>> IGNITION SEQUENCE START.
>>> GOOD MORNING, THIS IS A LOOK
INSIDE THE FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM
AT NASA'S JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.
THEY ARE MONITOR IT FORKING THE
STATIONS SYSTEMS AND CREW
MEMBERS AS THEY WORK THROUGH THE
LAST FEW HOURS OF THEIR REGULAR
WORKWEEK.
COMMANDER CHRIS CASSIDY AND
FLIGHT ENGINEER HAVE BEEN
FOCUSED ON MAINTENANCE AND
SCIENCE OPERATIONS THIS WEEK
WHILE GETTING A JAPANESE CARGO
SHIP READY FOR DEPARTURE.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO CROWNED.
WE ARE WORKING ON THE EXPERIMENT
THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH
SLEEPING.
THE REACTOR EXPERIMENT STUDIES
HOW GAS AND THIN LIQUID BEHAVE
THROUGH MEDIA LIKE GLASS.
THEY USE THIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE
RECOVERY SYSTEM, FUEL CELLS, AND
OTHER EQUIPMENT.
NONE OF THEM CAN HANDLE GAS.
BY STUDYING THE HYDRODYNAMICS
SCIENTIST ARE HOPEFUL THIS WILL
LEAD TO MORE EFFICIENT.
THIS ALSO HELPS PREPARE US FOR
FUTURE AETEMIS MISSIONS TO THE
MOON AND MARS.
NEXT WEEK, YOU CAN WATCH LIVE AS
IT LAST SPACECRAFT OF IT'S
GENERATION DESCENDS FROM THE
PURCH ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION.
THEY WILL DEPART ON TUESDAY,
AUGUST 18th.
STATION COMMANDER CHRIS CASSIDY
WILL RELEASE THE VEHICLE FOR A
FIERY REENTRY INTO THE EARTH'S
ATMOSPHERE.
THEY DELIVERED MORE THAN 40-TON
OF SUPPLY INCLUDING THE NEW
LITHIUM ION BATTERY.
THEY ARE DEVELOPING A NEW
GENERATION OF CARGO CRAFTS.
LIVE COVERAGE ON NASA TV BEGINS
AT 1:00 P.M.
THIS WEEKS QUESTION COMES FROM
MONICA.
THEY WOULD LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT
THE BOOKLET LEFT ON THE
SPACECRAFT.
THAT'S THE CHECKLIST AND IT FITS
OVER THE SPACE BOOK.
IT CONTAINS CONSISTENCY RESPONSE
IF SOMETHING HAPPENS.
THEY CAN ALSO ADD THEIR OWN
NOTES OR MESSAGES KEEP SENDING
IN YOUR QUESTIONS USING THE
HASHTAG ASK NASA, SEE YOU NEXT
WEEK.
>> EXPERIMENTS BEING DONE COVER
MANY SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES.
THIS IS MORE THAN 5 MILLION
PEOPLE EFFECTED BY PARKINSON'S
ADDRESS.
THEY MAY HOLD IMPORTANT
INSIGHTS.
SERENITY WALKS US THROUGH WHAT
THAT WAS LIKE.
>> WELCOME TO EXPEDITION.
THIS IS ALEX HERE WITH ME AND
WORKING ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE.
WE ARE LOCKING AT PROTEIN
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE.
THIS IS BECAUSE THE PROTEIN
CRYSTALS GROW LARGER.
SCIENTIST ARE CONSTANTLY
SEARCHING FOR A CUE.
WE DISCOVERED HERE IN THE
MICROGRAVITY WILL CLARIFY THE
STRUCTURE AND BETTER ABLE
DESERVE DEVELOP A DRUG FOR
PARKINSON.
NOT ONLY AN INHIBITOR DRUG BUT
WITH FEW SIDE EFFECTS.
WHAT ALEX IS DOING TODAY HE'S
WORKING ON THE WALL WHAT SEEMS
LIKE MICROGRAVITY.
HE HAS A MICROSCOPE ABOVE HIM
AND PLATE WITH THE SPECIAL
PROTEIN CRYSTAL STRUCTURE JUST A
FEW DAYS AGO.
IT'S TIME FOR THE STRUCTURES TO
CRYSTALLIZE AND EXAMINING THEM
UNDERSTOOD A MICROSCOPE AND
LOOKING AT THEM IN REALTIME TO
IMPROVE THE LIGHTNING AND
CLARITY AND TAKE FOES THAT WILL
BE SENT BACK DOWN TO THE GROUND.
HERE ABOARD EXPEDITION 57 WE ARE
PROUD TO TAKE PART IN THIS
EXPERIMENT.
THEY REALIZE THE MICROGRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT IS A GREAT
ENVIRONMENT TO GROW CELLS AND
PROTEIN CRYSTALS.
WE CAN GROW THINGS IN A NEW WAY
AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THESE
EXPERIMENTS.
>> WHETHER IN SPACE OR EARTH YOU
HAVE TRILLIONS OF MICROORGANISMS
LIVING ON OR INSIDE YOUR BODY.
THEY OUT NUMBER YOUR CELLS 5 TO
1. BECAUSE OF THAT, ONE STUDY
ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION IS LOOKING INTO HOW
SPACE LIFE MIGHT CHANGE THE
MICROORGANISMS AND WHAT THAT
COULD MEAN FOR OUR BODIES
INTERNAL SYSTEMS.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>> THERE ARE SEVERAL STUDIES
UNDERWAY TO HELP HUMANS FOR
FUTURE MISSIONS.
SCIENTISTS ARE BUSY EXPLORING
WAYS TO PROVIDE THEM WITH THE
NUTRITION THEY WILL NEED TO STAY
HEALTHY WHEN THE TIME COMES FROM
THEM TO LEAVE THE HOME PLANET ON
JOURNEYS THAT COULD LAST FOR
YEARS.
>> A SUCCESSFUL MISSION STARTS
WITH NUTRITION.
PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA.
SENTRIES AGO LARGE WOODEN SHIPS
EXPLORED THE SEVEN SEAS.
OFTEN A SHIP THAT BEGINS IT'S
VOYAGE WITH A CREW OF 100 COULD
RETURN WITH TENS.
THE SILENT KILLER IS SCURVY.
THEY EXPOSE THEM TO TOXIC LEVELS
OF VITAMIN A.
SENTRIES TAUGHT US THERE IS A
VITAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
MISSIONS AND BALANCED NUTRITION.
NO MORE IS THAT LESS THAN VITAL
THAN THE EXTREME VASTNESS OF
OUTER SPACE.
SCOTT SMITH NOTES WE ARE
STUDYING ABROAD THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION BY
TRACKING WHAT THEY EAT AND HOW
THEIR BODY MASS THIS WILL IMPACT
THE DIETARY INTAKE.
IT COULD LEAD TO BONE AND MUSCLE
LOSS, CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS.
IT'S ALSO STABLE.
THERE IS NO REFRIGERATOR,
FREEZER OR FOOD.
WE ARE LUCKY DELIVER FRESH
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.
THINK ABOUT THE FIRST HUMAN TRIP
TO MARS AND BACK.
THIS MIGHT TAKE 30 MONTHS OR
MORE.
HOW DO WE MAINTAIN OPTIMAL
NUTRITION FOR ASTRONAUTS OVER
THAT MUCH TIME.
THE CHALLENGE IS CLEAR.
IN SPACE, THE ENVIRONMENT
IMPACTS THEIR NUTRITIONAL NEEDS.
ASTRONAUTS HAVE HIGHER RADIATION
EXPOSURE, CARBON MONOXIDE
EXPOSURE THAT COULD HAVE AN
EFFECT ON THEIR HEALTH.
HAVING A BALANCED DIET COULD
HELP COUNTERACT THE EFFECTS.
THE MOOD AND PERFORMANCE AND
KIDNEY STONE RISKS AND RAISING
LONG-TERM CONCERNS.
CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS.
THE FOODS WE GIVE THEM ARE OF UP
MOST IMPORTANCE TO COUNTERACT
THE EFFECTS.
WE NEED TO FIND WAYS TO KEEP IT
PALATABLE, NUTRITIOUS, AND SAFE.
CURRENTLY ON ISS THEY USE AN APP
FOR INTAKE THE TEAM WATCHES THE
INFORMATION TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK
TO ASTRONAUTS.
THIS ATTENTION TO ASTRONAUT
NUTRITION IS ALSO PAYING
DIVIDENDS FOR THOSE ON EARTH.
SMITH NOTES ASTRONAUTS ONBOARD
THE SPACE STATION HAVE DELIVERED
A LOT OF NUTRITIONAL DATA THAT
COULD BE APPLIED TO ALL PEOPLE.
WE HAVE GAINED NEW INSIGHTS ON
HOW NUTRITION COULD EFFECT ON
SYSTEMS INCLUDING ON BONE LOSS
THAT EFFECTS THE ELDERLY AND HOW
TO BETTER TREAT THAT CONDITION
AND OTHERS OF COURSE, A SIMPLE
START FOR PEOPLE ON EARTH TO
MAINTAIN HEALTH IS THE SAME AS
IT'S BEEN FOR SENTRIES.
KEEP EATING YOUR FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES.
FOR MORE SCIENCE FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION HEAD
TO NASA.GOV/ISS/SCIENCE.
INTEREST FOR INFORMATION VISIT
SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>>> THE SCIENTIST BEHIND THE
EXPERIMENTS YOU JUST SEEN HAD TO
PUT THEIR LIVES WORK ON TOP OF
EXPLOSION THAT'S A ROCKET
LAUNCH.
ON THIS SEASON OF THE NASA
EXPLORERS SEASON WE ARE FOCUSING
ON THE SCIENTIST.
IN PART TWO THEY WILL LAUNCH AN
EXPERIMENT INTO SPACE FOR THE
FIRST TIME.
>> THIS IS THE LAUNCH EXPERIMENT
WE HAVE BEEN WORKING ON UP HERE.
>> MICROGRAVITY HAS A LOT TO
TEACH EUS.
TAKE THE CONTAINERS.
THE GREEN LIQUID SHOWS HOW FUEL
SWIRLS AROUND IN THE TANK AS
FUEL IS IN THE SPACECRAFT.
THIS HELPS US BUILD A BETTER
SPACECRAFT.
WE ARE CONDUCTING 300 DIFFERENT
EXPERIMENTS.
RESEARCH PREPARES US FOR THE
FUTURE OF SPACE EXPLORATION.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>> WE CAN'T MIMIC THE
ENVIRONMENT ON THE SPACE STATION
WHAT MAKES IT A SPECIAL PLACE
AND SCIENTIST AND SEVERAL
COMPANIES LIKE TO SEND THEIR
SCIENCE UP.
ONCE YOU REMOVE GRAVITY MANY
THINGS ACT DIFFERENTLY.
THIS SEASON WE ARE EXPLORING WHY
WE SENT SCIENCE TO SPACE AND
WHAT IT TAKES TO GET IT THERE.
SPOILER ALERT, YOU DON'T HAVE TO
BE A ROCKET SCIENTIST TO CONDUCT
RESEARCH IN MICROGRAVITY.
>> THIS IS OUR FIRST PROJECT
GOING TO THE SCIENCE STATION.
THIS IS OUR FIRST PROJECT WITH
ANYONE IN THE SPACE PROGRAM.
I NEVER THOUGHT FROM GRADUATE
SCHOOL TO SITTING IN HOUSTON
GETTING READY FOR THE LAUNCH.
I CAN'T BELIEVE IT'S HAPPENING.
>> MEET ELAINE.
A MEDICAL DEVICE STARTUP IN
VIRGINIA.
SHE WILL DEVELOP A PATCH FOR
EARDRUM BE REPAIR SURGERY.
LAUNCH THAT GEL TO SPACE AND THE
OPPORTUNITIES GROW MORE.
FIRST BACKUP A FEW STEPS THERE
IS A SYSTEM IN PLACE TO HELP
THEM GET RESEARCH INTO ORBIT.
NASA AND IT'S PARTNERS ARE NOT
THE ONLY SOURCE OF SCIENCE
ABROAD THE SPACE STATION.
THE U.S. NATIONAL LABORATORY
CREATES PATHWAYS TO SPACE FOR
COMPANIES, UNIVERSITY AND YOUNG
STUDENTS IF YOU START THE
JOURNEY INTO THE UNKNOWN IT
HELPS TO HAVE A PERSON NAVIGATE
THE WAY.
THEY CAN PROVIDE RESOURCES AND
GUIDANCE TO TAKE AN EXPERIMENT
FROM EARTH AND MICROGRAVITY.
>> THEY HAVE A PLATE READER THAT
WILL BE USED FOR THE PROJECT.
THEY ARE RECORDING AND GETTING
THE MATERIALS READY FOR US.
>> THE PROJECT IS LOOKING AT HOW
HIGH -- HYDROGELS BEHAVE.
>> THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT
MATERIAL.
THEY ARE HIGH VOLUME WATER THEY
CAN MIMIC THE CELLULAR MAT
MATRIX OF OUR BODY; CONFUSED?
WE HAVE YOU COVERED.
HYDROGEL IS NOT A LIQUID AND
WATER.
EVEN DELIVER ANTIBIOTICS.
THEY ARE USED FOR WOUND CARE ON
BATTLEFIELD.
IF YOU CAN'T GET GOOD MEDICAL
CARE RIGHT AWAY COULD YOU APPLY
THAT HYDROGEL TO THE SITE.
IF WE HAVE A WOUND ON THE ARM OR
LEG WE CAN TREAT THAT IS THIS IS
SOMETHING WE CAN USE NOT JUST IN
EARTH BUT UP IN SPACE.
>> THIS COULD PROVIDE UNKNOWN
FOUNDATION.
IT'S A GREAT EXAMPLE OF HOW THEY
CAN OFFER NEW INSIGHTS.
>> THE DATA WE ARE REQUESTING IS
BASIC SCIENCE IT'S HARD TO FIND
THE PROJECTS AND IT'S IN SPACE.
>> IT GOES INTO THE HANDS OF
ASTRONAUTS.
JUST LIKE TRAINING FOR LAUNCH,
LANDING, AND SPACEWALK.
THEY PARTICIPATE IN HOURS OF
TRAINING READY TO GO TO CLASS
ARE AN ASTRONAUT?
WE'LL TAKE YOU ALONG.
>> A LOT HAS CHANGED IN 11 YEARS
SINCE WE WERE UP THERE.
THERE WAS A NEW EXPERIMENT.
HE HADN'T SIGN THAT EITHER.
HEY, THIS IS A LOT EASIER.
>> THE COURSE OF PREPARING AN
ASTRONAUT ON THE SPACE STATION
RUNS MORE THAT TWO YEARS.
IT HAS IT'S TOUGH ELEMENTS
MODERN TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS THEM TO
TRAIN MORE SAFELY THAN IN THE
PAST AS THEY PREPARE FOR THE
MISSIONS TODAY AND THOSE OF THE
FUTURE.
>> MISSION TRAINING FOR
ASTRONAUTS HAS BEEN RIGOROUS.
TESTING OUR ASTRONAUTS
OFF-LIMITS, ABILITIES, AND
KNOWLEDGE IS AN IMPORTANT PART
FOR THE TASK THEY WILL CARRY OUT
IN SPACE.
IN THE APOLLO ERA, THERE WERE SO
MANY UNKNOWNS.
THOSE PIONEERS WERE THE BEST OF
WHAT WAS AVAILABLE TO THEM AT
THAT TIME AND INVENTED THE REST.
SAFETY WAS AND IS A TOP CONCERN
WE PUSH THE BOUNDARIES AT A
GREAT RISK.
THEY HAVE FULFILLED THE
EVOLUTION OF THE TRAINING
PROGRAM.
VIRTUAL REALTY ALLOWS THEM TO
BENEFIT A SAFELY REPEATING
MISSION EVENT OF ACTIVITIES.
SOME THINGS DON'T LOOK THAT
DIFFERENT.
ASTRONAUTS HAVE TO BE PREPARED
FOR THE JOURNEY.
IT'S THE NATURE OF THOSE THAT
EXPLORE.
>> THERE HAVE BEEN 63
EXPEDITIONS SINCE THE YEAR 2000
AND MORE TO COME.
THEY ARE GETTING HUMAN KIND FOR
THE NEXT STEP-IN SPACE
EXPLORATION MOVING OUT BEYOND
LOWER ORBIT, RETURNING TO THE
MOON, AND THEN OUT INTO THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
NASA IS BUILDING THE SYSTEMS
THAT WILL TAKE US TO OUR NEXT
DESTINATION.
>> 50 YEARS AGO WE PIONEERED A
PATH TO THE MOON.
THEY SHOWED US WHAT WAS
POSSIBLE.
TODAY I AM CALLING TO EXPLORE
AND IT'S GREATER TO GO FARTHER
TO SUSTAIN MISSIONS OF GREATER
DISTANCE AND DURATION.
WE MUST USE THE RESOURCES WE
FIND WATT OUR DESTINATIONS.
WE MUST OVERCOME RADIATION,
ISOLATION, GRAVITY, AND EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS LIKE NEVER BEFORE.
THESE ARE THE CHALLENGES THAT WE
FACE TO PUSH THE BOUNDS OF
HUMANITY WE ARE GOING TO THE
MOON TO STAY BY 2024 AND THIS IS
HOW.
>> THIS IS THE ABILITY TO GET
LARGER HEAVIER PAYLOADS OFF
PLANETS AND BEYOND EARTH'S
GRAVITY.
>> WE WILL GET A NEW ROCKET.
>> WITH COMPONENTS AND
PRODUCTIONS AND MORE IN TESTING.
>> THIS SYSTEM IS CAPABLE OF
BEING THE CATALASE FOR DEEP
SPACE MISSION.
>> FROM LAUNCH,.
>> TO DEEP SPACE.
>> AND RETURN BACK TO EARTH.
>> THIS IS NASAS NEXT GENERATION
OF HUMAN SPACE CAPSULE.
>> USING DATA TO REVEAL THE
HAZARDS AND RESOURCES WE ARE
DEVELOPING A NEW APPROACH.
USING OR PARTNERS DELIVER
SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS.
>> WE WOULD LIKE TO PRESS OUR
COLLECTIVE EFFORTS FORWARD WITH
WHAT WILL SEE US RETURN TO THE
MOON THAT'S DIFFERENT THAN 50
YEARS AGO.
>> THEY ARE REUSABLE.
WE GIVE THEM A PLATFORM IN ORBIT
AROUND THE MOON.
>> AN ORBITING PLATFORM TO FORM
DEEP SPACE EXPERIENCE.
>> THE GATEWAY MOVES BETWEEN
ORBITZ.
>> THEY WILL TRAVEL BETWEEN THE
EARTH AND MOON'S GRAVITY.
>> THIS IS TO LAUNCH INTO DEEPER
SPACE.
>> IN 2009 THE MOON CONTAINED
TONS OF WATER ICE.
>> IT CAN BE EXTRACTED AND
SEPARATED FOR OXYGEN FOR
BREATHING.
>> THE MOON IS SUITED TO PREPARE
AND PROPEL US TO MARS AND
BEYOND.
>> THIS IS WHAT WE ARE BUILDING.
>> THIS IS WHAT WE ARE TRAINING
FOR.
>> THIS IS THE NEXT CHAPTER OF
HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION.
>> HUMANS ARE PART OF THIS
ENDEAVOR.
WE GO TO THE MOON AND BEYOND TO
MARS TO SEEK KNOWLEDGE AND
UNDERSTANDING AND SHARE IT WITH
ALL.
WE GO KNOWING OUR EFFORTS WILL
CREATE OPPORTUNITIES THAT CANNOT
BE PRESERVED.
WE ARE DESTINE TO EXPLORE WITH
OUR OWN EYES.
WE TURN TOWARDS THE MOON AS
PREPARATION AND CHECKPOINT FOR
ALL THAT LIES BEYOND.
OUR GREATEST ADVENTURES REMAIN
AHEAD OF US.
WE ARE GOING.
>> WE ARE GOING.
>> THE ORION SPACECRAFT WILL
RETURN ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON.
RANDY EXPLAINS THE ROLE OF ORION
WITH THE LAUNCH SYSTEM.
THIS IS PART OF THE NEW LUNAR
LANDING.
WE ARE SEVERING A NEW GENERATION
OF ASTRONAUTS AND SAFELY HOME
AGAIN TO EARTH.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>> ORION WILL PUT THE NEXT MAN
AND FIRST COMMON THE MOON BY
2024.
>> IT WILL TAKE US SAFELY ACROSS
250,000 MILES FROM THE MOON AND
SIT AND WAIT WHILE THE FIRST
TIME SINCE 1972.
>> WE READ YOU HOUSTON.
IT'S A BEAUTIFUL DAY ON THE
MOON.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>> THEY WILL COME BACK TO THE
GATEWAY AND REENTER EARTH'S
ATMOSPHERE.
WE HAVE TO COME BACK WITH RETURN
VELOCITY.
THE SHAPE OF THE CASTLE YOU SEE
BEHIND US IS THE SAME.
WE HAVE A HEAT SHIELD
UNDERNEATH.
THE BIG THING IS WHEN YOU GET
INSIDE IT'S 30% LARGER.
ORION CAN CARRY ONE CREW FOR 31
DAYS.
WE ARE TAKING ADVANTAGE OF
TECHNOLOGY.
WE HAVE DIGITAL DISPLAYS THAT
CAN CONTROL ALL OF THE SYSTEMS
AND EMERGENCY FUNCTIONS.
IT HAS A LOT OF COMPUTING POWER
BECAUSE IT'S 25 TIMES FASTER THE
SHUTTLE IS HUNDRED TIMES FASTER.
THE APOLLO COMPUTERS.
IT HAS MORE SAFETY AND COMPOSITE
MATERIALS.
THIS WILL ALLOW US TO HAVE THE
RETURN TO THE MOON AND KEEP
GOING BACK EVERY YEAR AFTER THAT
AND THIS WILL ALLOW US TO DO ALL
OF THE THINGS WILLIAMS NEED TO
GO FROM THE MOON TOO MARS AND
SHORTLY THEREAFTER WARDS.
>> WANT A LOOK AT ANY OF THE
STORIES WE JUST FEATURED HEAD TO
YOUTUBE OR FACEBOOK.
WHEN YOU GET THERE TAKE A LOOK
AROUND AT THE COOL STUFF YOU
WILL FIND ABOUT NASA AS AND
HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM.
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS THE
PLACE TO GO IS HOUSTON WE HAVE A
PODCAST.
WE TALK TO FOLKS ABOUT THEIR
WORKS OF SPACE EXPLORATION.
TODAY WE TALK WITH THE PROGRAM
MANAGER AND THE PLANS FOR THE
GATEWAY.
THIS WILL ORBIT THE MOON AND OUR
EXPLORATION PLAN.
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST.
WE HAVE PREVIOUS EPISODES PLUS
THE FULL LIBRARY.
WELCOME TO AN APPLE PODCAST AND
GOOGLE PODCAST.