>>> IGNITION SEQUENCE START.
>>> GOOD MORNING, WELCOME TO
THIS VIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION FLIGHT CONTROL
ROOM.
THERE IS ALWAYS A TEAM OF
SPECIALIST ON DUTY TO KEEP WATCH
OVER THE SYSTEMS OF THE SPACE
STATION AND HELP OUT CREW
MEMBERS WORKING ON SCIENCE
OPERATIONS AND SPACE STATION
UPKEEP.
COMMANDER SERGEI HAD A FULL
AGENDA INSIDE THE STATION AFTER
THEY RETURNED FROM A SHORT TRIP
AROUND THE NEIGHBORHOOD IN A
LATE MODEL SOYUZ ALMOST ONE WEEK
AGO.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.
I'M SANDRA JONES.
AFTER COMPLETING A QUICK SOYUZ
TRIP THEY ARE BACK ON THE SPACE
STATION COMPLETING SCIENCE
INVESTIGATION AND MAINTENANCE.
ON FRIDAY, MARCH 19 THE CREW
MEMBERS THAT ARRIVED IN OCTOBER
HOPPED IN THEIR SOYUZ VEHICLE.
THE CREW WASN'T CLEARED TO
RETURN HOME JUST YET.
THEY WERE RELOCATING THEIR SOYUZ
MS 17 VEHICLE TO THE MOIST
MODULE TO MAKE WAY FOR THE APRIL
ARRIVAL OF ANOTHER SOYUZ
OFFICIAL.
THEY WOULD LIKE THE SOYUZ
MISSION TO DOCK WITH THE MODULE
AND PREPARE FOR A SPACEWALK
LATER THIS YEAR.
A RELOCATION WAS REQUIRED.
ON EARTH, THE CREW THAT WILL FLY
TO THE STATION ABROAD THE MS 18
MISSION ARE BUSY PREPARING FOR
THEIR UPCOMING LAUNCH.
NASA ASTRONAUT MARK AND OLEG OF
THE RUSSIAN SPACE STATION WILL
LAUNCH ON FRIDAY APRIL 9th.
THEY HAVE BEEN COMPLETING FINAL
CREW TRAINING AT THE TRAINING
CENTER IN RUSSIA IN PREPARATION
FOR THEIR UPCOMING SPACEFLIGHT.
SEVENTH THROUGH 12th GRADE
STUDENTS THIS IS YOUR CHANCE TO
CREATE AN EXPERIENCE TO GO UP
NEXT YEAR.
THEY ARE ACCEPTING SUMISSIONS
FROM STUDENTS.
THE WINNER WILL TRAVEL TO THE
SPACE STATION IN FLORIDA.
THAT'S SPACE TO GROUND FOR THIS
WEEK.
WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
>> SANDRA MENTIONED THIS YEAR
SPACE CHALLENGE. SUMISSIONS
FROM JUNIOR HIGH AND HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS ARE DUE IN TWO WEEKS.
FOR THOSE INTERESTED JOIN ME FOR
A TRIP BACK IN TIME 6 YEARS TO
WHEN THE WINNING EXPERIMENT WAS
DESIGNED AND SENT TO THE SPACE
STATION.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>> WHEN I WAS FOUR I TOLD MY
MOTHER I'D BEEN AN ASTRONAUT.
I SAID IF I'M AN ASTRONAUT I
DON'T WANT TO BE SICK.
THIS IS THE MINI PCR MACHINE
DESIGNED BY PCR.
THE CHAIN REACTION SO DNA
AMPHICATION.
>> THIS IS ONBOARD THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
I'D LIKE TO CONGRATULATE YOU ON
CREATING YOUR EFFECTS ON
MICROGRAVITY ON THE BODY'S
IMMUNE SYSTEM.
>> WHEN YOU ARE IN SPACE YOU GET
A MUCH MORE DOMINANT PROTOTYPE.
IT DEGREECES YOUR CELLS AND
HAMPERS YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM.
>> WHILE ON THE SUBJECT STUDENT
SUPPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION THIS IS A LOOK AT
STUDENTS FROM THE HOUSTON AREA
THAT DESIGNED AND USED A TOOL
DURING THE SPACEWALK TO RESTORE
THE ALPHA MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER.
>>> ONE PRIORITY OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM IS TO
LEARN ABOUT HOW LIVING IN SPACE
EFFECTS THE HUMAN BODY.
SHORTLY BEFORE SHE CAME HOME 2
YEARS AGO ANN AND HER CREW MATES
FINISHED WITH THE DATA GATHERING
ON THE AIRWAY MONITORING
EXPERIENCE.
THIS WILL EXAMINE INHALED
BREATHE FOR INFLAMMATION.
THIS IS PART OF THE DATA USED
FOR THE DESIGN OF NEW
SPACESHIPS.
>> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION IS AN ORBITING
LABORATORY.
WE ANSWER BIG QUESTIONS ABOUT
EARTH, SPACE, WHERE WE CAME FROM
AND GOING.
WE LOOK AT AIRWAY INFLAMMATION
UP IN SPACE.
WHEN WE BREATHE THE AIR THE
PARTICLES DON'T FALL TO THE
GROUND WE INHALE MORE FINE
PARTICLES WE MEASURE NITRIC
OXIDE UNDERSTANDING HOW OUR BODY
REACTS TO THE AIR.
THE MOON DUST IS A FINE
PARTICLE.
IT'S LIKE A POWDERED SUGAR.
WE ARE BREATHING THAT FOR MONTHS
ON END.
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW THAT
EFFECTS THE HUMAN BODY.
>> IN MORE THAN 20 YEARS MORE
THAN 3,000 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED.
>> JUST LAST YEAR THAT INCLUDED
EVERYTHING FROM GROWING RADISHES
TO CAPTURING 360-DEGREE VIDEO
FOOTAGE OF LIFE ON THE STATION.
HAVE A LOOK AT HIGHLIGHTS OF
RECENT RESEARCH BENEFITING
PEOPLE ON EARTH AND HELPING US
TO EXPLORE FARTHER INTO SPACE.
>>> LABORATORIES AT THE SPACE
STATION ARE NOT THE ONLY PLACES
IN THE VEHICLE WERE SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH TAKES PLACE.
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF
EXPERIMENTS INCLUDING THE TOTAL
AND SPECTRAL RADIATION.
THAT CONTINUES THE WORK TO
GATHER DATA AND RESEARCH THE
EARTH'S CLIMATE.
>> FOLLOW THE SUN.
THIS IS PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT
NASA THE SUN INSPIRES SONGS,
WARMS US, AND FOOD.
LIFE ON LAND AND THE OCEANS AND
LONG-TERM CLIMATE PATTERNS
HAPPEN BECAUSE OF THE ENERGY
RECEIVE FROM THE CLOSEST STAR.
TINY VARIATIONS COULD EFFECT THE
WORKINGS OF OUR PLANET
ATMOSPHERE.
THEY USE INSTRUMENTS TO FOLLOW
THE SUN AND LOOK AT THE AMOUNT
COMING TO US.
THE TOTAL AND SPECTRAL SENSOR
MAKES THOSE MEASUREMENTS WITH
UNPRECEDENTED ACCURACY.
THEY GATHER INFORMATION FROM
ONBOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION OR ISS.
FLYING ON THE PLATFORM PROVIDED
ALLOWS THEM TO CONTINUE THE
40-YEAR-OLD RECORD.
ONE OF THE LONGEST RECORDS
GATHERED FROM SPACE.
OVER THE PAST SEVERAL DECADES
EARTH'S ICE MASS DIMINISHED.
SEA LEVELS HAVE RISEN.
DROUGHT AND PRECIPITATION
PATTERNS HAVE CHANGED AND
GROWING SEASONS HAVE SHIFTED.
>> DO UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES
INCLUDING HUMAN INFLUENCES AND
THE MODELS USE SIMULATE THE
EARTH'S CLIMATE.
CLIMATE REMAINS STEADY.
AN IN BALANCE MEANS ENERGY IS
STORED IN THE SYSTEM CAUSING
TEMPERATURE INCREASES OR LOSS
CAUSING TEMPERATURE DECREASES.
ENERGY FROM THE SUN MAKES UP
HALF OF THE BALANCE EQUATION.
THE SUN'S SOLAR ENERGY OUTPUT
HASN'T HAD A MAYOR INPUT THAT
OUTPUT MOST BE MONITORED
CONTINUOUSLY.
THAT'S THE MOST IMPORTANT
VARIABLE TO UNDERSTAND CLIMATE.
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND CLIMATE
WITHOUT MEASURING THE SUN'S
INPUT IS TRYING TO BALANCE YOUR
CHECKBOOK WITHOUT KNOWING YOUR
INCOME.
CLIMATE MEASURES OVER
SENTRIES -- CENTURIES.
UNLIKE WEATHER THAT CHANGES OVER
SMALL-SCALES.
CONTINUITY AND ACCURACY ARE KEY.
THEY HAVE TWO SENSORS.
THE TOTAL RADIANCE MONITOR
MEASURES ALL OF THE RADIATION
FROM THE SUN.
THE SECOND SENSOR MEASURES HOW
IT'S SPREAD OVER WAVE LENGTHS.
THIS HELPS THEM UNDERSTAND WHERE
SOLAR ENERGY IS BEING ABSORBED.
THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE SUN'S
ULTRA VIOLENT RADIATION IS IN
THE OZONE LAYER.
THIS WILL HEAT THE STRATOSPHERE
AND DRIVES CHANGES THAT COULD
PROPAGATE DOWN TO THE LOWER
ATMOSPHERE AND IMPACT CLIMATE.
SO MANY FACTORS IMPACT THE
EARTH'S CLIMATE.
WE MUST CONTINUE TO LEARN HOW
THEY ALL INTERACT.
THEY ARE HELPING US CHARACTERIZE
THE SUN'S BEHAVIOR.
FOR MORE SCIENCE GO TO
NASA.GOV/ISS-SCIENCE.
TO
TO.
CONTINUE TO FOLLOW OUR CLOSEST
RESEARCH VISIT SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>>> ALONG WITH ASSISTING WITH
EXPERIMENTS AND THE OCCASIONAL
ROBOTIC ARM OPERATIONS AND OTHER
DUTIES.
ASTRONAUTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION DEVOTE THEIR TIME
TO HELP STUDENTS STUDYING
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING
AND MATH.
WE'LL SHOW YOU HOW TO MAKEUP
WATER MOLECULES IN SPACE.
>> WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
I'M NASA ASTRONAUT RICKY ARNOLD.
OUR VIEW IS ABSOLUTELY
MAGNIFICENT.
WE REALIZED WE SHOULD CALL IT
PLANET OCEAN.
WE ARE MOSTLY A WATER PLANET.
WATER OCCURS IN ALL THREE
PHRASES SOLID, LIQUID, AND GAS.
WITHIN OUR OWN SOLAR SYSTEM WE
WONDER ABOUT THE THERE IS LIFE
THERE TOO.
WHY IS WATER SO SPECIAL?
ONE REASON IS SURFACE TENSION.
WHAT IS SURFACE TENSION?
LET'S HAVE A LOOK.
SURFACE TENSION IS A PROPERTY OF
LIQUID WERE MOLECULES ARE
ATTRACTED TO EACH OTHER.
WATER IS UNIQUE AND A HIGH
SURFACE TENSION COMPARED TO
OTHER LIQUIDS.
THIS IS DO TO POLAR PROPERTY.
THE HYDROGEN END AND OXYGEN END
THEY TEND TO STICK.
ATWATER SURFACE THE MOLECULES
ARE ATTRACTED TO THE WATER
MOLECULES BELOW THERE IS ONLY
AIR ABOVE THE MOLECULES.
THIS BODY OF WATER IS PULLED
DOWN CREATING A STABLE
ENVIRONMENT.
THAT'S WHY THE WATER STRIDER CAN
WALK-ON THE SURFACE OF WATER.
HERE ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION A MICROGRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT MAKES IT EASY TO
SHOW HOW THEY USE SURFACE
TENSION TO STICK TOGETHER.
WE RELY ON SURFACE TENSION TO
WASH OUR HAIR.
THOSE THAT HAVE A LOT.
THANK YOU FOR COMING ALONG TODAY
AND LEARNING ABOUT SURFACE
TENSION.
ABOUT THE YOU WOULD LIKE TO
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE UNIQUE
PROPERTIES OF WATER, TRYOUT THE
ACTIVITY RELATED TO THE VIDEO AT
THE DEMONSTRATION WEBSITE.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
>>> THERE HAVE BANK 64
EXPEDITIONS SINCE THE YEAR 2000
WITH MORE TO COME.
ALL OF THEM WORKED TO ACHIEVE
SCIENTIFIC GOALS FOR THE NEXT
STEP-IN EXPLORATION.
TO RETURN TO THE MOON AND ADD TO
THE SOLAR SYSTEM TO MARS.
THEY ARE BUILDING THE SYSTEMS
RIGHT NOW THAT WILL TAKE US TO
OUR NEXT MISSION.
>> WE PIONEERED THE PATHS OF THE
WORLD.
WE BLAZED THROUGH SCIENCE AND
SHOWED US ALL.
TODAY OUR CALL TO EXPLORE IS
EVEN GREATER.
TO GO FARTHER WE MUST SUSTAIN
MISSIONS OF GREATER DISTANCE AND
JURATION.
WE MUST USE THE RESOURCES WE
FIND IN OUR DESTINATION.
WE MUST OVERCOME RADIATION.
THIS PUSHES THE BOUNDS OF
HUMANITY.
STAY BY 2024 THIS IS BEYOND
EARTH'S GRAVITY.
>> THIS IS THE MOST POWERFUL
ROCKETS EVERY PRODUCED.
IT'S CAPABLE OF BEING THE CAT
LIST FOR DEEP SPACE MISSION.
>> WE ARE LAUNCHING THROUGH DEEP
SPACE.
>> WE'LL HEAD BACK TO EARTH.
>> FOR THIS WE BUILT ORION.
THIS IS THE NEXT GENERATION
SPACE CAP ACTUAL.
>> WE CONTINUE TO REVEAL
RESOURCES.
WE ARE DEVELOPING A ENTIRELY NEW
APPROACH USING OUR PARTNERS
DELIVER SCIENCE INFORMATION AND
DATA TO THE SURFACE WE ARE
PAVING THE WAY FOR HUMAN
MISSIONS.
WILLIAMS MUST GO QUICKLY AND
RETURN IN A MANNER THAT'S
DIFFERENT WE WOULD LIKE THEM TO
LAND ANYWHERE ON THE SURFACE.
WE WANT TO GIVE THEM A PLATFORM.
>> AN ORBITING PLATFORM TO HOST
DEEP SPACEX PRANCE.
WE CALL THIS OUT POST GATEWAY.
>> IT CAN BE MOVED BETWEEN
ORBITZ.
>> IT WILL BALANCE BETWEEN THE
ETHER'S AND MOON'S GRAVITY.
>> THIS IS FOR LAUNCHING DEEPER
SPACE MISSIONS.
>> WE LEARNED THE MOON CONTAINED
MILLIONS OF TONS OF WATER ICE.
>> THIS ICE CAN BE EXTRACTED AND
PURIFIED FOR WATER.
>> THE MOON IS UNIQUELY SUITED
TO PROPEL AND PREPARE US TO MARS
AND BEYOND.
>> THIS IS WHAT WE ARE BUILDING.
THIS IS WHAT WE CAN REPLICATE
THROUGHOUT THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
THIS IS OUR NEXT MISSION.
>> WE GO FOR HUMANITY WE GO TO
SEEK KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
AFTER SHARING IT WITH ALL.
WE GO KNOWING OUR EFFORTS WILL
CREATE OPPORTUNITIES THAT CANNOT
BE FORESEEN.
WE ARE DECEMBER TEN TO EXPLORE
WITH OUR OWN EYES.
WE TURN TOWARDS THE MOON NOW,
NOT AS A CONCLUSION BUT
PREPARATION.
THIS IS FOR ALL THAT LIES
BEYOND.
OUR GREATEST ADVENTURES REMAIN
AHEAD OF US.
WE ARE GOING.
>> WE ARE GOING.
>> WE'RE GOING.
>> AN EXPEDITION DOESN'T JUST
LEAD TO ADVANCES ON SCIENCE IT
COULD CAUSE CHANGES TO THE
SCIENTIST THAT WORK THERE.
ABOUTING IN SPACE WAS BETTER
THAN THE DREAM SHE HADASSAH
LITTLE GIRL ABOUT BEING AN
ASTRONAUT.
THE FEELING OF LOOKING DOWN ON
THE WHOLE WORLD TOOK TIME TO
PROCESS.
>> IN FIRST GRADE WHEN ASKED TO
DRAW A PICTURE OF WHAT WE WANTED
TO BE.
DRAWING THE PICTURE ON THE MOON
IN THE SPACE SUIT NEXT TO THE
FLAG ON THE MOON.
THAT'S WHAT I DREW THEN.
I WANTED TO BE AN ASTRONAUT.
>> I KNEW I WAS GOING TO BE
EXCITED BEING IN SPACE.
IT WAS MY LIFELONG DREAM AND I
KNEW IT WOULD MAKE ME HAPPY.
EVEN I DIDN'T EXPECT HOW
INCREDIBLE IT FELT.
I SAID THAT A LOT TO PEOPLE.
IT'S MORE INCREDIBLE THAN
IMAGINED.
I REALLY MEANT IT.
I THOUGHT ABOUT IT AND KNEW IT
WOULD BE THE MOST EXTRA ORDINARY
EXPERIENCE OF MY LIFE.
I WASN'T PREPARED FOR HOW I
FELT.
THE LEVEL OF EXCITEMENT AND JUST
PURE JOY I FELT ALL OF THE TIME
IN THAT ENVIRONMENT.
I REALLY FELT LIKE I WAS HOME.
I FELT LIKE THAT WAS WHERE I
SHOULD BE.
I DON'T THINK I STOPPED MILING
FOR THE ENTIRE SEVEN MONTHS.
I WOULD FIND MYSELF THINKING HOW
CAN THIS BE REAL.
THE FLOATING ABOVE THE PLANET
AND LOOKING DOWN ON IT.
AFTER SEVEN MONTHS AND KNOWING
HOW TO GET THERE I WORKED FOR MY
ENTIRE LIFE.
IT'S HARD TO CONVINCE MYSELF
THAT'S HAPPENING.
WOW, THIS IS REALLY, I'M UP HERE
FLOATING ABOVE THE EARTH.
WHEN YOU ARE IN THE SPACE
STATION THERE ARE STARS ALL
AROUND YOU AND YOU CAN FEEL IT
THAT WAY.
THAT'S A GOOD WAY TO DESCRIBE
IT.
IT'S MORE THREE-DIMENSIONAL.
YOU GAS OFF INTO IT.
IT'S REALLY EXTRA ORDINARY TO
THINK ABOUT THE SCALE AND LOOK
AT THE EARTH AND REALIZE WE ARE
A SMALL COMPONENT OF THAT.
THIS IS WHAT DRIVEN ME SINCE I
WAS 5 YEARS OLD.
WHAT IT WOULD BE LIKE TO HAVE
THAT FEELING AND LOOK BACK ON
THE PLANET AND YOU ARE NOT
THERE.
THAT'S THE PLACE, THE ONE PLACE
WERE EVERYTHING HAPPENED IN YOUR
LIFE AND EVERYTHING HAPPENED
DURING THE HISTORY OF THE
SPECIES.
EVERYTHING YOU HAVE DONE AND
HAVE BEEN IS DOWN THERE AND YOU
ARE SEPARATE FROM THAT.
IT ACTUALLY DOES FEEL DIFFERENT
LOOKING AT EARTH THROUGH YOUR
HELMET VISOR VERSUS OUT THE
WINDOW.
I THINK, THE COLORS ARE MORE
VIBRANT AND I THINK, ALSO,
MENTALLY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY
REALIZING THERE IS NOTHING
BETWEEN THE BACK OF SPACEX
SEPTEMBER THIS SUIT AND VISOR.
THERE IS NOTHING BETWEEN YOU AND
IT.
YOU ARE OUT IN YOUR OWN
SPACECRAFT.
IT HAS THE LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEM
AND EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO BE
KEPT ALIVE.
IT'S JUST YOU.
YOU HAVE THIS CONSENSUS OF BEING
BY YOURSELF IN THIS ENVIRONMENT
WITH YOUR OWN LIFE-SUPPORT
SYSTEM.
I LOVE THAT FEELING.
I'M NOT SURE WHAT IT IS BUT I
FEEL PEACEFUL AND RELAXED.
IN THE SUIT YOU ARE LOOKING DOWN
AND SEEING THE EARTH FROM ABOVE,
FROM THE OUTSIDE WITH YOUR OWN
HUMAN EYES.
IT CHANGES YOU AS A PERSON.
WHEN YOU LOOK BACKHAND IN THE
BLACKNESS DEVOID OF NICOLE
LIQUOR STORE AND SUDDENLY THERE
IS A BLUE GLOWING MARBLE DOWN
THERE.
IT'S EASY TO SEE WE ARE ALL IN
IT TOGETHER.
YOU DON'T SEE THE MANMADE
BOUNDARIES WE IMPOSED UPON
OURSELVES AS HUMANS.
YOU DON'T SEE THAT FROM SPACE
AND FEEL THE CONSENSUS OF
COMMONALITY MORE AND UNITES US
ALL AND WE ARE ALL HUMAN.
>> IF YOU WOULD LIKE ANOTHER
LOOK AT ANY OF THE STORIES WE
SHOWED YOU TODAY FIND THEM ON
YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK.
WE HAVE A LOT OF OTHER GREAT
FUTURES.
BE SURE TO LOOK AROUND.
IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR A GOOD
CONVERSATION ABOUT HUMAN
SPACEFLIGHT CHECK OUT HOUSTON WE
HAVE A SPACECRAFT.
WE TALK ABOUT ALL AREAS OF SPACE
EXPLORATION.
WE'LL TALK ABOUT A FUTURE WE
DON'T HAVE YET.
THIS IS THE FORMER HEAD OF
NASA'S HUMAN RESEARCH PROGRAM
DR. BILL.
HE WILL TALK ABOUT ARTIFICIAL
GRAVITY.
HEAD TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST FOR
THIS WEEKS EPISODE AND PREVIOUS
EPISODES.
WE ALSO HAVE A FULL LIBRARY OF
PODCAST.
YOU CAN FIND THEM ON NASA
PODCAST, GOOGLE PODCAST, AND
SOUND CLOUD.