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>> Ignition sequence starts.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> Good morning, and welcome to

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this peek inside the

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international space station

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flight control room at NASA's

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Johnson space center.

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This is where there is always a

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team of specialists on duty,

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monitoring the performance of

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the space station systems and

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working with the expedition crew

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members as they move through a

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daily agenda of science,

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research, and space station

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maintenance.

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Expedition 66 commander Anton

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Shkaplerov and his American

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Russian and German crewmates are

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comfortably in between cargo

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ship operations and space walks

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rights now.

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They spent this week focusing on

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science experience in the

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station's laboratory modules.

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>> Welcome to space to ground.

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The seven members of expedition

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66 kept a busy pace of science

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through January and February is

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looking to be just as packed.

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European space station astronaut

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Mattias Maurer printed from a

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bio printer.

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It's a subcategory of 3D

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printing which uses biological

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cells and molecules to prints

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tissue structures, the first aid

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demonstrates a portable hand

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told to bio printer that uses a

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patient's own skin cells to

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create a tissue patch to cover a

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wound and accelerate healing

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process.

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On Mars this could help address

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changes in wounds healing that

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can occur in space.

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Extracting an individual's cells

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before a mission may enable a

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more need response to injury.

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What else is a buzz aboard the

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station?

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The science continue with a "B"

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Astro "B" that is the mark

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Vande Hei performed a series of

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tests for the investigation.

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Rome uses the space station's as

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grow bee robots to observe and

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understand how target tumble and

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uses information to plan ways to

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safely reach them.

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Astro bee, NASA's free-flying

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robotic system is designed help

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astronauts they spend on routine

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duties leaving them for focus

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more on things that only humans

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can do.

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To hear more about Astro bee

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catch had week's Houston we've

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Podcast the spheres in as grow

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bee operations lead at NASA's

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Ames research center will talk

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about what's a buzz with the

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flying robots in space.

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>> And finally, outside the

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station, more science was

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deployed.

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A pair of small satellites

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called cubesats were deployed

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outside the Japanese laboratory

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module.

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This release included the light

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one cubesat which focuses on the

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detection of terrestrial gamma

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Ray flashes coming from the

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earth's atmosphere.

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Another cubesat developed by the

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Georgia institute of technology

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has deployable solar panels and

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dough playable UHF radio

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Santana.

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The costs of these increase

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access to space and he can pants

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low earth orbit research.

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To following these experiments

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and for the latest updates,

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follow along with us on twitter

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at ISS research.

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That's space to ground, thank

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you for watching, we'll see you

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next week.

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>>> Each group of astronauts and

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cosmonauts that completes a

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long-during action mission to

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the international space station

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spends time on a unique subset

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of the kinds of experiments that

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expedition 66 worked on this

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week, the astronauts who rode to

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space on the crew two spaceship

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came back to earth recently with

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their own legacy of work on

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hundreds of experiments.

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Here is a look at just some of

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their accomplishments during 199

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days in space.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> And liftoff.

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God speed to crew two.

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>> The screw go for ingress and

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you can see he is the first to

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ingress on to the international

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space station.

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>> We are so ready to get to

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work, there is a lot of great

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science and we are just excited

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to learn and get started.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> The experiment that is

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picking utmost of my time right

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now is called say less trail

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immunity and it's a really

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interesting experiment that

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involves looking at immune

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pathways and I have an expert

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that's looking over my shoulder

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via camera and she can talk with

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me kind of step by step as we go

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through the process.

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>> That looks good, Megan.

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>> All right, thank you very

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much.

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I am sure I'll be talking to you

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again tomorrow.

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>> Yes, you will.

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>> Recently I have been working

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on a really interesting

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experiment called the blob.

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It's that crazy motocenter being

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that has no-brainer but can

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learn and can actually search

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food and it's so amazing.

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It's pretty contain odd the

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space station.

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Don't worry about it, it's very

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tiny.

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We are working on all kinds of

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endeavors like this and every

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day, you know, brings its lots

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of discoveries on the space

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station that's very excited.

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>> We are tracking a full and

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good deploy of that solar array,

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so well done both of you.

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>> It is beautiful.

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>> We are in a season now

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actually of doing cargo OPS.

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We have two spacecraft attached

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to us, they brought us cargo and

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now we are packing them back up

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to get them ready for departure.

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>> Aboard the international

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space station we do help out

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some of the involvement of

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medicine.

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Without gravity, you get larger

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chunks of pure protein

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Christless.

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>> What we are looking for today

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are needle like structures,

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perfect, there they are.

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>> This is a fantastic view that

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we have.

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We can seat thin layer of

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atmosphere protecting all of you

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done on earth, just taking care

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of our planet has kind of been a

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change mentally maybe from

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seeing it from this perspective.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> We are growing some chili

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peppers in the plant habitat

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here in the Japanese experiment

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module.

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It's one of the more complicated

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that have been grown in space

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and so they do take a little

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longer to come to fruition.

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So we are really hoping that we

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get to try some peppers before

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the end of our mission.

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Over the years of the capability

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of the land have, panted and

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grown along with interest in

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doing this research in lower

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earth orbit.

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It's remarkable.

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We are at the peak of that we

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have seen a little by of

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everything.

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We have done human immune system

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research.

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So lots of research in to

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medication formation.

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Fluid research, combustion

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research.

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Even robotics research.

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This huge range of different

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things that we have gotten to

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touch during our mission and the

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way science works, as you know,

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is this is the building block

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for stuff to come the results

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from these experiments will come

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out in the years to come, but

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they will also be the foundation

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of experiments that are designed

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in the following year and so all

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of the research is going to be

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stuff that we get to say, oh, we

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had a little part of that. We

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got our hands on a little bit of

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that which is a pretty neat

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feeling.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> The international space

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station orbits 250 miles above

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the earth and the vast diversity

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of plant and animal life that

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exists here, bringing some of

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those species in to the

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weightless environment has

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allowed scientists to study them

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in ways they can't in 1G.

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And that has led to discoveries

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about how humans can better

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survive in space as well as on

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the home Plan he had.

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>> The international space

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station orbits earth in the

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whole planetary vastness of

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space.

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It's a cornucopia of species

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bringing the interior to life.

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And with it a plethora the

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scientific models contributing

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to humans.

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And learning how to survive in

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space but thrive both on earth

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and beyond the edge of our

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planet.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> Animals that fly in the air,

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animals that swim, squirts, and

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floating water.

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Animals that creep, crawl, walk

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and run on land, all are being

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studied to learn how they react

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and adapt to microgravity

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conditions.

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Since many share similar cells,

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tissues and other organic

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structures to humans, each is

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studied for what they can reveal

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to help astronauts withstand the

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rigors of Long-range space

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travel.

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Some physicals, the tardigrade

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or water bear is well known to

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possess Genes that withstand

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extreme temperatures dehydration

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and radiation.

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What can we learn from these

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creep that's might help keep

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00:14:06,312 --> 00:14:08,747
astronauts safe never extreme

295
00:14:08,814 --> 00:14:09,481
environments.

296
00:14:09,548 --> 00:14:11,550
Astronauts exercise two hours a

297
00:14:11,617 --> 00:14:13,085
day and closely monitor their

298
00:14:13,152 --> 00:14:13,586
diet.

299
00:14:13,652 --> 00:14:15,521
The loss of muscle mass that

300
00:14:15,588 --> 00:14:16,956
occurs in space is still a

301
00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:18,123
serious obstacle that

302
00:14:18,190 --> 00:14:19,024
researchers are working to

303
00:14:19,091 --> 00:14:19,458
overcome.

304
00:14:19,525 --> 00:14:21,860
As such, round worms were

305
00:14:21,927 --> 00:14:23,796
exposed to a microscopic

306
00:14:23,862 --> 00:14:25,331
obstacle course to study their

307
00:14:25,397 --> 00:14:27,399
unusual muscle strength.

308
00:14:27,466 --> 00:14:29,001
Zebra fish have helped

309
00:14:29,068 --> 00:14:30,002
researchers develop count are

310
00:14:30,069 --> 00:14:32,471
measures for muscle weakness.

311
00:14:32,538 --> 00:14:35,474
Another fish, the Japanese, has

312
00:14:35,541 --> 00:14:36,542
helped improve our understanding

313
00:14:36,609 --> 00:14:38,077
of the mechanic niches behind

314
00:14:38,143 --> 00:14:40,045
organ tissue changes.

315
00:14:40,112 --> 00:14:41,580
And, of course, one of the most

316
00:14:41,647 --> 00:14:44,183
common space travelers, the row

317
00:14:44,250 --> 00:14:46,452
different was found to be active

318
00:14:46,518 --> 00:14:49,455
in space than their earth bound

319
00:14:49,521 --> 00:14:51,890
counterparts and experiments,

320
00:14:51,957 --> 00:14:52,157
why?

321
00:14:52,224 --> 00:14:53,559
This matters to scientists who

322
00:14:53,626 --> 00:14:55,227
are studying the effects of

323
00:14:55,294 --> 00:14:57,596
microgravity on bone mass,

324
00:14:57,663 --> 00:14:59,231
Jennifer Buckley is the deputy

325
00:14:59,298 --> 00:15:00,399
chief scientists for the

326
00:15:00,466 --> 00:15:01,634
international space station

327
00:15:01,700 --> 00:15:03,102
program research office at

328
00:15:03,168 --> 00:15:05,237
NASA's Johnson space center.

329
00:15:05,304 --> 00:15:07,239
She explains how studying

330
00:15:07,306 --> 00:15:10,342
multigenerational organisms can

331
00:15:10,409 --> 00:15:11,777
have big impacts on our

332
00:15:11,844 --> 00:15:13,078
understanding of both animal and

333
00:15:13,145 --> 00:15:16,982
plant biology in space.

334
00:15:17,049 --> 00:15:21,353
Multiplies so quickly fruit

335
00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:23,255
plies we can observe several

336
00:15:23,322 --> 00:15:24,423
generations in one.

337
00:15:24,490 --> 00:15:26,125
We can trace the organism from

338
00:15:26,191 --> 00:15:29,695
inception, to birth to old age.

339
00:15:29,762 --> 00:15:31,330
Under genetic changes from one

340
00:15:31,397 --> 00:15:32,564
generation to another are easy

341
00:15:32,631 --> 00:15:33,532
to track.

342
00:15:33,599 --> 00:15:35,634
Regarding plants, Buckley says,

343
00:15:35,701 --> 00:15:37,102
plants develop differently in

344
00:15:37,169 --> 00:15:38,604
microgravity.

345
00:15:38,671 --> 00:15:39,872
They don't know which way is

346
00:15:39,938 --> 00:15:41,073
down anymore.

347
00:15:41,140 --> 00:15:44,410
They no longer have a gravity

348
00:15:44,476 --> 00:15:46,412
signal for their root structure.

349
00:15:46,478 --> 00:15:49,581
We and their RNA to see how it's

350
00:15:49,648 --> 00:15:51,050
diving directions and signals

351
00:15:51,116 --> 00:15:53,419
and how it differs are from the

352
00:15:53,485 --> 00:15:56,355
way plants behave on earth, many

353
00:15:56,422 --> 00:15:58,223
types of plants are grown on the

354
00:15:58,290 --> 00:15:59,625
station from, flowering plants

355
00:15:59,692 --> 00:16:01,660
to leafy greens to vegetables.

356
00:16:01,727 --> 00:16:03,128
What We he learn could influence

357
00:16:03,195 --> 00:16:04,263
our approach to growing

358
00:16:04,330 --> 00:16:05,397
different plant types in the

359
00:16:05,464 --> 00:16:06,031
future.

360
00:16:06,098 --> 00:16:07,566
Practical benefits for those on

361
00:16:07,633 --> 00:16:09,134
earth have come from studying

362
00:16:09,201 --> 00:16:10,869
all of these various forms of

363
00:16:10,936 --> 00:16:12,705
life in space.

364
00:16:12,771 --> 00:16:15,174
Traditional fertilizer can't be

365
00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:16,542
used to plants in space as they

366
00:16:16,608 --> 00:16:17,810
are not grown with traditional

367
00:16:17,876 --> 00:16:18,877
soil.

368
00:16:18,944 --> 00:16:21,080
As a result, NASA scientists

369
00:16:21,146 --> 00:16:22,381
working closely with the private

370
00:16:22,448 --> 00:16:24,917
sector, developed a fertilizer

371
00:16:24,983 --> 00:16:26,819
that would release its nutrients

372
00:16:26,885 --> 00:16:28,854
over a specific amount of time.

373
00:16:28,921 --> 00:16:30,456
The process proved to be not

374
00:16:30,522 --> 00:16:33,292
only successful in space, it can

375
00:16:33,359 --> 00:16:35,294
also be used on earth in

376
00:16:35,361 --> 00:16:37,029
vertical farms and urban plant

377
00:16:37,096 --> 00:16:37,796
factories.

378
00:16:37,863 --> 00:16:40,099
Life in space is not new.

379
00:16:40,165 --> 00:16:44,937
The study of numerous species

380
00:16:45,003 --> 00:16:46,905
going back over several decades

381
00:16:46,972 --> 00:16:49,308
gives you a view of how life can

382
00:16:49,375 --> 00:16:51,176
exist and thrive in the harsh

383
00:16:51,243 --> 00:16:52,511
environment of space, Buckley

384
00:16:52,578 --> 00:16:54,747
concludes we'll conduct hundreds

385
00:16:54,813 --> 00:16:55,981
of experiments during each

386
00:16:56,048 --> 00:16:58,283
six-month expedition, we want to

387
00:16:58,350 --> 00:16:59,818
study a broad diversity of

388
00:16:59,885 --> 00:17:01,120
organisms that will help us

389
00:17:01,186 --> 00:17:03,756
travel beyond low earth orbit.

390
00:17:03,822 --> 00:17:06,692
While also giving us insights

391
00:17:06,759 --> 00:17:10,763
that will improve life on earth.

392
00:17:10,829 --> 00:17:11,864
For more information about the

393
00:17:11,930 --> 00:17:13,766
multitude of life aboard the

394
00:17:13,832 --> 00:17:14,900
space station, go to

395
00:17:14,967 --> 00:17:19,872
WWW.NASA.gov/ISS-science.

396
00:17:19,938 --> 00:17:21,707
To discover more about the space

397
00:17:21,774 --> 00:17:25,377
on, around and on our planet, go

398
00:17:25,444 --> 00:17:31,283
to science.NASA.gov.

399
00:17:31,350 --> 00:17:33,318
>> Along with hands on work on

400
00:17:33,385 --> 00:17:34,586
science experiments,

401
00:17:34,653 --> 00:17:36,221
international space station crew

402
00:17:36,288 --> 00:17:37,623
members spend some of their time

403
00:17:37,689 --> 00:17:39,591
in education events in which

404
00:17:39,658 --> 00:17:41,160
they talk about science with

405
00:17:41,226 --> 00:17:42,528
students on earth.

406
00:17:42,594 --> 00:17:43,429
Discussing their mission.

407
00:17:43,495 --> 00:17:44,663
And sharing the value of

408
00:17:44,730 --> 00:17:46,265
learning about science,

409
00:17:46,331 --> 00:17:47,766
technology, engineering and

410
00:17:47,833 --> 00:17:48,267
math.

411
00:17:48,333 --> 00:17:50,235
In this demonstration video,

412
00:17:50,302 --> 00:17:52,371
astronaut randy bresnik

413
00:17:52,438 --> 00:17:54,440
demonstrates Newton's second law

414
00:17:54,506 --> 00:17:57,376
of motion.

415
00:17:57,443 --> 00:18:05,818
♪ Music Playing ♪

416
00:18:05,884 --> 00:18:10,856
♪ Music Playing ♪

417
00:18:10,923 --> 00:18:12,558
>> Hello, everyone, I am as fro

418
00:18:12,624 --> 00:18:14,326
nah Randy bresnik, living and

419
00:18:14,393 --> 00:18:15,761
working aboard the international

420
00:18:15,828 --> 00:18:16,295
space station.

421
00:18:16,361 --> 00:18:19,031
Now, on the space station, we

422
00:18:19,097 --> 00:18:20,466
live in a microgravity

423
00:18:20,532 --> 00:18:20,966
environment.

424
00:18:21,033 --> 00:18:22,434
Do you think the laws of physics

425
00:18:22,501 --> 00:18:23,435
will hold up?

426
00:18:23,502 --> 00:18:25,504
Come on, let's go find out.

427
00:18:25,571 --> 00:18:28,373
♪ Music Playing ♪

428
00:18:28,440 --> 00:18:29,908
>> Deacceleration of an object

429
00:18:29,975 --> 00:18:31,643
depends on the net force act on

430
00:18:31,710 --> 00:18:32,778
this object and the mass of the

431
00:18:32,845 --> 00:18:34,980
object or S equal MA.

432
00:18:35,047 --> 00:18:36,782
>> Jolly good show, sir Isaac.

433
00:18:36,849 --> 00:18:38,417
>> Here we see once the force of

434
00:18:38,484 --> 00:18:39,985
the thrust is greater than the

435
00:18:40,052 --> 00:18:41,653
weight of the vehicle the Rocket

436
00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:44,122
begins to accelerate.

437
00:18:44,189 --> 00:18:46,225
>> Let's start with something

438
00:18:46,291 --> 00:18:46,625
small.

439
00:18:46,692 --> 00:18:47,559
Something you might have at

440
00:18:47,626 --> 00:18:48,627
home.

441
00:18:48,694 --> 00:18:50,429
A stick of chapstick.

442
00:18:50,496 --> 00:18:52,431
We'll go ahead and use our force

443
00:18:52,498 --> 00:18:55,634
being our bungee cord here.

444
00:18:55,701 --> 00:18:59,371
We'll put on our bungee and pull

445
00:18:59,438 --> 00:19:00,572
it back, and you can see how

446
00:19:00,639 --> 00:19:03,242
fast it accelerates because

447
00:19:03,308 --> 00:19:05,911
there is very little mass, next

448
00:19:05,978 --> 00:19:07,946
we'll try a little spaceship.

449
00:19:08,013 --> 00:19:09,114
A little more massive and you

450
00:19:09,181 --> 00:19:13,352
can feel that because as you

451
00:19:13,418 --> 00:19:14,853
move it you can feel the extra

452
00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:16,488
force that you have to push with

453
00:19:16,555 --> 00:19:19,791
your hand we'll put our

454
00:19:19,858 --> 00:19:20,959
spaceship on the launch right

455
00:19:21,026 --> 00:19:22,594
here.

456
00:19:22,661 --> 00:19:23,795
Same spot.

457
00:19:23,862 --> 00:19:25,464
Notice it's flying a lot slower

458
00:19:25,531 --> 00:19:27,933
than that chapstick did.

459
00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:30,369
What we are seeing is the same

460
00:19:30,435 --> 00:19:32,804
amount of force on a smaller,

461
00:19:32,871 --> 00:19:35,240
less massive object, means it

462
00:19:35,307 --> 00:19:36,141
travels faster.

463
00:19:36,208 --> 00:19:37,643
This is the biggest most massive

464
00:19:37,709 --> 00:19:38,076
thing we have.

465
00:19:38,143 --> 00:19:39,511
So let's see how the

466
00:19:39,578 --> 00:19:40,679
acceleration is affected.

467
00:19:40,746 --> 00:19:47,319
Pull back the same amount on the

468
00:19:47,386 --> 00:19:47,886
force.

469
00:19:47,953 --> 00:19:52,958
And here we go.

470
00:19:53,025 --> 00:19:54,259
>> There you have it, Newton's

471
00:19:54,326 --> 00:19:55,427
second law of motion in action.

472
00:19:55,494 --> 00:20:02,434
Thanks, everybody, for exploring

473
00:20:02,501 --> 00:20:04,570
a little fits ice with me today

474
00:20:04,636 --> 00:20:06,204
now I'll send you back to earth

475
00:20:06,271 --> 00:20:08,073
so you can explore your

476
00:20:08,140 --> 00:20:08,373
experiments.

477
00:20:08,440 --> 00:20:10,676
See you real soon.

478
00:20:10,742 --> 00:20:20,152
♪ Music Playing ♪

479
00:20:20,218 --> 00:20:24,890
♪ Music Playing ♪

480
00:20:24,957 --> 00:20:27,492
>> Okay, time for a space

481
00:20:27,559 --> 00:20:27,926
riddle.

482
00:20:27,993 --> 00:20:30,796
What has three eyes and swivels?

483
00:20:30,862 --> 00:20:32,764
If you guessed Ray Don, you are

484
00:20:32,831 --> 00:20:33,065
right.

485
00:20:33,131 --> 00:20:35,434
If you don't know raven is, stay

486
00:20:35,500 --> 00:20:35,701
with us.

487
00:20:35,767 --> 00:20:38,236
For this tech on deck episode as

488
00:20:38,303 --> 00:20:40,339
NASA's exploration and some

489
00:20:40,405 --> 00:20:41,907
NBA-space services project

490
00:20:41,974 --> 00:20:44,142
division at the Goddard space

491
00:20:44,209 --> 00:20:45,210
flight center explains the

492
00:20:45,277 --> 00:20:46,778
technology demonstration payload

493
00:20:46,845 --> 00:20:48,246
on the international space

494
00:20:48,313 --> 00:20:49,348
station that's helping NASA

495
00:20:49,414 --> 00:20:51,350
engineers develop an auto pilot

496
00:20:51,416 --> 00:20:54,186
for spacecraft that may be used

497
00:20:54,252 --> 00:20:56,722
in future exploration missions.

498
00:20:56,788 --> 00:20:58,056
>> Did you know there is a

499
00:20:58,123 --> 00:21:00,993
three-a eyed raven currently

500
00:21:01,059 --> 00:21:02,194
punch on the international space

501
00:21:02,260 --> 00:21:04,096
station not an actual bird but

502
00:21:04,162 --> 00:21:05,964
rather a technology payload

503
00:21:06,031 --> 00:21:07,666
helping NASA develop a relative

504
00:21:07,733 --> 00:21:09,267
navigation system or auto pie

505
00:21:09,334 --> 00:21:10,936
flight a spacecraft.

506
00:21:11,003 --> 00:21:12,371
Launch today station in 2017

507
00:21:12,437 --> 00:21:14,473
aboard a SpaceX dragon on the

508
00:21:14,539 --> 00:21:16,541
company's 10th commercial

509
00:21:16,608 --> 00:21:17,809
resupply services mission for

510
00:21:17,876 --> 00:21:19,111
NASA, installed on the outside

511
00:21:19,177 --> 00:21:22,681
of ISS by station dexter robot.

512
00:21:22,748 --> 00:21:24,449
Raven is he equipped with three

513
00:21:24,516 --> 00:21:26,284
disteams camera vision systems,

514
00:21:26,351 --> 00:21:28,487
visible, intra red and lidar.

515
00:21:28,553 --> 00:21:30,355
Combined with NASA-developed

516
00:21:30,422 --> 00:21:31,923
software algorithms this

517
00:21:31,990 --> 00:21:35,527
rotating module's technology

518
00:21:35,594 --> 00:21:38,463
Kings a roving eye on arriving

519
00:21:38,530 --> 00:21:44,503
spacecraft.

520
00:21:44,569 --> 00:21:49,808
♪ Music Playing ♪

521
00:21:49,875 --> 00:21:50,342
♪ Music Playing ♪

522
00:21:50,409 --> 00:21:52,611
>> Raven's head containing its

523
00:21:52,678 --> 00:21:54,546
three eyes or cameras, is always

524
00:21:54,613 --> 00:21:56,048
on the swivel, which is made

525
00:21:56,114 --> 00:21:59,418
possible by its integral gimple.

526
00:21:59,484 --> 00:22:03,021
>> Rave sen on on-orbit test bed

527
00:22:03,088 --> 00:22:04,156
that was built to mature

528
00:22:04,222 --> 00:22:05,090
technologies relates today

529
00:22:05,157 --> 00:22:06,925
relative navigation centers and

530
00:22:06,992 --> 00:22:08,226
algorithms.

531
00:22:08,293 --> 00:22:10,228
Raven was launch today the

532
00:22:10,295 --> 00:22:11,229
international space station

533
00:22:11,296 --> 00:22:13,799
aboard a SpaceX dragon capsule

534
00:22:13,865 --> 00:22:15,734
in February, 2017.

535
00:22:15,801 --> 00:22:17,436
And it's been operational on the

536
00:22:17,502 --> 00:22:19,037
space station since that time.

537
00:22:19,104 --> 00:22:20,539
So using three different censors

538
00:22:20,605 --> 00:22:22,841
on raven, that are on a movable

539
00:22:22,908 --> 00:22:25,544
gimble platform, raven can track

540
00:22:25,610 --> 00:22:27,813
the incoming visiting vehicle to

541
00:22:27,879 --> 00:22:29,347
station, all the way from very,

542
00:22:29,414 --> 00:22:31,850
very far away all the way up to

543
00:22:31,917 --> 00:22:33,685
where they dock with the space

544
00:22:33,752 --> 00:22:34,086
station.

545
00:22:34,152 --> 00:22:35,821
So basically, at any different

546
00:22:35,887 --> 00:22:37,823
time, raven can tell you where

547
00:22:37,889 --> 00:22:40,158
the incoming visiting vehicle is

548
00:22:40,225 --> 00:22:41,993
in space relative to the space

549
00:22:42,060 --> 00:22:44,296
station and what attitude or

550
00:22:44,362 --> 00:22:46,098
pointing direction it is.

551
00:22:46,164 --> 00:22:48,233
>> Raven sends the data it

552
00:22:48,300 --> 00:22:49,000
collects from tracking and

553
00:22:49,067 --> 00:22:50,936
observing incoming spacecraft to

554
00:22:51,002 --> 00:22:52,838
its processor or brain called

555
00:22:52,904 --> 00:22:54,272
space cube.

556
00:22:54,339 --> 00:22:55,807
This information then tells

557
00:22:55,874 --> 00:22:57,776
raven how it needs to move to

558
00:22:57,843 --> 00:22:59,845
continue to track the spacecraft

559
00:22:59,911 --> 00:23:02,647
engage relative distance and

560
00:23:02,714 --> 00:23:03,148
position.

561
00:23:03,215 --> 00:23:04,816
NASA engineers have taken what

562
00:23:04,883 --> 00:23:05,884
they have learned from multiple

563
00:23:05,951 --> 00:23:07,219
raven observations over the

564
00:23:07,285 --> 00:23:08,920
years to adjust and fine-tune

565
00:23:08,987 --> 00:23:10,322
the relative navigation system

566
00:23:10,388 --> 00:23:11,089
as needed.

567
00:23:11,156 --> 00:23:12,791
So it's ready for the upcoming

568
00:23:12,858 --> 00:23:15,494
on-orbit servicing, assembly and

569
00:23:15,560 --> 00:23:16,928
manufacturing one mission, which

570
00:23:16,995 --> 00:23:19,564
will robotically fuel a

571
00:23:19,631 --> 00:23:21,800
satellite among other things.

572
00:23:21,867 --> 00:23:23,034
>> Rave sen a censor system that

573
00:23:23,101 --> 00:23:25,003
can image an object, process

574
00:23:25,070 --> 00:23:26,438
those images on board in real

575
00:23:26,505 --> 00:23:28,607
time with advanced algorithms

576
00:23:28,673 --> 00:23:32,377
and calculate the poles of the

577
00:23:32,444 --> 00:23:33,812
object relative to itself.

578
00:23:33,879 --> 00:23:34,980
>> These factors come together

579
00:23:35,046 --> 00:23:35,981
to create something like

580
00:23:36,047 --> 00:23:37,849
spacecraft auto pilot.

581
00:23:37,916 --> 00:23:39,885
Much like a self-driving car can

582
00:23:39,951 --> 00:23:41,419
maintain cruise controlled based

583
00:23:41,486 --> 00:23:43,288
on speed of the vehicle it

584
00:23:43,355 --> 00:23:45,157
follows, two free-flying

585
00:23:45,223 --> 00:23:46,525
spacecraft will be able to dock

586
00:23:46,591 --> 00:23:47,559
with one another use this is

587
00:23:47,626 --> 00:23:48,860
technology.

588
00:23:48,927 --> 00:23:50,028
This operation is similar to the

589
00:23:50,095 --> 00:23:51,830
autonomous docking of visiting

590
00:23:51,897 --> 00:23:53,799
spacecraft to station, raven's

591
00:23:53,865 --> 00:23:55,634
unique application is necessary

592
00:23:55,700 --> 00:23:57,936
for dock two at salutes with the

593
00:23:58,003 --> 00:23:59,671
challenges of each moving and

594
00:23:59,738 --> 00:24:01,373
rotating in every direction

595
00:24:01,439 --> 00:24:03,508
during a rendezvous and docking

596
00:24:03,575 --> 00:24:03,909
phase.

597
00:24:03,975 --> 00:24:04,876
>> Using that information to

598
00:24:04,943 --> 00:24:06,812
then guide the first spacecraft

599
00:24:06,878 --> 00:24:10,382
to autonomously rendezvous with

600
00:24:10,448 --> 00:24:12,450
and dock with the second

601
00:24:12,517 --> 00:24:13,185
spacecraft.

602
00:24:13,251 --> 00:24:14,786
That means finding in space,

603
00:24:14,853 --> 00:24:16,221
aligning with it appropriately

604
00:24:16,288 --> 00:24:17,289
and bringing the two vehicles

605
00:24:17,355 --> 00:24:18,623
together without smashing them

606
00:24:18,690 --> 00:24:20,959
in to and destroying each other.

607
00:24:21,026 --> 00:24:23,862
All without human intervention.

608
00:24:23,929 --> 00:24:25,564
>> This capability is the kind

609
00:24:25,630 --> 00:24:26,598
of thing that you need for

610
00:24:26,665 --> 00:24:28,533
docking a spacecraft that were

611
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:30,735
not originally designed to be

612
00:24:30,802 --> 00:24:31,970
docked with and serviced which

613
00:24:32,037 --> 00:24:33,738
happens to be A vast majority of

614
00:24:33,805 --> 00:24:34,005
them.

615
00:24:34,072 --> 00:24:35,207
That's why raven's time on

616
00:24:35,273 --> 00:24:36,341
station is critical for the

617
00:24:36,408 --> 00:24:38,844
future of on-orbit service,

618
00:24:38,910 --> 00:24:41,079
assembly and manufacturing.

619
00:24:41,146 --> 00:24:43,548
The one mission will use raven

620
00:24:43,615 --> 00:24:45,717
Al relative navigation

621
00:24:45,784 --> 00:24:46,952
capability to autonomously,

622
00:24:47,018 --> 00:24:48,386
meaning no humans involved,

623
00:24:48,453 --> 00:24:50,522
rendezvous and dock with the

624
00:24:50,589 --> 00:24:52,557
satellite and robotic lie fuel

625
00:24:52,624 --> 00:24:52,724
it.

626
00:24:52,791 --> 00:24:53,625
This will be the first time in

627
00:24:53,692 --> 00:24:54,759
history a spacecraft not

628
00:24:54,826 --> 00:24:55,927
originally designed to be

629
00:24:55,994 --> 00:24:57,462
service will be refueled as a

630
00:24:57,529 --> 00:24:59,464
means to extend its operational

631
00:24:59,531 --> 00:24:59,831
life.

632
00:24:59,898 --> 00:25:01,066
Rave sen also important for

633
00:25:01,132 --> 00:25:03,435
future exploration missions.

634
00:25:03,501 --> 00:25:04,970
>> Raven's technologies can be

635
00:25:05,036 --> 00:25:07,172
applied to future NASA missions

636
00:25:07,239 --> 00:25:09,774
because if humans wants to make

637
00:25:09,841 --> 00:25:12,043
a foot print in the solar system

638
00:25:12,110 --> 00:25:13,445
beyond low earth orbit, which is

639
00:25:13,511 --> 00:25:14,613
where the international space

640
00:25:14,679 --> 00:25:16,081
station is Located, we are going

641
00:25:16,147 --> 00:25:18,283
to have to rely on some form of

642
00:25:18,350 --> 00:25:20,252
autonomous docking technologies

643
00:25:20,318 --> 00:25:20,919
in the future.

644
00:25:20,986 --> 00:25:22,687
Whether it be in Ann unmanned

645
00:25:22,754 --> 00:25:24,122
cargo vehicle, meeting up in

646
00:25:24,189 --> 00:25:27,025
orbit around the moon, refueling

647
00:25:27,092 --> 00:25:29,895
tanker locating in geo sink rah

648
00:25:29,961 --> 00:25:31,963
news earth orbit or a return

649
00:25:32,030 --> 00:25:32,898
vehicle arriving on Mars in

650
00:25:32,964 --> 00:25:34,633
advance of the current landing.

651
00:25:34,699 --> 00:25:37,269
All of these will require the

652
00:25:37,335 --> 00:25:38,136
technology that we are

653
00:25:38,203 --> 00:25:39,304
developing with rave glen using

654
00:25:39,371 --> 00:25:41,539
its three eyes raven is looking

655
00:25:41,606 --> 00:25:43,608
to the moon, Mars, and beyond.

656
00:25:43,675 --> 00:25:45,710
>> Relying on high Roy robust

657
00:25:45,777 --> 00:25:47,913
autonomous systems becomes more

658
00:25:47,979 --> 00:25:48,980
crucial the further you move

659
00:25:49,047 --> 00:25:50,148
away from earth as the

660
00:25:50,215 --> 00:25:51,683
communications time increases

661
00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:52,350
drastically.

662
00:25:52,417 --> 00:25:54,052
Once you move past lower earth

663
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:56,187
orbit it's impossible for humans

664
00:25:56,254 --> 00:25:58,023
on earth to do these highly

665
00:25:58,089 --> 00:25:59,791
complex maneuvers in real time

666
00:25:59,858 --> 00:26:01,059
it's more efficient to allow

667
00:26:01,126 --> 00:26:03,028
computers to perform these

668
00:26:03,094 --> 00:26:04,729
sequences autonomously without

669
00:26:04,796 --> 00:26:05,730
human intervention.

670
00:26:05,797 --> 00:26:06,531
>> Although raven has

671
00:26:06,598 --> 00:26:08,033
successfully conclude the its

672
00:26:08,099 --> 00:26:09,668
main mission objective it

673
00:26:09,734 --> 00:26:11,536
remains on station, meanwhile

674
00:26:11,603 --> 00:26:12,871
its team on the ground is using

675
00:26:12,938 --> 00:26:13,672
what they have learned to

676
00:26:13,738 --> 00:26:15,407
develop more, never before seen

677
00:26:15,473 --> 00:26:16,675
technologies that will enable

678
00:26:16,741 --> 00:26:21,680
future space exploration.

679
00:26:21,746 --> 00:26:22,714
>> The international space

680
00:26:22,781 --> 00:26:26,284
station is not the only NASA

681
00:26:26,351 --> 00:26:28,820
mission that's creating benefits

682
00:26:28,887 --> 00:26:29,888
for those of us stuck on the

683
00:26:29,955 --> 00:26:32,023
planet.

684
00:26:32,090 --> 00:26:34,125
Now right nor fashion missions

685
00:26:34,192 --> 00:26:37,629
measuring water in the soil and

686
00:26:37,696 --> 00:26:39,764
the impact it has on the water

687
00:26:39,831 --> 00:26:43,668
levels it contributes to

688
00:26:43,735 --> 00:26:46,371
agricultural production on the

689
00:26:46,438 --> 00:26:47,973
ground our colleagues from NASA

690
00:26:48,039 --> 00:26:49,941
Goddard space flight center have

691
00:26:50,008 --> 00:26:51,042
a look at what NASA those do

692
00:26:51,109 --> 00:26:52,544
with irrigation for agriculture

693
00:26:52,610 --> 00:26:54,145
and therefore the creation of

694
00:26:54,212 --> 00:26:57,215
snacks.

695
00:26:57,282 --> 00:26:58,717
>> Welcome to snack time.

696
00:26:58,783 --> 00:27:00,552
[ dog barking ]

697
00:27:00,618 --> 00:27:00,952
>> Okay.

698
00:27:01,019 --> 00:27:03,154
Welcome to snack time with NASA

699
00:27:03,221 --> 00:27:06,124
a your health Kathleen and this

700
00:27:06,191 --> 00:27:07,792
is my dog and we both really

701
00:27:07,859 --> 00:27:09,427
love cheese this past year at

702
00:27:09,494 --> 00:27:10,495
home we have all learned to

703
00:27:10,562 --> 00:27:11,396
appreciate the little things in

704
00:27:11,463 --> 00:27:12,630
life and, again, one of those

705
00:27:12,697 --> 00:27:14,265
things for us is a nice big

706
00:27:14,332 --> 00:27:14,899
cheese board.

707
00:27:14,966 --> 00:27:16,101
So today I am going to show you

708
00:27:16,167 --> 00:27:18,236
how I like to prepare my own and

709
00:27:18,303 --> 00:27:19,504
where NASA actually sits on the

710
00:27:19,571 --> 00:27:19,704
board.

711
00:27:19,771 --> 00:27:28,079
Many people don't know that NASA

712
00:27:28,146 --> 00:27:29,914
helps grow food.

713
00:27:29,981 --> 00:27:31,349
We'll highlight some of the

714
00:27:31,416 --> 00:27:33,985
foods they help grow from space.

715
00:27:34,052 --> 00:27:35,286
When you think of dairy you

716
00:27:35,353 --> 00:27:37,422
might think of freeze dried ice

717
00:27:37,489 --> 00:27:38,590
cream for astronauts.

718
00:27:38,656 --> 00:27:39,791
But the connection is diaper.

719
00:27:39,858 --> 00:27:41,659
Why a cracker and keys board?

720
00:27:41,726 --> 00:27:42,794
When we are talking about food

721
00:27:42,861 --> 00:27:45,030
it all comes down to water,

722
00:27:45,096 --> 00:27:47,599
corn, soy, alfalfa all needs

723
00:27:47,665 --> 00:27:49,367
water to grow whether it's being

724
00:27:49,434 --> 00:27:51,503
fed to humans are dairy cows

725
00:27:51,569 --> 00:27:52,937
when farmers are better prepared

726
00:27:53,004 --> 00:27:54,272
for water short nibble advance

727
00:27:54,339 --> 00:27:55,673
they can make more sustainable

728
00:27:55,740 --> 00:27:57,776
decisions like what crops to

729
00:27:57,842 --> 00:27:59,010
grow, how to irrigate them and

730
00:27:59,077 --> 00:28:01,613
where and what to feed their

731
00:28:01,679 --> 00:28:03,248
livestock so here to Pep explain

732
00:28:03,314 --> 00:28:04,149
the connection between space and

733
00:28:04,215 --> 00:28:08,653
place is Matt NASA hydro spheric

734
00:28:08,720 --> 00:28:09,187
scientist.

735
00:28:09,254 --> 00:28:10,155
How is it going?

736
00:28:10,221 --> 00:28:12,023
>> Hey, Kathleen, how are you

737
00:28:12,090 --> 00:28:12,791
thanks for having me.

738
00:28:12,857 --> 00:28:13,758
>> I am good, thanks for being

739
00:28:13,825 --> 00:28:14,259
here.

740
00:28:14,325 --> 00:28:16,127
While I attempt to cube some

741
00:28:16,194 --> 00:28:17,562
cheese, can you kneel what NASA

742
00:28:17,629 --> 00:28:18,463
those do with irrigation for

743
00:28:18,530 --> 00:28:19,998
agriculture?

744
00:28:20,065 --> 00:28:20,665
>> Absolutely.

745
00:28:20,732 --> 00:28:23,334
Agriculture requires a nice wet

746
00:28:23,401 --> 00:28:26,271
soil for growing crops.

747
00:28:26,337 --> 00:28:28,273
And in order to know how well

748
00:28:28,339 --> 00:28:30,275
the crops will grow the farmers

749
00:28:30,341 --> 00:28:31,609
need to have a better idea of

750
00:28:31,676 --> 00:28:32,777
how much water there is in is

751
00:28:32,844 --> 00:28:34,446
the in the soil we have come up

752
00:28:34,512 --> 00:28:35,747
with better ways for monitoring

753
00:28:35,814 --> 00:28:37,782
soil wet france space.

754
00:28:37,849 --> 00:28:39,484
One of the ways we do this is we

755
00:28:39,551 --> 00:28:41,419
use a NASA satellite called

756
00:28:41,486 --> 00:28:43,721
snap, which is an acronym.

757
00:28:43,788 --> 00:28:45,390
It actually measures the wetness

758
00:28:45,457 --> 00:28:47,092
in the stop of the soil.

759
00:28:47,158 --> 00:28:48,426
Worldwide.

760
00:28:48,493 --> 00:28:49,394
Every day.

761
00:28:49,461 --> 00:28:51,129
And this information is vital

762
00:28:51,196 --> 00:28:53,598
for understanding how much water

763
00:28:53,665 --> 00:28:54,866
is available for the plants, how

764
00:28:54,933 --> 00:28:56,067
much water is needed for

765
00:28:56,134 --> 00:28:58,670
irrigating the crops, and so

766
00:28:58,736 --> 00:29:00,071
it's usual for farmers and land

767
00:29:00,138 --> 00:29:03,475
managers and others, it's also

768
00:29:03,541 --> 00:29:04,909
useful for monitoring drought.

769
00:29:04,976 --> 00:29:06,778
Another mission that NASA has is

770
00:29:06,845 --> 00:29:08,913
called Grace, which is another

771
00:29:08,980 --> 00:29:11,516
acronym and Grace is incredible

772
00:29:11,583 --> 00:29:13,184
because it uses measurements of

773
00:29:13,251 --> 00:29:14,586
earth's gravity field to

774
00:29:14,652 --> 00:29:16,554
understand the amount of water

775
00:29:16,621 --> 00:29:19,224
on and in the land surface, so

776
00:29:19,290 --> 00:29:21,092
we can measure things like the

777
00:29:21,159 --> 00:29:22,727
amount of water in the

778
00:29:22,794 --> 00:29:24,562
underground aquifers, deep

779
00:29:24,629 --> 00:29:25,763
underground.

780
00:29:25,830 --> 00:29:27,265
This is vitally important

781
00:29:27,332 --> 00:29:28,533
because ground water is one of

782
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:30,335
the main sources of water for

783
00:29:30,401 --> 00:29:31,903
agriculture, it's also a source

784
00:29:31,970 --> 00:29:33,771
of water for people who have

785
00:29:33,838 --> 00:29:35,240
wells in their backyard like I

786
00:29:35,306 --> 00:29:37,275
do, so when I turn the faucet on

787
00:29:37,342 --> 00:29:38,910
that's ground water coming out.

788
00:29:38,977 --> 00:29:40,979
And, in fact, about half of the

789
00:29:41,045 --> 00:29:42,947
produce that we eat, we have

790
00:29:43,014 --> 00:29:44,582
ground water to thank for that

791
00:29:44,649 --> 00:29:45,950
because it's used for that much

792
00:29:46,017 --> 00:29:47,085
irrigation, this includes things

793
00:29:47,152 --> 00:29:50,088
like the wheat in your crackers,

794
00:29:50,155 --> 00:29:52,524
soy, fruits and individual

795
00:29:52,590 --> 00:29:53,558
tables on your platter, et

796
00:29:53,625 --> 00:29:53,858
cetera.

797
00:29:53,925 --> 00:29:55,393
So all of these things NASA is

798
00:29:55,460 --> 00:29:57,228
doing are really contributing to

799
00:29:57,295 --> 00:29:59,230
our understanding of the water

800
00:29:59,297 --> 00:30:00,465
available guilt that's critical

801
00:30:00,532 --> 00:30:02,500
for irrigating all of these

802
00:30:02,567 --> 00:30:03,134
crops.

803
00:30:03,201 --> 00:30:03,635
>> Interesting.

804
00:30:03,701 --> 00:30:05,503
And a good reminder that this

805
00:30:05,570 --> 00:30:07,906
cheese board needs dressing up.

806
00:30:07,972 --> 00:30:10,041
So I have edamame and what I

807
00:30:10,108 --> 00:30:10,708
believe to be the most

808
00:30:10,775 --> 00:30:12,110
underrated part of a cheese

809
00:30:12,177 --> 00:30:14,279
board which is carrots and

810
00:30:14,345 --> 00:30:15,547
olives.

811
00:30:15,613 --> 00:30:16,514
>> Those are pretty water

812
00:30:16,581 --> 00:30:17,482
intensive crops.

813
00:30:17,549 --> 00:30:22,520
And grown in the central valley

814
00:30:22,587 --> 00:30:23,988
where proper water management is

815
00:30:24,055 --> 00:30:24,389
critical.

816
00:30:24,455 --> 00:30:25,657
I see you have grape this is

817
00:30:25,723 --> 00:30:26,024
too.

818
00:30:26,090 --> 00:30:27,458
Speaking of grapes, NASA has an

819
00:30:27,525 --> 00:30:29,627
ongoing project with the U.S.

820
00:30:29,694 --> 00:30:31,930
department of agriculture and

821
00:30:31,996 --> 00:30:34,265
vintners in California called

822
00:30:34,332 --> 00:30:36,367
grape X where we are using data

823
00:30:36,434 --> 00:30:37,769
from land sat satellites along

824
00:30:37,835 --> 00:30:39,070
with multiple other space and

825
00:30:39,137 --> 00:30:40,872
ground-based observation sources

826
00:30:40,939 --> 00:30:42,674
and advanced computer models to

827
00:30:42,740 --> 00:30:44,742
help schedule irrigation for

828
00:30:44,809 --> 00:30:46,911
these vineyards and therefore

829
00:30:46,978 --> 00:30:48,746
preserve the precious resource

830
00:30:48,813 --> 00:30:50,381
water is really precious in

831
00:30:50,448 --> 00:30:50,882
California.

832
00:30:50,949 --> 00:30:52,450
Where there is an ongoing

833
00:30:52,517 --> 00:30:53,551
drought right now.

834
00:30:53,618 --> 00:30:55,019
As well as most of the American

835
00:30:55,086 --> 00:30:55,286
west.

836
00:30:55,353 --> 00:31:03,261
We use data to monitor drought

837
00:31:03,328 --> 00:31:05,897
this helps farmers and ranchers

838
00:31:05,964 --> 00:31:06,998
and other interested in

839
00:31:07,065 --> 00:31:08,132
agriculture to better prepare

840
00:31:08,199 --> 00:31:09,567
for drought and better plan how

841
00:31:09,634 --> 00:31:11,903
to mitigate the effects of

842
00:31:11,970 --> 00:31:13,104
drought.

843
00:31:13,171 --> 00:31:14,839
Drought is going to become even

844
00:31:14,906 --> 00:31:15,873
more important in the future we

845
00:31:15,940 --> 00:31:17,275
believe with climate change,

846
00:31:17,342 --> 00:31:19,244
it's likely that some parts of

847
00:31:19,310 --> 00:31:20,645
the world droughts are going to

848
00:31:20,712 --> 00:31:22,680
become more frequent and more

849
00:31:22,747 --> 00:31:25,483
intense and it's possible that

850
00:31:25,550 --> 00:31:27,318
the dry parts of the world will

851
00:31:27,385 --> 00:31:28,786
get drier, wet parts of the

852
00:31:28,853 --> 00:31:29,954
world will get wetter.

853
00:31:30,021 --> 00:31:31,022
That's where NASA comes in, we

854
00:31:31,089 --> 00:31:35,393
are helping with not only the

855
00:31:35,460 --> 00:31:36,561
current monitoring of drought

856
00:31:36,628 --> 00:31:37,962
but the forecasting of near

857
00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:40,665
current drought and predictions

858
00:31:40,732 --> 00:31:41,866
of how the planet will change in

859
00:31:41,933 --> 00:31:42,800
the future and how it will

860
00:31:42,867 --> 00:31:44,502
affect our water resources.

861
00:31:44,569 --> 00:31:46,404
>> Well, Matt, it looks like my

862
00:31:46,471 --> 00:31:47,672
cheese board is done, what do

863
00:31:47,739 --> 00:31:48,106
you think?

864
00:31:48,172 --> 00:31:50,441
>> I think it looks delicious I

865
00:31:50,508 --> 00:31:52,176
can't wait to start my own

866
00:31:52,243 --> 00:31:52,543
lunch.

867
00:31:52,610 --> 00:31:54,345
Thanks so much for having me,

868
00:31:54,412 --> 00:31:54,779
Kathleen.

869
00:31:54,846 --> 00:31:56,381
>> Thank you for joining me and

870
00:31:56,447 --> 00:31:57,282
thank you everyone for watching

871
00:31:57,348 --> 00:31:58,616
I hope you learned a lot I know

872
00:31:58,683 --> 00:31:59,651
I did.

873
00:31:59,717 --> 00:32:03,154
I hope this episode wasn't too

874
00:32:03,221 --> 00:32:11,863
cheesy for you.

875
00:32:11,929 --> 00:32:12,530
>> Okay, good.

876
00:32:12,597 --> 00:32:13,665
>> If you want another look at

877
00:32:13,731 --> 00:32:14,699
any of the stories with showed

878
00:32:14,766 --> 00:32:15,333
you today.

879
00:32:15,400 --> 00:32:16,968
Go on over to Youtube and

880
00:32:17,035 --> 00:32:18,569
Facebook at those addresses

881
00:32:18,636 --> 00:32:19,337
right there.

882
00:32:19,404 --> 00:32:20,738
You'll find them all there,

883
00:32:20,805 --> 00:32:21,906
along with lots of other

884
00:32:21,973 --> 00:32:23,708
features on a wide variety of

885
00:32:23,775 --> 00:32:24,809
NASA topics.

886
00:32:24,876 --> 00:32:26,311
If you are looking for good

887
00:32:26,377 --> 00:32:27,879
conversation about human space

888
00:32:27,945 --> 00:32:30,114
flight, check out Houston we

889
00:32:30,181 --> 00:32:31,049
have a Podcast.

890
00:32:31,115 --> 00:32:32,417
Our weekly show about all

891
00:32:32,483 --> 00:32:34,052
aspects of human space flight

892
00:32:34,118 --> 00:32:35,553
and NASA's missions and

893
00:32:35,620 --> 00:32:37,955
exploration, today Gary Jordan

894
00:32:38,022 --> 00:32:39,324
zeros in on the details of the

895
00:32:39,390 --> 00:32:40,658
Astro bee experiment on the

896
00:32:40,725 --> 00:32:42,093
international space station, and

897
00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:44,595
its predecessor experiment

898
00:32:44,662 --> 00:32:46,431
spheres to learn how scientists

899
00:32:46,497 --> 00:32:48,599
are developing autonomous robots

900
00:32:48,666 --> 00:32:50,868
to assist human astronauts on

901
00:32:50,935 --> 00:32:51,869
the space missions of the

902
00:32:51,936 --> 00:32:52,503
future.

903
00:32:52,570 --> 00:32:57,508
Go to NASA.gov/Podcasts for this

904
00:32:57,575 --> 00:32:59,243
week's episode and our previous

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00:33:01,646 --> 00:33:03,648
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