1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,169
Welcome.

2
00:00:03,236 --> 00:00:05,238
This week NASA announced an

3
00:00:05,305 --> 00:00:08,641
extended mission to complete a

4
00:00:08,708 --> 00:00:13,179
spacewalk find some spicy blooms

5
00:00:13,246 --> 00:00:15,715
at the site-space station the

6
00:00:15,782 --> 00:00:19,519
European space agency had

7
00:00:19,586 --> 00:00:22,355
exploration astronaut ventured

8
00:00:22,422 --> 00:00:25,825
outside to prepare for an

9
00:00:25,892 --> 00:00:27,894
upgrade.

10
00:00:27,961 --> 00:00:29,863
They installed a modification

11
00:00:29,929 --> 00:00:33,233
kit to prepare the station for a

12
00:00:33,299 --> 00:00:36,336
rollout of installation work.

13
00:00:36,403 --> 00:00:38,338
After a successful trip they

14
00:00:38,405 --> 00:00:40,840
returned after six hours and 54

15
00:00:40,907 --> 00:00:42,375
minutes.

16
00:00:42,442 --> 00:00:44,210
>> All astronauts are explorers

17
00:00:44,277 --> 00:00:45,478
and a hard and have the

18
00:00:45,545 --> 00:00:47,113
opportunity to further

19
00:00:47,180 --> 00:00:48,448
expiration is a great

20
00:00:48,515 --> 00:00:49,916
opportunity.

21
00:00:49,983 --> 00:00:51,551
>> NASA announced that those

22
00:00:51,618 --> 00:00:56,389
astronauts would remain aboard

23
00:00:56,456 --> 00:00:58,191
the space station until March of

24
00:00:58,258 --> 00:01:01,227
2022 and upon return to earth,

25
00:01:01,294 --> 00:01:02,462
they will hold the record for

26
00:01:02,529 --> 00:01:04,364
the longest flight for an

27
00:01:04,431 --> 00:01:07,267
American edging out another with

28
00:01:07,333 --> 00:01:09,669
them while being 353 days

29
00:01:09,736 --> 00:01:15,675
spending it in space.

30
00:01:15,742 --> 00:01:18,511
NASA astronaut, making shared

31
00:01:18,578 --> 00:01:20,246
photos of the first flowers

32
00:01:20,313 --> 00:01:23,416
blooming from four pepper plants

33
00:01:23,483 --> 00:01:28,087
growing in the space station.

34
00:01:28,154 --> 00:01:30,056
>> Looking at the center of the

35
00:01:30,123 --> 00:01:32,258
flowers I see most easily there

36
00:01:32,325 --> 00:01:34,694
is a dark green quorum at the

37
00:01:34,761 --> 00:01:36,429
base of the flower.

38
00:01:36,496 --> 00:01:38,465
>> Plant habitat for experiment

39
00:01:38,531 --> 00:01:39,933
is one of the most challenging

40
00:01:39,999 --> 00:01:41,634
to date in part because of the

41
00:01:41,701 --> 00:01:43,736
long germination and growing

42
00:01:43,803 --> 00:01:45,738
time of the peppers.

43
00:01:45,805 --> 00:01:48,041
She initiated the experience on

44
00:01:48,107 --> 00:01:49,809
July 12th and they will grow

45
00:01:49,876 --> 00:01:51,811
120 days.

46
00:01:51,878 --> 00:01:54,914
With astronauts harvesting them

47
00:01:54,981 --> 00:01:58,518
in October and November.

48
00:01:58,585 --> 00:01:59,686
Thank you for watching and we

49
00:01:59,752 --> 00:02:12,932
will see you next week.

50
00:02:12,999 --> 00:02:15,668
that announcement the two

51
00:02:15,735 --> 00:02:17,904
spaceflight participants will be

52
00:02:17,971 --> 00:02:18,805
on the flight to the

53
00:02:18,872 --> 00:02:20,807
international space station has

54
00:02:20,874 --> 00:02:22,609
special impact for two members

55
00:02:22,675 --> 00:02:24,911
of the crew.

56
00:02:24,978 --> 00:02:26,779
Since that flight participants

57
00:02:26,846 --> 00:02:30,483
will come home after their short

58
00:02:30,550 --> 00:02:36,189
mission, they will remain on the

59
00:02:36,256 --> 00:02:38,091
station until the next one

60
00:02:38,157 --> 00:02:41,528
arises in March of 2022.

61
00:02:41,594 --> 00:02:42,595
And then they will come home

62
00:02:42,662 --> 00:02:43,763
with the longest ever

63
00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:45,632
spaceflight by an American

64
00:02:45,698 --> 00:02:48,401
astronaut passing a mark by

65
00:02:48,468 --> 00:02:52,539
Scott Kelly and Christina cook.

66
00:02:52,605 --> 00:02:54,140
>> Honestly it is exciting I

67
00:02:54,207 --> 00:02:55,808
think all astronauts are

68
00:02:55,875 --> 00:02:57,410
explorers at heart and have the

69
00:02:57,477 --> 00:02:59,078
opportunity to contribute to

70
00:02:59,145 --> 00:03:01,314
furthering exploration is a

71
00:03:01,381 --> 00:03:03,249
great opportunity.

72
00:03:03,316 --> 00:03:04,651
My family has been braced for

73
00:03:04,717 --> 00:03:06,152
this and so have I it is

74
00:03:06,219 --> 00:03:08,221
something that we expected and

75
00:03:08,288 --> 00:03:10,256
honestly, it is a sense of

76
00:03:10,323 --> 00:03:13,526
novelty for me, a new experience

77
00:03:13,593 --> 00:03:16,496
and I am looking forward to it.

78
00:03:16,563 --> 00:03:18,064
Understanding how it feels to do

79
00:03:18,131 --> 00:03:19,666
something like this.

80
00:03:19,732 --> 00:03:21,634
I do not think it is a record I

81
00:03:21,701 --> 00:03:23,136
would attribute to me but for

82
00:03:23,202 --> 00:03:24,871
our space program.

83
00:03:24,938 --> 00:03:26,739
I have a tremendous amount of

84
00:03:26,806 --> 00:03:29,943
respect for them both and they

85
00:03:30,009 --> 00:03:32,145
would be happy as the explorers

86
00:03:32,211 --> 00:03:33,613
they are to see that we are

87
00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:35,515
furthering exploration and

88
00:03:35,582 --> 00:03:36,950
getting people into space for

89
00:03:37,016 --> 00:03:38,885
longer times.

90
00:03:38,952 --> 00:03:40,787
I expect this record to be

91
00:03:40,853 --> 00:03:42,155
broken and that will be a

92
00:03:42,221 --> 00:03:44,457
further success for our space

93
00:03:44,524 --> 00:03:45,491
program.

94
00:03:45,558 --> 00:03:47,293
So there certainly is a very

95
00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:48,928
important psychological element

96
00:03:48,995 --> 00:03:50,563
and for example I try to spend

97
00:03:50,630 --> 00:03:53,700
some time meditating every day

98
00:03:53,766 --> 00:03:55,635
and talking to my family every

99
00:03:55,702 --> 00:03:57,604
day, I talked to my wife almost

100
00:03:57,670 --> 00:03:59,272
every day, those things are

101
00:03:59,339 --> 00:04:01,641
hugely helpful so not just being

102
00:04:01,708 --> 00:04:02,942
comfortable with yourself for

103
00:04:03,009 --> 00:04:05,345
maintaining those connections to

104
00:04:05,411 --> 00:04:06,913
what the relationships are on

105
00:04:06,980 --> 00:04:07,780
the ground which are so

106
00:04:07,847 --> 00:04:08,982
important to us it is so

107
00:04:09,048 --> 00:04:10,750
important as well.

108
00:04:10,817 --> 00:04:12,151
>> What we're doing in effect is

109
00:04:12,218 --> 00:04:13,553
practicing keeping people

110
00:04:13,620 --> 00:04:14,854
healthy.

111
00:04:14,921 --> 00:04:16,222
Long trips through space where

112
00:04:16,289 --> 00:04:19,192
people do not have the force of

113
00:04:19,258 --> 00:04:22,395
the Earth's surface resisting to

114
00:04:22,462 --> 00:04:24,497
being here in all freefall.

115
00:04:24,564 --> 00:04:26,899
So, we are practicing for

116
00:04:26,966 --> 00:04:28,368
missions like this right now in

117
00:04:28,434 --> 00:04:30,470
the big difference is when we

118
00:04:30,536 --> 00:04:33,039
get our first folks to Mars, we

119
00:04:33,106 --> 00:04:45,118
will not have a staff.

120
00:04:45,184 --> 00:05:01,668
A when they are very far away.

121
00:05:01,734 --> 00:05:11,110
They are and sunny will guide

122
00:05:11,177 --> 00:05:17,417
us.

123
00:05:17,483 --> 00:05:19,652
And they are showing the laws of

124
00:05:19,719 --> 00:05:34,634
motion.

125
00:05:34,701 --> 00:05:35,501
[MUSIC PLAYING]

126
00:05:35,568 --> 00:05:41,708
.

127
00:05:41,774 --> 00:05:42,709
Hello.

128
00:05:42,775 --> 00:05:44,877
I am sending Williams and I am

129
00:05:44,944 --> 00:05:46,312
an astronaut who lived and

130
00:05:46,379 --> 00:05:48,347
worked above the space station

131
00:05:48,414 --> 00:05:50,383
in amazing laboratory orbiting

132
00:05:50,450 --> 00:05:53,920
the earth about 250 miles above.

133
00:05:53,986 --> 00:05:55,822
While at the space station we

134
00:05:55,888 --> 00:05:57,190
asked her months will live and

135
00:05:57,256 --> 00:05:58,424
work in microgravity

136
00:05:58,491 --> 00:05:59,726
environment.

137
00:05:59,792 --> 00:06:01,728
Do you think the laws of physics

138
00:06:01,794 --> 00:06:03,663
will hold up in this while

139
00:06:03,730 --> 00:06:05,364
experiencing microgravity?

140
00:06:05,431 --> 00:06:08,134
Let's check with the astronaut

141
00:06:08,201 --> 00:06:09,535
on the international space

142
00:06:09,602 --> 00:06:16,209
station to find out.

143
00:06:16,275 --> 00:06:18,845
Newton's first law of motion

144
00:06:18,911 --> 00:06:21,247
tends to stay arrest unless

145
00:06:21,314 --> 00:06:23,816
acted on by an outside force.

146
00:06:23,883 --> 00:06:28,054
Also, an object in motion tends

147
00:06:28,121 --> 00:06:30,656
to stay in motion unless acted

148
00:06:30,723 --> 00:06:32,792
on by an outside force like my

149
00:06:32,859 --> 00:06:37,663
finger.

150
00:06:37,730 --> 00:06:39,298
Let's look at this from another

151
00:06:39,365 --> 00:06:40,333
angle.

152
00:06:40,399 --> 00:06:41,601
Over time the international

153
00:06:41,667 --> 00:06:43,269
space station slows them from

154
00:06:43,336 --> 00:06:45,204
experiencing a very small amount

155
00:06:45,271 --> 00:06:48,808
of drag or force from a tiny

156
00:06:48,875 --> 00:06:51,177
amount of atomic oxygen in

157
00:06:51,244 --> 00:06:52,145
space.

158
00:06:52,211 --> 00:06:53,412
This is like the force that you

159
00:06:53,479 --> 00:06:55,581
feel from the air as you stick

160
00:06:55,648 --> 00:06:57,817
your hand out of a moving car.

161
00:06:57,884 --> 00:06:59,018
Because of this that space

162
00:06:59,085 --> 00:07:00,920
station does what we call a

163
00:07:00,987 --> 00:07:02,421
reboot.

164
00:07:02,488 --> 00:07:05,024
A reboot uses a force on the

165
00:07:05,091 --> 00:07:07,593
space station which allows it to

166
00:07:07,660 --> 00:07:09,796
speed up just a little to remain

167
00:07:09,862 --> 00:07:12,064
in orbit around the earth.

168
00:07:12,131 --> 00:07:14,167
Let's join the astronauts to

169
00:07:14,233 --> 00:07:15,701
check out what happens to the

170
00:07:15,768 --> 00:07:17,470
object inside of the space

171
00:07:17,537 --> 00:07:20,840
station when it begins.

172
00:07:20,907 --> 00:07:22,842
>> The way I will demonstrate

173
00:07:22,909 --> 00:07:30,850
this is by using this camera.

174
00:07:30,917 --> 00:07:34,754
You see right here, there is no

175
00:07:34,821 --> 00:07:36,189
real boost.

176
00:07:36,255 --> 00:07:37,256
So it is not going to go

177
00:07:37,323 --> 00:07:42,195
anywhere.

178
00:07:42,261 --> 00:07:43,629
Or if I put it in a velocity

179
00:07:43,696 --> 00:07:47,300
into it.

180
00:07:47,366 --> 00:07:48,901
You can see that it stays very

181
00:07:48,968 --> 00:07:50,870
steady.

182
00:07:50,937 --> 00:07:52,772
Here is my camera I am setting

183
00:07:52,839 --> 00:07:53,840
it up.

184
00:07:53,906 --> 00:07:55,675
Here it goes.

185
00:07:55,741 --> 00:07:58,711
It came a little bit early.

186
00:07:58,778 --> 00:08:00,613
And watch this camera accelerate

187
00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:01,881
toward you.

188
00:08:01,948 --> 00:08:03,549
Here it goes I will reach out

189
00:08:03,616 --> 00:08:08,487
and grab it and bring it back.

190
00:08:08,554 --> 00:08:10,489
And I am actually feeling the

191
00:08:10,556 --> 00:08:12,258
exhilaration.

192
00:08:12,325 --> 00:08:14,093
Here it goes.

193
00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:17,263
It is going to take off.

194
00:08:17,330 --> 00:08:18,598
I will try not to let it hit

195
00:08:18,664 --> 00:08:21,234
you.

196
00:08:21,300 --> 00:08:25,037
It is just going to miss you.

197
00:08:25,104 --> 00:08:27,840
Okay I am going to let go now.

198
00:08:27,907 --> 00:08:30,176
Here I go again.

199
00:08:30,243 --> 00:08:31,744
The exhilaration applies to me

200
00:08:31,811 --> 00:08:35,281
as well.

201
00:08:35,348 --> 00:08:37,116
It reaches 2.7 meters per

202
00:08:37,183 --> 00:08:41,053
second.

203
00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:42,855
It is not going anywhere.

204
00:08:42,922 --> 00:08:44,257
So it is over.

205
00:08:44,323 --> 00:08:46,492
The real boost is complete.

206
00:08:46,559 --> 00:08:47,660
We will stay here for a little

207
00:08:47,727 --> 00:08:49,195
while longer.

208
00:08:49,262 --> 00:08:50,396
>> Could you use this to explain

209
00:08:50,463 --> 00:08:52,265
why the camera began moving

210
00:08:52,331 --> 00:08:54,500
without an astronaut putting a

211
00:08:54,567 --> 00:08:56,569
force directly on it.

212
00:08:56,636 --> 00:08:58,404
I will send you back to class so

213
00:08:58,471 --> 00:08:59,705
that you can start to

214
00:08:59,772 --> 00:09:00,940
investigate this with the

215
00:09:01,007 --> 00:09:02,842
classroom connection found

216
00:09:02,909 --> 00:09:06,078
online at our demonstrations.

217
00:09:06,145 --> 00:09:09,248
Thank you for seeing this today,

218
00:09:09,315 --> 00:09:27,667
we will see you again soon.

219
00:09:27,733 --> 00:09:29,702
supporting scientific research

220
00:09:29,769 --> 00:09:31,504
and providing benefits to people

221
00:09:31,570 --> 00:09:33,039
on earth are two of the

222
00:09:33,105 --> 00:09:34,473
overarching goals of the

223
00:09:34,540 --> 00:09:35,741
international space station

224
00:09:35,808 --> 00:09:37,143
program.

225
00:09:37,209 --> 00:09:38,978
Another big goal is to encourage

226
00:09:39,045 --> 00:09:40,713
the growth of a commercial space

227
00:09:40,780 --> 00:09:42,848
economy and in the past few

228
00:09:42,915 --> 00:09:44,850
years, the station's program has

229
00:09:44,917 --> 00:09:46,185
been making good progress on

230
00:09:46,252 --> 00:09:47,286
that front.

231
00:09:47,353 --> 00:09:51,190
Take a look.

232
00:09:51,257 --> 00:09:52,224
>> The international space

233
00:09:52,291 --> 00:09:53,626
station has proven to be be

234
00:09:53,693 --> 00:09:56,295
one-of-a-kind laboratory.

235
00:09:56,362 --> 00:09:58,130
Microgravity conditions allow

236
00:09:58,197 --> 00:10:00,599
for the experience which is

237
00:10:00,666 --> 00:10:02,068
impossible to duplicate on

238
00:10:02,134 --> 00:10:05,338
earth.

239
00:10:05,404 --> 00:10:07,206
The station has also proven to

240
00:10:07,273 --> 00:10:09,041
have capacity to serve as an

241
00:10:09,108 --> 00:10:12,111
incubator to do business and

242
00:10:12,178 --> 00:10:22,521
show the space economy in orbit.

243
00:10:22,588 --> 00:10:23,956
The business of doing business

244
00:10:24,023 --> 00:10:25,157
on the international space

245
00:10:25,224 --> 00:10:27,093
station has become a primary

246
00:10:27,159 --> 00:10:28,894
focus of NASA in the past two

247
00:10:28,961 --> 00:10:31,063
years.

248
00:10:31,130 --> 00:10:32,531
He is the manager of space

249
00:10:32,598 --> 00:10:34,333
station business and economic

250
00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:36,469
development for NASA at Johnson

251
00:10:36,535 --> 00:10:38,738
Space Center and he explains how

252
00:10:38,804 --> 00:10:40,339
businesses are enabling

253
00:10:40,406 --> 00:10:42,108
research.

254
00:10:42,174 --> 00:10:43,376
Supporting all the research

255
00:10:43,442 --> 00:10:45,311
activities is becoming a

256
00:10:45,378 --> 00:10:47,446
significant activity in and of

257
00:10:47,513 --> 00:10:48,881
itself.

258
00:10:48,948 --> 00:10:52,118
Companies like Bio serve, and

259
00:10:52,184 --> 00:10:54,787
others operate over 20

260
00:10:54,854 --> 00:10:56,889
commercial research facilities

261
00:10:56,956 --> 00:10:59,458
housed on the station they

262
00:10:59,525 --> 00:11:02,294
provide services as developers

263
00:11:02,361 --> 00:11:05,698
helping researchers translate it

264
00:11:05,765 --> 00:11:08,267
into hardware and to be

265
00:11:08,334 --> 00:11:10,169
transported to and housed on the

266
00:11:10,236 --> 00:11:11,370
station.

267
00:11:11,437 --> 00:11:13,539
All of these activities support

268
00:11:13,606 --> 00:11:15,174
business models and expand the

269
00:11:15,241 --> 00:11:16,609
number of entities with

270
00:11:16,675 --> 00:11:19,011
experience in conducting

271
00:11:19,078 --> 00:11:20,880
business in space.

272
00:11:20,946 --> 00:11:21,981
As they increase the

273
00:11:22,048 --> 00:11:23,549
opportunities for companies to

274
00:11:23,616 --> 00:11:24,917
perform research on the space

275
00:11:24,984 --> 00:11:27,086
station, it is likely that the

276
00:11:27,153 --> 00:11:28,954
number and types of companies

277
00:11:29,021 --> 00:11:30,156
taking advantage of these

278
00:11:30,222 --> 00:11:33,192
opportunities also increase.

279
00:11:33,259 --> 00:11:34,827
That in turn will help to keep

280
00:11:34,894 --> 00:11:36,829
the partnership between NASA and

281
00:11:36,896 --> 00:11:41,767
others and we soon to help to

282
00:11:41,834 --> 00:11:43,469
see private astronauts as

283
00:11:43,536 --> 00:11:44,937
commercial development

284
00:11:45,004 --> 00:11:46,305
programmers.

285
00:11:46,372 --> 00:11:47,673
Some may be the researcher

286
00:11:47,740 --> 00:11:49,842
astronauts which is researchers

287
00:11:49,909 --> 00:11:51,811
who work directly for a company

288
00:11:51,877 --> 00:11:54,146
and are trained to come in

289
00:11:54,213 --> 00:11:55,548
during private astronaut

290
00:11:55,614 --> 00:11:56,849
missions.

291
00:11:56,916 --> 00:11:58,217
To enable the beginning of the

292
00:11:58,284 --> 00:11:59,518
development for the next

293
00:11:59,585 --> 00:12:02,455
generation owned and operated

294
00:12:02,521 --> 00:12:04,457
for the platform the space

295
00:12:04,523 --> 00:12:05,858
station is hosting new

296
00:12:05,925 --> 00:12:09,695
commercial modules and it became

297
00:12:09,762 --> 00:12:12,298
operational in February of 2021

298
00:12:12,364 --> 00:12:15,668
and they plan to launch a module

299
00:12:15,734 --> 00:12:18,370
to expand for research and other

300
00:12:18,437 --> 00:12:21,006
activities on the space shuttle.

301
00:12:21,073 --> 00:12:24,376
The commercial crew programs are

302
00:12:24,443 --> 00:12:27,146
also enabling multiple companies

303
00:12:27,213 --> 00:12:28,914
to develop and operate the next

304
00:12:28,981 --> 00:12:32,051
generation of spacecraft.

305
00:12:32,118 --> 00:12:33,786
This commercial transportation

306
00:12:33,853 --> 00:12:35,521
to and from the space station

307
00:12:35,588 --> 00:12:37,756
has fueled the market share of

308
00:12:37,823 --> 00:12:39,358
launch providers in the world

309
00:12:39,425 --> 00:12:41,127
market place.

310
00:12:41,193 --> 00:12:43,729
Is providing utility additional

311
00:12:43,796 --> 00:12:45,865
research time and opportunities

312
00:12:45,931 --> 00:12:48,234
for discovering the mission of

313
00:12:48,300 --> 00:12:50,503
space exploration.

314
00:12:50,569 --> 00:12:51,871
The innovative use of

315
00:12:51,937 --> 00:12:54,907
partnerships to support station

316
00:12:54,974 --> 00:12:56,475
research is becoming the

317
00:12:56,542 --> 00:12:58,544
template for the new exploration

318
00:12:58,611 --> 00:13:00,446
initiatives.

319
00:13:00,513 --> 00:13:02,414
The other has the goal of

320
00:13:02,481 --> 00:13:04,750
landing the first person of

321
00:13:04,817 --> 00:13:06,018
color on the surface of the

322
00:13:06,085 --> 00:13:07,253
moon.

323
00:13:07,319 --> 00:13:10,823
In addition, they establish an

324
00:13:10,890 --> 00:13:12,525
outpost built by private

325
00:13:12,591 --> 00:13:14,593
companies and eventually

326
00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:17,663
harvesting researchers.

327
00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:19,465
Doing business in space has

328
00:13:19,532 --> 00:13:20,799
become one of the fastest

329
00:13:20,866 --> 00:13:23,269
growing businesses on earth.

330
00:13:23,335 --> 00:13:26,672
The space economy has excluded

331
00:13:26,739 --> 00:13:29,141
over 60% in the past decade and

332
00:13:29,208 --> 00:13:32,278
is now valued at $400 billion

333
00:13:32,344 --> 00:13:33,846
that commercial success is

334
00:13:33,913 --> 00:13:35,681
matched in importance by the

335
00:13:35,748 --> 00:13:37,516
teams in private research

336
00:13:37,583 --> 00:13:40,619
conducted on the space station.

337
00:13:40,686 --> 00:13:45,791
It spans and helps millions on

338
00:13:45,858 --> 00:13:48,260
earth.

339
00:13:48,327 --> 00:13:50,196
They traveled beyond for years

340
00:13:50,262 --> 00:13:51,664
to come.

341
00:13:51,730 --> 00:13:53,232
For more information about how

342
00:13:53,299 --> 00:13:54,800
private companies could conduct

343
00:13:54,867 --> 00:13:55,935
the research on the space

344
00:13:56,001 --> 00:14:02,241
station, go online.

345
00:14:02,308 --> 00:14:06,011
To discover more of space on,

346
00:14:06,078 --> 00:14:08,647
around and beyond our planets,

347
00:14:08,714 --> 00:14:15,621
visit online.

348
00:14:15,688 --> 00:14:17,289
Using the international space

349
00:14:17,356 --> 00:14:19,391
station, scientists are learning

350
00:14:19,458 --> 00:14:21,860
how to grow food in space, the

351
00:14:21,927 --> 00:14:23,829
food will need to feed the men

352
00:14:23,896 --> 00:14:25,998
and women on our future missions

353
00:14:26,065 --> 00:14:28,701
away from the earth out to Mars.

354
00:14:28,767 --> 00:14:30,903
Today our colleagues from Godard

355
00:14:30,970 --> 00:14:33,272
space flight shows us how most

356
00:14:33,339 --> 00:14:35,140
space grown food could be

357
00:14:35,207 --> 00:14:38,244
combined into an actual human

358
00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,846
field.

359
00:14:40,913 --> 00:14:42,848
>> Hello, everyone and welcome

360
00:14:42,915 --> 00:14:45,884
to snacktime with NASA.

361
00:14:45,951 --> 00:14:49,788
We have been exploring your

362
00:14:49,855 --> 00:14:51,490
getting your favorite food onto

363
00:14:51,557 --> 00:14:53,225
your plate and so far they have

364
00:14:53,292 --> 00:14:54,426
been down here on earth

365
00:14:54,493 --> 00:14:56,729
obviously, so while we may not

366
00:14:56,795 --> 00:14:58,664
be professional chefs we know a

367
00:14:58,731 --> 00:15:00,699
thing or two about space so

368
00:15:00,766 --> 00:15:02,167
today we will learn about what

369
00:15:02,234 --> 00:15:04,236
it takes to grow food 200 miles

370
00:15:04,303 --> 00:15:06,639
above our head above the space

371
00:15:06,705 --> 00:15:08,507
station and later we will hear

372
00:15:08,574 --> 00:15:09,875
how the space nation will

373
00:15:09,942 --> 00:15:13,479
monitor down here.

374
00:15:13,545 --> 00:15:15,681
So as you see I have this right

375
00:15:15,748 --> 00:15:17,283
in front of me Roope Romaine

376
00:15:17,349 --> 00:15:20,686
lettuce radishes, micro greens.

377
00:15:20,753 --> 00:15:22,788
Now I have these from the

378
00:15:22,855 --> 00:15:27,993
grocery stores.

379
00:15:28,060 --> 00:15:30,529
To explain how this happens we

380
00:15:30,596 --> 00:15:32,364
have the space center here.

381
00:15:32,431 --> 00:15:33,699
Thank you for being here how is

382
00:15:33,766 --> 00:15:35,134
it going.

383
00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:38,103
>> Glad to be here, Kathleen.

384
00:15:38,170 --> 00:15:39,838
>> So you sent me a list of what

385
00:15:39,905 --> 00:15:41,273
you work with and I wonder how

386
00:15:41,340 --> 00:15:43,375
you choose which foods to grow

387
00:15:43,442 --> 00:15:47,012
up in space.

388
00:15:47,079 --> 00:15:49,448
>> We test them at the space

389
00:15:49,515 --> 00:15:51,984
station and we replicate this on

390
00:15:52,051 --> 00:15:58,624
the international space station.

391
00:15:58,691 --> 00:16:02,027
They grow with compact mythology

392
00:16:02,094 --> 00:16:05,097
they are flavorful.

393
00:16:05,164 --> 00:16:06,498
>> Have you ever grown potatoes

394
00:16:06,565 --> 00:16:09,134
in space?

395
00:16:09,201 --> 00:16:10,836
>> We have been growing them in

396
00:16:10,903 --> 00:16:14,840
the past five years or so, in

397
00:16:14,907 --> 00:16:16,075
the past we have done them right

398
00:16:16,141 --> 00:16:18,444
here and we grow them on the

399
00:16:18,510 --> 00:16:20,746
ground at the space center.

400
00:16:20,813 --> 00:16:22,514
>> I will eat a space potato in

401
00:16:22,581 --> 00:16:24,683
my lifetime I promise you that.

402
00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:27,619
So now, how about picking this

403
00:16:27,686 --> 00:16:29,788
up, I cannot find his these

404
00:16:29,855 --> 00:16:32,391
typical salad ingredients.

405
00:16:32,458 --> 00:16:35,461
>> They recently grew and they

406
00:16:35,527 --> 00:16:37,096
really enjoyed it.

407
00:16:37,162 --> 00:16:38,430
They found a way to cook it

408
00:16:38,497 --> 00:16:40,666
using a warmer and combining

409
00:16:40,733 --> 00:16:45,037
garlic, soy sauce and olive oil.

410
00:16:45,104 --> 00:16:46,772
This is great because they have

411
00:16:46,839 --> 00:16:50,609
salt and flavor and the

412
00:16:50,676 --> 00:16:54,413
microgravity, you have this.

413
00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:56,482
So this is kind of the part of

414
00:16:56,548 --> 00:16:57,549
that.

415
00:16:57,616 --> 00:16:59,351
>> I did not know that, don't

416
00:16:59,418 --> 00:17:03,889
you also grow them down here.

417
00:17:03,956 --> 00:17:05,090
>> Yes we are growing them in

418
00:17:05,157 --> 00:17:10,329
space, we are looking at the

419
00:17:10,396 --> 00:17:14,400
temperatures at this level.

420
00:17:14,466 --> 00:17:16,235
We could control everything

421
00:17:16,301 --> 00:17:18,404
except for microgravity.

422
00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:21,039
>> So that way you can monitor

423
00:17:21,106 --> 00:17:23,142
them in space what have you

424
00:17:23,208 --> 00:17:25,811
discovered in the process.

425
00:17:25,878 --> 00:17:29,248
>> For the most part, a big

426
00:17:29,314 --> 00:17:34,787
variable is the water, this

427
00:17:34,853 --> 00:17:38,056
makes it very sticky, you could

428
00:17:38,123 --> 00:17:41,794
put these in the root zone and

429
00:17:41,860 --> 00:17:45,197
so, we get a lot of back and

430
00:17:45,264 --> 00:17:52,805
forth we are solving that

431
00:17:52,871 --> 00:17:55,374
problem.

432
00:17:55,441 --> 00:17:56,775
Once we get to the moon and Mars

433
00:17:56,842 --> 00:17:59,111
those problems mostly go away.

434
00:17:59,178 --> 00:18:00,646
>> Okay so talk to me about this

435
00:18:00,712 --> 00:18:03,015
little space garden, the veggie

436
00:18:03,081 --> 00:18:06,652
growth the system what is that.

437
00:18:06,718 --> 00:18:10,489
>> It is a simple system, they

438
00:18:10,556 --> 00:18:15,527
carry luggage and it has six of

439
00:18:15,594 --> 00:18:24,436
these which is a substitute.

440
00:18:24,503 --> 00:18:26,238
>> This is so interesting, the

441
00:18:26,305 --> 00:18:28,974
vision of the space garden

442
00:18:29,041 --> 00:18:31,276
brings happiness.

443
00:18:31,343 --> 00:18:32,744
Is there a plant you are most

444
00:18:32,811 --> 00:18:34,179
excited about trying to grow in

445
00:18:34,246 --> 00:18:35,447
space.

446
00:18:35,514 --> 00:18:39,151
>> Peppers, chili peppers will

447
00:18:39,218 --> 00:18:42,454
be grown the summer, they are

448
00:18:42,521 --> 00:18:44,756
very challenging, they take a

449
00:18:44,823 --> 00:18:52,030
long time to germinate and grow.

450
00:18:52,097 --> 00:18:54,867
If we overwater them, they are

451
00:18:54,933 --> 00:18:59,071
like grasp clippings, they can

452
00:18:59,137 --> 00:19:00,806
also be spicy so we are trying

453
00:19:00,873 --> 00:19:04,676
to grow healthy and flavorful

454
00:19:04,743 --> 00:19:08,247
plants that people will enjoy.

455
00:19:08,313 --> 00:19:09,481
>> You cannot take the heat out

456
00:19:09,548 --> 00:19:13,185
of the space station, right.

457
00:19:13,252 --> 00:19:15,220
Anyways, I cannot say thank you

458
00:19:15,287 --> 00:19:17,856
enough for being here, I had fun

459
00:19:17,923 --> 00:19:19,291
and I cannot wait to see what

460
00:19:19,358 --> 00:19:22,828
you grow in space next.

461
00:19:22,895 --> 00:19:27,533
>> Shut that little door.

462
00:19:27,599 --> 00:19:28,767
>> Now that we know more about

463
00:19:28,834 --> 00:19:30,369
crops aboard the space station

464
00:19:30,435 --> 00:19:31,937
what about the study from the

465
00:19:32,004 --> 00:19:34,673
space station.

466
00:19:34,740 --> 00:19:37,276
For this, the application leaned

467
00:19:37,342 --> 00:19:39,244
is here to talk to us.

468
00:19:39,311 --> 00:19:41,480
Thank you for being here.

469
00:19:41,547 --> 00:19:42,881
>> Thank you and I am glad to be

470
00:19:42,948 --> 00:19:43,782
here.

471
00:19:43,849 --> 00:19:44,683
>> I would just talking about

472
00:19:44,750 --> 00:19:47,553
how this helps us to better

473
00:19:47,619 --> 00:19:49,087
understand how plants grow

474
00:19:49,154 --> 00:19:51,490
microgravity and not inspired

475
00:19:51,557 --> 00:19:52,791
all of the ingredients here for

476
00:19:52,858 --> 00:19:54,259
the selling.

477
00:19:54,326 --> 00:19:55,794
I also know that instruments

478
00:19:55,861 --> 00:19:57,596
help us better understand how

479
00:19:57,663 --> 00:19:59,064
they grow down on earth in I

480
00:19:59,131 --> 00:20:01,366
wonder how that is.

481
00:20:01,433 --> 00:20:02,501
>> Wealthy instruments and

482
00:20:02,568 --> 00:20:07,673
projects that I work on, is on

483
00:20:07,739 --> 00:20:11,009
the space station they collect

484
00:20:11,076 --> 00:20:13,111
thermal data aboard the

485
00:20:13,178 --> 00:20:15,047
International space Station and

486
00:20:15,113 --> 00:20:17,249
we use this data to better

487
00:20:17,316 --> 00:20:20,919
understand it here on earth so

488
00:20:20,986 --> 00:20:22,354
we apply this data and

489
00:20:22,421 --> 00:20:24,590
understand crop water stress

490
00:20:24,656 --> 00:20:29,928
looking at drought, and areas

491
00:20:29,995 --> 00:20:31,863
all around.

492
00:20:31,930 --> 00:20:33,131
>> I know we also look at the

493
00:20:33,198 --> 00:20:34,733
temperature of plants and I

494
00:20:34,800 --> 00:20:36,001
cannot say that I know what we

495
00:20:36,068 --> 00:20:37,336
do that.

496
00:20:37,402 --> 00:20:38,437
>> We look at the temperature of

497
00:20:38,503 --> 00:20:40,372
plants because plants contain a

498
00:20:40,439 --> 00:20:41,907
lot of water which is part of

499
00:20:41,974 --> 00:20:44,476
their process and the

500
00:20:44,543 --> 00:20:46,645
temperature is directly related

501
00:20:46,712 --> 00:20:48,313
to the water content within the

502
00:20:48,380 --> 00:20:49,514
plants.

503
00:20:49,581 --> 00:20:51,717
And so the hotter a plant gets,

504
00:20:51,783 --> 00:20:54,553
we use that as an indicator of

505
00:20:54,620 --> 00:20:57,122
how healthy the plant is.

506
00:20:57,189 --> 00:20:58,924
>> I got it, so all this data is

507
00:20:58,991 --> 00:21:00,726
captured and collected, and then

508
00:21:00,792 --> 00:21:02,461
who uses it.

509
00:21:02,527 --> 00:21:03,595
>> We have a wide variety of

510
00:21:03,662 --> 00:21:05,530
partners, one of our key

511
00:21:05,597 --> 00:21:07,666
partners is the US Department of

512
00:21:07,733 --> 00:21:09,468
agriculture they utilize the

513
00:21:09,534 --> 00:21:11,136
data to better understand the

514
00:21:11,203 --> 00:21:13,105
stress across different areas

515
00:21:13,171 --> 00:21:15,807
primarily in the United States

516
00:21:15,874 --> 00:21:18,010
and they use this to understand

517
00:21:18,076 --> 00:21:20,045
and inform decisions like

518
00:21:20,112 --> 00:21:22,147
irrigation and water management

519
00:21:22,214 --> 00:21:24,883
as well as the onset of drought.

520
00:21:24,950 --> 00:21:26,385
>> So what advantages do they

521
00:21:26,451 --> 00:21:29,087
have been there.

522
00:21:29,154 --> 00:21:29,921
>> We love to be on the

523
00:21:29,988 --> 00:21:32,891
international space station hub,

524
00:21:32,958 --> 00:21:34,493
one of the unique aspects of

525
00:21:34,559 --> 00:21:40,432
being there is that there is

526
00:21:40,499 --> 00:21:42,067
instead of taking measurements

527
00:21:42,134 --> 00:21:44,002
at the same time during each

528
00:21:44,069 --> 00:21:45,671
overpass the way there we met

529
00:21:45,737 --> 00:21:48,974
with other satellite missions,

530
00:21:49,041 --> 00:21:51,209
is that we actually take a snap

531
00:21:51,276 --> 00:21:53,812
shot of temperatures at

532
00:21:53,879 --> 00:21:58,450
different times of the day and

533
00:21:58,517 --> 00:22:01,019
then being able to look at the

534
00:22:01,086 --> 00:22:03,789
water which typically auteur

535
00:22:03,855 --> 00:22:04,990
occurs in the mid and late

536
00:22:05,057 --> 00:22:06,425
afternoon it has not been done

537
00:22:06,491 --> 00:22:09,428
before and being able to create

538
00:22:09,494 --> 00:22:13,165
this daily cycle, of the stress

539
00:22:13,231 --> 00:22:17,602
for vegetation on the scale.

540
00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:18,403
>> It seems to me that

541
00:22:18,470 --> 00:22:20,005
instruments are pretty crucial

542
00:22:20,072 --> 00:22:22,808
when it comes to monitoring our

543
00:22:22,874 --> 00:22:24,843
climate change.

544
00:22:24,910 --> 00:22:27,045
Climate change is bad.

545
00:22:27,112 --> 00:22:28,246
>> Yes and the great thing is

546
00:22:28,313 --> 00:22:29,681
that a compliment these

547
00:22:29,748 --> 00:22:36,188
instrument-instruments.

548
00:22:36,254 --> 00:22:39,024
.

549
00:22:39,091 --> 00:22:40,459
And they're working on future

550
00:22:40,525 --> 00:22:44,029
missions to provide a holistic

551
00:22:44,096 --> 00:22:58,376
view of the earth.

552
00:22:58,443 --> 00:23:02,280
Both in space and on earth, I am

553
00:23:02,347 --> 00:23:04,382
going to dig into this.

554
00:23:04,449 --> 00:23:05,350
Thank you so much for being

555
00:23:05,417 --> 00:23:14,559
here, I really appreciate it.

556
00:23:14,626 --> 00:23:20,098
Cheers.

557
00:23:20,165 --> 00:23:20,699
>> For all the years men and

558
00:23:20,766 --> 00:23:22,801
women have flown in space, they

559
00:23:22,868 --> 00:23:24,603
have taken pictures of the women

560
00:23:24,669 --> 00:23:26,671
window of their home planets,

561
00:23:26,738 --> 00:23:28,774
those are amazing.

562
00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:30,542
But for those who took the

563
00:23:30,609 --> 00:23:32,377
pictures it is still something

564
00:23:32,444 --> 00:23:35,347
of a stream to conveying those.

565
00:23:35,413 --> 00:23:37,783
Just how miraculous that view

566
00:23:37,849 --> 00:23:44,055
really is.

567
00:23:44,122 --> 00:23:45,357
>> When you look at this, you

568
00:23:45,423 --> 00:23:48,293
realize this notion of darkness.

569
00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:49,394
And we are on this little

570
00:23:49,461 --> 00:24:12,651
island.

571
00:24:12,717 --> 00:24:14,219
Everything is worth it.

572
00:24:14,286 --> 00:24:45,951
Every dream is worth it.

573
00:24:46,017 --> 00:24:52,224
It almost, how in the world am I

574
00:24:52,290 --> 00:25:05,437
going to describe this.

575
00:25:05,503 --> 00:25:09,641
The thin blue line.

576
00:25:09,708 --> 00:25:23,989
This is when it became real.

577
00:25:24,055 --> 00:25:26,791
All life is connected.

578
00:25:26,858 --> 00:25:28,793
And everything that I do in one

579
00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:32,297
way or another affects someone

580
00:25:32,364 --> 00:25:33,832
else or at another creature that

581
00:25:33,899 --> 00:25:49,948
I share it with.

582
00:25:50,015 --> 00:25:52,951
The realization is not how far

583
00:25:53,018 --> 00:25:55,086
away I was from earth but how

584
00:25:55,153 --> 00:26:15,106
connected I was to earth.

585
00:26:15,173 --> 00:26:16,441
>> I would give a lot to see

586
00:26:16,508 --> 00:26:35,994
that view again.

587
00:26:36,061 --> 00:26:37,696
Do you want another look at the

588
00:26:37,762 --> 00:26:40,465
stories that you saw today you

589
00:26:40,532 --> 00:26:42,167
can always find them online

590
00:26:42,233 --> 00:26:43,802
along with other great features

591
00:26:43,868 --> 00:26:46,671
on a whole variety of topics.

592
00:26:46,738 --> 00:26:47,706
If you you're looking for good

593
00:26:47,772 --> 00:26:49,507
conversation about human

594
00:26:49,574 --> 00:26:52,243
spaceflight check out Houston,

595
00:26:52,310 --> 00:26:54,312
we have a podcast where today

596
00:26:54,379 --> 00:26:56,214
they get into the weeds and all

597
00:26:56,281 --> 00:26:58,083
kinds of other plans learning

598
00:26:58,149 --> 00:27:00,352
healthy ego stress experiments

599
00:27:00,418 --> 00:27:01,720
on the international space

600
00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:03,922
Center is studying how plants

601
00:27:03,989 --> 00:27:06,291
use water by measuring their

602
00:27:06,358 --> 00:27:08,760
temperatures from space.

603
00:27:08,827 --> 00:27:11,496
Go online for this week's

604
00:27:11,563 --> 00:27:14,165
episode all previous episodes of

605
00:27:14,232 --> 00:27:15,967
air as well along with the

606
00:27:16,034 --> 00:27:18,436
podcasts which are also on Apple

607
00:27:18,503 --> 00:27:20,472
podcast Google podcasts and

608
00:27:20,538 --> 00:27:33,551
SoundCloud.

609
00:27:33,618 --> 00:27:43,628
c