>>> GOOD MORNING, WELCOME TO A
LOOK AT THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM WERE
THE ORBIT FLIGHT CONTROLLERS ARE
MAINTAINS SYSTEMS.
THEY ARE WORKING THROUGH THE
LAST FEW ITEMS OF THE AGENDA FOR
THE REGULAR WORKWEEK.
THE CREW HAS BEEN ATTENDING THE
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS UNDERWAY IN
THE STATIONS LAB MODULES.
WHILE TAKING CARE OF EQUIPMENT
INSULATION.
THE COSMONATS ARE PREPARING FOR
A SPACEWALK.
>> THERE WAS 14 THEY PRETREATED
URINE IN A SYSTEM THAT RECYCLES
THE WATER.
IT WAS DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE
ASTRONAUT FEEDBACK AND 40%
LIGHTER BUILD THAN THE SPACE
STATION THEY PROVIDE A VALUABLE
OPPORTUNITY CLOSER TO EARTH.
PRIOR TO THE MISSIONS FARTHER
FROM HOME.
THE DESIGN CONCEPT CAN BE EASILY
INTERGRADED AND LIFE-SUPPORT
SYSTEMS AND FUTURE UNIT WILL BE
INSTALLED FOR THE ARTEMIS TWO
MISSION.
THEY ARE PREPARING FOR A NEW
MISSION.
TWO ASTRONAUTS WILL EXIT THE
SPACE STATION.
THEY WILL DISCONNECT ALL OF THE
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE STATION
PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OF THE
CARGO SHIPMENT MAKING WAY FOR
THE NEW RUSSIAN LABORATORY.
IT'S SCHEDULED TWO DAYS AFTER
THE LAUNCH.
WATCH THE SPACEWALK LIVE ON OUR
WEBSITE AND NASA TV.
ONE DAY AFTER THE SPACE LAUNCH.
THEY WILL LAUNCH THEIR RESUPPLY
MISSION.
DRAGON WILL DELIVER MORE THAN
7,300 POUNDS OF SCIENCE,
HARDWARE, CREW SUPPLIES, AND
LABORATORY ITEMS.
THE SPACECRAFT WILL BRING THE
FIRST TWO NEW SOLAR AWAYS TO BE
INSTALLED IN FUTURE SPACEWALKS
THIS SUMMER.
THIS WEEKS QUESTION COMES FROM
BOBBY AND CINDY.
WHAT IS THE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE
THE SPACE STATION.
THE TEMPERATURE IN LOW EARTH
ORBIT CAN RANGE WIDELY ON
WHETHER OR NOT THE SPACE STATION
IS IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
WITHIN THE DAY TEMPERATURES CAN
EACH 250 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND
CAN BE MINUS 250 DEGREES AT
NIGHT.
ASTRONAUTS CAN CHANGE THE
TEMPERATURE OF WATER RUNNING
THROUGH THE COOLING GARMENT OF
THEIR SUIT.
THAT WILL BOROUGH TECT THEM FROM
THE HASH ENVIRONMENT OF SPACE.
KEEP SENDING IN YOUR QUESTIONS
USING HASHTAG ASK NASA.
>> LEAH MENTIONED THE UPCOMING
LAUNCH OF THE CARGO DRAGON
MISSION THIS IS A QUICK PREVIEW
OF MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT AND
FORMATION OF KIDNEY STONES AND
LEARN HOW WATER BEARS TOLERATE
BEFORING IN SPACE.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>>> IT'D WAS AT THE BEGINNING OF
THIS MONTH THAT NASA'S SPACE X
CREW ONE CAME HOME HUNDREDS OF
INVESTIGATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY
DEMONSTRATIONS.
VALUABLE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
WILL PREPARE HUMANS FOR FUTURE
EXPLORATION WHILE GENERATING
INNOVATIONS FOR PEOPLE ON EARTH.
TAKE A LOOK AT THE SCIENTIFIC
MILESTONES DURING THE MISSION.
>> NOT EVEN GRAVITY CONTAINS
HUMANITY.
>> WE ARE EXCITED TO BE HERE AND
HUMBLED AND EXCITED TO BE APART
OF THIS EXPEDITION.
>> WE HAVE SEVERAL DIFFERENT
EXPERIMENTS GOING ON INSIDE THE
SPACE STATION AND DIFFERENT
FACILITIES LIKE OUR LIFE
SCIENTIST GLOVE BOX WE USE.
>> SPACE TO GROUND THREE FOR
SHANNON THREE MESMERIZED P.I.
>> MESOMOREIZED CREW MEMBER
HERE.
>> YOU READY FOR THIS?
>> WOW, THAT HE SAYS BEAUTIFUL.
>> THANK YOU, GUYS.
>> THE PLANT WILL GROW IN THIS
DETECTION.
WE WILL SEE HOW IT GROSS.
>> THAT WAS GREAT.
THAT'S THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
RIGHT THERE.
>> STATION SPACE TO GROUND TWO.
WELCOME TO ISS.
>> WE DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY FOR R
FOR HEALTHCARE AND MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY.
MORE IMPORTANT, I BELIEVE SPACE
HAS A WAY OF UNIVERSITILY
INSPIRING PEOPLE AND MAKE PEOPLE
WANT TO DO CHALLENGING THINGS TO
THE BEST OF THEIR ABILITY.
SO, THE HUMAN ASPECTS OF HUMAN
SPACE EXPLORATION WILL BE FOR
DAYS TO COME.
>> THE ASTRONAUTS AND COSMONAUTS
WILL HAVE TO MASTER TO RETURN
AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON
AS PART OF THE PROGRAM.
FOR EXAMPLE, IT'S CRITICAL TO
UNDERSTAND HOW TO INTERACT WITH
THE FINE DUST PARTICLES THAT
COVER THE MOON'S SURFACE.
WE USE THE FACILITY TO DETERMINE
HOW THEY MOVE IN MICROGRAVITY
OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME IF
YOU LOOK AT ASTEROIDS THERE ARE
FINE PARTICLES AND DUST THAT
COVERS THE SURFACE.
IT'S VERY DYNAMIC.
WE HAVE ASTEROIDS MOVING AROUND
AND THE SURFACE IS BOMBARDED ALL
OVER THE TIME.
WHY WOULD WE WANT TO STUDY IT ON
THE SPACE STATION.
THERE IS A LOT OF INTEREST
SENDING THEM TO SPACE AND WE
HAVE SENT A LOT OF ROBOTIC
MISSIONS TO ASTEROIDS.
EVERY TIME WE VISIT THEM THERE
ARE MORE AND MORE.
EACH ONE IS DIFFERENT.
WE NEED TO LEARN TO INTERACT
WITH THE ASTEROIDS SURFACE.
ABOUT THE YOU ANCHOR TO THE
SURFACE WE MUST UNDERSTAND TO
INTERACT WITH THE AREA.
THEY HAVE A LOT OF GRAVITY THAT
YOU FIND ON THE SPACE STATION AS
WELL.
THERE ARE CLEAR TUBES THE SIZE
OF A PRINGLES CAN.
THIS IS WHAT WE ARE STUDYING.
THE MAIN PIECE OF DATA IS
STUDYING THE MOON.
OVER A YEAR WE WILL GET THIS
TIME LAPSE IMAGE OF THE
PARTICLES MOVING.
WE ARE LOOKING AT THE LONG-TERM
EFFECTS.
ALSO, SOMETHING WE HAVE ON
ASTEROIDS IS VACUUMS.
WE WOULDN'T LIKE TO EXPOSE THE
MATERIALS.
WE HAVE IT HOOKED UP TO A PORT
TO SPACE.
THE IDEA IS IT WILL BE OPEN TO
OTHER INVESTIGATORS.
CASSETTE TWO, THREE, AND SEVEN.
WE DO RESEARCH ON GRAINLAR
MATERIALS.
IT'S A WONDERFUL PLACE TO STUDY.
WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT THE
OPPORTUNITIES THEY CAN BRING TO
RESEARCHERS IN THE FUTURE.
>> EXSUPERMENTS DONE ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
COVER MANY SCIENTIFIC
DISCIPLINES INCLUDING MEDICAL
SIGN THAT COULD BENEFIT THE 5
MILLION PEOPLE ON EARTH EFFECTED
BY PARKINSON DISEASE.
WHEN ALEXANDER WORKED ON AN
EXPERIMENT WITH A CRYSTAL THAT
MIGHT HOLD IMPORTANT INSIGHTS
THE NASA ASTRONAUT WALKED US
THROUGH WHAT THAT WAS LIKE.
>> WELCOME TO EXPEDITION 57.
WE ARE WORKING ON PARKINSON
DISEASE.
WE ARE WORKING ON THE PROTEIN
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE.
THE REASON IT'S HERE IS THEY
GROW LARGER AND HAVE MUCH BITTER
QUALITY.
PARKINSON IS A DISEASE THAT
EFFECTS 5 MILLION PEOPLE
WORLDWIDE AND THEY ARE
CONSTANTLY SEARCHING FOR A CURE.
HERE IN THE MICROGRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT THEY LIKE TO GROW.
THEY CAN BETTER CLARIFY THE
STRUCTURE SO WE ARE BETTER ABLE
TO DEVELOP AN INHIBITOR DRUG.
NOT JUST AN INHIBITOR DRUG BUT
WITH VERY FEW SIDE EFFECTS.
WHAT ALEX IS DOING IS WORKING ON
THE MALL IN MICROGRAVITY.
HE HAS A MICROSCOPE ABOVE HIM
AND WITH A SPECIAL PROTEIN
SPECIAL.
JUST A FEW DAYS AGO YOU NEED
TIME FOR THEM TO CRYSTALLIZE.
THEY ARE IN REALTIME WITH A
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ON THE
GROUND.
LOOK AT THE STRUCTURE TO IMPROVE
THE LIGHTNING AND CLARITY AND
THEY WILL BE SENT TO THE GROUND.
HERE ON EXTRADITION 57 WE ARE
PROUD TO TAKE PART IN THE
EXPERIMENT.
OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS
SCIENTIST REALIZED THIS IS SUCH
AUTO UNIQUE ENVIRONMENT FOR
CELLS FOR PROTEIN CRYSTALS AND
PROVIDES A NEW WAY TO LOOK AT
DISEASES IN A BETTER WAY AND
DEVELOP NEW MEDICATIONS AND
TAKING PART IN THE SCIENCE
EXPERIMENT.
>> THE LABORATORIES AT THE SPACE
STATION PROVIDE A HOME FOR
DOZENS OF EXPERIMENTS AT A TIME
IN A WIDE RANGE OF DISCIPLINES.
THE OUTSIDE SUPPORTS RESEARCH.
THERE IS A BIG EXPERIMENT OUT ON
THE STARBOARD TRUST.
IT'S NOW BACK IN BUSINESS AND
SEARCHING FOR COSMIC PARTICLES
THEY WERE FROM BILLIONS OF
LIGHT-YEARS AWAY AND MIGHT HOLD
INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF
THE UNIVERSE.
>> HUMANS HAVE OBSERVED MANY
THINGS ACROSS IT.
AMONG THOSE MYSTERIES IS THE
FORMATION.
IT SHOULD HAVE RESULTED IN A
BALANCE OF MATTER AND IT'S
CORRESPONDING COUNTERPART
ANTIMATTER.
THAT'S IN THE FORM OF DARK
MATTER.
MUCH OF THE ANTIMATTER CANNOT BE
FOUND AT ALL.
STUDYING FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES
AND ORIGINATING FROM PARTICLES.
THIS MIGHT HOLD THE KEY.
WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF PARTICLE
PHYSICS.
BEING EXPLORED FROM LOW EARTH
ORBIT FOR THE ELECTRONIC
PARTICLES.
>> STARS, INTERSTELLAR GAS.
WE ARE ABLE TO OBSERVE THIS
ACROSS THE UNIVERSE.
THE OTHER 95% IS DARK.
DARK MATTER AS WELL AS DARK
ENERGY.
DARK MATTER DOESN'T INTERACT
WITH OR PRODUCE LIGHT AS FAR AS
WE KNOW.
IT CONSISTS OF NORMAL MATTER OR
CAN BE OBSERVED DIRECTLY.
HOW DO YOU IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING
OF SOMETHING THAT CAN'T BE
OBSERVED.
ONE WAY IS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE
OF INTERACTION KIRK WILL EXPLAIN
HOW THIS IS HELPING SCIENTIST
TEST AND MODIFY THEIR THEORY.
SCIENTISTS ARE USING AMSOT TO
CHARGE PARTICLES THAT TRAVEL
NEAR THE SPEED OF LIGHT.
THEY CATEGORIZE EACH COSMIC RAY
AND LOOKING AT A HIGH ENERGY
RANGE TO SEE IF WHAT WE CAN
MEASURE CAN ACCOUNT FOR ALL OF
THE RAYS WE ARE SEEING IF YOU
SEE SOMETHING THAT DOESN'T FIT
THIS COULD BE EVIDENCE OF DARK
MATTER INTERACTIONS.
THEY SEARCH FOR ANTIMATTER THE
BIG BANG THEORY REQUIRES A 50/50
RATIO.
TO DATE THE AMOUNT OF ANTIMATTER
FOUND DOESN'T COME CLOSE TO
MATCHING THE AMOUNT OF MATTER TO
EXIST.
ONE OF THE GOALS OF THE MISSION
IS TO PROTECT ANTIMATTER AND SEE
IF THERE ARE ANY LARGE
COLLECTIONS OF IT OUT THERE
SOMEWHERE.
WHEN THEY PASS THROUGH THE
STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD THEIR PADS
BEND AND ANTIMATTER PARTICLE
STANDOUT BECAUSE THEIR PATHS
BEND THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.
THE ANTIMATTER AND THREE ORDERS
OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAT FLEW
IN SPACE IN UNIOF 1998 FOR
SHUTTLE DISCOVERY.
THEY WERE PREVIOUSLY
UNDETECTABLE.
THE KEY FACTOR OUT OF AMSO 2 IS
TIME.
ORIGINALLY EXPECTED TO HAVE A
LIFE-SPAN OF THREE YEARS THEY
HAVE CONTINUED TO PREFORM IN
THEIR MODERATION ONBOARD THE
LABORATORY.
ASTRONAUTS CONDUCTED A SERIES OF
SPACE WOULD WALKS TO FIX THE
AMSO 2 EASE PARTS.
THIS WILL PROVIDE SCIENTISTS
MORE TIME TO REVEAL THE GREATEST
MYSTERIES.
FOR MORE ON SCIENTIFIC STUDIES
DONE ON OR OUTSIDE THE SPACE
STATION HEAD TO
NASA.GOV/SCIENCE.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE
ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE VISIT
SCIENCE. NASA.GOV.
>>> THE STRUCTURE OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
ENGINEERED TO WITHSTAND THE
DIFFERENT FORCES.
IN THIS DEMONSTRATION VIDEO
RICKY ARNOLD WILL EXPLAIN THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STRUCTURES
AND WHAT FORCES THEY MIGHT BE UP
AGAINST IN MICROGRAVITY.
>> HEY, I'M RICKY ARNOLD TODAY
WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE SPACE
STATION TRUST.
IT'S PART OF A WHOLE TRUST
STRUCTURE THEY ARE USED FOR THE
SIX SOLAR ARRAY PANELS AND THEY
GET RID OF EXCESS HEAT INSIDE
THE SPACE STATION THE DESIGN HAS
TRIANGLES AND ALABAMAS.
WHY TRIANGLES?
THIS IS BECAUSE OF THE UNIQUE
PROPERTIES AND METHOD OF
TRANSFERRING LOADS.
THEY ARE MORE RIDGED THAN
RECTANGULAR SHAPES.
THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF JOINTS IN
THE SHAPE THE MORE PRONE IT WILL
BE IMPACTED BY FORCES.
WHAT I'D LIKE TO TALK ABOUT IS
SOME OF THE FORCES.
WELL, THE FIRST ONE I'D LIKE TO
TALK ABOUT IS COMPRESSION FORCE.
IT'S JUST LIKE IT SOUNDS.
TWO THINGS COMING TOGETHER.
SO, IF WE APPLY THE COMPRESSION
FORCE TO THE TRUST, WHAT WILL
HAPPEN.
WELL, LET ME GO AHEAD AND DO IT.
YOU CAN SEE, RIGHT HERE WHERE
THE TRUST WILL BEND.
WHAT DO YOU THINK THE OPPOSITE
FORCE OF COMPRESSION IS?
YEAH, IT'S GOING TO PULL APART.
WE CALL THAT ATTENTION FORCE.
THAT WILL HELP REQUEST THE TRUST
SEGMENT.
I WOULDN'T PULL APART THE TAPE
MEASURER BECAUSE WE WILL NEED IT
FOR WORK WE HAVE TO DO.
IF WE LOOK CAREFULLY THE NEXT
FORCE IS A TWISTING FORCE AND WE
CALL IT TORSION WHEN I JUST LET
GO OF THE TAPE MEASURER YOU CAN
SEE IT START TO HAPPEN A BIT.
BECAUSE THE CENTER OF MASS IS
RIGHT HERE IT CAN OCCUR AT A
SINGLE POINT WERE TWO OPPOSING
FORCES WE COULD HAVE A PLATE
ALONG A FAULT LINE WERE ONE SIDE
IS MOVING UPWARDS OR FORCED
UPWARD AND THE OTHER SIDE IS
MOVING DOWNWARD.
THAT FORCE IN A ONE POINT OF
OPPOSITE DIRECTION IS CALLED
SHEER FORCE.
WE COULD HAVE THAT HAPPEN ON THE
TRUST SEGMENT.
SOMETHING LIKE WHICH.
WE ARE UP HERE AND WE ARE MOVING
HEAVY PIECES EQUIPMENT ON THE
ARGUENDO.
THE JOB IS TO MONITOR THE FORCES
ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION.
THEY KEEP TRACK OF ALL OF THOSE
VARIOUS FORCES AND WHERE THEY
COULD BE COMING FOR.
THE SPACE STATION AND MAKE SURE
THOSE FORCES ARE SIGNIFICANT
ENOUGH TO CAUSE ANY DAMAGE TO
THE WONDERFUL LABORATORY AND
LIVING SPACE WE HAVE UP HERE IN
ORBIT.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING ME TODAY.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
SO LONG.
>>> ACCORDING TO REPORTS FROM
THE SELECT FEW THAT HAD THE
CHANCE TO SEE IT, THE EXPERIENCE
OF SEEING EARTH FROM 250 MILES
UP IS A PROFOUND ONE.
SOME OF THE LUCKY ASTRONAUTS SAY
THEY HAVE SEEN MORE AND MORE
DETAILS OF THE PLANET AND SPACE
BEYOND WITH EACH OPPORTUNITY.
ASTRONAUTS DONNA THREE TIME
VISIT DOOR IS A GOOD EXAMPLE.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>> I THOUGHT I KNEW WHAT THE
EARTH WAS ABOUT BECAUSE OF ALL
OF THE PICTURES IT'S SEEING A
TRAVELOG AND CALLING IT YOUR
VACATION.
WE WANT TO GO TO THESE PLACES
BECAUSE THE EXPERIMENT IS
DIFFERENT.
IT'S THE SAME THING WHEN YOU GO
TO SPACE.
YOU KNOW, INTELLECTUALLY WHAT
EARTH IS LIKE FROM SPACE BECAUSE
WE HAVE SEEN THE PICTURES AND
IT'S NOT BEING THERE.
THE HUMAN SPIRIT ASPECT OF SPACE
DOESN'T COME UNTIL YOU CAN RELAX
A BIT.
NOW, THAT HAPPENED, FOR ME, WHEN
I WAS TAKING MY SPACE SUIT OFF
AND I REMEMBER FLOATING TO THE
FLIGHT DECK AND LOOKING AT THE
OVERHEAD WINDOWS AND EARTH WAS
THERE AND IT WAS SUCH AN INTENSE
BLUE.
IT WAS SOMEWHERE OVER THE OCEAN.
IT WAS AN INTENSITY OF COLOR NO
FILM CAN CAPTURE.
YOU CAN CAN DO MORE AND MORE
DETAILS OUT.
WHEN YOU FIRST LOOK AT EARTH YOU
MIGHT SAY WOW, THAT'S A
CONTINENT.
YOU LOOK AT IT AGAIN AND WOW,
THERE ARE ARE MOUNTAIN RANGES.
OH, THE NEXT DAY I CAN SEE
INCLINES IN THE GEE LOGIC
STRUCTURE.
THERE IS THE RAIN SHADOW EFFECT
THE MORE TIME YOU HAVE TO LOOK
AT EARTH OVER A PERIOD OF TIME
THE MORE YOU CAN SEE.
SO, THERE IS MORE TO SEE IN
SPACE THAN JUST LOOKING AT
EARTH.
THERE ARE LIKE THE CLOUDS.
THEY SHOW UP REALLY BRIGHT YOU
CAN FAINTLY MAKE IT OUT BUT IN
SPACE IT STANDS OUT BECAUSE OF
THE CONTRAST.
IT'S SO STARK.
THERE ARE ALL KINDS OF OTHER
THINGS TO SEE.
THE MOON GOES THROUGH IT'S
PHRASES THE ANGLE THE MOON MAKES
WHEN IT'S RISING YOU GOT'S A
GIANT MACHINE AND IT WAS OVER
HERE TWO WEEKS AGO AND NOW
RISING OVER HERE.
YOU THINK ABOUT THE ORBITAL
DYNAMICS.
SO MUCH TO OBSERVE.
>> OUR EXPERIENCES WITH ALL THE
PEOPLE AS OF TODAY THEY DON'T
HAVE A CHANCE TO GO INTO SPACE.
THE MORE PEOPLE WE CAN GET OFF
THIS PLANET AND HAVE THESE KIND
OF EXPERIMENTS YOU WILL SEE IN
IDEAS AND VIABILITY OF YOUR
CULTURE WILL INCREASE.
TO GET ANOTHER LOOK AT STORIES
YOU HAVE SEEN TODAY FIND THEM ON
YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK.
FIND A LOT OF OTHER GREAT
FUTURES ON A WIDE RANGE OF
TOPICS SO LOOK AROUND FOR GOOD
CONVERSATION CHECK OUT HOUSTON
WE HAVE A PODCAST TODAY WE GET
THE DETAILS OF A NEW EXPERIMENT
FLYING NEXT WEEK.
HEAR ABOUT WATER BEARS FROM DR.
THOMAS.
HEAD TO NASA.GOV/PODCASTS FOR
THIS EPISODE AND PREVIOUS
EPISODES AND FULL LIBRARY OF
NASA PODCASTS THAT ARE ON NASA
PODCAST, GOOGLE PODCAST, AND
SOUND CLOUD.