHING TO DRINK.

917
00:26:40,732 --> 00:26:46,471
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ].

918
00:27:04,756 --> 00:27:05,724
>> [ TRANSLATOR ] WELL,

919
00:27:05,724 --> 00:27:06,658
AT FIRST I WANT TO SAY THAT

920
00:27:06,658 --> 00:27:08,159
WHEN WE JUST GOT THERE,

921
00:27:08,159 --> 00:27:09,094
UH, WE WERE NOT ABLE TO

922
00:27:09,094 --> 00:27:11,162
OPEN THE HATCH RIGHT AWAY.

923
00:27:11,162 --> 00:27:13,064
WE HAD STRUGGLE WITH

924
00:27:13,064 --> 00:27:15,467
SERGEI WITH OUR LEGS,

925
00:27:15,467 --> 00:27:17,402
WITH OUR ARMS, UH,

926
00:27:17,402 --> 00:27:18,536
FOR MAYBE FIVE MINUTES.

927
00:27:18,536 --> 00:27:19,838
AND WE WERE THINKING HOW COME?

928
00:27:19,838 --> 00:27:20,939
WE JUST ARRIVED TO THE STATION

929
00:27:20,939 --> 00:27:24,843
BUT WE ARE NOT ABLE TO GET IN.

930
00:27:24,843 --> 00:27:29,247
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ].

931
00:27:40,225 --> 00:27:41,593
>> [ TRANSLATOR ] AND, UH, AND

932
00:27:41,593 --> 00:27:43,128
WE FINALLY OPENED THE HATCH

933
00:27:43,128 --> 00:27:44,195
AND WE GOT IN.

934
00:27:44,195 --> 00:27:45,030
AND SERGEI SAID,

935
00:27:45,030 --> 00:27:46,698
WE TURNED ON THE LIGHT,

936
00:27:46,698 --> 00:27:48,066
WE GOT SOME HOT WATER.

937
00:27:48,066 --> 00:27:50,135
UH, WE ACTIVATED THE TOILET.

938
00:27:50,135 --> 00:27:52,570
AND I REMEMBER, UH, SHEP SAID

939
00:27:52,570 --> 00:27:53,905
"NOW, WE CAN LIVE.

940
00:27:53,905 --> 00:27:55,173
"WE HAVE LIGHT,

941
00:27:55,173 --> 00:27:56,541
"WE HAVE HOT WATER,

942
00:27:56,541 --> 00:28:01,746
"AND WE HAVE A TOILET."

943
00:28:01,746 --> 00:28:03,281
>> JEANNE, JUMPING IN AGAIN,

944
00:28:03,281 --> 00:28:06,217
I THINK HISTORY MAY FORGET.

945
00:28:06,217 --> 00:28:07,619
OUR FIRST CARGO SHIP

946
00:28:07,619 --> 00:28:09,287
CAME UP ABOUT TEN DAYS

947
00:28:09,287 --> 00:28:11,022
AFTER WE ARRIVED

948
00:28:11,022 --> 00:28:13,324
AND YURI DID A GREAT JOB

949
00:28:13,324 --> 00:28:14,759
OF DOCKING IT BECAUSE

950
00:28:14,759 --> 00:28:15,460
IT WAS SUPPOSED TO

951
00:28:15,460 --> 00:28:18,263
FIND US AUTOMATICALLY.

952
00:28:18,263 --> 00:28:19,230
BUT IT CAME UP AND

953
00:28:19,230 --> 00:28:21,933
IT WAS ACTING VERY STRANGELY.

954
00:28:21,933 --> 00:28:23,468
AND YURI FLEW IT IN BY HAND.

955
00:28:23,468 --> 00:28:24,803
MAYBE HE CAN TELL A LITTLE BIT--

956
00:28:24,803 --> 00:28:25,737
YURI AND SERGEI CAN TELL

957
00:28:25,737 --> 00:28:26,671
A LITTLE BIT

958
00:28:26,671 --> 00:28:27,372
ABOUT HOW THAT WENT.

959
00:28:27,372 --> 00:28:33,044
IT WAS A PRETTY BIG DEAL.

960
00:28:33,044 --> 00:28:35,246
>> YEAH, IT WAS UNUSUAL DOCKING

961
00:28:35,246 --> 00:28:37,082
BECAUSE, AS SHEP SAID,

962
00:28:37,082 --> 00:28:37,882
THIS CARGO VEHICLE

963
00:28:37,882 --> 00:28:39,784
WAS SUPPOSED TO APPROACH

964
00:28:39,784 --> 00:28:42,620
AND THEN DOCK IN AUTOMATIC MODE.

965
00:28:42,620 --> 00:28:44,756
BUT WHEN IT CAME FOR

966
00:28:44,756 --> 00:28:47,058
ABOUT 100 METERS RANGE,

967
00:28:47,058 --> 00:28:50,128
THEN IT STARTED TO WOBBLE

968
00:28:50,128 --> 00:28:52,764
WHEN SEARCHING FOR DOCKING.

969
00:28:52,764 --> 00:28:54,732
AND THIS OSCILLATION

970
00:28:54,732 --> 00:28:55,667
BECAME SO BIG

971
00:28:55,667 --> 00:28:58,670
THAT IT STARTED TO BE DANGEROUS.

972
00:28:58,670 --> 00:28:59,404
AND FORTUNATELY,

973
00:28:59,404 --> 00:29:02,474
WE HAD OPPORTUNITY TO

974
00:29:02,474 --> 00:29:04,109
MANUAL CONTROL IT.

975
00:29:04,109 --> 00:29:05,143
SO, WE HAD TO SWITCH

976
00:29:05,143 --> 00:29:06,411
TO MANUAL CONTROL

977
00:29:06,411 --> 00:29:08,646
AND YURI WAS CONTROLLING IT

978
00:29:08,646 --> 00:29:10,849
BY HAND CONTROLS

979
00:29:10,849 --> 00:29:12,383
INSTALLED IN THE STATION.

980
00:29:12,383 --> 00:29:16,721
BUT NEXT ISSUE WAS THAT LENS

981
00:29:16,721 --> 00:29:18,089
ON THE CAMERA

982
00:29:18,089 --> 00:29:20,058
THAT WAS USED FOR --

983
00:29:20,058 --> 00:29:21,426
FOR ALIGNING THE VEHICLE

984
00:29:21,426 --> 00:29:22,393
WAS FOGGED

985
00:29:22,393 --> 00:29:23,528
AND WE DIDN'T KNOW

986
00:29:23,528 --> 00:29:25,196
WHAT IS THIS FOG.

987
00:29:25,196 --> 00:29:26,865
IS IT KIND OF GLUE

988
00:29:26,865 --> 00:29:27,632
OR SOMETHING ELSE

989
00:29:27,632 --> 00:29:30,668
STICK TO THE WINDOW OF

990
00:29:30,668 --> 00:29:33,071
THIS CAMERA OR SOMETHING ELSE.

991
00:29:33,071 --> 00:29:36,374
SO, WE CALL THIS

992
00:29:36,374 --> 00:29:37,542
REMOTE CONTROL --

993
00:29:37,542 --> 00:29:40,445
VEHICLE REMOTE

994
00:29:40,445 --> 00:29:42,580
TELEOPERATION MODE.

995
00:29:42,580 --> 00:29:43,948
BUT THE PROBLEM WAS THAT

996
00:29:43,948 --> 00:29:47,085
BECAUSE YURI CANNOT SEE STATION

997
00:29:47,085 --> 00:29:48,253
AND TARGET WELL.

998
00:29:48,253 --> 00:29:49,654
I WAS JUMPING TO WINDOW

999
00:29:49,654 --> 00:29:51,823
AND WE HAVE WHAT WE SAID

1000
00:29:51,823 --> 00:29:54,626
TELE-TELEOPERATION MODE BECAUSE

1001
00:29:54,626 --> 00:29:56,728
I WAS LOOKING OUT OF THE WINDOW

1002
00:29:56,728 --> 00:29:57,996
TO GIVE SOME GUIDANCE TO YURI

1003
00:29:57,996 --> 00:29:59,330
AND YURI WAS TRYING TO

1004
00:29:59,330 --> 00:30:00,365
CONTROL IT,

1005
00:30:00,365 --> 00:30:02,467
TRYING TO USE SOME IMAGE

1006
00:30:02,467 --> 00:30:05,203
ON THE MONITOR

1007
00:30:05,203 --> 00:30:06,237
AND SOME INFORMATION

1008
00:30:06,237 --> 00:30:07,739
THAT HE GOT FROM ME

1009
00:30:07,739 --> 00:30:09,240
BECAUSE I WAS LOOKING DIRECTLY

1010
00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:10,942
AT THE APPROACHING VEHICLE.

1011
00:30:10,942 --> 00:30:11,676
SO FINALLY,

1012
00:30:11,676 --> 00:30:14,212
WE WERE ABLE TO STATION

1013
00:30:14,212 --> 00:30:16,814
THIS VEHICLE VERY CLOSE

1014
00:30:16,814 --> 00:30:17,549
TO THE STATION

1015
00:30:17,549 --> 00:30:19,617
AND ON SATELLITE.

1016
00:30:19,617 --> 00:30:22,520
THIS FOG ON THE LENS CAME OUT

1017
00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:23,421
AND WE WERE ABLE

1018
00:30:23,421 --> 00:30:24,289
FINALLY TO DOCK.

1019
00:30:24,289 --> 00:30:25,690
BUT IT WAS VERY UNUSUAL WAY

1020
00:30:25,690 --> 00:30:27,458
OF DOCKING VEHICLE.

1021
00:30:27,458 --> 00:30:28,193
BUT FORTUNATELY,

1022
00:30:28,193 --> 00:30:30,695
WE HAD VERY MANY LAYERS

1023
00:30:30,695 --> 00:30:31,930
OF REDUNDANCY

1024
00:30:31,930 --> 00:30:32,964
AND ONE OF THE LAYERS

1025
00:30:32,964 --> 00:30:34,265
WORKED OUT WELL AND

1026
00:30:34,265 --> 00:30:36,067
WE WERE ABLE TO

1027
00:30:36,067 --> 00:30:37,302
DO DOCKING SAFELY.

1028
00:30:37,302 --> 00:30:38,703
AND MAYBE SHEP CAN ADD SOMETHING

1029
00:30:38,703 --> 00:30:39,771
BECAUSE HE WAS MONITORING

1030
00:30:39,771 --> 00:30:41,506
AND RECORDING THIS FOR --

1031
00:30:41,506 --> 00:30:42,307
LOOKING AT US

1032
00:30:42,307 --> 00:30:45,043
JUMPING TO THE CONTROL PANEL

1033
00:30:45,043 --> 00:30:46,978
TO WINDOW AND BACK.

1034
00:30:46,978 --> 00:30:47,512
>> YEAH,

1035
00:30:47,512 --> 00:30:48,112
I THINK IT'S ONE OF

1036
00:30:48,112 --> 00:30:50,148
THE ISSUES OF, IF YOU WILL,

1037
00:30:50,148 --> 00:30:51,349
THE CULTURE.

1038
00:30:51,349 --> 00:30:54,352
RUSSIAN DESIGNS PUT IN MANY WAYS

1039
00:30:54,352 --> 00:30:56,554
TO GET THINGS DONE.

1040
00:30:56,554 --> 00:30:58,022
THERE'S LOTS OF REDUNDANCY

1041
00:30:58,022 --> 00:31:00,725
AND IN SOME PROGRAMS,

1042
00:31:00,725 --> 00:31:03,094
THE U.S. DOES NOT HAVE AS MUCH.

1043
00:31:03,094 --> 00:31:03,628
AND I THINK

1044
00:31:03,628 --> 00:31:04,996
THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS

1045
00:31:04,996 --> 00:31:05,964
IN THE FUTURE WE NEED TO

1046
00:31:05,964 --> 00:31:10,001
PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO.

1047
00:31:10,001 --> 00:31:11,135
>> SHEP, CAN YOU TELL US

1048
00:31:11,135 --> 00:31:12,604
WHAT THE AVERAGE DAY

1049
00:31:12,604 --> 00:31:13,438
WOULD HAVE BEEN LIKE?

1050
00:31:13,438 --> 00:31:14,339
THIS WAS OBVIOUSLY

1051
00:31:14,339 --> 00:31:15,406
AN UNUSUAL DAY

1052
00:31:15,406 --> 00:31:17,308
WHEN YOU HAD THIS DOCKING DRAMA.

1053
00:31:17,308 --> 00:31:18,576
BUT WHAT ABOUT THE AVERAGE DAY?

1054
00:31:18,576 --> 00:31:19,644
WHAT DID YOU GUYS DO?

1055
00:31:19,644 --> 00:31:20,311
DID YOU HAVE ASSIGNED

1056
00:31:20,311 --> 00:31:21,679
RESPONSIBILITIES?

1057
00:31:21,679 --> 00:31:22,714
DID YOU ALL DO

1058
00:31:22,714 --> 00:31:23,915
A LITTLE BIT OF EVERYTHING?

1059
00:31:23,915 --> 00:31:25,250
HOW DID IT GO?

1060
00:31:25,250 --> 00:31:26,684
>> WELL, I'VE GOTTA SAY THAT

1061
00:31:26,684 --> 00:31:27,952
I DON'T THINK YOU COULD SAY

1062
00:31:27,952 --> 00:31:29,387
WE HAD AN AVERAGE DAY.

1063
00:31:29,387 --> 00:31:31,055
AT LEAST NOT TOO MANY OF THEM.

1064
00:31:31,055 --> 00:31:33,024
BUT THIS WAS GOOD BECAUSE

1065
00:31:33,024 --> 00:31:34,425
WE WERE UP THERE

1066
00:31:34,425 --> 00:31:36,027
TO GET A LOT OF WORK DONE

1067
00:31:36,027 --> 00:31:37,729
AND EVERY DAY SEEMED TO HAVE

1068
00:31:37,729 --> 00:31:40,598
ITS OWN SET OF CHALLENGES.

1069
00:31:40,598 --> 00:31:42,500
WE GOT UP 6:30-ISH

1070
00:31:42,500 --> 00:31:43,301
IN THE MORNING.

1071
00:31:43,301 --> 00:31:44,902
I LIKE TO GET A CUP OF COFFEE

1072
00:31:44,902 --> 00:31:47,572
AND READ ON THE LAPTOP

1073
00:31:47,572 --> 00:31:48,373
WHERE THE PRINTOUTS KIND OF...

1074
00:31:48,373 --> 00:31:50,375
>> BIG CUP OF COFFEE!

1075
00:31:50,375 --> 00:31:51,075
>> ...WHAT THE GROUND

1076
00:31:51,075 --> 00:31:51,843
WANTED US TO DO.

1077
00:31:51,843 --> 00:31:53,044
BUT FROM THEN ON,

1078
00:31:53,044 --> 00:31:55,613
IT WAS KIND OF FREE-FOR-ALL.

1079
00:31:55,613 --> 00:31:56,981
THE ONE THING I DID ENJOY

1080
00:31:56,981 --> 00:31:59,851
WAS WE GOT TOGETHER

1081
00:31:59,851 --> 00:32:02,654
AROUND THE GALLEY TABLE.

1082
00:32:02,654 --> 00:32:03,921
ANOTHER STORY ABOUT THAT,

1083
00:32:03,921 --> 00:32:05,256
BUT THREE TIMES A DAY --

1084
00:32:05,256 --> 00:32:06,090
WE MADE A POINT

1085
00:32:06,090 --> 00:32:07,292
TO HAVE OUR MEALS TOGETHER.

1086
00:32:07,292 --> 00:32:08,393
AND THAT WAS A BIG PART OF

1087
00:32:08,393 --> 00:32:10,395
KEEPING EVERYBODY KIND OF

1088
00:32:10,395 --> 00:32:11,963
ON THE SAME PLAN OF THE DAY.

1089
00:32:11,963 --> 00:32:13,097
BUT I'LL LET-I'LL LET YURI

1090
00:32:13,097 --> 00:32:14,732
AND SERGEI TALK ABOUT

1091
00:32:14,732 --> 00:32:17,068
THEIR PERSPECTIVES.

1092
00:32:17,068 --> 00:32:18,202
>> YURI, TELL US

1093
00:32:18,202 --> 00:32:21,205
WHAT YOU THOUGHT.

1094
00:32:26,044 --> 00:32:27,945
[ NO AUDIBLE SPEECH ]

1095
00:32:27,945 --> 00:32:29,414
>> WE'RE REALLY HAVING TROUBLE

1096
00:32:29,414 --> 00:32:32,784
HEARING YOU.

1097
00:32:34,552 --> 00:32:41,826
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]

1098
00:32:42,927 --> 00:32:46,864
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]

1099
00:32:55,139 --> 00:32:56,708
>> WELL, MY IMPRESSION,

1100
00:32:56,708 --> 00:32:58,109
AFTER LOOKING BACK,

1101
00:32:58,109 --> 00:33:00,044
YOU KNOW, 20 YEARS BACK,

1102
00:33:00,044 --> 00:33:00,645
SEEMS LIKE

1103
00:33:00,645 --> 00:33:01,713
THE FIRST COUPLE OF WEEKS

1104
00:33:01,713 --> 00:33:02,847
WE WERE JUST WORKING

1105
00:33:02,847 --> 00:33:06,517
AND WORKING AND WORKING.

1106
00:33:06,517 --> 00:33:15,626
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]

1107
00:33:17,829 --> 00:33:20,131
>> ESPECIALLY THE FIRST WEEK.

1108
00:33:20,131 --> 00:33:22,066
I THINK THE FIRST SHAVING

1109
00:33:22,066 --> 00:33:22,734
WE DID.

1110
00:33:22,734 --> 00:33:23,601
WE SHAVED PROBABLY LIKE

1111
00:33:23,601 --> 00:33:24,969
THREE DAYS AFTER WE ARRIVED.

1112
00:33:24,969 --> 00:33:26,037
AND MAYBE EVEN LATER

1113
00:33:26,037 --> 00:33:27,438
BECAUSE WE WERE NOT ABLE TO

1114
00:33:27,438 --> 00:33:30,141
FIND THE EQUIPMENT.

1115
00:33:30,141 --> 00:33:30,975
>> THE RAZOR.

1116
00:33:30,975 --> 00:33:33,177
>> THE RAZOR.

1117
00:33:33,177 --> 00:33:36,748
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]

1118
00:33:36,748 --> 00:33:37,315
>> BUT IT WAS

1119
00:33:37,315 --> 00:33:38,082
EXTREMELY INTERESTING.

1120
00:33:38,082 --> 00:33:40,351
VERY INTERESTING.

1121
00:33:40,351 --> 00:33:41,352
>> GEORGE, I'M CURIOUS

1122
00:33:41,352 --> 00:33:43,087
IF THERE EVER WAS TENSION

1123
00:33:43,087 --> 00:33:45,189
BETWEEN WHAT THE UNITED STATES

1124
00:33:45,189 --> 00:33:46,457
WANTED THE CREW TO BE DOING

1125
00:33:46,457 --> 00:33:47,325
AND WHAT THE RUSSIANS

1126
00:33:47,325 --> 00:33:49,961
WANTED THE CREW TO BE DOING.

1127
00:33:49,961 --> 00:33:53,464
>> NO, THERE WASN'T ANY OF

1128
00:33:53,464 --> 00:33:54,499
THAT KIND OF TENSION.

1129
00:33:54,499 --> 00:33:56,734
I THINK THAT HAVING WORKED WITH

1130
00:33:56,734 --> 00:33:58,736
THE RUSSIANS ON THE MIR PROGRAM,

1131
00:33:58,736 --> 00:34:00,872
THE SHUTTLE-MIR PROGRAM,

1132
00:34:00,872 --> 00:34:02,240
WE HAD DEVELOPED A LOT

1133
00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:03,708
OF CONFIDENCE IN EACH OTHER

1134
00:34:03,708 --> 00:34:05,009
AND CONFIDENCE

1135
00:34:05,009 --> 00:34:06,210
WHEN THEY MADE A DECISION

1136
00:34:06,210 --> 00:34:08,980
THAT THEY EXERCISED ALL OF --

1137
00:34:08,980 --> 00:34:10,047
EVERYTHING THAT NEEDED

1138
00:34:10,047 --> 00:34:10,982
TO BE DONE TO MAKE SURE

1139
00:34:10,982 --> 00:34:12,417
IT WAS A GOOD DECISION.

1140
00:34:12,417 --> 00:34:15,019
AND SO, WE LEARNED THAT

1141
00:34:15,019 --> 00:34:16,621
THOSE MISSIONS WITH THE CREW

1142
00:34:16,621 --> 00:34:17,722
OF THE MIR

1143
00:34:17,722 --> 00:34:18,790
AND WORKING WITH THE RUSSIANS

1144
00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:20,525
IN THEIR CONTROL CENTER

1145
00:34:20,525 --> 00:34:22,293
REALLY GAVE US A GOOD FOUNDATION

1146
00:34:22,293 --> 00:34:24,195
FOR MOVING INTO

1147
00:34:24,195 --> 00:34:25,196
THE ASSEMBLY FLIGHTS

1148
00:34:25,196 --> 00:34:26,464
AND FIRST FLIGHT WITH

1149
00:34:26,464 --> 00:34:27,698
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

1150
00:34:27,698 --> 00:34:29,967
SO, INITIALLY

1151
00:34:29,967 --> 00:34:30,868
ON THE SHUTTLE-MIR

1152
00:34:30,868 --> 00:34:32,370
WE HAD SOME TENSIONS,

1153
00:34:32,370 --> 00:34:33,638
BUT THAT HAD BEEN

1154
00:34:33,638 --> 00:34:34,372
WELL WORKED OUT

1155
00:34:34,372 --> 00:34:35,773
BY THE TIME WE WERE DOING --

1156
00:34:35,773 --> 00:34:38,242
THE FIRST MISSION TO

1157
00:34:38,242 --> 00:34:40,445
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

1158
00:34:40,445 --> 00:34:41,112
>> HEY, JEANNE,

1159
00:34:41,112 --> 00:34:42,313
I'VE GOTTA JUMP IN ON THAT

1160
00:34:42,313 --> 00:34:44,348
BECAUSE EARLY ON,

1161
00:34:44,348 --> 00:34:46,384
THE TWO CONTROL CENTERS,

1162
00:34:46,384 --> 00:34:48,252
FLYING THE ISS WAS KIND OF NEW

1163
00:34:48,252 --> 00:34:49,487
FOR BOTH OF THEM.

1164
00:34:49,487 --> 00:34:51,656
AND ABOUT --

1165
00:34:51,656 --> 00:34:53,157
FOR THE FIRST MAYBE TWO

1166
00:34:53,157 --> 00:34:55,059
OR THREE WEEKS OF THINGS,

1167
00:34:55,059 --> 00:34:56,461
OCCASIONALLY WE WOULD GET

1168
00:34:56,461 --> 00:34:58,930
CONFLICTING MARCHING ORDERS.

1169
00:34:58,930 --> 00:35:01,165
THINGS THAT HOUSTON HAD SAID

1170
00:35:01,165 --> 00:35:02,867
AND THEN THE CONTROL CENTER

1171
00:35:02,867 --> 00:35:04,535
IN MOSCOW CHANGED LATER.

1172
00:35:04,535 --> 00:35:07,605
AND IT WOULD GO BACK AND FORTH,

1173
00:35:07,605 --> 00:35:09,407
ALMOST ORBIT BY ORBIT SOMETIMES.

1174
00:35:09,407 --> 00:35:10,775
AND I-I GOT

1175
00:35:10,775 --> 00:35:12,844
REALLY FRUSTRATED ONE DAY

1176
00:35:12,844 --> 00:35:14,445
AND I GOT ON THE RADIO.

1177
00:35:14,445 --> 00:35:15,480
AND BOTH CONTROL CENTERS

1178
00:35:15,480 --> 00:35:17,281
CAN HEAR YOU WHEN YOU CAN

1179
00:35:17,281 --> 00:35:19,617
TALK TO THE GROUND STATION.

1180
00:35:19,617 --> 00:35:20,318
AND I SAID LOOK,

1181
00:35:20,318 --> 00:35:20,885
WE'RE THE INTERNATIONAL

1182
00:35:20,885 --> 00:35:21,552
SPACE STATION,

1183
00:35:21,552 --> 00:35:23,554
YOU GUYS HAVE TO COORDINATE

1184
00:35:23,554 --> 00:35:24,422
HAVING ONE PLAN

1185
00:35:24,422 --> 00:35:25,223
AND GIVE IT TO US

1186
00:35:25,223 --> 00:35:26,824
AND THAT'S THE ONE WE'LL DO.

1187
00:35:26,824 --> 00:35:27,692
WE'RE NOT DOING ONE PLAN

1188
00:35:27,692 --> 00:35:28,793
FOR MOSCOW

1189
00:35:28,793 --> 00:35:30,027
AND ONE PLAN FOR HOUSTON.

1190
00:35:30,027 --> 00:35:31,362
THEY-THEY JUST NEEDED

1191
00:35:31,362 --> 00:35:32,763
THAT LITTLE REMINDER AND

1192
00:35:32,763 --> 00:35:34,832
I WAS HAPPY TO GIVE IT TO THEM.

1193
00:35:34,832 --> 00:35:35,600
AND I'VE GOTTA SAY,

1194
00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:36,567
THAT WAS MY HAPPIEST DAY

1195
00:35:36,567 --> 00:35:38,769
IN SPACE.

1196
00:35:41,939 --> 00:35:42,773
>> SO, YOU GUYS

1197
00:35:42,773 --> 00:35:43,574
WERE LIVING TOGETHER IN

1198
00:35:43,574 --> 00:35:47,278
PRETTY TIGHT QUARTERS UP THERE.

1199
00:35:47,278 --> 00:35:48,479
HOW DID YOU GET ALONG?

1200
00:35:48,479 --> 00:35:49,914
I MEAN WERE THERE TENSIONS

1201
00:35:49,914 --> 00:35:50,748
THAT DEVELOPED?

1202
00:35:50,748 --> 00:35:51,716
WERE YOU EVER ABLE TO

1203
00:35:51,716 --> 00:35:53,784
HAVE PRIVACY?

1204
00:35:53,784 --> 00:35:56,587
WAS EVERYBODY CHUMMY?

1205
00:35:56,587 --> 00:35:59,090
WHO WANTS TO WEIGH IN FIRST?

1206
00:35:59,090 --> 00:36:00,424
>> STATION WAS NOT BIG

1207
00:36:00,424 --> 00:36:01,259
AT THAT TIME,

1208
00:36:01,259 --> 00:36:02,860
BUT I THINK IT WAS

1209
00:36:02,860 --> 00:36:05,296
STILL BIGGER THAN SHUTTLE --

1210
00:36:05,296 --> 00:36:07,965
SHUTTLE COCKPIT.

1211
00:36:07,965 --> 00:36:11,836
AND WE HAD ENOUGH ROOM

1212
00:36:11,836 --> 00:36:14,772
TO HAVE AT LEAST SOME PRIVACY.

1213
00:36:14,772 --> 00:36:16,374
BUT REALLY,

1214
00:36:16,374 --> 00:36:17,775
WE DON'T NEED MUCH PRIVACY

1215
00:36:17,775 --> 00:36:19,610
BECAUSE WE WERE

1216
00:36:19,610 --> 00:36:20,845
WORKING TOGETHER.

1217
00:36:20,845 --> 00:36:22,213
AND I WOULD LIKE TO RETURN BACK

1218
00:36:22,213 --> 00:36:23,281
MAYBE TO PREVIOUS QUESTION

1219
00:36:23,281 --> 00:36:24,448
WHEN SHEP SAID THAT

1220
00:36:24,448 --> 00:36:27,018
WE DIDN'T HAVE NORMAL DAY

1221
00:36:27,018 --> 00:36:29,954
BECAUSE EVERY DAY WAS SPECIAL.

1222
00:36:29,954 --> 00:36:31,556
AND I ALSO REMEMBER

1223
00:36:31,556 --> 00:36:32,790
ANOTHER INTERESTING THING.

1224
00:36:32,790 --> 00:36:35,359
WHEN WE WERE STILL ON THE GROUND

1225
00:36:35,359 --> 00:36:36,627
PREPARING FOR THE FLIGHT

1226
00:36:36,627 --> 00:36:39,096
AND WE WERE SHOWN TOOLS

1227
00:36:39,096 --> 00:36:40,998
WE ARE GOING TO HAVE

1228
00:36:40,998 --> 00:36:42,767
ON BOARD THE STATION.

1229
00:36:42,767 --> 00:36:45,169
ONE OF THE BIG TOOLS WAS,

1230
00:36:45,169 --> 00:36:46,137
I DON'T KNOW

1231
00:36:46,137 --> 00:36:47,104
HOW IT IS CALLED IN ENGLISH,

1232
00:36:47,104 --> 00:36:50,408
BUT LIKE A BIG CHUNK OF METAL

1233
00:36:50,408 --> 00:36:54,779
LIKE YOU OPEN THE DOOR OR SAFE.

1234
00:36:54,779 --> 00:36:57,114
BUT SHEP WAS LAUGHING SAYING

1235
00:36:57,114 --> 00:36:59,483
WHY DO WE NEED THIS BIG --

1236
00:36:59,483 --> 00:37:02,920
BIG HEAVY INSTRUMENT IN THERE?

1237
00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:03,921
WE SAID, "WELL, SHEP,

1238
00:37:03,921 --> 00:37:05,389
"LET'S TAKE IT JUST IN CASE."

1239
00:37:05,389 --> 00:37:07,058
AND I THINK MAYBE NOT ON FIRST,

1240
00:37:07,058 --> 00:37:07,892
BUT ON THE SECOND WEEK

1241
00:37:07,892 --> 00:37:09,694
WHEN WE WERE INSTALLING

1242
00:37:09,694 --> 00:37:11,362
ONE OF THE EQUIPMENT

1243
00:37:11,362 --> 00:37:12,930
THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO TAKE

1244
00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:14,398
LIKE 15 MINUTES TO INSTALL

1245
00:37:14,398 --> 00:37:16,300
AND WHEN WE HAD THE TRAINING

1246
00:37:16,300 --> 00:37:18,202
FOR THIS INSTALLATION

1247
00:37:18,202 --> 00:37:18,836
ON THE GROUND,

1248
00:37:18,836 --> 00:37:19,737
IT WAS VERY SIMPLE.

1249
00:37:19,737 --> 00:37:21,038
WE WOULD JUST PUT IT IN,

1250
00:37:21,038 --> 00:37:22,173
MAKE SEVERAL CONNECTIONS,

1251
00:37:22,173 --> 00:37:25,443
AND PUT FOUR BOLTS TO

1252
00:37:25,443 --> 00:37:27,678
HOLD THIS PIECE OF EQUIPMENT.

1253
00:37:27,678 --> 00:37:28,346
ON THE STATION,

1254
00:37:28,346 --> 00:37:30,681
MAYBE STATION WAS DEFORMED

1255
00:37:30,681 --> 00:37:31,549
A LITTLE BIT

1256
00:37:31,549 --> 00:37:33,551
FROM GROUND POSITION

1257
00:37:33,551 --> 00:37:35,186
AND FLIGHT POSITION, BUT REALLY,

1258
00:37:35,186 --> 00:37:38,356
WE NEED TO USE ALL HEAVY TOOLS

1259
00:37:38,356 --> 00:37:41,392
TO MAKE THIS PIECE OF EQUIPMENT

1260
00:37:41,392 --> 00:37:43,227
FIT IN THE PROPER PLACE.

1261
00:37:43,227 --> 00:37:45,863
AND IT WAS ALMOST LIKE,

1262
00:37:45,863 --> 00:37:47,365
I DON'T KNOW, SPECIAL ADVENTURE.

1263
00:37:47,365 --> 00:37:48,466
SO, EVERY DAY

1264
00:37:48,466 --> 00:37:51,002
WAS VERY ADVENTUROUS.

1265
00:37:51,002 --> 00:37:52,370
>> GINGER, WE TALKED

1266
00:37:52,370 --> 00:37:53,137
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

1267
00:37:53,137 --> 00:37:54,205
HOW YOU FELT

1268
00:37:54,205 --> 00:37:55,439
SEEING THESE GUYS GO OFF,

1269
00:37:55,439 --> 00:37:56,040
THAT YOU WERE

1270
00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:57,475
THE MOTHER OF THE CREW.

1271
00:37:57,475 --> 00:37:58,376
ARE YOU STILL CLOSE

1272
00:37:58,376 --> 00:38:01,712
WITH THESE GUYS?

1273
00:38:01,712 --> 00:38:03,147
>> OH, VERY MUCH SO.

1274
00:38:03,147 --> 00:38:04,548
EVERY TIME I'M IN TOWN,

1275
00:38:04,548 --> 00:38:05,683
WELL, IN RUSSIA,

1276
00:38:05,683 --> 00:38:07,351
I ALWAYS TRY TO FIND YURI

1277
00:38:07,351 --> 00:38:08,519
AND SERGEI.

1278
00:38:08,519 --> 00:38:09,954
I THINK I SAW YURI

1279
00:38:09,954 --> 00:38:11,455
A COUPLE OF NOVEMBERS AGO

1280
00:38:11,455 --> 00:38:13,591
WHEN I WAS IN STAR CITY.

1281
00:38:13,591 --> 00:38:14,925
AND SERGEI MAKES MORE FREQUENT

1282
00:38:14,925 --> 00:38:16,994
TRIPS OUT TO THE U.S.

1283
00:38:16,994 --> 00:38:17,795
SO, HE WAS ABLE TO

1284
00:38:17,795 --> 00:38:20,097
MEET MY FIANCE HIS LAST TRIP

1285
00:38:20,097 --> 00:38:23,167
AND I'M HOPING THAT

1286
00:38:23,167 --> 00:38:24,068
THEY CAN BOTH MAKE IT

1287
00:38:24,068 --> 00:38:25,236
FOR THE WEDDING IN MARCH,

1288
00:38:25,236 --> 00:38:26,103
IF TRAVEL ALLOWS.

1289
00:38:26,103 --> 00:38:27,371
AND SHEP IS GOING TO BE

1290
00:38:27,371 --> 00:38:29,473
GIVING ME AWAY.

1291
00:38:29,473 --> 00:38:31,809
SO, YES, WE STILL STAY IN TOUCH.

1292
00:38:31,809 --> 00:38:33,110
WE HAVE FORMED, I THINK,

1293
00:38:33,110 --> 00:38:36,147
WHAT ARE LIFELONG FRIENDSHIPS.

1294
00:38:36,147 --> 00:38:38,282
AND I'M VERY THANKFUL TO NASA

1295
00:38:38,282 --> 00:38:39,183
FOR GIVING ME A JOB

1296
00:38:39,183 --> 00:38:40,284
THAT ALLOWED ME NOT ONLY

1297
00:38:40,284 --> 00:38:41,485
TO SUPPORT THE EXPEDITION 1

1298
00:38:41,485 --> 00:38:42,586
CREW IN THEIR MISSION,

1299
00:38:42,586 --> 00:38:43,320
BUT ALSO TO MAKE

1300
00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:45,823
SUCH GREAT FRIENDS.

1301
00:38:45,823 --> 00:38:47,024
>> WE'RE COMING DOWN TO

1302
00:38:47,024 --> 00:38:47,992
OUR LAST MINUTES

1303
00:38:47,992 --> 00:38:48,826
AND I'D LIKE TO GET,

1304
00:38:48,826 --> 00:38:50,094
FROM EACH OF YOU,

1305
00:38:50,094 --> 00:38:50,961
YOUR THOUGHTS ON

1306
00:38:50,961 --> 00:38:53,130
WHAT THE BIG TAKEAWAY

1307
00:38:53,130 --> 00:38:55,966
FROM YOUR MISSION WAS.

1308
00:38:55,966 --> 00:38:56,701
SHEP, WHY DON'T WE

1309
00:38:56,701 --> 00:38:59,136
START WITH YOU?

1310
00:38:59,136 --> 00:39:00,971
>> I THINK SPACE STATION,

1311
00:39:00,971 --> 00:39:03,274
PARTICULARLY EXPEDITION 1,

1312
00:39:03,274 --> 00:39:04,842
SET THE TONE FOR HOW CREWS

1313
00:39:04,842 --> 00:39:09,980
NEED TO OPERATE IN SPACE.

1314
00:39:09,980 --> 00:39:12,516
AND THAT WE CAN FLY REALLY BIG,

1315
00:39:12,516 --> 00:39:13,718
COMPLEX VEHICLE,

1316
00:39:13,718 --> 00:39:15,486
LOTS OF INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS.

1317
00:39:15,486 --> 00:39:17,021
AND WITH THE RIGHT GROUND

1318
00:39:17,021 --> 00:39:17,822
SUPPORT AND TRAINING,

1319
00:39:17,822 --> 00:39:18,422
WE CAN FIGURE OUT

1320
00:39:18,422 --> 00:39:19,790
HOW TO MAKE IT ALL WORK.

1321
00:39:19,790 --> 00:39:21,058
I THINK IT'S THE BLUEPRINT

1322
00:39:21,058 --> 00:39:23,661
FOR LARGER EXPEDITIONS

1323
00:39:23,661 --> 00:39:24,595
AND GOING, CERTAINLY,

1324
00:39:24,595 --> 00:39:25,930
TO THE MOON AND PROBABLY BEYOND

1325
00:39:25,930 --> 00:39:28,599
THAT TO MARS AND ELSEWHERE.

1326
00:39:28,599 --> 00:39:29,834
>> YURI, BIG TAKEAWAY

1327
00:39:29,834 --> 00:39:32,636
FROM THE MISSION?

1328
00:39:32,636 --> 00:39:39,176
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]

1329
00:39:48,385 --> 00:39:49,386
>> YES.

1330
00:39:49,386 --> 00:39:51,655
I JUST WILL JOIN SHEP HERE

1331
00:39:51,655 --> 00:39:53,257
AND WANT TO ADD THAT

1332
00:39:53,257 --> 00:39:56,193
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE

1333
00:39:56,193 --> 00:39:58,729
FOR OUR MISSION WAS TO PREPARE

1334
00:39:58,729 --> 00:40:00,931
THE STATION FOR THE NEXT CREW.

1335
00:40:00,931 --> 00:40:02,099
SO, FOR CREW NUMBER TWO,

1336
00:40:02,099 --> 00:40:05,136
CREW NUMBER THREE, AND SO FORTH.

1337
00:40:05,136 --> 00:40:10,107
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]

1338
00:40:14,712 --> 00:40:16,046
>> AND I JUST WANTED TO ADD THAT

1339
00:40:16,046 --> 00:40:17,481
RIGHT NOW ON THE STATION

1340
00:40:17,481 --> 00:40:20,317
WE HAVE ALREADY CREW NUMBER 63.

1341
00:40:20,317 --> 00:40:22,520
THIS IS MISSION NUMBER 63.

1342
00:40:22,520 --> 00:40:24,121
AND 64, THERE, AS WELL.

1343
00:40:24,121 --> 00:40:27,691
AND 63 IS GOING TO LAND TODAY.

1344
00:40:27,691 --> 00:40:31,829
>> 64 MISSIONS.

1345
00:40:31,829 --> 00:40:33,964
>> SERGEI, YOUR THOUGHTS ON

1346
00:40:33,964 --> 00:40:37,001
REFLECTING ON YOUR MISSION?

1347
00:40:37,001 --> 00:40:38,969
>> WELL, AS WE SAID AT THAT TIME

1348
00:40:38,969 --> 00:40:40,838
THAT THE GOAL OF OUR MISSION

1349
00:40:40,838 --> 00:40:42,339
WAS TO MAKE STATION ALIVE

1350
00:40:42,339 --> 00:40:43,941
BECAUSE WHEN WE CAME,

1351
00:40:43,941 --> 00:40:44,809
MOST OF THE STATION

1352
00:40:44,809 --> 00:40:45,876
WAS SHUT DOWN.

1353
00:40:45,876 --> 00:40:46,510
SOME OF THEM

1354
00:40:46,510 --> 00:40:47,778
WAS NOT EVEN INSTALLED.

1355
00:40:47,778 --> 00:40:48,579
AND SOME OF THEM,

1356
00:40:48,579 --> 00:40:50,447
INSTALLATION AND ACTIVATION

1357
00:40:50,447 --> 00:40:53,584
OF THE SYSTEM WAS LIFE CRITICAL.

1358
00:40:53,584 --> 00:40:54,952
SO, IF WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO

1359
00:40:54,952 --> 00:40:55,920
DO THIS ON TIME,

1360
00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:58,889
WE HAD TO STOP MISSION EARLY

1361
00:40:58,889 --> 00:41:00,257
AND RETURN BACK HOME.

1362
00:41:00,257 --> 00:41:02,092
SO, WE -- AS A CREW,

1363
00:41:02,092 --> 00:41:03,561
WE NEED TO BE VERY RELIABLE.

1364
00:41:03,561 --> 00:41:05,663
AND I THINK OUR CREW WAS ABLE TO

1365
00:41:05,663 --> 00:41:08,132
DO WHAT WE WERE SUPPOSED TO DO.

1366
00:41:08,132 --> 00:41:09,700
BUT I THINK OUR GOAL

1367
00:41:09,700 --> 00:41:12,169
WAS NOT ONLY PREPARE STATION

1368
00:41:12,169 --> 00:41:13,871
FOR FUTURE EXPERIMENTS,

1369
00:41:13,871 --> 00:41:17,808
I THINK SPACE STATION PROGRAM

1370
00:41:17,808 --> 00:41:18,909
ITSELF IS VERY BIG

1371
00:41:18,909 --> 00:41:20,344
AND INTERESTING

1372
00:41:20,344 --> 00:41:22,780
IN THE TECHNICAL EXPERIMENT.

1373
00:41:22,780 --> 00:41:24,148
WHAT WE DID ON EXPEDITION 1

1374
00:41:24,148 --> 00:41:25,683
WAS BIG TECHNICAL EXPERIMENT

1375
00:41:25,683 --> 00:41:27,184
BECAUSE WE WERE PUT

1376
00:41:27,184 --> 00:41:28,252
SOME THINGS TOGETHER.

1377
00:41:28,252 --> 00:41:29,320
WE WERE ACTIVATING THEM

1378
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:32,056
IN UNUSUAL SITUATIONS.

1379
00:41:32,056 --> 00:41:33,591
AS WE SAID,

1380
00:41:33,591 --> 00:41:35,893
SOME OF THE HARDWARE

1381
00:41:35,893 --> 00:41:37,194
NEVER MET EACH OTHER

1382
00:41:37,194 --> 00:41:38,295
ON THE GROUND AND

1383
00:41:38,295 --> 00:41:39,930
WE HAD TO INSTALL IT IN SPACE

1384
00:41:39,930 --> 00:41:40,865
FOR THE FIRST TIME.

1385
00:41:40,865 --> 00:41:42,099
AND NOT EVERY TIME

1386
00:41:42,099 --> 00:41:43,234
IT WAS SMOOTH.

1387
00:41:43,234 --> 00:41:45,669
SO, I THINK IT WAS

1388
00:41:45,669 --> 00:41:47,404
VERY INTERESTING TECHNICAL

1389
00:41:47,404 --> 00:41:49,740
AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIMENT.

1390
00:41:49,740 --> 00:41:50,441
AND THE RESULT OF

1391
00:41:50,441 --> 00:41:51,041
THIS EXPERIMENT

1392
00:41:51,041 --> 00:41:52,443
WE ARE USING UP TO NOW

1393
00:41:52,443 --> 00:41:55,079
AND, AS YURI SAID, 63 AND --

1394
00:41:55,079 --> 00:41:57,081
EXPEDITION 63 AND 64

1395
00:41:57,081 --> 00:41:57,948
IS FLYING NOW.

1396
00:41:57,948 --> 00:41:59,216
SO, RESULT OF

1397
00:41:59,216 --> 00:42:00,985
OUR FIRST TECHNICAL

1398
00:42:00,985 --> 00:42:02,253
AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIMENT

1399
00:42:02,253 --> 00:42:04,355
WAS SUCCESSFUL.

1400
00:42:04,355 --> 00:42:06,757
>> GINGER?

1401
00:42:06,757 --> 00:42:08,392
>> I'D LIKE TO BUILD ON

1402
00:42:08,392 --> 00:42:09,627
WHAT SERGEI, SHEP,

1403
00:42:09,627 --> 00:42:11,362
AND YURI SAID WITH RESPECT TO

1404
00:42:11,362 --> 00:42:13,864
THE-THE MARVEL OF CONSTRUCTION

1405
00:42:13,864 --> 00:42:14,932
THAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL

1406
00:42:14,932 --> 00:42:15,799
SPACE STATION.

1407
00:42:15,799 --> 00:42:18,168
I THINK THEY WERE ABLE TO

1408
00:42:18,168 --> 00:42:19,136
SET THE TONE,

1409
00:42:19,136 --> 00:42:20,304
THE EXPEDITION 1 CREW

1410
00:42:20,304 --> 00:42:21,171
AND THE INTERNATIONAL

1411
00:42:21,171 --> 00:42:22,106
SPACE STATION PROGRAM,

1412
00:42:22,106 --> 00:42:23,641
THAT THE WORLD SHOULD FOLLOW.

1413
00:42:23,641 --> 00:42:24,074
YOU KNOW,

1414
00:42:24,074 --> 00:42:25,376
WHEN YOU LOOK IN THE NEWS TODAY

1415
00:42:25,376 --> 00:42:26,644
AND YOU SEE OUR

1416
00:42:26,644 --> 00:42:28,045
COUNTRY IS NOT GETTING ALONG

1417
00:42:28,045 --> 00:42:29,046
OR OTHER COUNTRIES

1418
00:42:29,046 --> 00:42:30,514
NOT GETTING ALONG,

1419
00:42:30,514 --> 00:42:32,182
AND YET WHEN YOU WORK ON

1420
00:42:32,182 --> 00:42:33,350
A COMMON GOAL,

1421
00:42:33,350 --> 00:42:34,919
EVEN IF SOMETHING AS COMPLICATED

1422
00:42:34,919 --> 00:42:36,453
AS THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

1423
00:42:36,453 --> 00:42:37,488
STATION,

1424
00:42:37,488 --> 00:42:39,056
WE HAVE PROVEN TO THE WORLD

1425
00:42:39,056 --> 00:42:41,025
THAT WHEN YOU'RE JOINED IN

1426
00:42:41,025 --> 00:42:41,892
A COMMON GOAL

1427
00:42:41,892 --> 00:42:43,027
THAT YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH

1428
00:42:43,027 --> 00:42:43,827
ANYTHING.

1429
00:42:43,827 --> 00:42:44,895
SO, I THINK THE ISS

1430
00:42:44,895 --> 00:42:46,664
SHOULD BE THE MODEL FOR

1431
00:42:46,664 --> 00:42:48,232
HOW THE WORLD SHOULD BE

1432
00:42:48,232 --> 00:42:49,099
GETTING ALONG

1433
00:42:49,099 --> 00:42:49,733
AND HOW THE WORLD

1434
00:42:49,733 --> 00:42:51,435
SHOULD BE MAKING BIGGER

1435
00:42:51,435 --> 00:42:53,871
AND BETTER THINGS TOGETHER.

1436
00:42:53,871 --> 00:42:54,505
>> GEORGE ABBEY,

1437
00:42:54,505 --> 00:42:55,472
LET ME GIVE THE LAST WORD

1438
00:42:55,472 --> 00:42:56,540
TO YOU ON

1439
00:42:56,540 --> 00:42:58,108
WHAT THIS MISSION ACCOMPLISHED

1440
00:42:58,108 --> 00:43:00,277
AND WHAT IT'S MEANT.

1441
00:43:00,277 --> 00:43:02,079
>> WELL, I WAS CONVINCED THAT

1442
00:43:02,079 --> 00:43:03,280
BEFORE THIS MISSION,

1443
00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:05,249
THAT IF WE'RE GOING TO

1444
00:43:05,249 --> 00:43:05,950
EXPLORE SPACE,

1445
00:43:05,950 --> 00:43:07,384
WE NEED TO DO THAT WORKING

1446
00:43:07,384 --> 00:43:08,619
INTERNATIONALLY.

1447
00:43:08,619 --> 00:43:09,620
THAT IT'S MUCH BETTER

1448
00:43:09,620 --> 00:43:10,888
TO WORK WITH PARTNERS.

1449
00:43:10,888 --> 00:43:12,923
AND I THINK THIS FIRST CREW

1450
00:43:12,923 --> 00:43:15,059
PROVED THAT.

1451
00:43:15,059 --> 00:43:17,494
WE HAD COMPONENTS

1452
00:43:17,494 --> 00:43:18,529
AND SYSTEMS THAT WERE BUILT

1453
00:43:18,529 --> 00:43:19,430
ALL OVER THE WORLD.

1454
00:43:19,430 --> 00:43:20,331
AND THEY CAME TOGETHER

1455
00:43:20,331 --> 00:43:23,033
FOR THE FIRST TIME IN SPACE

1456
00:43:23,033 --> 00:43:23,734
AND THIS CREW

1457
00:43:23,734 --> 00:43:24,935
WAS ABLE TO DEAL WITH THEM

1458
00:43:24,935 --> 00:43:26,136
AND PUT THEM TOGETHER

1459
00:43:26,136 --> 00:43:27,504
AND MAKE THEM ALL WORK.

1460
00:43:27,504 --> 00:43:29,173
AND THAT PROVIDED

1461
00:43:29,173 --> 00:43:30,507
A GOOD FOUNDATION

1462
00:43:30,507 --> 00:43:31,909
TO BUILD ON THE 20 YEARS

1463
00:43:31,909 --> 00:43:32,643
THAT FOLLOWED

1464
00:43:32,643 --> 00:43:34,211
ON THE SPACE STATION.

1465
00:43:34,211 --> 00:43:35,813
AND, AS GINGER SAID,

1466
00:43:35,813 --> 00:43:36,547
THIS IS A MODEL --

1467
00:43:36,547 --> 00:43:37,481
SHOULD BE A MODEL FOR

1468
00:43:37,481 --> 00:43:38,315
WHAT WE SHOULD DO

1469
00:43:38,315 --> 00:43:39,717
IN THE FUTURE BECAUSE,

1470
00:43:39,717 --> 00:43:40,617
AS WE LOOK --

1471
00:43:40,617 --> 00:43:42,619
WHEN WE HONOR ITS ORBIT,

1472
00:43:42,619 --> 00:43:43,654
GOING BACK TO THE MOON

1473
00:43:43,654 --> 00:43:45,356
AND MAYBE SOMEDAY TO MARS,

1474
00:43:45,356 --> 00:43:46,023
WE OUGHT TO BE

1475
00:43:46,023 --> 00:43:47,124
DOING IT INTERNATIONALLY

1476
00:43:47,124 --> 00:43:48,959
AND DO IT IN THE SAME WAY

1477
00:43:48,959 --> 00:43:49,994
THAT WE ARE WORKING TOGETHER

1478
00:43:49,994 --> 00:43:50,728
ON THE INTERNATIONAL

1479
00:43:50,728 --> 00:43:52,029
SPACE STATION.

1480
00:43:52,029 --> 00:43:53,564
IT IS TRULY A MODEL OF

1481
00:43:53,564 --> 00:43:55,232
HOW ONE CAN WORK WITH

1482
00:43:55,232 --> 00:43:56,100
OTHER COUNTRIES

1483
00:43:56,100 --> 00:43:57,701
AND NOT ONLY WITH RUSSIA,

1484
00:43:57,701 --> 00:43:58,836
BUT ALL THE PARTNERSHIPS

1485
00:43:58,836 --> 00:44:00,170
THAT WE FORMED WITH

1486
00:44:00,170 --> 00:44:02,806
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

1487
00:44:02,806 --> 00:44:03,474
>> AND WITH THAT,

1488
00:44:03,474 --> 00:44:04,408
I WANT TO THANK YOU ALL

1489
00:44:04,408 --> 00:44:06,010
FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION TODAY

1490
00:44:06,010 --> 00:44:07,044
AND THANK YOU ALL

1491
00:44:07,044 --> 00:44:08,445
FOR YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS,

1492
00:44:08,445 --> 00:44:10,848
THE SCIENCE AND COOPERATION

1493
00:44:10,848 --> 00:44:12,282
INTERNATIONALLY.

1494
00:44:12,282 --> 00:44:13,717
AND ON BEHALF OF NASA

1495
00:44:13,717 --> 00:44:15,019
AND SPACE FOUNDATION,

1496
00:44:15,019 --> 00:44:15,986
THANKS TO ALL OF YOU

1497
00:44:15,986 --> 00:44:18,022
WHO ARE WATCHING US TODAY.

1498
00:44:18,022 --> 00:44:20,524
THERE WILL BE MORE ISS 20

1499
00:44:20,524 --> 00:44:22,760
AT THE ANNIVERSARY PROGRAMMING

1500
00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:24,328
ON NASA TELEVISION AND

1501
00:44:24,328 --> 00:44:26,130
ALSO ON THE SPACE FOUNDATION'S

1502
00:44:26,130 --> 00:44:28,632
NEW ONLINE DIGITAL PLATFORM,

1503
00:44:28,632 --> 00:44:30,834
SPACE SYMPOSIUM 365.

1504
00:44:30,834 --> 00:44:32,136
YOU CAN LEARN MORE ABOUT THAT

1505
00:44:32,136 --> 00:44:32,903
BY GOING TO

1506
00:44:32,903 --> 00:44:38,042
WWW.SPACESYMPOSIUM365.ORG

1507
00:44:38,042 --> 00:44:39,176
I'M JEANNE MESERVE,

1508
00:44:39,176 --> 00:44:41,245
PLEASE, ALL OF YOU STAY WELL.