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>> GOOD MORNING.

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WELCOME TO A VIEW OF THE

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INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

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FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM AT NASA'S

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JOHNSON SPACE CENTER IN HOUSTON.

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A TEAM OF SPECIALISTS IS ALWAYS

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ON DUTY KEEPING TABS ON SYSTEMS

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AND WORKING WITH THE EXPEDITION

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CREW MEMBERS AS THEY TAKE CARE

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OF EXPERIMENTS.

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CHRIS CASSIDY AND HIS CREW MATES

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DEMONSTRATING THE NEWEST

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COMPONENT, THE SpaceX CREW

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DRAGON SPACECRAFT AND MONITORED

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UNDOCKING OF CARGO SHIP WRAPPING

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UP ITS MISSION.

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>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.

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THIS WEEK A RUSSIAN CRAFT

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DEPARTED THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

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STATION.

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THE PROGRESS 74 WAS PACKED WITH

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TRASH AND OBSOLETE GEAR.

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IT HAS BEEN ATTACHED SINCE 2019.

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AFTER SEPARATING FROM THE

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STATION, THEY FIRED ENGINES OVER

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THE PACIFIC AND BURNED UP

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SAFELY.

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THE NEXT CARGO SHIP IS SCHEDULED

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FOR LAUNCH ON JULY 23 AND DOCK

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TO THE STATION TWO ORBITS LATER.

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THE CREW STAYED BUSY CONDUCTING

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A HABITABILITY TEST OF CREW

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DRAGON ENDEAVOR.

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THEY VERIFIED THE FEATURES AND

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FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING OPENING AND

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CLOSING THE HATCH, OPERATING

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DRAGON'S WASTE SYSTEMS, DAWNING

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SPACE SUITS AND MOVING CARGO

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BACK INTO THE VEHICLE.

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THEY WERE JOINED BY TWO OTHER

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CREW MEMBERS TO ASSESS THE

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SPACECRAFT.

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THE DEMO-2 MISSION IS THE FINAL

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STEP BEFORE THEY CERTIFY FOR

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LONG DURATIONS TO THE SPACE

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STATION.

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THIS WILL ENABLE NASA TO

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CONTINUE THE IMPORTANT RESEARCH

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TAKING PLACE ON BOARD THE

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STATION WHICH BENEFITS PEOPLE ON

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EARTH AND LAYS THE GROUND WORK

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FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION.

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THIS WEEK'S QUESTION COMES FROM

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CHRIS.

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HE WANTS TO KNOW HOW MANY PEOPLE

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THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

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CAN HOLD AT ANY GIVEN TIME.

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THE SPACE STATION HAS BEEN

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CONTINUOUSLY OCCUPIED SINCE

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NOVEMBER 2000.

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CREWS UP TO SIX PEOPLE HAVE

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LIVED ON THE STATION.

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BUT WITH THE DAWN OF THE

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COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM, THAT

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WILL INCREASE.

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THE LIVING AND WORKING SPACE IS

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LARGER THAN A SIX BEDROOM HOUSE

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AND HAS SIX SLEEPING QUARTERS,

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TWO BATHROOMS, GYM AND 360° VIEW

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BAY WINDOW.

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IN 2009, 13 PEOPLE WERE ON

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BOARD.

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WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.

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>> IGNITION.

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>> YOU WITNESSED HISTORY WITH

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THE FIRST CREW LAUNCHED AND

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DOCKING OF THE SpaceX.

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BUT YOU DIDN'T SEE THE ACTIVITY

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ON BOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

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STATION UNTIL NOW.

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TAKE A LOOK AT EXPEDITION 63

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COMMANDER CHRIS CASSIDY SET UP

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TO DOCUMENT THE LAUNCH AND SEE

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THEIR POINT OF VIEW AS THE NEW

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AMERICAN SPACECRAFT DOCKED TO

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THE STATION AND DELIVERED NEW

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CREW MEMBERS.

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>> OKAY.

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HISTORIC DAY FOR OUR NATION AND

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THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE PROGRAM.

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IT'S A SECOND ATTEMPT FOR BOB

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AND DOUG TO LAUNCH ON CREW

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DRAGON.

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BEHIND THIS HATCH IS WHERE THEY

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WILL DOCK TOMORROW.

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WE'LL TALK ABOUT THIS SPECIAL

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FLAG RIGHT HERE.

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THIS FLAG WAS FIRST FLOWN ON STS

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1 WITH JOHN YOUNG AND BOB.

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IT WAS FLOWN AT THE END OF THE

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SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM, DOUG

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HAPPENED TO BE A CREW MEMBER ON

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THAT MISSION AS WELL.

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135 BROUGHT THIS FLAG TO THE

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SPACE STATION WITH THE INTENT

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THAT IT WOULD BE RETURNED WITH

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THE RETURN OF THE FIRST

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COMMERCIAL CREW ROCKET THAT

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WOULD LAUNCH FROM FLORIDA.

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AT THE CONCLUSION OF THEIR STAY

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ON BOARD THE SPACE STATION WITH

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US, THEY WILL RETURN THIS FLAG

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WITH THEM AND COMPLETE THE

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JOURNEY, IF YOU WILL.

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DOWN IN FLORIDA RIGHT NOW THEY

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HAD THE GO, NO GO, FOR LAUNCH.

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HISTORIC DAY.

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I'M SUPER-HONORED AND EXCITED TO

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BE PART OF IT IN A SMALL WAY AND

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GREET THESE GUYS WHEN THEY COME

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THROUGH THE HATCH.

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IT MEANS A LOT TO EVERYBODY.

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IT MEANS A LOT TO A LOT OF

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PEOPLE.

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A LOT OF HARD WORK.

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ALL THE BEST FROM NODE 2 OF THE

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INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, THE

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VERY FORWARD PART OF OUR SHIP.

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THIS IS THE BOW, SO TO SPEAK.

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AND GO, DRAGON.

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>> TAKE IT AWAY, DON.

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>> SpaceX LAUNCH DAY.

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YOU HEARD HIM, T MINUS 13

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MINUTES.

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>> UNDER THE FIRST BENCH.

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THAT SHOULD FINISH UP.

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>> JUST SAID THE LAST GO, NO GO

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FOR WEATHER IN SEVEN MINUTES.

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>> ON THE FIRST AND SECOND

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STAGE, JUST LIKE WE DO.

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THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT.

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>> WE HAVE CAMERAS GOING AT THE

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WINDOWS.

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YVONNE HAS A CAMERA.

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WE HAVE A CAMERA IN THE WHARF

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WINDOW.

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THERE'S YVONNE, HE'S SETTING UP

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A CAMERA.

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WE ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT THE

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BEST ANGLE TO GET PICTURES.

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TEN MINUTES TO GO.

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MAN.

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READY FOR LAUNCH.

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>> ON BEHALF OF [INDISCERNIBLE].

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>> IT IS ABSOLUTELY OUR HONOR TO

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BE PART OF THIS HUGE EFFORT WITH

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THE UNITED STATES BACK IN THE

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LAUNCH BUSINESS.

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WE'LL TALK TO YOU MORE.

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BUT THANK YOU.

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>> HERE WE GO!

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>> SO CLOSE.

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>> ONE MINUTE.

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>> SET-UP STARTED.

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WANT TO GET THE PICTURE IN THE

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WHARF.

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>> THREE AND A HALF MINUTES TO

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LAUNCH.

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>> GREAT PICTURES, RIGHT OVER

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THE PAD.

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COME ON.

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>> DRAGON, SpaceX, GO FOR

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LAUNCH.

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>> YEAH!

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>> T MINUS 30 SECONDS.

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>> HERE WE GO.

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>> GET IT, GET IT, GET IT.

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>> T MINUS 15 SECONDS.

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TEN, NINE, EIGHT, SEVEN, SIX,

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FIVE, FOUR, THREE, TWO, ONE,

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ZERO.

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IGNITION, LIFTOFF, AS THE FALCON

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NINE AND CREW DRAGON, SpaceX,

184
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GOD SPEED DOUG AND BOB.

185
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>> THIS IS A NEW GENERATION.

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20 SECONDS INTO FLIGHT.

187
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>> HERE WE GO.

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>> 30 SECONDS FOR THIS HISTORIC

189
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MISSION.

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>> SPACE ONE LANDING SHORTLY

191
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AFTER.

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>> JUST WITHIN A FEW SECONDS OF

193
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EACH OTHER.

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>> ABOUT 12 MINUTES IS WHEN

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DRAGON WILL STEP UP.

196
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WE SAW A G INDICATOR FLOATING

197
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AROUND THERE.

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>> OKAY.

199
00:09:00,139 --> 00:09:01,974
WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TWO NEW

200
00:09:01,974 --> 00:09:03,776
CREW MATES TOMORROW.

201
00:09:03,776 --> 00:09:06,012
A FEW THINGS HAVE TO HAPPEN

202
00:09:06,012 --> 00:09:08,514
BETWEEN NOW AND THEN.

203
00:09:08,514 --> 00:09:10,416
BUT THIS IS A BIG DAY.

204
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>> I SEE THEM DOCKING IN THE

205
00:09:15,254 --> 00:09:16,756
MORNING.

206
00:09:16,756 --> 00:09:19,292
HURRY UP AND GET MY EXERCISE IN.

207
00:09:19,292 --> 00:09:23,195
A BUSY DAY WITH OTHER STUFF.

208
00:09:23,195 --> 00:09:24,931
SUPER EXCITING.

209
00:09:24,931 --> 00:09:27,133
WHAT AN AWESOME DAY YESTERDAY TO

210
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WATCH THAT LAUNCH GO.

211
00:09:29,135 --> 00:09:30,269
KNOWING THAT THEY ARE COMING

212
00:09:30,269 --> 00:09:33,572
HERE, MADE IT EVEN MORE SPECIAL.

213
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>> ALL RIGHT.

214
00:09:38,311 --> 00:09:40,446
I GOT TO GET MY EXERCISE.

215
00:09:40,446 --> 00:09:42,848
>> HOLDING AT 200 METERS RIGHT

216
00:09:42,848 --> 00:09:43,649
NOW.

217
00:09:43,649 --> 00:09:45,251
RIGHT NOW THEY ARE JUST WRAPPING

218
00:09:45,251 --> 00:09:48,087
UP MANUAL FLIGHT TEST

219
00:09:48,087 --> 00:09:52,024
OBJECTIVES.

220
00:09:52,024 --> 00:09:55,828
AND IN A SHORT LITTLE BIT

221
00:09:55,828 --> 00:09:58,264
STARTING TO APPROACH TWO.

222
00:09:58,264 --> 00:10:00,066
THIS PROCEDURE HERE WHICH WE ARE

223
00:10:00,066 --> 00:10:05,004
FOLLOWING ALONG, MONITORING

224
00:10:05,004 --> 00:10:09,008
DRAGON FLIGHT TEST.

225
00:10:09,008 --> 00:10:27,526
VEHICLE MODE IS MANUAL FLIGHT.

226
00:10:27,526 --> 00:10:32,465
THERE THEY ARE.

227
00:10:32,465 --> 00:10:34,800
AND THAT'S 200 METERS FROM THE

228
00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:36,202
CENTER LINE OF THE SPACE

229
00:10:36,202 --> 00:10:38,204
STATION.

230
00:10:38,204 --> 00:10:40,539
AS SOON AS I GET EVERYTHING

231
00:10:40,539 --> 00:10:43,676
200 METERS HERE, I'M GOING TO

232
00:10:43,676 --> 00:10:45,478
SWITCH TO A DIFFERENT REFERENCE

233
00:10:45,478 --> 00:10:53,252
POINT, FROM THE DOCKING PORT.

234
00:10:53,252 --> 00:11:00,393
>> HOLD BRIEFLY AT 1.2.

235
00:11:00,393 --> 00:11:05,531
REMINDER THAT [INDISCERNIBLE]

236
00:11:05,531 --> 00:11:07,366
GROUND IS PREPARING FOR THE

237
00:11:07,366 --> 00:11:08,267
FINAL APPROACH.

238
00:11:08,267 --> 00:11:10,069
>> CHRIS, YOU CAN MONITOR NOW

239
00:11:10,069 --> 00:11:14,306
FOR STEP 2.

240
00:11:14,306 --> 00:11:15,307
RETRIEVE MONITOR.

241
00:11:15,307 --> 00:11:19,545
>> COPY, STEP 2 ALERT.

242
00:11:19,545 --> 00:11:23,249
STEPS 3 AND 4 IS COMPLETE.

243
00:11:23,249 --> 00:11:24,483
CREW ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

244
00:11:24,483 --> 00:11:43,702
STATION IS READY FOR DOCKING.

245
00:11:43,702 --> 00:11:45,004
20 METERS.

246
00:11:45,004 --> 00:11:55,714
HERE WE GO.

247
00:11:55,714 --> 00:11:57,416
GO FOR DOCKING.

248
00:11:57,416 --> 00:12:01,654
IT'S A GOOD ONE.

249
00:12:01,654 --> 00:12:05,858
COPY, STEPS 3 AND 4.

250
00:12:05,858 --> 00:12:07,760
>> BIG LOOP.

251
00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:15,034
>> VISOR IS DOWN.

252
00:12:15,034 --> 00:12:16,936
SITTING RIGHT THERE, 20 METERS

253
00:12:16,936 --> 00:12:21,974
FROM THE DOCKING PORT.

254
00:12:21,974 --> 00:12:23,576
ONE MORE VIEW.

255
00:12:23,576 --> 00:12:30,116
>> ON THE BIG LOOP, WE ARE

256
00:12:30,116 --> 00:12:40,893
INBOUND.

257
00:12:40,893 --> 00:12:48,701
[INDISCERNIBLE]

258
00:12:48,701 --> 00:12:56,842
TAKES A LONG TIME.

259
00:12:56,842 --> 00:12:58,344
>> I GOT SOME.

260
00:12:58,344 --> 00:13:03,582
WRONG CAMERA.

261
00:13:03,582 --> 00:13:04,283
[LAUGHTER]

262
00:13:04,283 --> 00:13:14,860
>> DRAGON, SpaceX DOCKING

263
00:13:14,860 --> 00:13:17,196
SEQUENCE IS COMPLETE.

264
00:13:17,196 --> 00:13:23,435
>> SpaceX DRAGON, WE COPY.

265
00:13:23,435 --> 00:13:24,637
SEQUENCE COMPLETE.

266
00:13:24,637 --> 00:13:26,338
JUST LIKE TO SAY IT'S BEEN A

267
00:13:26,338 --> 00:13:30,376
REAL HONOR TO BE A SMALL PART OF

268
00:13:30,376 --> 00:13:32,578
THIS ENDEAVOR SINCE THE LAST

269
00:13:32,578 --> 00:13:35,014
TIME THE UNITED STATES DOCKED AT

270
00:13:35,014 --> 00:13:41,754
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

271
00:13:41,754 --> 00:13:44,156
[BELL RINGING]

272
00:13:44,156 --> 00:13:47,493
>> DRAGON ARRIVING.

273
00:13:47,493 --> 00:13:50,529
THE CREW OF EXPEDITION 63 IS

274
00:13:50,529 --> 00:13:52,865
HONORED TO WELCOME DRAGON AND

275
00:13:52,865 --> 00:13:56,602
THE COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM

276
00:13:56,602 --> 00:13:57,703
ABOARD.

277
00:13:57,703 --> 00:13:59,305
GLAD TO HAVE YOU AS PART OF THE

278
00:13:59,305 --> 00:14:00,439
CREW.

279
00:14:00,439 --> 00:14:01,740
WELL DONE.

280
00:14:01,740 --> 00:14:06,545
>> THANK YOU, CHRIS.

281
00:14:06,545 --> 00:14:12,518
>> WE HAVE DRAGON.

282
00:14:12,518 --> 00:14:13,719
>> GOT IT?

283
00:14:13,719 --> 00:14:15,821
>> YEAH.

284
00:14:15,821 --> 00:14:24,563
>> HELLO!

285
00:14:24,563 --> 00:14:26,398
>> HELLO, HOW ARE YOU?

286
00:14:26,398 --> 00:14:29,401
>> DOING GREAT!

287
00:14:29,401 --> 00:14:32,738
HOW WAS YOUR NIGHT OF SLEEP?

288
00:14:32,738 --> 00:14:34,974
>> WASN'T TOO BAD.

289
00:14:34,974 --> 00:14:38,877
>> GO IN.

290
00:14:38,877 --> 00:15:22,187
>> SOUNDS LIKE OPENING.

291
00:15:22,187 --> 00:15:24,189
HERE COMES THE HANDLE.

292
00:15:24,189 --> 00:15:25,524
HERE WE GO!

293
00:15:25,524 --> 00:15:35,868
WOW, IT'S QUIET.

294
00:15:35,868 --> 00:15:39,104
YOU CAN SEE THE MECHANISM IS

295
00:15:39,104 --> 00:15:42,941
ROTATING.

296
00:15:42,941 --> 00:15:51,517
CLICKS AT THE END.

297
00:15:51,517 --> 00:15:53,919
WHAT'S UP, BIG DOGS HE?

298
00:15:53,919 --> 00:15:55,354
>> HOW YOU DOING?

299
00:15:55,354 --> 00:15:57,456
>> HOW ARE YOU DOING?

300
00:15:57,456 --> 00:15:59,391
THAT'S A SMOOTH HATCH.

301
00:15:59,391 --> 00:16:01,393
COULDN'T EVEN HEAR THE

302
00:16:01,393 --> 00:16:03,595
MECHANISMS MOVING.

303
00:16:03,595 --> 00:16:05,631
>> I DIDN'T EVEN FEEL IT DOCK.

304
00:16:05,631 --> 00:16:08,834
>> WE HAVE BOB BEHNKEN ENTERING

305
00:16:08,834 --> 00:16:11,370
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

306
00:16:11,370 --> 00:16:14,573
FOLLOWED BY DOUG HURLEY.

307
00:16:14,573 --> 00:16:24,049
>> YOU COULD GO ON-LINE AND READ

308
00:16:24,049 --> 00:16:25,651
ABOUT CHRIS CASSIDY'S

309
00:16:25,651 --> 00:16:27,553
EDUCATIONAL AND MILITARY

310
00:16:27,553 --> 00:16:30,189
BACKGROUND AND HISTORY AS A NASA

311
00:16:30,189 --> 00:16:32,191
ASTRONAUT.

312
00:16:32,191 --> 00:16:34,126
YOU REALLY NEVER KNOW SOMEONE

313
00:16:34,126 --> 00:16:36,628
UNTIL YOU KNOW THEIR FAVORITE

314
00:16:36,628 --> 00:16:38,464
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OR THINGS

315
00:16:38,464 --> 00:16:40,866
THEY HOPE TO BE REMEMBERED FOR.

316
00:16:40,866 --> 00:16:41,967
CASSIDY SHED SOME LIGHT ON THOSE

317
00:16:41,967 --> 00:16:43,769
THINGS AND MORE AS THE CLOCK

318
00:16:43,769 --> 00:16:46,205
COUNTED DOWN TO HIS THIRD TRIP

319
00:16:46,205 --> 00:16:48,640
TO SPACE.

320
00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:51,076
>> ROGER.

321
00:16:51,076 --> 00:16:58,517
>> WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE SEASON?

322
00:16:58,517 --> 00:16:59,218
>> FALL.

323
00:16:59,218 --> 00:17:00,519
>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE

324
00:17:00,519 --> 00:17:02,121
CONSTELLATION?

325
00:17:02,121 --> 00:17:04,957
>> ORION.

326
00:17:04,957 --> 00:17:07,059
>> WHAT INSTRUMENT.

327
00:17:07,059 --> 00:17:09,194
>> VIOLA.

328
00:17:09,194 --> 00:17:10,796
>> MORNING OR NIGHT PERSON?

329
00:17:10,796 --> 00:17:11,497
>> MORNING.

330
00:17:11,497 --> 00:17:13,632
>> ONE THING YOU ARE AFRAID OF?

331
00:17:13,632 --> 00:17:15,734
>> SCREWING UP ON A SPACE

332
00:17:15,734 --> 00:17:16,435
MISSION.

333
00:17:16,435 --> 00:17:18,637
>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE BOOK?

334
00:17:18,637 --> 00:17:23,776
>> COUNT OF MONTE CHRISTO.

335
00:17:23,776 --> 00:17:25,711
>> FAVORITE DANCE MOVE?

336
00:17:25,711 --> 00:17:26,712
>> SPRINKLER.

337
00:17:26,712 --> 00:17:28,414
>> GUILTY PLEASURE?

338
00:17:28,414 --> 00:17:31,150
>> EATING ICE CREAM.

339
00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:34,553
>> ACCOMPLISHMENT YOU ARE MOST

340
00:17:34,553 --> 00:17:35,888
PROUD OF?

341
00:17:35,888 --> 00:17:41,927
>> GRADUATING ACADEMY.

342
00:17:41,927 --> 00:17:45,030
>> WHAT ADVICE?

343
00:17:45,030 --> 00:17:48,100
>> COMMUNICATE.

344
00:17:48,100 --> 00:17:49,601
>> WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE

345
00:17:49,601 --> 00:17:50,502
REMEMBERED FOR?

346
00:17:50,502 --> 00:17:53,839
>> HAVING THE GREATEST NBA

347
00:17:53,839 --> 00:17:56,442
THREE-POINT PERCENTAGE.

348
00:17:56,442 --> 00:18:13,559
>> THE STRUCTURE OF THE

349
00:18:13,559 --> 00:18:14,126
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

350
00:18:14,126 --> 00:18:17,095
RELIES ON A SERIES OF TRUSSES

351
00:18:17,095 --> 00:18:18,697
ENGINEERED TO WITHSTAND THE

352
00:18:18,697 --> 00:18:20,699
DIFFERENT FORCES THE STATION MAY

353
00:18:20,699 --> 00:18:23,135
ENCOUNTER IN LOWER EARTH ORBIT.

354
00:18:23,135 --> 00:18:25,237
IN THIS VIDEO, ASTRONAUT RICKY

355
00:18:25,237 --> 00:18:29,074
ARNOLD EXPLAINS THE SIGNIFICANCE

356
00:18:29,074 --> 00:18:30,576
OF THESE STRUCTURES AND THE

357
00:18:30,576 --> 00:18:32,010
FORCES THEY ARE UP AGAINST IN

358
00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:34,513
MICROGRAVITY.

359
00:18:34,513 --> 00:18:51,864
>> HI THERE.

360
00:18:51,864 --> 00:18:53,165
I'M RICKY ARNOLD.

361
00:18:53,165 --> 00:18:54,466
WELCOME ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL

362
00:18:54,466 --> 00:18:55,367
SPACE STATION.

363
00:18:55,367 --> 00:18:56,902
TODAY WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT

364
00:18:56,902 --> 00:19:00,706
THE SPACE STATION TRUSS.

365
00:19:00,706 --> 00:19:02,641
THE TRUSS SEGMENT IS A HUNDRED

366
00:19:02,641 --> 00:19:04,443
METERS FROM SIDE TO SIDE.

367
00:19:04,443 --> 00:19:06,345
IT'S A SEGMENT WHERE PART OF THE

368
00:19:06,345 --> 00:19:09,181
WHOLE INTEGRATED TRUSS

369
00:19:09,181 --> 00:19:11,483
STRUCTURE.

370
00:19:11,483 --> 00:19:14,319
THEY SUPPORT THE 16 SOLAR PANELS

371
00:19:14,319 --> 00:19:17,523
AND GET RID OF EXCESS HEAT.

372
00:19:17,523 --> 00:19:19,858
THE DESIGN OF THE TRUSS INVOLVES

373
00:19:19,858 --> 00:19:22,761
TRIANGLES AND BEAMS WHICH CAN BE

374
00:19:22,761 --> 00:19:25,297
SEEN IN STRUCTURES LIKE BRIDGES.

375
00:19:25,297 --> 00:19:26,999
WHY TRIANGLES?

376
00:19:26,999 --> 00:19:28,500
THIS IS BECAUSE OF THE UNIQUE

377
00:19:28,500 --> 00:19:30,335
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES,

378
00:19:30,335 --> 00:19:32,538
TRANSFERRING LOADS.

379
00:19:32,538 --> 00:19:36,675
TRIANGLES ARE MORE RIGID BECAUSE

380
00:19:36,675 --> 00:19:38,477
THEY HAVE FEWER JOINTS.

381
00:19:38,477 --> 00:19:40,913
THE MORE PRONE THAT SHAPE IS TO

382
00:19:40,913 --> 00:19:44,616
BE IMPACTED BY SHEAR FORCES.

383
00:19:44,616 --> 00:19:46,051
WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO TALK ABOUT

384
00:19:46,051 --> 00:19:48,153
IS SOME OF THE FORCES THAT CAN

385
00:19:48,153 --> 00:19:50,756
ACT UPON THE TRUSS.

386
00:19:50,756 --> 00:19:53,191
THE FIRST IS COMPRESSION FORCE.

387
00:19:53,191 --> 00:19:57,229
IT'S LIKE IT SOUNDS, COMING

388
00:19:57,229 --> 00:19:58,230
TOGETHER.

389
00:19:58,230 --> 00:20:00,832
IF WE APPLY COMPRESSION FORCE,

390
00:20:00,832 --> 00:20:02,367
WHAT DO YOU THINK IS GOING TO

391
00:20:02,367 --> 00:20:03,468
HAPPEN?

392
00:20:03,468 --> 00:20:05,771
LET ME GO AHEAD AND DO IT.

393
00:20:05,771 --> 00:20:08,907
YOU CAN SEE RIGHT HERE WHERE THE

394
00:20:08,907 --> 00:20:12,411
TRUSS WOULD BEND.

395
00:20:12,411 --> 00:20:13,845
THE OPPOSITE FORCE OF

396
00:20:13,845 --> 00:20:15,948
COMPRESSION IS?

397
00:20:15,948 --> 00:20:17,249
YOU ARE RIGHT, IT'S GOING TO BE

398
00:20:17,249 --> 00:20:19,885
PULLING APART, WE CALL THAT A

399
00:20:19,885 --> 00:20:20,786
TENSION FORCE.

400
00:20:20,786 --> 00:20:22,788
IT'S WHAT'S GOING TO HELP MAYBE

401
00:20:22,788 --> 00:20:26,224
RIGIDIZE THE TRUSS SEGMENT, BUT

402
00:20:26,224 --> 00:20:31,363
IT COULD PULL IT APART.

403
00:20:31,363 --> 00:20:33,565
I'M NOT GOING TO PULL APART THIS

404
00:20:33,565 --> 00:20:35,400
TAPE MEASURE, I NEED IT FOR

405
00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:36,501
LATER.

406
00:20:36,501 --> 00:20:40,105
THIS NEXT FORCE IS A TWISTING

407
00:20:40,105 --> 00:20:40,906
FORCE.

408
00:20:40,906 --> 00:20:42,941
WE CALL THAT TORSION.

409
00:20:42,941 --> 00:20:45,744
EVEN WHEN I LET GO OF THE TAPE

410
00:20:45,744 --> 00:20:47,579
MEASURE, IT WILL HAPPEN.

411
00:20:47,579 --> 00:20:48,513
YOU CAN SEE BECAUSE THE CENTER

412
00:20:48,513 --> 00:20:50,716
OF MASS IS RIGHT HERE WHERE MOST

413
00:20:50,716 --> 00:20:53,051
OF THE TAPE MEASURE IS LOCATED,

414
00:20:53,051 --> 00:20:55,053
WHEN I LET IT GO, THE TAPE

415
00:20:55,053 --> 00:20:57,889
MEASURE ITSELF STARTS TO TWIST

416
00:20:57,889 --> 00:20:59,291
JUST A LITTLE BIT.

417
00:20:59,291 --> 00:21:03,528
FINALLY, THE FOURTH FORCE CAN

418
00:21:03,528 --> 00:21:07,566
OCCUR AT A SINGLE POINT WHERE

419
00:21:07,566 --> 00:21:12,070
TWO OPPOSING FORCES WORK AT A

420
00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:13,372
SINGLE POINT.

421
00:21:13,372 --> 00:21:16,308
THINK ABOUT SOME EARTHQUAKES.

422
00:21:16,308 --> 00:21:19,144
YOU CAN HAVE A QUAKE WHERE ONE

423
00:21:19,144 --> 00:21:23,548
SIDE IS BEING MOVED UPWARD, THE

424
00:21:23,548 --> 00:21:26,385
OTHER SIDE IS DOWNWARD.

425
00:21:26,385 --> 00:21:28,387
THAT'S CALLED A SHEAR FORCE.

426
00:21:28,387 --> 00:21:29,888
WE COULD HAVE THAT HAPPEN ON THE

427
00:21:29,888 --> 00:21:31,690
TRUSS SEGMENT.

428
00:21:31,690 --> 00:21:32,290
SOMETHING LIKE THIS.

429
00:21:32,290 --> 00:21:37,429
ONE THING TO THINK ABOUT, WHERE

430
00:21:37,429 --> 00:21:40,565
DO THESE FORCES COME FROM.

431
00:21:40,565 --> 00:21:42,267
EVEN THOUGH WE ARE UP HERE OUT

432
00:21:42,267 --> 00:21:44,503
OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, WE

433
00:21:44,503 --> 00:21:47,906
STILL HAVE DRAG WHICH CAN IMPART

434
00:21:47,906 --> 00:21:51,376
LOADS, IMPART A FORCE ON THE

435
00:21:51,376 --> 00:21:53,178
TRUSS SEGMENT.

436
00:21:53,178 --> 00:21:55,514
ANOTHER IS CREW WORKING INSIDE.

437
00:21:55,514 --> 00:21:57,215
WE ARE UP HERE, EXERCISING,

438
00:21:57,215 --> 00:21:59,251
MOVING HEAVY PIECES OF EQUIPMENT

439
00:21:59,251 --> 00:22:00,152
AROUND.

440
00:22:00,152 --> 00:22:01,353
SO WE HAVE AN AMAZING

441
00:22:01,353 --> 00:22:04,456
ENGINEERING TEAM ON THE GROUND.

442
00:22:04,456 --> 00:22:05,991
WE HAVE SPECIFIC DISCIPLINES,

443
00:22:05,991 --> 00:22:08,193
THEIR JOB IS TO MONITOR THE

444
00:22:08,193 --> 00:22:10,495
FORCES IMPARTED UPON THE

445
00:22:10,495 --> 00:22:11,329
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

446
00:22:11,329 --> 00:22:13,131
THEY KEEP TRACK OF THOSE VARIOUS

447
00:22:13,131 --> 00:22:14,933
FORCES AND WHERE THEY COULD BE

448
00:22:14,933 --> 00:22:17,069
COMING FROM, ATMOSPHERE AND

449
00:22:17,069 --> 00:22:19,271
VISITING VEHICLES.

450
00:22:19,271 --> 00:22:23,075
AND TO MAKE SURE THOSE FORCES

451
00:22:23,075 --> 00:22:25,110
AREN'T SIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO

452
00:22:25,110 --> 00:22:27,612
CAUSE DAMAGE TO THIS LABORATORY

453
00:22:27,612 --> 00:22:30,348
WE HAVE HERE IN LOWER EARTH

454
00:22:30,348 --> 00:22:31,550
ORBIT.

455
00:22:31,550 --> 00:22:32,884
THANK YOU FOR JOINING ME HERE

456
00:22:32,884 --> 00:22:33,485
TODAY.

457
00:22:33,485 --> 00:22:34,786
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.

458
00:22:34,786 --> 00:22:35,587
SO LONG.

459
00:22:35,587 --> 00:23:00,278
>> PROJECT ARTEMIS.

460
00:23:00,278 --> 00:23:02,414
THE EFFORT TO RETURN ASTRONAUTS

461
00:23:02,414 --> 00:23:04,616
TO THE MOON BY 2024 HAS

462
00:23:04,616 --> 00:23:07,452
SCIENTISTS EXCITED ABOUT USING

463
00:23:07,452 --> 00:23:09,855
THE WATER THAT EXISTS ON THE

464
00:23:09,855 --> 00:23:11,456
MOON.

465
00:23:11,456 --> 00:23:12,791
THE PRESENCE OF WATER ON THE

466
00:23:12,791 --> 00:23:14,593
MOON IS RELATIVELY RECENT

467
00:23:14,593 --> 00:23:15,594
DISCOVERY.

468
00:23:15,594 --> 00:23:17,629
ONE THAT OPENS UP EXCITING

469
00:23:17,629 --> 00:23:20,031
POSSIBILITIES FOR THE FUTURE

470
00:23:20,031 --> 00:23:21,533
WHILE SPARKING QUESTIONS ABOUT

471
00:23:21,533 --> 00:23:25,070
WHERE THAT WATER CAME FROM.

472
00:23:25,070 --> 00:23:29,407
>> EXPLORING THE PRESENCE OF

473
00:23:29,407 --> 00:23:31,710
WATER ON THE MOON, I'M JIM

474
00:23:31,710 --> 00:23:41,386
GREEN, NASA'S CHIEF SCIENTIST.

475
00:23:41,386 --> 00:23:43,188
>> WE ARE GOING TO THE MOON.

476
00:23:43,188 --> 00:23:44,089
[APPLAUSE]

477
00:23:44,089 --> 00:23:46,525
>> AS NASA PREPARES TO RETURN TO

478
00:23:46,525 --> 00:23:49,995
THE MOON, ONE OF THE MANY

479
00:23:49,995 --> 00:23:54,833
EXCITING OPPORTUNITIES IS THE

480
00:23:54,833 --> 00:23:57,035
ABILITY TO USE THE WATER THERE.

481
00:23:57,035 --> 00:23:58,637
THE PRESENCE OF WATER HAS BEEN A

482
00:23:58,637 --> 00:24:00,739
RECENT DISCOVERY, OPENING UP

483
00:24:00,739 --> 00:24:02,674
MANY EXCITING POSSIBILITIES FOR

484
00:24:02,674 --> 00:24:04,576
FUTURE EXPLORATION AND JUST AS

485
00:24:04,576 --> 00:24:06,611
MANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE WATER'S

486
00:24:06,611 --> 00:24:08,313
ORIGINS.

487
00:24:08,313 --> 00:24:13,451
IN THE LATE 1990s NASA'S LUNAR

488
00:24:13,451 --> 00:24:18,089
MISSION FOUND EXTRA HYDROGEN AT

489
00:24:18,089 --> 00:24:21,793
THE POLES.

490
00:24:21,793 --> 00:24:23,628
ENTER THE OUTCROSS MISSION, TO

491
00:24:23,628 --> 00:24:26,031
DETERMINE THE TYPE AND AMOUNT OF

492
00:24:26,031 --> 00:24:28,767
HYDROGEN THAT MIGHT BE PRESENCE

493
00:24:28,767 --> 00:24:31,169
JUST BELOW THE MOON'S POLAR

494
00:24:31,169 --> 00:24:33,071
REGIONS.

495
00:24:33,071 --> 00:24:36,708
TONI IS A SCIENTIST AT AMES

496
00:24:36,708 --> 00:24:40,011
RESEARCH CENTER.

497
00:24:40,011 --> 00:24:41,947
AND WAS CHIEF INVESTIGATOR.

498
00:24:41,947 --> 00:24:43,448
>> TO DETERMINE THE FORM OF

499
00:24:43,448 --> 00:24:48,320
HYDROGEN, WE NEEDED TO ACCESS

500
00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:50,522
MATERIAL BELOW THE SURFACE.

501
00:24:50,522 --> 00:24:52,557
SO WE LAUNCHED A ROCKET TO THE

502
00:24:52,557 --> 00:24:54,960
MOON AND DIRECTED IT TO NEAR ONE

503
00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:59,097
OF THE SHADOWED CRATERS.

504
00:24:59,097 --> 00:25:00,599
WE HAD A PROBE WITH NINE

505
00:25:00,599 --> 00:25:02,400
DIFFERENT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

506
00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:06,438
FOLLOWING THE PLUME'S

507
00:25:06,438 --> 00:25:08,940
TRAJECTORY.

508
00:25:08,940 --> 00:25:11,176
THE SPACECRAFT WAS ALSO MAKING

509
00:25:11,176 --> 00:25:12,978
OBSERVATIONS WHILE MAPPING THE

510
00:25:12,978 --> 00:25:15,113
LUNAR SURFACE FROM ITS ORBIT

511
00:25:15,113 --> 00:25:19,351
AROUND THE MOON.

512
00:25:19,351 --> 00:25:22,454
IT HADN'T SEEN THE SUN IN

513
00:25:22,454 --> 00:25:24,789
2 BILLION YEARS.

514
00:25:24,789 --> 00:25:26,291
WE FOUND WATER.

515
00:25:26,291 --> 00:25:28,226
ABOUT 5% BY WEIGHT.

516
00:25:28,226 --> 00:25:29,828
>> NOW WE KNOW THERE IS WATER ON

517
00:25:29,828 --> 00:25:30,829
THE MOON.

518
00:25:30,829 --> 00:25:35,467
>> RESEARCH SCIENTIST JAN IS

519
00:25:35,467 --> 00:25:39,104
ALSO AT AMES.

520
00:25:39,104 --> 00:25:40,305
SHE TELLS WHY IT'S MORE THAN

521
00:25:40,305 --> 00:25:43,108
JUST A SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY.

522
00:25:43,108 --> 00:25:45,343
>> I BELIEVE WE'LL BE LIVING ON

523
00:25:45,343 --> 00:25:47,746
THE MOON FOR EXTENDED PERIODS OF

524
00:25:47,746 --> 00:25:48,413
TIME.

525
00:25:48,413 --> 00:25:53,018
WATER IS H2O, AND WE CAN BREAK

526
00:25:53,018 --> 00:25:54,119
IT APART.

527
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:55,453
SO NOW WE HAVE A SOURCE OF

528
00:25:55,453 --> 00:25:58,456
HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN THAT MAY BE

529
00:25:58,456 --> 00:26:00,792
ABLE TO BE USED FOR ROCKET FUEL

530
00:26:00,792 --> 00:26:01,993
AS WELL AS BREATHING.

531
00:26:01,993 --> 00:26:03,495
WATER ON THE MOON GIVES YOU A

532
00:26:03,495 --> 00:26:07,832
NEW PARADIME FOR FUTURE SPACE

533
00:26:07,832 --> 00:26:09,234
EXPLORATION.

534
00:26:09,234 --> 00:26:11,569
>> IN THE TEN YEARS WE HAVE

535
00:26:11,569 --> 00:26:14,673
STUDIED WATER AT THE LUNAR POLES

536
00:26:14,673 --> 00:26:16,708
FROM ORBIT WITH INSTRUMENTS ON

537
00:26:16,708 --> 00:26:17,809
SEVERAL MISSIONS.

538
00:26:17,809 --> 00:26:20,111
WE STILL HAVE LOTS OF QUESTIONS.

539
00:26:20,111 --> 00:26:21,346
WHERE, FOR INSTANCE, DID THE

540
00:26:21,346 --> 00:26:22,948
WATER COME FROM.

541
00:26:22,948 --> 00:26:25,250
SOME BELIEVE THAT THE WATER AND

542
00:26:25,250 --> 00:26:27,285
OTHER VOLATILES CAN BE

543
00:26:27,285 --> 00:26:29,788
REMNANTINGS OF COMETS AND

544
00:26:29,788 --> 00:26:32,023
ASTEROID IMPACTS OVER BILLIONS

545
00:26:32,023 --> 00:26:33,825
OF YEARS.

546
00:26:33,825 --> 00:26:37,662
OTHERS POINT TO METEOR SHOWERS

547
00:26:37,662 --> 00:26:39,364
THAT CAN BE SEEN PRODUCING

548
00:26:39,364 --> 00:26:40,365
WATER.

549
00:26:40,365 --> 00:26:42,267
WHERE EXACTLY IS THE WATER?

550
00:26:42,267 --> 00:26:44,102
WE HAVE CONFIRMED IT EXISTS NEAR

551
00:26:44,102 --> 00:26:47,405
THE MOON'S SOUTH POLE WHERE THE

552
00:26:47,405 --> 00:26:51,176
L-CROSS IMPACT OCCURRED.

553
00:26:51,176 --> 00:26:53,712
HOW PLENTIFUL IS IT AND CAN WE

554
00:26:53,712 --> 00:26:57,015
EXPECT IT FIND IT IN OTHER SUPER

555
00:26:57,015 --> 00:26:59,417
COLD REGIONS.

556
00:26:59,417 --> 00:27:02,854
>> WE CAN'T ANSWER WITH ANY

557
00:27:02,854 --> 00:27:05,890
CERTAINTY UNTIL WE VISIT THE

558
00:27:05,890 --> 00:27:06,992
MOON.

559
00:27:06,992 --> 00:27:09,794
>> THIRSTING FOR MORE

560
00:27:09,794 --> 00:27:10,929
INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHANGING

561
00:27:10,929 --> 00:27:13,031
SCIENCE OF THE MOON?

562
00:27:13,031 --> 00:27:17,569
VISIT SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.

563
00:27:17,569 --> 00:27:26,611
>> IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO GET A

564
00:27:26,611 --> 00:27:28,446
LOOK AT ANY OF THE STORIES, GO

565
00:27:28,446 --> 00:27:29,748
TO YouTube AND Facebook

566
00:27:29,748 --> 00:27:31,049
AND LOOK AROUND.

567
00:27:31,049 --> 00:27:33,651
TAKE A PEAK AT THE OTHER COOL

568
00:27:33,651 --> 00:27:36,287
STUFF YOU WILL FIND ABOUT NASA.

569
00:27:36,287 --> 00:27:37,489
IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN GOOD

570
00:27:37,489 --> 00:27:39,424
CONVERSATION ABOUT HUMAN SPACE

571
00:27:39,424 --> 00:27:41,426
FLIGHT AND SPACE EXPLORATION,

572
00:27:41,426 --> 00:27:43,328
CHECK OUT HOUSTON, WE HAVE A

573
00:27:43,328 --> 00:27:45,463
PODCAST.

574
00:27:45,463 --> 00:27:46,765
WE TALK TO FOLKS ABOUT THEIR

575
00:27:46,765 --> 00:27:49,501
WORK IN ALL ASPECTS OF SPACE

576
00:27:49,501 --> 00:27:52,137
EXPLORATION INCLUDING MAKING

577
00:27:52,137 --> 00:27:55,573
PODCASTS.

578
00:27:55,573 --> 00:27:58,476
TODAY GARY JORDON PULLS THE

579
00:27:58,476 --> 00:28:00,678
PRODUCTION TEAM IN FRONT OF THE

580
00:28:00,678 --> 00:28:02,013
MICROPHONES.

581
00:28:02,013 --> 00:28:10,755
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST WHERE YOU

582
00:28:10,755 --> 00:28:12,590
FIND THE EPISODES.

583
00:28:12,590 --> 00:28:15,794
YOU CAN ALSO LISTEN TO ON APPLE

584
00:28:15,794 --> 00:28:16,795
PODCAST, GOOGLE PODCAST AND