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>>> Ignition sequence start.
Good morning and welcome to this
few of the International Space
Station control room, the famous
Mission control Houston.
These men and women are
monitoring the space station
systems and working with the
expedition 66 crewmembers as
they move through the assigned
tasks of the second half of
their workday in space.
Each day commander and his
crewmates take care of their
vehicle and support
groundbreaking scientific
research.
This week they have also been
getting ready to send two
astronauts outside the station
to prepare for some hardware
upgrades.
>> Welcome to space to ground.
On Tuesday, March 15th NASA
astronauts Kayla Barron and
Rasha will perform 3A power
channel preparation.
ISS roll out upgrades have been
ongoing since 2020.
They will install the
modification kit in preparation.
The International Space Station
has eight power channels.
Each with electrical power
generated from one Solar array
wing extending from the stations
trusts section.
The original solar panels on
four space shuttle missions from
200-02-2009.
The solar panel efficiency has
degraded over time.
NASA is upgrading the power
system with a new roll out which
will partially cover six of the
eight original solar panels.
When all six units are deployed
on the station the power system
will be capable of generating
215 kilowatts of electricity.
Back inside the station the
science continues with cameras
that could go across.
Imagine advanced warnings of
water shortage in the crop
alerting them to changes in crop
health days or weeks before they
become visible?
They would be able to head off
those issues and decrease
chances of crop losses.
A new experiment outside the
space station we intends to do
just that.
Kayla Barron installed a
longwave infrared demonstrator
for lift off on the external
platform this week.
The satellite will reside on the
exposed stability of the
Japanese experiments module for
several months.
It will transform transfer
precise measurements or surface
temperature and monitor water
resources.
This testing is the first step
on the path to launching
constellations of small
satellites that could take
measurements around the entire
globe every day.
This knowledge could help
farmers achieve more yields and
better quality crops.
Thanks for watching.
We will see you next week.
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>> When astronauts go outside
the International Space Station
as Raja Chari and Kayla Barron
will do next week they have a
human shaped spaceship in this
demonstration video.
Astronaut Ricky Arnold gives us
a tour of the critical parts of
the spacesuit that keep
astronauts eight safe as they
work in the harsh environment in
space.
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We are standing in the quest
Airlock which is divided into
two parts.
We have the equipment lock and
we have the crew locked.
This equipment lock has a hatch
right here that closes and the
crew lock has another latch.
The extra vehicular mobility
unit is a spacesuit and is
divided roughly into two parts.
We have the hard upper torso
which is almost like a turtle
shell.
It's hard fiberglass shell.
We also have the lower torso
assembly.
These spacesuits are our own
little space crafts and they
have everything you need to keep
you alive out in space for seven
or eight hours.
Maybe even longer depending on
how hard you are working.
The only thing they do not have,
they have radios, oxygen, carbon
dioxide scrubbing, temperature
control.
It has everything you need
except for one thing.
A restroom.
When we get ready for our event
the first thing we put on in the
morning is a diaper.
That's our first layer.
Then over the diaper we put on a
pair of long johns.
That is to keep our arms and
legs from getting scraped up.
It provides a little bit of
wicking in case you are getting
hot and sweaty.
The next layer is our liquid
cooling garment.
The LT VG has little tubes
running through it which allow
water to circulate inside the LT
VG to provide cooling when we
are outside working really hard.
We've got the diaper, long
johns, the LT VG and then we
will wear a spacesuit.
Seven layers from the bladder on
the inside which maintains
pressure.
That's a rubberized bladder.
All the way up to the white
layer on the outside.
A crew member inside in the
spacesuit is also wearing what
we call a snoopy cap.
It's a communication cap.
We have a radios who can talk to
not only Houston, but people on
the space station and to each
other.
We wear this communication cap
inside the helmet.
Also another component, a key
component of the EMU is the
space helmet.
The helmet has a gold visor,
which protects us from the rays
of the sun.
We can bring it down.
It is pretty bright out there.
This visor helps reflect the
rays of the sun so we can see
and operate in daylight.
At night time, we can raise this
visor up here it gives us a
clear view.
In addition we have helmet
lights built into the helmet.
On top of the helmet we also
have television cameras.
The ground is able to watch us
while we work through these TV
cameras.
The work is really all done with
hands.
Our gloves are the most
important piece of equipment in
order for us to work outside.
One of the real challenges of
the space cloth as you have this
heavy glove which is inflated.
It wants to stay like it's blown
up like a balloon.
But we walk by grabbing onto
handrails and make our way along
the ISS.
Every time you move your hand
you are fighting against a
balloon that wants to inflate.
On top of that, all of our
equipment is in your hands.
After six and a half or seven
hours about fighting this glove
it's a really long day and your
hands are the things that are
most exhausted after a seven
hour day on the EVA.
We are going out to work.
You saw me move this mini
workstation.
The way we get our tools is on
the mini workstation carried on
the front.
Every single tool we use is
tethered to us.
We do not want to accidentally
create satellites.
Our primary will remain attached
to the ISS is the waste tether.
It's a big hook that goes around
the rail and anything else on
the ISS.
At latches on and has a locking
mechanism as well to hold us
nice and tight.
We always want to have one of
these attached if we are not
holding on with our hands as
well.
The back of the EMU has the
light support system.
The life support system contains
the equipment we need from a
U.S. chafe radio to the oxygen
tank to provide primary oxygen.
One of the challenges inside
this environment is it's easy to
carry our oxygen with us but we
generate a lot of carbon dioxide
when we are out working hard.
To combat that and deal with
that we have canisters which are
silver oxide.
They are carried in the backpack
along with a very large battery
which provides all the
electricity for us.
I don't have a battery to show
you today because we are in the
process of charging them.
We are about a month out from
doing a spacewalk and we are
getting ready for that.
This canister is able to remove
about seven or eight hours of
carbon dioxide that a human can
generate inside the spacesuit.
EVA is have a lot to maintain
the ISS.
Read they repair
mission-critical hardware,
investigate malfunctions and
install new hardware.
The view is unbelievable.
See you next time.
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>> All station spacewalks begin
by getting the astronauts into
the spacesuit that support them
while out in the vacuum of
space.
It's an accelerated view of the
lengthy process from the EVA
during expedition 61.
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The International Space Station
is a platform in space
supporting scientific
investigations in a vast range
of scientific disciplines.
That includes astronomy.
The neutron star interior
composition Explorer out on the
stations crossed was recently
used to observe the merging of
multimillion degree x-ray spots
on the surface of an isolated
neutron star.
The crushed core of an exploded
sun 13,000 light years away from
here.
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>> The International Space
Station is designed to be a
laboratory in space that can
provide benefits here on earth
orbit in the years to come
including our return to the moon
in just a few years.
A couple of recent experiments
on the station have been
building on all of those goals.
Cementing our place in space.
Presented by science at NASA.
As your dog drag you around the
block for his morning walk you
will probably not think about
the wonders of the neighborhood
sidewalk.
That concrete is pretty great.
Next to water, it's the most
widely used material on Earth.
In the future, concrete may be
equally useful off the planet
when humans construct a
permanent base on the moon.
They will need sturdy stuff that
can weather bombardments from
solar radiation and media
rights.
No one wants a crack in their
moon base.
The key to making out of this
world concrete may be to study
it out of this world.
Two experiments have taken place
aboard the International Space
Station or ISS to do just that.
The microgravity investigation
of cement solidification or mix
and multiuse variable processing
facility or MVP cell zero five
researchers from Pennsylvania
state University and gnashes
space station are analyzing
results.
Concrete is a mixture of sand,
gravel and rocks glued together
by cement paste made of water
and cement powder.
It is not as mundane as it
looks.
Under the surface, it's quite
complex.
What goes on there is key to its
strength and durability.
Yet scientists still don't
understand all the details of
concrete chemistry and
microscopic structure.
Processing methods are not cast
in stone.
There is plenty of room for
improvement.
Alexandra, principal
investigator for both
experiments says, our
experiments are focused on the
cement paste that holds the
concrete mixture together.
We want to know what grows
inside cement based concrete
when there is no gravity driven
phenomena such as sedimentation.
It all begins when water is
added to the cement.
To put it very simply, the
cements molecular structure
changes when the cement grains
dissolve.
She explains as the old
molecules dissolve, calcium
silicate hydrate and calcium
hydroxide start to crystallize.
Millions of these tiny crystals
form all through the mixture
interlocking with one another
and the other concrete
ingredients such as gravel.
The ISS experiments are
researching how this all plays
out in space.
She says it could change the
distribution of the crystal
micro structure and ultimately
the material properties.
The ratio of the water cement
powder is critical to making the
concrete components combine
effectively and determining the
strength and durability of the
final concrete.
Will this ratio need to be
different on the moon where
gravity is about one sixth of
earths?
That's the kind of question the
experiment will shed light on.
For the mix experiment,
astronauts added water to a
series of packets containing dry
cement powder.
Then added alcohol to some of
the packets to stop the
hydration process at specified
times.
For MVP cell 05 astronauts also
hydrated dry cement.
But for this experiment they
used a centrifuge on board the
ISS to simulate gravity at a
number of checks including lunar
gravity and Martian gravity.
Both experiments the samples
were returned to Earth for
analysis.
We are already seeing and
documenting unexpected results.
The coprincipal investigator for
MVP cell 05 said what we find
could lead to improvements in
concrete both in space in on
earth.
Since cement is used extensively
around the world, even a small
improvement could have a
tremendous impact.
We might even end up with better
sidewalks for walking our dogs.
For more from the International
Space Station, go to www. NASA
.gov/ISS/science.
For more information on matters
visit science that NASA .gov.
>> NASA's Artemis program will
return Americans to the moon in
a few years and help get us
ready to go on to Mars.
Knowledge of the geology of both
locations will be important.
Recently, the next to last man
on the moon, Apollo astronaut
Harrison Schmitt and asked her
not Jessica Watkins, who is just
a month away now from walking to
the International Space Station
on the crew 4 Mission met up at
the Johnson space centers moon
rock lab so the two geologists
could discuss how what we learn
from Apollo will inform our
efforts in Artemis.
>> A sample from both sides.
I just got a chunk from that
side.
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>> Can you talk about what went
into your sampling strategy and
how you chose which samples to
bring back?
>> The idea was to get as broad
a spectrum of new samples as we
possibly could.
That turned out pretty well.
In fact, we sampled what we call
an injector from three major
basins, maybe four.
We sampled fragments that came
from the moon.
We didn't know that at the time.
That was only recently we
figured that out.
And we also than added to our
broad knowledge and history of
these volcanic eruptions that
occurred on the moon at the
time.
When you go to the moon on your
way to Mars, that education, I
think you will get on the moon,
will be very relevant to Mars.
Mars, of course, does not have
that micro meteorite impact
environment.
It has a small atmosphere.
That tells us about the small
impact.
The main process on the moon
using the micro meteorite
impacts on the surface.
The SolarWinds are made up of
high energy particles that may
move on the surface rocks as
well as change the character on
the moon.
On Mars, the dominant erosion
forces.
If you are used to studying here
on earth, you could learn a lot.
This is what you will see on
Mars.
If we hadn't had the moon, we
wouldn't understand or even
speculate intelligently about
what might happen.
>> Astronauts are public figures
and much of their history is
well known.
But not all of it.
Before they launched, re-grilled
the astronauts who flew to the
station on the NASA SpaceX crew
mission.
Raja Chari, Thomas Marshburn,
Kayla Barron and Matthias Maurer
in order to discover the truth
about their favorite foods,
guilty pleasures and what these
explorers would do with a day
off on the moon.
>> 3, 2, 1.
>> Star Wars.
Stanley crew bricks 2001.
>> It depends on the Aero of my
life.
I would probably say dune
overall.
>> The Rick Atkinson series.
>> Just relaxing.
>> Playing with my kids.
>> Backpacking.
>> It would be peanut butter.
>> That's a hard one.
I like almost all foods.
>> Fall.
>> Acoustic guitar.
>> Guitar.
I have a lack of talent.
I practice a lot.
>> Pesto.
>> Tomato and pepperoni.
>> I like a spicy Italian
sausage.
>> Water polo.
Anything in the water.
>> Probably kickball with my
kids.
>> European football.
Swimming.
>> Track.
>> Coffee.
>> T.
>> Definitely coffee.
>> Dancing.
>> Singing.
>> I am bad at dancing.
>> I have two answers for this.
Probably learning Russian.
It's challenging for me.
Definitely spacewalk training.
>> MBL or spacewalk training.
>> Speaking Russian in space.
>> Definitely look at rocks with
Jessica Watkins.
>> I would go on a buggy ride.
>> I would be skipping, running
and climbing any crater I can
find.
>> I would like to jump as high
as I can to prove that I can
jump six times as high on the
earth.
The second thing I would do is
try to go on the moon.
>> It would be flying.
>> Time travel.
>> Eating ice cream.
Way too many.
>> Cookie cake.
>> I would say never close a
door on yourself.
Don't sell out opportunities.
You have to put yourself out
there if you want to pursue your
dream.
>> Keep at it.
Stay persistent.
Don't worry about it.
It will be okay.
>> Relax and enjoy the moment a
bit.
I'd like to do another
spacewalk.
>> I'd love to do a spacewalk.
>> Doing in EVA and hopefully
walking on the moon is the
third.
>> I won't go into specifics but
it has to do with using the
bathroom.
>> Will technology originally
developed for the International
Space Station has found a way to
help humans here on earth in the
operating room.
The company that developed and
built the space station robotic
arm has worked with a medical
device manufacturer to create an
automated robotic arm that
tracks the movement of the
surgeon's tools and helps to
expedite brain and spinal
surgeries.
>> The International Space
Station is probably the most
fantastic vehicle ever built.
>> It's the one-of-a-kind
laboratory about 250 miles above
the earth.
>> We perform experiments on the
International Space Station.
>> We can do science.
We can do experiments.
We can do things out of this
world.
Wit will help benefit the people
on the ground.
>> Not only that, we actually
assemble the space station.
The International Space Station
is designed with essentially
designed like a Lego toy.
Lots of big pieces that need to
be put together.
Some are about the size of a
city bus.
>> We needed a way of
manipulating or moving these big
pieces and very precisely
putting them together.
>> We worked with the
contractor.
With that company we came up
with a design that would meet
the needs of the International
Space Station.
>> The solution to that was
using a fairly large robotic
arm.
That just ended up being the arm
2.
It can move around the space
station, grab payloads and move
them to where they needed to be
so the space station could be
assembled.
>> You couldn't have built of
vehicle like the International
Space Station without robotics
like this.
>> That was when we started
talking to them.
Knowing they have done this
before in space we thought it
would be easy for them to bring
that experience and that
technology into the area and
help us with our medical
robotics.
We work with MDA to Create
Drive.
Drive is a robot mounted onto a
base that holds a surgical
camera that can be automatically
positioned to any surgical
instrument tracked by our
system.
The arm tracks you and speeds up
efficiency.
>> Ultimately using the drive
system allows the surgeon to
have shorter surgical times
which means shorter recovery
times for patients.
It's better for the hospital and
patient.
>> It allows us to do it safer.
You can do it better with this.
>> The software that runs on the
drive system is directly derived
from the software that runs the
International Space Station.
>> Those robotics work with and
alongside an astronaut to
enhance what they do.
That connection is very direct.
>> Right now it's probably the
most used system that we could
say is derived from the things
you do on the space station.
We are pretty proud of that.
>> We've seen it all before.
We have seen it on the space
station.
I never put the two together
that we have the same arm.
>> I think everybody has this
dream of how robotics will
become more and more part of
everyday life.
The things we do with robotics
on the space station is
basically pushing those dreams
forward.
We evolved the system.
We gained the knowledge.
We gained the experience and
expertise.
This is the unexpected benefit
when you get out of doing a
program like the International
Space Station.
>> If you want another look at
any of the stories we showed you
today, you can get one right
over there on YouTube and
Facebook at those addresses.
You will find them there with
lots of other great features and
a whole variety of NASA topics.
If you're looking for good
conversation about human
spaceflight check out Houston we
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Our weekly show has all aspects
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Today we learn about the near
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rocket on Artemis one.
And the enormous solar sale it
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