[ MUSIC ]
>> HELLO, I'M JEANNE MESERVE
AND WE ARE MARKING
AN IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARY.
TWENTY YEARS AGO,
THREE MEN EMBARKED ON A JOURNEY;
A JOURNEY TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION WHERE THEY BECAME
THE FIRST FULL-TIME INHABITANTS.
WE ARE NOW MARKING
TWO DECADES OF HABITATION,
COOPERATION, AND INVESTIGATION.
TODAY, WE'RE GOING TO BE
TALKING ABOUT WHAT'S BEEN
DONE UP THERE,
WHAT IT HAS MEANT,
AND WE'RE GOING TO DO THAT
BY TALKING TO THE CREW
OF EXPEDITION 1
AND SOME OF THOSE
WHO SUPPORTED THEM.
THIS CONVERSATION IS BROUGHT TO
YOU BY THE TEAM AT NASA
AND BY THE SPACE FOUNDATION
WITH THE SUPPORT OF BOEING.
WE HAD HOPED TO DO THIS
CONVERSATION IN PERSON
AT THE SPACE SYMPOSIUM,
BUT COVID.
SO, LET ME INTRODUCE TO YOU
OUR GUESTS TODAY
JOINING US VIRTUALLY.
FIRST, THE MEMBERS OF THE CREW.
WE HAVE THE COMMANDER,
WHO IS WITH US, BILL SHEPHERD.
HE JOINS US FROM VIRGINIA.
ALSO, WITH US FROM RUSSIA,
HIS CREW MATES SERGEI KRIKALEV
AND ALSO YURI GIDZENKO.
ALSO JOINING US FROM TEXAS,
A MAN WHOSE VISION
AND MANAGEMENT AND OVERSIGHT
WAS CRUCIAL TO THE SUCCESS
OF THE MISSION, GEORGE ABBEY.
HE WAS- HE IS
THE FORMER DIRECTOR
OF THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.
AND ALSO JOINING US
IS GINGER KERRICK OF NASA
WHO IS THE RUSSIAN TRAINING
INTEGRATION INSTRUCTOR
FOR EXPEDITION 1.
GREAT TO HAVE YOU ALL
WITH US HERE TODAY.
GEORGE ABBEY,
I'D LOVE TO START WITH YOU
AND GET A SENSE OF WHAT YOU
HOPED FOR FROM THIS MISSION.
WHAT WAS YOUR GOAL?
WHAT DID NASA THINK
IT WOULD GET OUT OF THIS?
>> WELL, I THOUGHT IT WAS
VERY IMPORTANT THAT WE PARTNER
WITH OUR RUSSIAN COLLEAGUES.
WE WERE WORKING
ON A SPACE STATION
AND HAD BEEN WORKING ON IT
FOR SOME PERIOD OF TIME
AND WERE NOT TOO SUCCESSFUL,
SO, WE WENT THROUGH A REDESIGN.
AND, UH, I THOUGHT
IT WAS IMPORTANT TO BRING
OUR RUSSIAN COLLEAGUES IN ON IT
AND MAKE THEM A PART
OF THE PROGRAM.
AND, UH, ACTUALLY,
THE PROGRAM STARTED
WITH THE SHUTTLE MIR,
WHICH WAS THE RUSSIAN
SPACE STATION.
AND, UH, THAT GAVE US
AN OPPORTUNITY TO GET SOME
EXPERIENCE ON SPACE STATIONS
AS WE WERE NOT
FLYING A SPACE STATION
AND WE WERE ABLE
TO WORK WITH THE RUSSIANS
AND DO THAT ON THE MIR PROGRAM,
AT THE SAME TIME
PARTNERING WITH THEM ON
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
AND IT TURNED OUT TO BE
AN EXCELLENT PARTNERSHIP
AND I THINK OUR SUCCESS
WAS REALLY, IN A LARGE PART,
DUE TO THE FACT THAT
WE HAD THAT PARTNERSHIP.
AND SO, AS WE WORKED THROUGH
THE SHUTTLE-MIR PROGRAM,
WE WERE LOOKING AHEAD
TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION AND FINALLY
BEING ABLE TO GET THAT
FIRST ELEMENT UP, AND THEN,
OF COURSE, GET THE CREW UP,
WHICH CAME ABOUT A YEAR
AND A HALF AFTER THAT
FIRST ELEMENT WENT UP.
SO, I WAS LOOKING FORWARD
TO THAT DAY AND-
WITH GREAT EXPECTATIONS
AND GREAT HOPE THAT
WE WOULD FINALLY
GET THE PROGRAM UNDERWAY
AND GET THAT FIRST
CREW UP THERE,
WHICH WE DID
AND WE ARE FORTUNATE
TO HAVE ALL THREE CREW MEMBERS
WITH US THIS MORNING.
>> AND I WANTED TO ASK YOU
ABOUT THESE THREE CREW MEMBERS.
WHY WERE THESE THREE
PICKED FOR EXPEDITION 1?
>> WELL, I THINK THEY
WERE PICKED BASED
ON THEIR EXPERIENCE
AND THEIR BACKGROUND.
WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE
THAT FIRST CREW WAS
AN EXPERIENCED CREW
AND IT WAS GOING TO BE
THE FIRST TIME IN SPACE
WITH A SPACE STATION
AND WE WANTED SOMEONE WHO HAD
BEEN UP THERE BEFORE
AND ALSO COULD WORK
IN THAT ENVIRONMENT,
AND IF THERE WERE PROBLEMS,
COULD DEAL WITH THEM.
AND WE SELECTED A CREW,
OR WE HAD HIGH CONFIDENCE
WITH THE THREE CREWMEN
THAT THEY WOULD BE
ABLE TO DO THAT.
AND THAT TURNED OUT
TO BE CERTAINLY THE CASE
AND WE WERE FORTUNATE
TO HAVE ALL THREE OF THEM
UP THERE AS WE WENT THROUGH
THAT-THAT FIRST STEP
ON EXPEDITION 1.
>> UM, GINGER, YOU ENDED UP
WORKING WITH THESE GUYS
FOR YEARS, GETTING THEM
READY FOR THIS MISSION.
WOULD YOU AGREE THIS
WAS THE RIGHT COMBINATION
OF PERSONALITIES AND SKILLS?
>> OH, ABSOLUTELY!
FROM DAY ONE.
YOU KNOW, YOU'VE GOT TO
REMEMBER THIS IS THE FIRST TIME
WE WERE TRAINING A CREW
FOR THE SPACE STATION, SO,
WE WERE BUILDING IT
AS WE WENT ALONG.
AND ALL THREE OF THE CREW
MEMBERS WERE QUICK TO IDENTIFY
GAPS IN THE SUPPORT PLAN
THAT WE HAD PUT FORWARD,
NOT ONLY FOR TRAINING,
BUT FOR OPERATIONS.
SO, THEY WERE
THE PERFECT PEOPLE.
IT TOOK COURAGE FOR THEM
TO STEP OUT AND TRY TO ESTABLISH
A NEW TRAINING PARADIGM,
A NEW OPERATIONS PARADIGM
AND THEY PROVED TO BE
SUCCESSFUL ONCE THEY
EXECUTED THEIR MISSION.
>> UM, SERGEI, I'D LIKE TO ASK
YOU AND SHEP BOTH,
YOU WERE BOTH COME OUT
OF A MILITARY BACKGROUND
WHERE YOU WERE TRAINED
TO VIEW ONE ANOTHER
AS ADVERSARIES.
HERE YOU'RE PUT IN THIS
SITUATION WHERE YOU'RE GOING TO
INTERACT COOPERATIVELY.
WAS THAT A DIFFICULT TRANSITION
OR DID THAT COME
NATURALLY TO BOTH OF YOU?
>> SERGEI, WHY DON'T YOU
GO AHEAD?
>> OKAY, UH, FIRST,
I CAME NOT FROM
MILITARY BACKGROUND.
>> OH!
>> SO, THAT'S ONE POINT.
AND SECOND, AND MAYBE
MOST IMPORTANT, THAT THIS
WAS NOT THE FIRST EXPERIENCE.
MY FIRST-FIRST SPACE FLIGHT
WAS INTERNATIONAL MISSION
TOGETHER WITH FRENCH,
YOU KNOW, OF COURSE THAT.
BUT ALSO BEFORE THAT,
BEFORE, UH, THIS MISSION
I WAS TRAINED AND FLEW
TWICE ON SHUTTLE.
FIRST-FIRST FLIGHT
WAS ON STS-16.
WE WERE TRAINED TOGETHER.
[INDISCERNIBLE] WAS THE
COMMANDER OF THIS MISSION.
AND MY SECOND FLIGHT
ON SHUTTLE WAS ACTUALLY
FIRST ASSEMBLY MISSION.
SO, FIRST STATION
ASSEMBLY MISSION ON STS-88
WITH BOB CABANA
AS THE COMMANDER.
SO, IT WAS NOT, UH,
THE FIRST EXPERIENCE.
AND ACTUALLY, EVEN BEFORE US,
MANY YEARS AGO WAS VERY GOOD
EXAMPLE OF GOOD, UM, UH,
RELATIONS AND GOOD PARTNERSHIP,
UH, STUFF FROM OUT
BY [INDISCERNIBLE].
SO, WE WERE BASED
ON PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE
AND, UH, WE WERE READY
FOR GOOD COOPERATION.
AND THAT'S WHY I THINK
EVERYTHING WENT VERY SMOOTH,
FROM MY POINT OF VIEW.
NOW, SHEP, YOU DID HAVE
A MILITARY BACKGROUND.
I'M RIGHT THERE, AREN'T I?
>> YEAH, ACTUALLY, UH,
YURI AND I WERE REALLY
THE TWO MILITARY GUYS.
UM, JUMPING WAY AHEAD
IN THE ANSWER,
ONE OF MY MOST INTERESTING
MOMENTS WITH YURI IN SPACE
WAS LOOKING AT THE EARTH
AND HE WAS SAYING, OKAY,
I WAS A MIG-21 PILOT
AND I WAS STATIONED HERE.
AND HALF AN ORBIT LATER,
I WOULD SAY OKAY,
I WAS A NAVY SEAL
AND WE WERE HERE
AND HERE AND HERE.
AND THAT WAS A REALLY
INTERESTING DIALOGUE.
BUT, UM, I THINK, UH,
MY PERSONAL INTEREST
IN BEING PART OF THIS CREW
WAS TO TRY AND PUT
THE SPACE STATION
ON THE FOOTING OF EITHER
THE EARLY SPACE VOYAGES,
WHERE WE DID NOT HAVE A LOT
OF CONTACT WITH THE GROUND.
AND THAT SEEMS TO BE-
SEEMED TO ME TO BE
MUCH MORE LIKE, UH,
BEING ON A SHIP OR A SUBMARINE
THAN FLYING AN AIRPLANE.
SO, NASA HAD A SHUTTLE
PROGRAM WHICH WAS
BASICALLY AIRPLANE FLYING.
YOU KNOW, I THOUGHT WE WERE
DOING SOMETHING DIFFERENT
WITH SPACE STATION,
THAT'S WHY I REALLY WANTED TO
BE IN THE FIRST CREW.
UM, I WENT TO RUSSIA,
I HAD, UH, CERTAIN VIEWS
ON HOW THE PARTNERS
SHOULD INTERACT.
UH, AND-AND FORTUNATELY,
YURI AND SERGEI HELPED ME
MAYBE CHANGE MY VIEWS
QUITE A BIT ON WHAT I THOUGHT
WAS THE RIGHT WAY
TO DO THINGS.
AND SO, UH,
I WAS REALLY FORTUNATE TO HAVE
BOTH THOSE GUYS ON THE CREW
BECAUSE THEY TAUGHT ME A LOT.
>> UM, YURI,
FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE,
WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST
CHALLENGE HERE?
WAS IT ONE OF LANGUAGE?
WAS IT ONE OF CULTURE?
WAS IT THE
TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION?
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]
>> YES, WE HAD SOME DIFFICULTIES
AS WE JUST STARTED TRAINING
FOR THE MISSION.
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]
>> WE ARE BREAKING UP
A LITTLE BIT HERE.
UH, BUT YURI--
[ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]
>> YES, UH, WE DID
SOME DIFFICULTIES, BUT NOT
IN INTERACTION, AS FRIENDS,
OR AS, UH, CREW MEMBERS HERE--
FUTURE CREW MEMBERS.
WE HAD SOME DIFFICULTIES
IN PREPARATION BECAUSE
WE WERE JUST STARTING.
AND, UH, WE DIDN'T HAVE
ALL THE PROPER MATERIALS,
ALL THE SIMULATORS
WERE NOT UP TO PAR.
WE WERE JUST STARTING OUT
AND THAT WAS A DIFFICULTY
IN TRAINING,
NOT IN INTERACTION.
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]
>> JEANNE, IF I MIGHT-
IF I MIGHT SUGGEST,
WHY DON'T YOU ASK GINGER
IF SHE CAN EXPLAIN
WHAT BRAIN SHARING WAS?
>> BRAIN SHARING?
>> YEAH.
>> WE MIGHT PULL UP PICTURES--
>> MY APOLOGIES,
YOU'RE JUST BREAKING UP
A LITTLE BIT.
I THINK OLGA IS HAVING A LITTLE
BIT OF TROUBLE, UH,
MAKING OUT WHAT YOU'RE SAYING.
GINGER, DO YOU WANT
TO HOP IN HERE?
>> OH, SURE.
SO, ONE-ONE OF THE THINGS
THAT YURI WAS TALKING ABOUT
WAS IT WAS DIFFICULT TO TRAIN
WHEN YOU DIDN'T HAVE
TRAINING MATERIALS,
YOU DIDN'T HAVE ALL
THE RIGHT SIMULATIONS.
SO, WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME
WITH THE HARDWARE OWNERS,
THE HARDWARE DEVELOPERS.
AND THERE WAS ONE PARTICULAR
INSTANCE WHERE THIS
BRAIN SHARING NAME CAME TO BE.
SHEP HAD GONE
AND MET WITH SOME--
ONE OF THE HARDWARE DEVELOPERS
AND WAS ASKING A SERIES
OF QUESTIONS, YOU KNOW,
THREE OR FOUR QUESTIONS.
AND THEN SERGEI
WAS A LITTLE LATE,
SO SERGEI COMES IN AND HE LOOKS
AT THE HARDWARE
AND IMMEDIATELY,
SAME THREE OR FOUR QUESTIONS.
AND WE WERE JUST LIKE
OH, MY GOD!
THEY'RE SHARING A BRAIN
NOW, THESE TWO!
>> OH, I-I'M CURIOUS ABOUT
THE LANGUAGE ISSUE.
WHAT WAS THE LANGUAGE
THAT YOU SPOKE OF?
AND, SERGEI,
DO YOU WANT TO WEIGH IN?
>> I WANTED TO ADD MAYBE
WHAT SHEP SAID.
THE SHUTTLE WAS CLOSER
TO AIRPLANE IN THE WAY
OF OPERATING BECAUSE
IT WAS MOST OF THE TIME
IN THE [INDISCERNIBLE].
BUT ACTUALLY, WITH US,
UH, YURI AND I HAD
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE
AT FLYING ON MIR.
AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
AND WAY HOW WE, UH,
OPERATE ON THE STATION
WAS VERY SIMILAR
TO WHAT WE EXPECTED
TO BE ON ISS,
ESPECIALLY FOR FIRST EXPEDITION
WHERE WE HAVE
VERY LIMITED COMM.
WE HAD TO MAKE DECISIONS OURSELF
IN CASE OF MALFUNCTION
AND WE HAVE TO BE
MORE OR LESS SELF-SUFFICIENT.
SO, AS I SAID, UH,
IT WAS VERY INTERESTING
ALSO BECAUSE A LOT OF NEW THINGS
HAD TO HAPPEN AROUND
THIS FIRST MISSION.
AND THAT'S WHY WE--
EXACTLY WHAT SHEP SAID,
IT'S MORE LIKE SOMEBODY
IN A SHIP AT SEA.
>> UM, LANGUAGE?
I, IN TALKING TO ALL OF YOU,
CAN SEE THAT THE--
THAT SHEP AND GINGER SPOKE-
BOTH SPEAK SOME RUSSIAN.
YURI AND SERGEI,
YOU SPEAK ENGLISH.
WHAT WAS THE LANGUAGE, UH, UH,
ON THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION?
WHAT DID YOU SPEAK?
AND I WOULD PRESUME THAT
IN THAT KIND OF A SITUATION,
YOU REALLY HAVE TO BE THINKING
IN THE RIGHT LANGUAGE,
THAT YOU CAN'T BE GOING
FOR THE TRANSLATION PROCESS.
>> YEAH, I THINK WE WENT
BACK AND FORTH QUITE A BIT,
YURI, GO AHEAD.
>> UH, UM,
FROM THE BEGINNING,
I HAD SOME CHALLENGES
BECAUSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
WAS DIFFICULT FOR ME.
[ INAUDIBLE ]
BUT THERE WERE ENGLISH CLASSES
IN RUSSIA, IN, UH, HOUSTON.
THEY HAD, UH,
[ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]
EXPLANATION-EXPLANATION
ABOUT SOME THINGS.
AND, UH, AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS,
I MEAN, IN A YEAR.
BECAUSE THAT WAS NOT VERY
IMPORTANT FOR ME AS SPEAKER.
[ INAUDIBLE ]
I THINK THE SAME WAS FOR SHEP.
>> YEAH, I-I THOUGHT
INITIALLY THAT, UH,
BECAUSE THE UNITED STATES
HAD AN AGREEMENT
WITH THE OTHER PARTNERS
WHERE WE SAID ENGLISH
WAS GOING TO BE
THE STANDARD LANGUAGE,
THAT WOULD BE THE WAY TO GO.
BUT I GOT TO RUSSIA
AND WAS WORKING WITH MANY
OF THE ENGINEERS,
TECHNICIANS, AND MANAGERS.
SOME OF THESE PEOPLE HELPED
TO PUT SPUTNIK IN SPACE
AND LAUNCHED [INDISCERNIBLE],
AND THESE PEOPLE
WERE STILL THERE.
AND SO, I THOUGHT-- I SAID,
WELL, WE'RE NOT GOING
TO COMPLETELY INVERT
THE RUSSIAN SPACE SYSTEM
BECAUSE WE LIKE ENGLISH.
BUT EVEN BEYOND THAT,
IN ORDER FOR-- IT'S NOT ENOUGH
TO KNOW WHAT THE RUSSIANS DID.
THE KEY ELEMENT OF MAKING
A SPACE STATION WORK
WAS TO UNDERSTAND
WHY THE RUSSIANS APPROACHED
PROBLEMS A CERTAIN WAY.
AND THE ONLY METHOD BY WHICH
WE WERE REALLY GOING
TO GET TO THAT WAS IF
WE COULD TALK TO ALL
THESE PEOPLE IN RUSSIAN.
SO, UH, THAT BECAME
THE WAY WE OPERATED.
IF WE COULD PULL UP, UH,
PICTURE NUMBER FOUR,
I'LL SHOW YOU, UH,
KIND OF ONE OF THE CRUTCHES
WE USED TO GET BY THAT.
AND IF WE CAN DO SOME
SCREEN SHARING HERE.
YEAH, WHAT THIS IS,
IT'S GOING TO BE A PICTURE OF ME
IN ONE OF THE TRAINING MOCK-UPS
AND A BIG SHEET OF PAPER
TO THE RIGHT IS
A-A BIG SCHEMATIC DRAWING
OF THE AIR PURIFICATION
SYSTEM THAT I'M WORKING ON.
AND OUR EFFORT,
THE EARLY-ON IN
THE SPACE STATION TRAINING
WAS TO CREATE VERY
UNDERSTANDABLE GRAPHIC DIAGRAMS
OF ALL THE SYSTEMS
THAT WE HAD TO USE.
AND I-I, GINGER,
CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG,
I THINK WE STILL USE
THESE TODAY.
>> YES, WE STILL
USE THOSE TODAY.
>> AND FOR ME,
THAT WAS A BIG HELP
BECAUSE, UH, A LOT OF TIMES,
I COULD GO THROUGH CLASS
AND I-I COULD LOOK
AT THE DIAGRAM.
AND EVEN IF I DIDN'T GET 100%
WHAT THE INSTRUCTOR
WAS TRYING TO TEACH US,
I COULD-I COULD MAKE SENSE
OUT OF IT BY REFERRING
TO THE DIAGRAM.
>> SO, UM, GINGER OR SHEP,
I'M CURIOUS AS TO WHETHER
THE RUSSIANS HAD
A VERY DIFFERENT
APPROACH TO TRAINING,
IF THERE WERE THINGS THAT
YOU LEARNED, UM,
FROM PARTICIPATING IN RUSSIA
THAT MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN
OBVIOUS TO YOU--
TO YOU PREVIOUSLY.
>> YEAH, UM, YOU KNOW,
THEY BROKE DOWN LESSONS
INTO THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL
AND YOU WOULD GET ALL
OF YOUR THEORETICAL LESSONS
AND THEN DO YOUR
PRACTICAL LESSONS.
THEY HAD LESS OF A RELIANCE
ON DIAGRAMS AND DOCUMENTATION
BECAUSE THEY HAD--
THE PEOPLE TEACHING
THE CLASSES WERE EXPERTS
AND KNEW THAT INFORMATION
INSIDE AND OUT,
WHEREAS, ON THE U.S. SIDE,
WE WERE ALL STARTING UP.
A LOT OF THE INSTRUCTORS
WERE YOUNG.
I WAS YOUNG AT THAT TIME
AND SO, UM, WE WERE
DEVELOPING MATERIALS
AND WE DIDN'T
HAVE THE EXPERTISE.
SO, IT WAS, UM, INTERESTING
TO SEE THE DICHOTOMY
BETWEEN THE U.S. APPROACH
AND THE RUSSIAN APPROACH,
UH, BUT WE LEARNED
A LOT FROM EACH OTHER.
AND I THINK EACH OF US
ADAPTED OUR, UH, APPROACHES
SO THAT WE WERE BOTH
BETTER OFF IN THE END.
>> SERGEI, WE'D LOVE TO HEAR
YOUR PERSPECTIVE
FROM THE RUSSIAN SIDE.
DID THE AMERICANS HAVE
SOMETHING TO TEACH YOU?
>> UH, ACTUALLY,
GINGER IS CORRECT.
WE WERE LEARNING
FROM EACH OTHER.
AND TURNING BACK TO
YOUR PREVIOUS QUESTION OF
WHAT WAS THE LANGUAGE BARRIER,
SHEP WAS SPEAKING SOME RUSSIAN,
WE WERE SPEAKING SOME ENGLISH.
SO, WE CALLED THIS MIXTURE
OF LANGUAGES RUNGISH.
AND THAT'S WHAT WE USED
DURING THE MISSION.
WE ACTUALLY HAD THIS NAME
WHEN I WAS TRAINING FOR
SHUTTLE-SHUTTLE FLIGHT.
AND ACTUALLY,
FOR US IT WAS VERY INTERESTING
CHANGE OF EXPERIENCE BECAUSE
WE WERE, UH, GINGER IS RIGHT,
WE WERE BASED MORE
ON THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE
OF THE SYSTEM AND PREPARATION
FOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT.
AND, UH, IT WAS ESSENTIAL
THAT WE-WE WERE NOT ABLE
TO REPEAT, UH, EVERY STEP
FOR SEVERAL TIMES
GETTING READY FOR THE FLIGHT
BECAUSE FLIGHT ITSELF
IS, UH, LONG.
AND YOU CANNOT DO
KIND OF USUAL REHEARSAL.
BUT IN SHUTTLE, IT'S POSSIBLE
TO DO AND TRAINING FOR
SHORT-DURATION FLIGHT
IS LITTLE DIFFERENT.
YOU KNOW, BUT WHAT WE LEARNED
THAT WE CAN USE MORE, UH,
COMPUTER-COMPUTER-GENERATED
LESSONS OR MOCK-UP SIMULATORS.
UM, BEFORE THAT,
COMPUTER WAS NOT AS AVAILABLE
AND WE HAD TO HAVE
ALL THIS DIAGRAM IN OUR HEAD.
WE HAD TO UNDERSTAND
HOW SYSTEM WORKED.
UH, AND IT ACTUALLY
HAD SOME ADVANTAGES
BECAUSE IF YOU WERE WORKING
IN STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENT
AND LIMITED AMOUNT OF TIME,
SOMETIMES IT IS BETTER
TO HAVE EVERYTHING IN YOUR HEAD,
ALTHOUGH IT IS MORE DIFFICULT
TO, UH, TO BUILD UP
THIS KNOWLEDGE.
BUT, AS WE SAID, WE WERE
LEARNING FROM EACH OTHER.
WE TRIED TO SHARE
OUR EXPERIENCE-EXPERIENCE
OF MIR MISSIONS
AND WE WERE LEARNING
FROM ALL THIS COMPUTER-SUPPORTED
TRAINING FROM, UH, U.S. SIDE.
AND I THINK, UH, AT THE END,
NOW WE HAVE SOME KIND OF
MIXED-MIXED SYSTEM
OF TRAINING CREW FOR NOW.
ACTUALLY, IT MIGHT BE,
WELL, MORE DIFFICULT
THAN WE HAD IN THE BEGINNING.
NO ONE EXACTLY KNEW
WHAT-WHAT
KIND OF KNOWLEDGE
WE WILL NEED IN FLIGHT.
SO, FOR THIS PURPOSE,
IN CASE OF THIS UNCERTAINTY,
WE HAD TO HAVE
M-MORE INFORMATION
THAT WE REALLY NEEDED
BECAUSE NO ONE KNEW
HOW MUCH INFORMATION
EXACTLY WE NEEDED.
AND I SEE NOW THE TRAINING
FOR SUBSEQUENT MISSIONS,
AND ESPECIALLY NOW,
ALLOW PEOPLE TO-TO LEARN
ONLY WHAT THEY REALLY
NEED FOR THE FLIGHT.
UH, IN OUR CASE,
WE LEARNED WITH SOME MARGIN
AND IT WAS REALLY INTERESTING.
>> UM, YURI, DID YOU WANT
TO WEIGH IN ON WHAT YOU
MIGHT HAVE LEARNED
FROM THE AMERICAN SIDE?
>> I AGREE WITH SERGEI.
THE [INDISCERNIBLE].
[ AUDIO BREAKING UP ]
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ]
>> IT WAS ACTUALLY INTERESTING
TO WORK TOGETHER
BECAUSE WE WERE LEARNING
FROM EACH OTHER AND DIFFERENT
APPROACHES HELPED US
TO UNDERSTAND THE STATIONS.
>> UM, GEORGE, WAS THIS
EXACTLY THE KIND OF SYNERGY
YOU WANTED TO SEE COME OUT
OF THIS INTERNATIONAL MISSION?
>> YES, IT WAS.
IT REALLY-REALLY TURNED OUT
JUST TO BE WHAT I
HAD HOPED IT TO BE.
AND WE HAD WORKED
WITH OUR RUSSIAN COLLEAGUES
BEFORE ON APOLLO SOYUZ,
THE FIRST JOINT FALCON MISSION.
AND SO, I HAD CONFIDENCE
THAT WE WOULD BE ABLE
TO WORK WITH THEM
AND IT WOULD REALLY TURN OUT
TO BE A-A GOOD, UH,
A GOOD PARTNERSHIP FOR RUSSIA
AND WE COULD LEARN FROM THEM
AND HOPEFULLY,
THEY COULD LEARN FROM US.
AND BETWEEN OUR TWO-
OUR TWO NATIONS,
WE WOULD COME UP
WITH A GREAT SPACE STATION.
AND I THINK THIS CREW
MADE IT ALL HAPPEN.
>> HEY, JEANNE,
ONE IMPORTANT POINT
THAT SERGEI TOUCHED ON
THAT I WANT TO-I WANT TO
DOUBLE-DOWN ON, IN HOUSTON,
WE HAD EXTENSIVE SIMULATORS
FOR THE SHUTTLE
AND THE-THE CREW SPENT
HUNDREDS OF HOURS
IN THESE MACHINES.
AND QUITE OFTEN,
WE WOULD BE SITTING,
WAITING FOR THE COMPUTERS
TO COME UP BECAUSE
THE SIM HAD CRASHED.
AND IT HAPPENED LIKE
TWICE A DAY.
AND IT TOOK ABOUT
30 OR 40 MINUTES TO REBOOT
THE COMPUTERS AND GET
EVERYTHING RUNNING AGAIN.
WHEN I GOT TO STAR CITY
AND I ASKED THE INSTRUCTORS
THERE ABOUT THEIR
SOYUZ SIMULATOR AND HOW OFTEN
THEY HAD TO REBOOT IT
BECAUSE IT HAD CRASHED,
THE ANSWER WAS WELL, UH,
WE DO THIS MAYBE ONCE A YEAR.
AND SO, WHEN I FINISHED
THE SPACE STATION
AND I CAME BACK TO JOHNSON,
I WAS TRYING TO GET THE POINT
ACROSS TO SENIOR MANAGEMENT
THAT THE WAY THE RUSSIANS DESIGN
SOME THINGS IS REALLY GOOD
AND WE NEED TO LEARN FROM THIS.
UNFORTUNATELY, UH, YOU KNOW,
SPACE TECHNOLOGY
BEING WHAT IT IS,
WE HAVE A-WE HAVE
A FASCINATION,
PARTICULARLY IN THE STATES,
WITH THE MOST COMPLEX THINGS
WE CAN BUILD.
I'M NOT SURE THAT'S
THE RIGHT ANSWER.
>> GEORGE ABBEY,
I HAVE TO GIVE YOU A CHANCE
TO RESPOND TO THAT.
>> WELL, I THINK
I WOULD GO ALONG
WITH WHAT SHEP SAYS.
I THINK, UH, THE RUSSIAN, UH,
DESIGN APPROACH IS, UH,
IS A VERY GOOD ONE, AND, UH,
IT, UH, THEY, UH, THEY COME UP
WITH VERY RELIABLE EQUIPMENT
WITH VERY RELIABLE SYSTEMS.
AND, UH, I THINK
WE LEARN FROM THEM AND,
UH, HOPEFULLY WE CAN ADAPT, UH,
SOME OF THOSE LESSONS AND
INCORPORATE THEM
INTO OUR SPACECRAFT.
BUT, UH, YES, I AGREE WITH SHEP.
>> UH, GINGER, UH,
I'D LOVE TO TALK TO YOU
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT YOUR FEELINGS
AFTER WORKING WITH THESE GUYS
FOR YEARS.
UM, THEY'RE ABOUT TO TAKE OFF.
UM, TELL ME THAT STORY OF
WHAT THAT WAS LIKE AND WHAT
YOU FELT SEEING THEM LAUNCH.
>> YEAH, YOU KNOW,
I SPENT FOUR YEARS OF MY LIFE--
WHEREVER THIS CREW WAS,
THAT'S WHERE I WAS.
IF WE WERE IN [INDISTINCT]
OR KAZAKHSTAN
LOOKING AT THE SERVICE MODULE
BEFORE IT LAUNCHED,
I WAS RIGHT THERE WITH THEM.
IF WE WERE IN FLORIDA,
IF WE WERE IN, UM,
HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA OR
HOUSTON OR STAR CITY, RUSSIA.
SO, UM, WE FORMED
QUITE THE BOND.
UM, AND SO, ON LAUNCH DAY,
UM, I GOT TO GO TO THEIR LAUNCH.
AND IT WAS A FOGGY DAY AND
I REMEMBER WATCHING THEM
WALK UP THE STAIRS
OF THE LAUNCH VEHICLE.
AND AS SOON AS THAT HATCH SHUT,
I STARTED HYPERVENTILATING.
AND I KNOW THE SPACECRAFT,
I KNEW THAT THEY WERE
GOING TO BE SAFE,
BUT SOMETHING INSIDE ME SAID
MY FAMILY IS GOING ON A ROCKET
AND I COULD NOT HANDLE IT.
AND ONE OF THE RUSSIAN, UM,
HIGH-RANKING MILITARY OFFICIALS
NOTICED THAT,
PUT HIS ARM AROUND ME,
AND STARTING PARTING THE CROWD
TO TRY TO BRING ME
TO A CLOSER VIEW.
AND AS HE'S DOING THAT,
HE SAYS [SPEAKS RUSSIAN],
IT'S THE MOTHER OF THE CREW!
GET OUT OF THE WAY!
AND, UH, SO, HE PUT ME IN
A SPOT WHERE I COULD WATCH THEM
AND I WAS REASSURED
THAT EVERYTHING WAS
GOING TO BE OKAY.
BUT IT WAS WEIRD BECAUSE
I, YOU KNOW,
WE WERE A FAMILY OF FOUR
AND THREE OF THEM
WERE GOING TO SPACE.
>> AND SO,
THE THREE OF YOU ARRIVE
AT THE SPACE STATION.
I'D LOVE TO GET
YOUR FIRST IMPRESSIONS.
SERGEI, WHAT DID YOU FEEL?
WHAT DID YOU SEE?
WHAT DID YOU SMELL
AS YOU ARRIVED THERE?
>> ACTUALLY, UH, VER--
SERVICE MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION, UH,
IS VERY SIMILAR TO CORE MODULE
OF MIR STATION, UH,
UH, MECHANICALLY.
SO, THE ONLY DIFFERENCE
THAT I FELT THAT WE-
WE CAME TO THE STATION
AND IT WAS VERY NEW, VERY CLEAN.
UH, AND NOT COMPLETELY EMPTY,
BUT MUCH EMPTIER THAT, UH, YOU--
THIS, UH, SPACE HAPPENED TO BE
AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS OF,
UH, CREW LIVING THERE.
SO, I-I REMEMBER, UH, WE-WE WERE
DISCUSSING WITH THE DESIGNERS,
UH, ON THE GROUND
THAT MAYBE THAT TABLE
WE HAD, UH, IN THE MIDDLE
OF THIS, UH, BIG COMPARTMENT,
UH, CAN BE NOT ASSEMBLED
BECAUSE THE FULL PART,
MAYBE ONLY PART OF IT CAN EXIST.
BUT WHEN WE CAME,
THERE WAS NO TABLE.
WE SWITCHED ON LIGHTS AND
THE FIRST, UM, THING
WE NEED TO DO IS PREPARE, UH,
OUR TV DOWNLINK, UH, TO HAVE
THE TELECONFERENCE, UH,
FROM THE STATION.
YEAH, AND WE STOPPED TO, UH,
SEARCH FOR CONNECTORS.
UH, AND IT WAS
TYPICAL OPERATION,
BUT IT WAS, UH, VERY MEMORABLE.
SWITCHING ON LIGHT
FOR THE FIRST TIME WHEN WE CAME
TO AN ALMOST DARK STATION,
SWITCHING ON LIGHTS AND
IT BECAME VERY LIGHT.
>> HOT WATER.
>> AND TRYING TO, UH,
MAKE HOT WATER
BECAUSE FOR TWO DAYS,
WE WERE FLYING ON SOYUZ,
WE HAD ONLY SNACKS AND,
UH, COLD-COLD FOOD.
SO, WE KNEW
HOW SYSTEM WAS BUILT AND
STEPPED UP TO IT, UH,
HOT WATER TO HAVE, UH,
HOT DRINK ON THE STATION.
RIGHT, YURI IS RIGHT.
>> UM, YURI, THE-THE JOB
OF-OF YOUR CREW
PRIMARILY WAS TO SET UP HOUSE,
UH, ON THE SPACE STATION.
CAN YOU TALK TO US A LITTLE BIT
ABOUT-ABOUT THAT?
WHAT YOU HAD TO DO
WHEN YOU GO THERE,
BESIDES GETTING HOT WATER
FOR SOMETHING TO DRINK.
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ].
>> [ TRANSLATOR ] WELL,
AT FIRST I WANT TO SAY THAT
WHEN WE JUST GOT THERE,
UH, WE WERE NOT ABLE TO
OPEN THE HATCH RIGHT AWAY.
WE HAD STRUGGLE WITH
SERGEI WITH OUR LEGS,
WITH OUR ARMS, UH,
FOR MAYBE FIVE MINUTES.
AND WE WERE THINKING HOW COME?
WE JUST ARRIVED TO THE STATION
BUT WE ARE NOT ABLE TO GET IN.
>> [ SPEAKING RUSSIAN ].
>> [ TRANSLATOR ] AND, UH, AND
WE FINALLY OPENED THE HATCH
AND WE GOT IN.
AND SERGEI SAID,
WE TURNED ON THE LIGHT,
WE GOT SOME HOT WATER.
UH, WE ACTIVATED THE TOILET.
AND I REMEMBER, UH, SHEP SAID
"NOW, WE CAN LIVE.
"WE HAVE LIGHT,
"WE HAVE HOT WATER,
"AND WE HAVE A TOILET."
>> JEANNE, JUMPING IN AGAIN,
I THINK HISTORY MAY FORGET.
OUR FIRST CARGO SHIP
CAME UP ABOUT TEN DAYS
AFTER WE ARRIVED
AND YURI DID A GREAT JOB
OF DOCKING IT BECAUSE
IT WAS SUPPOSED TO
FIND US AUTOMATICALLY.
BUT IT CAME UP AND
IT WAS ACTING VERY STRANGELY.
AND YURI FLEW IT IN BY HAND.
MAYBE HE CAN TELL A LITTLE BIT--
YURI AND SERGEI CAN TELL
A LITTLE BIT
ABOUT HOW THAT WENT.
IT WAS A PRETTY BIG DEAL.
>> YEAH, IT WAS UNUSUAL DOCKING
BECAUSE, AS SHEP SAID,
THIS CARGO VEHICLE
WAS SUPPOSED TO APPROACH
AND THEN DOCK IN AUTOMATIC MODE.
BUT WHEN IT CAME FOR
ABOUT 100 METERS RANGE,
THEN IT STARTED TO WOBBLE
WHEN SEARCHING FOR DOCKING.
AND THIS OSCILLATION
BECAME SO BIG
THAT IT STARTED TO BE DANGEROUS.
AND FORTUNATELY,
WE HAD OPPORTUNITY TO
MANUAL CONTROL IT.
SO, WE HAD TO SWITCH
TO MANUAL CONTROL
AND YURI WAS CONTROLLING IT
BY HAND CONTROLS
INSTALLED IN THE STATION.
BUT NEXT ISSUE WAS THAT LENS
ON THE CAMERA
THAT WAS USED FOR --
FOR ALIGNING THE VEHICLE
WAS FOGGED
AND WE DIDN'T KNOW
WHAT IS THIS FOG.
IS IT KIND OF GLUE
OR SOMETHING ELSE
STICK TO THE WINDOW OF
THIS CAMERA OR SOMETHING ELSE.
SO, WE CALL THIS
REMOTE CONTROL --
VEHICLE REMOTE
TELEOPERATION MODE.
BUT THE PROBLEM WAS THAT
BECAUSE YURI CANNOT SEE STATION
AND TARGET WELL.
I WAS JUMPING TO WINDOW
AND WE HAVE WHAT WE SAID
TELE-TELEOPERATION MODE BECAUSE
I WAS LOOKING OUT OF THE WINDOW
TO GIVE SOME GUIDANCE TO YURI
AND YURI WAS TRYING TO
CONTROL IT,
TRYING TO USE SOME IMAGE
ON THE MONITOR
AND SOME INFORMATION
THAT HE GOT FROM ME
BECAUSE I WAS LOOKING DIRECTLY
AT THE APPROACHING VEHICLE.
SO FINALLY,
WE WERE ABLE TO STATION
THIS VEHICLE VERY CLOSE
TO THE STATION
AND ON SATELLITE.
THIS FOG ON THE LENS CAME OUT
AND WE WERE ABLE
FINALLY TO DOCK.
BUT IT WAS VERY UNUSUAL WAY
OF DOCKING VEHICLE.
BUT FORTUNATELY,
WE HAD VERY MANY LAYERS
OF REDUNDANCY
AND ONE OF THE LAYERS
WORKED OUT WELL AND
WE WERE ABLE TO
DO DOCKING SAFELY.
AND MAYBE SHEP CAN ADD SOMETHING
BECAUSE HE WAS MONITORING
AND RECORDING THIS FOR --
LOOKING AT US
JUMPING TO THE CONTROL PANEL
TO WINDOW AND BACK.
>> YEAH,
I THINK IT'S ONE OF
THE ISSUES OF, IF YOU WILL,
THE CULTURE.
RUSSIAN DESIGNS PUT IN MANY WAYS
TO GET THINGS DONE.
THERE'S LOTS OF REDUNDANCY
AND IN SOME PROGRAMS,
THE U.S. DOES NOT HAVE AS MUCH.
AND I THINK
THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS
IN THE FUTURE WE NEED TO
PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO.
>> SHEP, CAN YOU TELL US
WHAT THE AVERAGE DAY
WOULD HAVE BEEN LIKE?
THIS WAS OBVIOUSLY
AN UNUSUAL DAY
WHEN YOU HAD THIS DOCKING DRAMA.
BUT WHAT ABOUT THE AVERAGE DAY?
WHAT DID YOU GUYS DO?
DID YOU HAVE ASSIGNED
RESPONSIBILITIES?
DID YOU ALL DO
A LITTLE BIT OF EVERYTHING?
HOW DID IT GO?
>> WELL, I'VE GOTTA SAY THAT
I DON'T THINK YOU COULD SAY
WE HAD AN AVERAGE DAY.
AT LEAST NOT TOO MANY OF THEM.
BUT THIS WAS GOOD BECAUSE
WE WERE UP THERE
TO GET A LOT OF WORK DONE
AND EVERY DAY SEEMED TO HAVE
ITS OWN SET OF CHALLENGES.
WE GOT UP 6:30-ISH
IN THE MORNING.
I LIKE TO GET A CUP OF COFFEE
AND READ ON THE LAPTOP
WHERE THE PRINTOUTS KIND OF...
>> BIG CUP OF COFFEE!
>> ...WHAT THE GROUND
WANTED US TO DO.
BUT FROM THEN ON,
IT WAS KIND OF FREE-FOR-ALL.
THE ONE THING I DID ENJOY
WAS WE GOT TOGETHER
AROUND THE GALLEY TABLE.
ANOTHER STORY ABOUT THAT,
BUT THREE TIMES A DAY --
WE MADE A POINT
TO HAVE OUR MEALS TOGETHER.
AND THAT WAS A BIG PART OF
KEEPING EVERYBODY KIND OF
ON THE SAME PLAN OF THE DAY.
BUT I'LL LET-I'LL LET YURI
AND SERGEI TALK ABOUT
THEIR PERSPECTIVES.
>> YURI, TELL US
WHAT YOU THOUGHT.
[ NO AUDIBLE SPEECH ]
>> WE'RE REALLY HAVING TROUBLE
HEARING YOU.
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
>> WELL, MY IMPRESSION,
AFTER LOOKING BACK,
YOU KNOW, 20 YEARS BACK,
SEEMS LIKE
THE FIRST COUPLE OF WEEKS
WE WERE JUST WORKING
AND WORKING AND WORKING.
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
>> ESPECIALLY THE FIRST WEEK.
I THINK THE FIRST SHAVING
WE DID.
WE SHAVED PROBABLY LIKE
THREE DAYS AFTER WE ARRIVED.
AND MAYBE EVEN LATER
BECAUSE WE WERE NOT ABLE TO
FIND THE EQUIPMENT.
>> THE RAZOR.
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
>> BUT IT WAS
EXTREMELY INTERESTING.
VERY INTERESTING.
>> GEORGE, I'M CURIOUS
IF THERE EVER WAS TENSION
BETWEEN WHAT THE UNITED STATES
WANTED THE CREW TO BE DOING
AND WHAT THE RUSSIANS
WANTED THE CREW TO BE DOING.
>> NO, THERE WASN'T ANY OF
THAT KIND OF TENSION.
I THINK THAT HAVING WORKED WITH
THE RUSSIANS ON THE MIR PROGRAM,
THE SHUTTLE-MIR PROGRAM,
WE HAD DEVELOPED A LOT
OF CONFIDENCE IN EACH OTHER
AND CONFIDENCE
WHEN THEY MADE A DECISION
THAT THEY EXERCISED ALL OF --
EVERYTHING THAT NEEDED
TO BE DONE TO MAKE SURE
IT WAS A GOOD DECISION.
AND SO, WE LEARNED THAT
THOSE MISSIONS WITH THE CREW
OF THE MIR
AND WORKING WITH THE RUSSIANS
IN THEIR CONTROL CENTER
REALLY GAVE US A GOOD FOUNDATION
FOR MOVING INTO
THE ASSEMBLY FLIGHTS
AND FIRST FLIGHT WITH
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
SO, INITIALLY
ON THE SHUTTLE-MIR
WE HAD SOME TENSIONS,
BUT THAT HAD BEEN
WELL WORKED OUT
BY THE TIME WE WERE DOING --
THE FIRST MISSION TO
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
>> HEY, JEANNE,
I'VE GOTTA JUMP IN ON THAT
BECAUSE EARLY ON,
THE TWO CONTROL CENTERS,
FLYING THE ISS WAS KIND OF NEW
FOR BOTH OF THEM.
AND ABOUT --
FOR THE FIRST MAYBE TWO
OR THREE WEEKS OF THINGS,
OCCASIONALLY WE WOULD GET
CONFLICTING MARCHING ORDERS.
THINGS THAT HOUSTON HAD SAID
AND THEN THE CONTROL CENTER
IN MOSCOW CHANGED LATER.
AND IT WOULD GO BACK AND FORTH,
ALMOST ORBIT BY ORBIT SOMETIMES.
AND I-I GOT
REALLY FRUSTRATED ONE DAY
AND I GOT ON THE RADIO.
AND BOTH CONTROL CENTERS
CAN HEAR YOU WHEN YOU CAN
TALK TO THE GROUND STATION.
AND I SAID LOOK,
WE'RE THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION,
YOU GUYS HAVE TO COORDINATE
HAVING ONE PLAN
AND GIVE IT TO US
AND THAT'S THE ONE WE'LL DO.
WE'RE NOT DOING ONE PLAN
FOR MOSCOW
AND ONE PLAN FOR HOUSTON.
THEY-THEY JUST NEEDED
THAT LITTLE REMINDER AND
I WAS HAPPY TO GIVE IT TO THEM.
AND I'VE GOTTA SAY,
THAT WAS MY HAPPIEST DAY
IN SPACE.
>> SO, YOU GUYS
WERE LIVING TOGETHER IN
PRETTY TIGHT QUARTERS UP THERE.
HOW DID YOU GET ALONG?
I MEAN WERE THERE TENSIONS
THAT DEVELOPED?
WERE YOU EVER ABLE TO
HAVE PRIVACY?
WAS EVERYBODY CHUMMY?
WHO WANTS TO WEIGH IN FIRST?
>> STATION WAS NOT BIG
AT THAT TIME,
BUT I THINK IT WAS
STILL BIGGER THAN SHUTTLE --
SHUTTLE COCKPIT.
AND WE HAD ENOUGH ROOM
TO HAVE AT LEAST SOME PRIVACY.
BUT REALLY,
WE DON'T NEED MUCH PRIVACY
BECAUSE WE WERE
WORKING TOGETHER.
AND I WOULD LIKE TO RETURN BACK
MAYBE TO PREVIOUS QUESTION
WHEN SHEP SAID THAT
WE DIDN'T HAVE NORMAL DAY
BECAUSE EVERY DAY WAS SPECIAL.
AND I ALSO REMEMBER
ANOTHER INTERESTING THING.
WHEN WE WERE STILL ON THE GROUND
PREPARING FOR THE FLIGHT
AND WE WERE SHOWN TOOLS
WE ARE GOING TO HAVE
ON BOARD THE STATION.
ONE OF THE BIG TOOLS WAS,
I DON'T KNOW
HOW IT IS CALLED IN ENGLISH,
BUT LIKE A BIG CHUNK OF METAL
LIKE YOU OPEN THE DOOR OR SAFE.
BUT SHEP WAS LAUGHING SAYING
WHY DO WE NEED THIS BIG --
BIG HEAVY INSTRUMENT IN THERE?
WE SAID, "WELL, SHEP,
"LET'S TAKE IT JUST IN CASE."
AND I THINK MAYBE NOT ON FIRST,
BUT ON THE SECOND WEEK
WHEN WE WERE INSTALLING
ONE OF THE EQUIPMENT
THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO TAKE
LIKE 15 MINUTES TO INSTALL
AND WHEN WE HAD THE TRAINING
FOR THIS INSTALLATION
ON THE GROUND,
IT WAS VERY SIMPLE.
WE WOULD JUST PUT IT IN,
MAKE SEVERAL CONNECTIONS,
AND PUT FOUR BOLTS TO
HOLD THIS PIECE OF EQUIPMENT.
ON THE STATION,
MAYBE STATION WAS DEFORMED
A LITTLE BIT
FROM GROUND POSITION
AND FLIGHT POSITION, BUT REALLY,
WE NEED TO USE ALL HEAVY TOOLS
TO MAKE THIS PIECE OF EQUIPMENT
FIT IN THE PROPER PLACE.
AND IT WAS ALMOST LIKE,
I DON'T KNOW, SPECIAL ADVENTURE.
SO, EVERY DAY
WAS VERY ADVENTUROUS.
>> GINGER, WE TALKED
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT
HOW YOU FELT
SEEING THESE GUYS GO OFF,
THAT YOU WERE
THE MOTHER OF THE CREW.
ARE YOU STILL CLOSE
WITH THESE GUYS?
>> OH, VERY MUCH SO.
EVERY TIME I'M IN TOWN,
WELL, IN RUSSIA,
I ALWAYS TRY TO FIND YURI
AND SERGEI.
I THINK I SAW YURI
A COUPLE OF NOVEMBERS AGO
WHEN I WAS IN STAR CITY.
AND SERGEI MAKES MORE FREQUENT
TRIPS OUT TO THE U.S.
SO, HE WAS ABLE TO
MEET MY FIANCE HIS LAST TRIP
AND I'M HOPING THAT
THEY CAN BOTH MAKE IT
FOR THE WEDDING IN MARCH,
IF TRAVEL ALLOWS.
AND SHEP IS GOING TO BE
GIVING ME AWAY.
SO, YES, WE STILL STAY IN TOUCH.
WE HAVE FORMED, I THINK,
WHAT ARE LIFELONG FRIENDSHIPS.
AND I'M VERY THANKFUL TO NASA
FOR GIVING ME A JOB
THAT ALLOWED ME NOT ONLY
TO SUPPORT THE EXPEDITION 1
CREW IN THEIR MISSION,
BUT ALSO TO MAKE
SUCH GREAT FRIENDS.
>> WE'RE COMING DOWN TO
OUR LAST MINUTES
AND I'D LIKE TO GET,
FROM EACH OF YOU,
YOUR THOUGHTS ON
WHAT THE BIG TAKEAWAY
FROM YOUR MISSION WAS.
SHEP, WHY DON'T WE
START WITH YOU?
>> I THINK SPACE STATION,
PARTICULARLY EXPEDITION 1,
SET THE TONE FOR HOW CREWS
NEED TO OPERATE IN SPACE.
AND THAT WE CAN FLY REALLY BIG,
COMPLEX VEHICLE,
LOTS OF INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS.
AND WITH THE RIGHT GROUND
SUPPORT AND TRAINING,
WE CAN FIGURE OUT
HOW TO MAKE IT ALL WORK.
I THINK IT'S THE BLUEPRINT
FOR LARGER EXPEDITIONS
AND GOING, CERTAINLY,
TO THE MOON AND PROBABLY BEYOND
THAT TO MARS AND ELSEWHERE.
>> YURI, BIG TAKEAWAY
FROM THE MISSION?
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
>> YES.
I JUST WILL JOIN SHEP HERE
AND WANT TO ADD THAT
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE
FOR OUR MISSION WAS TO PREPARE
THE STATION FOR THE NEXT CREW.
SO, FOR CREW NUMBER TWO,
CREW NUMBER THREE, AND SO FORTH.
>> [SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
>> AND I JUST WANTED TO ADD THAT
RIGHT NOW ON THE STATION
WE HAVE ALREADY CREW NUMBER 63.
THIS IS MISSION NUMBER 63.
AND 64, THERE, AS WELL.
AND 63 IS GOING TO LAND TODAY.
>> 64 MISSIONS.
>> SERGEI, YOUR THOUGHTS ON
REFLECTING ON YOUR MISSION?
>> WELL, AS WE SAID AT THAT TIME
THAT THE GOAL OF OUR MISSION
WAS TO MAKE STATION ALIVE
BECAUSE WHEN WE CAME,
MOST OF THE STATION
WAS SHUT DOWN.
SOME OF THEM
WAS NOT EVEN INSTALLED.
AND SOME OF THEM,
INSTALLATION AND ACTIVATION
OF THE SYSTEM WAS LIFE CRITICAL.
SO, IF WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO
DO THIS ON TIME,
WE HAD TO STOP MISSION EARLY
AND RETURN BACK HOME.
SO, WE -- AS A CREW,
WE NEED TO BE VERY RELIABLE.
AND I THINK OUR CREW WAS ABLE TO
DO WHAT WE WERE SUPPOSED TO DO.
BUT I THINK OUR GOAL
WAS NOT ONLY PREPARE STATION
FOR FUTURE EXPERIMENTS,
I THINK SPACE STATION PROGRAM
ITSELF IS VERY BIG
AND INTERESTING
IN THE TECHNICAL EXPERIMENT.
WHAT WE DID ON EXPEDITION 1
WAS BIG TECHNICAL EXPERIMENT
BECAUSE WE WERE PUT
SOME THINGS TOGETHER.
WE WERE ACTIVATING THEM
IN UNUSUAL SITUATIONS.
AS WE SAID,
SOME OF THE HARDWARE
NEVER MET EACH OTHER
ON THE GROUND AND
WE HAD TO INSTALL IT IN SPACE
FOR THE FIRST TIME.
AND NOT EVERY TIME
IT WAS SMOOTH.
SO, I THINK IT WAS
VERY INTERESTING TECHNICAL
AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIMENT.
AND THE RESULT OF
THIS EXPERIMENT
WE ARE USING UP TO NOW
AND, AS YURI SAID, 63 AND --
EXPEDITION 63 AND 64
IS FLYING NOW.
SO, RESULT OF
OUR FIRST TECHNICAL
AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIMENT
WAS SUCCESSFUL.
>> GINGER?
>> I'D LIKE TO BUILD ON
WHAT SERGEI, SHEP,
AND YURI SAID WITH RESPECT TO
THE-THE MARVEL OF CONSTRUCTION
THAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
I THINK THEY WERE ABLE TO
SET THE TONE,
THE EXPEDITION 1 CREW
AND THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION PROGRAM,
THAT THE WORLD SHOULD FOLLOW.
YOU KNOW,
WHEN YOU LOOK IN THE NEWS TODAY
AND YOU SEE OUR
COUNTRY IS NOT GETTING ALONG
OR OTHER COUNTRIES
NOT GETTING ALONG,
AND YET WHEN YOU WORK ON
A COMMON GOAL,
EVEN IF SOMETHING AS COMPLICATED
AS THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION,
WE HAVE PROVEN TO THE WORLD
THAT WHEN YOU'RE JOINED IN
A COMMON GOAL
THAT YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH
ANYTHING.
SO, I THINK THE ISS
SHOULD BE THE MODEL FOR
HOW THE WORLD SHOULD BE
GETTING ALONG
AND HOW THE WORLD
SHOULD BE MAKING BIGGER
AND BETTER THINGS TOGETHER.
>> GEORGE ABBEY,
LET ME GIVE THE LAST WORD
TO YOU ON
WHAT THIS MISSION ACCOMPLISHED
AND WHAT IT'S MEANT.
>> WELL, I WAS CONVINCED THAT
BEFORE THIS MISSION,
THAT IF WE'RE GOING TO
EXPLORE SPACE,
WE NEED TO DO THAT WORKING
INTERNATIONALLY.
THAT IT'S MUCH BETTER
TO WORK WITH PARTNERS.
AND I THINK THIS FIRST CREW
PROVED THAT.
WE HAD COMPONENTS
AND SYSTEMS THAT WERE BUILT
ALL OVER THE WORLD.
AND THEY CAME TOGETHER
FOR THE FIRST TIME IN SPACE
AND THIS CREW
WAS ABLE TO DEAL WITH THEM
AND PUT THEM TOGETHER
AND MAKE THEM ALL WORK.
AND THAT PROVIDED
A GOOD FOUNDATION
TO BUILD ON THE 20 YEARS
THAT FOLLOWED
ON THE SPACE STATION.
AND, AS GINGER SAID,
THIS IS A MODEL --
SHOULD BE A MODEL FOR
WHAT WE SHOULD DO
IN THE FUTURE BECAUSE,
AS WE LOOK --
WHEN WE HONOR ITS ORBIT,
GOING BACK TO THE MOON
AND MAYBE SOMEDAY TO MARS,
WE OUGHT TO BE
DOING IT INTERNATIONALLY
AND DO IT IN THE SAME WAY
THAT WE ARE WORKING TOGETHER
ON THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
IT IS TRULY A MODEL OF
HOW ONE CAN WORK WITH
OTHER COUNTRIES
AND NOT ONLY WITH RUSSIA,
BUT ALL THE PARTNERSHIPS
THAT WE FORMED WITH
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
>> AND WITH THAT,
I WANT TO THANK YOU ALL
FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION TODAY
AND THANK YOU ALL
FOR YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS,
THE SCIENCE AND COOPERATION
INTERNATIONALLY.
AND ON BEHALF OF NASA
AND SPACE FOUNDATION,
THANKS TO ALL OF YOU
WHO ARE WATCHING US TODAY.
THERE WILL BE MORE ISS 20
AT THE ANNIVERSARY PROGRAMMING
ON NASA TELEVISION AND
ALSO ON THE SPACE FOUNDATION'S
NEW ONLINE DIGITAL PLATFORM,
SPACE SYMPOSIUM 365.
YOU CAN LEARN MORE ABOUT THAT
BY GOING TO
WWW.SPACESYMPOSIUM365.ORG
I'M JEANNE MESERVE,
PLEASE, ALL OF YOU STAY WELL.