IGNITION SEQUENCE STARTS.
>> GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO
THIS VIEW OF THE ACTIVITY IN THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM AT NASA'S
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.
THESE SPECIALISTS ARE KEEPING AN
EYE ON THE EXPEDITION 66 CREW
MEMBERS THROUGH THE LAST FEW
HOURS OF THEIR WORKWEEK IN
SPACE.
THE AMERICAN AND GERMAN CREW
MEMBERS HAVE FOCUSSED ON SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS AND CARGO
SPRAYINGSES WHILE COMMANDER
ANTON SHKAPLEROV AND PYOTR
DUBROV COMPLETED A SPACEWALK TO
OUTFIT THE NEWEST MODULE.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.
A SPACEWALK CARGO DEPARTURE AND
SCIENCE INVESTIGATION AND
CONTINUES TO BE A BUSY WEEK
ABOARD THE SPACE STATION.
ON WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19TH,
RUSSIAN COSMONAUTS ANTON
SHKAPLEROV AND PYOTR DUBROV
CREATED A SPACEWALK.
THE THEY INSTALLED NEW HANDRAILS
AND RENDEZVOUS ANTENNAS AND
TELEVISION CAMERA AND DOCKING
EQUIPMENT.
THE FIRST DOCK IS PLANNED FOR
MARCH.
CARGO DRAGON IS SET TO RETURN
CARRYING MORE THAN 4900 POUNDS
OF SUPPLIES AND SAMPLES.
THEY HAVE EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED
ABOARD THE ORBITING LABORATORY
AND READY TO DEPART.
YOU CAN CATCH ALL THE ACTION ON
NASA TELEVISION, THE AGENCY'S
WEBSITE AND NASA APP.
AFTER REENTERING THE EARTH'S
ATMOSPHERE THEY'RE OFF THE COAST
OF FLORIDA.
ONE OF THE PAYLOADS RETURNING
ABOARD CARGO DRAGON IS THE
PHYSICS 4 STUDY.
IT CAN HARNESS PARTICLES TO
FABRICATE AND MANUFACTURE NEW
MATERIALS INCLUDING MEDICAL
DIAGNOSTICS AND THERMAL SHIELDS
FOR EARTH AND SPACE
APPLICATIONS.
THE COMBUSTION EXPERIMENT HAD
SOME PROGRESS THIS WEEK.
IT'S A 6 INVESTIGATIONS AIMED AT
REDUCING POLLUTANT ADMISSIONS
AND AND ONE OF THE EXPERIMENTS'
DESIGN IS TO IMPROVE OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF SOOT.
THAT'S SPACE TO GROUND AND THANK
YOU SO MUCH FOR WATCHING AND
DON'T FORGET TO FOLLOW ON
TWITTER TO KEEP TRACK OF ALL THE
SCIENCE ABOARD THE SPACE
STATION.
WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
ONE MORE NOTE ON THE SUBJECT OF
EXTRA VEHICULAR ACTIVITIES AND
THEY'RE WORKING TO RETURN
ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON IN A FEW
YEARS TO EXPLORE IT AND LEARN TO
LIVE THERE LONG TERM AND PART OF
THE PLAN TO GET HUMANS READY TO
EXPLORE OUT IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
AND STUDY THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM,
AND ARTEMIS TEAMS HERE IN
HOUSTON HAVE USED THE NEUTRAL
BUOYANCY LABORATORY TO WORK ON
DEVELOPING THE TOOLS AND
TRAINING PLANS FOR THE
ASTRONAUTS WHO WILL CONDUCT THE
MOON WALKS OF THE FUTURE.
TAKE A LOOK.
>> LONG DURATION MISSIONS ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ARE
HELPING PREPARE ASTRONAUTS TO
LIVE ON THE MOON.
AND FLIGHT ENGINEER MARK VANDE
HEI IS IN THE LAST COUPLE OF
MONTHS OF WHAT IS EXPECTED TO
BECOME THE LONGEST SINGLE
SPACEFLIGHT EVER BY AN AMERICAN
ASTRONAUT.
BEFORE HE LAUNCHED LAST YEAR,
KNOWING THAT THERE WAS A CHANCE
HE'D BE MAKING AN EXTENDED TRIP,
THE RETIRED U.S. ARMY COLONEL
WAS LOOKING FORWARD TO ANOTHER
SHOT AT SOME OF THE THINGS HE
KNEW HE WAS GOING TO GET TO
EXPERIENCE ONCE AGAIN.
>> I ALWAYS AS A KID I NEVER
WOULD HAVE TOLD ANYBODY BE I
WANTED TO BE AN ASTRONAUT.
MY ATTITUDE WAS LIKE SAYING I
WANT TO BE SPIDERMAN OR A
SUPERHERO.
I ALWAYS THOUGHT THAT WORKING IN
NASA WOULD BE AMAZING BECAUSE MY
PHYSICS BACKGROUND AND
PHOTOGRAPHY YOU SEE FROM SPACE
AND KNOWLEDGE THAT WE'RE PUSHING
LIMITS WITH OUR SPACE PROGRAM.
ALL THOSE THINGS MADE NASA SEEM
VERY APPEALING.
THE FACT THAT I GOT TO BE AN
ASTRONAUT IS GRAVY AND NOW BEING
AN ASTRONAUT GETTING TO GO TO
SPACE.
I KEEP GETTING THESE BONUS DEALS
THAT ARE BETTER AND BETTER.
SO I'M PRETTY EXCITED ABOUT IT.
THE THING ABOUT PHYSICS THAT I
LIKE IS IT TAKES WHAT WE KNOW,
FIGURES OUT A MATHEMATICAL MODEL
AND YOU CAN USE THAT AND GET AT
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW AND THEORIZE
THINGS.
IT HELPS US IMAGINE THINGS THAT
YOU CAN'T -- YOU DON'T HAVE
INSTRUMENTS THAT YOU NEED TO
DETECT AND THEN WHEN SCIENCE
FOLLOWS UP WITH THAT AND TRY TO
TEST THEORIES AND BEING ABLE TO
CONTRIBUTE.
SPACE STATION IS ALL ABOUT
SCIENCE AND HELPING NASA FURTHER
OUR EXPLORATION GOALS.
I REALLY THINK WE HAVE TO KEEP
EXPLORING.
MOST OF OUR NATION'S BACKGROUND
INVOLVES PEOPLE WHAT THEY'RE
COMFORTABLE WITH AND COMING TO A
PLACE THAT WAS NEW AND DIFFERENT
AND VERY RISKY.
SO I THINK IT'S PART OF OUR
NATIONAL CHARACTER TO WANT TO
EXPLORE.
DEDICATING THE RESOURCE COULD
HELP OUT ALL OF HUMANITY.
>> MY NAME IS MARK VANDE HEI AND
I'M A NASA ASTRONAUT.
>> THOSE WHO SEE THE EARTH FROM
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
OFTEN SAY IT PROVIDES THEM WITH
A NEW APPRECIATION FOR THE
PLANET.
MANY OF THE PICTURES THEY TAKE
OF THE PLANET ARE ALSO PROVIDING
THE RAW MATERIALS FOR SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS.
THE MIGRATION AERIAL SURFACE
SPACE PROJECT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF
THOUSANDS OF IMAGES CAPTURED
BIAS IS AS TO GIVE PEOPLE AN
UNDERSTAND BEEN OF THE
MIGRATIONS THAT BIRDS UNDERTAKE
ACROSS THE EARTH.
>> I KNEW AS A CANADIAN
ASTRONAUTS BACK IN JANUARY 1992.
CURRENTLY MY ROLE IS TO CONDUCT
SOME RESEARCH INTO THE MIGRATORY
AND HAS BEEN AT THAT TIME AND
BEHAVIORS OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF
MIGRATORY BIRDS.
WE'RE TRYING TO USE PHOTOGRAPHY
TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPELLING
REASON WHY PEOPLE NEED TO PAY
ATTENTION TO THE FRAGILE
ORGANISM AND ENVIRONMENTS.
WE THINK AT THREE DIFFERENT
LEVELS WILL PROVIDE THE
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE.
IT'S AS IF WE WERE DOWN AT
CARPET LEVEL WITH A MAGNIFYING
LEVEL AND THEN WE GET UP AND SEE
THE PATTERNS A LITTLE BIT
DIFFERENTLY.
AND THEN WE GET INTO SPACE AND
SEE THIS WHOLE CORRIDOR BUT WE
SEE DIFFERENT PATTERNS THAT WE
DIDN'T EVEN KNOW EXISTED.
SO THE SPACE STATION CAN PROVIDE
US THESE IMAGES SO WE CAN
ACTUALLY CONSTRUCT PART OF THAT
FLIGHT AND PART OF THAT CORRIDOR
OF ONE OF THESE SPECIES.
>> GROWING UP AS A CANADIAN, THE
DOCTOR WAS ONE OF MY HEROS.
THE FIRST FEMALE ASTRONAUT IN A
WE HAD IN CANADA AND SHE WAS
OFFERING ME A CHANCE TO
PARTICIPATE IN THIS BEAUTIFUL
PROJECT.
I LOVE THAT I GET TO STICK WITH
MY HOPES TO SHARE MY LOVE OF THE
ENVIRONMENT.
ONE OF THE CHALLENGES OF TAKING
PHOTOS OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE
STATION IS THAT WE'RE GOING
PRETTY FAST.
WE'RE GOING AROUND THE WORLD
ABOUT AN HOUR AND A HALF FLYING
AT 5 MILES A SECOND.
AS YOU GET TO THE CUPOLA AND
GETTING THE CAMERA READY AND
TRYING TO WRAP YOUR MIND AROUND
WHAT YOU'RE TRYING TO SEE AND
YOU LOOK FORWARD TOWARDS THE RIM
OF THE EARTH AND IT'S COMING
PRETTY FAST AND YOU GOT TO
IDENTIFY IT FROM THE HORIZON AS
IT APPROACHES BECAUSE YOU HAVE
MAYBE JUST A FEW SECONDS AS
YOU'RE FLYING OVER THAT
LOCATION.
AND YOU LOOK BACK AND YOU'RE
FLYING AWAY FROM IT AND THAT'S
IT.
THE WHOLE THING LASTS WAY LESS
THAN A MINUTE.
BUT CHASING THE RIGHT SCREEN IS
A BIT OF AN ART BECAUSE YOU ONLY
HAVE ONE CHANCE.
>> TO DATE, WE HAVE AT LEAST I'D
SAY SOME SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 24,
25,000 IMAGES PROVIDED TO US
FROM NASA.
>> THIS IS ONE OF THE LARGER
PROJECTS WE WORKED ON.
TYPICALLY WE WORK WITH
RESEARCHERS OR SCIENTISTS THAT
ARE LOOKING AT A FEW DIFFERENT
LOCATIONS ON EARTH, MAYBE NO
MORE THAN 10.
THIS ENDED UP BEING ABOUT 50
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS AN EARTH
THAT WE WANTED BOTH A STRAIGHT
DOWN LOOKING SHOT AS WELL AS
EARTHLING SHOTS.
WE WORKED WITH VARIOUS CREW
MEMBERS OVER THE YEARS TO TAKE A
LOT OF THESE PHOTOS BUT WE ALSO
REACHED BACK IN THE DATABASE
JUST TO SEE WHAT ALREADY
EXISTED.
WE ARE GET EXCITED WHEN EXTERNAL
GROUPS SPEAK OUT WITH IMAGERY
PROJECTS WITH US ESPECIALLY
SCIENTIST AND RESEARCH GROUPS.
>> REALLY IT OFFICERS US AN
AMAZING PERSPECTIVE ON OUR HOME
AND THIS PROJECT IS A BEAUTIFUL
EXAMPLE OF HOW WE CAN SCRATCH
OUR HEADS AND TAKE A FEW STEPS
PACK AND LOOK AT THE BIG
PICTURE.
>> IT'S ABOUT TAKING THAT
CREATIVITY THAT WE'RE OFFERED IN
SPACE AND COMBINING THAT WITH AN
AREA SHOT OF GETTING CLOSER AND
CLOSER THOUGH WHERE THEY PUT
THEIR FEET ON THE GROUND, TO ME
IS AN EXTRAORDINARY WAY OF
TRYING TO BRING TOGETHER THIS
EMOTIONAL STORY OF THE PORTION
OF HABITAT PROTECTION SO THAT
THESE BEAUTIFUL MAGNIFICENT
CREATURES CAN SURVIVE ON OUR
PLANET FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS.
>> ASTRONAUTS AND COSMONAUT ON
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
SPEND SOME OF THE TIME KEEPING
THE STATION OPERATING SMOOTHLY
AND SOME OF THE TIME SUPPORTING
SCIENCE OPERATIONS AND SOME
TIMES THEY HELP STUDENTS ON
EARTH LEARNING ABOUT SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING AND
MATH.
IN THIS DEMONSTRATIONS VIDEO,
ASTRONAUTS MEGAN MCARTHUR AND
SHANE KIMBROUGH USE THE
WEIGHTLESS ENVIRONMENT
DEMONSTRATE THE CONCEPT OF
MOMENT OF INERTIA IN A WAY THAT
EVEN I CAN UNDERSTAND IT.
HELLO MY NAME IS MEGAN MCARTHUR.
>> MY NAME IS SHANE KIMBROUGH.
WE'RE LIVING AND WORKING ABOARD
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
ORBITING 250 MILES ABOVE YOUR
HEAD.
WE LIVE IN A MICROGRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT WHICH ALLOWS US TO
EXPERIMENT WITH WEIGHTLESSNESS
AND PUSH THE BOUNDARIES OF
SCIENCE.
>> TODAY WE'LL DEMONSTRATE
MOMENT OF INERTIA BY USING A
LARGE FLASHLIGHT AND
DEMONSTRATING IT WITH THE HUMAN
BODY.
ARE YOU READY?
LET'S GO CHECK IT OUT.
IT'S A TENDENCY OF AN OBJECT TO
RESIST CHANGE IN ITS CURRENT
STATE OF MOTION.
THAT MIGHT SOUND FAMILIAR SINCE
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION IS
REFERRED TO AS THE LAW OF
INERTIA.
MOMENT OF INERTIA ON THE OTHER
HAND, DESCRIBES AN OBJECT
TENDENCY TO RESIST ROTATIONAL
ACCELERATION.
AN OBJECT'S MOMENT OF INERTIA IS
A PROPERTY THAT DEPENDS ON HOW
MASS IS DISTRIBUTED AROUND ITS
ACCESS OF ROTATION.
THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
AN OBJECT'S MASS DISTRIBUTION
AND HOW EASILY IT OPINIONS SPINS
OR RESISTS SPINNING.
IN GENERAL, OBJECTS HAVE A LOWER
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND EASIER TO
SPIN IF THE MASS IS CLOSER TO
THE ACCESS OF ROTATION.
AS YOU CAN SEE, THE FLASHLIGHT
ROTATING ABOUT ITS LONGER AXIS
IS SPINNING AT A FASTER RATE
THAN THE FLASHLIGHT ROTATING
ABOUT ITS SHORTER AXIS.
THIS IS BECAUSE ITS MASS IS
CLOSER TO THE AXIS OF ROTATION.
THE SPINNING FLASHLIGHT IN THIS
POSITION A HAS A LOWER MOMENT OF
INERTIA WHICH MEANS THERE IS
LESS RESISTANCE TO ROTATION.
WHEN THE FLASHLIGHT IS SPUN
ABOUT ITS SHORTER AXIS ITS MASS
IS SPREAD FURTHER AWAY FROM THE
AXIS OF ROTATION.
IN THIS POSITION THE FLASHLIGHT
HAS A HIGHER MOMENT OF INERTIA.
NOW LET'S SEE IF THIS APPLIES TO
HUMANS AS HE WILL WELL.
>> NOTICE HOW FAST MEGAN IS
SPINNING IN RELATION TO HER
BODY'S POSITION.
WHEN HER ARMS ARE TUCKED IN
TIGHTLY, IT DECREASES WHICH
CAUSES HER TO SPIN FASTER AND
HER ARMS ARE EXTENDED OUT MORE
MASS IS PULLED FURTHER AWAY FROM
THE AXIS OF ROTATION WHICH
INCREASES HER MOMENT OF INERTIA
AND CAUSES HER TO SPIN SLOWER.
THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE
REDISTRIBUTING OUR MASS CHANGES
OUR MOMENT OF INERTIA WHICH IN
TURN CHANGES HOW FAST WE SPIN.
THANKS FOR COMING ABOARD AND
MUCH WATCHING OUR DEMONSTRATION
TODAY.
TO EXPLORE MORE ON MOMENT OF
INERTIA CHECK OUT THE CLASSROOM
CONNECTION LESSON THAT GOES
ALONG WITH VIDEO AND DISCOVER
MANY OTHERS ON THE STEM ON
STATION WEBSITE.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
THE MISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION INCLUDES SERVING
AS A PLATFORM FOR SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH AND FOR LEARNING HOW TO
SUPPORT HUMAN CREW MEMBERS
DURING LONG DURATION MISSIONS
AWAY FROM THE SAFETY OF EARTH.
THE AND PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION AND BEING A TEST BED
FOR FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES THAT
WE'LL NEED TO SUPPORT OUR PLANS
TO EXPLORE FURTHER THAN EVER
BEFORE IN THE YEARS TO COME.
MAKING SPACE FOR TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT.
PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA.
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
OR ISS IS EARTH'S ONLY ORBITING
LABORATORY.
THAT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT NOT
ONLY ALLOWS US TO CONDUCT
RESEARCH THAT BENEFITS ALL OF US
ON EARTH, IT ALSO PROVIDES THE
ONLY MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT IN
WHICH WE CAN TEST TECHNOLOGY'S
CRITICAL TO OUR DEEP SPACE
EXPLORATION IN THE NEAR AND FAR
TERM FUTURE.
HERE ENGINEERING MODELS CAN BE
VALIDATED AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES
AND SYSTEMS FOR FUTURE MISSIONS
CAN BE DEMONSTRATED WITHOUT RISK
TO CREW MEMBERS.
HISTORICALLY THE MERCURY PROGRAM
ENABLED THE GEMINI PROBLEM WHICH
IN TURN ENABLED THE APOLLO
PROGRAM THROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND
SYSTEM ADVANCEMENTS.
TODAY THE SPACE STATION IS
GIVING US A SIMILAR EXPERIENCE
IN LONG DURATION SPACECRAFT
OPERATION AND SERVING AS A TEST
BED FOR UPGRADED VEHICLE STEMS
WHICH ARE ENABLING FUTURE
MISSIONS.
DAVE HORNIACK IS A NASA ISS
DEMONSTRATION RESEARCH PORTFOLIO
MANAGER.
HE KNOWS THE ISS LETS US
DEMONSTRATE A TECHNOLOGY WORKS
AS INTENDED IN A SPACECRAFT
ENVIRONMENT.
DEMONSTRATIONS ON THE SPACE
STATION INFORM OPERATORS AND
FLIGHT CRUISE HOW THE SYSTEM
OPERATES.
PROVES INTEROPERABILITY WITH
OTHER STEMS AND DEMONSTRATES
SYSTEM SAFETY AND RELIABILITY.
THERE ARE MANY TECHNOLOGIES AND
CAPABILITIES THAT NEED TO BE
DEVELOPED AS WE MOVE FORWARD TO
THE MOON AND ONTO MARS.
FOR EXAMPLE, RESEARCHERS HAVE
RECENTLY TESTED A NEW DESIGN OF
SOLAR ARRAY THAT WILL BE USED ON
THE FIRST MODULE FOR THE DEEP
SPACE GATE AT AN OUR FUTURE
SPACE STATION THAT WILL SERVE AS
A HOME BASE TO EXPEDITIONS TO
THE MOON.
SOLAR ARRAYS IN OPERATION RIGHT
NOW NEED TO UNFOLD BEFORE
BECOMING ACTIVE.
BUT NEW DESIGNS ALLOW FUTURE
SOLAR ARRAYS TO RETRACT.
THEY WERE TESTED FOR STRENGTH
AND DURABILITY ON THE ISS AND
WERE DESIGNED TO BE MORE COMPACT
THAN CURRENT RIGID PANELS.
NASA'S ORION MULTIPURPOSE CREW
VEHICLE IS A 4 PERSON
EXPLORATION CRAFT DESIGNED TO
TAKE ASTRONAUTS FURTHER IN SPACE
THAN ANYONE HAS GONE BEFORE.
ITS BACK-UP NAVIGATION SYSTEM
USES NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT IS
OPTICALLY BASED AND CAPTURES
IMAGES OF THE MOON AND EARTH AND
IS BASED ON SIZE AND ANGLE
ALGORITHM DETERMINES ORION'S
LOCATION.
THEY CAN'T BE TESTED ON EARTH
BECAUSE THE ATMOSPHERE WOULD
DISTORT THE IMAGES TO MAKE IT
INACCURATE.
ABOARD THE ISS, HOWEVER IT WAS
CONFIRMED TO WORK PROPERLY.
A SECONDARY BENEFIT IS THE
SYSTEM WAS TESTED AT SPACECRAFT
SPEED.
MAKING FOR A REALISTIC
NAVIGATION SCENARIO.
AS PEOPLE TRAVELED DEEPER INTO
SPACE, THEY'LL NEED SOLUTIONS TO
A VARIETY OF SAFETY CHALLENGES.
FOR INSTANCE, IF A FIRE BREAKS
OUT HOW FAST CAN IT GROW AND
SPREAD IN A MICROGRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT.
NASA'S SPACECRAFT FIRE SAFETY
HAS CONDUCTED A SERIES OF
EXPERIMENTS ON 3 CARGO VEHICLES
TO MEASURE FLAME GROWTH AND
OXYGEN USE AND COMBUSTION
PRODUCTS AND RESULTS ARE HELPING
TO IMPROVE FIRE DETECTION AND
RESPONSE AND EXTINGUISHMENT AND
CREW PROTECTION.
ULTIMATELY, TECHNOLOGY AND
DEMONSTRATIONS OCCURRING ON THE
ISS TODAY ARE GUIDING OUR
PLANNING AND REDUCING RISK AND
PROVIDING CAPABILITIES TO ENABLE
FUTURE EXPLORATION MISSIONS.
FOR MORE INSIDE INFORMATION
ABOUT THE TECH TEAM BEING TESTED
ABOARD THE STATION VISIT
WWW.NASA.GOV/ISS/SCIENCE.
FOR MORE ON THE SCIENCE OF SPACE
EXPLORATION VISIT
SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>> ONE GOAL AT THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION IS TO DEVELOP THE
TECHNOLOGIES WE'LL NEED FOR
FUTURE EXPLORATIONS, BUT WHEN WE
GO BACK TO THE MOON AND THEN ON
TO MARS.
NASA'S EXPLORATION AND IN SPACE
SERVICES PROJECTS DIVISION AT
THE GODDARD SPACEFLIGHT CENTER
SENT MANY TO ORBIT.
IN THE THIS EPISODE OF TECH ON
DECK, WE LEARN ABOUT THEIR FIRST
ONE, THE ROBOTIC REFUELLING
MISSION.
>> OUTSIDE OF THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION, SPACE CAN BE A
LONELY PLACE.
MOST SATELLITES ARE DESIGNED TO
LIVE THEIR LIVES ALONE AND YET
TO FIND LIFE OUTSIDE OF EARTH.
THIS MEANS THAT WHEN WE LAUNCH A
SPACECRAFT OR SATELLITE FOR THE
MOST PART IT'S ON ITS OWN AND
HAS A LIMITED LIFE SPAN BASED ON
WHEN CRITICAL ITEMS LIKE FUEL
RUN OUT.
YOU WOULDN'T THROW AWAY YOUR CAR
IF IT RAN OUT OF GAS AND THANKS
TO THE ADVENT OF MODERN DAY
ROBOTICS AND SOFTWARE AND
COMPUTING POWER WE'LL BE ABLE TO
APPLY THAT TO SATELLITES.
WE ARE ON THE CUSP OF BREAKING
THE ONE AND DONE PARADIGM THAT
EXISTS FOR MOST SATELLITES.
AND RRM DEMONSTRATION ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IS
KEY.
BECAUSE REFUELLING A SATELLITE
THAT WAS NOT DESIGNED TO BE
REFUELLED HAS NEVER BEEN DONE,
PRACTICE IS KEY.
WITH THAT IN MIND THE FIRST TWO
PHASES TOOK PLACE ON STATION
FROM 2011 TO 2017.
AND TESTED THE TOOLS,
TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO
REFUEL AND REPAIR SATELLITES IN
ORBIT.
>> RRM WERE DESIGNED TO TEST
SPACECRAFT AS WELL AS THE FIRST
STEPS OF CRYOGENIC REFUELLING.
WE WANTED TO USE THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO
BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE THE
TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO
DO THIS, SO WE BUILT INNOVATIVE
TOOLS TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN
ROBOT.
>> CONSISTENT OF A MODULE OR BOX
AFFIX TO DO THE OUTSIDE OF THE
STATION AND ROBOTIC TOOLS, THE
DEMONSTRATION USE STATION'S
DETECTIVE ROBOT TO OPERATE TOOLS
AND TEST SERVICING TASKS SUCH AS
CUTTING BACK AND UNSCREWING CAPS
AND TURNING VALVES AND
TRANSFERRING FLUID AND
INTERMEDIARY STEPS LEADING UP TO
REFUELLING.
>> WE WERE ABLE TO TRANSFER FUEL
END TO END TO A SPACECRAFT AND
TO A VALVE THAT WASN'T DESIGNED
TO BE ROBOT PARTICULARLY
REFUELLED.
>> HELP TEST AND IMPROVE
TECHNOLOGY THAT WILL MAKE
REFUELLING SATELLITES POSSIBLE.
SOMETHING THAT WILL BE
DEMONSTRATED BY ASSEMBLY AND
MANUFACTURING ONE MISSION AND
ALSO LAYS THE GROUNDWORK FOR
DESIGNING FUTURE SATELLITES IN A
WAY TO MAKE THEM MORE
SERVICEABLE.
>> IT'S IMPORTANT AS WE NEEDED
TO DEMONSTRATE IN ORBIT THIS
TECHNOLOGY WAS READY.
A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT FELT THAT
AT THE TIME OF RM THAT THE
TECHNOLOGY WAS SO FAR IN THE
FUTURE THEY DIDN'T BELIEVE WHAT
WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WAS
POSSIBLE.
SO WE NEEDED TO DEMONSTRATE IN
ORBIT THIS TECHNOLOGY SO THAT WE
COULD START CHANGING THE
PARADIGM AND INCORPORATE THESE
INTO THE FUTURE SPACECRAFT AND
DESIGN.
>> RRM PHASE 1 AND 2 WERE ALL
ABOUT PREPARING AN INTERFACE FOR
REFUELLING WHICH IN MANY WAYS IS
HALF THE BATTLE.
YOU NEED TO PERFORM A SERIES OF
HIGHLY DEXTROUS TASKS TO ACCESS
THE VALVE.
AND NEXT STEP IS TO PERFORM
REFUELLING TASKS WHICH IS WHAT
THE NEXT PHASE RRM3 HAS BEEN
DEMONSTRATING OVER A SERIES OF
OPERATIONS SINCE 2018.
RRM IS A CRITICAL PIECE OF THE
SUSTAINABLE PUZZLE THAT HELPS
WITH THE ABILITY TO ROBOT
PARTICULARLY REFUEL AND REPAIR
AND MAINTAIN SATELLITES IN NEAR
AND DISTANT OR BITS WELL BEYOND
THE REACH OF HUMANS CAN GO
TODAY.
>> AS WE TRAVEL FARTHER INTO
SPACE FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT TO
THE MOON TO MARS, MAYBE SOME DAY
BEYOND THAT, CLEVER SOLUTIONS TO
SUPPLY PROBLEMS LIKE STOCKING
SPARE PARTS WILL BE A VITAL PART
OF PREPARATIONS.
3-D PRINTING IS AN EMERGING
TECHNOLOGY THAT COULD CREATE
CUSTOM CRITICAL PARTS.
BUT IN ORDER FOR IT TO BE
PRACTICAL WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND
HOW PARTICLES, SHAPE AND SIZE
AND DISTRIBUTION AFFECT THE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS WHEN IN
THE CONDITIONS FOUND IN DEEP
SPACE.
ONE PARTICULAR STUDY IS HELPING
TO EXPLORE THOSE FACTORS.
ONE OF THE THINGS THEY'LL HAVE
TO DO FOR SPACE EXPLORATION IS
DO MANUFACTURING.
WE MAY HAVE AN ENGINE PART THAT
FAILS AND YOU'RE NOT GOING TO
TAKE UP SPARE ENGINE PARTS.
YOU'LL HAVE TO MANUFACTURE THEM
THERE.
IT MEANS LOOKING AT MICROSCOPIC
PARTICLES BECAUSE THEY'RE
BUILDING BLOCKS.
AND NOW I THINK A BIG PART OF
THE FUTURE IN THE FIELD AND FOR
LOTS OF DIFFERENT REASONS IS
ACTIVE MATERIALS.
SO NOW WE HAVE WAYS THAT INSTEAD
OF JUST PARTICLES BEING JUST
PARTICLES, WE CAN HAVE ACTIVATE
THEM AND FUNCTIONALIZE THEM AND
GET THEM TO ASSOCIATE WITH ONE
ANOTHER SPECIFICALLY AND ONE OF
THE THINGS WE'RE AIMING FOR IS
ACTIVE SELF REPLICATION AND
EVOLUTION AND MICROGRAVITY.
PUT LOTS OF THINGS TOGETHER AND
OPTIMIZE PROPERTIES USING
EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSIONS FROM
NOT MIMICKING THINGS BUT
MIMICKING THINGS THAT HAVE DID
NOT DONE SUCCESSFULLY.
WE LEARN HOW TO DO THAT ON EARTH
EVENTUALLY.
BUT BEFORE WE DO THAT IT'S
BETTER BECAUSE THEY HAVE
DIFFERENT DENSITIES DO IT
MICROGRAVITY.
IT'S ALWAYS REALLY IMPORTANT TO
DO SOMETHING IN THE FOREFRONT OF
SCIENCE THAT WILL THEN BECOME A
FOREFRONT IN ENGINEERING AND
PRODUCTION.
>> SHOULD IF YOU WANT ANOTHER
LOOK AT ANY OF THE STORIES WE
SHOWED YOU TODAY, GO OVER TO
YOUTUBE OR FACEBOOK AT THOSE
ADDRESSES RIGHT THERE AND FIND
THEM ALL ALONG WITH LOTS OF
OTHER GREAT FEATURES ON A WIDE
VARIETY OF TOPICS.
IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR A GOOD
CONVERSATION AND HUMAN
SPACEFLIGHT, CHECK OUT HOUSTON
WE HAVE A PODCAST OUR WEEKLY
SHOW ABOUT ALL ASPECTS OF HUMAN
SPACEFLIGHT AND NASA'S MISSION
OF EXPLORATION.
TODAY GARY JORDAN GETS INTO THE
DETAILS OF THE ONE BIOLOGICAL
EXPERIMENT THAT WILL FLY ON THE
ARTEMIS 1 MISSION THIS YEAR
WHICH WILL FOCUS ON THE EFFECTS
OF RADIATION ON A BIOLOGICAL
SAMPLE IN DEEP SPACE.
THE FIRST EXPERIMENT LIKE IT
SINCE THE APOLLO YEARS.
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST FOR THIS
WEEK'S EPISODE AND PREVIOUS.
ALL THE PODCASTS ARE THERE AND
ON APPLE PODCAST AND GOOGLE
PODCAST AND SOUND CLOUD.
YOU CAN GET THE LATEST FROM ALL
OVER NASA, DELIVERED TO YOU
EVERY WEEK.
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