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Ignition sequence.
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Good morning and welcome to this
view of the space station flight
control room this team of
specialists C2C is keeping an
eye on the systems and is
working with 64 crew as they
kick kickoff the six-month
mission.
The commander and engineers said
goodbye to three crewmates this
week and kicked off their own
scientific investigation which
will last into April of next
year.
Welcome.
This week marks the beginning of
exhibition 64.
Two veteran international
crewmembers have the laboratory
during the traditional command
ceremony the crew gathered
together when 63 commander Chris
Cassidy ceremonially handed
control to survey.
>> We have a small tradition
where there is a key to the
international space station and
it is a tool that we use on the
letters to open and close the
latch latches and it symbolizes
the camaraderie we have between
all of the space agencies and
survey it is with great pleasure
and honor that I present this
key in command of the
international space station
congratulations.
>> He began the command on
October 21st when Cassidy and
engineers undocked from the
station.
They undocked from the module
inside of the cruise ship and
reentered the Earth's atmosphere
three hours later and parachuted
to the landing and Kazakhstan
bringing 196 day space mission
to an end.
This question comes from the
middle school and students want
to know if astronauts experience
a language barrier while on
board the international space
station.
>> A truly global endeavor they
have hosted 240 people from 19
countries in almost 3,000
experiments with 4200
researchers and more than 100
countries.
A variety of space crafts and
differences in nationalities and
culture as well as being
isolated for months at a time on
the international space Center.
Before they travel into space,
they are briefed on the cultural
differences they may encounter
with crew members from other
countries.
While English is the primary
language, crews must also be
proficient in the Russian
language.
Keep asking your questions and
we will see you next week.
Chris Cassidy third trip to the
international space station
started last April on a launch
pad in Kazakhstan and wrapped up
a six-month mission with
milestones for space
explorations plus all his work
on science experiments, helping
benefit life back here on earth.
This is a look at some of the
science he enabled during his
research Phil this day aboard
the world-class laboratory in
orbit.
>> We have a lot of science
going on today.
The scientific team is in
California and the control
Center in Huntsville and we are
a peer.
It pretty cool stuff.
>> Huntsville.
>> We are recording this in the
name of science.
We are working with them at
home.
Let's go for it.
>> Let's make sure the liquid is
at the bottom.
>> All of these things we are
working on is applicable to us
in some way and we are working
on life support systems on the
space station to keep us safe
and that translates to health
systems on earth as well.
It is robust science that we
have a beer.
A lot of benefits are factored
in.
>> A busy day of science aboard
the space station.
Exhibition 64 flight engineer is
both a scientist and a NASA
astronaut.
And if there is no better place
to be for someone with those two
job titles than aboard the
international space station.
The microbiologist is being free
from Earth's gravity makes this
outpost the perfect place to
conduct research.
The reason that you would do any
kind of experiment in space is
if there is something particular
about the space environment.
Most often that is microgravity.
So, but mostly, this gives us
the ability to either do
something that we cannot do in a
facility on earth or investigate
some phenomena and property in a
way that we can't on earth so
for example some of the tissue
architecture is really delicate
tissues and you start to build
them up they would collapse
because, you have gravity or the
cells would naturally settle to
the bottom of the plate.
And so, you cannot study the
answer to the question you are
looking for, so they left us and
that we have that ability to
test with the effect of gravity
is or remove that problem
entirely from our experimental
stuff.
The space station is an
incredible place to conduct
research it was like being in
the world's most amazing lab
when I was up there in 2016.
So when you are a scientific you
are used to working on something
over and over in refining the
details on that over the course
of a PhD or lab project.
On space station you get
something recredit-incredible
product has two different
fields.
So for me it was a chance to
learn about all these different
areas of science and they each
have a team behind them.
So I was usually pretty excited
to open the container and do
whatever it experiment that they
brought.
I also had a chance to talk to
those principal investigators
and the scientific team and
understand everything that was
going on behind their
experiments and read their
papers.
I was pretty excited to try
this.
It is amazing and it is
incredibly fun so we are smiling
all the time.
I am a scientist and an
astronaut.
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Right here looking out a window
you really need the astronauts
to go out into exploration.
>> We are trying to provide the
best tools that we can no matter
where they go so these are
exploration space suits.
>> We can move naturally and
fluidly and this will adapt to
the system.
>> It is like a brand-new
spacecraft.
It is very exciting.
My career coincides with this
great opportunity.
I am so happy I am able to be
here at this time.
The laboratories at the
international space station
provide a home for dozens of
experiments at a time in a wide
range.
But the outside of the space
station connects research to it
is an experiment which was
recently put back into service
after a series of spacewalks
getting it back to work in
searching for cosmic particles
which originated in billions of
light-years away.
And which may hold the key to
the origin and composition of
the universe.
There have been many wonders
across the area but much is
still shrouded in mystery and
among those mysteries is the
formation of our universe which
should have revolted in a
balance of matter and
corresponding counter parts,
antimatter.
Much is expected to exist with
dark matter which is not
observed much of a cannot be
found at all.
Studying these particles
originating from sources of
billions of light-years away
they hold the key to
understanding the composition
and the history of our universe.
Welcome to the world of
particles currently being
explored by the the
spectrometer.
Installed on the international
space station.
Planets, stars, gas, dust, and
we are able to observe across
the universe is less than 5% of
the total content throughout the
universe.
The other 95%, is dark.
Dark matter as well as dark
energy.
Dark matter does not interact
with or produce light as far as
we know.
It does not consist of normal
matter or matter that could be
observed directly.
So how do you improve
understanding of something that
cannot be observed?
One way is to look for evidence
of the interaction occurred
because the low, the program
chief scientist at Johnson Space
Center explains how that giant
magnet is working to help
scientists to test and modify
the theories.
Scientists are using for us to
look at cosmic waves, charged
particles that travel near the
speed of light.
AMS categorizes each cosmic ray
looking at a high energy range
to see whether or not that
phenomenon which we can measure
will account for all of those
rays we are seeing.
But if you see something in the
spectrum that does not fit, this
could be evidence of dark matter
interactions.
By studying cosmic rays,
scientists are also able to
search for antimatter.
The Big Bang Theory of the
universe requires 50/50 ratio of
matter to antimatter.
But to date the amount of
antimatter found does not come
close which is known to exist.
He says, the goals of the
mission is to detect antimatter
and see if there are any large
collections of it out there
somewhere.
When particles pass through that
strong magnetic field produced
by them the path of bends, they
stand out because the path bends
in the opposite direction
compared to matter particles.
The instrument searches for
antimatter was sensitive between
magnitude greater than the
original AMS which in June of 98
showed space discovery.
This could support the discovery
of antimatter pools which were
previously undetectable a key
factor in our ability to get the
most out is time.
Originally expected to have a
lifespan of three years the
instrument has continued to
perform into the eighth year of
operation aboard the laboratory.
In late 2019 in early 2020
astronauts conducted a series of
spacewalks to replace the
cooling pumps which were
failing.
Extending the life of the
instrument will provide
scientists more time in the
quest to unveil some of the
universe's greatest mysteries.
For more on scientific studies
being done done on and in the
space station go online.
For more information about the
origins of the universe, visit
science .-dot NASA.gov.
we are less than two weeks away
from marking the 20th
anniversary of the start of
continuous human presence on the
international space station.
A project designed to teach us
the things that we need to know
to explore out beyond the orbit
in the years to come in those
years are coming along very soon
as they worked to return
astronauts to the moon in just a
few years, when those future
astronauts explore the surface
of the moon they will be wearing
a brand-new spacesuit this is
the story of the exploration
mobility units, this soup which
will let astronauts explore like
never before.
>> A new era of exploration is
beginning NS is building on
experience in preparing to go
further.
Setting up a base camp around
them moon known as the gateway
exploring the surface of the
moon like never before in
preparing to one day go to Mars.
To accomplish all of this, they
will need a new spacesuit for
its astronauts.
One which is more flexible and
personable and durable than
anything ever made before.
Engineers are hard at work
designing, building and testing
this new suit making sure it is
up to the test for future
exploration.
Some of the greatest moments in
exploration have taken place
with a cumin in a spacesuit
whether it was a first journey
outside of the space craft or
mountainous moonscape's.
The spacesuit made it possible.
The act of sending a human
outside of the spacecraft is
called EVA.
>> This is an acronym which is
extra vehicular activity which
is what they know as a
spacewalks so whenever we take
them and we let them go outside
to do useful work in the vacuum
of space.
>> These suits are in use and
they were designed in the
1970s for space shuttle
missions.
They have been upgraded for work
on the international space
station and have served NASA
well.
>> In the past 20 years there
are spacewalks which we have
done and we have planned and
spacewalks for maintenance as it
breaks we could do spacewalks in
technology improves we upgrade
hardware or with the Hubble
space telescope we repair
scientific experience in order
to enable a science.
>> Those took place in
microgravity where micro --
where they float and use their
hands to move from place to
place but moon walkers will need
spacesuits that let them use
hands and feet.
Walking to destinations and
bending and reaching as they
explore.
For this new type of work they
have been testing prototype
suits culminating in a new suit
design.
>> This is exploration
extracurricular activity
mobility unit.
Exploration spacesuit so it is a
spacesuit as we move forward on
gateway missions in lunar
missions in we use all of that
to pass suits to Mars and
eventually you have to be very
independent and confident in
your hardware when you do a
mission that far away.
>> One of the most obvious
changes in the new suit is the
way astronauts get in and out of
it donning the current suit is
multi step of wriggling into the
upper torso and getting help
attaching space pants the new
generation spacesuit is a
hatchback where astronauts
simply slide in and out of the
one-piece body of that suit.
Another feature is the way the
astronauts are able to move
while wearing it.
Apollo astronauts learned they
had to hop to get around on the
moon.
The suit design sometimes made
it difficult for the astronauts
to work.
>> Okay.
We see that that one went all
the way in.
Engineers learn valuable
missions.
The improved design for the next
generation spacesuit will allow
astronauts to walk on the moon,
not hop.
Additionally astronauts
experience and improved range of
motion.
>> We really hope to have
improved mobility and comfort
along with reduced injury
potential and in like us to
provide the best tools that we
can provide in that we want to
be able to provide them the
ability to kneel down and pick
up rocks.
We want those to be very
reliable and durable so they use
a day after day and do not have
to do a lot of maintenance of it
while they complete their
mission so there are a lot of
aspects that improve that suit
that we will provide for that
lunar mission.
>> Improved mobility is not the
only feature they have been
working on.
The astronauts will also carry a
special backpack.
This has all of the interesting
parts to keep the crewmember
alive while on their spacewalks
so that it has oxygen as
pressurized gas, pressure rate
pressure regulators and then a
ventilation loop and water loop
we call a thermal loop which
provides carbon dioxide removal
from the breathing environment
and cooling for the crewmember
and the suit on board.
>> While this has been on
previous spacesuits, this
improved version will offer new
technology greater control of
the system for the astronaut and
longer life for each.
Allowing more exploration.
>> These are superfund places we
assembled the parts to build and
then we tested it is our
opportunity to find and fix
things we really want to see the
system flight and be useful and
help a person explore the moon
like the.
So that is a great job.
>> I want you to perform some of
these and understand how the
boot moves.
Testing continues underwater in
the neutral buoyancy lab.
The weightless environment of
space could be simulated.
>> Being able to test a suit in
microgravity allows us to make
it better and get.
>> From astronauts and other
instructors and trainers.
>> Could you reach all the way
across and use the cross
switches.
>> Yes it is really amazing.
I would say that this is
excellent.
I just need to get lower and
flatter.
Very good.
>> If this could happen in real
life, this is a spectacular
translation.
We are very lucky.
It is like a brand-new
spacecraft spacesuits are also
tested in the active response
gravity offload system.
>> So electronically they are
able to tune and asked her not
exactly to whatever gravity it
is we are practicing whether it
is microgravity lunar gravity or
any other.
The other nice thing is you get
the instructors and engineers
right next to the astronauts
helping them to figure out a
problem as they work through the
development of that and get that
real-time.
>> .
Spacesuit hardware is not the
only thing being tested on
earth.
This designs them.
>> Related to a engineer pieces.
So I went to look at it from the
side and make sure that their
performance both physically and
cognitively is going well.
So we went to look at things
like physical exertion cognitive
workload, injury risk and trying
to make sure they are not
impaired by the system any more
than they have to be.
>> They use virtual reality
technology motion capture and
other two said study what it
takes for humans to connect it.
>> What we do is bring actual no
kidding data to the table which
removes the opinions.
That is probably our primary
benefit for how we enhance the
community as we take a look at
this not from hardware or
operations first, we look first
at the human and to say what do
they need to be able to do to
get ready for the job.
>> All the work on the spacesuit
on earth is building up to the
ultimate test.
To fly it in space.
>> 'S who we are building a
flight unit of that and we will
launch it to the international
space station and we will do
this for a current spacesuit and
we go out in pairs and we have
them working together one in the
old suit and wanted the new and
we will test the functionality
environment which help us to
test a lot of those systems.
>> This will set the stage for
the future when they need to
perform a variety of missions
beyond the orbit.
>> Is a great example is the
gateway.
Even though it is in lunar orbit
it is microgravity which they
will be floating in space so we
could use a lot of those lessons
which we learned to do's
spacewalks on the great gateway
it is advantageous to use one
spacesuit at Gateway and on the
lunar surface.
>> For these on the moon, this
will give astronauts
unprecedented abilities as they
explore the surface.
>> This is the first time that
we are trying to bring a suit
which is optimized for human
performance and optimize for
exploration so you could
interact with the ground and
have the visibility that you
need to accomplish these tasks.
This will allow us the
flexibility to really do
exploration.
Get down on the surface and send
geologist to the surface and
really let them act like
geologists.
It is the first time in history
that a suit like this will have
been created and it is exciting
to be part of that.
To do what NASA was meant to do
and that means explanation.
We went to do this again and
better into Morant science and
stay longer get more out of it
and we have the technology to do
it now.
So we're really excited about
it.
>> With the new technology, new
design, greater mobility and
greater versatility and how it
could be used, the new
spacewalking suit is truly
tailored for the next generation
of space explorers.
If you wanted another look at
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