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>>> Ignition sequence start.

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Good morning and welcome to this

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few of the International Space

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Station control room, the famous

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Mission control Houston.

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These men and women are

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monitoring the space station

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systems and working with the

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expedition 66 crewmembers as

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they move through the assigned

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tasks of the second half of

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their workday in space.

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Each day commander and his

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crewmates take care of their

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vehicle and support

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groundbreaking scientific

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research.

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This week they have also been

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getting ready to send two

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astronauts outside the station

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to prepare for some hardware

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upgrades.

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>> Welcome to space to ground.

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On Tuesday, March 15th NASA

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astronauts Kayla Barron and

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Rasha will perform 3A power

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channel preparation.

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ISS roll out upgrades have been

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ongoing since 2020.

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They will install the

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modification kit in preparation.

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The International Space Station

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has eight power channels.

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Each with electrical power

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generated from one Solar array

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wing extending from the stations

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trusts section.

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The original solar panels on

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four space shuttle missions from

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200-02-2009.

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The solar panel efficiency has

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degraded over time.

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NASA is upgrading the power

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system with a new roll out which

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will partially cover six of the

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eight original solar panels.

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When all six units are deployed

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on the station the power system

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will be capable of generating

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215 kilowatts of electricity.

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Back inside the station the

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science continues with cameras

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that could go across.

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Imagine advanced warnings of

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water shortage in the crop

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alerting them to changes in crop

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health days or weeks before they

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become visible?

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They would be able to head off

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those issues and decrease

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chances of crop losses.

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A new experiment outside the

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space station we intends to do

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just that.

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Kayla Barron installed a

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longwave infrared demonstrator

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for lift off on the external

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platform this week.

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The satellite will reside on the

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exposed stability of the

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Japanese experiments module for

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several months.

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It will transform transfer

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precise measurements or surface

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temperature and monitor water

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resources.

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This testing is the first step

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on the path to launching

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constellations of small

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satellites that could take

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measurements around the entire

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globe every day.

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This knowledge could help

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farmers achieve more yields and

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better quality crops.

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Thanks for watching.

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We will see you next week.

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♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

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>> When astronauts go outside

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the International Space Station

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as Raja Chari and Kayla Barron

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will do next week they have a

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human shaped spaceship in this

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demonstration video.

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Astronaut Ricky Arnold gives us

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a tour of the critical parts of

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the spacesuit that keep

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astronauts eight safe as they

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work in the harsh environment in

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space.

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♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

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We are standing in the quest

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Airlock which is divided into

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two parts.

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We have the equipment lock and

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we have the crew locked.

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This equipment lock has a hatch

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right here that closes and the

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crew lock has another latch.

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The extra vehicular mobility

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unit is a spacesuit and is

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divided roughly into two parts.

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We have the hard upper torso

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which is almost like a turtle

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shell.

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It's hard fiberglass shell.

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We also have the lower torso

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assembly.

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These spacesuits are our own

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little space crafts and they

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have everything you need to keep

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you alive out in space for seven

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or eight hours.

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Maybe even longer depending on

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how hard you are working.

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The only thing they do not have,

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they have radios, oxygen, carbon

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dioxide scrubbing, temperature

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control.

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It has everything you need

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except for one thing.

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A restroom.

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When we get ready for our event

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the first thing we put on in the

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morning is a diaper.

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That's our first layer.

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Then over the diaper we put on a

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pair of long johns.

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That is to keep our arms and

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legs from getting scraped up.

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It provides a little bit of

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wicking in case you are getting

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hot and sweaty.

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The next layer is our liquid

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cooling garment.

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The LT VG has little tubes

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running through it which allow

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water to circulate inside the LT

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VG to provide cooling when we

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are outside working really hard.

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We've got the diaper, long

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johns, the LT VG and then we

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will wear a spacesuit.

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Seven layers from the bladder on

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the inside which maintains

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pressure.

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That's a rubberized bladder.

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All the way up to the white

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layer on the outside.

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A crew member inside in the

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spacesuit is also wearing what

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we call a snoopy cap.

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It's a communication cap.

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We have a radios who can talk to

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not only Houston, but people on

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the space station and to each

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other.

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We wear this communication cap

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inside the helmet.

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Also another component, a key

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component of the EMU is the

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space helmet.

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The helmet has a gold visor,

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which protects us from the rays

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of the sun.

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We can bring it down.

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It is pretty bright out there.

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This visor helps reflect the

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rays of the sun so we can see

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and operate in daylight.

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At night time, we can raise this

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visor up here it gives us a

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clear view.

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In addition we have helmet

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lights built into the helmet.

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On top of the helmet we also

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have television cameras.

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The ground is able to watch us

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while we work through these TV

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cameras.

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The work is really all done with

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hands.

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Our gloves are the most

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important piece of equipment in

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order for us to work outside.

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One of the real challenges of

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the space cloth as you have this

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heavy glove which is inflated.

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It wants to stay like it's blown

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up like a balloon.

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But we walk by grabbing onto

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handrails and make our way along

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the ISS.

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Every time you move your hand

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you are fighting against a

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balloon that wants to inflate.

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On top of that, all of our

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equipment is in your hands.

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After six and a half or seven

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hours about fighting this glove

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it's a really long day and your

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hands are the things that are

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most exhausted after a seven

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hour day on the EVA.

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We are going out to work.

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You saw me move this mini

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workstation.

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The way we get our tools is on

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the mini workstation carried on

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the front.

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Every single tool we use is

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tethered to us.

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We do not want to accidentally

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create satellites.

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Our primary will remain attached

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to the ISS is the waste tether.

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It's a big hook that goes around

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the rail and anything else on

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the ISS.

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At latches on and has a locking

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mechanism as well to hold us

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nice and tight.

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We always want to have one of

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these attached if we are not

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holding on with our hands as

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well.

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The back of the EMU has the

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light support system.

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The life support system contains

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the equipment we need from a

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U.S. chafe radio to the oxygen

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tank to provide primary oxygen.

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One of the challenges inside

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this environment is it's easy to

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carry our oxygen with us but we

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generate a lot of carbon dioxide

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when we are out working hard.

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To combat that and deal with

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that we have canisters which are

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silver oxide.

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They are carried in the backpack

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along with a very large battery

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which provides all the

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electricity for us.

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I don't have a battery to show

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you today because we are in the

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process of charging them.

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We are about a month out from

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doing a spacewalk and we are

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getting ready for that.

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This canister is able to remove

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about seven or eight hours of

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carbon dioxide that a human can

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generate inside the spacesuit.

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EVA is have a lot to maintain

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the ISS.

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Read they repair

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mission-critical hardware,

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investigate malfunctions and

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install new hardware.

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The view is unbelievable.

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See you next time.

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♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

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>> All station spacewalks begin

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by getting the astronauts into

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the spacesuit that support them

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while out in the vacuum of

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space.

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It's an accelerated view of the

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lengthy process from the EVA

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during expedition 61.

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♪

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00:14:10,983 --> 00:14:43,249
♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

296
00:14:43,315 --> 00:14:44,984
♪

297
00:14:45,050 --> 00:15:05,971
♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

298
00:15:06,038 --> 00:15:08,207
The International Space Station

299
00:15:08,274 --> 00:15:09,708
is a platform in space

300
00:15:09,775 --> 00:15:10,743
supporting scientific

301
00:15:10,809 --> 00:15:12,645
investigations in a vast range

302
00:15:12,711 --> 00:15:14,413
of scientific disciplines.

303
00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:16,482
That includes astronomy.

304
00:15:16,548 --> 00:15:18,617
The neutron star interior

305
00:15:18,684 --> 00:15:21,020
composition Explorer out on the

306
00:15:21,086 --> 00:15:22,888
stations crossed was recently

307
00:15:22,955 --> 00:15:25,157
used to observe the merging of

308
00:15:25,224 --> 00:15:28,093
multimillion degree x-ray spots

309
00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:30,296
on the surface of an isolated

310
00:15:30,362 --> 00:15:31,497
neutron star.

311
00:15:31,563 --> 00:15:33,666
The crushed core of an exploded

312
00:15:33,732 --> 00:15:37,169
sun 13,000 light years away from

313
00:15:37,236 --> 00:15:51,950
here.

314
00:15:52,017 --> 00:15:52,918
♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

315
00:15:52,985 --> 00:16:38,597
♪

316
00:16:38,664 --> 00:16:39,598
♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

317
00:16:39,665 --> 00:17:10,963
♪

318
00:17:11,029 --> 00:17:11,897
♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

319
00:17:11,964 --> 00:17:51,203
♪

320
00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:51,804
>> The International Space

321
00:17:51,870 --> 00:17:53,906
Station is designed to be a

322
00:17:53,972 --> 00:17:55,507
laboratory in space that can

323
00:17:55,574 --> 00:18:02,147
provide benefits here on earth

324
00:18:02,214 --> 00:18:03,715
orbit in the years to come

325
00:18:03,782 --> 00:18:05,617
including our return to the moon

326
00:18:05,684 --> 00:18:07,152
in just a few years.

327
00:18:07,219 --> 00:18:08,754
A couple of recent experiments

328
00:18:08,821 --> 00:18:09,988
on the station have been

329
00:18:10,055 --> 00:18:15,527
building on all of those goals.

330
00:18:15,594 --> 00:18:22,401
Cementing our place in space.

331
00:18:22,468 --> 00:18:26,839
Presented by science at NASA.

332
00:18:26,905 --> 00:18:28,740
As your dog drag you around the

333
00:18:28,807 --> 00:18:30,342
block for his morning walk you

334
00:18:30,409 --> 00:18:31,877
will probably not think about

335
00:18:31,944 --> 00:18:33,111
the wonders of the neighborhood

336
00:18:33,178 --> 00:18:34,279
sidewalk.

337
00:18:34,346 --> 00:18:37,015
That concrete is pretty great.

338
00:18:37,082 --> 00:18:38,750
Next to water, it's the most

339
00:18:38,817 --> 00:18:41,253
widely used material on Earth.

340
00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:43,555
In the future, concrete may be

341
00:18:43,622 --> 00:18:45,457
equally useful off the planet

342
00:18:45,524 --> 00:18:46,792
when humans construct a

343
00:18:46,859 --> 00:18:48,827
permanent base on the moon.

344
00:18:48,894 --> 00:18:50,429
They will need sturdy stuff that

345
00:18:50,496 --> 00:18:51,763
can weather bombardments from

346
00:18:51,830 --> 00:18:53,532
solar radiation and media

347
00:18:53,599 --> 00:18:54,199
rights.

348
00:18:54,266 --> 00:18:55,667
No one wants a crack in their

349
00:18:55,734 --> 00:18:56,935
moon base.

350
00:18:57,002 --> 00:18:58,337
The key to making out of this

351
00:18:58,403 --> 00:19:00,272
world concrete may be to study

352
00:19:00,339 --> 00:19:01,940
it out of this world.

353
00:19:02,007 --> 00:19:03,575
Two experiments have taken place

354
00:19:03,642 --> 00:19:04,176
aboard the International Space

355
00:19:04,243 --> 00:19:07,913
Station or ISS to do just that.

356
00:19:07,980 --> 00:19:09,681
The microgravity investigation

357
00:19:09,748 --> 00:19:12,284
of cement solidification or mix

358
00:19:12,351 --> 00:19:14,653
and multiuse variable processing

359
00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:17,923
facility or MVP cell zero five

360
00:19:17,990 --> 00:19:19,525
researchers from Pennsylvania

361
00:19:19,591 --> 00:19:21,927
state University and gnashes

362
00:19:21,994 --> 00:19:23,996
space station are analyzing

363
00:19:24,062 --> 00:19:24,763
results.

364
00:19:24,830 --> 00:19:27,466
Concrete is a mixture of sand,

365
00:19:27,533 --> 00:19:29,434
gravel and rocks glued together

366
00:19:29,501 --> 00:19:31,103
by cement paste made of water

367
00:19:31,169 --> 00:19:33,171
and cement powder.

368
00:19:33,238 --> 00:19:34,907
It is not as mundane as it

369
00:19:34,973 --> 00:19:35,574
looks.

370
00:19:35,641 --> 00:19:37,342
Under the surface, it's quite

371
00:19:37,409 --> 00:19:38,143
complex.

372
00:19:38,210 --> 00:19:40,078
What goes on there is key to its

373
00:19:40,145 --> 00:19:41,747
strength and durability.

374
00:19:41,813 --> 00:19:43,549
Yet scientists still don't

375
00:19:43,615 --> 00:19:45,083
understand all the details of

376
00:19:45,150 --> 00:19:46,385
concrete chemistry and

377
00:19:46,451 --> 00:19:48,220
microscopic structure.

378
00:19:48,287 --> 00:19:50,222
Processing methods are not cast

379
00:19:50,289 --> 00:19:51,023
in stone.

380
00:19:51,089 --> 00:19:52,291
There is plenty of room for

381
00:19:52,357 --> 00:19:53,926
improvement.

382
00:19:53,992 --> 00:19:55,827
Alexandra, principal

383
00:19:55,894 --> 00:19:57,029
investigator for both

384
00:19:57,095 --> 00:19:58,730
experiments says, our

385
00:19:58,797 --> 00:20:00,165
experiments are focused on the

386
00:20:00,232 --> 00:20:01,533
cement paste that holds the

387
00:20:01,600 --> 00:20:03,468
concrete mixture together.

388
00:20:03,535 --> 00:20:04,870
We want to know what grows

389
00:20:04,937 --> 00:20:06,605
inside cement based concrete

390
00:20:06,672 --> 00:20:08,073
when there is no gravity driven

391
00:20:08,140 --> 00:20:10,776
phenomena such as sedimentation.

392
00:20:10,842 --> 00:20:12,244
It all begins when water is

393
00:20:12,311 --> 00:20:13,779
added to the cement.

394
00:20:13,845 --> 00:20:15,414
To put it very simply, the

395
00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:16,949
cements molecular structure

396
00:20:17,015 --> 00:20:18,450
changes when the cement grains

397
00:20:18,517 --> 00:20:20,152
dissolve.

398
00:20:20,218 --> 00:20:21,987
She explains as the old

399
00:20:22,054 --> 00:20:24,089
molecules dissolve, calcium

400
00:20:24,156 --> 00:20:25,824
silicate hydrate and calcium

401
00:20:25,891 --> 00:20:28,660
hydroxide start to crystallize.

402
00:20:28,727 --> 00:20:30,429
Millions of these tiny crystals

403
00:20:30,495 --> 00:20:32,064
form all through the mixture

404
00:20:32,130 --> 00:20:33,865
interlocking with one another

405
00:20:33,932 --> 00:20:34,967
and the other concrete

406
00:20:35,033 --> 00:20:37,135
ingredients such as gravel.

407
00:20:37,202 --> 00:20:38,737
The ISS experiments are

408
00:20:38,804 --> 00:20:40,238
researching how this all plays

409
00:20:40,305 --> 00:20:42,007
out in space.

410
00:20:42,074 --> 00:20:43,508
She says it could change the

411
00:20:43,575 --> 00:20:45,143
distribution of the crystal

412
00:20:45,210 --> 00:20:46,812
micro structure and ultimately

413
00:20:46,878 --> 00:20:49,014
the material properties.

414
00:20:49,081 --> 00:20:50,882
The ratio of the water cement

415
00:20:50,949 --> 00:20:52,551
powder is critical to making the

416
00:20:52,618 --> 00:20:54,086
concrete components combine

417
00:20:54,152 --> 00:20:55,787
effectively and determining the

418
00:20:55,854 --> 00:20:57,189
strength and durability of the

419
00:20:57,255 --> 00:20:58,590
final concrete.

420
00:20:58,657 --> 00:21:00,092
Will this ratio need to be

421
00:21:00,158 --> 00:21:01,259
different on the moon where

422
00:21:01,326 --> 00:21:03,028
gravity is about one sixth of

423
00:21:03,095 --> 00:21:03,962
earths?

424
00:21:04,029 --> 00:21:05,397
That's the kind of question the

425
00:21:05,464 --> 00:21:07,466
experiment will shed light on.

426
00:21:07,532 --> 00:21:09,101
For the mix experiment,

427
00:21:09,167 --> 00:21:10,669
astronauts added water to a

428
00:21:10,736 --> 00:21:12,537
series of packets containing dry

429
00:21:12,604 --> 00:21:13,772
cement powder.

430
00:21:13,839 --> 00:21:15,674
Then added alcohol to some of

431
00:21:15,741 --> 00:21:16,742
the packets to stop the

432
00:21:16,808 --> 00:21:18,777
hydration process at specified

433
00:21:18,844 --> 00:21:19,911
times.

434
00:21:19,978 --> 00:21:23,248
For MVP cell 05 astronauts also

435
00:21:23,315 --> 00:21:24,750
hydrated dry cement.

436
00:21:24,816 --> 00:21:26,051
But for this experiment they

437
00:21:26,118 --> 00:21:27,886
used a centrifuge on board the

438
00:21:27,953 --> 00:21:29,788
ISS to simulate gravity at a

439
00:21:29,855 --> 00:21:32,057
number of checks including lunar

440
00:21:32,124 --> 00:21:34,259
gravity and Martian gravity.

441
00:21:34,326 --> 00:21:36,461
Both experiments the samples

442
00:21:36,528 --> 00:21:37,663
were returned to Earth for

443
00:21:37,729 --> 00:21:38,630
analysis.

444
00:21:38,697 --> 00:21:40,165
We are already seeing and

445
00:21:40,232 --> 00:21:43,769
documenting unexpected results.

446
00:21:43,835 --> 00:21:45,637
The coprincipal investigator for

447
00:21:45,704 --> 00:21:49,374
MVP cell 05 said what we find

448
00:21:49,441 --> 00:21:51,043
could lead to improvements in

449
00:21:51,109 --> 00:21:52,944
concrete both in space in on

450
00:21:53,011 --> 00:21:53,545
earth.

451
00:21:53,612 --> 00:21:55,414
Since cement is used extensively

452
00:21:55,480 --> 00:21:57,416
around the world, even a small

453
00:21:57,482 --> 00:21:58,517
improvement could have a

454
00:21:58,583 --> 00:22:00,252
tremendous impact.

455
00:22:00,318 --> 00:22:02,020
We might even end up with better

456
00:22:02,087 --> 00:22:05,223
sidewalks for walking our dogs.

457
00:22:05,290 --> 00:22:06,024
For more from the International

458
00:22:06,091 --> 00:22:10,395
Space Station, go to www. NASA

459
00:22:10,462 --> 00:22:13,632
.gov/ISS/science.

460
00:22:13,699 --> 00:22:15,834
For more information on matters

461
00:22:15,901 --> 00:22:26,945
visit science that NASA .gov.

462
00:22:27,012 --> 00:22:28,814
>> NASA's Artemis program will

463
00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:30,582
return Americans to the moon in

464
00:22:30,649 --> 00:22:31,883
a few years and help get us

465
00:22:31,950 --> 00:22:34,086
ready to go on to Mars.

466
00:22:34,152 --> 00:22:35,987
Knowledge of the geology of both

467
00:22:36,054 --> 00:22:37,856
locations will be important.

468
00:22:37,923 --> 00:22:40,025
Recently, the next to last man

469
00:22:40,092 --> 00:22:41,893
on the moon, Apollo astronaut

470
00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:43,595
Harrison Schmitt and asked her

471
00:22:43,662 --> 00:22:45,664
not Jessica Watkins, who is just

472
00:22:45,731 --> 00:22:47,599
a month away now from walking to

473
00:22:47,666 --> 00:22:49,201
the International Space Station

474
00:22:49,267 --> 00:22:51,403
on the crew 4 Mission met up at

475
00:22:51,470 --> 00:22:53,238
the Johnson space centers moon

476
00:22:53,305 --> 00:22:55,741
rock lab so the two geologists

477
00:22:55,807 --> 00:22:57,209
could discuss how what we learn

478
00:22:57,275 --> 00:22:59,411
from Apollo will inform our

479
00:22:59,478 --> 00:23:03,648
efforts in Artemis.

480
00:23:03,715 --> 00:23:08,120
>> A sample from both sides.

481
00:23:08,186 --> 00:23:10,122
I just got a chunk from that

482
00:23:10,188 --> 00:23:18,263
side.

483
00:23:18,330 --> 00:23:25,337
♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪

484
00:23:25,403 --> 00:23:28,907
>> Can you talk about what went

485
00:23:28,974 --> 00:23:30,609
into your sampling strategy and

486
00:23:30,675 --> 00:23:32,177
how you chose which samples to

487
00:23:32,244 --> 00:23:33,445
bring back?

488
00:23:33,512 --> 00:23:35,147
>> The idea was to get as broad

489
00:23:35,213 --> 00:23:36,882
a spectrum of new samples as we

490
00:23:36,948 --> 00:23:37,916
possibly could.

491
00:23:37,983 --> 00:23:39,951
That turned out pretty well.

492
00:23:40,018 --> 00:23:46,324
In fact, we sampled what we call

493
00:23:46,391 --> 00:23:48,460
an injector from three major

494
00:23:48,527 --> 00:23:50,829
basins, maybe four.

495
00:23:50,896 --> 00:23:53,865
We sampled fragments that came

496
00:23:53,932 --> 00:23:54,900
from the moon.

497
00:23:54,966 --> 00:23:56,701
We didn't know that at the time.

498
00:23:56,768 --> 00:23:58,036
That was only recently we

499
00:23:58,103 --> 00:24:00,438
figured that out.

500
00:24:00,505 --> 00:24:03,608
And we also than added to our

501
00:24:03,675 --> 00:24:06,378
broad knowledge and history of

502
00:24:06,444 --> 00:24:08,280
these volcanic eruptions that

503
00:24:08,346 --> 00:24:09,548
occurred on the moon at the

504
00:24:09,614 --> 00:24:11,082
time.

505
00:24:11,149 --> 00:24:13,418
When you go to the moon on your

506
00:24:13,485 --> 00:24:18,023
way to Mars, that education, I

507
00:24:18,089 --> 00:24:19,925
think you will get on the moon,

508
00:24:19,991 --> 00:24:22,427
will be very relevant to Mars.

509
00:24:22,494 --> 00:24:24,729
Mars, of course, does not have

510
00:24:24,796 --> 00:24:26,531
that micro meteorite impact

511
00:24:26,598 --> 00:24:28,533
environment.

512
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,003
It has a small atmosphere.

513
00:24:32,070 --> 00:24:34,406
That tells us about the small

514
00:24:34,472 --> 00:24:35,140
impact.

515
00:24:35,207 --> 00:24:36,708
The main process on the moon

516
00:24:36,775 --> 00:24:38,310
using the micro meteorite

517
00:24:38,376 --> 00:24:41,847
impacts on the surface.

518
00:24:41,913 --> 00:24:43,315
The SolarWinds are made up of

519
00:24:43,381 --> 00:24:45,650
high energy particles that may

520
00:24:45,717 --> 00:24:48,353
move on the surface rocks as

521
00:24:48,420 --> 00:24:51,523
well as change the character on

522
00:24:51,590 --> 00:24:52,357
the moon.

523
00:24:52,424 --> 00:24:54,693
On Mars, the dominant erosion

524
00:24:54,759 --> 00:24:57,729
forces.

525
00:24:57,796 --> 00:25:00,732
If you are used to studying here

526
00:25:00,799 --> 00:25:05,704
on earth, you could learn a lot.

527
00:25:05,770 --> 00:25:06,872
This is what you will see on

528
00:25:06,938 --> 00:25:09,541
Mars.

529
00:25:09,608 --> 00:25:11,509
If we hadn't had the moon, we

530
00:25:11,576 --> 00:25:13,979
wouldn't understand or even

531
00:25:14,045 --> 00:25:18,817
speculate intelligently about

532
00:25:18,884 --> 00:25:28,260
what might happen.

533
00:25:28,326 --> 00:25:30,028
>> Astronauts are public figures

534
00:25:30,095 --> 00:25:31,463
and much of their history is

535
00:25:31,529 --> 00:25:32,297
well known.

536
00:25:32,364 --> 00:25:33,798
But not all of it.

537
00:25:33,865 --> 00:25:35,800
Before they launched, re-grilled

538
00:25:35,867 --> 00:25:37,302
the astronauts who flew to the

539
00:25:37,369 --> 00:25:39,871
station on the NASA SpaceX crew

540
00:25:39,938 --> 00:25:41,006
mission.

541
00:25:41,072 --> 00:25:43,241
Raja Chari, Thomas Marshburn,

542
00:25:43,308 --> 00:25:44,910
Kayla Barron and Matthias Maurer

543
00:25:44,976 --> 00:25:46,411
in order to discover the truth

544
00:25:46,478 --> 00:25:47,913
about their favorite foods,

545
00:25:47,979 --> 00:25:49,347
guilty pleasures and what these

546
00:25:49,414 --> 00:25:50,882
explorers would do with a day

547
00:25:50,949 --> 00:26:04,429
off on the moon.

548
00:26:04,496 --> 00:26:07,399
>> 3, 2, 1.

549
00:26:07,465 --> 00:26:08,533
>> Star Wars.

550
00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:14,940
Stanley crew bricks 2001.

551
00:26:15,006 --> 00:26:16,975
>> It depends on the Aero of my

552
00:26:17,042 --> 00:26:17,475
life.

553
00:26:17,542 --> 00:26:19,511
I would probably say dune

554
00:26:19,577 --> 00:26:23,148
overall.

555
00:26:23,214 --> 00:26:27,052
>> The Rick Atkinson series.

556
00:26:27,118 --> 00:26:28,853
>> Just relaxing.

557
00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:30,588
>> Playing with my kids.

558
00:26:30,655 --> 00:26:32,157
>> Backpacking.

559
00:26:32,223 --> 00:26:34,059
>> Backpacking.

560
00:26:34,125 --> 00:26:35,994
>> It would be peanut butter.

561
00:26:36,061 --> 00:26:37,162
>> That's a hard one.

562
00:26:37,228 --> 00:26:40,732
I like almost all foods.

563
00:26:40,799 --> 00:26:42,367
>> Fall.

564
00:26:42,434 --> 00:26:44,302
>> Fall.

565
00:26:44,369 --> 00:26:46,871
>> Acoustic guitar.

566
00:26:46,938 --> 00:26:48,306
>> Guitar.

567
00:26:48,373 --> 00:26:50,008
I have a lack of talent.

568
00:26:50,075 --> 00:26:52,444
I practice a lot.

569
00:26:52,510 --> 00:26:55,814
>> Pesto.

570
00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:57,716
>> Tomato and pepperoni.

571
00:26:57,782 --> 00:26:59,084
>> I like a spicy Italian

572
00:26:59,150 --> 00:27:00,652
sausage.

573
00:27:00,719 --> 00:27:01,686
>> Water polo.

574
00:27:01,753 --> 00:27:03,555
Anything in the water.

575
00:27:03,621 --> 00:27:04,856
>> Probably kickball with my

576
00:27:04,923 --> 00:27:06,658
kids.

577
00:27:06,725 --> 00:27:08,293
>> European football.

578
00:27:08,360 --> 00:27:09,894
Swimming.

579
00:27:09,961 --> 00:27:11,329
>> Track.

580
00:27:11,396 --> 00:27:12,664
>> Coffee.

581
00:27:12,731 --> 00:27:13,765
>> T.

582
00:27:13,832 --> 00:27:16,234
>> Definitely coffee.

583
00:27:16,301 --> 00:27:17,569
>> Dancing.

584
00:27:17,635 --> 00:27:18,837
>> Singing.

585
00:27:18,903 --> 00:27:21,406
>> I am bad at dancing.

586
00:27:21,473 --> 00:27:23,408
>> I have two answers for this.

587
00:27:23,475 --> 00:27:25,176
Probably learning Russian.

588
00:27:25,243 --> 00:27:26,644
It's challenging for me.

589
00:27:26,711 --> 00:27:29,114
Definitely spacewalk training.

590
00:27:29,180 --> 00:27:32,283
>> MBL or spacewalk training.

591
00:27:32,350 --> 00:27:35,387
>> Speaking Russian in space.

592
00:27:35,453 --> 00:27:37,088
>> Definitely look at rocks with

593
00:27:37,155 --> 00:27:39,290
Jessica Watkins.

594
00:27:39,357 --> 00:27:41,493
>> I would go on a buggy ride.

595
00:27:41,559 --> 00:27:43,294
>> I would be skipping, running

596
00:27:43,361 --> 00:27:44,863
and climbing any crater I can

597
00:27:44,929 --> 00:27:45,864
find.

598
00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:46,998
>> I would like to jump as high

599
00:27:47,065 --> 00:27:48,433
as I can to prove that I can

600
00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,435
jump six times as high on the

601
00:27:50,502 --> 00:27:51,069
earth.

602
00:27:51,136 --> 00:27:52,570
The second thing I would do is

603
00:27:52,637 --> 00:27:55,407
try to go on the moon.

604
00:27:55,473 --> 00:27:58,043
>> It would be flying.

605
00:27:58,109 --> 00:28:01,579
>> Time travel.

606
00:28:01,646 --> 00:28:02,680
>> Eating ice cream.

607
00:28:02,747 --> 00:28:04,616
Way too many.

608
00:28:04,682 --> 00:28:06,718
>> Cookie cake.

609
00:28:06,785 --> 00:28:08,086
>> I would say never close a

610
00:28:08,153 --> 00:28:09,454
door on yourself.

611
00:28:09,521 --> 00:28:12,023
Don't sell out opportunities.

612
00:28:12,090 --> 00:28:13,224
You have to put yourself out

613
00:28:13,291 --> 00:28:14,526
there if you want to pursue your

614
00:28:14,592 --> 00:28:16,161
dream.

615
00:28:16,227 --> 00:28:17,028
>> Keep at it.

616
00:28:17,095 --> 00:28:18,163
Stay persistent.

617
00:28:18,229 --> 00:28:19,297
Don't worry about it.

618
00:28:19,364 --> 00:28:21,032
It will be okay.

619
00:28:21,099 --> 00:28:22,367
>> Relax and enjoy the moment a

620
00:28:22,434 --> 00:28:22,967
bit.

621
00:28:23,034 --> 00:28:23,902
I'd like to do another

622
00:28:23,968 --> 00:28:25,170
spacewalk.

623
00:28:25,236 --> 00:28:27,872
>> I'd love to do a spacewalk.

624
00:28:27,939 --> 00:28:30,175
>> Doing in EVA and hopefully

625
00:28:30,241 --> 00:28:31,576
walking on the moon is the

626
00:28:31,643 --> 00:28:34,279
third.

627
00:28:34,345 --> 00:28:35,680
>> I won't go into specifics but

628
00:28:35,747 --> 00:28:36,881
it has to do with using the

629
00:28:36,948 --> 00:28:43,121
bathroom.

630
00:28:43,188 --> 00:28:44,989
>> Will technology originally

631
00:28:45,056 --> 00:28:45,757
developed for the International

632
00:28:45,824 --> 00:28:47,992
Space Station has found a way to

633
00:28:48,059 --> 00:28:49,694
help humans here on earth in the

634
00:28:49,761 --> 00:28:51,229
operating room.

635
00:28:51,296 --> 00:28:52,630
The company that developed and

636
00:28:52,697 --> 00:28:54,265
built the space station robotic

637
00:28:54,332 --> 00:28:56,134
arm has worked with a medical

638
00:28:56,201 --> 00:28:58,636
device manufacturer to create an

639
00:28:58,703 --> 00:29:00,472
automated robotic arm that

640
00:29:00,538 --> 00:29:02,173
tracks the movement of the

641
00:29:02,240 --> 00:29:03,741
surgeon's tools and helps to

642
00:29:03,808 --> 00:29:05,910
expedite brain and spinal

643
00:29:05,977 --> 00:29:09,447
surgeries.

644
00:29:09,514 --> 00:29:10,048
>> The International Space

645
00:29:10,115 --> 00:29:13,384
Station is probably the most

646
00:29:13,451 --> 00:29:16,087
fantastic vehicle ever built.

647
00:29:16,154 --> 00:29:17,355
>> It's the one-of-a-kind

648
00:29:17,422 --> 00:29:21,192
laboratory about 250 miles above

649
00:29:21,259 --> 00:29:22,360
the earth.

650
00:29:22,427 --> 00:29:23,795
>> We perform experiments on the

651
00:29:23,862 --> 00:29:25,897
International Space Station.

652
00:29:25,964 --> 00:29:26,898
>> We can do science.

653
00:29:26,965 --> 00:29:28,166
We can do experiments.

654
00:29:28,233 --> 00:29:29,434
We can do things out of this

655
00:29:29,501 --> 00:29:30,635
world.

656
00:29:30,702 --> 00:29:32,203
Wit will help benefit the people

657
00:29:32,270 --> 00:29:33,671
on the ground.

658
00:29:33,738 --> 00:29:36,241
>> Not only that, we actually

659
00:29:36,307 --> 00:29:37,742
assemble the space station.

660
00:29:37,809 --> 00:29:39,344
The International Space Station

661
00:29:39,410 --> 00:29:41,746
is designed with essentially

662
00:29:41,813 --> 00:29:43,481
designed like a Lego toy.

663
00:29:43,548 --> 00:29:44,949
Lots of big pieces that need to

664
00:29:45,016 --> 00:29:45,950
be put together.

665
00:29:46,017 --> 00:29:47,318
Some are about the size of a

666
00:29:47,385 --> 00:29:49,220
city bus.

667
00:29:49,287 --> 00:29:50,088
>> We needed a way of

668
00:29:50,155 --> 00:29:51,789
manipulating or moving these big

669
00:29:51,856 --> 00:29:53,691
pieces and very precisely

670
00:29:53,758 --> 00:29:55,527
putting them together.

671
00:29:55,593 --> 00:29:56,127
>> We worked with the

672
00:29:56,194 --> 00:29:57,929
contractor.

673
00:29:57,996 --> 00:29:59,197
With that company we came up

674
00:29:59,264 --> 00:30:00,431
with a design that would meet

675
00:30:00,498 --> 00:30:01,166
the needs of the International

676
00:30:01,232 --> 00:30:03,468
Space Station.

677
00:30:03,535 --> 00:30:04,569
>> The solution to that was

678
00:30:04,636 --> 00:30:06,237
using a fairly large robotic

679
00:30:06,304 --> 00:30:07,038
arm.

680
00:30:07,105 --> 00:30:09,641
That just ended up being the arm

681
00:30:09,707 --> 00:30:10,275
2.

682
00:30:10,341 --> 00:30:11,543
It can move around the space

683
00:30:11,609 --> 00:30:13,645
station, grab payloads and move

684
00:30:13,711 --> 00:30:15,113
them to where they needed to be

685
00:30:15,180 --> 00:30:16,381
so the space station could be

686
00:30:16,447 --> 00:30:18,049
assembled.

687
00:30:18,116 --> 00:30:18,950
>> You couldn't have built of

688
00:30:19,017 --> 00:30:19,851
vehicle like the International

689
00:30:19,918 --> 00:30:22,120
Space Station without robotics

690
00:30:22,187 --> 00:30:31,362
like this.

691
00:30:31,429 --> 00:30:32,397
>> That was when we started

692
00:30:32,463 --> 00:30:34,566
talking to them.

693
00:30:34,632 --> 00:30:35,967
Knowing they have done this

694
00:30:36,034 --> 00:30:37,268
before in space we thought it

695
00:30:37,335 --> 00:30:38,670
would be easy for them to bring

696
00:30:38,736 --> 00:30:39,971
that experience and that

697
00:30:40,038 --> 00:30:42,473
technology into the area and

698
00:30:42,540 --> 00:30:43,575
help us with our medical

699
00:30:43,641 --> 00:30:44,642
robotics.

700
00:30:44,709 --> 00:30:46,477
We work with MDA to Create

701
00:30:46,544 --> 00:30:47,245
Drive.

702
00:30:47,312 --> 00:30:49,147
Drive is a robot mounted onto a

703
00:30:49,214 --> 00:30:50,748
base that holds a surgical

704
00:30:50,815 --> 00:30:52,317
camera that can be automatically

705
00:30:52,383 --> 00:30:53,818
positioned to any surgical

706
00:30:53,885 --> 00:30:55,220
instrument tracked by our

707
00:30:55,286 --> 00:30:56,321
system.

708
00:30:56,387 --> 00:30:59,691
The arm tracks you and speeds up

709
00:30:59,757 --> 00:31:01,025
efficiency.

710
00:31:01,092 --> 00:31:02,293
>> Ultimately using the drive

711
00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:03,628
system allows the surgeon to

712
00:31:03,695 --> 00:31:05,096
have shorter surgical times

713
00:31:05,163 --> 00:31:06,731
which means shorter recovery

714
00:31:06,798 --> 00:31:08,166
times for patients.

715
00:31:08,233 --> 00:31:09,701
It's better for the hospital and

716
00:31:09,767 --> 00:31:11,402
patient.

717
00:31:11,469 --> 00:31:13,605
>> It allows us to do it safer.

718
00:31:13,671 --> 00:31:18,042
You can do it better with this.

719
00:31:18,109 --> 00:31:19,444
>> The software that runs on the

720
00:31:19,510 --> 00:31:21,546
drive system is directly derived

721
00:31:21,613 --> 00:31:23,448
from the software that runs the

722
00:31:23,514 --> 00:31:26,050
International Space Station.

723
00:31:26,117 --> 00:31:27,785
>> Those robotics work with and

724
00:31:27,852 --> 00:31:29,754
alongside an astronaut to

725
00:31:29,821 --> 00:31:31,155
enhance what they do.

726
00:31:31,222 --> 00:31:33,791
That connection is very direct.

727
00:31:33,858 --> 00:31:34,993
>> Right now it's probably the

728
00:31:35,059 --> 00:31:38,596
most used system that we could

729
00:31:38,663 --> 00:31:40,565
say is derived from the things

730
00:31:40,632 --> 00:31:42,100
you do on the space station.

731
00:31:42,166 --> 00:31:44,302
We are pretty proud of that.

732
00:31:44,369 --> 00:31:45,903
>> We've seen it all before.

733
00:31:45,970 --> 00:31:46,938
We have seen it on the space

734
00:31:47,005 --> 00:31:47,505
station.

735
00:31:47,572 --> 00:31:49,173
I never put the two together

736
00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:52,210
that we have the same arm.

737
00:31:52,277 --> 00:31:53,911
>> I think everybody has this

738
00:31:53,978 --> 00:31:55,213
dream of how robotics will

739
00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:56,748
become more and more part of

740
00:31:56,814 --> 00:31:58,216
everyday life.

741
00:31:58,283 --> 00:31:59,717
The things we do with robotics

742
00:31:59,784 --> 00:32:00,785
on the space station is

743
00:32:00,852 --> 00:32:02,220
basically pushing those dreams

744
00:32:02,287 --> 00:32:03,121
forward.

745
00:32:03,187 --> 00:32:04,989
We evolved the system.

746
00:32:05,056 --> 00:32:06,457
We gained the knowledge.

747
00:32:06,524 --> 00:32:07,925
We gained the experience and

748
00:32:07,992 --> 00:32:08,893
expertise.

749
00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:11,229
This is the unexpected benefit

750
00:32:11,296 --> 00:32:12,530
when you get out of doing a

751
00:32:12,597 --> 00:32:13,331
program like the International

752
00:32:13,398 --> 00:32:25,610
Space Station.

753
00:32:25,677 --> 00:32:26,911
>> If you want another look at

754
00:32:26,978 --> 00:32:28,479
any of the stories we showed you

755
00:32:28,546 --> 00:32:30,682
today, you can get one right

756
00:32:30,748 --> 00:32:31,983
over there on YouTube and

757
00:32:32,050 --> 00:32:33,951
Facebook at those addresses.

758
00:32:34,018 --> 00:32:35,153
You will find them there with

759
00:32:35,219 --> 00:32:36,988
lots of other great features and

760
00:32:37,055 --> 00:32:39,223
a whole variety of NASA topics.

761
00:32:39,290 --> 00:32:40,391
If you're looking for good

762
00:32:40,458 --> 00:32:41,759
conversation about human

763
00:32:41,826 --> 00:32:43,728
spaceflight check out Houston we

764
00:32:43,795 --> 00:32:44,929
have a podcast.

765
00:32:44,996 --> 00:32:47,365
Our weekly show has all aspects

766
00:32:47,432 --> 00:32:49,233
of human spaceflight and gnashes

767
00:32:49,300 --> 00:32:50,935
NASA's mission.

768
00:32:51,002 --> 00:32:52,403
Today we learn about the near

769
00:32:52,470 --> 00:32:54,405
Earth asteroid Scout mission

770
00:32:54,472 --> 00:32:56,374
which is flying on the SLS

771
00:32:56,441 --> 00:32:58,176
rocket on Artemis one.

772
00:32:58,242 --> 00:33:00,545
And the enormous solar sale it

773
00:33:00,611 --> 00:33:02,613
will employ in order to navigate

774
00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:04,282
into the neighborhood of an

775
00:33:04,349 --> 00:33:06,718
asteroid or a comparatively

776
00:33:06,784 --> 00:33:07,819
close up study.

777
00:33:07,885 --> 00:33:10,988
Go to NASA .gov/podcast for this

778
00:33:11,055 --> 00:33:11,923
week's episode.

779
00:33:11,989 --> 00:33:13,124
You will find all the previous

780
00:33:13,191 --> 00:33:15,193
episodes they are too as well as

781
00:33:15,259 --> 00:33:16,828
the full library of all the NASA

782
00:33:16,894 --> 00:33:17,929
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783
00:33:17,995 --> 00:33:20,765
They are all on Apple, Google

784
00:33:20,832 --> 00:33:22,367
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785
00:33:22,433 --> 00:33:23,634
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786
00:33:23,701 --> 00:33:25,570
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787
00:33:25,636 --> 00:33:26,204
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788
00:33:26,270 --> 00:33:27,271
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