1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:13:42,755 [MUSIC PLAYING] 2 00:13:42,755 --> 00:14:22,194 [MUSIC PLAYING] 3 00:14:22,194 --> 00:14:28,801 Ignition sequence. 4 00:14:28,801 --> 00:14:34,807 [MUSIC PLAYING] 5 00:14:34,807 --> 00:14:37,509 Good morning and welcome to this 6 00:14:37,509 --> 00:14:39,912 view of the space station flight 7 00:14:39,912 --> 00:14:41,747 control room this team of 8 00:14:41,747 --> 00:14:43,782 specialists C2C is keeping an 9 00:14:43,782 --> 00:14:46,318 eye on the systems and is 10 00:14:46,318 --> 00:14:49,388 working with 64 crew as they 11 00:14:49,388 --> 00:14:50,789 kick kickoff the six-month 12 00:14:50,789 --> 00:14:52,424 mission. 13 00:14:52,424 --> 00:14:58,330 The commander and engineers said 14 00:14:58,330 --> 00:15:00,466 goodbye to three crewmates this 15 00:15:00,466 --> 00:15:02,668 week and kicked off their own 16 00:15:02,668 --> 00:15:04,470 scientific investigation which 17 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:06,238 will last into April of next 18 00:15:06,238 --> 00:15:12,444 year. 19 00:15:12,444 --> 00:15:14,880 Welcome. 20 00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:16,815 This week marks the beginning of 21 00:15:16,815 --> 00:15:19,051 exhibition 64. 22 00:15:19,051 --> 00:15:20,586 Two veteran international 23 00:15:20,586 --> 00:15:23,522 crewmembers have the laboratory 24 00:15:23,522 --> 00:15:26,659 during the traditional command 25 00:15:26,659 --> 00:15:28,727 ceremony the crew gathered 26 00:15:28,727 --> 00:15:31,764 together when 63 commander Chris 27 00:15:31,764 --> 00:15:33,932 Cassidy ceremonially handed 28 00:15:33,932 --> 00:15:40,105 control to survey. 29 00:15:40,105 --> 00:15:41,607 >> We have a small tradition 30 00:15:41,607 --> 00:15:43,108 where there is a key to the 31 00:15:43,108 --> 00:15:45,044 international space station and 32 00:15:45,044 --> 00:15:47,346 it is a tool that we use on the 33 00:15:47,346 --> 00:15:49,281 letters to open and close the 34 00:15:49,281 --> 00:15:51,283 latch latches and it symbolizes 35 00:15:51,283 --> 00:15:53,185 the camaraderie we have between 36 00:15:53,185 --> 00:15:56,055 all of the space agencies and 37 00:15:56,055 --> 00:15:58,057 survey it is with great pleasure 38 00:15:58,057 --> 00:15:59,825 and honor that I present this 39 00:15:59,825 --> 00:16:01,794 key in command of the 40 00:16:01,794 --> 00:16:03,262 international space station 41 00:16:03,262 --> 00:16:06,365 congratulations. 42 00:16:06,365 --> 00:16:07,800 >> He began the command on 43 00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:10,469 October 21st when Cassidy and 44 00:16:10,469 --> 00:16:13,872 engineers undocked from the 45 00:16:13,872 --> 00:16:15,140 station. 46 00:16:15,140 --> 00:16:17,843 They undocked from the module 47 00:16:17,843 --> 00:16:19,645 inside of the cruise ship and 48 00:16:19,645 --> 00:16:21,680 reentered the Earth's atmosphere 49 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:23,816 three hours later and parachuted 50 00:16:23,816 --> 00:16:26,085 to the landing and Kazakhstan 51 00:16:26,085 --> 00:16:28,554 bringing 196 day space mission 52 00:16:28,554 --> 00:16:29,855 to an end. 53 00:16:29,855 --> 00:16:31,123 This question comes from the 54 00:16:31,123 --> 00:16:33,158 middle school and students want 55 00:16:33,158 --> 00:16:35,160 to know if astronauts experience 56 00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:37,229 a language barrier while on 57 00:16:37,229 --> 00:16:38,664 board the international space 58 00:16:38,664 --> 00:16:40,399 station. 59 00:16:40,399 --> 00:16:42,935 >> A truly global endeavor they 60 00:16:42,935 --> 00:16:45,804 have hosted 240 people from 19 61 00:16:45,804 --> 00:16:47,573 countries in almost 3,000 62 00:16:47,573 --> 00:16:49,274 experiments with 4200 63 00:16:49,274 --> 00:16:51,009 researchers and more than 100 64 00:16:51,009 --> 00:16:52,611 countries. 65 00:16:52,611 --> 00:16:55,080 A variety of space crafts and 66 00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:57,015 differences in nationalities and 67 00:16:57,015 --> 00:16:58,117 culture as well as being 68 00:16:58,117 --> 00:16:59,885 isolated for months at a time on 69 00:16:59,885 --> 00:17:02,588 the international space Center. 70 00:17:02,588 --> 00:17:04,356 Before they travel into space, 71 00:17:04,356 --> 00:17:05,724 they are briefed on the cultural 72 00:17:05,724 --> 00:17:07,192 differences they may encounter 73 00:17:07,192 --> 00:17:08,394 with crew members from other 74 00:17:08,394 --> 00:17:09,428 countries. 75 00:17:09,428 --> 00:17:11,463 While English is the primary 76 00:17:11,463 --> 00:17:13,599 language, crews must also be 77 00:17:13,599 --> 00:17:14,800 proficient in the Russian 78 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:17,469 language. 79 00:17:17,469 --> 00:17:19,338 Keep asking your questions and 80 00:17:19,338 --> 00:17:36,021 we will see you next week. 81 00:17:36,021 --> 00:17:37,990 Chris Cassidy third trip to the 82 00:17:37,990 --> 00:17:39,525 international space station 83 00:17:39,525 --> 00:17:41,894 started last April on a launch 84 00:17:41,894 --> 00:17:44,229 pad in Kazakhstan and wrapped up 85 00:17:44,229 --> 00:17:45,664 a six-month mission with 86 00:17:45,664 --> 00:17:47,266 milestones for space 87 00:17:47,266 --> 00:17:49,268 explorations plus all his work 88 00:17:49,268 --> 00:17:51,503 on science experiments, helping 89 00:17:51,503 --> 00:17:53,639 benefit life back here on earth. 90 00:17:53,639 --> 00:17:54,740 This is a look at some of the 91 00:17:54,740 --> 00:17:56,341 science he enabled during his 92 00:17:56,341 --> 00:17:58,177 research Phil this day aboard 93 00:17:58,177 --> 00:18:00,779 the world-class laboratory in 94 00:18:00,779 --> 00:18:08,954 orbit. 95 00:18:08,954 --> 00:18:09,888 >> We have a lot of science 96 00:18:09,888 --> 00:18:18,163 going on today. 97 00:18:18,163 --> 00:18:19,598 The scientific team is in 98 00:18:19,598 --> 00:18:22,701 California and the control 99 00:18:22,701 --> 00:18:24,636 Center in Huntsville and we are 100 00:18:24,636 --> 00:18:25,437 a peer. 101 00:18:25,437 --> 00:18:29,141 It pretty cool stuff. 102 00:18:29,141 --> 00:18:35,013 >> Huntsville. 103 00:18:35,013 --> 00:18:36,315 >> We are recording this in the 104 00:18:36,315 --> 00:18:43,355 name of science. 105 00:18:43,355 --> 00:18:47,926 We are working with them at 106 00:18:47,926 --> 00:18:48,861 home. 107 00:18:48,861 --> 00:18:51,096 Let's go for it. 108 00:18:51,096 --> 00:18:52,998 >> Let's make sure the liquid is 109 00:18:52,998 --> 00:18:58,136 at the bottom. 110 00:18:58,136 --> 00:19:00,172 >> All of these things we are 111 00:19:00,172 --> 00:19:03,509 working on is applicable to us 112 00:19:03,509 --> 00:19:05,110 in some way and we are working 113 00:19:05,110 --> 00:19:07,779 on life support systems on the 114 00:19:07,779 --> 00:19:11,783 space station to keep us safe 115 00:19:11,783 --> 00:19:14,286 and that translates to health 116 00:19:14,286 --> 00:19:16,655 systems on earth as well. 117 00:19:16,655 --> 00:19:18,290 It is robust science that we 118 00:19:18,290 --> 00:19:19,424 have a beer. 119 00:19:19,424 --> 00:19:21,393 A lot of benefits are factored 120 00:19:21,393 --> 00:19:26,398 in. 121 00:19:26,398 --> 00:19:28,200 >> A busy day of science aboard 122 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:36,408 the space station. 123 00:19:36,408 --> 00:19:39,578 Exhibition 64 flight engineer is 124 00:19:39,578 --> 00:19:41,647 both a scientist and a NASA 125 00:19:41,647 --> 00:19:42,848 astronaut. 126 00:19:42,848 --> 00:19:44,116 And if there is no better place 127 00:19:44,116 --> 00:19:45,884 to be for someone with those two 128 00:19:45,884 --> 00:19:47,185 job titles than aboard the 129 00:19:47,185 --> 00:19:49,821 international space station. 130 00:19:49,821 --> 00:19:52,024 The microbiologist is being free 131 00:19:52,024 --> 00:19:53,725 from Earth's gravity makes this 132 00:19:53,725 --> 00:19:55,160 outpost the perfect place to 133 00:19:55,160 --> 00:20:04,036 conduct research. 134 00:20:04,036 --> 00:20:06,038 The reason that you would do any 135 00:20:06,038 --> 00:20:08,006 kind of experiment in space is 136 00:20:08,006 --> 00:20:09,508 if there is something particular 137 00:20:09,508 --> 00:20:11,777 about the space environment. 138 00:20:11,777 --> 00:20:16,048 Most often that is microgravity. 139 00:20:16,048 --> 00:20:18,483 So, but mostly, this gives us 140 00:20:18,483 --> 00:20:20,352 the ability to either do 141 00:20:20,352 --> 00:20:21,954 something that we cannot do in a 142 00:20:21,954 --> 00:20:24,790 facility on earth or investigate 143 00:20:24,790 --> 00:20:27,359 some phenomena and property in a 144 00:20:27,359 --> 00:20:29,595 way that we can't on earth so 145 00:20:29,595 --> 00:20:31,063 for example some of the tissue 146 00:20:31,063 --> 00:20:32,864 architecture is really delicate 147 00:20:32,864 --> 00:20:34,866 tissues and you start to build 148 00:20:34,866 --> 00:20:36,635 them up they would collapse 149 00:20:36,635 --> 00:20:38,570 because, you have gravity or the 150 00:20:38,570 --> 00:20:40,105 cells would naturally settle to 151 00:20:40,105 --> 00:20:41,974 the bottom of the plate. 152 00:20:41,974 --> 00:20:44,710 And so, you cannot study the 153 00:20:44,710 --> 00:20:46,111 answer to the question you are 154 00:20:46,111 --> 00:20:49,348 looking for, so they left us and 155 00:20:49,348 --> 00:20:51,450 that we have that ability to 156 00:20:51,450 --> 00:20:52,884 test with the effect of gravity 157 00:20:52,884 --> 00:20:54,353 is or remove that problem 158 00:20:54,353 --> 00:20:56,421 entirely from our experimental 159 00:20:56,421 --> 00:20:59,725 stuff. 160 00:20:59,725 --> 00:21:00,959 The space station is an 161 00:21:00,959 --> 00:21:02,861 incredible place to conduct 162 00:21:02,861 --> 00:21:04,863 research it was like being in 163 00:21:04,863 --> 00:21:06,531 the world's most amazing lab 164 00:21:06,531 --> 00:21:09,067 when I was up there in 2016. 165 00:21:09,067 --> 00:21:11,303 So when you are a scientific you 166 00:21:11,303 --> 00:21:12,904 are used to working on something 167 00:21:12,904 --> 00:21:14,606 over and over in refining the 168 00:21:14,606 --> 00:21:16,141 details on that over the course 169 00:21:16,141 --> 00:21:19,378 of a PhD or lab project. 170 00:21:19,378 --> 00:21:20,879 On space station you get 171 00:21:20,879 --> 00:21:23,548 something recredit-incredible 172 00:21:23,548 --> 00:21:24,716 product has two different 173 00:21:24,716 --> 00:21:25,717 fields. 174 00:21:25,717 --> 00:21:27,219 So for me it was a chance to 175 00:21:27,219 --> 00:21:28,587 learn about all these different 176 00:21:28,587 --> 00:21:30,355 areas of science and they each 177 00:21:30,355 --> 00:21:32,290 have a team behind them. 178 00:21:32,290 --> 00:21:34,559 So I was usually pretty excited 179 00:21:34,559 --> 00:21:36,895 to open the container and do 180 00:21:36,895 --> 00:21:38,363 whatever it experiment that they 181 00:21:38,363 --> 00:21:39,598 brought. 182 00:21:39,598 --> 00:21:41,333 I also had a chance to talk to 183 00:21:41,333 --> 00:21:43,902 those principal investigators 184 00:21:43,902 --> 00:21:46,872 and the scientific team and 185 00:21:46,872 --> 00:21:48,140 understand everything that was 186 00:21:48,140 --> 00:21:49,107 going on behind their 187 00:21:49,107 --> 00:21:50,542 experiments and read their 188 00:21:50,542 --> 00:21:55,547 papers. 189 00:21:55,547 --> 00:21:59,584 I was pretty excited to try 190 00:21:59,584 --> 00:22:00,552 this. 191 00:22:00,552 --> 00:22:02,921 It is amazing and it is 192 00:22:02,921 --> 00:22:04,790 incredibly fun so we are smiling 193 00:22:04,790 --> 00:22:11,830 all the time. 194 00:22:11,830 --> 00:22:14,633 I am a scientist and an 195 00:22:14,633 --> 00:22:32,918 astronaut. 196 00:22:32,918 --> 00:23:34,112 [MUSIC PLAYING] 197 00:23:34,112 --> 00:23:36,348 Right here looking out a window 198 00:23:36,348 --> 00:23:37,983 you really need the astronauts 199 00:23:37,983 --> 00:23:46,591 to go out into exploration. 200 00:23:46,591 --> 00:23:47,859 >> We are trying to provide the 201 00:23:47,859 --> 00:23:50,629 best tools that we can no matter 202 00:23:50,629 --> 00:23:53,698 where they go so these are 203 00:23:53,698 --> 00:23:56,401 exploration space suits. 204 00:23:56,401 --> 00:23:57,602 >> We can move naturally and 205 00:23:57,602 --> 00:24:00,806 fluidly and this will adapt to 206 00:24:00,806 --> 00:24:02,240 the system. 207 00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:03,441 >> It is like a brand-new 208 00:24:03,441 --> 00:24:07,779 spacecraft. 209 00:24:07,779 --> 00:24:10,348 It is very exciting. 210 00:24:10,348 --> 00:24:12,751 My career coincides with this 211 00:24:12,751 --> 00:24:14,653 great opportunity. 212 00:24:14,653 --> 00:24:17,289 I am so happy I am able to be 213 00:24:17,289 --> 00:24:29,835 here at this time. 214 00:24:29,835 --> 00:24:31,069 The laboratories at the 215 00:24:31,069 --> 00:24:32,370 international space station 216 00:24:32,370 --> 00:24:34,039 provide a home for dozens of 217 00:24:34,039 --> 00:24:36,241 experiments at a time in a wide 218 00:24:36,241 --> 00:24:37,709 range. 219 00:24:37,709 --> 00:24:38,777 But the outside of the space 220 00:24:38,777 --> 00:24:42,180 station connects research to it 221 00:24:42,180 --> 00:24:44,416 is an experiment which was 222 00:24:44,416 --> 00:24:46,618 recently put back into service 223 00:24:46,618 --> 00:24:48,720 after a series of spacewalks 224 00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:50,021 getting it back to work in 225 00:24:50,021 --> 00:24:51,756 searching for cosmic particles 226 00:24:51,756 --> 00:24:53,959 which originated in billions of 227 00:24:53,959 --> 00:24:55,727 light-years away. 228 00:24:55,727 --> 00:24:57,262 And which may hold the key to 229 00:24:57,262 --> 00:24:59,264 the origin and composition of 230 00:24:59,264 --> 00:25:08,139 the universe. 231 00:25:08,139 --> 00:25:09,507 There have been many wonders 232 00:25:09,507 --> 00:25:12,043 across the area but much is 233 00:25:12,043 --> 00:25:15,113 still shrouded in mystery and 234 00:25:15,113 --> 00:25:16,481 among those mysteries is the 235 00:25:16,481 --> 00:25:18,583 formation of our universe which 236 00:25:18,583 --> 00:25:20,051 should have revolted in a 237 00:25:20,051 --> 00:25:21,186 balance of matter and 238 00:25:21,186 --> 00:25:24,089 corresponding counter parts, 239 00:25:24,089 --> 00:25:25,790 antimatter. 240 00:25:25,790 --> 00:25:28,793 Much is expected to exist with 241 00:25:28,793 --> 00:25:30,028 dark matter which is not 242 00:25:30,028 --> 00:25:32,163 observed much of a cannot be 243 00:25:32,163 --> 00:25:34,566 found at all. 244 00:25:34,566 --> 00:25:36,234 Studying these particles 245 00:25:36,234 --> 00:25:37,969 originating from sources of 246 00:25:37,969 --> 00:25:39,804 billions of light-years away 247 00:25:39,804 --> 00:25:41,239 they hold the key to 248 00:25:41,239 --> 00:25:42,974 understanding the composition 249 00:25:42,974 --> 00:25:46,378 and the history of our universe. 250 00:25:46,378 --> 00:25:47,946 Welcome to the world of 251 00:25:47,946 --> 00:25:49,648 particles currently being 252 00:25:49,648 --> 00:25:52,550 explored by the the 253 00:25:52,550 --> 00:25:55,387 spectrometer. 254 00:25:55,387 --> 00:25:56,788 Installed on the international 255 00:25:56,788 --> 00:26:02,961 space station. 256 00:26:02,961 --> 00:26:09,100 Planets, stars, gas, dust, and 257 00:26:09,100 --> 00:26:11,102 we are able to observe across 258 00:26:11,102 --> 00:26:13,705 the universe is less than 5% of 259 00:26:13,705 --> 00:26:15,173 the total content throughout the 260 00:26:15,173 --> 00:26:16,808 universe. 261 00:26:16,808 --> 00:26:20,512 The other 95%, is dark. 262 00:26:20,512 --> 00:26:22,180 Dark matter as well as dark 263 00:26:22,180 --> 00:26:23,915 energy. 264 00:26:23,915 --> 00:26:25,684 Dark matter does not interact 265 00:26:25,684 --> 00:26:27,385 with or produce light as far as 266 00:26:27,385 --> 00:26:28,620 we know. 267 00:26:28,620 --> 00:26:30,455 It does not consist of normal 268 00:26:30,455 --> 00:26:32,257 matter or matter that could be 269 00:26:32,257 --> 00:26:33,925 observed directly. 270 00:26:33,925 --> 00:26:35,260 So how do you improve 271 00:26:35,260 --> 00:26:36,661 understanding of something that 272 00:26:36,661 --> 00:26:38,396 cannot be observed? 273 00:26:38,396 --> 00:26:40,632 One way is to look for evidence 274 00:26:40,632 --> 00:26:44,002 of the interaction occurred 275 00:26:44,002 --> 00:26:45,570 because the low, the program 276 00:26:45,570 --> 00:26:46,738 chief scientist at Johnson Space 277 00:26:46,738 --> 00:26:49,407 Center explains how that giant 278 00:26:49,407 --> 00:26:52,143 magnet is working to help 279 00:26:52,143 --> 00:26:54,946 scientists to test and modify 280 00:26:54,946 --> 00:26:57,115 the theories. 281 00:26:57,115 --> 00:26:59,351 Scientists are using for us to 282 00:26:59,351 --> 00:27:01,786 look at cosmic waves, charged 283 00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:03,154 particles that travel near the 284 00:27:03,154 --> 00:27:04,789 speed of light. 285 00:27:04,789 --> 00:27:08,259 AMS categorizes each cosmic ray 286 00:27:08,259 --> 00:27:10,362 looking at a high energy range 287 00:27:10,362 --> 00:27:11,730 to see whether or not that 288 00:27:11,730 --> 00:27:14,032 phenomenon which we can measure 289 00:27:14,032 --> 00:27:15,467 will account for all of those 290 00:27:15,467 --> 00:27:18,003 rays we are seeing. 291 00:27:18,003 --> 00:27:19,537 But if you see something in the 292 00:27:19,537 --> 00:27:21,806 spectrum that does not fit, this 293 00:27:21,806 --> 00:27:23,508 could be evidence of dark matter 294 00:27:23,508 --> 00:27:25,844 interactions. 295 00:27:25,844 --> 00:27:27,712 By studying cosmic rays, 296 00:27:27,712 --> 00:27:29,547 scientists are also able to 297 00:27:29,547 --> 00:27:31,916 search for antimatter. 298 00:27:31,916 --> 00:27:33,985 The Big Bang Theory of the 299 00:27:33,985 --> 00:27:36,454 universe requires 50/50 ratio of 300 00:27:36,454 --> 00:27:38,656 matter to antimatter. 301 00:27:38,656 --> 00:27:40,525 But to date the amount of 302 00:27:40,525 --> 00:27:42,460 antimatter found does not come 303 00:27:42,460 --> 00:27:45,730 close which is known to exist. 304 00:27:45,730 --> 00:27:48,133 He says, the goals of the 305 00:27:48,133 --> 00:27:50,235 mission is to detect antimatter 306 00:27:50,235 --> 00:27:52,070 and see if there are any large 307 00:27:52,070 --> 00:27:53,338 collections of it out there 308 00:27:53,338 --> 00:27:55,206 somewhere. 309 00:27:55,206 --> 00:27:56,841 When particles pass through that 310 00:27:56,841 --> 00:27:59,044 strong magnetic field produced 311 00:27:59,044 --> 00:28:02,947 by them the path of bends, they 312 00:28:02,947 --> 00:28:05,350 stand out because the path bends 313 00:28:05,350 --> 00:28:06,618 in the opposite direction 314 00:28:06,618 --> 00:28:09,587 compared to matter particles. 315 00:28:09,587 --> 00:28:10,855 The instrument searches for 316 00:28:10,855 --> 00:28:13,124 antimatter was sensitive between 317 00:28:13,124 --> 00:28:14,426 magnitude greater than the 318 00:28:14,426 --> 00:28:19,431 original AMS which in June of 98 319 00:28:19,431 --> 00:28:21,633 showed space discovery. 320 00:28:21,633 --> 00:28:22,934 This could support the discovery 321 00:28:22,934 --> 00:28:24,669 of antimatter pools which were 322 00:28:24,669 --> 00:28:28,406 previously undetectable a key 323 00:28:28,406 --> 00:28:30,275 factor in our ability to get the 324 00:28:30,275 --> 00:28:33,378 most out is time. 325 00:28:33,378 --> 00:28:35,013 Originally expected to have a 326 00:28:35,013 --> 00:28:37,115 lifespan of three years the 327 00:28:37,115 --> 00:28:38,616 instrument has continued to 328 00:28:38,616 --> 00:28:40,485 perform into the eighth year of 329 00:28:40,485 --> 00:28:44,022 operation aboard the laboratory. 330 00:28:44,022 --> 00:28:46,458 In late 2019 in early 2020 331 00:28:46,458 --> 00:28:48,359 astronauts conducted a series of 332 00:28:48,359 --> 00:28:50,061 spacewalks to replace the 333 00:28:50,061 --> 00:28:51,729 cooling pumps which were 334 00:28:51,729 --> 00:28:52,964 failing. 335 00:28:52,964 --> 00:28:54,399 Extending the life of the 336 00:28:54,399 --> 00:28:56,000 instrument will provide 337 00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:58,236 scientists more time in the 338 00:28:58,236 --> 00:28:59,571 quest to unveil some of the 339 00:28:59,571 --> 00:29:02,574 universe's greatest mysteries. 340 00:29:02,574 --> 00:29:04,375 For more on scientific studies 341 00:29:04,375 --> 00:29:06,578 being done done on and in the 342 00:29:06,578 --> 00:29:12,183 space station go online. 343 00:29:12,183 --> 00:29:13,885 For more information about the 344 00:29:13,885 --> 00:29:16,554 origins of the universe, visit 345 00:29:16,554 --> 00:29:32,303 science .-dot NASA.gov. 346 00:29:32,303 --> 00:29:34,105 we are less than two weeks away 347 00:29:34,105 --> 00:29:35,373 from marking the 20th 348 00:29:35,373 --> 00:29:37,108 anniversary of the start of 349 00:29:37,108 --> 00:29:38,943 continuous human presence on the 350 00:29:38,943 --> 00:29:41,346 international space station. 351 00:29:41,346 --> 00:29:43,148 A project designed to teach us 352 00:29:43,148 --> 00:29:44,516 the things that we need to know 353 00:29:44,516 --> 00:29:47,218 to explore out beyond the orbit 354 00:29:47,218 --> 00:29:49,053 in the years to come in those 355 00:29:49,053 --> 00:29:50,922 years are coming along very soon 356 00:29:50,922 --> 00:29:52,357 as they worked to return 357 00:29:52,357 --> 00:29:54,492 astronauts to the moon in just a 358 00:29:54,492 --> 00:29:56,628 few years, when those future 359 00:29:56,628 --> 00:29:58,363 astronauts explore the surface 360 00:29:58,363 --> 00:30:00,431 of the moon they will be wearing 361 00:30:00,431 --> 00:30:03,301 a brand-new spacesuit this is 362 00:30:03,301 --> 00:30:05,737 the story of the exploration 363 00:30:05,737 --> 00:30:09,874 mobility units, this soup which 364 00:30:09,874 --> 00:30:12,043 will let astronauts explore like 365 00:30:12,043 --> 00:30:18,316 never before. 366 00:30:18,316 --> 00:30:20,218 >> A new era of exploration is 367 00:30:20,218 --> 00:30:22,287 beginning NS is building on 368 00:30:22,287 --> 00:30:24,589 experience in preparing to go 369 00:30:24,589 --> 00:30:25,657 further. 370 00:30:25,657 --> 00:30:27,458 Setting up a base camp around 371 00:30:27,458 --> 00:30:29,494 them moon known as the gateway 372 00:30:29,494 --> 00:30:30,962 exploring the surface of the 373 00:30:30,962 --> 00:30:32,830 moon like never before in 374 00:30:32,830 --> 00:30:36,000 preparing to one day go to Mars. 375 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:38,002 To accomplish all of this, they 376 00:30:38,002 --> 00:30:40,104 will need a new spacesuit for 377 00:30:40,104 --> 00:30:41,673 its astronauts. 378 00:30:41,673 --> 00:30:43,408 One which is more flexible and 379 00:30:43,408 --> 00:30:45,443 personable and durable than 380 00:30:45,443 --> 00:30:47,645 anything ever made before. 381 00:30:47,645 --> 00:30:49,013 Engineers are hard at work 382 00:30:49,013 --> 00:30:51,082 designing, building and testing 383 00:30:51,082 --> 00:30:53,151 this new suit making sure it is 384 00:30:53,151 --> 00:30:54,419 up to the test for future 385 00:30:54,419 --> 00:31:05,763 exploration. 386 00:31:05,763 --> 00:31:07,232 Some of the greatest moments in 387 00:31:07,232 --> 00:31:09,067 exploration have taken place 388 00:31:09,067 --> 00:31:11,135 with a cumin in a spacesuit 389 00:31:11,135 --> 00:31:12,904 whether it was a first journey 390 00:31:12,904 --> 00:31:14,672 outside of the space craft or 391 00:31:14,672 --> 00:31:17,075 mountainous moonscape's. 392 00:31:17,075 --> 00:31:19,611 The spacesuit made it possible. 393 00:31:19,611 --> 00:31:21,379 The act of sending a human 394 00:31:21,379 --> 00:31:23,014 outside of the spacecraft is 395 00:31:23,014 --> 00:31:26,017 called EVA. 396 00:31:26,017 --> 00:31:27,785 >> This is an acronym which is 397 00:31:27,785 --> 00:31:29,587 extra vehicular activity which 398 00:31:29,587 --> 00:31:30,788 is what they know as a 399 00:31:30,788 --> 00:31:32,590 spacewalks so whenever we take 400 00:31:32,590 --> 00:31:34,192 them and we let them go outside 401 00:31:34,192 --> 00:31:36,594 to do useful work in the vacuum 402 00:31:36,594 --> 00:31:38,229 of space. 403 00:31:38,229 --> 00:31:40,365 >> These suits are in use and 404 00:31:40,365 --> 00:31:41,432 they were designed in the 405 00:31:41,432 --> 00:31:43,635 1970s for space shuttle 406 00:31:43,635 --> 00:31:45,169 missions. 407 00:31:45,169 --> 00:31:46,938 They have been upgraded for work 408 00:31:46,938 --> 00:31:48,139 on the international space 409 00:31:48,139 --> 00:31:50,341 station and have served NASA 410 00:31:50,341 --> 00:31:51,709 well. 411 00:31:51,709 --> 00:31:53,177 >> In the past 20 years there 412 00:31:53,177 --> 00:31:55,046 are spacewalks which we have 413 00:31:55,046 --> 00:31:56,381 done and we have planned and 414 00:31:56,381 --> 00:31:59,150 spacewalks for maintenance as it 415 00:31:59,150 --> 00:32:01,219 breaks we could do spacewalks in 416 00:32:01,219 --> 00:32:03,121 technology improves we upgrade 417 00:32:03,121 --> 00:32:04,722 hardware or with the Hubble 418 00:32:04,722 --> 00:32:07,358 space telescope we repair 419 00:32:07,358 --> 00:32:09,160 scientific experience in order 420 00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:11,329 to enable a science. 421 00:32:11,329 --> 00:32:12,263 >> Those took place in 422 00:32:12,263 --> 00:32:14,565 microgravity where micro -- 423 00:32:14,565 --> 00:32:15,967 where they float and use their 424 00:32:15,967 --> 00:32:17,835 hands to move from place to 425 00:32:17,835 --> 00:32:22,407 place but moon walkers will need 426 00:32:22,407 --> 00:32:23,941 spacesuits that let them use 427 00:32:23,941 --> 00:32:25,576 hands and feet. 428 00:32:25,576 --> 00:32:27,412 Walking to destinations and 429 00:32:27,412 --> 00:32:29,213 bending and reaching as they 430 00:32:29,213 --> 00:32:30,915 explore. 431 00:32:30,915 --> 00:32:32,317 For this new type of work they 432 00:32:32,317 --> 00:32:34,152 have been testing prototype 433 00:32:34,152 --> 00:32:37,221 suits culminating in a new suit 434 00:32:37,221 --> 00:32:40,258 design. 435 00:32:40,258 --> 00:32:41,693 >> This is exploration 436 00:32:41,693 --> 00:32:43,161 extracurricular activity 437 00:32:43,161 --> 00:32:44,929 mobility unit. 438 00:32:44,929 --> 00:32:47,832 Exploration spacesuit so it is a 439 00:32:47,832 --> 00:32:50,134 spacesuit as we move forward on 440 00:32:50,134 --> 00:32:52,203 gateway missions in lunar 441 00:32:52,203 --> 00:32:55,573 missions in we use all of that 442 00:32:55,573 --> 00:32:58,710 to pass suits to Mars and 443 00:32:58,710 --> 00:33:00,278 eventually you have to be very 444 00:33:00,278 --> 00:33:02,313 independent and confident in 445 00:33:02,313 --> 00:33:04,048 your hardware when you do a 446 00:33:04,048 --> 00:33:06,351 mission that far away. 447 00:33:06,351 --> 00:33:07,218 >> One of the most obvious 448 00:33:07,218 --> 00:33:09,020 changes in the new suit is the 449 00:33:09,020 --> 00:33:11,255 way astronauts get in and out of 450 00:33:11,255 --> 00:33:13,691 it donning the current suit is 451 00:33:13,691 --> 00:33:15,860 multi step of wriggling into the 452 00:33:15,860 --> 00:33:17,895 upper torso and getting help 453 00:33:17,895 --> 00:33:20,298 attaching space pants the new 454 00:33:20,298 --> 00:33:22,233 generation spacesuit is a 455 00:33:22,233 --> 00:33:24,302 hatchback where astronauts 456 00:33:24,302 --> 00:33:26,237 simply slide in and out of the 457 00:33:26,237 --> 00:33:30,875 one-piece body of that suit. 458 00:33:30,875 --> 00:33:32,844 Another feature is the way the 459 00:33:32,844 --> 00:33:34,545 astronauts are able to move 460 00:33:34,545 --> 00:33:36,280 while wearing it. 461 00:33:36,280 --> 00:33:38,383 Apollo astronauts learned they 462 00:33:38,383 --> 00:33:39,984 had to hop to get around on the 463 00:33:39,984 --> 00:33:41,352 moon. 464 00:33:41,352 --> 00:33:43,087 The suit design sometimes made 465 00:33:43,087 --> 00:33:44,789 it difficult for the astronauts 466 00:33:44,789 --> 00:33:50,094 to work. 467 00:33:50,094 --> 00:33:52,730 >> Okay. 468 00:33:52,730 --> 00:33:54,198 We see that that one went all 469 00:33:54,198 --> 00:34:10,314 the way in. 470 00:34:10,314 --> 00:34:12,350 Engineers learn valuable 471 00:34:12,350 --> 00:34:13,718 missions. 472 00:34:13,718 --> 00:34:15,086 The improved design for the next 473 00:34:15,086 --> 00:34:16,721 generation spacesuit will allow 474 00:34:16,721 --> 00:34:18,823 astronauts to walk on the moon, 475 00:34:18,823 --> 00:34:20,525 not hop. 476 00:34:20,525 --> 00:34:21,893 Additionally astronauts 477 00:34:21,893 --> 00:34:23,594 experience and improved range of 478 00:34:23,594 --> 00:34:27,932 motion. 479 00:34:27,932 --> 00:34:30,334 >> We really hope to have 480 00:34:30,334 --> 00:34:32,270 improved mobility and comfort 481 00:34:32,270 --> 00:34:33,638 along with reduced injury 482 00:34:33,638 --> 00:34:35,440 potential and in like us to 483 00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,508 provide the best tools that we 484 00:34:37,508 --> 00:34:39,811 can provide in that we want to 485 00:34:39,811 --> 00:34:41,312 be able to provide them the 486 00:34:41,312 --> 00:34:43,481 ability to kneel down and pick 487 00:34:43,481 --> 00:34:45,616 up rocks. 488 00:34:45,616 --> 00:34:47,018 We want those to be very 489 00:34:47,018 --> 00:34:49,387 reliable and durable so they use 490 00:34:49,387 --> 00:34:51,055 a day after day and do not have 491 00:34:51,055 --> 00:34:52,857 to do a lot of maintenance of it 492 00:34:52,857 --> 00:34:54,325 while they complete their 493 00:34:54,325 --> 00:34:56,260 mission so there are a lot of 494 00:34:56,260 --> 00:34:58,062 aspects that improve that suit 495 00:34:58,062 --> 00:34:59,497 that we will provide for that 496 00:34:59,497 --> 00:35:01,799 lunar mission. 497 00:35:01,799 --> 00:35:03,100 >> Improved mobility is not the 498 00:35:03,100 --> 00:35:04,235 only feature they have been 499 00:35:04,235 --> 00:35:05,837 working on. 500 00:35:05,837 --> 00:35:07,572 The astronauts will also carry a 501 00:35:07,572 --> 00:35:14,679 special backpack. 502 00:35:14,679 --> 00:35:16,280 This has all of the interesting 503 00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:17,648 parts to keep the crewmember 504 00:35:17,648 --> 00:35:19,484 alive while on their spacewalks 505 00:35:19,484 --> 00:35:22,653 so that it has oxygen as 506 00:35:22,653 --> 00:35:25,389 pressurized gas, pressure rate 507 00:35:25,389 --> 00:35:28,025 pressure regulators and then a 508 00:35:28,025 --> 00:35:29,994 ventilation loop and water loop 509 00:35:29,994 --> 00:35:31,596 we call a thermal loop which 510 00:35:31,596 --> 00:35:34,532 provides carbon dioxide removal 511 00:35:34,532 --> 00:35:36,400 from the breathing environment 512 00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:38,102 and cooling for the crewmember 513 00:35:38,102 --> 00:35:42,807 and the suit on board. 514 00:35:42,807 --> 00:35:43,808 >> While this has been on 515 00:35:43,808 --> 00:35:45,443 previous spacesuits, this 516 00:35:45,443 --> 00:35:47,011 improved version will offer new 517 00:35:47,011 --> 00:35:49,247 technology greater control of 518 00:35:49,247 --> 00:35:51,215 the system for the astronaut and 519 00:35:51,215 --> 00:35:53,351 longer life for each. 520 00:35:53,351 --> 00:35:56,787 Allowing more exploration. 521 00:35:56,787 --> 00:35:59,624 >> These are superfund places we 522 00:35:59,624 --> 00:36:02,627 assembled the parts to build and 523 00:36:02,627 --> 00:36:04,195 then we tested it is our 524 00:36:04,195 --> 00:36:06,264 opportunity to find and fix 525 00:36:06,264 --> 00:36:09,567 things we really want to see the 526 00:36:09,567 --> 00:36:11,469 system flight and be useful and 527 00:36:11,469 --> 00:36:15,373 help a person explore the moon 528 00:36:15,373 --> 00:36:17,441 like the. 529 00:36:17,441 --> 00:36:22,146 So that is a great job. 530 00:36:22,146 --> 00:36:23,581 >> I want you to perform some of 531 00:36:23,581 --> 00:36:25,816 these and understand how the 532 00:36:25,816 --> 00:36:28,920 boot moves. 533 00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:31,422 Testing continues underwater in 534 00:36:31,422 --> 00:36:34,158 the neutral buoyancy lab. 535 00:36:34,158 --> 00:36:35,526 The weightless environment of 536 00:36:35,526 --> 00:36:40,765 space could be simulated. 537 00:36:40,765 --> 00:36:43,568 >> Being able to test a suit in 538 00:36:43,568 --> 00:36:47,772 microgravity allows us to make 539 00:36:47,772 --> 00:36:49,407 it better and get. 540 00:36:49,407 --> 00:36:50,942 >> From astronauts and other 541 00:36:50,942 --> 00:36:53,611 instructors and trainers. 542 00:36:53,611 --> 00:36:54,545 >> Could you reach all the way 543 00:36:54,545 --> 00:36:58,649 across and use the cross 544 00:36:58,649 --> 00:36:59,850 switches. 545 00:36:59,850 --> 00:37:05,189 >> Yes it is really amazing. 546 00:37:05,189 --> 00:37:06,557 I would say that this is 547 00:37:06,557 --> 00:37:12,563 excellent. 548 00:37:12,563 --> 00:37:14,398 I just need to get lower and 549 00:37:14,398 --> 00:37:20,004 flatter. 550 00:37:20,004 --> 00:37:21,339 Very good. 551 00:37:21,339 --> 00:37:22,340 >> If this could happen in real 552 00:37:22,340 --> 00:37:24,241 life, this is a spectacular 553 00:37:24,241 --> 00:37:26,344 translation. 554 00:37:26,344 --> 00:37:29,580 We are very lucky. 555 00:37:29,580 --> 00:37:30,781 It is like a brand-new 556 00:37:30,781 --> 00:37:43,227 spacecraft spacesuits are also 557 00:37:43,227 --> 00:37:45,062 tested in the active response 558 00:37:45,062 --> 00:37:49,133 gravity offload system. 559 00:37:49,133 --> 00:37:51,569 >> So electronically they are 560 00:37:51,569 --> 00:37:53,738 able to tune and asked her not 561 00:37:53,738 --> 00:37:55,439 exactly to whatever gravity it 562 00:37:55,439 --> 00:37:57,141 is we are practicing whether it 563 00:37:57,141 --> 00:37:59,610 is microgravity lunar gravity or 564 00:37:59,610 --> 00:38:00,878 any other. 565 00:38:00,878 --> 00:38:02,380 The other nice thing is you get 566 00:38:02,380 --> 00:38:04,081 the instructors and engineers 567 00:38:04,081 --> 00:38:06,150 right next to the astronauts 568 00:38:06,150 --> 00:38:07,551 helping them to figure out a 569 00:38:07,551 --> 00:38:08,719 problem as they work through the 570 00:38:08,719 --> 00:38:12,189 development of that and get that 571 00:38:12,189 --> 00:38:13,157 real-time. 572 00:38:13,157 --> 00:38:14,558 >> . 573 00:38:14,558 --> 00:38:16,093 Spacesuit hardware is not the 574 00:38:16,093 --> 00:38:17,595 only thing being tested on 575 00:38:17,595 --> 00:38:23,134 earth. 576 00:38:23,134 --> 00:38:27,738 This designs them. 577 00:38:27,738 --> 00:38:33,778 >> Related to a engineer pieces. 578 00:38:33,778 --> 00:38:35,413 So I went to look at it from the 579 00:38:35,413 --> 00:38:37,481 side and make sure that their 580 00:38:37,481 --> 00:38:39,150 performance both physically and 581 00:38:39,150 --> 00:38:41,385 cognitively is going well. 582 00:38:41,385 --> 00:38:42,453 So we went to look at things 583 00:38:42,453 --> 00:38:44,288 like physical exertion cognitive 584 00:38:44,288 --> 00:38:48,592 workload, injury risk and trying 585 00:38:48,592 --> 00:38:49,860 to make sure they are not 586 00:38:49,860 --> 00:38:51,962 impaired by the system any more 587 00:38:51,962 --> 00:38:54,265 than they have to be. 588 00:38:54,265 --> 00:38:55,499 >> They use virtual reality 589 00:38:55,499 --> 00:38:57,568 technology motion capture and 590 00:38:57,568 --> 00:38:59,770 other two said study what it 591 00:38:59,770 --> 00:39:02,773 takes for humans to connect it. 592 00:39:02,773 --> 00:39:05,443 >> What we do is bring actual no 593 00:39:05,443 --> 00:39:07,978 kidding data to the table which 594 00:39:07,978 --> 00:39:10,114 removes the opinions. 595 00:39:10,114 --> 00:39:11,749 That is probably our primary 596 00:39:11,749 --> 00:39:13,884 benefit for how we enhance the 597 00:39:13,884 --> 00:39:15,753 community as we take a look at 598 00:39:15,753 --> 00:39:17,421 this not from hardware or 599 00:39:17,421 --> 00:39:19,623 operations first, we look first 600 00:39:19,623 --> 00:39:21,859 at the human and to say what do 601 00:39:21,859 --> 00:39:23,461 they need to be able to do to 602 00:39:23,461 --> 00:39:25,429 get ready for the job. 603 00:39:25,429 --> 00:39:26,831 >> All the work on the spacesuit 604 00:39:26,831 --> 00:39:28,299 on earth is building up to the 605 00:39:28,299 --> 00:39:29,934 ultimate test. 606 00:39:29,934 --> 00:39:33,237 To fly it in space. 607 00:39:33,237 --> 00:39:34,105 >> 'S who we are building a 608 00:39:34,105 --> 00:39:36,273 flight unit of that and we will 609 00:39:36,273 --> 00:39:37,675 launch it to the international 610 00:39:37,675 --> 00:39:39,910 space station and we will do 611 00:39:39,910 --> 00:39:44,615 this for a current spacesuit and 612 00:39:44,615 --> 00:39:46,083 we go out in pairs and we have 613 00:39:46,083 --> 00:39:48,018 them working together one in the 614 00:39:48,018 --> 00:39:49,520 old suit and wanted the new and 615 00:39:49,520 --> 00:39:52,890 we will test the functionality 616 00:39:52,890 --> 00:39:55,826 environment which help us to 617 00:39:55,826 --> 00:39:59,396 test a lot of those systems. 618 00:39:59,396 --> 00:40:01,198 >> This will set the stage for 619 00:40:01,198 --> 00:40:03,234 the future when they need to 620 00:40:03,234 --> 00:40:04,869 perform a variety of missions 621 00:40:04,869 --> 00:40:07,805 beyond the orbit. 622 00:40:07,805 --> 00:40:09,507 >> Is a great example is the 623 00:40:09,507 --> 00:40:10,975 gateway. 624 00:40:10,975 --> 00:40:13,377 Even though it is in lunar orbit 625 00:40:13,377 --> 00:40:16,113 it is microgravity which they 626 00:40:16,113 --> 00:40:17,748 will be floating in space so we 627 00:40:17,748 --> 00:40:19,250 could use a lot of those lessons 628 00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:21,552 which we learned to do's 629 00:40:21,552 --> 00:40:23,954 spacewalks on the great gateway 630 00:40:23,954 --> 00:40:26,023 it is advantageous to use one 631 00:40:26,023 --> 00:40:27,958 spacesuit at Gateway and on the 632 00:40:27,958 --> 00:40:32,897 lunar surface. 633 00:40:32,897 --> 00:40:35,099 >> For these on the moon, this 634 00:40:35,099 --> 00:40:36,133 will give astronauts 635 00:40:36,133 --> 00:40:38,536 unprecedented abilities as they 636 00:40:38,536 --> 00:40:41,605 explore the surface. 637 00:40:41,605 --> 00:40:42,640 >> This is the first time that 638 00:40:42,640 --> 00:40:44,942 we are trying to bring a suit 639 00:40:44,942 --> 00:40:46,443 which is optimized for human 640 00:40:46,443 --> 00:40:48,412 performance and optimize for 641 00:40:48,412 --> 00:40:49,814 exploration so you could 642 00:40:49,814 --> 00:40:51,482 interact with the ground and 643 00:40:51,482 --> 00:40:52,783 have the visibility that you 644 00:40:52,783 --> 00:40:56,153 need to accomplish these tasks. 645 00:40:56,153 --> 00:40:57,421 This will allow us the 646 00:40:57,421 --> 00:40:58,889 flexibility to really do 647 00:40:58,889 --> 00:41:00,591 exploration. 648 00:41:00,591 --> 00:41:02,226 Get down on the surface and send 649 00:41:02,226 --> 00:41:03,694 geologist to the surface and 650 00:41:03,694 --> 00:41:04,795 really let them act like 651 00:41:04,795 --> 00:41:06,831 geologists. 652 00:41:06,831 --> 00:41:07,965 It is the first time in history 653 00:41:07,965 --> 00:41:09,300 that a suit like this will have 654 00:41:09,300 --> 00:41:11,035 been created and it is exciting 655 00:41:11,035 --> 00:41:12,837 to be part of that. 656 00:41:12,837 --> 00:41:14,572 To do what NASA was meant to do 657 00:41:14,572 --> 00:41:24,949 and that means explanation. 658 00:41:24,949 --> 00:41:26,483 We went to do this again and 659 00:41:26,483 --> 00:41:28,352 better into Morant science and 660 00:41:28,352 --> 00:41:30,988 stay longer get more out of it 661 00:41:30,988 --> 00:41:32,456 and we have the technology to do 662 00:41:32,456 --> 00:41:33,490 it now. 663 00:41:33,490 --> 00:41:35,059 So we're really excited about 664 00:41:35,059 --> 00:41:35,893 it. 665 00:41:35,893 --> 00:41:37,895 >> With the new technology, new 666 00:41:37,895 --> 00:41:40,698 design, greater mobility and 667 00:41:40,698 --> 00:41:42,566 greater versatility and how it 668 00:41:42,566 --> 00:41:44,401 could be used, the new 669 00:41:44,401 --> 00:41:46,604 spacewalking suit is truly 670 00:41:46,604 --> 00:41:49,840 tailored for the next generation 671 00:41:49,840 --> 00:42:06,523 of space explorers. 672 00:42:06,523 --> 00:42:07,825 If you wanted another look at 673 00:42:07,825 --> 00:42:08,926 any of these stories that we 674 00:42:08,926 --> 00:42:09,994 feature today and you could 675 00:42:09,994 --> 00:42:13,631 always find them on Facebook and 676 00:42:13,631 --> 00:42:15,532 while you're there feel free to 677 00:42:15,532 --> 00:42:16,734 check out these cool things 678 00:42:16,734 --> 00:42:18,302 available about NASA and 679 00:42:18,302 --> 00:42:21,038 American human program. 680 00:42:21,038 --> 00:42:22,473 When you are interested in good 681 00:42:22,473 --> 00:42:24,208 conversation about human space 682 00:42:24,208 --> 00:42:26,777 exploration, the place to go is 683 00:42:26,777 --> 00:42:29,013 Houston, we have a podcast which 684 00:42:29,013 --> 00:42:30,681 is our weekly show where we talk 685 00:42:30,681 --> 00:42:32,249 to folks about their work in all 686 00:42:32,249 --> 00:42:34,985 aspects of space exploration. 687 00:42:34,985 --> 00:42:36,520 The new episodes go up every 688 00:42:36,520 --> 00:42:39,023 Friday and today, we get the 689 00:42:39,023 --> 00:42:41,926 inside story on the next crew 690 00:42:41,926 --> 00:42:42,993 Dragon mission to the 691 00:42:42,993 --> 00:42:44,895 international space station in a 692 00:42:44,895 --> 00:42:46,897 conversation with the lead 693 00:42:46,897 --> 00:42:48,866 flight director. 694 00:42:48,866 --> 00:42:51,969 Go online for this week's 695 00:42:51,969 --> 00:42:55,272 episode in all of our other 696 00:42:55,272 --> 00:42:57,341 episodes that is where you find 697 00:42:57,341 --> 00:42:59,410 the full library of all of them 698 00:42:59,410 --> 00:43:01,645 and also find them all on Apple 699 00:43:01,645 --> 00:43:03,981 podcast and Google podcast and 700 00:43:03,981 --> 00:43:13,991 sound pad.