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IGNITION SEQUENCE STARTS.

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>> GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO

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THIS VIEW OF THE ACTIVITY IN THE

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INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

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FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM AT NASA'S

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JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.

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THESE SPECIALISTS ARE KEEPING AN

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EYE ON THE EXPEDITION 66 CREW

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MEMBERS THROUGH THE LAST FEW

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HOURS OF THEIR WORKWEEK IN

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SPACE.

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THE AMERICAN AND GERMAN CREW

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MEMBERS HAVE FOCUSSED ON SCIENCE

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EXPERIMENTS AND CARGO

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SPRAYINGSES WHILE COMMANDER

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ANTON SHKAPLEROV AND PYOTR

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DUBROV COMPLETED A SPACEWALK TO

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OUTFIT THE NEWEST MODULE.

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>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.

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A SPACEWALK CARGO DEPARTURE AND

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SCIENCE INVESTIGATION AND

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CONTINUES TO BE A BUSY WEEK

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ABOARD THE SPACE STATION.

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ON WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19TH,

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RUSSIAN COSMONAUTS ANTON

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SHKAPLEROV AND PYOTR DUBROV

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CREATED A SPACEWALK.

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THE THEY INSTALLED NEW HANDRAILS

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AND RENDEZVOUS ANTENNAS AND

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TELEVISION CAMERA AND DOCKING

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EQUIPMENT.

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THE FIRST DOCK IS PLANNED FOR

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MARCH.

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CARGO DRAGON IS SET TO RETURN

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CARRYING MORE THAN 4900 POUNDS

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OF SUPPLIES AND SAMPLES.

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THEY HAVE EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED

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ABOARD THE ORBITING LABORATORY

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AND READY TO DEPART.

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YOU CAN CATCH ALL THE ACTION ON

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NASA TELEVISION, THE AGENCY'S

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WEBSITE AND NASA APP.

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AFTER REENTERING THE EARTH'S

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ATMOSPHERE THEY'RE OFF THE COAST

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OF FLORIDA.

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ONE OF THE PAYLOADS RETURNING

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ABOARD CARGO DRAGON IS THE

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PHYSICS 4 STUDY.

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IT CAN HARNESS PARTICLES TO

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FABRICATE AND MANUFACTURE NEW

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MATERIALS INCLUDING MEDICAL

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DIAGNOSTICS AND THERMAL SHIELDS

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FOR EARTH AND SPACE

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APPLICATIONS.

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THE COMBUSTION EXPERIMENT HAD

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SOME PROGRESS THIS WEEK.

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IT'S A 6 INVESTIGATIONS AIMED AT

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REDUCING POLLUTANT ADMISSIONS

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AND AND ONE OF THE EXPERIMENTS'

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DESIGN IS TO IMPROVE OUR

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UNDERSTANDING OF SOOT.

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THAT'S SPACE TO GROUND AND THANK

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YOU SO MUCH FOR WATCHING AND

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DON'T FORGET TO FOLLOW ON

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TWITTER TO KEEP TRACK OF ALL THE

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SCIENCE ABOARD THE SPACE

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STATION.

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WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.

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ONE MORE NOTE ON THE SUBJECT OF

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EXTRA VEHICULAR ACTIVITIES AND

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THEY'RE WORKING TO RETURN

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ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON IN A FEW

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YEARS TO EXPLORE IT AND LEARN TO

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LIVE THERE LONG TERM AND PART OF

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THE PLAN TO GET HUMANS READY TO

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EXPLORE OUT IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

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AND STUDY THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM,

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AND ARTEMIS TEAMS HERE IN

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HOUSTON HAVE USED THE NEUTRAL

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BUOYANCY LABORATORY TO WORK ON

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DEVELOPING THE TOOLS AND

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TRAINING PLANS FOR THE

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ASTRONAUTS WHO WILL CONDUCT THE

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MOON WALKS OF THE FUTURE.

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TAKE A LOOK.

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>> LONG DURATION MISSIONS ON THE

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INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ARE

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HELPING PREPARE ASTRONAUTS TO

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LIVE ON THE MOON.

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AND FLIGHT ENGINEER MARK VANDE

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HEI IS IN THE LAST COUPLE OF

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MONTHS OF WHAT IS EXPECTED TO

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BECOME THE LONGEST SINGLE

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SPACEFLIGHT EVER BY AN AMERICAN

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ASTRONAUT.

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BEFORE HE LAUNCHED LAST YEAR,

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KNOWING THAT THERE WAS A CHANCE

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HE'D BE MAKING AN EXTENDED TRIP,

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THE RETIRED U.S. ARMY COLONEL

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WAS LOOKING FORWARD TO ANOTHER

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SHOT AT SOME OF THE THINGS HE

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KNEW HE WAS GOING TO GET TO

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EXPERIENCE ONCE AGAIN.

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>> I ALWAYS AS A KID I NEVER

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WOULD HAVE TOLD ANYBODY BE I

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WANTED TO BE AN ASTRONAUT.

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MY ATTITUDE WAS LIKE SAYING I

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WANT TO BE SPIDERMAN OR A

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SUPERHERO.

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I ALWAYS THOUGHT THAT WORKING IN

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NASA WOULD BE AMAZING BECAUSE MY

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PHYSICS BACKGROUND AND

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PHOTOGRAPHY YOU SEE FROM SPACE

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AND KNOWLEDGE THAT WE'RE PUSHING

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LIMITS WITH OUR SPACE PROGRAM.

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ALL THOSE THINGS MADE NASA SEEM

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VERY APPEALING.

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THE FACT THAT I GOT TO BE AN

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ASTRONAUT IS GRAVY AND NOW BEING

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AN ASTRONAUT GETTING TO GO TO

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SPACE.

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I KEEP GETTING THESE BONUS DEALS

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THAT ARE BETTER AND BETTER.

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SO I'M PRETTY EXCITED ABOUT IT.

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THE THING ABOUT PHYSICS THAT I

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LIKE IS IT TAKES WHAT WE KNOW,

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FIGURES OUT A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

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AND YOU CAN USE THAT AND GET AT

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WHAT WE DON'T KNOW AND THEORIZE

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THINGS.

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IT HELPS US IMAGINE THINGS THAT

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YOU CAN'T -- YOU DON'T HAVE

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INSTRUMENTS THAT YOU NEED TO

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DETECT AND THEN WHEN SCIENCE

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FOLLOWS UP WITH THAT AND TRY TO

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TEST THEORIES AND BEING ABLE TO

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CONTRIBUTE.

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SPACE STATION IS ALL ABOUT

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SCIENCE AND HELPING NASA FURTHER

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OUR EXPLORATION GOALS.

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I REALLY THINK WE HAVE TO KEEP

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EXPLORING.

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MOST OF OUR NATION'S BACKGROUND

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INVOLVES PEOPLE WHAT THEY'RE

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COMFORTABLE WITH AND COMING TO A

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PLACE THAT WAS NEW AND DIFFERENT

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AND VERY RISKY.

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SO I THINK IT'S PART OF OUR

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NATIONAL CHARACTER TO WANT TO

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EXPLORE.

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DEDICATING THE RESOURCE COULD

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HELP OUT ALL OF HUMANITY.

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>> MY NAME IS MARK VANDE HEI AND

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I'M A NASA ASTRONAUT.

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>> THOSE WHO SEE THE EARTH FROM

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THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

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OFTEN SAY IT PROVIDES THEM WITH

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A NEW APPRECIATION FOR THE

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PLANET.

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MANY OF THE PICTURES THEY TAKE

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OF THE PLANET ARE ALSO PROVIDING

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THE RAW MATERIALS FOR SCIENCE

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EXPERIMENTS.

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THE MIGRATION AERIAL SURFACE

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SPACE PROJECT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF

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THOUSANDS OF IMAGES CAPTURED

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BIAS IS AS TO GIVE PEOPLE AN

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UNDERSTAND BEEN OF THE

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MIGRATIONS THAT BIRDS UNDERTAKE

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ACROSS THE EARTH.

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>> I KNEW AS A CANADIAN

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ASTRONAUTS BACK IN JANUARY 1992.

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CURRENTLY MY ROLE IS TO CONDUCT

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SOME RESEARCH INTO THE MIGRATORY

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AND HAS BEEN AT THAT TIME AND

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BEHAVIORS OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF

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MIGRATORY BIRDS.

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WE'RE TRYING TO USE PHOTOGRAPHY

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TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPELLING

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REASON WHY PEOPLE NEED TO PAY

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ATTENTION TO THE FRAGILE

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ORGANISM AND ENVIRONMENTS.

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WE THINK AT THREE DIFFERENT

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LEVELS WILL PROVIDE THE

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DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE.

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IT'S AS IF WE WERE DOWN AT

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CARPET LEVEL WITH A MAGNIFYING

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LEVEL AND THEN WE GET UP AND SEE

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THE PATTERNS A LITTLE BIT

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DIFFERENTLY.

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AND THEN WE GET INTO SPACE AND

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SEE THIS WHOLE CORRIDOR BUT WE

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SEE DIFFERENT PATTERNS THAT WE

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DIDN'T EVEN KNOW EXISTED.

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SO THE SPACE STATION CAN PROVIDE

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US THESE IMAGES SO WE CAN

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ACTUALLY CONSTRUCT PART OF THAT

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FLIGHT AND PART OF THAT CORRIDOR

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OF ONE OF THESE SPECIES.

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>> GROWING UP AS A CANADIAN, THE

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DOCTOR WAS ONE OF MY HEROS.

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THE FIRST FEMALE ASTRONAUT IN A

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WE HAD IN CANADA AND SHE WAS

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OFFERING ME A CHANCE TO

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PARTICIPATE IN THIS BEAUTIFUL

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PROJECT.

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I LOVE THAT I GET TO STICK WITH

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MY HOPES TO SHARE MY LOVE OF THE

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ENVIRONMENT.

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ONE OF THE CHALLENGES OF TAKING

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PHOTOS OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

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STATION IS THAT WE'RE GOING

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PRETTY FAST.

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WE'RE GOING AROUND THE WORLD

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ABOUT AN HOUR AND A HALF FLYING

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AT 5 MILES A SECOND.

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AS YOU GET TO THE CUPOLA AND

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GETTING THE CAMERA READY AND

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TRYING TO WRAP YOUR MIND AROUND

220
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WHAT YOU'RE TRYING TO SEE AND

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YOU LOOK FORWARD TOWARDS THE RIM

222
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OF THE EARTH AND IT'S COMING

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PRETTY FAST AND YOU GOT TO

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IDENTIFY IT FROM THE HORIZON AS

225
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IT APPROACHES BECAUSE YOU HAVE

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MAYBE JUST A FEW SECONDS AS

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YOU'RE FLYING OVER THAT

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LOCATION.

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AND YOU LOOK BACK AND YOU'RE

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FLYING AWAY FROM IT AND THAT'S

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IT.

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THE WHOLE THING LASTS WAY LESS

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THAN A MINUTE.

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BUT CHASING THE RIGHT SCREEN IS

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A BIT OF AN ART BECAUSE YOU ONLY

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HAVE ONE CHANCE.

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>> TO DATE, WE HAVE AT LEAST I'D

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SAY SOME SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 24,

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25,000 IMAGES PROVIDED TO US

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FROM NASA.

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>> THIS IS ONE OF THE LARGER

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PROJECTS WE WORKED ON.

243
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TYPICALLY WE WORK WITH

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RESEARCHERS OR SCIENTISTS THAT

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ARE LOOKING AT A FEW DIFFERENT

246
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LOCATIONS ON EARTH, MAYBE NO

247
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MORE THAN 10.

248
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THIS ENDED UP BEING ABOUT 50

249
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DIFFERENT LOCATIONS AN EARTH

250
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THAT WE WANTED BOTH A STRAIGHT

251
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DOWN LOOKING SHOT AS WELL AS

252
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EARTHLING SHOTS.

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WE WORKED WITH VARIOUS CREW

254
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MEMBERS OVER THE YEARS TO TAKE A

255
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LOT OF THESE PHOTOS BUT WE ALSO

256
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REACHED BACK IN THE DATABASE

257
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JUST TO SEE WHAT ALREADY

258
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EXISTED.

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WE ARE GET EXCITED WHEN EXTERNAL

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GROUPS SPEAK OUT WITH IMAGERY

261
00:10:34,633 --> 00:10:37,670
PROJECTS WITH US ESPECIALLY

262
00:10:37,737 --> 00:10:39,872
SCIENTIST AND RESEARCH GROUPS.

263
00:10:39,939 --> 00:10:42,842
>> REALLY IT OFFICERS US AN

264
00:10:42,908 --> 00:10:44,176
AMAZING PERSPECTIVE ON OUR HOME

265
00:10:44,243 --> 00:10:46,045
AND THIS PROJECT IS A BEAUTIFUL

266
00:10:46,112 --> 00:10:48,080
EXAMPLE OF HOW WE CAN SCRATCH

267
00:10:48,147 --> 00:10:49,849
OUR HEADS AND TAKE A FEW STEPS

268
00:10:49,915 --> 00:10:51,384
PACK AND LOOK AT THE BIG

269
00:10:51,450 --> 00:10:51,784
PICTURE.

270
00:10:51,851 --> 00:10:53,185
>> IT'S ABOUT TAKING THAT

271
00:10:53,252 --> 00:10:56,088
CREATIVITY THAT WE'RE OFFERED IN

272
00:10:56,155 --> 00:10:57,957
SPACE AND COMBINING THAT WITH AN

273
00:10:58,024 --> 00:10:59,992
AREA SHOT OF GETTING CLOSER AND

274
00:11:00,059 --> 00:11:02,028
CLOSER THOUGH WHERE THEY PUT

275
00:11:02,094 --> 00:11:04,096
THEIR FEET ON THE GROUND, TO ME

276
00:11:04,163 --> 00:11:05,631
IS AN EXTRAORDINARY WAY OF

277
00:11:05,698 --> 00:11:08,367
TRYING TO BRING TOGETHER THIS

278
00:11:08,434 --> 00:11:09,902
EMOTIONAL STORY OF THE PORTION

279
00:11:09,969 --> 00:11:12,304
OF HABITAT PROTECTION SO THAT

280
00:11:12,371 --> 00:11:15,408
THESE BEAUTIFUL MAGNIFICENT

281
00:11:15,474 --> 00:11:18,677
CREATURES CAN SURVIVE ON OUR

282
00:11:18,744 --> 00:11:27,319
PLANET FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS.

283
00:11:27,386 --> 00:11:29,922
>> ASTRONAUTS AND COSMONAUT ON

284
00:11:29,989 --> 00:11:31,891
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

285
00:11:31,957 --> 00:11:33,125
SPEND SOME OF THE TIME KEEPING

286
00:11:33,192 --> 00:11:34,927
THE STATION OPERATING SMOOTHLY

287
00:11:34,994 --> 00:11:36,495
AND SOME OF THE TIME SUPPORTING

288
00:11:36,562 --> 00:11:38,164
SCIENCE OPERATIONS AND SOME

289
00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:39,565
TIMES THEY HELP STUDENTS ON

290
00:11:39,632 --> 00:11:41,367
EARTH LEARNING ABOUT SCIENCE,

291
00:11:41,434 --> 00:11:42,802
TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING AND

292
00:11:42,868 --> 00:11:43,369
MATH.

293
00:11:43,436 --> 00:11:46,439
IN THIS DEMONSTRATIONS VIDEO,

294
00:11:46,505 --> 00:11:49,475
ASTRONAUTS MEGAN MCARTHUR AND

295
00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:51,477
SHANE KIMBROUGH USE THE

296
00:11:51,544 --> 00:11:52,445
WEIGHTLESS ENVIRONMENT

297
00:11:52,511 --> 00:11:53,779
DEMONSTRATE THE CONCEPT OF

298
00:11:53,846 --> 00:11:56,449
MOMENT OF INERTIA IN A WAY THAT

299
00:11:56,515 --> 00:12:24,543
EVEN I CAN UNDERSTAND IT.

300
00:12:24,610 --> 00:12:28,147
HELLO MY NAME IS MEGAN MCARTHUR.

301
00:12:28,214 --> 00:12:30,382
>> MY NAME IS SHANE KIMBROUGH.

302
00:12:30,449 --> 00:12:33,352
WE'RE LIVING AND WORKING ABOARD

303
00:12:33,419 --> 00:12:35,054
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

304
00:12:35,121 --> 00:12:36,555
ORBITING 250 MILES ABOVE YOUR

305
00:12:36,622 --> 00:12:36,856
HEAD.

306
00:12:36,922 --> 00:12:38,591
WE LIVE IN A MICROGRAVITY

307
00:12:38,657 --> 00:12:39,758
ENVIRONMENT WHICH ALLOWS US TO

308
00:12:39,825 --> 00:12:41,060
EXPERIMENT WITH WEIGHTLESSNESS

309
00:12:41,127 --> 00:12:43,295
AND PUSH THE BOUNDARIES OF

310
00:12:43,362 --> 00:12:43,829
SCIENCE.

311
00:12:43,896 --> 00:12:45,397
>> TODAY WE'LL DEMONSTRATE

312
00:12:45,464 --> 00:12:48,234
MOMENT OF INERTIA BY USING A

313
00:12:48,300 --> 00:12:49,635
LARGE FLASHLIGHT AND

314
00:12:49,702 --> 00:12:51,270
DEMONSTRATING IT WITH THE HUMAN

315
00:12:51,337 --> 00:12:51,704
BODY.

316
00:12:51,770 --> 00:12:52,404
ARE YOU READY?

317
00:12:52,471 --> 00:12:54,006
LET'S GO CHECK IT OUT.

318
00:12:54,073 --> 00:12:55,908
IT'S A TENDENCY OF AN OBJECT TO

319
00:12:55,975 --> 00:12:57,409
RESIST CHANGE IN ITS CURRENT

320
00:12:57,476 --> 00:12:58,077
STATE OF MOTION.

321
00:12:58,144 --> 00:12:59,979
THAT MIGHT SOUND FAMILIAR SINCE

322
00:13:00,045 --> 00:13:01,814
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION IS

323
00:13:01,881 --> 00:13:03,582
REFERRED TO AS THE LAW OF

324
00:13:03,649 --> 00:13:04,016
INERTIA.

325
00:13:04,083 --> 00:13:05,851
MOMENT OF INERTIA ON THE OTHER

326
00:13:05,918 --> 00:13:06,952
HAND, DESCRIBES AN OBJECT

327
00:13:07,019 --> 00:13:09,288
TENDENCY TO RESIST ROTATIONAL

328
00:13:09,355 --> 00:13:09,989
ACCELERATION.

329
00:13:10,055 --> 00:13:11,891
AN OBJECT'S MOMENT OF INERTIA IS

330
00:13:11,957 --> 00:13:13,926
A PROPERTY THAT DEPENDS ON HOW

331
00:13:13,993 --> 00:13:15,828
MASS IS DISTRIBUTED AROUND ITS

332
00:13:15,895 --> 00:13:17,129
ACCESS OF ROTATION.

333
00:13:17,196 --> 00:13:18,597
THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

334
00:13:18,664 --> 00:13:20,566
AN OBJECT'S MASS DISTRIBUTION

335
00:13:20,633 --> 00:13:23,068
AND HOW EASILY IT OPINIONS SPINS

336
00:13:23,135 --> 00:13:24,670
OR RESISTS SPINNING.

337
00:13:24,737 --> 00:13:26,639
IN GENERAL, OBJECTS HAVE A LOWER

338
00:13:26,705 --> 00:13:29,975
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND EASIER TO

339
00:13:30,042 --> 00:13:32,111
SPIN IF THE MASS IS CLOSER TO

340
00:13:32,178 --> 00:13:33,579
THE ACCESS OF ROTATION.

341
00:13:33,646 --> 00:13:36,015
AS YOU CAN SEE, THE FLASHLIGHT

342
00:13:36,081 --> 00:13:37,783
ROTATING ABOUT ITS LONGER AXIS

343
00:13:37,850 --> 00:13:39,718
IS SPINNING AT A FASTER RATE

344
00:13:39,785 --> 00:13:41,387
THAN THE FLASHLIGHT ROTATING

345
00:13:41,453 --> 00:13:45,191
ABOUT ITS SHORTER AXIS.

346
00:13:45,257 --> 00:13:46,892
THIS IS BECAUSE ITS MASS IS

347
00:13:46,959 --> 00:13:48,160
CLOSER TO THE AXIS OF ROTATION.

348
00:13:48,227 --> 00:13:49,962
THE SPINNING FLASHLIGHT IN THIS

349
00:13:50,029 --> 00:13:52,731
POSITION A HAS A LOWER MOMENT OF

350
00:13:52,798 --> 00:13:54,533
INERTIA WHICH MEANS THERE IS

351
00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:55,901
LESS RESISTANCE TO ROTATION.

352
00:13:55,968 --> 00:13:57,736
WHEN THE FLASHLIGHT IS SPUN

353
00:13:57,803 --> 00:13:59,738
ABOUT ITS SHORTER AXIS ITS MASS

354
00:13:59,805 --> 00:14:01,540
IS SPREAD FURTHER AWAY FROM THE

355
00:14:01,607 --> 00:14:03,008
AXIS OF ROTATION.

356
00:14:03,075 --> 00:14:05,144
IN THIS POSITION THE FLASHLIGHT

357
00:14:05,211 --> 00:14:07,513
HAS A HIGHER MOMENT OF INERTIA.

358
00:14:07,580 --> 00:14:09,448
NOW LET'S SEE IF THIS APPLIES TO

359
00:14:09,515 --> 00:14:11,283
HUMANS AS HE WILL WELL.

360
00:14:11,350 --> 00:14:13,652
>> NOTICE HOW FAST MEGAN IS

361
00:14:13,719 --> 00:14:14,987
SPINNING IN RELATION TO HER

362
00:14:15,054 --> 00:14:15,788
BODY'S POSITION.

363
00:14:15,854 --> 00:14:17,590
WHEN HER ARMS ARE TUCKED IN

364
00:14:17,656 --> 00:14:20,492
TIGHTLY, IT DECREASES WHICH

365
00:14:20,559 --> 00:14:21,727
CAUSES HER TO SPIN FASTER AND

366
00:14:21,794 --> 00:14:23,762
HER ARMS ARE EXTENDED OUT MORE

367
00:14:23,829 --> 00:14:25,331
MASS IS PULLED FURTHER AWAY FROM

368
00:14:25,397 --> 00:14:27,099
THE AXIS OF ROTATION WHICH

369
00:14:27,166 --> 00:14:28,634
INCREASES HER MOMENT OF INERTIA

370
00:14:28,701 --> 00:14:30,502
AND CAUSES HER TO SPIN SLOWER.

371
00:14:30,569 --> 00:14:32,238
THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE

372
00:14:32,304 --> 00:14:34,139
REDISTRIBUTING OUR MASS CHANGES

373
00:14:34,206 --> 00:14:36,408
OUR MOMENT OF INERTIA WHICH IN

374
00:14:36,475 --> 00:14:38,744
TURN CHANGES HOW FAST WE SPIN.

375
00:14:38,811 --> 00:14:40,079
THANKS FOR COMING ABOARD AND

376
00:14:40,145 --> 00:14:41,080
MUCH WATCHING OUR DEMONSTRATION

377
00:14:41,146 --> 00:14:41,413
TODAY.

378
00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:43,249
TO EXPLORE MORE ON MOMENT OF

379
00:14:43,315 --> 00:14:46,151
INERTIA CHECK OUT THE CLASSROOM

380
00:14:46,218 --> 00:14:47,086
CONNECTION LESSON THAT GOES

381
00:14:47,152 --> 00:14:49,221
ALONG WITH VIDEO AND DISCOVER

382
00:14:49,288 --> 00:14:50,589
MANY OTHERS ON THE STEM ON

383
00:14:50,656 --> 00:14:51,724
STATION WEBSITE.

384
00:14:51,790 --> 00:15:10,676
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.

385
00:15:10,743 --> 00:15:13,479
THE MISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL

386
00:15:13,545 --> 00:15:14,179
SPACE STATION INCLUDES SERVING

387
00:15:14,246 --> 00:15:16,115
AS A PLATFORM FOR SCIENTIFIC

388
00:15:16,181 --> 00:15:17,683
RESEARCH AND FOR LEARNING HOW TO

389
00:15:17,750 --> 00:15:19,518
SUPPORT HUMAN CREW MEMBERS

390
00:15:19,585 --> 00:15:21,153
DURING LONG DURATION MISSIONS

391
00:15:21,220 --> 00:15:22,421
AWAY FROM THE SAFETY OF EARTH.

392
00:15:22,488 --> 00:15:24,990
THE AND PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL

393
00:15:25,057 --> 00:15:27,326
COOPERATION AND BEING A TEST BED

394
00:15:27,393 --> 00:15:29,428
FOR FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES THAT

395
00:15:29,495 --> 00:15:30,996
WE'LL NEED TO SUPPORT OUR PLANS

396
00:15:31,063 --> 00:15:32,965
TO EXPLORE FURTHER THAN EVER

397
00:15:33,032 --> 00:15:38,604
BEFORE IN THE YEARS TO COME.

398
00:15:38,671 --> 00:15:40,239
MAKING SPACE FOR TECHNOLOGY

399
00:15:40,306 --> 00:15:44,576
DEVELOPMENT.

400
00:15:44,643 --> 00:15:49,415
PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA.

401
00:15:49,481 --> 00:15:51,150
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

402
00:15:51,216 --> 00:15:54,486
OR ISS IS EARTH'S ONLY ORBITING

403
00:15:54,553 --> 00:15:55,654
LABORATORY.

404
00:15:55,721 --> 00:15:57,456
THAT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT NOT

405
00:15:57,523 --> 00:15:58,857
ONLY ALLOWS US TO CONDUCT

406
00:15:58,924 --> 00:16:00,059
RESEARCH THAT BENEFITS ALL OF US

407
00:16:00,125 --> 00:16:02,995
ON EARTH, IT ALSO PROVIDES THE

408
00:16:03,062 --> 00:16:04,763
ONLY MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT IN

409
00:16:04,830 --> 00:16:07,066
WHICH WE CAN TEST TECHNOLOGY'S

410
00:16:07,132 --> 00:16:10,536
CRITICAL TO OUR DEEP SPACE

411
00:16:10,602 --> 00:16:11,870
EXPLORATION IN THE NEAR AND FAR

412
00:16:11,937 --> 00:16:12,604
TERM FUTURE.

413
00:16:12,671 --> 00:16:15,207
HERE ENGINEERING MODELS CAN BE

414
00:16:15,274 --> 00:16:16,709
VALIDATED AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

415
00:16:16,775 --> 00:16:18,377
AND SYSTEMS FOR FUTURE MISSIONS

416
00:16:18,444 --> 00:16:20,279
CAN BE DEMONSTRATED WITHOUT RISK

417
00:16:20,346 --> 00:16:22,815
TO CREW MEMBERS.

418
00:16:22,881 --> 00:16:24,650
HISTORICALLY THE MERCURY PROGRAM

419
00:16:24,717 --> 00:16:27,653
ENABLED THE GEMINI PROBLEM WHICH

420
00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:29,922
IN TURN ENABLED THE APOLLO

421
00:16:29,988 --> 00:16:31,056
PROGRAM THROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND

422
00:16:31,123 --> 00:16:32,224
SYSTEM ADVANCEMENTS.

423
00:16:32,291 --> 00:16:33,559
TODAY THE SPACE STATION IS

424
00:16:33,625 --> 00:16:36,395
GIVING US A SIMILAR EXPERIENCE

425
00:16:36,462 --> 00:16:39,064
IN LONG DURATION SPACECRAFT

426
00:16:39,131 --> 00:16:40,699
OPERATION AND SERVING AS A TEST

427
00:16:40,766 --> 00:16:42,368
BED FOR UPGRADED VEHICLE STEMS

428
00:16:42,434 --> 00:16:43,702
WHICH ARE ENABLING FUTURE

429
00:16:43,769 --> 00:16:46,305
MISSIONS.

430
00:16:46,372 --> 00:16:49,308
DAVE HORNIACK IS A NASA ISS

431
00:16:49,375 --> 00:16:51,877
DEMONSTRATION RESEARCH PORTFOLIO

432
00:16:51,944 --> 00:16:52,177
MANAGER.

433
00:16:52,244 --> 00:16:54,580
HE KNOWS THE ISS LETS US

434
00:16:54,646 --> 00:16:55,714
DEMONSTRATE A TECHNOLOGY WORKS

435
00:16:55,781 --> 00:16:57,649
AS INTENDED IN A SPACECRAFT

436
00:16:57,716 --> 00:16:59,585
ENVIRONMENT.

437
00:16:59,651 --> 00:17:00,619
DEMONSTRATIONS ON THE SPACE

438
00:17:00,686 --> 00:17:02,187
STATION INFORM OPERATORS AND

439
00:17:02,254 --> 00:17:03,689
FLIGHT CRUISE HOW THE SYSTEM

440
00:17:03,756 --> 00:17:04,623
OPERATES.

441
00:17:04,690 --> 00:17:06,525
PROVES INTEROPERABILITY WITH

442
00:17:06,592 --> 00:17:08,494
OTHER STEMS AND DEMONSTRATES

443
00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:11,363
SYSTEM SAFETY AND RELIABILITY.

444
00:17:11,430 --> 00:17:13,098
THERE ARE MANY TECHNOLOGIES AND

445
00:17:13,165 --> 00:17:14,299
CAPABILITIES THAT NEED TO BE

446
00:17:14,366 --> 00:17:15,901
DEVELOPED AS WE MOVE FORWARD TO

447
00:17:15,968 --> 00:17:18,804
THE MOON AND ONTO MARS.

448
00:17:18,871 --> 00:17:20,572
FOR EXAMPLE, RESEARCHERS HAVE

449
00:17:20,639 --> 00:17:22,274
RECENTLY TESTED A NEW DESIGN OF

450
00:17:22,341 --> 00:17:24,176
SOLAR ARRAY THAT WILL BE USED ON

451
00:17:24,243 --> 00:17:26,545
THE FIRST MODULE FOR THE DEEP

452
00:17:26,612 --> 00:17:28,747
SPACE GATE AT AN OUR FUTURE

453
00:17:28,814 --> 00:17:30,315
SPACE STATION THAT WILL SERVE AS

454
00:17:30,382 --> 00:17:32,084
A HOME BASE TO EXPEDITIONS TO

455
00:17:32,151 --> 00:17:34,019
THE MOON.

456
00:17:34,086 --> 00:17:34,853
SOLAR ARRAYS IN OPERATION RIGHT

457
00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:36,188
NOW NEED TO UNFOLD BEFORE

458
00:17:36,255 --> 00:17:37,322
BECOMING ACTIVE.

459
00:17:37,389 --> 00:17:39,858
BUT NEW DESIGNS ALLOW FUTURE

460
00:17:39,925 --> 00:17:42,761
SOLAR ARRAYS TO RETRACT.

461
00:17:42,828 --> 00:17:44,029
THEY WERE TESTED FOR STRENGTH

462
00:17:44,096 --> 00:17:46,198
AND DURABILITY ON THE ISS AND

463
00:17:46,265 --> 00:17:47,866
WERE DESIGNED TO BE MORE COMPACT

464
00:17:47,933 --> 00:17:51,804
THAN CURRENT RIGID PANELS.

465
00:17:51,870 --> 00:17:54,573
NASA'S ORION MULTIPURPOSE CREW

466
00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:55,874
VEHICLE IS A 4 PERSON

467
00:17:55,941 --> 00:17:57,209
EXPLORATION CRAFT DESIGNED TO

468
00:17:57,276 --> 00:17:59,411
TAKE ASTRONAUTS FURTHER IN SPACE

469
00:17:59,478 --> 00:18:02,080
THAN ANYONE HAS GONE BEFORE.

470
00:18:02,147 --> 00:18:04,516
ITS BACK-UP NAVIGATION SYSTEM

471
00:18:04,583 --> 00:18:06,752
USES NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT IS

472
00:18:06,819 --> 00:18:08,854
OPTICALLY BASED AND CAPTURES

473
00:18:08,921 --> 00:18:10,122
IMAGES OF THE MOON AND EARTH AND

474
00:18:10,189 --> 00:18:13,091
IS BASED ON SIZE AND ANGLE

475
00:18:13,158 --> 00:18:15,794
ALGORITHM DETERMINES ORION'S

476
00:18:15,861 --> 00:18:16,228
LOCATION.

477
00:18:16,295 --> 00:18:17,362
THEY CAN'T BE TESTED ON EARTH

478
00:18:17,429 --> 00:18:19,398
BECAUSE THE ATMOSPHERE WOULD

479
00:18:19,465 --> 00:18:21,667
DISTORT THE IMAGES TO MAKE IT

480
00:18:21,733 --> 00:18:22,100
INACCURATE.

481
00:18:22,167 --> 00:18:25,204
ABOARD THE ISS, HOWEVER IT WAS

482
00:18:25,270 --> 00:18:27,005
CONFIRMED TO WORK PROPERLY.

483
00:18:27,072 --> 00:18:28,574
A SECONDARY BENEFIT IS THE

484
00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:30,442
SYSTEM WAS TESTED AT SPACECRAFT

485
00:18:30,509 --> 00:18:31,176
SPEED.

486
00:18:31,243 --> 00:18:33,212
MAKING FOR A REALISTIC

487
00:18:33,278 --> 00:18:34,913
NAVIGATION SCENARIO.

488
00:18:34,980 --> 00:18:36,482
AS PEOPLE TRAVELED DEEPER INTO

489
00:18:36,548 --> 00:18:38,484
SPACE, THEY'LL NEED SOLUTIONS TO

490
00:18:38,550 --> 00:18:41,220
A VARIETY OF SAFETY CHALLENGES.

491
00:18:41,286 --> 00:18:43,555
FOR INSTANCE, IF A FIRE BREAKS

492
00:18:43,622 --> 00:18:45,557
OUT HOW FAST CAN IT GROW AND

493
00:18:45,624 --> 00:18:47,493
SPREAD IN A MICROGRAVITY

494
00:18:47,559 --> 00:18:48,093
ENVIRONMENT.

495
00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:51,864
NASA'S SPACECRAFT FIRE SAFETY

496
00:18:51,930 --> 00:18:53,966
HAS CONDUCTED A SERIES OF

497
00:18:54,032 --> 00:18:55,767
EXPERIMENTS ON 3 CARGO VEHICLES

498
00:18:55,834 --> 00:18:58,537
TO MEASURE FLAME GROWTH AND

499
00:18:58,604 --> 00:19:01,073
OXYGEN USE AND COMBUSTION

500
00:19:01,139 --> 00:19:02,508
PRODUCTS AND RESULTS ARE HELPING

501
00:19:02,574 --> 00:19:05,511
TO IMPROVE FIRE DETECTION AND

502
00:19:05,577 --> 00:19:07,446
RESPONSE AND EXTINGUISHMENT AND

503
00:19:07,513 --> 00:19:08,580
CREW PROTECTION.

504
00:19:08,647 --> 00:19:12,050
ULTIMATELY, TECHNOLOGY AND

505
00:19:12,117 --> 00:19:13,118
DEMONSTRATIONS OCCURRING ON THE

506
00:19:13,185 --> 00:19:16,288
ISS TODAY ARE GUIDING OUR

507
00:19:16,355 --> 00:19:17,856
PLANNING AND REDUCING RISK AND

508
00:19:17,923 --> 00:19:19,925
PROVIDING CAPABILITIES TO ENABLE

509
00:19:19,992 --> 00:19:22,628
FUTURE EXPLORATION MISSIONS.

510
00:19:22,694 --> 00:19:24,263
FOR MORE INSIDE INFORMATION

511
00:19:24,329 --> 00:19:26,131
ABOUT THE TECH TEAM BEING TESTED

512
00:19:26,198 --> 00:19:27,733
ABOARD THE STATION VISIT

513
00:19:27,799 --> 00:19:33,605
WWW.NASA.GOV/ISS/SCIENCE.

514
00:19:33,672 --> 00:19:35,941
FOR MORE ON THE SCIENCE OF SPACE

515
00:19:36,008 --> 00:19:37,042
EXPLORATION VISIT

516
00:19:37,109 --> 00:19:45,050
SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.

517
00:19:45,117 --> 00:19:47,119
>> ONE GOAL AT THE INTERNATIONAL

518
00:19:47,185 --> 00:19:48,520
SPACE STATION IS TO DEVELOP THE

519
00:19:48,587 --> 00:19:49,721
TECHNOLOGIES WE'LL NEED FOR

520
00:19:49,788 --> 00:19:51,590
FUTURE EXPLORATIONS, BUT WHEN WE

521
00:19:51,657 --> 00:19:53,125
GO BACK TO THE MOON AND THEN ON

522
00:19:53,191 --> 00:19:54,526
TO MARS.

523
00:19:54,593 --> 00:19:57,229
NASA'S EXPLORATION AND IN SPACE

524
00:19:57,296 --> 00:20:00,165
SERVICES PROJECTS DIVISION AT

525
00:20:00,232 --> 00:20:01,934
THE GODDARD SPACEFLIGHT CENTER

526
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,068
SENT MANY TO ORBIT.

527
00:20:03,135 --> 00:20:04,570
IN THE THIS EPISODE OF TECH ON

528
00:20:04,636 --> 00:20:06,204
DECK, WE LEARN ABOUT THEIR FIRST

529
00:20:06,271 --> 00:20:08,240
ONE, THE ROBOTIC REFUELLING

530
00:20:08,307 --> 00:20:09,675
MISSION.

531
00:20:09,741 --> 00:20:10,976
>> OUTSIDE OF THE INTERNATIONAL

532
00:20:11,043 --> 00:20:12,811
SPACE STATION, SPACE CAN BE A

533
00:20:12,878 --> 00:20:13,946
LONELY PLACE.

534
00:20:14,012 --> 00:20:15,547
MOST SATELLITES ARE DESIGNED TO

535
00:20:15,614 --> 00:20:17,149
LIVE THEIR LIVES ALONE AND YET

536
00:20:17,215 --> 00:20:19,217
TO FIND LIFE OUTSIDE OF EARTH.

537
00:20:19,284 --> 00:20:21,320
THIS MEANS THAT WHEN WE LAUNCH A

538
00:20:21,386 --> 00:20:22,588
SPACECRAFT OR SATELLITE FOR THE

539
00:20:22,654 --> 00:20:25,157
MOST PART IT'S ON ITS OWN AND

540
00:20:25,223 --> 00:20:27,526
HAS A LIMITED LIFE SPAN BASED ON

541
00:20:27,593 --> 00:20:29,962
WHEN CRITICAL ITEMS LIKE FUEL

542
00:20:30,028 --> 00:20:30,429
RUN OUT.

543
00:20:30,495 --> 00:20:31,863
YOU WOULDN'T THROW AWAY YOUR CAR

544
00:20:31,930 --> 00:20:33,231
IF IT RAN OUT OF GAS AND THANKS

545
00:20:33,298 --> 00:20:35,467
TO THE ADVENT OF MODERN DAY

546
00:20:35,534 --> 00:20:36,969
ROBOTICS AND SOFTWARE AND

547
00:20:37,035 --> 00:20:39,071
COMPUTING POWER WE'LL BE ABLE TO

548
00:20:39,137 --> 00:20:58,590
APPLY THAT TO SATELLITES.

549
00:20:58,657 --> 00:21:01,126
WE ARE ON THE CUSP OF BREAKING

550
00:21:01,193 --> 00:21:03,629
THE ONE AND DONE PARADIGM THAT

551
00:21:03,695 --> 00:21:06,898
EXISTS FOR MOST SATELLITES.

552
00:21:06,965 --> 00:21:09,768
AND RRM DEMONSTRATION ON THE

553
00:21:09,835 --> 00:21:11,269
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IS

554
00:21:11,336 --> 00:21:11,603
KEY.

555
00:21:11,670 --> 00:21:13,572
BECAUSE REFUELLING A SATELLITE

556
00:21:13,639 --> 00:21:15,207
THAT WAS NOT DESIGNED TO BE

557
00:21:15,273 --> 00:21:17,075
REFUELLED HAS NEVER BEEN DONE,

558
00:21:17,142 --> 00:21:17,709
PRACTICE IS KEY.

559
00:21:17,776 --> 00:21:19,611
WITH THAT IN MIND THE FIRST TWO

560
00:21:19,678 --> 00:21:21,346
PHASES TOOK PLACE ON STATION

561
00:21:21,413 --> 00:21:23,615
FROM 2011 TO 2017.

562
00:21:23,682 --> 00:21:25,617
AND TESTED THE TOOLS,

563
00:21:25,684 --> 00:21:27,019
TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO

564
00:21:27,085 --> 00:21:30,322
REFUEL AND REPAIR SATELLITES IN

565
00:21:30,389 --> 00:21:30,956
ORBIT.

566
00:21:31,023 --> 00:21:35,827
>> RRM WERE DESIGNED TO TEST

567
00:21:35,894 --> 00:21:36,962
SPACECRAFT AS WELL AS THE FIRST

568
00:21:37,029 --> 00:21:40,699
STEPS OF CRYOGENIC REFUELLING.

569
00:21:40,766 --> 00:21:42,467
WE WANTED TO USE THE

570
00:21:42,534 --> 00:21:43,168
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO

571
00:21:43,235 --> 00:21:45,437
BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE THE

572
00:21:45,504 --> 00:21:46,538
TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO

573
00:21:46,605 --> 00:21:49,007
DO THIS, SO WE BUILT INNOVATIVE

574
00:21:49,074 --> 00:21:50,776
TOOLS TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN

575
00:21:50,842 --> 00:21:52,911
ROBOT.

576
00:21:52,978 --> 00:21:54,880
>> CONSISTENT OF A MODULE OR BOX

577
00:21:54,946 --> 00:21:56,014
AFFIX TO DO THE OUTSIDE OF THE

578
00:21:56,081 --> 00:21:58,183
STATION AND ROBOTIC TOOLS, THE

579
00:21:58,250 --> 00:22:00,118
DEMONSTRATION USE STATION'S

580
00:22:00,185 --> 00:22:01,987
DETECTIVE ROBOT TO OPERATE TOOLS

581
00:22:02,054 --> 00:22:05,357
AND TEST SERVICING TASKS SUCH AS

582
00:22:05,424 --> 00:22:07,693
CUTTING BACK AND UNSCREWING CAPS

583
00:22:07,759 --> 00:22:08,860
AND TURNING VALVES AND

584
00:22:08,927 --> 00:22:13,198
TRANSFERRING FLUID AND

585
00:22:13,265 --> 00:22:14,733
INTERMEDIARY STEPS LEADING UP TO

586
00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:15,400
REFUELLING.

587
00:22:15,467 --> 00:22:17,069
>> WE WERE ABLE TO TRANSFER FUEL

588
00:22:17,135 --> 00:22:20,539
END TO END TO A SPACECRAFT AND

589
00:22:20,605 --> 00:22:22,708
TO A VALVE THAT WASN'T DESIGNED

590
00:22:22,774 --> 00:22:24,076
TO BE ROBOT PARTICULARLY

591
00:22:24,142 --> 00:22:25,343
REFUELLED.

592
00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:26,678
>> HELP TEST AND IMPROVE

593
00:22:26,745 --> 00:22:28,080
TECHNOLOGY THAT WILL MAKE

594
00:22:28,146 --> 00:22:31,283
REFUELLING SATELLITES POSSIBLE.

595
00:22:31,349 --> 00:22:33,251
SOMETHING THAT WILL BE

596
00:22:33,318 --> 00:22:35,487
DEMONSTRATED BY ASSEMBLY AND

597
00:22:35,554 --> 00:22:36,988
MANUFACTURING ONE MISSION AND

598
00:22:37,055 --> 00:22:38,990
ALSO LAYS THE GROUNDWORK FOR

599
00:22:39,057 --> 00:22:41,393
DESIGNING FUTURE SATELLITES IN A

600
00:22:41,460 --> 00:22:42,894
WAY TO MAKE THEM MORE

601
00:22:42,961 --> 00:22:43,662
SERVICEABLE.

602
00:22:43,729 --> 00:22:45,564
>> IT'S IMPORTANT AS WE NEEDED

603
00:22:45,630 --> 00:22:47,666
TO DEMONSTRATE IN ORBIT THIS

604
00:22:47,733 --> 00:22:48,700
TECHNOLOGY WAS READY.

605
00:22:48,767 --> 00:22:51,203
A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT FELT THAT

606
00:22:51,269 --> 00:22:55,574
AT THE TIME OF RM THAT THE

607
00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:56,742
TECHNOLOGY WAS SO FAR IN THE

608
00:22:56,808 --> 00:22:57,676
FUTURE THEY DIDN'T BELIEVE WHAT

609
00:22:57,743 --> 00:22:58,643
WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WAS

610
00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:59,678
POSSIBLE.

611
00:22:59,745 --> 00:23:02,380
SO WE NEEDED TO DEMONSTRATE IN

612
00:23:02,447 --> 00:23:04,316
ORBIT THIS TECHNOLOGY SO THAT WE

613
00:23:04,382 --> 00:23:06,551
COULD START CHANGING THE

614
00:23:06,618 --> 00:23:08,553
PARADIGM AND INCORPORATE THESE

615
00:23:08,620 --> 00:23:10,355
INTO THE FUTURE SPACECRAFT AND

616
00:23:10,422 --> 00:23:12,491
DESIGN.

617
00:23:12,557 --> 00:23:14,659
>> RRM PHASE 1 AND 2 WERE ALL

618
00:23:14,726 --> 00:23:16,795
ABOUT PREPARING AN INTERFACE FOR

619
00:23:16,862 --> 00:23:19,631
REFUELLING WHICH IN MANY WAYS IS

620
00:23:19,698 --> 00:23:21,366
HALF THE BATTLE.

621
00:23:21,433 --> 00:23:23,435
YOU NEED TO PERFORM A SERIES OF

622
00:23:23,502 --> 00:23:27,272
HIGHLY DEXTROUS TASKS TO ACCESS

623
00:23:27,339 --> 00:23:27,839
THE VALVE.

624
00:23:27,906 --> 00:23:29,741
AND NEXT STEP IS TO PERFORM

625
00:23:29,808 --> 00:23:31,543
REFUELLING TASKS WHICH IS WHAT

626
00:23:31,610 --> 00:23:35,147
THE NEXT PHASE RRM3 HAS BEEN

627
00:23:35,213 --> 00:23:36,281
DEMONSTRATING OVER A SERIES OF

628
00:23:36,348 --> 00:23:37,516
OPERATIONS SINCE 2018.

629
00:23:37,582 --> 00:23:40,018
RRM IS A CRITICAL PIECE OF THE

630
00:23:40,085 --> 00:23:42,087
SUSTAINABLE PUZZLE THAT HELPS

631
00:23:42,154 --> 00:23:43,455
WITH THE ABILITY TO ROBOT

632
00:23:43,522 --> 00:23:44,523
PARTICULARLY REFUEL AND REPAIR

633
00:23:44,589 --> 00:23:46,892
AND MAINTAIN SATELLITES IN NEAR

634
00:23:46,958 --> 00:23:48,827
AND DISTANT OR BITS WELL BEYOND

635
00:23:48,894 --> 00:23:51,196
THE REACH OF HUMANS CAN GO

636
00:23:51,263 --> 00:23:57,736
TODAY.

637
00:23:57,803 --> 00:24:00,005
>> AS WE TRAVEL FARTHER INTO

638
00:24:00,071 --> 00:24:01,406
SPACE FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT TO

639
00:24:01,473 --> 00:24:04,209
THE MOON TO MARS, MAYBE SOME DAY

640
00:24:04,276 --> 00:24:07,145
BEYOND THAT, CLEVER SOLUTIONS TO

641
00:24:07,212 --> 00:24:10,949
SUPPLY PROBLEMS LIKE STOCKING

642
00:24:11,016 --> 00:24:12,384
SPARE PARTS WILL BE A VITAL PART

643
00:24:12,450 --> 00:24:13,752
OF PREPARATIONS.

644
00:24:13,819 --> 00:24:17,656
3-D PRINTING IS AN EMERGING

645
00:24:17,722 --> 00:24:19,591
TECHNOLOGY THAT COULD CREATE

646
00:24:19,658 --> 00:24:20,826
CUSTOM CRITICAL PARTS.

647
00:24:20,892 --> 00:24:22,460
BUT IN ORDER FOR IT TO BE

648
00:24:22,527 --> 00:24:23,495
PRACTICAL WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND

649
00:24:23,562 --> 00:24:26,798
HOW PARTICLES, SHAPE AND SIZE

650
00:24:26,865 --> 00:24:28,200
AND DISTRIBUTION AFFECT THE

651
00:24:28,266 --> 00:24:29,768
MANUFACTURING PROCESS WHEN IN

652
00:24:29,835 --> 00:24:31,136
THE CONDITIONS FOUND IN DEEP

653
00:24:31,203 --> 00:24:32,270
SPACE.

654
00:24:32,337 --> 00:24:33,939
ONE PARTICULAR STUDY IS HELPING

655
00:24:34,005 --> 00:24:37,442
TO EXPLORE THOSE FACTORS.

656
00:24:37,509 --> 00:24:38,343
ONE OF THE THINGS THEY'LL HAVE

657
00:24:38,410 --> 00:24:41,079
TO DO FOR SPACE EXPLORATION IS

658
00:24:41,146 --> 00:24:43,748
DO MANUFACTURING.

659
00:24:43,815 --> 00:24:45,951
WE MAY HAVE AN ENGINE PART THAT

660
00:24:46,017 --> 00:24:48,320
FAILS AND YOU'RE NOT GOING TO

661
00:24:48,386 --> 00:24:50,021
TAKE UP SPARE ENGINE PARTS.

662
00:24:50,088 --> 00:24:50,956
YOU'LL HAVE TO MANUFACTURE THEM

663
00:24:51,022 --> 00:24:53,058
THERE.

664
00:24:53,124 --> 00:24:55,794
IT MEANS LOOKING AT MICROSCOPIC

665
00:24:55,861 --> 00:24:56,494
PARTICLES BECAUSE THEY'RE

666
00:24:56,561 --> 00:24:57,362
BUILDING BLOCKS.

667
00:24:57,429 --> 00:24:59,998
AND NOW I THINK A BIG PART OF

668
00:25:00,065 --> 00:25:02,734
THE FUTURE IN THE FIELD AND FOR

669
00:25:02,801 --> 00:25:04,736
LOTS OF DIFFERENT REASONS IS

670
00:25:04,803 --> 00:25:05,570
ACTIVE MATERIALS.

671
00:25:05,637 --> 00:25:07,572
SO NOW WE HAVE WAYS THAT INSTEAD

672
00:25:07,639 --> 00:25:10,809
OF JUST PARTICLES BEING JUST

673
00:25:10,876 --> 00:25:12,978
PARTICLES, WE CAN HAVE ACTIVATE

674
00:25:13,044 --> 00:25:14,913
THEM AND FUNCTIONALIZE THEM AND

675
00:25:14,980 --> 00:25:18,850
GET THEM TO ASSOCIATE WITH ONE

676
00:25:18,917 --> 00:25:19,951
ANOTHER SPECIFICALLY AND ONE OF

677
00:25:20,018 --> 00:25:21,686
THE THINGS WE'RE AIMING FOR IS

678
00:25:21,753 --> 00:25:24,756
ACTIVE SELF REPLICATION AND

679
00:25:24,823 --> 00:25:28,260
EVOLUTION AND MICROGRAVITY.

680
00:25:28,326 --> 00:25:29,761
PUT LOTS OF THINGS TOGETHER AND

681
00:25:29,828 --> 00:25:32,097
OPTIMIZE PROPERTIES USING

682
00:25:32,163 --> 00:25:34,499
EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSIONS FROM

683
00:25:34,566 --> 00:25:39,537
NOT MIMICKING THINGS BUT

684
00:25:39,604 --> 00:25:41,139
MIMICKING THINGS THAT HAVE DID

685
00:25:41,206 --> 00:25:42,440
NOT DONE SUCCESSFULLY.

686
00:25:42,507 --> 00:25:45,210
WE LEARN HOW TO DO THAT ON EARTH

687
00:25:45,277 --> 00:25:45,844
EVENTUALLY.

688
00:25:45,911 --> 00:25:47,279
BUT BEFORE WE DO THAT IT'S

689
00:25:47,345 --> 00:25:48,046
BETTER BECAUSE THEY HAVE

690
00:25:48,113 --> 00:25:51,049
DIFFERENT DENSITIES DO IT

691
00:25:51,116 --> 00:26:01,726
MICROGRAVITY.

692
00:26:01,793 --> 00:26:03,595
IT'S ALWAYS REALLY IMPORTANT TO

693
00:26:03,662 --> 00:26:05,130
DO SOMETHING IN THE FOREFRONT OF

694
00:26:05,196 --> 00:26:08,099
SCIENCE THAT WILL THEN BECOME A

695
00:26:08,166 --> 00:26:13,805
FOREFRONT IN ENGINEERING AND

696
00:26:13,872 --> 00:26:16,641
PRODUCTION.

697
00:26:16,708 --> 00:26:18,043
>> SHOULD IF YOU WANT ANOTHER

698
00:26:18,109 --> 00:26:19,511
LOOK AT ANY OF THE STORIES WE

699
00:26:19,577 --> 00:26:21,379
SHOWED YOU TODAY, GO OVER TO

700
00:26:21,446 --> 00:26:23,548
YOUTUBE OR FACEBOOK AT THOSE

701
00:26:23,615 --> 00:26:24,616
ADDRESSES RIGHT THERE AND FIND

702
00:26:24,683 --> 00:26:26,451
THEM ALL ALONG WITH LOTS OF

703
00:26:26,518 --> 00:26:28,620
OTHER GREAT FEATURES ON A WIDE

704
00:26:28,687 --> 00:26:29,487
VARIETY OF TOPICS.

705
00:26:29,554 --> 00:26:31,122
IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR A GOOD

706
00:26:31,189 --> 00:26:32,290
CONVERSATION AND HUMAN

707
00:26:32,357 --> 00:26:34,125
SPACEFLIGHT, CHECK OUT HOUSTON

708
00:26:34,192 --> 00:26:35,527
WE HAVE A PODCAST OUR WEEKLY

709
00:26:35,593 --> 00:26:37,963
SHOW ABOUT ALL ASPECTS OF HUMAN

710
00:26:38,029 --> 00:26:40,298
SPACEFLIGHT AND NASA'S MISSION

711
00:26:40,365 --> 00:26:41,967
OF EXPLORATION.

712
00:26:42,033 --> 00:26:44,302
TODAY GARY JORDAN GETS INTO THE

713
00:26:44,369 --> 00:26:46,137
DETAILS OF THE ONE BIOLOGICAL

714
00:26:46,204 --> 00:26:47,405
EXPERIMENT THAT WILL FLY ON THE

715
00:26:47,472 --> 00:26:49,174
ARTEMIS 1 MISSION THIS YEAR

716
00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:51,109
WHICH WILL FOCUS ON THE EFFECTS

717
00:26:51,176 --> 00:26:53,712
OF RADIATION ON A BIOLOGICAL

718
00:26:53,778 --> 00:26:54,746
SAMPLE IN DEEP SPACE.

719
00:26:54,813 --> 00:26:56,448
THE FIRST EXPERIMENT LIKE IT

720
00:26:56,514 --> 00:26:57,849
SINCE THE APOLLO YEARS.

721
00:26:57,916 --> 00:27:02,287
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST FOR THIS

722
00:27:02,354 --> 00:27:04,723
WEEK'S EPISODE AND PREVIOUS.

723
00:27:04,789 --> 00:27:06,524
ALL THE PODCASTS ARE THERE AND

724
00:27:06,591 --> 00:27:08,760
ON APPLE PODCAST AND GOOGLE

725
00:27:08,827 --> 00:27:09,961
PODCAST AND SOUND CLOUD.

726
00:27:10,028 --> 00:27:11,062
YOU CAN GET THE LATEST FROM ALL

727
00:27:11,129 --> 00:27:12,664
OVER NASA, DELIVERED TO YOU

728
00:27:12,731 --> 00:27:13,565
EVERY WEEK.

729
00:27:13,631 --> 00:27:14,632
GO TO NASA.GOV/SUBSCRIBE TO SIGN