>>> GOOD MORNING, YOU ARE
LOOKING AT THE FLIGHT CONTROL
ROOM AT JOHNSON SPACE CENTER
WERE THEY ARE MICHELLE OBAMAING
STATION SYSTEMS AND ASSISTING
THE CREW MEMBERS THROUGH THE
LAST FEW HOURS OF THEIR REGULAR
WORKWEEK.
THE TEAM KICKED OFF THE WEEK
WATCHING THE FIRST AUTOMATED
DOCKING AND THEN GOT BUSY
UNPACKING CREW SUPPLIES APPEARED
SCIENCE MATERIALS INSIDE.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.
I'M KATHERINE.
THERE IS MORE TO GET EXCITED
ABOUT.
ON SUNDAY SPACE X LAUNCHED THE
COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY MISSION AT
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
THE UPGRADED CARGO DRAGON
DELIVERED 6,000 POUNDS OF
RESEARCH.
AUTONOMOUS DOCKING WAS A FIRST
FOR THE CARGO DRAGON AND MOANED
BY KATE AND VICTOR.
THE CARGO DRAGON WILL MARK THE
FIRST TIME THERE ARE TWO
SPACECRAFTS DOCKED AT THE SAME
TIME.
THEY WILL SPEND ONE MONTH
ATTACHED BEFORE WE TURNING TO
THE EARTH WITH CARGO AND
RESEARCH.
CRS 21 DELIVERED SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS THAT WILL HELP
UNDERSTAND THE HUMAN BODY.
THE EFFECT OF MICROGRAVITY ON
BRAIN ORGANOIDS.
THE INVESTIGATION WILL EXPOSE
THE ORGANOIDS FOR THREE WEEKS IN
THE LAB.
NASA IS ALWAYS PREPARING FOR
FARTHER EXPLORATION AND TWO
INVESTIGATIONS DELIVERED WILL
MAKE THAT EXPLORATION POSSIBLE.
THE BIOASTEROID INVESTIGATION
WILL STUDY THE PROCESS ABOUT
LAYERS ON THE MATERIAL AND HOW
THEY CHANGED THE ELEMENTS I.
THEY WILL ALSO STUDY
MICROGRAVITY TO INVESTIGATE HOW
THEY EFFECT MICROAND MINERALS IN
THE SPACE.
THIS WILL REQUIRE HUMAN SPACE
ATTACKS AND SPACE INVESTIGATIONS
AND WILL EXAMINE THE TOOL FOR
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HUMAN SPACE
HABITAT.
THEY BOND MATERIALS
ATEMPERATURES ABOVE 450 DEGREES
SELLOUS.
THE INVESTIGATION OF SPACE
STRUCTURES AND REPAIRS.
KEEP SENDING IN QUESTIONS USING
HASHTAG ASK NASA AND SEE YOU
NEXT WEEK.
>>> KATE RUBEN IS A SCIENTIST
AND NASA ASTRONAUT.
THERE IS NO BETTER PLACE TO BE
THAN ABROAD THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
BEING FREE FROM THE EARTH'S
GRAVITY MADE THIS THE PERFECT
PLACE TO CONDUCT RESEARCH.
>> THE REASON YOU WOULD DO ANY
KIND OF EXPERIMENT IN SPACE IS
THERE IS SOMETHING ABOUT THE
SPACE ENVIRONMENT MOST OFTEN
THAT'S MICROGRAVITY.
SO, MOSTLY THE ISS GIVES US THE
ABILITY TO DO SOMETHING WE CAN'T
DO IN A FACILITY ON EARTH OR
INVESTIGATE SOME IF A NONNONOR
PROPERTY IN A WAY WE CAN'T
HONOR.
SOME OF THE TISSUE ARCHITECTURE
IS DELEGATE TISSUE AS WE START
TO BUILD THEM UP THEY WOULD
COLLAPSE BECAUSE OF GRAVITY OR
THE CELLS WOULD SETTLE TO THE
BOTTOM.
YOU JUST CAN'T STUDY THE ANSWER
TO THE QUESTION YOU ARE LOOKING
FOR.
THE SPACE STATION ALLOWS US TO
HAVE THAT ABILITY TO TEST THE
EFFECT OF WHAT GRAVITY IS OR
REMOVE THAT PROBLEM FROM OUR SET
UP.
YEAH, THE SPACE STATION IS AN
INCREDIBLE PLACE.
IT WAS SORT OF LIKE BEING IN THE
WORLD'S MOST AMAZING LAB.
WHEN YOU ARE A SCIENTIST YOU
WORK ON ONE THING OVER AND OVER
AND REFINE THE DETAILS ON THAT
OVER THE COURSE OF THE Ph.D
THESIS.
ON THE SPACE STATION YOU GET
SOMEONE INCREDIBLY REFINED
PROJECT.
YOU LEARN ABOUT THE DIFFERENT
AREAS OF SCIENCE AND THEY EACH
HAVE A TEAM BEHIND THEM.
I WAS PRETTY EXCITED TO OPEN THE
CONTAINER AND SEE WHATEVER
EXPERIMENT THAT DAY BROUGHT AND
I ALSO SPOKE TO THE P.I.s,
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS, AND
UNDERSTAND WHAT WAS BEHIND THE
EXPERIMENT.
I WAS PRETTY EXCITED TO TAKE IT
OUT AND SEE WHAT WOULD CHANGE IN
MICROGRAVITY.
YEAH, SCIENCE IS AN AMAZING LAB
AND INCREDIBLY FUN.
WE ARE SMILING ALL OF THE TIME.
>> I'M KATE RUBIN AND A
SCIENTIST AND ASTRONAUT.
>>> THE SPACE STATION HOST
EXPERIMENT AND WIDE RANGE OF
DISCIPLINES.
HOW ABOUT RESEARCH USING
PRINTING TECHNOLOGY THAT COULD
ALLOW THREE DIMENSIONS.
CUSTODYING EDGE BIOMANUFACTURING
ABROAD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION, PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT
NASA.
MOST LIKELY YOU ARE AWARE OF 3D
PRINTING THAT ALLOWED YOU TO
DESIGN AND PRODUCE ONE OF A KIND
PIECES FOR A VERITY OF PURPOSES.
WHAT IF YOU USE THAT SAME
TECHNOLOGY LIKE NEW TISSUE OR
BLOOD VESSELS.
WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF 3D
BIOMANUFACTURING.
IT'S BEING TESTED ONBOARD THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
DR. MCROBERTS THE CHIEF
SCIENTIST EXPLAINED WHY THE
SPACE STATION IS CRITICAL TO
BIOMANUFACTURING FUTURE.
WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GROW CELLS
IN A LAB FOR A SENTRY.
GRAVITY OFF-LIMITS THAT GROWTH
TO TWO DIMENSIONS.
CELLS CAN GROW OUTWARDS BUT NOT
UP-AND-DOWN IN THE HUMAN BODY.
ALSO, LAB CELLS ARE ALSO
INCONTACT WITH THE GLASS OR
PLASTICS THAT CONTAINS THEM.
EXPERIMENTS WILL BE CONDUCTED IN
MICROGRAVITY ALLOWING YOU TO
BUILD CELL MODELS IN THREE
DIMENSION.
GROW IN CONTACT WITH A LOT OF
OTHER CELLS.
BIOMANUFACTUREINGS IMAGINES
SOMEDAY GROWING A VIABLE HUMAN
ORGAN.
THEY ARE OF SPECIFIC FILM BY
NATION.
IT'S A EACH COMPLEX TO
ENENGINE -- ENGINEER VESSELS.
IT'S THE POTENTIAL TO BYPASS THE
BODIES IMMUNE SYSTEM.
TODAY ORGAN TRANSPLANTS ARE
PRONE TO REJECTION.
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TRIES TO
ATTACK IT.
WITH THE ABILITY TO GROW TISSUE
IN SPACE THEY HAVE THEIR OWN
CELLS USED TO MAKE THEIR NEW
ORGAN AND AVOID THE BODIES
REJECTION.
THREE TYPES OF FACILITIES
ONBOARD THE SPACE STATION AND
PREFORM A MANNER.
EXTREME CELLS AND TISSUES.
THE THIRD TYPE USES POWERFUL
MAGNETS AND POSITION THE CELLS
IN PLACE.
EACH OF THE APPROACHES TO
BIOPRINTING WILL BE AVAILABLE TO
MEDICAL RESEARCHERS USED TO BE
EATER UNDERSTAND FUSING ORGANS
AND REPAIRING INJURIES.
CARRYING DISEASE ON EARTH.
DR. ROBERTS NOTES THE 3D
BIOPRINTERS COULD HELP WITHOUT
COMES ON EARTH.
A FULLY FUNCTIONING HUMAN ORGAN
MIGHT TAKE TIME.
THE KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED TO GET
THERE WILL CREATE BENEFITS AS WE
LEARN MORE ABOUT CELL REGION
RATION AND SPACE AND IT'S
APPLICATIONS TO HUMANS ON EARTH
6789 FOR MORE ABOUT STUDIES
INSIDE THE STATION VISIT
NASA.GOV/ISS/SCIENCE.
FOR MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING
ON, AROUND, OR I FOUND OR PLANET
HEAD TO SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>>> FROM WEEK TO WEEK WE SHOW
YOU THE SCIENCE.
IN THE 20 YEARS PEOPLE THAT LIVE
THERE WORKED IN THE LABORATORY
LIKE THOUSANDS OF SCIENTIST
INVOLVED.
>> SOMETIMES IT'S A SHORT LEAD
TIME AND WE GET A 12 HOUR CALL
AND WE ARE IN.
>> WE WORK TOGETHER AND IT'S
REALLY DIFFICULT TO TAKE IT ALL
IN.
>> VERY NICE.
VERY GOOD.
TRY NOT TO BREAK THEM UP.
THAT'S A GOOD DISTURBANCE.
>> I FORGET WHO I'M TALKING TO.
I'LL HAVE CONVERSATIONS WHERE
IT'S LIKE OH, YEAH.
WE HAD AN EXPERIMENT AND IT'S SO
CASUAL.
PEOPLE ARE LIKE WHAT DO YOU DO?
>>> THROUGHOUT THE SEASON WE
HAVE SEEN WHAT IT TAKES TO SEND
SCIENCE TO SPACE.
THEY ARE NOT THE ONLY ONES.
FOR TWO DECADES THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
HOSTED SCIENCE FROM THOUSANDS OF
RESEARCHERS FROM ACROSS THE
GLOBE.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ISS IS
HUGE FROM THE VERY BASIC
PHENOMENON.
THIS IS THE ONLY PLAT TOMORROW
WE HAVE AND GIVES YOU LONG-TERM
ACCESS TO A MICROGRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT.
>> YOU CAN DO THE EXPERIMENTS ON
EARTH BUT THOSE ARE A PRECURSOR
TO NOW LET AUTOS REMOVE GRAVITY.
IF YOU ARE LIKE ME YOU ARE A
SCIENTIST TRYING TO UNRAVEL THE
MYSTERY.
THIS IS MICROGRAVITY THAT CAN
MAKE SCIENCE DIFFERENT AND
DIFFERENT IS WHAT WE CONSTANTLY
STRIVE FOR.
>> DIFFERENT CAN TAKE TIME.
BEFORE NEW SCIENTIFIC
DISCOVERIES CAN BE MADE WE HAD
TO TRANSFORM AN OUT POST.
>> IN THE EARLY DAYS WE WERE
FOCUSED ON MAKING THINGS SAFE.
WE SORT OF STEPPED-UP THE NUMBER
OF HOURS WE CAN USE CREW TIMES
FOR.
>> THAT WAS A VERY EXCITING
TIME.
THE SPACE STATION WOULD HAVE
MORE CAPABILITY FOR SIGN.
THEY WOULD HAVE MORE EQUIPMENT
OR FREEZERS AND GLOVE BOXES,
MICROSCOPES, ETC.
THIS IS USED TO EXTEND THE
SCOPE.
>> IT'S VERY WARM TO FLYING
EXPERIMENTS.
JUST LIKE IN YOUR OWN LABORATORY
AT HOME.
>> DURING THAT TIME A LOT WAS
LEARNED AND SURPRISING THINGS
WERE LEARNED.
WITH THAT KNOWLEDGE WE ARE
DEVELOPING EXPERIMENTS.
>> IT'S AN EXTRA ORDINARY
JOURNEY TO WATCH AND HOW THIS
HAS COME TOGETHER AND BECOME I
WOULDN'T SAY ROUTINE BUT
ACCESSIBLE.
THAT'S A REALLY POWERFUL THING.
>> THIS IS INSIGHT THAT CREATES
UNIQUE CHALLENGES.
MICROGRAVITY CHANGES THE WAY
EVERYTHING WORKS INCLUDING
SCIENCE.
>> WORKING IN SPACE HAS A LOT OF
CHALLENGES.
IT HAS TO BE SMALL WITH THE
ENTIRE LAB BENCH AND YET, WE
STILL GET GREAT INFORMATION AND
DISCOVERING THINGS ALL OF THE
TIME.
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
>> YOU KNOW WHAT, AN AMERICAN
INVESTIGATOR.
IT'S AN AMPLE SUPPLY OF TISSUE
WERE YOU NEED BLOOD OR URINE.
WE HAVE TO WORK TOGETHER AND
FIGURE OUT A PLAN ON HOW TO USE
ONE VILE OF BLOOD INSTEAD OFTEN.
THE STRESS OF THESE PRECIOUS
SAMPLES I HAVE WORKED WITH IS
NOVEL.
>> THERE WERE DIFFERENT STUDENTS
TO CREATE THE PROJECT.
IT WAS REALLY TRENDING ON EVERY
REVIEW.
THEY WILL BLAME IT ON ME OR
WHATEVER.
WE KNEW IT'D BE DIFFICULT BUT
EVERYBODY JUMPING INTO THE
PROJECT PULLED THROUGH AND AT
THE END WE ACHIEVED A SUCCESSFUL
MISSION.
I THINK THAT'S AWESOME.
>> WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED FROM
3,000 SPACE STATION EXPERIMENTS
ON EARTH AND OUR QUEST TO
FARTHER IN SPACE.
THESE EXPERIMENTS ARE AIDING
DRUG DEVELOPMENT TO FIGHT
ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSONS.
ALSO STUDYING MUSCLE LOSS.
WE HAVE TESTED HOW TO GROW
PLANTS IN MICROGRAVITY, A
CRITICAL COMPONENT.
NONE OF THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN
POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE ASTRONAUT.
THE HUMANS LIVING AND WORKING
ONBOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION.
>> HAVING THEM HERE TO HELP US
WAS A CRITICAL PART OF BEING
ABLE TO DO MORE COMPLICATED SIGN
AND GET HIGHER SCIENCE YELLED
OUT-OF-THE SCIENCE YOU WERE
DOING.
THEY WERE INCREDIBLE AS PEOPLE
WHO WERE THERE TO TROUBLESHOOT
YOUR EXPERIMENT SHOULD YOU NEED
ANYTHING.
>> YOU CAN NEVER WE PLACE A SET
OF HUMAN HANDS.
I DON'T CARE IF IT WAS IN SPACE
OR MARS.
THIS IS SOMETHING YOU COULD
NEVER GET A MACHINE TO DO.
>> YOU CAN COLLECT A LOT OF
DATA.
THERE WAS A BIG ROLE.
YOU CAN MAKE ON THE FLY
DECISIONS.
>> THERE IS A BUBBLE ON THE END.
>> IF IT'S POSSIBLE WE WOULD
APPRECIATE THAT.
THIS IS OUR DNA TO SEE
CONSEQUENCE.
THE MOST WE CAN RETAIN THE
BETTER.
>> IT WAS REWARDING TO BE ABLE
TO PUT MY HANDS ON.
SOMETHING GOES WRONG.
>> WE HAVE A GUST AND GO FIND
THE TWO WIRES IF YOU HAVE EVER
SEEN IT SCARY WIRES.
DON'T CUT THE RED WIRE.
>> THAT'S WHAT IT FEELS LIKE.
SOMEONE HAS SPENT THEIR LIFE
DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH YOU ARE
WORKING ON AND ABOUT TO GO
THROUGH THE GUTS OF YOUR
EXPERIMENT.
I TRUST YOU TO DO THE RIGHT
THING AND NOT TOUCH THE WIRE.
THAT'S WHAT WE DO WHEN WE
STRUGGLE FARTHER AND FARTHER
AWAY.
WE DIDN'T THINK WE WERE LIKELY.
THE CREW MUST BE ADAPTABLE TO DO
THAT AND THAT WAS FIGHTING FOR
THEM TO COME TOGETHER.
>> YOU ARE MAKING SO MANY PEOPLE
TO HAPPY.
>> WHILE ORBITING LOOK OUTSIDE
THE WINDOW AND ALL OF THE
INTERRUPTIONS.
SO, HE ACTUALLY CALLED AND SAID
HEY, I WANTED YOU TO KNOW ABOUT
IT.
FIRST HE HAD TO CONVINCE THEM
THAT HE WAS WHO HE WAS AND
CALLING THEM FROM THE SPACE
STATION.
THEY CONFIRMED OTHER DATA.
>> I THINK THOSE ARE SOME OF THE
WAYS AND INCREDIBLY VALUABLE
ROLES WHEN THEY ARE UP THERE
HELPING US.
♪
THESE PAST TWO DECADES OF
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE IS JUST THE
BEGINNING.
THE START OF HUMANITIES
CONTINUOUS PRESENCE IN SPACE AND
THE IMPACT OF THE RESEARCH IS
ALREADY FELT AROUND THE WORLD.
I THINK MOST PEOPLE DIDN'T
REALIZE THE EXPERIMENTS.
THERE IS A REAL BETTERMENT OF
HUMANITY IN SPACE.
WE COULD ALL COLLABORATE AND GET
ALONG.
I THINK IT'S SAFE TO SAY THEY
HAVE ALLOWED WRITING SEVERAL NEW
TEXTBOOKS.
WE HAVE MORE AND MORE SCIENTIST
TO HELP INFORM THE SCIENCE AND
THE BETTER IT WILL BE FOR IT
SAFETY AND HELP OF THOSE THAT
FOLLOW.
WE ARE JUST AT THE TIP OF THE
ICEBURG.
WE HAVE A LOT MORE INFORMATION
WE'LL FIND OUT AND A LOT MORE
INFORMATION WE'LL NEED TO FIND
OUT TO GET US PREPARED FOR
LONG-TERM EXPLORATION AS WE
HUMANS ARE EXCITED TO DO.
>> SPACE STATION IS ASKING LIKE
A TEST BED APPROVING GROUND FOR
NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND SYSTEM
HARDWARE FOR HOW WE'LL DO
RESEARCH AND WHAT KIND OF
RESEARCH WE'LL DO 240 MILES FROM
THE SURFACE VERSUS SERIOUSLY
LONG DISTANCES AWAY.
WE NEED TO PRACTICE FOR THIS AND
NOW IS THE TIME TO DO THAT.
>> I WOULD SAY BEFORE I STARTED
WORKING AT THE LAB IT WAS AN
ABSTRACT IDEA AND IT WAS A JOKE
ABOUT IT.
IT DIDN'T FEEL REALLY AND NOW IT
FEELS REAL AND WAS INCREDIBLE
AND I'LL HAVE A SMALL PIECE OF
THAT.
>> I LIKE TO THINK THAT SOME OF
THE WORK THAT IS BEING DONE ON
THE SPACE STATION LAYS THE
FOUNDATION FOR US TO BE
SUCCESSFUL ON ANOTHER PLANETARY
SURFACE.
WILL I GET THERE?
NO, IT'S NOT LIKELY.
I HOPE SOMEDAY SOME OF THE
THINGS THAT WE LEARNED ABOUT X,
Y, AND Z THINGS.
WE'LL NEVER BE SUCCESSFUL.
>> THE FARTHER WE GO.
>> HANDS ON SIGN RESEARCH IS ONE
PART OF THE JOB DESCRIPTION FOR
THE CREW MEMBERS.
THE ASTRONAUTS SHARE THE
EXPERIENCE BEING IN SPACE AND
SPOKE TO STUDENTS ABOUT KEY
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS.
WE DEMONSTRATE IN THE
DEMONSTRATION VIDEO.
>> WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
I'M MARK AND TODAY WE'LL TALK
ABOUT NEWTON'S THIRD LAW.
LOW DO YOU THINK IT WILL HOLDUP
IN MICROGRAVITY.
FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN
EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION.
THIS MEANS EVERY INTERACTION
BETWEEN TWO OBJECT LEGITIMATES
THERE ARE OPPOSITE FORCES.
YOU CAN SEE THERE ARE MANY
EXAMPLES.
IN SPACE THE VEHICLE IS STIRRED
IN THE OPPOSITE WAY.
>> ANOTHER BASKETBALL STUNT I
CAN'T DO ON THE GROUND OR GET
THIS MUCH.
ALL RIGHT, BACK TO SIRROUS
BUSINESS.
WE HAVE A BASKETBALL RIGHT HERE.
THIS WILL BE OBJECT ONE ON THE
SECOND OBJECT.
IF OBJECT TWO, MYSELF, APPLIES
THIS TO OBJECT ONE THE STAYING
FORCE WILL BE APPLIED TO THIRD
LAW.
OBJECT ONE ONTO OBJECT TWO.
THERE IS A BIG DISPARITY.
OBJECT ONE IS A VERY BRIGHTNESS
OBJECT.
IT'S A LARGER MASS OPPONENT
INJECT.
I'LL TRY TO MAKE MYSELF THE
RIGHT SHAPE.
WE SAW THE SUPPLY OF THE BALL
QUIET A BIT AND DIDN'T
ACCELERATE ME MUCH AT ALL.
THIS TIME WE USE TWO CYLINDER
MASS OBJECTS.
JOE GET INTO A BALL AND I'LL DO
THE SAME.
I'LL FACE YOU THIS WAY SO I
DON'T THROW YOU INTO SOMETHING
YOU CAN'T SEE.
I'LL GET IN A BALL.
NOTICE WHEN I APPLY IT TO JOE IT
ACCELERATED IT AWAY FROM ME.
IT WAS THE SAME FORCE.
NOW YOU SEE NEWTON'S THIRD LAW
IN SPACE.
NOW TEST IT OUT ON EARTH.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
>> FUTURE NASA MISSIONS WILL
RETURN AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS.
THIS IS A LOOK AT THE PROGRESS
ON SHOUT OUT AND CONTRACTOR
LOCATIONS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
♪
>>> IF YOU WANT ANOTHER LOOK AT
ANY OF THE STORIES YOU SAW HERE
TODAY HEAD TO FACEBOOK.
ALSO CHECK OUT OUR PODCAST
CALLED HOUSTON, WE HAVE A
PODCAST.
TODAY WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE
SKILLS THAT ASTRONAUTS NEED.
HEAD TO NASA.GOV/POSTCAST FOR
THIS WEEKS EPISODE AND PREVIOUS
EPISODES.
ALL NASA PODCASTS ARE ON APPLE
PODCAST, GOOGLE PODCASTS, AND
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