>> IGNITION SEQUENCE TIME.
>> GOOD MORNING.
THIS IS THE VIEW INSIDE THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM AT NASA'S
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER WHERE THERE
ARE IS ALWAYS A TEAM OF
SPECIALISTS ON DUTY MONITORING
THE HEALTH OF THE SPACE SYSTEMS
AND SCIENCE SUPPORT AND STATION
MAINTENANCE.
THIS WEEK THAT AGENDA FOR
COMMANDER AND HIS EXPEDITION
CREW MATES HAVE INCLUDED
CAPTURING, BERTHING AND
UNLOADING A NEW SUPPLY SHIP
WHILE GETTING READY FOR THE
FOURTH SPACEWALK COMING UP THIS
WEEKEND.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.
THIS WEEK, A SUPPLY CARGO
ARRIVED AT THE SPACE STATION,
AND ASTRONAUTS PREPARED OUTSIDE
THE HATCH FOR A SPACEWALK.
ON MONDAY, NORTHROP GRUM MONDAY
RESUPPLY VEHICLE NAMED THE SS
CATHERINE JOHNSON ARRIVED AT THE
SPACE STATION CARRYING FOUR
TIMES CARGO AND CREW SUPPLIES.
THE LAUNCH FROM THE FLIGHT
FACILITY ON SATURDAY,
FEBRUARY 20TH AND WAS CAPTURED
BY THE STATION'S ROBOTIC ARM.
AND THEN INSTALLED THE STATION'S
NORTH SIDE.
IT HELPS US BETTER UNDERSTAND
MUSCLE WEAKENING FROM GRAVITY.
STUDYING THE ARTIFICIAL RETINAS
IN SPACE, AND A RADIATION
DETECTION SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR
THE ORION SPACECRAFT AND
CERTIFIED FOR USE ON ARTEMIS
MISSION.
ON SUNDAY, TWO SPACEWALKERS WILL
BE WORKING FOR UPGRADES.
THEY'LL WORK TOGETHER TO BEGIN
ASSEMBLING AND INFRAING SOLAR
ARRAY UPGRADES.
THE CURRENT SET ARE SHOWING
SIGNS OF DEGRADATION, WHICH WAS
EXPECTED.
SOLAR ARRAYS ARE EXPECTED DURING
THREE RESUPPLY MISSIONS DURING
LATER THIS YEAR.
EACH NEW ARRAY WILL PRODUCE
20 KILOWATTS OF ELECTRICITY.
YOU CAN CONDITION WATCHING THE
SPACEWALK ON NASA TV.
LIVE COVERAGE.
THAT'S SPACE TO GROUND THIS
WEEK.
THANKS FOR WATCHING.
KEEP SENDING IN YOUR QUESTIONS.
WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
>> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION IS A LABORATORY IN SPACE
WHERE SCIENTISTS CAN MOVE
WITHOUT GRAVITY IN A WAY THEY
CAN'T DO ON EARTH.
RESEARCHERS ARE WORKING TO LEARN
HOW SURFACE TENSION AND FLOW CAN
BE HARNESSED TO IMPROVE SYSTEMS
TO MOVE FLUIDS IN MICRO GRAVITY.
>> FOR FUTURE MISSIONS LIKE WHEN
WE GO BACK TO THE MOON AND THEN
THE SOLAR SYSTEM, BIO MINING
COULD OFFER A WAY FOR CREWS TO
OBTAIN NEEDED MATERIALS ON OTHER
PLAN TORE BODIES.
BUT ROCKS ACT DIFFERENTLY.
STUDYING HOW MICROBES GROW ON
AND HOW THEY ALTER PLANETARY
ROCKS IN MICRO GRAVITY AND THE
SIMULATED MARTIAN GRAVITY.
>> MINING IN THE UNIVERSE FOR
MICROBES.
MICROBES GROWING ON THE SURFACE
OF ROCKS CAN BREAK THEM DOWN TO
EXTRACT USEFUL METALS.
THIS IS A PROCESS CALLED BIO
MINING.
AS WE EXPLORE SPACE WE'RE
SEEKING TO USE BIO MINING TO
TURN ROCK INTO SOIL FROM GROWING
PLANTS AND FOOD.
BUT BEFORE WE CAN USE THIS
TECHNIQUE IN PLANETARY
SEDIMENTS, WE NEED TO FIRST TEST
IT IN SPACE.
ON THE SPACE STATION BIO
REACTORS WILL BE PLACED INSIDE A
CENTRIFUGE WHERE MICROBES GROW
ON ROCKS.
INVESTIGATORS BEHAVE AND
EVALUATE HOW WELL MICROBES
EXTRACT ELEMENTS FROM THE ROCK.
THE FINDINGS WILL BE COMPARED TO
GROUND-BASED RESULTS.
HOW WE MIGHT USE THEM IN OUR
EXPLORATION OF DEEP SPACE.
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
SERVES AS A ONE-OF-A-KIND
PLATFORM FOR SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCHER TAKING ADVANTAGE OF
THE MICRO GRAVITY EXPERIMENTS.
THAT INCLUDES EXPERIMENTS IN
AUTOMATIC REFRIGERATOR, THAT IN
THEORY THE THERMAL ACTIVITY OF
THE ATOMS COMES TO A STOP.
COOL SCIENCE ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA.
INSIDE THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION IS CALLED A COLD ATOM
LAB AND IT CAN REFRIGERATE
MATTER ONE-BILLIONS.
AT THIS TEMPERATURES, ATOMS
START TO MOVE VERY SLOWLY.
AND CAL PROJECT SCIENTISTS OR
JPL.
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE ATOMS BOUNCE
OFF EACH OTHER IN ALL
DIRECTIONS.
BUT THEY'LL SLOW DOWN A MILLION
FOLD AND CONDENSE INTO UNIQUE
STATES OF QUANTUM MATTER.
CAL IS A MULTI USER FACILITY
THAT SUPPORTS MANY INVESTIGATORS
STUDYING A BROAD RANGE OF
TOPICS.
ERIC CORNELL, A PHYSICIST AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO WILL BE
LEADING, AND PARTICLES INTERACT
WITH ONE ANOTHER.
THIS RESULTS IN A LOW DENSITY
FLUFFY MOLECULE THAT QUICKLY
FALLS APART UNLESS IT IS KEPT
EXTREMELY COLD.
HOW IS PARTICLE BEHAVIOR
AFFECTED AS MORE PARTICLES ARE
INTRODUCED.
HOW WILL THEY ACT AT THE SAME
TIME.
THE WAY ATOMS BEHAVE IN THIS
STATE GETS VERY COMPLEX AND
SURPRISING AND COUNTER
INTUITIVE.
THAT'S WHY WE'RE DOING THIS.
CORNELL SHARED THE 2001 NOBEL
PRIZE IN PHYSICS FOR CREATING A
STATE OF QUANTUM MATTER THAT CAN
BE STUDIED INSIDE CAL.
THEY ARE ESSENTIALLY BLOBS OF
QUANTUM MATTER THAT LOOK AND
BEHAVE LIKE WAVES.
IN THE FREE FALL OF SPACE THEY
CAN MOLD THEIR WAVES LIKE FORMS
FOR FIVE TO TEN SECONDS MUCH
LONGER THAN ON EARTH, AND
PROVIDING RESEARCHERS AN WINDOW
QUANTUM MECHANICS.
ONE OF THE BIGGEST QUESTIONS IS
HOW THOSE TWO WORK TOGETHER.
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
PHYSICIST NICK BIGELOW ALONG
WITH COLLEAGUES PLAN TO TUESDAY
CAL TO TEST EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF
RELATIVELY WHICH HOLDS THAT
ACCELERATION CANNOT BE
DISTINGUISHED EXPERIMENTALLY.
AND GALILEO'S EXPERIMENT
DROPPING CANON BALLS OFF THE
LEANING PIZA BUT IN SPACE
INSTEAD.
THIS WILL ALLOW RESEARCHERS TO
PRECISELY FIGURE OUT THE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOW THE
ATOMS ACCELERATE.
THIS EXPERIMENT MAY REVEAL HOW
GRAVITY AND SPACE TIME ARE WOULD
HAVEN THROUGH THE QUANTUM REALM.
JASON WILLIAMS ALSO PLANS TO USE
TWO ATOM MOLECULES FOR PRECISION
GRAVITY TEST.
MANY MORE EXPERIMENTS ARE
PLANNED FOR THIS COOL NEW
LABORATORY, AND NO ONE KNOWS
WHERE THEY'LL LEAD.
FOR CAL WE'RE ENTERING THE
UNKNOWN.
FOR MORE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION VISIT
WWW.NASA.GOV/STATION.
STAYTUNETOSCIENCEDOTNASA.GOV .
>> FLIGHT ENGINEER KATE RUBENS
IS AN ASTRONAUT.
BEING FREE FROM EARTH'S GRAVITY
MAKES THIS OUTPOST THE PERFECT
PLACE TO CONDUCT RESEARCH.
>> THE REASON YOU WOULD DO ANY
KIND OF EXPERIMENT IN SPACE IS
IF THERE IS SOMETHING PARTICULAR
ABOUT THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT.
MOST BOSTON THAT IS MICRO
GRAVITY.
SO MOSTLY THE ISS GIVES US THE
ABILITY TO EITHER DO SOMETHING
THAT WE CAN'T DO FROM A FACILITY
ON EARTH.
THE TISSUE ARCHITECTURE, AS YOU
BUILD THEM UP, THEY WOULD
COLLAPSE BECAUSE OF GRAVITY OR
THEY WOULD SETTLE AT THE BOTTOM
OF THE PLATE.
SO YOU JUST CAN'T STUDY THE
ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS YOU'RE
LOOKING FOR.
THE TEST LAB HAS THE ABILITY TO
TEST WHAT GRAVITY IS OR REMOVE
IT ENTIRELY FROM OUR
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP.
THE SPACE STATION IS AN
INCREDIBLE PLACE TO CONDUCT
RESEARCH.
IT IS SORT OF BEING LIKE IN THE
WORLD'S MOST AMAZING LAB WHEN I
WAS UP THERE IN 2016.
WHEN YOU'RE A SCIENTIST YOU'RE
USED TO WORKING ON ONE THING
OVER AND OVER AND THEN REPINING
THE DETAILS OVER THE COURSE OF A
Ph.D PROJECT OR LAB ROG.
THIS IS PRETTY EXCITING TO OPEN
THE CONTAINER AND SEE WHATEVER
EXPERIMENT THEY BROUGHT.
I ALSO REALLY GOT A CHANCE TO
TALK TO THOSE P.I.s, PRINCIPLE
INVESTIGATORS AND THE SCIENTIFIC
TEAM AND UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING
THAT WAS GOING ON.
SO BY THE TIME I GOT TO THE
EXPERIMENT I WAS PRETTY EXCITED.
SCIENCE IN SPACE IS AN AMAZING
LAB AND INCREDIBLY FUN.
SO WE'RE SMILING ALL THE TIME.
I'M KATE RUBENS.
I'M A SCIENTIST AND AN
ASTRONAUT.
>> WHEN YOU LOOK UP AT THE
BRIGHT SKY.
YOU NOTICE THAT THE MOON APPEARS
TO CHANGE SHAPE FROM NIGHT
TONIGHT.
THOSE DIFFERENT SHAPES WE SEE AT
DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE MONTH ARE
ON THE MOON'S FACES.
ON THIS DEMONSTRATION VIDEO,
ASTRONAUTS SPRAIN WHERE THE
PHASES OF THE MOON OCCUR AS THEY
DO.
>> HI THERE.
I'M ANN McCLAIN.
I'M AN ASTRONAUT WHO HAS LIVED
AND WORKED 250 MILES ABOVE THE
ART'S SURFACE AT THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
TODAY WE'RE GOING TO TURN OUR
EYES TO THE MOON AND SEE WHAT
CAUSES THE MOON PHASES.
BEFORE WE LOOK AT THE MOON
PHASES LET'S LOOK AT WHERE THE
MOON AND SUN ARE.
ON EARTH YOU'RE 250 MILES FROM
THE STATION.
THE MOON IS LOCATED
238,855 MILES ON AVERAGE FROM
EARTH.
YOU CAN FIT 30 EARTHS IN THAT
DISTANCE.
WHEN YOU LOOK AT HOW FAR AWAY
YOU ARE, VERSUS HOW FAR AWAY THE
MOON IS, THE STATION IS FURTHER
AWAY FROM THE MOON AND WE ARE ON
EARTH.
IT'S 250 MILES AWAY.
THE MOON IS 238,855 MILES AWAY.
AND THE SUN IS APPROXIMATELY
92,900,000 MILES AWAY.
THAT'S QUITE A DISTANCE.
NOW THAT YOU KNOW WHERE YOU ARE
RELATIVE TO THE STATION, MOON,
AND THE SUN, LET'S TALK ABOUT
THE MOON FACES.
WHEN YOU'RE LOOKING UP AT THE
MOON FROM THE EARTH, YOU'LL
NOTICE THAT IT LOOKS DIFFERENT
FROM DAY-TO-DAY.
WE CALL THESE THE PHASES THE
MOON AND THEY CYCLE THROUGH
EVERY 0 DAYS.
LET'S LOOK AT THE MOON PHASES
HERE ON THE GROUND.
THIS IS GOING TO BE EARTH
VIEWING THE MOON AS YOU WOULD
FROM YOUR HOME.
THE BALL IN YOUR HAND WILL
REPRESENT THE MOON AND THE LIGHT
SOURCE IS GOING TO BE OUR SUN.
KEEP IN MIND WHITE THE MOON IS
ORBITING EARTH, EARTH IS
ROTATING ON ITS AXIS
AND/OR--ORBITING THE SUN.
AS YOU CAN SEE IN THE
PHOTOGRAPHS FROM EARTH'S VIEW,
THE REFLECTION OF SUNLIGHT LOOKS
QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THIS ANGLE.
SINCE WE'RE ONLY ABLE TO SEE
PARTS OF THE REFLECT THE
SUNLIGHT AS THE MOON MOVES
AROUND EARTH.
THE MOON ORBITS AROUND EARTH
EVERY 30 DAYS.
THERE ARE NAMES FOR EACH OF THE
MOON'S 30-DAY CYCLE.
WHEN IT LOOKS VERY DARK WE'RE
EXPERIENCING A NEW MOON.
THIS IS THE 30-DAY CYCLE.
THE FIRST QUARTER MOON.
FROM THERE WE'LL SEE IT WAXING
UNTIL THE MOON APPEARS FULLY
ILLUMINATED.
THIS IS WHAT WE CALL A FULL
MOON.
THEN THE MOON WILL GO FROM A
WANING QUARTER FACE TO A THIRD
QUARTER MOON.
AFTER THE THIRD QUARTER MOON IT
WILL BECOME A WANING CRESCENT.
WE SEE THE SAME MOON FACES AS WE
DO ON EARTH'S SURFACE.
SINCE IT IS ONLY 250 MILES
CLOSER TO THE MOON THAN WE ARE
ON THE GROUND, ASTRONAUTS
CURRENTLY ON THE SPACE STATION
USE THE MOON'S PHASES TO COLLECT
RESOURCE THAT WILL HELP NASA
WITH THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM AS WE
LOOK FORWARD TO GO TO THE MOON
WITH OUR ASTRONAUTS IN 2024.
TAKE A GLANCE AT THE MOON.
ARE YOU INTERESTED IN SEEING THE
SPACE STATION TO FLY BY WELL.
THANKS FOR LEARNING WITH ME
TODAY.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
>> TEACH HUMANKIND WHAT WE NEED
TO DO TO BE ABLE TO EXPLORE
FURTHER AWAY FROM EARTH IN THE
YEARS TO COME.
THAT KNOWLEDGE IS FUELING THE
ARTEMIS PROGRAM AND IT'S EFFORTS
TO RETURN ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON
IN A FEW SHORT YEARS.
THERE IS GREAT PROGRESS BEING
MADE ALL OVER THE COUNTRY IN
GETTING THE HARDWARE READY.
HERE'S AN UPDATE.
♪
>> THE FACT THAT MOST OF THE
MEMBERS OF THE EXPEDITION 64
CREW HAVE BEEN TO THE SPACE
STATION BEFORE DOESN'T MEAN THAT
THEY DON'T STILL GET A THRILL
WHEN THEY LOOK DOWN ON THE
PANORAMIC VIEW OF EARTH.
FORMER CREW MEMBER TJ WHO IS NOW
A SPACE STATION FLIGHT DIRECTOR,
THE IMPACT OF THE FIRST VIEWS OF
THE NATURAL WONDERS OF EARTH
250 MILES UP.
>> I THINK WHAT YOU GET, JUST
HOW AWESOME THE UNIVERSE AND HOW
TINY EACH OF US ARE IN THE GRAND
SCHEME OF EVERYONE EXISTS.
REALIZING HOW OVERWHELMINGLY
HUGE THE EARTH IS, HOW
OVERWHELMINGLY THE PHYSICS
DOMINATES WHAT WE'RE DOING, AND
WE'RE LIVING IN THIS SOURCE OF
GALAXY, UNIVERSITY, THAT YOU
KNOW THIS IS SOME PLACE KIND OF
SPECIAL.
>> TO BE PART OF THE MISSION, TO
BE PART OF THE MISSION THAT GOES
EXPLORING SPACE INTO THIS
VASTNESS IS SIMPLY--WHAT AN
HONOR--ALMOST MIND CHANGING.
MIND CHANGING BECAUSE WE HAVE
BUSINESSES.
WE HAVE MISSIONS HERE.
THEY GET UP THERE AND THE
VASTNESS THAT YOU'RE EXPLORING.
WOW, THERE IS JUST SO MANY
QUESTIONS.
SO MUCH FOR US TO DO.
SO MUCH FOR US TO BE ABLE TO
HELP OUR BROTHERS AND SISTERS.
>> WE HAVE A SPECIAL OPPORTUNITY
TON SPACE STATION BECAUSE OF THE
ARRANGEMENTS TO GET IMMERSED
INTO THE IMAGERY.
PATAGONIA, FOR INSTANCE, IS A
BEAUTIFUL RICH ENVIRONMENT OF
EARTH TONES, THE GLACIERS, THE
WATERS.
IT'S SO PICTURESQUE THAT YOU
THINK YOU WANT TO GO VISIT THAT
PLACE.
FOR INSTANCE, YOU'RE GOING IN,
AND OH, I BET WE'RE CLOSE TO THE
PYRAMIDS.
THEN YOU GO TO THE WINDOW TO SEE
IF YOU'RE CLOSE TO THE PYRAMIDS
TO BE ABLE TO SAY WOW, WE'RE
ABLE TO SEE THE EARTH LIVING AND
TO SEE IT FROM SUCH A VANTAGE
POINT.
>> IT'S ALL TROUBLES WHILE WE
WERE UP THERE.
THE NUMBER OF HURRICANES OR
CYCLONES OCCURRED WHILE WE WERE
UP THERE.
YOU KNOW THERE IS A TON OF
ENERGY, AND YOU KNOW ITS HEADING
TOWARDS POPULATED AREAS.
IT'S NOT BEAUTIFUL AT THAT
POINT.
IT'S UTTER RESPECT.
IT'S WHAT YOU WOULD CATEGORIZE
IT.
I GET VISITED BY THREE SPACE
SHUTTLES.
I WOULD BRING THEM ONE AT A
TIME.
TELL THEM TO CLOSE THEIR EYES.
OPEN UP ALL THE WINDOWS.
THE SHUTTERS AND THE WINDOWS AND
TELL THEM TO OPEN UP THEIR EYES.
IN THAT INSTANT WHEN YOU'RE
OVERWHELMED, WHEN YOUR EYES SEE
NOTHING BUT THE BEAUTY OF EVERY
SINGLE BROUGHT IN THERE IT IS
HEART STOPPING.
IT IS BREATHTAKING.
>> IF YOU WANT ANOTHER LOOK AT
ANY OF THE STORIES WE FEATURED
TODAY, YOU CAN ALWAYS FIND THEM
ON YouTube AND FACEBOOK WHERE
YOU'LL ALSO FIND LOTS OF OTHER
GREAT FEATURES ON A WIDE VARIETY
OF NASA TOPICS.
BE SURE TO LOOK AROUND.
IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR GOOD
CONVERSATION ABOUT HUMAN SPACE
FLIGHT, CHECK OUT "HOUSTON, WE
HAVE A PODCAST" TALKING ABOUT
ALL AREAS OF SPACE EXPLORATION.
WE BRING YOU THE FIRST OF THE
PANEL OF DISCUSSIONS, KICKING
OFF THE SERIES WITH A TALK WITH
THE MEMBERS OF EXPEDITION ONE.
THE MEN WHO KICKED OFF THE
PERMANENT HUMAN PRESENCE IN
SPACE IN LATE 2000.
GO TO NASA.GOV , AND ALL OF OUR
PREVIOUS EPISODES.
AND A LIBRARY OF POD CASTS.