>>> GOOD MORNING, GOT A GOOD
DREW OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM AT
HOUSTON.
THERE IS A TEAM ON DUTY KEEPING
TABS ON OPERATIONS AT THE SPACE
STATION AND STANDING BY TO
ASSIST THE CREW MEMBERS AS THEY
NEAR THE END OF THEIR WORKWEEK.
THE COMMANDER AND HIS CREW MATES
HAVE BEEN FOCUSED ON MAINING ALL
OF THE SYSTEMS OF THEIR HOME AND
OFFICE ON ORBIT.
>>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.
WITH THE RETURN OF COMMERCIAL
SLIP BACK TO EARTH THE SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS ONBOARD WILL MAKE AN
IMPACT.
FRUIT DRYING IS AWAY TO USE
PHARMACEUTICALS.
THEY CAN IMPROVE FREEZE-DRYING
FOR PHARMACEUTICALS AND OTHER
INDUSTRY.
>>> NASA ASTRONAUT MARK WAS
WORKING ON SPACEFLIGHT
NUTRITION.
THE INVESTIGATION IS DESIGNED TO
CHARACTERIZE THE DIET ON IMMUNE
FUNCTION, MICROBIOME.
THESE ARE INTERLINKED BUT DIET
IS THIZEST ONE THAT CAN BE
ALTERED ON EARTH AND
SPACEFLIGHT.
THEY WILL DOCUMENT THE EFFECTS
OF DIETARY IMPROVEMENTS AND
ENHANCE ADAPTATION ON
SPACEFLIGHT.
THEY WILL STUDY HOW AN ENHANCED
DIET EFFECTS ASTRONAUT HEALTH.
IT INCLUDES FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES.
AND FOODS HIGH IN FATTY ACIDS.
THIS STUDY WILL LOOK AT THE
DIETARY CHANGES.
IT CAN CONTRIBUTE DO OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW COMPLEX
ORGANISMS ADAPT TO SPACEFLIGHT.
FOOD IS THE THEME AS MEGAN
WORKED ON THE INVESTIGATION OF
HOW A REPETITIVE MENU EFFECTS
ASTRONAUTS.
THE FOOD ACCESSIBILITY EXAMINE
CHANGES OF FOOD FOR THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
DURING LONG DURATION.
ACCEPT ABILITY OF FOOD WHETHER
THEY LIKE AND EAT THINGS THEY
DIRECTLY EFFECT THE CHLORIC
INTAKE.
THAT'S SPACE TO GROUND FOR THIS
WEEK.
THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.
SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
>>> ONE PRIORITY OF THE SPACE
STATION SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM
IS TO LEARN AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE
HOW LIVING IN SPACE EFFECTS THE
HUMAN BODY.
BEFORE SHE CAME HOME ANN AND HER
CREW MATES FINISHED THE DATA
GATHERING THE AIRWAY MONITORING
EXPERIMENT THAT EXAMINES THE
ASTRONAUTS EXHALED BREATHE FOR
SIGNS OF INFORMATION AND CREATED
DATA THAT COULD HELP ON FUTURE
SPACESHIPS.
>> THIS IS A NATIONAL ORBITING
LABORATORY.
WE ANSWER BIG QUESTIONS ABOUT
EARTH, SPACE, WHERE WE CAM FROM
AND WHERE WE ARE GOING.
ONE OF THE CATEGORIES IS HUMAN
RESEARCH AND HOW WE REACT IN
MICROGRAVITY.
THE RECENT ONES IS AIRWAY
MONITORING.
THIS IS LOOKING AT AIRWAY
INSULATION IN SPACE.
WHEN WE BREATHE AIR THE SMALL
PARTICLES DON'T FALL TO THE
GROUND LIKE DUST ON THE GROUND.
WE TEND TO INHALE MORE FINE
PARTICLES THEN WE WOULD ON
EARTH.
WE LOOK AT THE BODIES RESPONSE
BY MEASURING NITROUS OXIDE.
WE LOOK AT HOW CLEAN THE AIR IS
NEEDED.
THE MOON DUST IS A FINE PARTICLE
LIKE POWDERED SUGAR.
IF THAT'S IN THE AIR AND WE
BREATHE THAT FOR MONTHS ON END
AND IF WE DO EXTENDED STAYS ON
THE LUNAR SURFACE WE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND HOW THAT EFFECTING
THE HUMAN BODY.
>>> ALL OF THE INTERNATIONAL
STAYS STATION CREW MEMBERS SPEND
TIME WORKING ON SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS THAT TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF THE ABSENCE OF GRAVITY.
SUCH AS WHEN DOUG SQUEEZED A BAG
OF FRUIT PUNCH.
IN THAT CASE THE FLUID THAT
SQUIRTED OUT WENT DOWN A CLEAR
TUBE AND SOAKED INTO A BLOCK OF
WHITE FOAM PROVIDING RESEARCHERS
WITH BETTER INFORMATION ABOUT
HOW TO MANAGE FLUIDS IN
MICROGRAVITY.
>> STATION ON THREE, THIS IS
DOUG.
>> DOUG, I GOT YOU.
555.
>> WE STARTED WITH THIS 15 YEARS
AGO IN A LONG LINE OF
EXPERIMENTS.
THEY WERE SMALL-SCALE FLUID
EXSUPERMENT ABOUT HOW TO MANAGE
FLUID IN SPACE.
>> WE CAN REQUIRE GRAVITY FOR
THEM TO WORK.
THAT'S DIFFERENT OR A NEW
HORIZON.
>> STEP FOUR.
>> THIS IS AN ENGINEERING
DEMONSTRATION OF A WASTEWATER
PURIFICATION SYSTEM.
INSIDE THE FOAM ALL OF THESE
WORRIED PANELS AND FOAMS IN
THERE.
CAPILLARY FORCES LEAK THE
LIQUIDS OUT.
IT'S MANAGING BRINE AND
CONTAMINATED WATER STREAMS.
>> IT SOUNDS REALLY INTERESTING
AND REALLY COOL.
CAN'T WAIT TO SEE WHAT IT DOES.
>> YOU WILL OPEN THAT LITTLE
VALVE OUT-OF-THE DRINK BAG AND
PRIME THE TUBE.
THAN YOU WILL SQUEEZE THE DRAIN
BAG YOU WILL FILL THE FOAM WITH
THE CONTENTS OF THE BAG.
>> DID INTERIOR PIECE WOULD LIKE
WATER.
THERE IS PIECES ON THE OUTSIDE
THAT ARE HYDROPHOBIAIC.
IT DOESN'T WATT IT TO GO
THROUGH.
HOW CAN WE MIX THAT UP.
ULTIMATELY, THIS PIECE OF
TECHNOLOGY IT'S SO SIMPLE IT CAN
POTENTIALLY DO SO MANY THINGS.
>> YOU WILL THINK IT'S DULL AND
YOU WILL SAY THAT.
IT'S A DIED LIQUID AND RED FRUIT
PUNCH AND SIMILAR LENT FOR
URINE.
>> YOU LIKE THE BACK LIGHT VIEW.
>> YEAH, WE ARE GEEING OUT OVER
THAT.
IT GIVES US A COMPLETE VIEW.
IT'S SO NICE.
>> THE PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
IS TO SEE HOW WELL IT HOLDS THE
LIQUID IN MICROGRAVITY.
IF WE COMPLETELY AGITATE IT AND
PUT THE PIECE OF EQUIPMENT
THROUGH THE RINGER HOW WELL DOES
IT BOUNCE BACK THE MOST
SURPRISING THING THAT CAME OUT
OF IT IS HOW SIMPLE TO MAKE THE
TECHNOLOGY.
MAYBE THE FOAM PROJECT IS GOING
TO ENABLE A BACKUP SYSTEM FOR
THE TOILETS OR MAYBE A NEW
WASTEWATER PROCESS SYSTEM
ALTOGETHER THAT'S JUST THE
FUTURE FEELS LIKE ANYTHING IS
POSSIBLE.
>> WE ARE HOPEFUL OUR WORK THAT
STARTED OUT IN FUNDAMENTAL
RESEARCH AND TURNED MORE AND
MORE APPLIED AND GET TO THE
POINT WERE IT'S DELIVERING ON
EQUIPMENT.
EQUIPMENT THAT FUNCTIONS WITHOUT
MOVING PARTS OR MINIMUM OF
MINIMUM PARTS.
YOU WOULD LIKE IT TO WORK
PASSIVELY BY IT'S SHAPE.
WHY IT'S ON THE MOON WE WOULD
LOVE TO CONTRIBUTE THAT BY
PUBLISHING THE DESIGN LAWS BY
THE DESIGN EXPERIMENT WE WOULD
LOVE TO DO THAT TOO.
>> IT'S SO SIMPLE AND COOL
>> THAT EXPERIMENT IS A GOOD
EXAMPLE OF THE KINDS OF RESEARCH
THE FACILEFIES ON THE SPACE
STATION ARE DESIGNED TO SUPPORT.
THIS IS DID OVER ARCHING GOALS
OF THE SPACE STATION.
ANOTHER ONE IS ENCOURAGING THE
GROWTH OF A COMMERCIAL SPACE
INDUSTRY.
OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS THE
PROGRAM HAS MADE GOOD PROGRESS
ON THAT FRONT TOO.
TAKE A LOOK.
>>> THE SUPER NATIONAL SPACE
STATION IS A ONE OF A KIND
LABORATORY THEY CAN ALLOW FOR
EXPERIMENTS MADE POSSIBLE AND
DUPLICATE ON EARTH.
SCIENCE AND NEW KNOWLEDGE.
THEY HAVE ALSO PROVEN TO HAVE
THE CAPACITY TO SEVER AS AN
INCUBATOR FOR NEW BUSINESS.
THE NEW DEVELOPMENT OF A SPACE
ECONOMY IN ORBIT.
>> THE SPACE ON THE SPACE
STATION HAS BECOME IMPORTANT.
REED IS THE MANAGER OF ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT AT JOHNSON SPACE
STATION.
SUPPORTING ALL RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES IS A SIGNIFICANT
ACTIVITY IN AND THE OF ITSELF.
COMPANIES OPERATE OVER 20
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES ON THE
STATION.
COMPANIES PROVIDE SERVICES AS
PAYROLL DEVELOPERS.
HELPING THEM TRACE LATE THEIR
EXPERIENCE AND HOUSED ON THE
SPACESHIP.
THEY SUPPORT BUSINESS MODELS AND
EXPAND THE NUMBERS WITH
EXPERIENCES IN SPACE.
AS NASA INCREASES THE SUNTS FOR
RESEARCH ON THE SPACE STATION
IT'S LIKELY THE NUMBER AND TYPES
OF COMPANIES TAKING ADVANTAGE
WILL INCREASE.
THAT INTERNAL WILL KEEP THE PART
SHER NIP BETWEEN NASA THRIVING
SOON WE HOPE TO SEE PRIVATE
ASTRONAUTS AS PART OF THE
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
SOME MIGHT BE RESEARCHER
ASTRONAUTS.
THEY WORK FOR A COMPANY AND
TRAINED TO COME WORK IN THE
STATION DURING PRY RAT MISSIONS
TO ENABLE THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW
RESEARCH PLATFORM.
THEY BEGIN PREPARATION IN 2021.
THEY WILL LAUNCH A MODULE FOR
RESEARCH AND OTHER ACTIVITIES ON
THE SPACESHIP.
THE COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY AND
COMMERICIAL CREW PROGRAMS ARE
ENABLING MULTIPLE COMPANIES TO
DEVELOP THE NEXT SPACECRAFTS AND
LAUNCH SYSTEMS.
THIS TRANSPORTATION TO AND FROM
THE SPACE SHIFT HAS CREWED THE
MARKETPLACE AND ADDITIONAL
RESEARCH TIME AND BROADER
OPPORTUNITY FOR DISCOVERY FOR
NASA'S POSSESSION OF SPACE
EXPLORATION.
THE INNOVATIVE USE OF
PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS TO
SUPPORT STATION RESEARCH IS THE
TEMPLATE FOR THE NEW EXPLORATION
INITIATIVE.
THE AETEMIS PROGRAM THE GOAL OF
LANDING THE FIRST WOMAN AND
PERSON OF COLOR ON THE SURFACE
OF THE MOON.
IN THE MISSION ARTEMIS PLAN IS
TO ESTABLISH A LUNAR OUT POST
BUILT BY PRIVATE COMPANIES AND
HARVESTING RESOURCES FROM THE
MOON.
DOING BUSINESS IN SPACE IS THE
FASTEST GROWING BUSINESS ON
EARTH.
IT HAS EXPANDED OVER 60%.
VALUED AT $400 BILLION.
THAT COMMERCIAL SUCCESS IS MET
BY THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM
PRIVATE RESEARCH CONDUCTED ON
THE SPACE STATION.
IT'S KNOWLEDGE SENDS HUNDREDS OF
DIFFERENT THINGS AND HELP THOSE
ON EARTH AS WELL AS THOSE BEYOND
THE REACHES OF THE PLANET.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT HOW
THEY CONDUCT RESEARCH.
HEAD NASA.GOV/SPACE.
VISIT SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>>> THE GOAL OF THE
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM IS TO
SUPPORT THE COMMERCIAL USAGE OF
SPACE.
TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION AND THOSE FUTURE
MISSIONS ARE PART OF THE AETEMIS
PROGRAM WORKING TOWARDS THE
FIRST FLIGHT OF THE ORION
SPACECRAFT.
THIS IS THEM GETTING THE
HARDWARE READY FOR THE NEXT
FLIGHT.
♪
>>> SANE, MEGAN AND THE REST OF
THE CREW FLEW THE CREW DRAGON
ENDEAVOR TO THE SPACE STATION.
WE ASKED THEM WHAT THEY KNEW
ABOUT EACH OTHER BEFORE THEY
SPENT TIME IN SPACE.
>> MEGAN, INTELLIGENT AND WOODY.
>> SMART, KNOWLEDGEABLE, BRAVE.
>> SANE IS THOUGHTFUL BUT A
PRANKSTER.
>> CALM AND SNOOP.
>> ALWAYS SMILING.
>> COMPETENT, FUNNY, AND GOOD
FRIEND.
>> EXTREMELY SKILLED AND FUN.
>> HE'S BO BARROUS.
>> PLAYING GOLF, BAKING.
>> I WOULD SAY FRENCH.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> JAPANESE.
>> QUESTION ARE VERY CLOSE.
>> I REALIZED WE HAVE A LOT OF
ARMY EXPERIENCE TO KEEP US IN
SHAPE UP THERE.
>> ME,.
>> ME.
>> JUST ENJOYING LIFE TOGETHER
IN A SPECIAL ENVIRONMENT AND
GETTING A CHANCE TO DO THAT IS
VERY SPECIAL.
IT WILL BE REALLY GOOD.
>> SINGING.
>> LIVING TOGETHER AND SPENDING
PRECIOUS TIME WITH EACH OTHER.
>> HOCKEY.
>> UM, MAYBE ME.
>> WELL, I DON'T KNOW.
PRETTY MUCH ALL OF THEM.
MEGAN HAS A GREAT POKER FACE.
>> PROBABLY NOT ME.
>> SANE WOULD WIN IN A FOOT
RACE.
>> THAT'S A TOUGH ONE.
SANE RUNS EVERY DAY BUT THOMA IS
VERY COMPETITIVE.
>> TURNS OUT I COME FROM A
TALKING PEOPLE.
I HAVE THE TENDENCY TO
INTERRUPT.
I'M WORKING ON IT.
DID I INTERRUPT YOU THERE?
>> BEING THE HANDS IN HANDS ON
SCIENCE RESEARCH IN SPACE IS
JUST ONE PART OF THE JOB OF AN
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION CREW
MEMBER.
THEY ALSO SHARE THE EXPERIENCE
OF BEING IN SPACE WITH
EARTHLINGS.
THEY ALSO SPOKE TO STUDENTS
ABOUT KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS AS
MARK DEMONSTRATES IN THE
DEMONSTRATION VIDEO.
>>> BECOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
I'M MARK AND TODAY WE'LL TALK
ABOUT NEW TAN'S THIRD LAW.
LOW DO YOU THINK IT WILL HOLDUP
IN MICROGRAVITY.
>> FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN
EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION.
TWO OBJECT FOR OPPOSITE FORCES
ACTING ON EACH OBJECT AT THE
SAME TIME.
THERE ARE MANY EXAMPLES ON
EARTH.
♪
>> IN SPACE THE VEHICLE IS
SPEARED IN THE OPPOSITE WAY.
>> HELLO, AGAIN.
>> MORE BASEBALL STUFF TAN ON
THE GROUND.
AT LEAST WE ARE NOT GETTING THIS
MUCH HANG TIME ALL RIGHT, BACK
TO SERIOUS BUSINESS.
WE HAVE A BASEBALL RIGHT HERE.
THIS IS OBJECT ONE.
I'M THE SECOND OBJECT.
IF OBJECT TWO APPLIED TO OBJECT
ONE THE SAME FORCE WILL BE
APPLIED ACCORDING TO NEWTON'S
THIRD LAW.
HOWEVER, THERE IS A BIG
DISPARITY.
IT'S A VERY LIGHT MESS OBJECT.
OBJECT SECT TWO, MYSELF, IS A
LARGER MASS OBJECT.
SO, I'LL TRY TO MAKE MYSELF THE
SAME SHAPE AS THE BALL AND SEE
HOW THAT WORKS FOR US I'LL APPLY
THAT FORCE.
>> WE SAW THAT FORCE APPLIED TO
THE BALL AND IT ACCELERATED
REALLY QUICK.
>> THIS TIME WE NEED TWO SIMILAR
OBJECTS.
JOE AND I GET INTO A BALL AND IT
WILL FACE YOU THIS WAY.
I'LL GET INTO A BALL BEHIND JOE
AND APPLY A FORCE TO HIM.
>> NOTICE, WHEN I APPLY THE
FORCE IT ACCELERATED JOE A WAY
FROM ME BUT I GOT ACCELERATED A
WAY FROM HIM AS WELL.
IT'S THE SAME FORCE APPLIED TO
ME.
NOW YOU SEE NEWTON'S THIRD LAW
IN SPACE.
TEST IT OUT ON EARTH.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
>> THE OPPORTUNITY TO SPEND SIX
OR SO MONTHS ON THE SPACE
STATION HAS MEN AND WOMEN FROM
AROUND THE WORLD HAS BEEN DOING
THIS WITHOUT INTERRUPTION FOR 20
YEARS NOW AND LEAD TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES.
GROUNDBREAKING SCIENTIFIC
TECHNOLOGIES AND COOPERATION
AMONG NATIONS.
EVEN MORE TAN THAT IT'S CAUSED
MANY OF THE ASTRONAUTS TO
EXPERIENCE A SHIFT IN THEIR
WORLD VIEW.
NASA'S KAREN IS ONE OF THEM.
>>> MY FIRST FLIGHT WAS TWO
WEEKS AND A LOT HAD TO GET DONE.
I REMEMBER THE POINT WHEN I
STOPPED AND THOUGHT, I DID IT.
I REMEMBER SEEING THE BEAUTY BUT
DON'T REMEMBER ANYMORE PROFOUND
THOUGHTS ABOUT IT IT'S WHEN I
SPENT MORE TIME.
I STARTED TO TASTE IT A BIT
MORE.
>> THE ENTIRE EXPERIENCE IS
ACTUALLY SURREAL.
IT LAUNCHED ON A ROCKET YOU ARE
LOOKING AT EARTH FOR THE FIRST
TIME EVERYTHING IS DIFFERENT
ABDOMEN IT'S A DIFFERENT
EXPERIENCE.
IT I'LL MOST DOESN'T SEEM REAL.
WHEN I SAW MY SPACE SHUTTLE
FLIGHT FOR TWO WEEKS IN 2008
WHEN I GOT BACK YOU COULDN'T
CONVINCE ME I GOT BACK.
THE EXPERIENCE IS SO UNUSUAL TAN
ANYTHING YOU EVER DONE IN YOUR
LIFE, IT'S HARD TO GRASP IT AT
ALL.
I WAS VERY EXCITED.
IT'S GOING TO BURN IN MY MEMORY.
I'D LIKE TO SEEM REAL.
LOOKING AT IT FOR THE FIRST TIME
YOU JUST NOTICE VIBRANCY.
IT'S EQUIVALENCY TO ME
BACKPACKING AND YOU COME TO A
CLAIREING IT IS HOW COULD THIS
GET ANY PRETTIER AND YOU TAKE A
PICTURE AND LOOK AT THEM LATER
AND YOU NEVER HAVE THAT FEELING
AGAIN.
IT NEVER HAS THE SAME FEELING
AGAIN.
THIS GIVES ME THE SAME FEELING
THAT I FELT.
>> IT STARTED TO MAKE ME
UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING IS
CONNECTED THE CHAIR IN EFFECT.
IT'S ALL INTERCONNECTED.
THIS IS OUR WORLD HERE AND AS
FAR AS YOU THINK ABOUT OTHER
PEOPLE IN THE WORLD.
IT'S HEADED TOWARDS THEM BECAUSE
YOU DON'T KNOW THEM.
I FINALLY SAW EARTH.
I REALLY SAW IT.
THEN, LISTENING TO A NEWS STORY
IN THE MORNING AND CLIMBING OVER
THAT PARTICULAR PART OF THE
WORLD IN THE AFTERNOON.
IT REALLY EFFECTED ME.
THEN, JUST REALIZING IT'S AT
HOME OFTEN WE THINK HOME AND
RIGHT NOW HOME IS HOUSTON TEXAS
AND CHILDHOOD HOME IS MINNESOTA
BUT HOME IS EARTH.
>>> IF YOU WOULD LIKE ANOTHER
LOOK AT THE STORIES YOU SAW
TODAY FIND THEM ON YOUTUBE AND
FACEBOOK.
WITH A LOT OF OTHER GREAT
FUTURES.
BE SURE TO LOOK AROUND.
IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR GOOD
CONVERSATION CHECK OUT HOUSTON
WE HAVE A PODCAST.
OUR WEEKLY SHOW WITH SPOKES
INVOLVED IN ALL AREAS OF
EXPARTICULAR MORE RATION.
YOU WILL HEAR FROM GARY AND
OTHER GUESTS AS THEY GET
TOGETHER TO REMINISCE ABOUT
OTHER EPISODES.
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST FOR THIS
WEEKS EPISODE.
>> ALL OF THE PREVIOUS EPISODES
ARE THERE TOO.
SO IS THE FULL LIBRARY OF
PODCAST.
THEY CAN BE FOUND AT ANY PODCAST
LOCATION.