>> GOOD MORNING.
WELCOME TO A VIEW OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM AT NASA'S
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER IN HOUSTON.
A TEAM OF SPECIALISTS IS ALWAYS
ON DUTY KEEPING TABS ON SYSTEMS
AND WORKING WITH THE EXPEDITION
CREW MEMBERS AS THEY TAKE CARE
OF EXPERIMENTS.
CHRIS CASSIDY AND HIS CREW MATES
DEMONSTRATING THE NEWEST
COMPONENT, THE SpaceX CREW
DRAGON SPACECRAFT AND MONITORED
UNDOCKING OF CARGO SHIP WRAPPING
UP ITS MISSION.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.
THIS WEEK A RUSSIAN CRAFT
DEPARTED THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION.
THE PROGRESS 74 WAS PACKED WITH
TRASH AND OBSOLETE GEAR.
IT HAS BEEN ATTACHED SINCE 2019.
AFTER SEPARATING FROM THE
STATION, THEY FIRED ENGINES OVER
THE PACIFIC AND BURNED UP
SAFELY.
THE NEXT CARGO SHIP IS SCHEDULED
FOR LAUNCH ON JULY 23 AND DOCK
TO THE STATION TWO ORBITS LATER.
THE CREW STAYED BUSY CONDUCTING
A HABITABILITY TEST OF CREW
DRAGON ENDEAVOR.
THEY VERIFIED THE FEATURES AND
FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING OPENING AND
CLOSING THE HATCH, OPERATING
DRAGON'S WASTE SYSTEMS, DAWNING
SPACE SUITS AND MOVING CARGO
BACK INTO THE VEHICLE.
THEY WERE JOINED BY TWO OTHER
CREW MEMBERS TO ASSESS THE
SPACECRAFT.
THE DEMO-2 MISSION IS THE FINAL
STEP BEFORE THEY CERTIFY FOR
LONG DURATIONS TO THE SPACE
STATION.
THIS WILL ENABLE NASA TO
CONTINUE THE IMPORTANT RESEARCH
TAKING PLACE ON BOARD THE
STATION WHICH BENEFITS PEOPLE ON
EARTH AND LAYS THE GROUND WORK
FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION.
THIS WEEK'S QUESTION COMES FROM
CHRIS.
HE WANTS TO KNOW HOW MANY PEOPLE
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
CAN HOLD AT ANY GIVEN TIME.
THE SPACE STATION HAS BEEN
CONTINUOUSLY OCCUPIED SINCE
NOVEMBER 2000.
CREWS UP TO SIX PEOPLE HAVE
LIVED ON THE STATION.
BUT WITH THE DAWN OF THE
COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM, THAT
WILL INCREASE.
THE LIVING AND WORKING SPACE IS
LARGER THAN A SIX BEDROOM HOUSE
AND HAS SIX SLEEPING QUARTERS,
TWO BATHROOMS, GYM AND 360° VIEW
BAY WINDOW.
IN 2009, 13 PEOPLE WERE ON
BOARD.
WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
>> IGNITION.
>> YOU WITNESSED HISTORY WITH
THE FIRST CREW LAUNCHED AND
DOCKING OF THE SpaceX.
BUT YOU DIDN'T SEE THE ACTIVITY
ON BOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION UNTIL NOW.
TAKE A LOOK AT EXPEDITION 63
COMMANDER CHRIS CASSIDY SET UP
TO DOCUMENT THE LAUNCH AND SEE
THEIR POINT OF VIEW AS THE NEW
AMERICAN SPACECRAFT DOCKED TO
THE STATION AND DELIVERED NEW
CREW MEMBERS.
>> OKAY.
HISTORIC DAY FOR OUR NATION AND
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE PROGRAM.
IT'S A SECOND ATTEMPT FOR BOB
AND DOUG TO LAUNCH ON CREW
DRAGON.
BEHIND THIS HATCH IS WHERE THEY
WILL DOCK TOMORROW.
WE'LL TALK ABOUT THIS SPECIAL
FLAG RIGHT HERE.
THIS FLAG WAS FIRST FLOWN ON STS
1 WITH JOHN YOUNG AND BOB.
IT WAS FLOWN AT THE END OF THE
SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM, DOUG
HAPPENED TO BE A CREW MEMBER ON
THAT MISSION AS WELL.
135 BROUGHT THIS FLAG TO THE
SPACE STATION WITH THE INTENT
THAT IT WOULD BE RETURNED WITH
THE RETURN OF THE FIRST
COMMERCIAL CREW ROCKET THAT
WOULD LAUNCH FROM FLORIDA.
AT THE CONCLUSION OF THEIR STAY
ON BOARD THE SPACE STATION WITH
US, THEY WILL RETURN THIS FLAG
WITH THEM AND COMPLETE THE
JOURNEY, IF YOU WILL.
DOWN IN FLORIDA RIGHT NOW THEY
HAD THE GO, NO GO, FOR LAUNCH.
HISTORIC DAY.
I'M SUPER-HONORED AND EXCITED TO
BE PART OF IT IN A SMALL WAY AND
GREET THESE GUYS WHEN THEY COME
THROUGH THE HATCH.
IT MEANS A LOT TO EVERYBODY.
IT MEANS A LOT TO A LOT OF
PEOPLE.
A LOT OF HARD WORK.
ALL THE BEST FROM NODE 2 OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, THE
VERY FORWARD PART OF OUR SHIP.
THIS IS THE BOW, SO TO SPEAK.
AND GO, DRAGON.
>> TAKE IT AWAY, DON.
>> SpaceX LAUNCH DAY.
YOU HEARD HIM, T MINUS 13
MINUTES.
>> UNDER THE FIRST BENCH.
THAT SHOULD FINISH UP.
>> JUST SAID THE LAST GO, NO GO
FOR WEATHER IN SEVEN MINUTES.
>> ON THE FIRST AND SECOND
STAGE, JUST LIKE WE DO.
THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT.
>> WE HAVE CAMERAS GOING AT THE
WINDOWS.
YVONNE HAS A CAMERA.
WE HAVE A CAMERA IN THE WHARF
WINDOW.
THERE'S YVONNE, HE'S SETTING UP
A CAMERA.
WE ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT THE
BEST ANGLE TO GET PICTURES.
TEN MINUTES TO GO.
MAN.
READY FOR LAUNCH.
>> ON BEHALF OF [INDISCERNIBLE].
>> IT IS ABSOLUTELY OUR HONOR TO
BE PART OF THIS HUGE EFFORT WITH
THE UNITED STATES BACK IN THE
LAUNCH BUSINESS.
WE'LL TALK TO YOU MORE.
BUT THANK YOU.
>> HERE WE GO!
>> SO CLOSE.
>> ONE MINUTE.
>> SET-UP STARTED.
WANT TO GET THE PICTURE IN THE
WHARF.
>> THREE AND A HALF MINUTES TO
LAUNCH.
>> GREAT PICTURES, RIGHT OVER
THE PAD.
COME ON.
>> DRAGON, SpaceX, GO FOR
LAUNCH.
>> YEAH!
>> T MINUS 30 SECONDS.
>> HERE WE GO.
>> GET IT, GET IT, GET IT.
>> T MINUS 15 SECONDS.
TEN, NINE, EIGHT, SEVEN, SIX,
FIVE, FOUR, THREE, TWO, ONE,
ZERO.
IGNITION, LIFTOFF, AS THE FALCON
NINE AND CREW DRAGON, SpaceX,
GOD SPEED DOUG AND BOB.
>> THIS IS A NEW GENERATION.
20 SECONDS INTO FLIGHT.
>> HERE WE GO.
>> 30 SECONDS FOR THIS HISTORIC
MISSION.
>> SPACE ONE LANDING SHORTLY
AFTER.
>> JUST WITHIN A FEW SECONDS OF
EACH OTHER.
>> ABOUT 12 MINUTES IS WHEN
DRAGON WILL STEP UP.
WE SAW A G INDICATOR FLOATING
AROUND THERE.
>> OKAY.
WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TWO NEW
CREW MATES TOMORROW.
A FEW THINGS HAVE TO HAPPEN
BETWEEN NOW AND THEN.
BUT THIS IS A BIG DAY.
>> I SEE THEM DOCKING IN THE
MORNING.
HURRY UP AND GET MY EXERCISE IN.
A BUSY DAY WITH OTHER STUFF.
SUPER EXCITING.
WHAT AN AWESOME DAY YESTERDAY TO
WATCH THAT LAUNCH GO.
KNOWING THAT THEY ARE COMING
HERE, MADE IT EVEN MORE SPECIAL.
>> ALL RIGHT.
I GOT TO GET MY EXERCISE.
>> HOLDING AT 200 METERS RIGHT
NOW.
RIGHT NOW THEY ARE JUST WRAPPING
UP MANUAL FLIGHT TEST
OBJECTIVES.
AND IN A SHORT LITTLE BIT
STARTING TO APPROACH TWO.
THIS PROCEDURE HERE WHICH WE ARE
FOLLOWING ALONG, MONITORING
DRAGON FLIGHT TEST.
VEHICLE MODE IS MANUAL FLIGHT.
THERE THEY ARE.
AND THAT'S 200 METERS FROM THE
CENTER LINE OF THE SPACE
STATION.
AS SOON AS I GET EVERYTHING
200 METERS HERE, I'M GOING TO
SWITCH TO A DIFFERENT REFERENCE
POINT, FROM THE DOCKING PORT.
>> HOLD BRIEFLY AT 1.2.
REMINDER THAT [INDISCERNIBLE]
GROUND IS PREPARING FOR THE
FINAL APPROACH.
>> CHRIS, YOU CAN MONITOR NOW
FOR STEP 2.
RETRIEVE MONITOR.
>> COPY, STEP 2 ALERT.
STEPS 3 AND 4 IS COMPLETE.
CREW ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION IS READY FOR DOCKING.
20 METERS.
HERE WE GO.
GO FOR DOCKING.
IT'S A GOOD ONE.
COPY, STEPS 3 AND 4.
>> BIG LOOP.
>> VISOR IS DOWN.
SITTING RIGHT THERE, 20 METERS
FROM THE DOCKING PORT.
ONE MORE VIEW.
>> ON THE BIG LOOP, WE ARE
INBOUND.
[INDISCERNIBLE]
TAKES A LONG TIME.
>> I GOT SOME.
WRONG CAMERA.
[LAUGHTER]
>> DRAGON, SpaceX DOCKING
SEQUENCE IS COMPLETE.
>> SpaceX DRAGON, WE COPY.
SEQUENCE COMPLETE.
JUST LIKE TO SAY IT'S BEEN A
REAL HONOR TO BE A SMALL PART OF
THIS ENDEAVOR SINCE THE LAST
TIME THE UNITED STATES DOCKED AT
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
[BELL RINGING]
>> DRAGON ARRIVING.
THE CREW OF EXPEDITION 63 IS
HONORED TO WELCOME DRAGON AND
THE COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM
ABOARD.
GLAD TO HAVE YOU AS PART OF THE
CREW.
WELL DONE.
>> THANK YOU, CHRIS.
>> WE HAVE DRAGON.
>> GOT IT?
>> YEAH.
>> HELLO!
>> HELLO, HOW ARE YOU?
>> DOING GREAT!
HOW WAS YOUR NIGHT OF SLEEP?
>> WASN'T TOO BAD.
>> GO IN.
>> SOUNDS LIKE OPENING.
HERE COMES THE HANDLE.
HERE WE GO!
WOW, IT'S QUIET.
YOU CAN SEE THE MECHANISM IS
ROTATING.
CLICKS AT THE END.
WHAT'S UP, BIG DOGS HE?
>> HOW YOU DOING?
>> HOW ARE YOU DOING?
THAT'S A SMOOTH HATCH.
COULDN'T EVEN HEAR THE
MECHANISMS MOVING.
>> I DIDN'T EVEN FEEL IT DOCK.
>> WE HAVE BOB BEHNKEN ENTERING
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
FOLLOWED BY DOUG HURLEY.
>> YOU COULD GO ON-LINE AND READ
ABOUT CHRIS CASSIDY'S
EDUCATIONAL AND MILITARY
BACKGROUND AND HISTORY AS A NASA
ASTRONAUT.
YOU REALLY NEVER KNOW SOMEONE
UNTIL YOU KNOW THEIR FAVORITE
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OR THINGS
THEY HOPE TO BE REMEMBERED FOR.
CASSIDY SHED SOME LIGHT ON THOSE
THINGS AND MORE AS THE CLOCK
COUNTED DOWN TO HIS THIRD TRIP
TO SPACE.
>> ROGER.
>> WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE SEASON?
>> FALL.
>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE
CONSTELLATION?
>> ORION.
>> WHAT INSTRUMENT.
>> VIOLA.
>> MORNING OR NIGHT PERSON?
>> MORNING.
>> ONE THING YOU ARE AFRAID OF?
>> SCREWING UP ON A SPACE
MISSION.
>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE BOOK?
>> COUNT OF MONTE CHRISTO.
>> FAVORITE DANCE MOVE?
>> SPRINKLER.
>> GUILTY PLEASURE?
>> EATING ICE CREAM.
>> ACCOMPLISHMENT YOU ARE MOST
PROUD OF?
>> GRADUATING ACADEMY.
>> WHAT ADVICE?
>> COMMUNICATE.
>> WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE
REMEMBERED FOR?
>> HAVING THE GREATEST NBA
THREE-POINT PERCENTAGE.
>> THE STRUCTURE OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
RELIES ON A SERIES OF TRUSSES
ENGINEERED TO WITHSTAND THE
DIFFERENT FORCES THE STATION MAY
ENCOUNTER IN LOWER EARTH ORBIT.
IN THIS VIDEO, ASTRONAUT RICKY
ARNOLD EXPLAINS THE SIGNIFICANCE
OF THESE STRUCTURES AND THE
FORCES THEY ARE UP AGAINST IN
MICROGRAVITY.
>> HI THERE.
I'M RICKY ARNOLD.
WELCOME ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
TODAY WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT
THE SPACE STATION TRUSS.
THE TRUSS SEGMENT IS A HUNDRED
METERS FROM SIDE TO SIDE.
IT'S A SEGMENT WHERE PART OF THE
WHOLE INTEGRATED TRUSS
STRUCTURE.
THEY SUPPORT THE 16 SOLAR PANELS
AND GET RID OF EXCESS HEAT.
THE DESIGN OF THE TRUSS INVOLVES
TRIANGLES AND BEAMS WHICH CAN BE
SEEN IN STRUCTURES LIKE BRIDGES.
WHY TRIANGLES?
THIS IS BECAUSE OF THE UNIQUE
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES,
TRANSFERRING LOADS.
TRIANGLES ARE MORE RIGID BECAUSE
THEY HAVE FEWER JOINTS.
THE MORE PRONE THAT SHAPE IS TO
BE IMPACTED BY SHEAR FORCES.
WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO TALK ABOUT
IS SOME OF THE FORCES THAT CAN
ACT UPON THE TRUSS.
THE FIRST IS COMPRESSION FORCE.
IT'S LIKE IT SOUNDS, COMING
TOGETHER.
IF WE APPLY COMPRESSION FORCE,
WHAT DO YOU THINK IS GOING TO
HAPPEN?
LET ME GO AHEAD AND DO IT.
YOU CAN SEE RIGHT HERE WHERE THE
TRUSS WOULD BEND.
THE OPPOSITE FORCE OF
COMPRESSION IS?
YOU ARE RIGHT, IT'S GOING TO BE
PULLING APART, WE CALL THAT A
TENSION FORCE.
IT'S WHAT'S GOING TO HELP MAYBE
RIGIDIZE THE TRUSS SEGMENT, BUT
IT COULD PULL IT APART.
I'M NOT GOING TO PULL APART THIS
TAPE MEASURE, I NEED IT FOR
LATER.
THIS NEXT FORCE IS A TWISTING
FORCE.
WE CALL THAT TORSION.
EVEN WHEN I LET GO OF THE TAPE
MEASURE, IT WILL HAPPEN.
YOU CAN SEE BECAUSE THE CENTER
OF MASS IS RIGHT HERE WHERE MOST
OF THE TAPE MEASURE IS LOCATED,
WHEN I LET IT GO, THE TAPE
MEASURE ITSELF STARTS TO TWIST
JUST A LITTLE BIT.
FINALLY, THE FOURTH FORCE CAN
OCCUR AT A SINGLE POINT WHERE
TWO OPPOSING FORCES WORK AT A
SINGLE POINT.
THINK ABOUT SOME EARTHQUAKES.
YOU CAN HAVE A QUAKE WHERE ONE
SIDE IS BEING MOVED UPWARD, THE
OTHER SIDE IS DOWNWARD.
THAT'S CALLED A SHEAR FORCE.
WE COULD HAVE THAT HAPPEN ON THE
TRUSS SEGMENT.
SOMETHING LIKE THIS.
ONE THING TO THINK ABOUT, WHERE
DO THESE FORCES COME FROM.
EVEN THOUGH WE ARE UP HERE OUT
OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, WE
STILL HAVE DRAG WHICH CAN IMPART
LOADS, IMPART A FORCE ON THE
TRUSS SEGMENT.
ANOTHER IS CREW WORKING INSIDE.
WE ARE UP HERE, EXERCISING,
MOVING HEAVY PIECES OF EQUIPMENT
AROUND.
SO WE HAVE AN AMAZING
ENGINEERING TEAM ON THE GROUND.
WE HAVE SPECIFIC DISCIPLINES,
THEIR JOB IS TO MONITOR THE
FORCES IMPARTED UPON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
THEY KEEP TRACK OF THOSE VARIOUS
FORCES AND WHERE THEY COULD BE
COMING FROM, ATMOSPHERE AND
VISITING VEHICLES.
AND TO MAKE SURE THOSE FORCES
AREN'T SIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO
CAUSE DAMAGE TO THIS LABORATORY
WE HAVE HERE IN LOWER EARTH
ORBIT.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING ME HERE
TODAY.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
SO LONG.
>> PROJECT ARTEMIS.
THE EFFORT TO RETURN ASTRONAUTS
TO THE MOON BY 2024 HAS
SCIENTISTS EXCITED ABOUT USING
THE WATER THAT EXISTS ON THE
MOON.
THE PRESENCE OF WATER ON THE
MOON IS RELATIVELY RECENT
DISCOVERY.
ONE THAT OPENS UP EXCITING
POSSIBILITIES FOR THE FUTURE
WHILE SPARKING QUESTIONS ABOUT
WHERE THAT WATER CAME FROM.
>> EXPLORING THE PRESENCE OF
WATER ON THE MOON, I'M JIM
GREEN, NASA'S CHIEF SCIENTIST.
>> WE ARE GOING TO THE MOON.
[APPLAUSE]
>> AS NASA PREPARES TO RETURN TO
THE MOON, ONE OF THE MANY
EXCITING OPPORTUNITIES IS THE
ABILITY TO USE THE WATER THERE.
THE PRESENCE OF WATER HAS BEEN A
RECENT DISCOVERY, OPENING UP
MANY EXCITING POSSIBILITIES FOR
FUTURE EXPLORATION AND JUST AS
MANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE WATER'S
ORIGINS.
IN THE LATE 1990s NASA'S LUNAR
MISSION FOUND EXTRA HYDROGEN AT
THE POLES.
ENTER THE OUTCROSS MISSION, TO
DETERMINE THE TYPE AND AMOUNT OF
HYDROGEN THAT MIGHT BE PRESENCE
JUST BELOW THE MOON'S POLAR
REGIONS.
TONI IS A SCIENTIST AT AMES
RESEARCH CENTER.
AND WAS CHIEF INVESTIGATOR.
>> TO DETERMINE THE FORM OF
HYDROGEN, WE NEEDED TO ACCESS
MATERIAL BELOW THE SURFACE.
SO WE LAUNCHED A ROCKET TO THE
MOON AND DIRECTED IT TO NEAR ONE
OF THE SHADOWED CRATERS.
WE HAD A PROBE WITH NINE
DIFFERENT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
FOLLOWING THE PLUME'S
TRAJECTORY.
THE SPACECRAFT WAS ALSO MAKING
OBSERVATIONS WHILE MAPPING THE
LUNAR SURFACE FROM ITS ORBIT
AROUND THE MOON.
IT HADN'T SEEN THE SUN IN
2 BILLION YEARS.
WE FOUND WATER.
ABOUT 5% BY WEIGHT.
>> NOW WE KNOW THERE IS WATER ON
THE MOON.
>> RESEARCH SCIENTIST JAN IS
ALSO AT AMES.
SHE TELLS WHY IT'S MORE THAN
JUST A SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY.
>> I BELIEVE WE'LL BE LIVING ON
THE MOON FOR EXTENDED PERIODS OF
TIME.
WATER IS H2O, AND WE CAN BREAK
IT APART.
SO NOW WE HAVE A SOURCE OF
HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN THAT MAY BE
ABLE TO BE USED FOR ROCKET FUEL
AS WELL AS BREATHING.
WATER ON THE MOON GIVES YOU A
NEW PARADIME FOR FUTURE SPACE
EXPLORATION.
>> IN THE TEN YEARS WE HAVE
STUDIED WATER AT THE LUNAR POLES
FROM ORBIT WITH INSTRUMENTS ON
SEVERAL MISSIONS.
WE STILL HAVE LOTS OF QUESTIONS.
WHERE, FOR INSTANCE, DID THE
WATER COME FROM.
SOME BELIEVE THAT THE WATER AND
OTHER VOLATILES CAN BE
REMNANTINGS OF COMETS AND
ASTEROID IMPACTS OVER BILLIONS
OF YEARS.
OTHERS POINT TO METEOR SHOWERS
THAT CAN BE SEEN PRODUCING
WATER.
WHERE EXACTLY IS THE WATER?
WE HAVE CONFIRMED IT EXISTS NEAR
THE MOON'S SOUTH POLE WHERE THE
L-CROSS IMPACT OCCURRED.
HOW PLENTIFUL IS IT AND CAN WE
EXPECT IT FIND IT IN OTHER SUPER
COLD REGIONS.
>> WE CAN'T ANSWER WITH ANY
CERTAINTY UNTIL WE VISIT THE
MOON.
>> THIRSTING FOR MORE
INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHANGING
SCIENCE OF THE MOON?
VISIT SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>> IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO GET A
LOOK AT ANY OF THE STORIES, GO
TO YouTube AND Facebook
AND LOOK AROUND.
TAKE A PEAK AT THE OTHER COOL
STUFF YOU WILL FIND ABOUT NASA.
IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN GOOD
CONVERSATION ABOUT HUMAN SPACE
FLIGHT AND SPACE EXPLORATION,
CHECK OUT HOUSTON, WE HAVE A
PODCAST.
WE TALK TO FOLKS ABOUT THEIR
WORK IN ALL ASPECTS OF SPACE
EXPLORATION INCLUDING MAKING
PODCASTS.
TODAY GARY JORDON PULLS THE
PRODUCTION TEAM IN FRONT OF THE
MICROPHONES.
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCAST WHERE YOU
FIND THE EPISODES.
YOU CAN ALSO LISTEN TO ON APPLE
PODCAST, GOOGLE PODCAST AND