1 00:00:00,133 --> 00:00:04,070 IGNITION SEQUENCE STARTS. 2 00:00:04,137 --> 00:00:05,205 >> GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO 3 00:00:05,271 --> 00:00:07,741 THIS LOOK OVER THE SHOULDERS OF 4 00:00:07,807 --> 00:00:09,008 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 5 00:00:09,075 --> 00:00:12,679 FLIGHT CONTROL TEAM ON CONSOLE 6 00:00:12,746 --> 00:00:17,984 AT NASA'S JOHNSON SPACE CENTER. 7 00:00:18,051 --> 00:00:22,489 THEY ASSIST THE EXPEDITION 66 8 00:00:22,555 --> 00:00:23,590 CREW MEMBERS AS THEY WORK WITH 9 00:00:23,656 --> 00:00:26,226 THROUGH DAILY AGENDA AND STATION 10 00:00:26,292 --> 00:00:27,293 MAINTENANCE. 11 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:30,530 COMMANDER ANTON HAVE BEEN BUSY 12 00:00:30,597 --> 00:00:32,298 WITH ALL OF THAT ON TOP OF THEIR 13 00:00:32,365 --> 00:00:34,868 WORK SUM PORTING THE ARRIVAL OF 14 00:00:34,934 --> 00:00:37,370 THREE SHORT TERM CREWMATES WHO 15 00:00:37,437 --> 00:00:44,444 DOCK IN A SOYUZ SPACECRAFT. 16 00:00:44,511 --> 00:00:46,646 WELCOME TO THE 400TH EPISODE OF 17 00:00:46,713 --> 00:00:48,915 SPACE TO GROUND. 18 00:00:48,982 --> 00:00:50,417 TWO JAPANESE PARTICIPANTS 19 00:00:50,483 --> 00:00:51,584 ARRIVED AT THE ORBITING 20 00:00:51,651 --> 00:00:53,820 LABORATORY EARLIER THIS WEEK. 21 00:00:53,887 --> 00:00:56,089 ON WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8TH, 22 00:00:56,156 --> 00:00:57,424 THREE PEOPLE LAUNCH TO DO THE 23 00:00:57,490 --> 00:00:58,057 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 24 00:00:58,124 --> 00:01:01,127 ABOARD THE SOYUZ MS 20 25 00:01:01,194 --> 00:01:02,996 SPACECRAFT. 26 00:01:03,062 --> 00:01:04,097 SPACECRAFT PARTICIPANTS WERE 27 00:01:04,164 --> 00:01:09,769 LEAD BY COMMANDER AND ROSCOSMOS 28 00:01:09,836 --> 00:01:11,771 ASTRONAUT AS IT LAUNCHED AT TWO 29 00:01:11,838 --> 00:01:13,706 A.M. AND DOCKED 6 HOURS LATER. 30 00:01:13,773 --> 00:01:16,609 THEY JOINED THE 7 ASTRONAUTS FOR 31 00:01:16,676 --> 00:01:18,011 A SCHEDULED 11-DAY MISSION 32 00:01:18,077 --> 00:01:20,246 BEFORE RETURNING TO EARTH. 33 00:01:20,313 --> 00:01:22,549 THIS WEEK NASA ANNOUNCED THE 10 34 00:01:22,615 --> 00:01:25,318 NEWEST ASTRONAUTS CANDIDATES OUT 35 00:01:25,385 --> 00:01:26,886 OF 12,000 APPLICANTS 36 00:01:26,953 --> 00:01:28,254 >> LET'S GIVE THEM A BIG ROUND 37 00:01:28,321 --> 00:01:28,988 ARE OF APPLAUSE. 38 00:01:29,055 --> 00:01:31,825 >> THE CANDIDATES WERE ANNOUNCED 39 00:01:31,891 --> 00:01:33,526 ON MONDAY, DECEMBER 6TH. 40 00:01:33,593 --> 00:01:37,297 THESE ASTRONAUTS WILL TRAIN IN 41 00:01:37,363 --> 00:01:39,766 DISCIPLINES LIKE SPACE STATION 42 00:01:39,833 --> 00:01:42,435 SYSTEMS AND T-38 FLYING AND 43 00:01:42,502 --> 00:01:43,670 RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ASK MORE. 44 00:01:43,736 --> 00:01:45,538 THEY'LL SOME DAY TRAVEL TO THE 45 00:01:45,605 --> 00:01:46,739 SPACE STATION AND EVENTUALLY THE 46 00:01:46,806 --> 00:01:49,209 MOON WITH THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM. 47 00:01:49,275 --> 00:01:51,611 AND NEW FACILITY IS FINDING ITS 48 00:01:51,678 --> 00:01:53,580 HOME ABOARD THE ORBITING 49 00:01:53,646 --> 00:01:54,414 LABORATORY THIS WEEK. 50 00:01:54,481 --> 00:01:55,882 ON TUESDAY INSTALLATION BEGAN ON 51 00:01:55,949 --> 00:02:00,587 THE CONDENSATION EXPERIMENT. 52 00:02:00,653 --> 00:02:03,356 IT'S TO COLLECT DATA ABOUT HEAT 53 00:02:03,423 --> 00:02:04,457 TRANSFER MICROGRAVITY. 54 00:02:04,524 --> 00:02:07,026 WE'LL NEED TO GENERATE MORE 55 00:02:07,093 --> 00:02:10,530 POWER AND HEAT PRODUCED NEEDS TO 56 00:02:10,597 --> 00:02:11,531 BE DISSIPATED. 57 00:02:11,598 --> 00:02:13,433 TWO SYSTEMS REDUCE THE SIZE AND 58 00:02:13,500 --> 00:02:15,034 WEIGHT AND MAKE HEAT REMOVAL 59 00:02:15,101 --> 00:02:15,768 MORE EFFICIENT. 60 00:02:15,835 --> 00:02:17,704 THIS EXPERIMENT IS YET ANOTHER 61 00:02:17,770 --> 00:02:19,372 WAY THE WORK BEING DONE ON THE 62 00:02:19,439 --> 00:02:20,673 WORK STATION CONTINUES TO 63 00:02:20,740 --> 00:02:22,742 PREPARE US FOR FUTURE 64 00:02:22,809 --> 00:02:24,844 DESTINATIONS DEEPER INTO THE 65 00:02:24,911 --> 00:02:25,445 SOLAR SYSTEM. 66 00:02:25,512 --> 00:02:27,413 THAT'S ALL FOR TODAY ON SPACE TO 67 00:02:27,480 --> 00:02:27,714 GROUND. 68 00:02:27,780 --> 00:02:38,391 WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK. 69 00:02:38,458 --> 00:02:41,160 >> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 70 00:02:41,227 --> 00:02:42,428 STATION CREW MEMBERS ARE ALSO ON 71 00:02:42,495 --> 00:02:51,437 THE LOOKOUT LATER WHEN THEY 72 00:02:51,504 --> 00:02:52,539 ARRIVE WITH A NEW LOAD OF 73 00:02:52,605 --> 00:02:53,473 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS. 74 00:02:53,540 --> 00:02:54,841 HERE'S A FEW OF THE HIGHLIGHTS 75 00:02:54,908 --> 00:04:32,372 OF WHAT'S ON THE WAY TO SPACE. 76 00:05:02,235 --> 00:05:04,771 EACH GROUP OF ASTRONAUTS AND 77 00:05:04,837 --> 00:05:06,472 COSMONAUTS WHO COMPLETE A LONG 78 00:05:06,539 --> 00:05:07,774 DURATION MISSION TO THE 79 00:05:07,840 --> 00:05:08,408 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 80 00:05:08,474 --> 00:05:11,010 SPEND TIME ON A SUBSET OF THE 81 00:05:11,077 --> 00:05:12,078 KINDS OF EXPERIMENT THAT'S ARE 82 00:05:12,145 --> 00:05:13,813 HEAD TO DO THE STATION LATER 83 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:14,814 THIS MONTH. 84 00:05:14,881 --> 00:05:16,549 RECENTLY THE ASTRONAUTS WHO RODE 85 00:05:16,616 --> 00:05:19,619 TO SPACE ON THE CREW 2 SPACESHIP 86 00:05:19,686 --> 00:05:21,721 CAME BACK WITH THEIR OWN LEGACY 87 00:05:21,788 --> 00:05:23,356 OF WORK ON HUNDREDS OF 88 00:05:23,423 --> 00:05:23,756 EXPERIMENTS. 89 00:05:23,823 --> 00:05:26,793 HERE'S A LOOK AT SOME OF THEIR 90 00:05:26,859 --> 00:05:28,728 ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING 199 DAYS 91 00:05:28,795 --> 00:05:46,546 IN SPACE. 92 00:05:46,612 --> 00:05:51,217 HE'S THE FIRST TO BE ON THE 93 00:05:51,284 --> 00:05:51,884 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 94 00:05:51,951 --> 00:05:52,719 >> THERE IS A LOT OF GREAT 95 00:05:52,785 --> 00:05:53,853 SCIENCE AND WE'RE JUST EXCITED 96 00:05:53,920 --> 00:06:01,461 TO LEARN AND GET STARTED. 97 00:06:01,527 --> 00:06:03,296 THE EXPERIMENT THAT'S TAKING 98 00:06:03,362 --> 00:06:05,231 MOST OF MY TIME RIGHT NOW IS 99 00:06:05,298 --> 00:06:10,903 CALLED CELESTIAL IMMUNITY AND I 100 00:06:10,970 --> 00:06:12,505 HAVE AN EXPERT THAT'S LOOKING 101 00:06:12,572 --> 00:06:14,607 OVER MY SHOULDER VIA CAMERA AND 102 00:06:14,674 --> 00:06:17,076 SHE CAN TALK TO ME STEP BY STEP 103 00:06:17,143 --> 00:06:19,112 AS WE GO THROUGH THE PROCESS. 104 00:06:19,178 --> 00:06:20,646 >> THAT LOOKS GOOD, MEGAN. 105 00:06:20,713 --> 00:06:21,380 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 106 00:06:21,447 --> 00:06:23,182 I'M SURE I'LL BE TALKING TO YOU 107 00:06:23,249 --> 00:06:23,916 TOMORROW. 108 00:06:23,983 --> 00:06:25,017 >> YES, YOU WILL. 109 00:06:25,084 --> 00:06:27,653 >> RECENTLY I'VE BEEN WORKING ON 110 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:30,790 AN INTERESTING MEDICATION THAT 111 00:06:30,857 --> 00:06:34,560 CRAZY MONO CELLULAR BEING THAT 112 00:06:34,627 --> 00:06:37,130 HAS NO BRAIN BUT CAN LEARN AND 113 00:06:37,196 --> 00:06:39,065 SOLVE MAZES. 114 00:06:39,132 --> 00:06:41,167 IT'S PRETTY CONTAINED AND IT'S 115 00:06:41,234 --> 00:06:43,302 VERY TINY SO WE'RE WORKING ON 116 00:06:43,369 --> 00:06:45,138 ALL KINDS OF ENDEAVORS LIKE THIS 117 00:06:45,204 --> 00:06:48,775 EVERY DAY BRINGS ITS DISCOVERIES 118 00:06:48,841 --> 00:06:50,109 ON THE SPACE STATION THAT'S VERY 119 00:06:50,176 --> 00:06:50,476 EXCITING. 120 00:06:50,543 --> 00:06:56,816 >> WELL DONE, BOTH OF YOU. 121 00:06:56,883 --> 00:06:57,617 >> BEAUTIFUL. 122 00:06:57,683 --> 00:06:59,152 >> WE'RE IN A SEASON NOW 123 00:06:59,218 --> 00:07:01,654 ACTUALLY OF CARGO OPS. 124 00:07:01,721 --> 00:07:04,023 WE HAVE TWO SPACECRAFT THAT 125 00:07:04,090 --> 00:07:06,092 BROUGHT US CARGO AND NOW WE'RE 126 00:07:06,159 --> 00:07:07,593 PACKING THEM BACK UP TO GET THEM 127 00:07:07,660 --> 00:07:08,961 READY FOR DEPARTURE. 128 00:07:09,028 --> 00:07:10,096 >> I'M ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL 129 00:07:10,163 --> 00:07:11,030 SPACE STATION AND WE HELP OUT 130 00:07:11,097 --> 00:07:13,099 SOME OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF 131 00:07:13,166 --> 00:07:13,833 MEDICINE. 132 00:07:13,900 --> 00:07:17,136 WITHOUT GRAVITY YOU GET LARGER 133 00:07:17,203 --> 00:07:19,438 CHUNKS OF PURE PROTEIN CRYSTALS. 134 00:07:19,505 --> 00:07:20,740 >> WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR TODAY 135 00:07:20,807 --> 00:07:24,177 ARE NEEDLE-LIKE STRUCTURES. 136 00:07:24,243 --> 00:07:24,544 PERFECTED. 137 00:07:24,610 --> 00:07:27,446 THERE THEY ARE. 138 00:07:27,513 --> 00:07:29,715 >> FANTASTIC VIEW THAT WE HAVE 139 00:07:29,782 --> 00:07:31,851 WE SEE THE THIN LAYER PROTECTING 140 00:07:31,918 --> 00:07:33,119 ALL OF YOU DOWN AT EARTH. 141 00:07:33,186 --> 00:07:35,588 JUST TAKING CARE OF OUR PLANET. 142 00:07:35,655 --> 00:07:37,390 THAT'S IN A CHANGE MENTALLY FROM 143 00:07:37,456 --> 00:07:40,059 SEEING IT FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE. 144 00:07:40,126 --> 00:07:42,695 >> WE ARE GROWING CHILI PEPPERS 145 00:07:42,762 --> 00:07:45,298 IN THE JAPANESE EXPERIMENT 146 00:07:45,364 --> 00:07:47,333 MODULE AND IT'S ONE OF MORE 147 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:48,734 COMPLICATED THINGS GROWN IN 148 00:07:48,801 --> 00:07:50,069 SPACE SO THEY COME LONGER TO 149 00:07:50,136 --> 00:07:52,138 COME TO FRUITION SO WE'RE HOPING 150 00:07:52,205 --> 00:07:53,706 TO WE GET TO TRY SOME PEPPERS 151 00:07:53,773 --> 00:07:54,874 BEFORE THE END OF OUR MISSION. 152 00:07:54,941 --> 00:07:56,108 >> OVER THE YEARS THE 153 00:07:56,175 --> 00:07:58,344 CAPABILITIES OF THE LABORATORY 154 00:07:58,411 --> 00:07:59,879 EXPANDED AND GROWN ALONG WITH 155 00:07:59,946 --> 00:08:01,280 THE INTEREST OF DOING THIS KIND 156 00:08:01,347 --> 00:08:02,548 OF RESEARCH IN LOWER EARTH ORBIT 157 00:08:02,615 --> 00:08:04,150 WHICH I THINK IS REMARKABLE. 158 00:08:04,217 --> 00:08:05,618 WE'RE KIND AT THE PEAK OF THAT 159 00:08:05,685 --> 00:08:06,986 AND SO WE HAVE SEEN A LITTLE BIT 160 00:08:07,053 --> 00:08:08,154 OF EVERYTHING, RIGHT. 161 00:08:08,221 --> 00:08:11,123 WE'VE DONE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM 162 00:08:11,190 --> 00:08:11,924 RESEARCH. 163 00:08:11,991 --> 00:08:13,659 LOTS OF RESEARCH INTO MEDICATION 164 00:08:13,726 --> 00:08:16,329 FORMATION AND FLUID RESEARCH, 165 00:08:16,395 --> 00:08:18,297 COMBUSTION RESEARCH AND ROBOTICS 166 00:08:18,364 --> 00:08:19,765 RESEARCH AND HUGE RANGE OF 167 00:08:19,832 --> 00:08:21,167 DIFFERENT THINGS WE GOT TO TOUCH 168 00:08:21,234 --> 00:08:22,468 DURING OUR MISSION AND THE WAY 169 00:08:22,535 --> 00:08:23,736 SCIENCE WORKS AS YOU KNOW THIS 170 00:08:23,803 --> 00:08:25,738 IS THE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR STUFF 171 00:08:25,805 --> 00:08:26,439 TO COME. 172 00:08:26,505 --> 00:08:27,673 THE RESULTS AND THESE 173 00:08:27,740 --> 00:08:29,041 EXPERIMENTS WILL COME OUT IN THE 174 00:08:29,108 --> 00:08:30,376 YEARS TO COME AND ALSO BE THE 175 00:08:30,443 --> 00:08:31,110 FOUNDATION OF EXPERIMENTS THAT 176 00:08:31,177 --> 00:08:32,545 ARE DESIGNED IN THE FOLLOWING 177 00:08:32,612 --> 00:08:34,113 YEARS AND SO ALL OF THE RESEARCH 178 00:08:34,180 --> 00:08:35,982 IS GOING TO BE STUFF THAT WE GET 179 00:08:36,048 --> 00:08:37,483 TO SAY WE HAD A LITTLE BIT OF 180 00:08:37,550 --> 00:08:40,419 THAT AND WE GOT OUR HANDS ON A 181 00:08:40,486 --> 00:08:42,088 LITTLE BIT OF THAT WHICH IS A 182 00:08:42,154 --> 00:08:51,797 PRETTY NEAT FEELING. 183 00:08:51,864 --> 00:08:54,734 >> SOME POTENTIAL FUTURE CREW 184 00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:55,468 MEMBERS ON THE INTERNATIONAL 185 00:08:55,534 --> 00:08:56,402 SPACE STATION WERE THE CENTER OF 186 00:08:56,469 --> 00:08:57,236 ATTENTION THIS WEEK. 187 00:08:57,303 --> 00:09:00,006 AS LEAH NOTED A MOMENT AGO NASA 188 00:09:00,072 --> 00:09:01,641 INTRODUCED A NEW CLASS OF 10 189 00:09:01,707 --> 00:09:03,509 ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES WHO WILL 190 00:09:03,576 --> 00:09:04,744 BEGIN TRAINING HERE AT THE 191 00:09:04,810 --> 00:09:07,280 JOHNSON SPACE CENTER NEXT MONTH. 192 00:09:07,346 --> 00:09:07,980 TAKE A LOOK. 193 00:09:08,047 --> 00:09:09,315 THESE ARE THE FACES THAT YOU'LL 194 00:09:09,382 --> 00:09:11,717 BE SEEING FROM SPACE AND MAYBE 195 00:09:11,784 --> 00:09:13,085 FROM THE MOON AND MARS IN THE 196 00:09:13,152 --> 00:09:18,157 YEARS TO COME. 197 00:09:18,224 --> 00:09:19,892 >> LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, TODAY 198 00:09:19,959 --> 00:09:27,166 WE ARE INTRODUCING TO YOU AND TO 199 00:09:27,233 --> 00:09:33,272 THE WORLD 200 00:09:33,339 --> 00:09:35,241 >> MY NAME IS LUKE DELANEY 201 00:09:35,308 --> 00:09:37,677 RETIRED FROM THE MARINE CORPS 202 00:09:37,743 --> 00:09:40,212 AND I'M AN ASTRONAUT CANDIDATE. 203 00:09:40,279 --> 00:09:43,516 >> NASA ASTRONAUT IS EXPLORER AT 204 00:09:43,582 --> 00:09:43,916 HEART. 205 00:09:43,983 --> 00:09:45,418 I THINK THEY'RE THE VERY 206 00:09:45,484 --> 00:09:47,486 EMBODIMENT YOU GET TO INSPIRE 207 00:09:47,553 --> 00:09:54,894 PEOPLE FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE. 208 00:09:54,961 --> 00:09:58,397 >> TO ME IT'S SOMEBODY WHO'S 209 00:09:58,464 --> 00:09:59,632 ALWAYS CHALLENGING THEMSELVES 210 00:09:59,699 --> 00:10:02,935 AND ALWAYS TRYING TO PUSH THE 211 00:10:03,002 --> 00:10:04,570 BOUNDS OF MANKIND. 212 00:10:04,637 --> 00:10:06,138 >> I WANT TO BE AN ASTRONAUT 213 00:10:06,205 --> 00:10:07,707 SINCE I WAS A LITTLE KID. 214 00:10:07,773 --> 00:10:09,608 I GREW UP WANTING TO LEARN HOW 215 00:10:09,675 --> 00:10:10,876 TO FLY. 216 00:10:10,943 --> 00:10:12,545 THOSE ARE MY EARLIEST MEMORIES 217 00:10:12,611 --> 00:10:14,914 ARE WANTING TO BECOME AN 218 00:10:14,981 --> 00:10:15,314 ASTRONAUT. 219 00:10:15,381 --> 00:10:16,816 >> SINCE I WAS LITTLE I ALWAYS 220 00:10:16,882 --> 00:10:18,985 HAD AN AFFINITY FOR THE SKY AND 221 00:10:19,051 --> 00:10:21,153 SPACE AND STARS AND I SET MY 222 00:10:21,220 --> 00:10:23,889 SIGHTS AS A VERY YOUNG CHILD ON 223 00:10:23,956 --> 00:10:26,359 IT. 224 00:10:26,425 --> 00:10:28,427 >> JUST A CHANCE TO EXPLORE AND 225 00:10:28,494 --> 00:10:30,229 KEEP PUSHING WHERE WE CAN GO AND 226 00:10:30,296 --> 00:10:31,864 WHAT'S POSSIBLE AND WHAT PEOPLE 227 00:10:31,931 --> 00:10:33,332 ARE CAPABLE OF. 228 00:10:33,399 --> 00:10:34,734 >> NASA ASTRONAUT IS AN 229 00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:35,134 EXPLORER. 230 00:10:35,201 --> 00:10:37,303 THEY GET TO GO UP AND LIVE IN 231 00:10:37,370 --> 00:10:38,537 SPACE AND DO RESEARCH SO WE CAN 232 00:10:38,604 --> 00:10:40,373 LEARN MORE ABOUT HUMAN 233 00:10:40,439 --> 00:10:41,107 SPACEFLIGHT. 234 00:10:41,173 --> 00:10:43,876 >> I THINK A NASA ASTRONAUT IS 235 00:10:43,943 --> 00:10:45,878 THE MOST VISIBLE PART OF A MUCH 236 00:10:45,945 --> 00:10:49,682 LARGER TEAM THAT ARE STRIVING TO 237 00:10:49,749 --> 00:10:51,617 IMPROVE HUMANITY. 238 00:10:51,684 --> 00:10:55,654 >> NASA ASTRONAUT TO ME IS AN 239 00:10:55,721 --> 00:10:57,223 AMBASSADOR FOR THE NASA 240 00:10:57,289 --> 00:10:59,358 ORGANIZATION. 241 00:10:59,425 --> 00:11:01,494 >> THIS REALLY LUCKY TO BE THE 242 00:11:01,560 --> 00:11:02,628 TIP OF THE HUGE ORGANIZATION 243 00:11:02,695 --> 00:11:17,276 THAT'S ALL WORKING TOGETHER. 244 00:11:17,343 --> 00:11:19,078 >> INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 245 00:11:19,145 --> 00:11:21,213 CREW MEMBERS AND ASTRONAUT 246 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:22,948 CANDIDATES GET FOCUSSED TRAINING 247 00:11:23,015 --> 00:11:24,650 ON HOW TO OPERATE STATION 248 00:11:24,717 --> 00:11:26,519 EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS THE 249 00:11:26,585 --> 00:11:28,821 MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES GLOVE BOX, 250 00:11:28,888 --> 00:11:30,856 AN ENCLOSED SPACE FOR 251 00:11:30,923 --> 00:11:32,224 EXPERIMENTS THAT INVOLVE 252 00:11:32,291 --> 00:11:33,492 POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. 253 00:11:33,559 --> 00:11:35,995 IN THIS SPEEDY TIME SEGMENT 254 00:11:36,062 --> 00:11:39,165 ASTRONAUT PEGGY WHITSON PULLS 255 00:11:39,231 --> 00:11:40,599 THE RACK OUT OF THE WALL IN THE 256 00:11:40,666 --> 00:11:43,369 LABORATORY SO SHOW US HOW THE 257 00:11:43,436 --> 00:11:44,370 MSG WORKS 258 00:11:44,437 --> 00:11:45,371 >> TODAY WE WANTED TO TALK TO 259 00:11:45,438 --> 00:11:47,973 YOU ABOUT MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE'S 260 00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:48,874 GLOVE BOX. 261 00:11:48,941 --> 00:11:50,476 WE DO ALL KINDS OF EXPERIMENTS 262 00:11:50,543 --> 00:11:52,144 IN HERE. I LOOKED AT HOW AIR 263 00:11:52,211 --> 00:11:56,582 AND FLUID AND GROWN SUPER 264 00:11:56,649 --> 00:11:57,883 CRYSTALS IN HERE. THIS IS TO 265 00:11:57,950 --> 00:12:00,052 PROTECT US TO WHAT WAS HAPPENING 266 00:12:00,119 --> 00:12:01,754 IN THE EXPERIMENT. 267 00:12:01,821 --> 00:12:04,490 NOW I'M GROWING CELLS. 268 00:12:04,557 --> 00:12:05,925 SO IT'S FLEXIBLE AND YOU CAN 269 00:12:05,991 --> 00:12:07,126 CHANGE OUT ALL THE EXPERIMENTS 270 00:12:07,193 --> 00:12:08,994 BY OPENING UP THIS BIG DOOR ON 271 00:12:09,061 --> 00:12:10,830 THE FRONT AND ONCE WE GET THEM 272 00:12:10,896 --> 00:12:12,264 SET UP INSIDE YOU CAN ACCESS 273 00:12:12,331 --> 00:12:14,066 FROM THE SIDE OR YOU CAN USE AN 274 00:12:14,133 --> 00:12:14,967 AIR LOCK. 275 00:12:15,034 --> 00:12:16,268 LIKE A TRANSFORMER. 276 00:12:16,335 --> 00:12:18,237 WHEN YOUR DONE YOU PUSH IT BACK 277 00:12:18,304 --> 00:12:19,371 IN. 278 00:12:19,438 --> 00:12:21,040 AND IT'S VERY NICE. 279 00:12:21,107 --> 00:12:22,341 THE OTHER THING THAT GOES ALONG 280 00:12:22,408 --> 00:12:24,877 WITH THIS IS OUR MICROSCOPE. 281 00:12:24,944 --> 00:12:26,479 WE HAVE CAPABILITIES TO SEND 282 00:12:26,545 --> 00:12:29,315 VIDEOS AND MAKING AND ZERO 283 00:12:29,381 --> 00:12:29,615 GRAVITY. 284 00:12:29,682 --> 00:12:30,816 THAT'S WHY THEY'RE DOING THE 285 00:12:30,883 --> 00:12:32,818 RESEARCH HERE. SO VERY COOL 286 00:12:32,885 --> 00:12:34,920 SCIENCE AND VERY COOL PIECE OF 287 00:12:34,987 --> 00:12:35,387 HARDWARE. 288 00:12:35,454 --> 00:12:37,389 MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE'S GLOVE 289 00:12:37,456 --> 00:12:43,329 BOX. 290 00:12:43,395 --> 00:12:44,463 >> ASTRONAUTS ON THE 291 00:12:44,530 --> 00:12:45,998 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 292 00:12:46,065 --> 00:12:47,533 SPEND SOME OF THEIR TIME DOING 293 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:49,034 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS, SOME OF 294 00:12:49,101 --> 00:12:51,570 THEIR TIME KEEPING SPACESHIP 295 00:12:51,637 --> 00:12:53,405 OPERATING SAFELY AND SOMETIMES 296 00:12:53,472 --> 00:12:55,307 THEY HELP EXPLAIN SCIENTIFIC 297 00:12:55,374 --> 00:12:56,876 CONCEPTS TO STUDENTS ON EARTH. 298 00:12:56,942 --> 00:12:59,178 IN THIS DEMONSTRATION VIDEO ONE 299 00:12:59,245 --> 00:13:01,013 TIME STATION COMMANDER SUNNY 300 00:13:01,080 --> 00:13:03,616 WILLIAMS GUIDE US AS MARK AND 301 00:13:03,682 --> 00:13:05,985 JEFF WILLIAMS USE THE WEIGHTLESS 302 00:13:06,051 --> 00:13:07,853 ENVIRONMENT TO EXPLAIN NEWTON'S 303 00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:33,779 FIRST LAW OF MOTION. 304 00:13:33,846 --> 00:13:34,413 >> HI. 305 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,116 I'M SONNY WILLIAMS IS AND I'M AN 306 00:13:37,183 --> 00:13:38,417 ASTRONAUTS WHO LIVED AND WORKED 307 00:13:38,484 --> 00:13:39,618 ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 308 00:13:39,685 --> 00:13:41,320 STATION AND AN AMAZING RESEARCH 309 00:13:41,387 --> 00:13:42,821 LABORATORY THAT'S ORBITING THE 310 00:13:42,888 --> 00:13:45,758 EARTH ABOUT 250 MILES ABOVE US. 311 00:13:45,824 --> 00:13:47,660 WHILE WE'RE AT THE SPACE STATION 312 00:13:47,726 --> 00:13:49,862 WE ASTRONAUTS LIVE AND WORK IN A 313 00:13:49,929 --> 00:13:52,031 MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT. 314 00:13:52,097 --> 00:13:54,033 DO YOU THINK THE LAWS OF PHYSICS 315 00:13:54,099 --> 00:13:56,535 WILL HOLD UP IN THE SPACE 316 00:13:56,602 --> 00:13:58,103 STATION WHILE EXPERIENCING 317 00:13:58,170 --> 00:13:58,637 MICROGRAVITY? 318 00:13:58,704 --> 00:14:00,940 LET'S CHECK WITH NASA ASTRONAUT 319 00:14:01,006 --> 00:14:08,814 MARK VANDE HEI TO FIND OUT 320 00:14:08,881 --> 00:14:10,583 >> NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION 321 00:14:10,649 --> 00:14:12,685 SAYS AN OBJECT AT REST TENDS TO 322 00:14:12,751 --> 00:14:15,120 STAY AT REST UNLESS ACTED ON BY 323 00:14:15,187 --> 00:14:16,455 AN OUTSIDE FORCE. 324 00:14:16,522 --> 00:14:20,292 ALSO AN OBJECT IN MOTION TENDS 325 00:14:20,359 --> 00:14:22,928 TO STAY IN MOTION UNLESS ACTED 326 00:14:22,995 --> 00:14:25,264 ON BY AN OUTSIDE FORCE LIKE MY 327 00:14:25,331 --> 00:14:29,969 FINGER. 328 00:14:30,035 --> 00:14:31,403 >> LET'S LOOK AT THIS FROM 329 00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:32,638 ANOTHER ANGLE. 330 00:14:32,705 --> 00:14:34,840 OVER TIME THE INTERNATIONAL 331 00:14:34,907 --> 00:14:36,275 SPACE STATION SLOWS DOWN FROM 332 00:14:36,342 --> 00:14:37,309 EXPERIENCING A VERY SMALL AMOUNT 333 00:14:37,376 --> 00:14:40,546 OF DRAG OR FORCE FROM A TINY 334 00:14:40,613 --> 00:14:44,049 AMOUNT OF ATOMIC OXYGEN IN 335 00:14:44,116 --> 00:14:44,383 SPACE. 336 00:14:44,450 --> 00:14:45,751 THIS IS LIKE THE FORCE YOU FEEL 337 00:14:45,818 --> 00:14:47,486 FROM THE AIR IF YOU STICK YOUR 338 00:14:47,553 --> 00:14:49,688 HAND OUT OF A MOVING CAR. 339 00:14:49,755 --> 00:14:51,257 BECAUSE OF THIS, THE SPACE 340 00:14:51,323 --> 00:14:53,392 STATION DOES WHAT WE CALL A 341 00:14:53,459 --> 00:14:58,530 REBOOT. 342 00:14:58,597 --> 00:15:00,966 THIS ALLOWS IT TO SPEED UP JUST 343 00:15:01,033 --> 00:15:02,868 A LITTLE TO REMAIN IN ORBIT 344 00:15:02,935 --> 00:15:04,069 AROUND THE EARTH. 345 00:15:04,136 --> 00:15:07,139 LET'S JOIN NASA ASTRONAUT JEFF 346 00:15:07,206 --> 00:15:08,841 WILLIAMS TO CHECK OUT WHAT 347 00:15:08,907 --> 00:15:10,209 HAPPENS TO THE OBJECT INSIDE THE 348 00:15:10,276 --> 00:15:12,745 SPACE STATION WHEN IT BEGINS. 349 00:15:12,811 --> 00:15:14,246 >> THE WAY I'M GOING TO 350 00:15:14,313 --> 00:15:15,981 DEMONSTRATE THE ACCELERATION IS 351 00:15:16,048 --> 00:15:18,117 BY USING THIS CAMERA. 352 00:15:18,183 --> 00:15:21,954 800 MILLIMETER LENS. 353 00:15:22,021 --> 00:15:24,256 AND IS WE CAN SEE I CAN FLOAT IT 354 00:15:24,323 --> 00:15:28,327 HERE AND THAT'S ALL REBOOST 355 00:15:28,394 --> 00:15:30,296 GOING OUT RIGHT NOW SO IT WON'T 356 00:15:30,362 --> 00:15:30,863 GO ANYWHERE. 357 00:15:30,929 --> 00:15:33,098 IT WILL SLOWLY DRIFT DUE TO THE 358 00:15:33,165 --> 00:15:35,000 VENTILATION OR IF I PUT ANY 359 00:15:35,067 --> 00:15:37,102 VELOCITY INTO IT WILL DRIFT. 360 00:15:37,169 --> 00:15:38,771 BUT I'LL TRY TO HOLD IT HERE 361 00:15:38,837 --> 00:15:40,406 STEADY AND YOU CAN SEE IT STAYS 362 00:15:40,472 --> 00:15:41,974 VERY STEADY. 363 00:15:42,041 --> 00:15:44,109 THERE'S MY CAMERA. 364 00:15:44,176 --> 00:15:46,011 I'M SETTING IT UP FOR IGNITION. 365 00:15:46,078 --> 00:15:47,613 THERE IT GOES. 366 00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:48,681 ACTUALLY CAME A LITTLE BIT 367 00:15:48,747 --> 00:15:50,282 EARLY. 368 00:15:50,349 --> 00:15:52,384 NOW WATCH THE CAMERA ACCELERATE 369 00:15:52,451 --> 00:15:55,020 TOWARD YOU. 370 00:15:55,087 --> 00:15:56,555 I'LL REACH OUT AND GRAB IT AND 371 00:15:56,622 --> 00:15:59,191 BRING IT BACK INTO VIEW HERE. 372 00:15:59,258 --> 00:16:01,126 AND I'M HOLDING -- I'M FEELING 373 00:16:01,193 --> 00:16:03,062 THE ACCELERATION. 374 00:16:03,128 --> 00:16:05,264 I'LL LET GO AGAIN AND HERE IT 375 00:16:05,331 --> 00:16:06,465 GOES. 376 00:16:06,532 --> 00:16:08,967 IT'S GOING TO TAKE OFF. 377 00:16:09,034 --> 00:16:13,372 I'LL TRY NOT TO LET IT HIT YOU. 378 00:16:13,439 --> 00:16:17,776 JUST GOING TO MISS YOU. 379 00:16:17,843 --> 00:16:19,378 OKAY, I'M GOING TO LET GO NOW 380 00:16:19,445 --> 00:16:21,347 AND HERE I GO DRIFTING BACK 381 00:16:21,413 --> 00:16:22,081 TOWARD ME AGAIN. 382 00:16:22,147 --> 00:16:26,085 THE ACCELERATION APPLIES TO ME 383 00:16:26,151 --> 00:16:28,220 TOO. 384 00:16:28,287 --> 00:16:31,290 2.7 METERS PER SECOND THAT WE 385 00:16:31,357 --> 00:16:32,725 DESIRED AND NOW IF I LET GO OF 386 00:16:32,791 --> 00:16:34,059 THE CAMERA IT'S NOT GOING 387 00:16:34,126 --> 00:16:36,428 ANYWHERE. 388 00:16:36,495 --> 00:16:36,762 IT'S OVER. 389 00:16:36,829 --> 00:16:38,797 REBOOST COMPLETE AND WE'LL STAY 390 00:16:38,864 --> 00:16:40,833 IN ORBIT A LITTLE WHILE LONGER 391 00:16:40,899 --> 00:16:42,401 >> CAN YOU USE NEWTON'S FIRST 392 00:16:42,468 --> 00:16:43,802 LAW TO EXPLAIN WHY THE CAMERA 393 00:16:43,869 --> 00:16:45,104 BEGAN MOVING WITHOUT AN 394 00:16:45,170 --> 00:16:46,372 ASTRONAUT PUT AGO FORCE DIRECTLY 395 00:16:46,438 --> 00:16:48,273 ON IT? 396 00:16:48,340 --> 00:16:49,742 I'M GOING TO SEND YOU BACK TO 397 00:16:49,808 --> 00:16:51,610 CLASS SO YOU CAN START TO 398 00:16:51,677 --> 00:16:52,811 INVESTIGATE THIS WITH THE 399 00:16:52,878 --> 00:16:54,880 CLASSROOM CONNECTION FOUND AT 400 00:16:54,947 --> 00:16:57,516 NASA.GOVDEMONSTRATIONS. 401 00:16:57,583 --> 00:16:59,118 THANKS FURTHER EXPLORING A 402 00:16:59,184 --> 00:17:00,853 LITTLE PHYSICS ON THE SPACE 403 00:17:00,919 --> 00:17:02,020 STATION TODAY AND SEE YOU AGAIN 404 00:17:02,087 --> 00:17:19,738 SOON. 405 00:17:19,805 --> 00:17:21,540 THERE IS AN INSTRUMENT ON THE 406 00:17:21,607 --> 00:17:23,509 OUTSIDE OF THE INTERNATIONAL 407 00:17:23,575 --> 00:17:25,811 SPACE STATION THAT HAS BEEN 408 00:17:25,878 --> 00:17:28,514 SIFTING THROUGH COSMIC RAY 409 00:17:28,580 --> 00:17:30,516 PARTICLES SINCE 2011 TO HELP US 410 00:17:30,582 --> 00:17:31,617 LEARN MORE ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF 411 00:17:31,683 --> 00:17:32,317 OUR UNIVERSE. 412 00:17:32,384 --> 00:17:35,921 BUT THE ALPHA MAGNETIC 413 00:17:35,988 --> 00:17:37,356 SPECTROMETER WASN'T DESIGNED TO 414 00:17:37,423 --> 00:17:38,824 OPERATE THAT LONG OR BE REPAIRED 415 00:17:38,891 --> 00:17:40,359 IN SPACE SO IT COULD CONTINUE 416 00:17:40,426 --> 00:17:40,826 ITS MISSION. 417 00:17:40,893 --> 00:17:43,162 BUT NASA'S EXPLORATION AND 418 00:17:43,228 --> 00:17:46,331 IN-SPACE SERVICES PROJECT 419 00:17:46,398 --> 00:17:47,466 DIVISION ALONG WITH SOME FOLKS 420 00:17:47,533 --> 00:17:49,635 HERE AT THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER 421 00:17:49,701 --> 00:17:51,703 FIGURED OUT HOW TO DO JUST THAT 422 00:17:51,770 --> 00:17:55,073 AND IN TODAY'S TECH ON DECK 423 00:17:55,140 --> 00:17:56,375 EPISODE THEY SHOW US HOW THEY 424 00:17:56,442 --> 00:18:04,416 DID IT. 425 00:18:04,483 --> 00:18:05,884 IF YOU NEED TO FIX SOMETHING IN 426 00:18:05,951 --> 00:18:07,653 SPACE THAT WASN'T DESIGNED TO BE 427 00:18:07,719 --> 00:18:09,021 FIXED IT'S GOING TO TAKE ALL THE 428 00:18:09,087 --> 00:18:10,589 EXPERIENCE YOU CAN GET. 429 00:18:10,656 --> 00:18:12,057 WITH THAT IN MIND WHEN THE 430 00:18:12,124 --> 00:18:13,592 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION'S 431 00:18:13,659 --> 00:18:17,062 ALPHA MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER 432 00:18:17,129 --> 00:18:18,897 NEEDED REPAIRS JOHNSON'S SPACE 433 00:18:18,964 --> 00:18:20,299 CENTER AND GODDARD USED THEIR 434 00:18:20,365 --> 00:18:22,167 ARE JOINT EXPERTISE TO MAKE 435 00:18:22,234 --> 00:18:22,901 HAPPEN. 436 00:18:22,968 --> 00:18:29,842 AT GODDARD THAT NEXUS WHICH 437 00:18:29,908 --> 00:18:31,076 EVOLVED FROM THE OFFICE THAT WAS 438 00:18:31,143 --> 00:18:33,178 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HUBBLE SPACE 439 00:18:33,245 --> 00:18:34,112 TELESCOPE MISSION. 440 00:18:34,179 --> 00:18:35,481 KEY TO THESE MISSIONS WAS THE 441 00:18:35,547 --> 00:18:36,748 DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED 442 00:18:36,815 --> 00:18:37,449 TOOLS. 443 00:18:37,516 --> 00:18:38,784 WHILE YOU PROBABLY HEARD OF 444 00:18:38,851 --> 00:18:40,152 HUBBLE YOU MAY NOT BE AS 445 00:18:40,219 --> 00:18:41,186 FAMILIAR WITH AMS. 446 00:18:41,253 --> 00:18:45,224 SO LET'S START THERE. 447 00:18:45,290 --> 00:18:58,470 DESIGNED FOR A 3 YEAR MISSION OF 448 00:18:58,537 --> 00:19:00,572 SHIFTING THROUGH COSMIC RAY 449 00:19:00,639 --> 00:19:02,174 PARTICLES IT'S BEEN LOOKING FOR 450 00:19:02,241 --> 00:19:05,511 SIGNS OF DARK MATTER SINCE 2011. 451 00:19:05,577 --> 00:19:06,812 HUNDREDS OF RESEARCHERS HAVE 452 00:19:06,879 --> 00:19:08,714 USED THE DATA COLLECTED TO 453 00:19:08,780 --> 00:19:10,015 INVESTIGATE THE SOURCE OF THE 454 00:19:10,082 --> 00:19:11,550 MYSTERIOUS SUBSTANCE TO HELP US 455 00:19:11,617 --> 00:19:13,519 BETTER UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS OF 456 00:19:13,585 --> 00:19:14,219 THE UNIVERSE. 457 00:19:14,286 --> 00:19:15,821 TO CONTINUE THIS IMPORTANT DATA 458 00:19:15,888 --> 00:19:18,290 COLLECTION, AMS NEEDED AN 459 00:19:18,357 --> 00:19:20,092 UPGRADE DUE TO GENERAL WEAR AND 460 00:19:20,158 --> 00:19:21,627 TEAR FROM THE HARSH ENVIRONMENT 461 00:19:21,693 --> 00:19:23,295 OF SPACE SPECIFICALLY A NEW 462 00:19:23,362 --> 00:19:24,229 COOLING SYSTEM. 463 00:19:24,296 --> 00:19:25,998 REPAIR TO EXTEND ITS LIFE BEYOND 464 00:19:26,064 --> 00:19:28,767 WHAT YOU ORIGINALLY PLANNED, 465 00:19:28,834 --> 00:19:30,302 SOUNDS EASY ENOUGH, RIGHT? 466 00:19:30,369 --> 00:19:32,471 IN FACT DUE TO THE INSTRUMENT'S 467 00:19:32,538 --> 00:19:33,972 COMPLEXITY AND NOT DESIGNED TO 468 00:19:34,039 --> 00:19:35,841 BE REPAIRED EVEN GAINING ACCESS 469 00:19:35,908 --> 00:19:37,843 TO THE SYSTEM TO REPLACE IT WAS 470 00:19:37,910 --> 00:19:38,176 DIFFICULT. 471 00:19:38,243 --> 00:19:40,913 AMS'S DESIGN DID NOT INCORPORATE 472 00:19:40,979 --> 00:19:42,381 THE KIND OF INTERFACES THAT 473 00:19:42,447 --> 00:19:44,516 MAKES SPACEWALKS EASIER OR HAVE 474 00:19:44,583 --> 00:19:46,351 THE ABILITY TO BE SERVICED WITH 475 00:19:46,418 --> 00:19:48,854 TRADITIONAL MULTIPURPOSED TOOLS. 476 00:19:48,921 --> 00:19:50,589 OVER THE COURSE OF 4 YEARS NASA 477 00:19:50,656 --> 00:19:51,723 GOT TO WORK DESIGNING AND 478 00:19:51,790 --> 00:19:52,758 DEVELOPING SOME OF THE MOST 479 00:19:52,824 --> 00:19:54,192 COMPLEX SPACEWALKS SINCE THE 480 00:19:54,259 --> 00:19:56,228 HUBBLE SERVICE IGNITION IN THE 481 00:19:56,295 --> 00:20:01,300 90'S AND EARLY 2000'S TO FIX AN 482 00:20:01,366 --> 00:20:01,934 AMS 483 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,969 >> THEY WERE UNIQUE AND BUILT 484 00:20:04,036 --> 00:20:05,304 SPECIFICALLY FOR THIS TASK A 485 00:20:05,370 --> 00:20:06,572 TASK THAT WAS NEVER INTEND SAID 486 00:20:06,638 --> 00:20:08,173 TO BE PERFORMED ON A SPACEWALK 487 00:20:08,240 --> 00:20:10,242 SO THAT REQUIRED A LOT OF 488 00:20:10,309 --> 00:20:11,009 THINKING ABOUT HOW WE WERE GOING 489 00:20:11,076 --> 00:20:12,945 TO GET INSIDE SO THAT WE COULD 490 00:20:13,011 --> 00:20:14,246 ACCESS THE TUBES THAT WE NEEDED 491 00:20:14,313 --> 00:20:16,114 TO CUT INTO AND THEN INSTALL THE 492 00:20:16,181 --> 00:20:17,783 NEW THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM. 493 00:20:17,849 --> 00:20:19,551 BUT ALSO HOW TO PUT HANDLING 494 00:20:19,618 --> 00:20:22,154 AIDS ON IT SO WE HAD A PLACE TO 495 00:20:22,220 --> 00:20:24,923 ATTACH OUR TETHERS TO ATTACH OUR 496 00:20:24,990 --> 00:20:26,592 FOOT RESTRAINTS AND HAVE HAND 497 00:20:26,658 --> 00:20:28,660 HOLDS AND A PLACE TO ATTACH YOUR 498 00:20:28,727 --> 00:20:29,628 EQUIPMENT THAT WE NEEDED OUT 499 00:20:29,695 --> 00:20:30,395 THERE. 500 00:20:30,462 --> 00:20:32,431 >> NASA DEVELOPED 20 SPECIALIZED 501 00:20:32,497 --> 00:20:33,832 TOOLS TO MAKE THE JOB POSSIBLE 502 00:20:33,899 --> 00:20:36,735 AND ON NOVEMBER 15TH, 2019, 503 00:20:36,802 --> 00:20:38,570 ASTRONAUTS ANDREW MORGAN AND 504 00:20:38,637 --> 00:20:41,373 LUCA PARMITANO GOT TO WORK. 505 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:43,008 ON THE FIRST SPACEWALK THEY 506 00:20:43,075 --> 00:20:45,243 NEEDED ACCESS BY DESIGN 5 OF THE 507 00:20:45,310 --> 00:20:47,312 TOOLS COULD BE SEEN FLOATING OFF 508 00:20:47,379 --> 00:20:48,847 INTO SPACE ATTACHED TO THE 509 00:20:48,914 --> 00:20:50,482 DEBRIS SHIELD THAT WAS REMOVED 510 00:20:50,549 --> 00:20:52,784 TO GIVE ASTRONAUTS ACCESS TO THE 511 00:20:52,851 --> 00:20:53,986 HEART OF AMS 512 00:20:54,052 --> 00:20:55,754 >> THE DEGREE OF HANDLING AID 513 00:20:55,821 --> 00:20:57,723 WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TOOLS THAT 514 00:20:57,789 --> 00:21:00,092 LUCA INSTALLED ON THE EVA AND 515 00:21:00,158 --> 00:21:01,827 THIS GAVE US A HAND HOLD TO 516 00:21:01,893 --> 00:21:04,429 INSTALL IN THE DEBRIS SHIELD TO 517 00:21:04,496 --> 00:21:06,298 WORK FROM BUT ALSO A HANDLE FOR 518 00:21:06,365 --> 00:21:08,500 ME TO HOLD ONTO ULTIMATELY WHEN 519 00:21:08,567 --> 00:21:15,641 WE JETTISONED OVER. 520 00:21:15,707 --> 00:21:17,576 >> THEY CONTINUED WITH 3 MORE 521 00:21:17,643 --> 00:21:18,910 SPACEWALKS OVER THE NEXT TWO 522 00:21:18,977 --> 00:21:21,546 MONTHS USING ALL THE ESPECIALLY 523 00:21:21,613 --> 00:21:23,281 DESIGNED TOOLS. 524 00:21:23,348 --> 00:21:25,450 THE DIRECT RESULT OF MULTIPLE 525 00:21:25,517 --> 00:21:27,185 PRACTICE SESSIONS AT JOHNSON 526 00:21:27,252 --> 00:21:28,987 SPACE CENTER FACILITIES LIKE THE 527 00:21:29,054 --> 00:21:31,590 NEUTRAL BUOYANCY LAB, WHILE 528 00:21:31,657 --> 00:21:32,557 PRACTICING THEY COMMUNICATED THE 529 00:21:32,624 --> 00:21:34,359 NEED FOR A WAY TO IDENTIFY AND 530 00:21:34,426 --> 00:21:37,029 VERIFY THE CORRECT TUBES TO CUT 531 00:21:37,095 --> 00:21:38,230 SINCE THEY ALL LOOK THE SAME 532 00:21:38,296 --> 00:21:39,698 THROUGH THE ASTRONAUTS' EYES 533 00:21:39,765 --> 00:21:41,066 FROM THE SPACE STATION. 534 00:21:41,133 --> 00:21:42,968 >> AFTER WE HAD REMOVED THE 535 00:21:43,035 --> 00:21:45,570 DEBRIS SHIELD AND THE COVER, NOW 536 00:21:45,637 --> 00:21:48,006 WE HAVE THE TUBES EXPOSED AND WE 537 00:21:48,073 --> 00:21:49,474 ACTUALLY HAD TO CUT INTO THOSE 538 00:21:49,541 --> 00:21:51,276 TUBES IN ORDER TO PULL OUT THE 539 00:21:51,343 --> 00:21:52,611 CORRECT ONES TO CONNECT WITH THE 540 00:21:52,678 --> 00:21:54,846 NEW THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM, THE 541 00:21:54,913 --> 00:21:55,747 NUMBER PUMP. 542 00:21:55,814 --> 00:21:58,316 IN ORDER TO DO THAT WE HAD TO BE 543 00:21:58,383 --> 00:21:59,384 VERY SURE OF THE TUBES WE WERE 544 00:21:59,451 --> 00:21:59,685 CUTTING. 545 00:21:59,751 --> 00:22:02,554 THESE INGENIOUS TUBE CUTTING 546 00:22:02,621 --> 00:22:03,955 GUIDE INSTALLED OVER THE TOP OF 547 00:22:04,022 --> 00:22:05,557 THE TUBES AND MADE SURE WE KNEW 548 00:22:05,624 --> 00:22:08,193 AND COMMUNICATING CORRECTLY TO 549 00:22:08,260 --> 00:22:09,494 MAKE SURE WE WERE CUTTING THE 550 00:22:09,561 --> 00:22:11,663 CORRECT TUBES AT THE RIGHT TIME. 551 00:22:11,730 --> 00:22:15,200 >> IN JANUARY 2020, LUCA 552 00:22:15,267 --> 00:22:16,702 PARMITANO AND DREW MORGAN DID 553 00:22:16,768 --> 00:22:19,905 THE 4TH AND FINAL SPACEWALK TO 554 00:22:19,971 --> 00:22:20,639 REPAIR IT. 555 00:22:20,706 --> 00:22:23,108 BECAUSE OF THEIR WORK AND 556 00:22:23,175 --> 00:22:25,877 INGENUITY IS INSTRUMENT IS BACK 557 00:22:25,944 --> 00:22:27,479 AND ABLE TO COLLECT DATA ABOUT 558 00:22:27,546 --> 00:22:29,181 THE ORIGINS OF OUR UNIVERSE FOR 559 00:22:29,247 --> 00:22:34,820 YEARS TO COME. 560 00:22:34,886 --> 00:22:38,724 >> THEY SPENT A LOT OF TIME 561 00:22:38,790 --> 00:22:40,459 DEVELOPING THESE WITH THEIR 562 00:22:40,525 --> 00:22:43,762 KNOWLEDGE. 563 00:22:43,829 --> 00:22:45,263 WE ARE VERY GRATEFUL THAT WE 564 00:22:45,330 --> 00:22:48,867 WERE PRIVILEGED TO USE THOSE 565 00:22:48,934 --> 00:22:52,938 TOOLS AND PUT THEM TO GOOD USE. 566 00:22:53,004 --> 00:22:58,009 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 567 00:22:58,076 --> 00:23:00,112 >> IT'S POSITIONED 250 MILES 568 00:23:00,178 --> 00:23:01,279 ABOVE EARTH WHICH MAKES THE 569 00:23:01,346 --> 00:23:02,681 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION A 570 00:23:02,748 --> 00:23:04,583 GREAT LOCATION FOR SCIENTIFIC 571 00:23:04,649 --> 00:23:05,584 RESEARCH ABOUT THIS PLANET. 572 00:23:05,650 --> 00:23:07,652 THIS ONE RIGHT HERE. THERE'S AN 573 00:23:07,719 --> 00:23:09,221 INSTRUMENT ON BOARD THAT GATHERS 574 00:23:09,287 --> 00:23:11,323 INFORMATION ABOUT HOW PLANTS ON 575 00:23:11,389 --> 00:23:13,625 EARTH SWEAT, WHICH PROVIDES DATA 576 00:23:13,692 --> 00:23:15,360 TO SCIENTISTS WHO ARE MONITORING 577 00:23:15,427 --> 00:23:17,062 THE HEALTH OF EARTH'S 578 00:23:17,129 --> 00:23:32,444 VEGETATION. 579 00:23:32,511 --> 00:23:34,479 DID YOU EVER NOTICE HOW THE AIR 580 00:23:34,546 --> 00:23:36,948 CAN SEEM COOLER WHEN YOU ENTER A 581 00:23:37,015 --> 00:23:37,516 FOREST? 582 00:23:37,582 --> 00:23:39,351 HUMANS AREN'T THE ONLY THINGS TO 583 00:23:39,417 --> 00:23:40,318 SWEAT TO COOL OFF. 584 00:23:40,385 --> 00:23:42,587 WHEN TREES AND PLANTS SWEAT THEY 585 00:23:42,654 --> 00:23:44,022 COOL THEMSELVES AND COOL THE 586 00:23:44,089 --> 00:23:45,023 SURROUNDING AIR. 587 00:23:45,090 --> 00:23:47,893 THROUGH A PROCESS CALLED TRANS 588 00:23:47,959 --> 00:23:49,961 PERFORATION WATER AND NUTRIENTS 589 00:23:50,028 --> 00:23:51,930 ARE TAKEN UP BY PLANT ROOTS AND 590 00:23:51,997 --> 00:23:53,899 IS DELIVER TO DO THE STEM AND 591 00:23:53,965 --> 00:23:55,934 LEAVES AS PART OF 592 00:23:56,001 --> 00:23:56,368 PHOTOSYNTHESIS. 593 00:23:56,434 --> 00:24:06,778 SOME OF THE WATERS ENTER THROUGH 594 00:24:06,845 --> 00:24:08,246 PORES THAT SENSE THE SWEATING. 595 00:24:08,313 --> 00:24:11,116 HOWEVER WHEN THERE ISN'T ENOUGH 596 00:24:11,183 --> 00:24:13,185 WATER OR RELATIVE HUMIDITY GETS 597 00:24:13,251 --> 00:24:16,121 TOO HIGH IT CLOSES AND THE PLANT 598 00:24:16,188 --> 00:24:18,623 HEATS UP AND CEASES TO GROW AND 599 00:24:18,690 --> 00:24:21,159 CAN VIRTUALLY GROW. 600 00:24:21,226 --> 00:24:23,461 HEALTHY PLANT PROVIDE A NUMBER 601 00:24:23,528 --> 00:24:27,966 OF ECO SYSTEMS TO HUMANS AND 602 00:24:28,033 --> 00:24:30,168 PLANTS ALSO IMPACT THE CARBON 603 00:24:30,235 --> 00:24:37,976 LIFE A NEW NASA MISSION CALLED 604 00:24:38,043 --> 00:24:40,078 ECO STRESS SHORT FOR ECOSYSTEM 605 00:24:40,145 --> 00:24:44,816 SPACE BORN THERMAL WAS LAUNCHED 606 00:24:44,883 --> 00:24:46,218 TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 607 00:24:46,284 --> 00:24:50,255 STATION ON JUNE 29TH, 2018. 608 00:24:50,322 --> 00:24:52,591 ECO STRESS WILL STUDY HOW PLANTS 609 00:24:52,657 --> 00:24:59,497 SWEAT AND RESEARCH MONITOR THE 610 00:24:59,564 --> 00:25:02,334 HELP OF EARTH'S VEGETATION. 611 00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:03,568 YOUR TEMPERATURE IS ONE OF THE 612 00:25:03,635 --> 00:25:05,437 FIRST THINGS A DOCTOR WANTS TO 613 00:25:05,503 --> 00:25:09,007 KNOW SAYS SIMON HOOK ECO STRESS 614 00:25:09,074 --> 00:25:10,809 PLANS PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR. 615 00:25:10,876 --> 00:25:12,711 IT TELLS THE DOCTOR A LOT ABOUT 616 00:25:12,777 --> 00:25:13,879 YOUR CONDITION. 617 00:25:13,945 --> 00:25:15,280 TEMPERATURE IS AN EXTREMELY 618 00:25:15,347 --> 00:25:19,351 USEFUL INDICATOR FOR PLANTS TOO 619 00:25:19,417 --> 00:25:21,152 IT CAN INDICATE IF A PLANT IS 620 00:25:21,219 --> 00:25:22,254 STRESSED AND NEEDS MORE WATER 621 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:23,955 BEFORE THE PLANT COLLAPSES 622 00:25:24,022 --> 00:25:25,323 PROVIDING AN EARLY WARNING OF A 623 00:25:25,390 --> 00:25:27,759 POSSIBLE DROUGHT EXPLAINS HOOK. 624 00:25:27,826 --> 00:25:29,828 ECOSTRESS WILL BE ABLE TO 625 00:25:29,895 --> 00:25:30,896 MEASURE PLANT TEMPERATURES AND 626 00:25:30,962 --> 00:25:32,497 THEREFORE PLANT HEALTH OVER 627 00:25:32,564 --> 00:25:34,866 AREAS AS SMALL AS AN INDIVIDUAL 628 00:25:34,933 --> 00:25:37,302 FIELD. 629 00:25:37,369 --> 00:25:38,069 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 630 00:25:38,136 --> 00:25:40,005 IS WELL SUITED FOR THE ECO 631 00:25:40,071 --> 00:25:46,211 STRESS MISSION. 632 00:25:46,278 --> 00:25:49,314 THEY HAVE AN AREA AT THE SAME 633 00:25:49,381 --> 00:25:50,949 TIME EACH DAY AND PROVIDING A 634 00:25:51,016 --> 00:25:51,883 DAILY SNAPSHOT. 635 00:25:51,950 --> 00:25:54,152 BECAUSE OF THE SPACE STATION'S 636 00:25:54,219 --> 00:25:57,055 ORBIT ECO STRESS TEST IT SEES 637 00:25:57,122 --> 00:26:00,158 THE SAME SPOT ON EARTH EVERY FEW 638 00:26:00,225 --> 00:26:02,260 DAYS SO IT CAN TRACK CHANGES 639 00:26:02,327 --> 00:26:04,462 THROUGHOUT A TYPICAL DAY. 640 00:26:04,529 --> 00:26:06,364 IF PLANTS STOP RELEASING WATER 641 00:26:06,431 --> 00:26:09,434 TO CONSERVE SUPPLIES ECO STRESS 642 00:26:09,501 --> 00:26:10,802 WILL SEE A CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE 643 00:26:10,869 --> 00:26:12,137 COMPARED WITH PREVIOUS 644 00:26:12,203 --> 00:26:13,138 MEASUREMENTS OF THE SAME AREA. 645 00:26:13,204 --> 00:26:16,041 IT WILL DETECT THESE KINDS OF 646 00:26:16,107 --> 00:26:19,144 RESPONSES IN OTHER ECO STEMS AND 647 00:26:19,210 --> 00:26:21,413 DATA ACQUIRED MAY IN TIME HELP 648 00:26:21,479 --> 00:26:24,182 FARMERS DEVELOP CROP WATERING 649 00:26:24,249 --> 00:26:25,417 PROTOCOLS AND GIVE RESEARCHERS 650 00:26:25,483 --> 00:26:27,085 IS A CLEARER UNDERSTANDING OF 651 00:26:27,152 --> 00:26:28,053 THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT AND 652 00:26:28,119 --> 00:26:29,554 ASSIST WATER RESOURCE MANAGERS 653 00:26:29,621 --> 00:26:31,156 AND PLANNING EFFECTIVE WATER 654 00:26:31,222 --> 00:26:31,790 USE. 655 00:26:31,856 --> 00:26:34,125 IF DATA COULD ALSO REVEAL THE 656 00:26:34,192 --> 00:26:36,461 EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON NATURAL 657 00:26:36,528 --> 00:26:37,028 VEGETATION. 658 00:26:37,095 --> 00:26:38,563 FOR EXAMPLE, TO HELP IDENTIFY 659 00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:40,332 VULNERABLE TYPES OF TREES. 660 00:26:40,398 --> 00:26:41,766 FOREST MANAGERS AND ECOLOGISTS 661 00:26:41,833 --> 00:26:42,834 WILL BE ABLE TO USE THIS 662 00:26:42,901 --> 00:26:45,270 INFORMATION TO MAKE BETTER 663 00:26:45,337 --> 00:26:46,304 INFORMED DECISIONS. 664 00:26:46,371 --> 00:26:48,373 BUT THAT'S NOT ALL. 665 00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:50,041 ECOSTRESS TEMPERATURE DATA WILL 666 00:26:50,108 --> 00:26:51,743 BE USEFUL IN A WHOLE HOST OF 667 00:26:51,810 --> 00:26:53,511 WAYS, SAYS HOOK. 668 00:26:53,578 --> 00:26:55,513 WE'LL BE ABLE TO USE THE SAME 669 00:26:55,580 --> 00:26:57,248 TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED TO EXTRACT 670 00:26:57,315 --> 00:26:58,483 PLANT TEMPERATURE TO LOOK AT 671 00:26:58,550 --> 00:27:01,152 OTHER PHENOMENA SUCH AS THE 672 00:27:01,219 --> 00:27:03,355 TEMPERATURE OF VOLCANOS AND 673 00:27:03,421 --> 00:27:05,357 URBAN HEATWAVES AND WHITE FIRES 674 00:27:05,423 --> 00:27:07,359 AND COASTAL CURRENTS AND LAKES 675 00:27:07,425 --> 00:27:08,259 AND MORE. 676 00:27:08,326 --> 00:27:10,829 THAT'S WHOLE STORY IN ITSELF. 677 00:27:10,895 --> 00:27:12,364 WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS 678 00:27:12,430 --> 00:27:13,031 COOL MISSION? 679 00:27:13,098 --> 00:27:13,665 NO SWEAT. 680 00:27:13,732 --> 00:27:19,971 JUST VISIT SCIENCE.NASA.GOV. 681 00:27:20,038 --> 00:27:21,006 >> WANT ANOTHER LOOK AT ANY OF 682 00:27:21,072 --> 00:27:22,073 THOSE STORIES WE SHOWED YOU 683 00:27:22,140 --> 00:27:23,241 TODAY? 684 00:27:23,308 --> 00:27:25,210 YOU CAN FIND THEM ALL OF THEM ON 685 00:27:25,276 --> 00:27:27,512 YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK AT THOSE 686 00:27:27,579 --> 00:27:28,279 ADDRESSES RIGHT THERE. 687 00:27:28,346 --> 00:27:30,048 ALONG WITH LOTS OF OTHER GREAT 688 00:27:30,115 --> 00:27:32,283 FEATURES ON A WIDE VARIETY OF 689 00:27:32,350 --> 00:27:33,051 NASA TOPICS. 690 00:27:33,118 --> 00:27:34,519 IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR GOOD 691 00:27:34,586 --> 00:27:35,887 CONVERSATION ABOUT HUMAN 692 00:27:35,954 --> 00:27:37,355 SPACEFLIGHT CHECK OUT HOUSTON WE 693 00:27:37,422 --> 00:27:39,324 HAVE A PODCAST, OUR WEEKLY SHOW 694 00:27:39,391 --> 00:27:41,393 ABOUT ALL ASPECTS OF HUMAN 695 00:27:41,459 --> 00:27:42,827 SPACEFLIGHT AND NASA'S MISSIONS 696 00:27:42,894 --> 00:27:44,129 OF EXPLORATION. 697 00:27:44,195 --> 00:27:46,798 TODAY GARY JORDAN TALKS WITH 698 00:27:46,865 --> 00:27:49,100 DONNA MCKENZIE AND STEVE 699 00:27:49,167 --> 00:27:55,573 ROBINSON OF THIRD ROCK RADIO TO 700 00:27:55,640 --> 00:27:56,074 LEARN MORE. 701 00:27:56,141 --> 00:28:01,413 GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST FOR THIS 702 00:28:01,479 --> 00:28:02,714 WEEK'S EPISODE AND PREVIOUS. 703 00:28:02,781 --> 00:28:04,549 YOU'LL FIND THE FULL LIBRARY OF 704 00:28:04,616 --> 00:28:06,818 ALL NASA PODCASTS AND FIND THEM 705 00:28:06,885 --> 00:28:10,288 ALL ON APPLE PODCAST AND GOOGLE 706 00:28:10,355 --> 00:28:11,623 PODCAST AND SOUND CLOUD. 707 00:28:11,689 --> 00:28:13,391 YOU CAN GET THE LATEST DELIVERED 708 00:28:13,458 --> 00:28:14,426 TO YOU EVERY WEEK. 709 00:28:14,492 --> 00:28:15,493 GO TO NASA.GOV/SUBSCRIBE TO SIGN