IGNITION SEQUENCE STARTS.
>> GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO
THIS LOOK OVER THE SHOULDERS OF
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
FLIGHT CONTROL TEAM ON CONSOLE
AT NASA'S JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.
THEY ASSIST THE EXPEDITION 66
CREW MEMBERS AS THEY WORK WITH
THROUGH DAILY AGENDA AND STATION
MAINTENANCE.
COMMANDER ANTON HAVE BEEN BUSY
WITH ALL OF THAT ON TOP OF THEIR
WORK SUM PORTING THE ARRIVAL OF
THREE SHORT TERM CREWMATES WHO
DOCK IN A SOYUZ SPACECRAFT.
WELCOME TO THE 400TH EPISODE OF
SPACE TO GROUND.
TWO JAPANESE PARTICIPANTS
ARRIVED AT THE ORBITING
LABORATORY EARLIER THIS WEEK.
ON WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8TH,
THREE PEOPLE LAUNCH TO DO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
ABOARD THE SOYUZ MS 20
SPACECRAFT.
SPACECRAFT PARTICIPANTS WERE
LEAD BY COMMANDER AND ROSCOSMOS
ASTRONAUT AS IT LAUNCHED AT TWO
A.M. AND DOCKED 6 HOURS LATER.
THEY JOINED THE 7 ASTRONAUTS FOR
A SCHEDULED 11-DAY MISSION
BEFORE RETURNING TO EARTH.
THIS WEEK NASA ANNOUNCED THE 10
NEWEST ASTRONAUTS CANDIDATES OUT
OF 12,000 APPLICANTS
>> LET'S GIVE THEM A BIG ROUND
ARE OF APPLAUSE.
>> THE CANDIDATES WERE ANNOUNCED
ON MONDAY, DECEMBER 6TH.
THESE ASTRONAUTS WILL TRAIN IN
DISCIPLINES LIKE SPACE STATION
SYSTEMS AND T-38 FLYING AND
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ASK MORE.
THEY'LL SOME DAY TRAVEL TO THE
SPACE STATION AND EVENTUALLY THE
MOON WITH THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM.
AND NEW FACILITY IS FINDING ITS
HOME ABOARD THE ORBITING
LABORATORY THIS WEEK.
ON TUESDAY INSTALLATION BEGAN ON
THE CONDENSATION EXPERIMENT.
IT'S TO COLLECT DATA ABOUT HEAT
TRANSFER MICROGRAVITY.
WE'LL NEED TO GENERATE MORE
POWER AND HEAT PRODUCED NEEDS TO
BE DISSIPATED.
TWO SYSTEMS REDUCE THE SIZE AND
WEIGHT AND MAKE HEAT REMOVAL
MORE EFFICIENT.
THIS EXPERIMENT IS YET ANOTHER
WAY THE WORK BEING DONE ON THE
WORK STATION CONTINUES TO
PREPARE US FOR FUTURE
DESTINATIONS DEEPER INTO THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
THAT'S ALL FOR TODAY ON SPACE TO
GROUND.
WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
>> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION CREW MEMBERS ARE ALSO ON
THE LOOKOUT LATER WHEN THEY
ARRIVE WITH A NEW LOAD OF
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS.
HERE'S A FEW OF THE HIGHLIGHTS
OF WHAT'S ON THE WAY TO SPACE.
EACH GROUP OF ASTRONAUTS AND
COSMONAUTS WHO COMPLETE A LONG
DURATION MISSION TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
SPEND TIME ON A SUBSET OF THE
KINDS OF EXPERIMENT THAT'S ARE
HEAD TO DO THE STATION LATER
THIS MONTH.
RECENTLY THE ASTRONAUTS WHO RODE
TO SPACE ON THE CREW 2 SPACESHIP
CAME BACK WITH THEIR OWN LEGACY
OF WORK ON HUNDREDS OF
EXPERIMENTS.
HERE'S A LOOK AT SOME OF THEIR
ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING 199 DAYS
IN SPACE.
HE'S THE FIRST TO BE ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
>> THERE IS A LOT OF GREAT
SCIENCE AND WE'RE JUST EXCITED
TO LEARN AND GET STARTED.
THE EXPERIMENT THAT'S TAKING
MOST OF MY TIME RIGHT NOW IS
CALLED CELESTIAL IMMUNITY AND I
HAVE AN EXPERT THAT'S LOOKING
OVER MY SHOULDER VIA CAMERA AND
SHE CAN TALK TO ME STEP BY STEP
AS WE GO THROUGH THE PROCESS.
>> THAT LOOKS GOOD, MEGAN.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
I'M SURE I'LL BE TALKING TO YOU
TOMORROW.
>> YES, YOU WILL.
>> RECENTLY I'VE BEEN WORKING ON
AN INTERESTING MEDICATION THAT
CRAZY MONO CELLULAR BEING THAT
HAS NO BRAIN BUT CAN LEARN AND
SOLVE MAZES.
IT'S PRETTY CONTAINED AND IT'S
VERY TINY SO WE'RE WORKING ON
ALL KINDS OF ENDEAVORS LIKE THIS
EVERY DAY BRINGS ITS DISCOVERIES
ON THE SPACE STATION THAT'S VERY
EXCITING.
>> WELL DONE, BOTH OF YOU.
>> BEAUTIFUL.
>> WE'RE IN A SEASON NOW
ACTUALLY OF CARGO OPS.
WE HAVE TWO SPACECRAFT THAT
BROUGHT US CARGO AND NOW WE'RE
PACKING THEM BACK UP TO GET THEM
READY FOR DEPARTURE.
>> I'M ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION AND WE HELP OUT
SOME OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MEDICINE.
WITHOUT GRAVITY YOU GET LARGER
CHUNKS OF PURE PROTEIN CRYSTALS.
>> WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR TODAY
ARE NEEDLE-LIKE STRUCTURES.
PERFECTED.
THERE THEY ARE.
>> FANTASTIC VIEW THAT WE HAVE
WE SEE THE THIN LAYER PROTECTING
ALL OF YOU DOWN AT EARTH.
JUST TAKING CARE OF OUR PLANET.
THAT'S IN A CHANGE MENTALLY FROM
SEEING IT FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE.
>> WE ARE GROWING CHILI PEPPERS
IN THE JAPANESE EXPERIMENT
MODULE AND IT'S ONE OF MORE
COMPLICATED THINGS GROWN IN
SPACE SO THEY COME LONGER TO
COME TO FRUITION SO WE'RE HOPING
TO WE GET TO TRY SOME PEPPERS
BEFORE THE END OF OUR MISSION.
>> OVER THE YEARS THE
CAPABILITIES OF THE LABORATORY
EXPANDED AND GROWN ALONG WITH
THE INTEREST OF DOING THIS KIND
OF RESEARCH IN LOWER EARTH ORBIT
WHICH I THINK IS REMARKABLE.
WE'RE KIND AT THE PEAK OF THAT
AND SO WE HAVE SEEN A LITTLE BIT
OF EVERYTHING, RIGHT.
WE'VE DONE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
RESEARCH.
LOTS OF RESEARCH INTO MEDICATION
FORMATION AND FLUID RESEARCH,
COMBUSTION RESEARCH AND ROBOTICS
RESEARCH AND HUGE RANGE OF
DIFFERENT THINGS WE GOT TO TOUCH
DURING OUR MISSION AND THE WAY
SCIENCE WORKS AS YOU KNOW THIS
IS THE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR STUFF
TO COME.
THE RESULTS AND THESE
EXPERIMENTS WILL COME OUT IN THE
YEARS TO COME AND ALSO BE THE
FOUNDATION OF EXPERIMENTS THAT
ARE DESIGNED IN THE FOLLOWING
YEARS AND SO ALL OF THE RESEARCH
IS GOING TO BE STUFF THAT WE GET
TO SAY WE HAD A LITTLE BIT OF
THAT AND WE GOT OUR HANDS ON A
LITTLE BIT OF THAT WHICH IS A
PRETTY NEAT FEELING.
>> SOME POTENTIAL FUTURE CREW
MEMBERS ON THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION WERE THE CENTER OF
ATTENTION THIS WEEK.
AS LEAH NOTED A MOMENT AGO NASA
INTRODUCED A NEW CLASS OF 10
ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES WHO WILL
BEGIN TRAINING HERE AT THE
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER NEXT MONTH.
TAKE A LOOK.
THESE ARE THE FACES THAT YOU'LL
BE SEEING FROM SPACE AND MAYBE
FROM THE MOON AND MARS IN THE
YEARS TO COME.
>> LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, TODAY
WE ARE INTRODUCING TO YOU AND TO
THE WORLD
>> MY NAME IS LUKE DELANEY
RETIRED FROM THE MARINE CORPS
AND I'M AN ASTRONAUT CANDIDATE.
>> NASA ASTRONAUT IS EXPLORER AT
HEART.
I THINK THEY'RE THE VERY
EMBODIMENT YOU GET TO INSPIRE
PEOPLE FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE.
>> TO ME IT'S SOMEBODY WHO'S
ALWAYS CHALLENGING THEMSELVES
AND ALWAYS TRYING TO PUSH THE
BOUNDS OF MANKIND.
>> I WANT TO BE AN ASTRONAUT
SINCE I WAS A LITTLE KID.
I GREW UP WANTING TO LEARN HOW
TO FLY.
THOSE ARE MY EARLIEST MEMORIES
ARE WANTING TO BECOME AN
ASTRONAUT.
>> SINCE I WAS LITTLE I ALWAYS
HAD AN AFFINITY FOR THE SKY AND
SPACE AND STARS AND I SET MY
SIGHTS AS A VERY YOUNG CHILD ON
IT.
>> JUST A CHANCE TO EXPLORE AND
KEEP PUSHING WHERE WE CAN GO AND
WHAT'S POSSIBLE AND WHAT PEOPLE
ARE CAPABLE OF.
>> NASA ASTRONAUT IS AN
EXPLORER.
THEY GET TO GO UP AND LIVE IN
SPACE AND DO RESEARCH SO WE CAN
LEARN MORE ABOUT HUMAN
SPACEFLIGHT.
>> I THINK A NASA ASTRONAUT IS
THE MOST VISIBLE PART OF A MUCH
LARGER TEAM THAT ARE STRIVING TO
IMPROVE HUMANITY.
>> NASA ASTRONAUT TO ME IS AN
AMBASSADOR FOR THE NASA
ORGANIZATION.
>> THIS REALLY LUCKY TO BE THE
TIP OF THE HUGE ORGANIZATION
THAT'S ALL WORKING TOGETHER.
>> INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
CREW MEMBERS AND ASTRONAUT
CANDIDATES GET FOCUSSED TRAINING
ON HOW TO OPERATE STATION
EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS THE
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES GLOVE BOX,
AN ENCLOSED SPACE FOR
EXPERIMENTS THAT INVOLVE
POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.
IN THIS SPEEDY TIME SEGMENT
ASTRONAUT PEGGY WHITSON PULLS
THE RACK OUT OF THE WALL IN THE
LABORATORY SO SHOW US HOW THE
MSG WORKS
>> TODAY WE WANTED TO TALK TO
YOU ABOUT MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE'S
GLOVE BOX.
WE DO ALL KINDS OF EXPERIMENTS
IN HERE. I LOOKED AT HOW AIR
AND FLUID AND GROWN SUPER
CRYSTALS IN HERE. THIS IS TO
PROTECT US TO WHAT WAS HAPPENING
IN THE EXPERIMENT.
NOW I'M GROWING CELLS.
SO IT'S FLEXIBLE AND YOU CAN
CHANGE OUT ALL THE EXPERIMENTS
BY OPENING UP THIS BIG DOOR ON
THE FRONT AND ONCE WE GET THEM
SET UP INSIDE YOU CAN ACCESS
FROM THE SIDE OR YOU CAN USE AN
AIR LOCK.
LIKE A TRANSFORMER.
WHEN YOUR DONE YOU PUSH IT BACK
IN.
AND IT'S VERY NICE.
THE OTHER THING THAT GOES ALONG
WITH THIS IS OUR MICROSCOPE.
WE HAVE CAPABILITIES TO SEND
VIDEOS AND MAKING AND ZERO
GRAVITY.
THAT'S WHY THEY'RE DOING THE
RESEARCH HERE. SO VERY COOL
SCIENCE AND VERY COOL PIECE OF
HARDWARE.
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE'S GLOVE
BOX.
>> ASTRONAUTS ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
SPEND SOME OF THEIR TIME DOING
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS, SOME OF
THEIR TIME KEEPING SPACESHIP
OPERATING SAFELY AND SOMETIMES
THEY HELP EXPLAIN SCIENTIFIC
CONCEPTS TO STUDENTS ON EARTH.
IN THIS DEMONSTRATION VIDEO ONE
TIME STATION COMMANDER SUNNY
WILLIAMS GUIDE US AS MARK AND
JEFF WILLIAMS USE THE WEIGHTLESS
ENVIRONMENT TO EXPLAIN NEWTON'S
FIRST LAW OF MOTION.
>> HI.
I'M SONNY WILLIAMS IS AND I'M AN
ASTRONAUTS WHO LIVED AND WORKED
ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION AND AN AMAZING RESEARCH
LABORATORY THAT'S ORBITING THE
EARTH ABOUT 250 MILES ABOVE US.
WHILE WE'RE AT THE SPACE STATION
WE ASTRONAUTS LIVE AND WORK IN A
MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT.
DO YOU THINK THE LAWS OF PHYSICS
WILL HOLD UP IN THE SPACE
STATION WHILE EXPERIENCING
MICROGRAVITY?
LET'S CHECK WITH NASA ASTRONAUT
MARK VANDE HEI TO FIND OUT
>> NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION
SAYS AN OBJECT AT REST TENDS TO
STAY AT REST UNLESS ACTED ON BY
AN OUTSIDE FORCE.
ALSO AN OBJECT IN MOTION TENDS
TO STAY IN MOTION UNLESS ACTED
ON BY AN OUTSIDE FORCE LIKE MY
FINGER.
>> LET'S LOOK AT THIS FROM
ANOTHER ANGLE.
OVER TIME THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION SLOWS DOWN FROM
EXPERIENCING A VERY SMALL AMOUNT
OF DRAG OR FORCE FROM A TINY
AMOUNT OF ATOMIC OXYGEN IN
SPACE.
THIS IS LIKE THE FORCE YOU FEEL
FROM THE AIR IF YOU STICK YOUR
HAND OUT OF A MOVING CAR.
BECAUSE OF THIS, THE SPACE
STATION DOES WHAT WE CALL A
REBOOT.
THIS ALLOWS IT TO SPEED UP JUST
A LITTLE TO REMAIN IN ORBIT
AROUND THE EARTH.
LET'S JOIN NASA ASTRONAUT JEFF
WILLIAMS TO CHECK OUT WHAT
HAPPENS TO THE OBJECT INSIDE THE
SPACE STATION WHEN IT BEGINS.
>> THE WAY I'M GOING TO
DEMONSTRATE THE ACCELERATION IS
BY USING THIS CAMERA.
800 MILLIMETER LENS.
AND IS WE CAN SEE I CAN FLOAT IT
HERE AND THAT'S ALL REBOOST
GOING OUT RIGHT NOW SO IT WON'T
GO ANYWHERE.
IT WILL SLOWLY DRIFT DUE TO THE
VENTILATION OR IF I PUT ANY
VELOCITY INTO IT WILL DRIFT.
BUT I'LL TRY TO HOLD IT HERE
STEADY AND YOU CAN SEE IT STAYS
VERY STEADY.
THERE'S MY CAMERA.
I'M SETTING IT UP FOR IGNITION.
THERE IT GOES.
ACTUALLY CAME A LITTLE BIT
EARLY.
NOW WATCH THE CAMERA ACCELERATE
TOWARD YOU.
I'LL REACH OUT AND GRAB IT AND
BRING IT BACK INTO VIEW HERE.
AND I'M HOLDING -- I'M FEELING
THE ACCELERATION.
I'LL LET GO AGAIN AND HERE IT
GOES.
IT'S GOING TO TAKE OFF.
I'LL TRY NOT TO LET IT HIT YOU.
JUST GOING TO MISS YOU.
OKAY, I'M GOING TO LET GO NOW
AND HERE I GO DRIFTING BACK
TOWARD ME AGAIN.
THE ACCELERATION APPLIES TO ME
TOO.
2.7 METERS PER SECOND THAT WE
DESIRED AND NOW IF I LET GO OF
THE CAMERA IT'S NOT GOING
ANYWHERE.
IT'S OVER.
REBOOST COMPLETE AND WE'LL STAY
IN ORBIT A LITTLE WHILE LONGER
>> CAN YOU USE NEWTON'S FIRST
LAW TO EXPLAIN WHY THE CAMERA
BEGAN MOVING WITHOUT AN
ASTRONAUT PUT AGO FORCE DIRECTLY
ON IT?
I'M GOING TO SEND YOU BACK TO
CLASS SO YOU CAN START TO
INVESTIGATE THIS WITH THE
CLASSROOM CONNECTION FOUND AT
NASA.GOVDEMONSTRATIONS.
THANKS FURTHER EXPLORING A
LITTLE PHYSICS ON THE SPACE
STATION TODAY AND SEE YOU AGAIN
SOON.
THERE IS AN INSTRUMENT ON THE
OUTSIDE OF THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION THAT HAS BEEN
SIFTING THROUGH COSMIC RAY
PARTICLES SINCE 2011 TO HELP US
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF
OUR UNIVERSE.
BUT THE ALPHA MAGNETIC
SPECTROMETER WASN'T DESIGNED TO
OPERATE THAT LONG OR BE REPAIRED
IN SPACE SO IT COULD CONTINUE
ITS MISSION.
BUT NASA'S EXPLORATION AND
IN-SPACE SERVICES PROJECT
DIVISION ALONG WITH SOME FOLKS
HERE AT THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER
FIGURED OUT HOW TO DO JUST THAT
AND IN TODAY'S TECH ON DECK
EPISODE THEY SHOW US HOW THEY
DID IT.
IF YOU NEED TO FIX SOMETHING IN
SPACE THAT WASN'T DESIGNED TO BE
FIXED IT'S GOING TO TAKE ALL THE
EXPERIENCE YOU CAN GET.
WITH THAT IN MIND WHEN THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION'S
ALPHA MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER
NEEDED REPAIRS JOHNSON'S SPACE
CENTER AND GODDARD USED THEIR
ARE JOINT EXPERTISE TO MAKE
HAPPEN.
AT GODDARD THAT NEXUS WHICH
EVOLVED FROM THE OFFICE THAT WAS
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HUBBLE SPACE
TELESCOPE MISSION.
KEY TO THESE MISSIONS WAS THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED
TOOLS.
WHILE YOU PROBABLY HEARD OF
HUBBLE YOU MAY NOT BE AS
FAMILIAR WITH AMS.
SO LET'S START THERE.
DESIGNED FOR A 3 YEAR MISSION OF
SHIFTING THROUGH COSMIC RAY
PARTICLES IT'S BEEN LOOKING FOR
SIGNS OF DARK MATTER SINCE 2011.
HUNDREDS OF RESEARCHERS HAVE
USED THE DATA COLLECTED TO
INVESTIGATE THE SOURCE OF THE
MYSTERIOUS SUBSTANCE TO HELP US
BETTER UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS OF
THE UNIVERSE.
TO CONTINUE THIS IMPORTANT DATA
COLLECTION, AMS NEEDED AN
UPGRADE DUE TO GENERAL WEAR AND
TEAR FROM THE HARSH ENVIRONMENT
OF SPACE SPECIFICALLY A NEW
COOLING SYSTEM.
REPAIR TO EXTEND ITS LIFE BEYOND
WHAT YOU ORIGINALLY PLANNED,
SOUNDS EASY ENOUGH, RIGHT?
IN FACT DUE TO THE INSTRUMENT'S
COMPLEXITY AND NOT DESIGNED TO
BE REPAIRED EVEN GAINING ACCESS
TO THE SYSTEM TO REPLACE IT WAS
DIFFICULT.
AMS'S DESIGN DID NOT INCORPORATE
THE KIND OF INTERFACES THAT
MAKES SPACEWALKS EASIER OR HAVE
THE ABILITY TO BE SERVICED WITH
TRADITIONAL MULTIPURPOSED TOOLS.
OVER THE COURSE OF 4 YEARS NASA
GOT TO WORK DESIGNING AND
DEVELOPING SOME OF THE MOST
COMPLEX SPACEWALKS SINCE THE
HUBBLE SERVICE IGNITION IN THE
90'S AND EARLY 2000'S TO FIX AN
AMS
>> THEY WERE UNIQUE AND BUILT
SPECIFICALLY FOR THIS TASK A
TASK THAT WAS NEVER INTEND SAID
TO BE PERFORMED ON A SPACEWALK
SO THAT REQUIRED A LOT OF
THINKING ABOUT HOW WE WERE GOING
TO GET INSIDE SO THAT WE COULD
ACCESS THE TUBES THAT WE NEEDED
TO CUT INTO AND THEN INSTALL THE
NEW THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM.
BUT ALSO HOW TO PUT HANDLING
AIDS ON IT SO WE HAD A PLACE TO
ATTACH OUR TETHERS TO ATTACH OUR
FOOT RESTRAINTS AND HAVE HAND
HOLDS AND A PLACE TO ATTACH YOUR
EQUIPMENT THAT WE NEEDED OUT
THERE.
>> NASA DEVELOPED 20 SPECIALIZED
TOOLS TO MAKE THE JOB POSSIBLE
AND ON NOVEMBER 15TH, 2019,
ASTRONAUTS ANDREW MORGAN AND
LUCA PARMITANO GOT TO WORK.
ON THE FIRST SPACEWALK THEY
NEEDED ACCESS BY DESIGN 5 OF THE
TOOLS COULD BE SEEN FLOATING OFF
INTO SPACE ATTACHED TO THE
DEBRIS SHIELD THAT WAS REMOVED
TO GIVE ASTRONAUTS ACCESS TO THE
HEART OF AMS
>> THE DEGREE OF HANDLING AID
WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TOOLS THAT
LUCA INSTALLED ON THE EVA AND
THIS GAVE US A HAND HOLD TO
INSTALL IN THE DEBRIS SHIELD TO
WORK FROM BUT ALSO A HANDLE FOR
ME TO HOLD ONTO ULTIMATELY WHEN
WE JETTISONED OVER.
>> THEY CONTINUED WITH 3 MORE
SPACEWALKS OVER THE NEXT TWO
MONTHS USING ALL THE ESPECIALLY
DESIGNED TOOLS.
THE DIRECT RESULT OF MULTIPLE
PRACTICE SESSIONS AT JOHNSON
SPACE CENTER FACILITIES LIKE THE
NEUTRAL BUOYANCY LAB, WHILE
PRACTICING THEY COMMUNICATED THE
NEED FOR A WAY TO IDENTIFY AND
VERIFY THE CORRECT TUBES TO CUT
SINCE THEY ALL LOOK THE SAME
THROUGH THE ASTRONAUTS' EYES
FROM THE SPACE STATION.
>> AFTER WE HAD REMOVED THE
DEBRIS SHIELD AND THE COVER, NOW
WE HAVE THE TUBES EXPOSED AND WE
ACTUALLY HAD TO CUT INTO THOSE
TUBES IN ORDER TO PULL OUT THE
CORRECT ONES TO CONNECT WITH THE
NEW THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM, THE
NUMBER PUMP.
IN ORDER TO DO THAT WE HAD TO BE
VERY SURE OF THE TUBES WE WERE
CUTTING.
THESE INGENIOUS TUBE CUTTING
GUIDE INSTALLED OVER THE TOP OF
THE TUBES AND MADE SURE WE KNEW
AND COMMUNICATING CORRECTLY TO
MAKE SURE WE WERE CUTTING THE
CORRECT TUBES AT THE RIGHT TIME.
>> IN JANUARY 2020, LUCA
PARMITANO AND DREW MORGAN DID
THE 4TH AND FINAL SPACEWALK TO
REPAIR IT.
BECAUSE OF THEIR WORK AND
INGENUITY IS INSTRUMENT IS BACK
AND ABLE TO COLLECT DATA ABOUT
THE ORIGINS OF OUR UNIVERSE FOR
YEARS TO COME.
>> THEY SPENT A LOT OF TIME
DEVELOPING THESE WITH THEIR
KNOWLEDGE.
WE ARE VERY GRATEFUL THAT WE
WERE PRIVILEGED TO USE THOSE
TOOLS AND PUT THEM TO GOOD USE.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> IT'S POSITIONED 250 MILES
ABOVE EARTH WHICH MAKES THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION A
GREAT LOCATION FOR SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH ABOUT THIS PLANET.
THIS ONE RIGHT HERE. THERE'S AN
INSTRUMENT ON BOARD THAT GATHERS
INFORMATION ABOUT HOW PLANTS ON
EARTH SWEAT, WHICH PROVIDES DATA
TO SCIENTISTS WHO ARE MONITORING
THE HEALTH OF EARTH'S
VEGETATION.
DID YOU EVER NOTICE HOW THE AIR
CAN SEEM COOLER WHEN YOU ENTER A
FOREST?
HUMANS AREN'T THE ONLY THINGS TO
SWEAT TO COOL OFF.
WHEN TREES AND PLANTS SWEAT THEY
COOL THEMSELVES AND COOL THE
SURROUNDING AIR.
THROUGH A PROCESS CALLED TRANS
PERFORATION WATER AND NUTRIENTS
ARE TAKEN UP BY PLANT ROOTS AND
IS DELIVER TO DO THE STEM AND
LEAVES AS PART OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
SOME OF THE WATERS ENTER THROUGH
PORES THAT SENSE THE SWEATING.
HOWEVER WHEN THERE ISN'T ENOUGH
WATER OR RELATIVE HUMIDITY GETS
TOO HIGH IT CLOSES AND THE PLANT
HEATS UP AND CEASES TO GROW AND
CAN VIRTUALLY GROW.
HEALTHY PLANT PROVIDE A NUMBER
OF ECO SYSTEMS TO HUMANS AND
PLANTS ALSO IMPACT THE CARBON
LIFE A NEW NASA MISSION CALLED
ECO STRESS SHORT FOR ECOSYSTEM
SPACE BORN THERMAL WAS LAUNCHED
TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION ON JUNE 29TH, 2018.
ECO STRESS WILL STUDY HOW PLANTS
SWEAT AND RESEARCH MONITOR THE
HELP OF EARTH'S VEGETATION.
YOUR TEMPERATURE IS ONE OF THE
FIRST THINGS A DOCTOR WANTS TO
KNOW SAYS SIMON HOOK ECO STRESS
PLANS PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR.
IT TELLS THE DOCTOR A LOT ABOUT
YOUR CONDITION.
TEMPERATURE IS AN EXTREMELY
USEFUL INDICATOR FOR PLANTS TOO
IT CAN INDICATE IF A PLANT IS
STRESSED AND NEEDS MORE WATER
BEFORE THE PLANT COLLAPSES
PROVIDING AN EARLY WARNING OF A
POSSIBLE DROUGHT EXPLAINS HOOK.
ECOSTRESS WILL BE ABLE TO
MEASURE PLANT TEMPERATURES AND
THEREFORE PLANT HEALTH OVER
AREAS AS SMALL AS AN INDIVIDUAL
FIELD.
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
IS WELL SUITED FOR THE ECO
STRESS MISSION.
THEY HAVE AN AREA AT THE SAME
TIME EACH DAY AND PROVIDING A
DAILY SNAPSHOT.
BECAUSE OF THE SPACE STATION'S
ORBIT ECO STRESS TEST IT SEES
THE SAME SPOT ON EARTH EVERY FEW
DAYS SO IT CAN TRACK CHANGES
THROUGHOUT A TYPICAL DAY.
IF PLANTS STOP RELEASING WATER
TO CONSERVE SUPPLIES ECO STRESS
WILL SEE A CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
COMPARED WITH PREVIOUS
MEASUREMENTS OF THE SAME AREA.
IT WILL DETECT THESE KINDS OF
RESPONSES IN OTHER ECO STEMS AND
DATA ACQUIRED MAY IN TIME HELP
FARMERS DEVELOP CROP WATERING
PROTOCOLS AND GIVE RESEARCHERS
IS A CLEARER UNDERSTANDING OF
THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT AND
ASSIST WATER RESOURCE MANAGERS
AND PLANNING EFFECTIVE WATER
USE.
IF DATA COULD ALSO REVEAL THE
EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON NATURAL
VEGETATION.
FOR EXAMPLE, TO HELP IDENTIFY
VULNERABLE TYPES OF TREES.
FOREST MANAGERS AND ECOLOGISTS
WILL BE ABLE TO USE THIS
INFORMATION TO MAKE BETTER
INFORMED DECISIONS.
BUT THAT'S NOT ALL.
ECOSTRESS TEMPERATURE DATA WILL
BE USEFUL IN A WHOLE HOST OF
WAYS, SAYS HOOK.
WE'LL BE ABLE TO USE THE SAME
TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED TO EXTRACT
PLANT TEMPERATURE TO LOOK AT
OTHER PHENOMENA SUCH AS THE
TEMPERATURE OF VOLCANOS AND
URBAN HEATWAVES AND WHITE FIRES
AND COASTAL CURRENTS AND LAKES
AND MORE.
THAT'S WHOLE STORY IN ITSELF.
WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS
COOL MISSION?
NO SWEAT.
JUST VISIT SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>> WANT ANOTHER LOOK AT ANY OF
THOSE STORIES WE SHOWED YOU
TODAY?
YOU CAN FIND THEM ALL OF THEM ON
YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK AT THOSE
ADDRESSES RIGHT THERE.
ALONG WITH LOTS OF OTHER GREAT
FEATURES ON A WIDE VARIETY OF
NASA TOPICS.
IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR GOOD
CONVERSATION ABOUT HUMAN
SPACEFLIGHT CHECK OUT HOUSTON WE
HAVE A PODCAST, OUR WEEKLY SHOW
ABOUT ALL ASPECTS OF HUMAN
SPACEFLIGHT AND NASA'S MISSIONS
OF EXPLORATION.
TODAY GARY JORDAN TALKS WITH
DONNA MCKENZIE AND STEVE
ROBINSON OF THIRD ROCK RADIO TO
LEARN MORE.
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST FOR THIS
WEEK'S EPISODE AND PREVIOUS.
YOU'LL FIND THE FULL LIBRARY OF
ALL NASA PODCASTS AND FIND THEM
ALL ON APPLE PODCAST AND GOOGLE
PODCAST AND SOUND CLOUD.
YOU CAN GET THE LATEST DELIVERED
TO YOU EVERY WEEK.
GO TO NASA.GOV/SUBSCRIBE TO SIGN