1 00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:15,839 ignition sequence start good morning 2 00:00:14,099 --> 00:00:18,119 you're looking at Mission Control 3 00:00:15,839 --> 00:00:19,949 Houston and the members of the orbit 2 4 00:00:18,119 --> 00:00:21,660 team of flight controllers who are 5 00:00:19,949 --> 00:00:23,850 keeping tabs on the systems of the 6 00:00:21,660 --> 00:00:25,590 International Space Station and working 7 00:00:23,850 --> 00:00:27,750 with the crew members as the five 8 00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:30,050 astronauts and cosmonauts wrap up their 9 00:00:27,750 --> 00:00:32,790 first full week on orbit together 10 00:00:30,050 --> 00:00:34,860 commander Chris Cassidy and his American 11 00:00:32,790 --> 00:00:36,809 and Russian crewmates have been focused 12 00:00:34,860 --> 00:00:38,879 on integrating the newest crew members 13 00:00:36,809 --> 00:00:40,020 into daily life on the station that 14 00:00:38,879 --> 00:00:41,790 includes 15 00:00:40,020 --> 00:00:43,500 getting them acquainted with some of the 16 00:00:41,790 --> 00:00:46,140 science experiments that are underway 17 00:00:43,500 --> 00:00:49,079 like one focused on improving our 18 00:00:46,140 --> 00:00:53,480 understanding of how and why hurricanes 19 00:00:49,079 --> 00:00:53,480 get stronger under certain conditions 20 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:59,370 welcome to space to ground I'm Sandra 21 00:00:56,879 --> 00:01:00,840 Jones this week a science investigation 22 00:00:59,370 --> 00:01:02,190 is underway that could improve our 23 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:04,470 understanding of hurricane 24 00:01:02,190 --> 00:01:06,270 intensification and the latest Space 25 00:01:04,470 --> 00:01:09,900 Station crew members have been busy 26 00:01:06,270 --> 00:01:11,310 adjusting to life back in space not all 27 00:01:09,900 --> 00:01:12,990 science experiments aboard the 28 00:01:11,310 --> 00:01:14,880 International Space Station require 29 00:01:12,990 --> 00:01:16,799 heavy crew involvement thanks to 30 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:18,960 increasing automation and coordination 31 00:01:16,799 --> 00:01:21,330 with ground teams the European Space 32 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:23,939 Agency's atmosphere space interactions 33 00:01:21,330 --> 00:01:25,920 monitor is one such example this Earth 34 00:01:23,939 --> 00:01:27,960 Observation facility studies severe 35 00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:29,939 thunderstorms and their role in Earth's 36 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:32,159 atmosphere and climate using upper 37 00:01:29,939 --> 00:01:34,590 atmospheric lightning this lightning 38 00:01:32,159 --> 00:01:37,110 also known as transient luminous events 39 00:01:34,590 --> 00:01:38,729 or terrestrial gamma-ray flashes occur 40 00:01:37,110 --> 00:01:40,650 well above the altitudes of normal 41 00:01:38,729 --> 00:01:42,570 lightning and storm clouds and include 42 00:01:40,650 --> 00:01:45,899 phenomena with names like red sprites 43 00:01:42,570 --> 00:01:47,610 blue Jets and elves the Space Station's 44 00:01:45,899 --> 00:01:50,009 low Earth orbit provides an ideal 45 00:01:47,610 --> 00:01:52,560 platform for measuring upper atmospheric 46 00:01:50,009 --> 00:01:54,299 lightning by studying upper atmospheric 47 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:56,490 lightning we can improve our knowledge 48 00:01:54,299 --> 00:01:59,159 of the effects of dust storms pollutants 49 00:01:56,490 --> 00:02:01,979 from cities forest fires volcano a cloud 50 00:01:59,159 --> 00:02:03,800 formation and electrification as well as 51 00:02:01,979 --> 00:02:05,810 our understanding of hurricane intense 52 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:08,690 vacation and the relation to I wall 53 00:02:05,810 --> 00:02:10,550 lightning activity this insight could be 54 00:02:08,690 --> 00:02:12,350 especially beneficial back on earth as 55 00:02:10,550 --> 00:02:14,120 June 1st marked the official beginning 56 00:02:12,350 --> 00:02:16,690 of Atlantic hurricane season and 57 00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:19,580 tropical activity is already underway 58 00:02:16,690 --> 00:02:21,350 NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug 59 00:02:19,580 --> 00:02:23,120 Hurley the latest Space Station 60 00:02:21,350 --> 00:02:25,160 inhabitants have been busy adjusting 61 00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:27,530 back to life in space following their 62 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:30,110 historic launch on May 30th aboard the 63 00:02:27,530 --> 00:02:31,970 SpaceX crew Dragon vehicle they took a 64 00:02:30,110 --> 00:02:34,910 few moments to reflect on their new 65 00:02:31,970 --> 00:02:37,790 normal aboard the orbiting outpost it's 66 00:02:34,910 --> 00:02:40,700 going pretty well we've just gone over 67 00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:43,100 our first week in space this trip and 68 00:02:40,700 --> 00:02:45,230 been very busy we even got to work a 69 00:02:43,100 --> 00:02:48,140 little bit on Saturday fixing our 70 00:02:45,230 --> 00:02:50,330 treadmill so all-in-all it's been great 71 00:02:48,140 --> 00:02:52,760 it's great to spend time with Chris he's 72 00:02:50,330 --> 00:02:55,070 a great crew mate and of course Bob and 73 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:57,860 I are just trying to get our space legs 74 00:02:55,070 --> 00:02:59,900 and hopefully we can contribute to the 75 00:02:57,860 --> 00:03:02,570 science and we're doing a lot of 76 00:02:59,900 --> 00:03:04,700 transfer with the HTV vehicle up here 77 00:03:02,570 --> 00:03:06,470 and then we're getting ready for some 78 00:03:04,700 --> 00:03:09,050 EVs at the end of the month so a lot 79 00:03:06,470 --> 00:03:10,730 going on right now this week's question 80 00:03:09,050 --> 00:03:12,110 comes from Michael who wants to know if 81 00:03:10,730 --> 00:03:14,200 you can see the International Space 82 00:03:12,110 --> 00:03:16,640 Station without the use of a telescope 83 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:18,920 while Michael the space station is the 84 00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:20,840 third brightest object in the sky and is 85 00:03:18,920 --> 00:03:23,150 easy to spot if you know when to look up 86 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:25,310 visible to the naked eye it looks like a 87 00:03:23,150 --> 00:03:26,840 fast-moving plane you can check to see 88 00:03:25,310 --> 00:03:28,700 when the space station is flying over 89 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:31,970 unix by heading to the spot the station 90 00:03:28,700 --> 00:03:34,459 website keep sending in your questions 91 00:03:31,970 --> 00:03:36,240 using the hashtag ask NASA we'll see you 92 00:03:34,459 --> 00:03:47,159 next week 93 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:47,159 [Music] 94 00:03:50,549 --> 00:03:55,540 the arrival at the International Space 95 00:03:53,319 --> 00:03:58,269 Station of the first crewmembers to fly 96 00:03:55,540 --> 00:04:00,670 on a commercial space vehicle is a step 97 00:03:58,269 --> 00:04:03,129 into a new era of human spaceflight 98 00:04:00,670 --> 00:04:05,829 and it'll help extend the continuous 99 00:04:03,129 --> 00:04:08,470 human presence in space that began when 100 00:04:05,829 --> 00:04:10,510 bill Shepard uriga xenca an SEC a 101 00:04:08,470 --> 00:04:13,540 curriculum arrived at this space station 102 00:04:10,510 --> 00:04:15,790 almost 20 years ago through the support 103 00:04:13,540 --> 00:04:17,769 of scientific research and the testing 104 00:04:15,790 --> 00:04:19,870 of a new fleet of vehicles we are 105 00:04:17,769 --> 00:04:24,789 gaining the knowledge that is vital to 106 00:04:19,870 --> 00:04:27,520 our future in space the International 107 00:04:24,789 --> 00:04:30,220 Space Station the football-field-sized 108 00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:34,180 million pound laboratory flying around 109 00:04:30,220 --> 00:04:37,120 planet Earth at 17,500 miles per hour 110 00:04:34,180 --> 00:04:39,190 it's our home in low-earth orbit and the 111 00:04:37,120 --> 00:04:42,190 bridge to exploring the far reaches of 112 00:04:39,190 --> 00:04:46,210 our solar system a place to learn what 113 00:04:42,190 --> 00:04:49,389 it takes to live to work to thrive in 114 00:04:46,210 --> 00:04:51,130 space thanks to space agencies 115 00:04:49,389 --> 00:04:53,139 representing more than a dozen countries 116 00:04:51,130 --> 00:04:55,570 around the world it went from the 117 00:04:53,139 --> 00:04:59,169 drawing board to liftoff when the first 118 00:04:55,570 --> 00:05:01,510 piece flew into space in 1998 that 119 00:04:59,169 --> 00:05:04,300 kicked off over a decade of construction 120 00:05:01,510 --> 00:05:06,340 hauling the station to orbit piece by 121 00:05:04,300 --> 00:05:09,460 piece on NASA's Space Shuttle and 122 00:05:06,340 --> 00:05:12,099 Russian rockets and after the first crew 123 00:05:09,460 --> 00:05:14,470 arrived in November 2000 we started an 124 00:05:12,099 --> 00:05:17,949 unbroken streak of humans living and 125 00:05:14,470 --> 00:05:21,490 working in space building on the legacy 126 00:05:17,949 --> 00:05:23,440 of past outposts like Skylab and Mir the 127 00:05:21,490 --> 00:05:25,330 International Space Station became the 128 00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:28,150 training ground for humanity's next 129 00:05:25,330 --> 00:05:30,389 great journeys learning how to live in 130 00:05:28,150 --> 00:05:32,980 space for extreme periods of time 131 00:05:30,389 --> 00:05:34,900 building and perfecting the technologies 132 00:05:32,980 --> 00:05:37,449 necessary to travel to our neighbors in 133 00:05:34,900 --> 00:05:39,760 the solar system it gave us a place 134 00:05:37,449 --> 00:05:42,190 right on our doorstep to prepare for the 135 00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:44,919 next giant leap into the unknown and 136 00:05:42,190 --> 00:05:48,190 thanks to the station a new era in outer 137 00:05:44,919 --> 00:05:50,320 space is unfolding what was once the 138 00:05:48,190 --> 00:05:52,870 domain of only nations and governments 139 00:05:50,320 --> 00:05:55,930 is now populated by a growing space 140 00:05:52,870 --> 00:05:58,630 fleet from American industry private 141 00:05:55,930 --> 00:06:01,720 spacecraft to fly cargo and crew members 142 00:05:58,630 --> 00:06:04,270 new habitats and technologies for future 143 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:07,540 space missions and an open door for 144 00:06:04,270 --> 00:06:10,090 companies research institutions and even 145 00:06:07,540 --> 00:06:12,310 students around the world to do research 146 00:06:10,090 --> 00:06:15,490 in space that have never had the 147 00:06:12,310 --> 00:06:18,810 opportunity before all laying the 148 00:06:15,490 --> 00:06:21,750 foundation for a robust economy in space 149 00:06:18,810 --> 00:06:25,539 there have been thousands of experiments 150 00:06:21,750 --> 00:06:28,690 hundreds of spacewalks endless hours of 151 00:06:25,539 --> 00:06:30,789 challenges and successes all done by 152 00:06:28,690 --> 00:06:33,639 humans hailing from countries around the 153 00:06:30,789 --> 00:06:35,830 globe the International Space Station is 154 00:06:33,639 --> 00:06:37,870 what we can achieve as a planet when we 155 00:06:35,830 --> 00:06:40,770 come together to do the things that are 156 00:06:37,870 --> 00:06:43,690 hard and the work isn't slowing down 157 00:06:40,770 --> 00:06:46,710 because we're ready for the next giant 158 00:06:43,690 --> 00:06:49,330 leap because we're ready to go farther 159 00:06:46,710 --> 00:06:52,240 because what we do and learn along the 160 00:06:49,330 --> 00:06:53,900 way is for the benefit of all of 161 00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:55,960 humankind 162 00:06:53,900 --> 00:06:55,960 you 163 00:07:00,330 --> 00:07:04,800 part of the science mission of the 164 00:07:02,639 --> 00:07:06,210 International Space Station is to take 165 00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:07,889 advantage of the weightless environment 166 00:07:06,210 --> 00:07:10,229 in low-earth orbit 167 00:07:07,889 --> 00:07:13,020 to do research on technologies that can 168 00:07:10,229 --> 00:07:16,229 benefit future exploration orb life on 169 00:07:13,020 --> 00:07:18,629 Earth or maybe both for example the 170 00:07:16,229 --> 00:07:21,659 station is home to the reef fabricator a 171 00:07:18,629 --> 00:07:24,870 3d printer that can make things and then 172 00:07:21,659 --> 00:07:32,580 recycle them in 3d print new things with 173 00:07:24,870 --> 00:07:40,250 the same plastic the N space refabricate 174 00:07:32,580 --> 00:07:40,250 er presented by science at NASA 175 00:07:41,719 --> 00:07:46,949 while 3d printers are technology that 176 00:07:44,699 --> 00:07:49,169 many people are familiar with there's 177 00:07:46,949 --> 00:07:51,289 one 250 miles above us on the 178 00:07:49,169 --> 00:07:54,300 International Space Station or ISS 179 00:07:51,289 --> 00:07:57,719 that's unlike anything currently found 180 00:07:54,300 --> 00:08:00,750 on earth it's known as the refabricate 181 00:07:57,719 --> 00:08:03,479 er a hybrid 3d printer that can recycle 182 00:08:00,750 --> 00:08:06,960 it's hard polymer plastic numerous times 183 00:08:03,479 --> 00:08:09,330 to make new items about the size of a 184 00:08:06,960 --> 00:08:11,520 dorm room refrigerator the device is 185 00:08:09,330 --> 00:08:13,860 controlled by operators on earth who 186 00:08:11,520 --> 00:08:18,240 oversee its manufacturing via video 187 00:08:13,860 --> 00:08:20,219 cameras Niki Werkheiser NASA's n space 188 00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:22,819 manufacturing manager at Marshall Space 189 00:08:20,219 --> 00:08:25,710 Flight Center in Huntsville Alabama says 190 00:08:22,819 --> 00:08:27,960 recyclers on earth grind plastic pellets 191 00:08:25,710 --> 00:08:30,300 to create their products but that 192 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:32,430 grinding creates material shear which 193 00:08:30,300 --> 00:08:35,029 prevents you from reusing that plastic 194 00:08:32,430 --> 00:08:37,860 again it's no longer strong enough for 195 00:08:35,029 --> 00:08:40,560 this technology demonstration the 196 00:08:37,860 --> 00:08:42,779 company tethers unlimited developed a 197 00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:45,720 novel recycling process that doesn't 198 00:08:42,779 --> 00:08:49,080 require grinding and that allows us to 199 00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:51,630 recycle the plastic multiple times 200 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:53,760 the ability to reuse the plastic over 201 00:08:51,630 --> 00:08:56,880 and over again is essential for 202 00:08:53,760 --> 00:08:59,670 long-term space exploration where kaiser 203 00:08:56,880 --> 00:09:01,740 says we can replace a lot of the things 204 00:08:59,670 --> 00:09:03,269 we need when we're orbiting above earth 205 00:09:01,740 --> 00:09:05,640 we just have them delivered on a 206 00:09:03,269 --> 00:09:07,920 resupply mission but when you're in deep 207 00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:10,019 space you don't have that option you 208 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:12,510 have to have the ability to make all the 209 00:09:10,019 --> 00:09:16,380 parts you might need and without having 210 00:09:12,510 --> 00:09:18,420 a large stockpile of extra materials the 211 00:09:16,380 --> 00:09:20,940 refabricate er can even recycle plastic 212 00:09:18,420 --> 00:09:23,850 items not normally associated with 213 00:09:20,940 --> 00:09:26,220 earthbound 3d printers for instance 214 00:09:23,850 --> 00:09:27,899 almost all of the materials that are 215 00:09:26,220 --> 00:09:31,529 delivered to the station are packed 216 00:09:27,899 --> 00:09:33,480 using foam or plastic bags both can be 217 00:09:31,529 --> 00:09:35,670 loaded into the refabricate ER to 218 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:38,220 deliver items such as a plastic syringe 219 00:09:35,670 --> 00:09:41,459 an eating utensil or a custom-made 220 00:09:38,220 --> 00:09:43,500 wrench that ability limits the amount of 221 00:09:41,459 --> 00:09:46,500 backup materials you need to take with 222 00:09:43,500 --> 00:09:50,120 you on a long range expedition after all 223 00:09:46,500 --> 00:09:52,829 in space space is at a premium 224 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:54,930 the refabricate errs technology 225 00:09:52,829 --> 00:09:58,529 demonstration will be composed of two 226 00:09:54,930 --> 00:10:00,360 phases during each phase the refabricate 227 00:09:58,529 --> 00:10:02,370 er will perform seven cycles of 228 00:10:00,360 --> 00:10:05,970 recycling and printing parts while 229 00:10:02,370 --> 00:10:07,890 onboard the ISS all of the items printed 230 00:10:05,970 --> 00:10:09,959 by the refabricate er will eventually be 231 00:10:07,890 --> 00:10:12,660 sent back to Earth for testing and 232 00:10:09,959 --> 00:10:14,820 analysis to determine the effects of 233 00:10:12,660 --> 00:10:17,790 repeated recycling on the material 234 00:10:14,820 --> 00:10:18,360 properties of the plastic were Kaiser 235 00:10:17,790 --> 00:10:20,430 Notes 236 00:10:18,360 --> 00:10:23,820 I'm very excited about this technology 237 00:10:20,430 --> 00:10:25,529 both in space and back on earth I can 238 00:10:23,820 --> 00:10:27,209 envision a day where you go to the 239 00:10:25,529 --> 00:10:29,070 grocery store and drop your water 240 00:10:27,209 --> 00:10:31,680 bottles and plastic bags into a 241 00:10:29,070 --> 00:10:34,740 refabricate er and then select your new 242 00:10:31,680 --> 00:10:36,870 phone case or a kitchen gadget or the 243 00:10:34,740 --> 00:10:39,870 raw filament that you can use in your 3d 244 00:10:36,870 --> 00:10:42,680 printer at home for more science from 245 00:10:39,870 --> 00:10:47,730 the international space station go to 246 00:10:42,680 --> 00:10:49,500 WWE gov slash ISS - science for more 247 00:10:47,730 --> 00:10:51,630 information about how the promise of 248 00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:52,840 future exploration is transforming 249 00:10:51,630 --> 00:10:57,280 today's technology 250 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:59,440 visit science.nasa.gov International 251 00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:01,990 Space Station crew members are the test 252 00:10:59,440 --> 00:11:04,900 subjects in some of the onboard research 253 00:11:01,990 --> 00:11:07,600 as scientists study how being in space 254 00:11:04,900 --> 00:11:09,670 affects the human body and that includes 255 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:12,490 studying how the crew members establish 256 00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:14,260 a routine for sleep which is a key to 257 00:11:12,490 --> 00:11:16,300 their being able to function to the best 258 00:11:14,260 --> 00:11:19,090 of their ability in this demonstration 259 00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:21,430 video astronaut ricky arnold talks about 260 00:11:19,090 --> 00:11:23,590 some of the problems with sleep in space 261 00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:41,860 and he shows us how the astronauts 262 00:11:23,590 --> 00:11:44,380 overcome them hi my name is Ricky Arnold 263 00:11:41,860 --> 00:11:46,630 on the International Space Station we 264 00:11:44,380 --> 00:11:48,730 get asked a lot how do we sleep in space 265 00:11:46,630 --> 00:11:50,260 and it's a great question because we all 266 00:11:48,730 --> 00:11:52,960 know how important a good night's sleep 267 00:11:50,260 --> 00:11:55,030 is if you're not getting a good night's 268 00:11:52,960 --> 00:11:57,940 sleep you can count on reduce cognitive 269 00:11:55,030 --> 00:11:59,770 function poorer reaction times it may be 270 00:11:57,940 --> 00:12:01,960 just being a little grumpy and up here 271 00:11:59,770 --> 00:12:04,870 in space just like on earth those are 272 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:06,340 things we all want to avoid so we go 273 00:12:04,870 --> 00:12:09,190 around the earth about every 90 minutes 274 00:12:06,340 --> 00:12:11,860 which means we get 16 sunrises and 275 00:12:09,190 --> 00:12:14,260 sunsets a day so how we sleep is a 276 00:12:11,860 --> 00:12:15,670 really good question because the sun's 277 00:12:14,260 --> 00:12:17,440 always getting ready to come up or it's 278 00:12:15,670 --> 00:12:19,570 getting ready to set we use those cues 279 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:21,310 on earth to let us know when it's time 280 00:12:19,570 --> 00:12:23,890 to begin our day and when it's time to 281 00:12:21,310 --> 00:12:26,110 end our day ricky is talking about 282 00:12:23,890 --> 00:12:28,120 circadian rhythm it's the body's natural 283 00:12:26,110 --> 00:12:30,970 regulator for sleep and wake cycles 284 00:12:28,120 --> 00:12:32,950 based on a 24-hour schedule those 16 285 00:12:30,970 --> 00:12:34,810 sunrises and sunsets he mentioned can 286 00:12:32,950 --> 00:12:36,010 cost circadian misalignment and sleep 287 00:12:34,810 --> 00:12:38,830 deficiencies during long-duration 288 00:12:36,010 --> 00:12:40,630 spaceflight the hazards of lost sleep 289 00:12:38,830 --> 00:12:42,910 can range from poor attention at schools 290 00:12:40,630 --> 00:12:46,060 to on-the-job errors to long-term sleep 291 00:12:42,910 --> 00:12:48,580 loss even chronic disease sleep is super 292 00:12:46,060 --> 00:12:51,500 important hey Ricky what are you doing 293 00:12:48,580 --> 00:12:53,510 on the space station to get some sleep 294 00:12:51,500 --> 00:12:55,220 well here in space we kind of have to do 295 00:12:53,510 --> 00:12:57,500 it artificially so we have these nice 296 00:12:55,220 --> 00:13:00,680 crew quarters it's about the size of a 297 00:12:57,500 --> 00:13:02,360 refrigerator it's very quiet the space 298 00:13:00,680 --> 00:13:06,140 station can be a little noisy but it's 299 00:13:02,360 --> 00:13:09,230 very quiet here and we can control light 300 00:13:06,140 --> 00:13:10,910 with a light switch if we are just 301 00:13:09,230 --> 00:13:12,380 middle of the day we have our lights the 302 00:13:10,910 --> 00:13:15,860 light like you're seeing right now which 303 00:13:12,380 --> 00:13:17,780 is this kind of standard lighting get 304 00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:20,180 close to the end of the evening you want 305 00:13:17,780 --> 00:13:21,710 to dim the light a little bit kind of 306 00:13:20,180 --> 00:13:23,330 for the end of the evening or if you're 307 00:13:21,710 --> 00:13:25,400 gonna be up late you need to keep awake 308 00:13:23,330 --> 00:13:30,500 we have a really bright light setting 309 00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:33,290 the other thing we have is off you see 310 00:13:30,500 --> 00:13:34,730 how dark it got another challenge 311 00:13:33,290 --> 00:13:36,350 sleeping on the International Space 312 00:13:34,730 --> 00:13:38,300 Station sleeping in microgravity is 313 00:13:36,350 --> 00:13:39,770 really nice because you can just float 314 00:13:38,300 --> 00:13:41,990 and stretch out and it's really 315 00:13:39,770 --> 00:13:43,340 comfortable the problem is but the air 316 00:13:41,990 --> 00:13:45,470 currents in the International Space 317 00:13:43,340 --> 00:13:47,120 Station you can very well float into a 318 00:13:45,470 --> 00:13:50,450 piece of hardware and hit your head or 319 00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:52,010 worse yet even break something so we got 320 00:13:50,450 --> 00:13:54,050 our sleeping bag here just almost like a 321 00:13:52,010 --> 00:13:56,540 sleeping bag on earth but as you can see 322 00:13:54,050 --> 00:13:58,130 we have bungee cords that help hold us 323 00:13:56,540 --> 00:14:01,250 up against the wall so I almost sleep 324 00:13:58,130 --> 00:14:04,190 standing up and also I do have a pillow 325 00:14:01,250 --> 00:14:05,570 it's just a bag full of clothes but I 326 00:14:04,190 --> 00:14:07,280 actually keep it up on the top of my 327 00:14:05,570 --> 00:14:08,900 head because I'm a little tall on the 328 00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:11,450 crew quarters I tend to hit my head on 329 00:14:08,900 --> 00:14:13,580 the ceiling when I'm sleeping so I got 330 00:14:11,450 --> 00:14:15,380 my sleeping bag here I got my bungee 331 00:14:13,580 --> 00:14:16,820 cords to hold the end and then when it's 332 00:14:15,380 --> 00:14:20,060 time to go to bed it's quite easy just 333 00:14:16,820 --> 00:14:22,020 unzip the sleeping bag climb on under 334 00:14:20,060 --> 00:14:23,580 the bungee cord 335 00:14:22,020 --> 00:14:27,600 [Music] 336 00:14:23,580 --> 00:14:33,770 climb into the sleeping bag make sure 337 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:36,390 you're nice and secure zip yourself up 338 00:14:33,770 --> 00:14:38,220 plan on getting a good night's sleep so 339 00:14:36,390 --> 00:14:40,560 I have good reaction times my cognitive 340 00:14:38,220 --> 00:14:42,480 ability is what it should be and that 341 00:14:40,560 --> 00:14:48,650 I'm not grumpy in the morning so with 342 00:14:42,480 --> 00:15:04,860 that I'm all set good night from the ISS 343 00:14:48,650 --> 00:15:04,860 [Music] 344 00:15:07,910 --> 00:15:12,280 [Music] 345 00:15:13,980 --> 00:15:17,949 the scientists who developed the 346 00:15:16,449 --> 00:15:20,230 experiments being done on the 347 00:15:17,949 --> 00:15:22,329 International Space Station spent years 348 00:15:20,230 --> 00:15:24,279 getting them ready to fly and then 349 00:15:22,329 --> 00:15:26,620 worked with the station crew members to 350 00:15:24,279 --> 00:15:29,259 explain how they will help execute the 351 00:15:26,620 --> 00:15:32,110 science protocols in the next episode of 352 00:15:29,259 --> 00:15:34,509 the new NASA explorers series we look in 353 00:15:32,110 --> 00:15:36,759 on this step in the process for one team 354 00:15:34,509 --> 00:15:38,589 of scientists when their experiment 355 00:15:36,759 --> 00:15:41,930 reached the station and the expedition 356 00:15:38,589 --> 00:15:45,070 crew members opened the package 357 00:15:41,930 --> 00:15:45,070 [Music] 358 00:15:49,570 --> 00:15:57,090 [Music] 359 00:16:00,860 --> 00:16:04,210 jaesi that was delicious 360 00:16:18,140 --> 00:16:40,960 [Music] 361 00:16:36,100 --> 00:16:40,960 I'm still stationed Archies interaction 362 00:16:41,350 --> 00:16:48,470 with you to friend interact right how's 363 00:16:46,820 --> 00:16:54,560 your view do you want to anything 364 00:16:48,470 --> 00:16:54,740 different no the view looks great thank 365 00:16:54,560 --> 00:16:57,230 you 366 00:16:54,740 --> 00:16:58,820 now that the experiment is aboard the 367 00:16:57,230 --> 00:17:01,520 space station it's time for the 368 00:16:58,820 --> 00:17:03,620 astronauts to get to work Alain and 369 00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:05,900 Paris two are back in Virginia and the 370 00:17:03,620 --> 00:17:07,400 NanoRacks team is back in Texas where 371 00:17:05,900 --> 00:17:08,900 they will perform a ground control 372 00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:11,750 version of the experiment being 373 00:17:08,900 --> 00:17:13,220 conducted by the crew in space the crew 374 00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:15,350 members are using the NanoRacks plate 375 00:17:13,220 --> 00:17:16,850 reader to read the plates they're 376 00:17:15,350 --> 00:17:19,040 analyzing that what's in the plate and 377 00:17:16,850 --> 00:17:20,329 the migration of fluids between the two 378 00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:23,420 chambers that are on the plates and so 379 00:17:20,329 --> 00:17:24,620 we have our ground samples here these 380 00:17:23,420 --> 00:17:26,780 are identical to the ones that are on 381 00:17:24,620 --> 00:17:29,059 the space station and what we're gonna 382 00:17:26,780 --> 00:17:30,770 do is as the crew members inserts the 383 00:17:29,059 --> 00:17:32,450 plates into the plate reader on the 384 00:17:30,770 --> 00:17:34,730 space station we're also going to insert 385 00:17:32,450 --> 00:17:36,770 the plates into the ground unit we have 386 00:17:34,730 --> 00:17:38,450 behind me and that's just to confirm 387 00:17:36,770 --> 00:17:40,790 that what we're seeing any effects that 388 00:17:38,450 --> 00:17:42,860 we do end up seeing is effective of the 389 00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:45,050 space environment compared to the ground 390 00:17:42,860 --> 00:17:47,510 unit in summary what the plate reader 391 00:17:45,050 --> 00:17:49,370 does is it's called a big fancy word as 392 00:17:47,510 --> 00:17:51,470 a spectrophotometer and it's got to be 393 00:17:49,370 --> 00:17:53,690 lamp in it that shines white light and 394 00:17:51,470 --> 00:17:55,700 then it's got a prism or braiding and 395 00:17:53,690 --> 00:17:58,370 the white light shines on the grating 396 00:17:55,700 --> 00:17:59,900 and then it moves to orientate which to 397 00:17:58,370 --> 00:18:01,610 kind of separate the light into a 398 00:17:59,900 --> 00:18:02,870 wavelength and you get to select which 399 00:18:01,610 --> 00:18:05,900 wavelength you want to shine through 400 00:18:02,870 --> 00:18:07,880 your samples we have six plates each 401 00:18:05,900 --> 00:18:09,590 place takes about four minutes just 402 00:18:07,880 --> 00:18:11,030 about 30 minutes each and every time in 403 00:18:09,590 --> 00:18:12,200 between we'll be listening for the crew 404 00:18:11,030 --> 00:18:14,179 member to say that they inserted the 405 00:18:12,200 --> 00:18:16,100 plate then we'll hit the command here 406 00:18:14,179 --> 00:18:17,120 once the run is done the crew member 407 00:18:16,100 --> 00:18:18,170 will come over and take the plate out 408 00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:22,820 but then you played in and it will 409 00:18:18,170 --> 00:18:23,210 repeat for five more times so fake smile 410 00:18:22,820 --> 00:18:27,490 please 411 00:18:23,210 --> 00:18:27,490 plate one zero zero three is in the tray 412 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:33,840 the plates it's in there use the plate 413 00:18:32,460 --> 00:18:37,410 this way and then they're read heads 414 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:39,270 this way that's kind of a lamp that's in 415 00:18:37,410 --> 00:18:45,360 there that turns the lamp on I was like 416 00:18:39,270 --> 00:18:46,440 bad techno music my crewmate actually 417 00:18:45,360 --> 00:18:48,809 was the first one to start this 418 00:18:46,440 --> 00:18:50,700 experiment and I took over for him and 419 00:18:48,809 --> 00:18:52,260 said hey what what experiment is this 420 00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:55,590 what are we doing and he looks at me he 421 00:18:52,260 --> 00:19:12,540 says I'm not sure so we called down to 422 00:18:55,590 --> 00:19:14,850 the ground to Mission Control how the 423 00:19:12,540 --> 00:19:17,190 drug migrates through the gel over time 424 00:19:14,850 --> 00:19:21,270 which is why I'm scanning the plates two 425 00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:21,750 times a day for this two-week run I like 426 00:19:21,270 --> 00:19:23,220 that answer 427 00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:30,600 that's very cool thank you for finding 428 00:19:23,220 --> 00:19:32,340 that out so this is 15 days it's twice a 429 00:19:30,600 --> 00:19:33,960 day and they're typically in the middle 430 00:19:32,340 --> 00:19:36,240 of the night which is the morning for 431 00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:38,190 for the crew on Space Station and then 432 00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:40,049 usually sometime in the in the late 433 00:19:38,190 --> 00:19:41,490 morning early afternoon here but Kyle's 434 00:19:40,049 --> 00:19:43,679 been running the show he's been getting 435 00:19:41,490 --> 00:19:45,390 up every six hours eight out of seven 436 00:19:43,679 --> 00:19:46,860 hours to do this it's kind of fun in a 437 00:19:45,390 --> 00:19:50,700 way I get to play astronaut on the 438 00:19:46,860 --> 00:19:52,590 ground so that's always fun after 15 439 00:19:50,700 --> 00:19:54,240 days of running the experiment the 440 00:19:52,590 --> 00:19:56,130 researchers have a lot of valuable data 441 00:19:54,240 --> 00:19:58,530 about how hydrogels behave in 442 00:19:56,130 --> 00:20:00,210 microgravity to learn even more the 443 00:19:58,530 --> 00:20:03,030 samples will come back to earth for 444 00:20:00,210 --> 00:20:05,130 further analysis for the last leg of 445 00:20:03,030 --> 00:20:07,169 their journey the samples will return to 446 00:20:05,130 --> 00:20:09,549 Earth in the same Dragon capsule that 447 00:20:07,169 --> 00:20:11,809 gave them a ride to microgravity 448 00:20:09,549 --> 00:20:14,240 after dragon splashes down in the 449 00:20:11,809 --> 00:20:16,250 Pacific Ocean it's taken to the Port of 450 00:20:14,240 --> 00:20:18,220 Long Beach where NASA will be ready to 451 00:20:16,250 --> 00:20:21,740 retrieve the precious cargo 452 00:20:18,220 --> 00:20:25,309 splashdown for Dragon was on Sunday I 453 00:20:21,740 --> 00:20:27,830 believe and so nASA has a group called 454 00:20:25,309 --> 00:20:29,690 cold stowage and cargo manifests and 455 00:20:27,830 --> 00:20:31,909 they go out and pick up the payloads 456 00:20:29,690 --> 00:20:34,970 from Dragon and then they distribute it 457 00:20:31,909 --> 00:20:36,409 to people at LA or whoever needs them 458 00:20:34,970 --> 00:20:38,960 there and then they bring them also here 459 00:20:36,409 --> 00:20:41,630 to J at Johnson Space Center and so now 460 00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:43,789 I'm an out front Coldstone ffice and I 461 00:20:41,630 --> 00:20:46,039 just picked up module 784 which is our 462 00:20:43,789 --> 00:20:48,200 temp antigen project making it to me and 463 00:20:46,039 --> 00:20:50,390 I put it in my cooler and then I Drive 464 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:52,700 it over to our office where it's gonna 465 00:20:50,390 --> 00:20:55,730 sit until we fly up to the management 466 00:20:52,700 --> 00:20:57,950 office in Richmond Virginia to do the 467 00:20:55,730 --> 00:21:00,380 final phase of the experiment which is 468 00:20:57,950 --> 00:21:02,690 removing the samples out of the reactor 469 00:21:00,380 --> 00:21:05,150 microplace we're really proud to take 470 00:21:02,690 --> 00:21:11,090 part in this really really interesting 471 00:21:05,150 --> 00:21:13,070 experiment when we first got our gels 472 00:21:11,090 --> 00:21:14,720 back it was already exciting space never 473 00:21:13,070 --> 00:21:16,130 loses its cool and so we had these place 474 00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:18,470 right oh my god these are what the 475 00:21:16,130 --> 00:21:20,600 astronauts touched and so we opened up 476 00:21:18,470 --> 00:21:22,110 and they've been to space in back and 477 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:26,170 now they're in our lab 478 00:21:22,110 --> 00:21:26,170 [Music] 479 00:21:29,430 --> 00:21:35,280 in all of the work being done inside and 480 00:21:33,060 --> 00:21:37,350 outside the vehicle the International 481 00:21:35,280 --> 00:21:39,660 Space Station is helping us know what it 482 00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:41,850 will take to make successful journeys 483 00:21:39,660 --> 00:21:44,610 out into the solar system one day to 484 00:21:41,850 --> 00:21:46,830 Mars and other destinations here are a 485 00:21:44,610 --> 00:21:51,480 few more examples of how the station is 486 00:21:46,830 --> 00:21:53,390 building the missions of the future so 487 00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:56,190 you want to go to Mars 488 00:21:53,390 --> 00:21:57,920 how does NASA's International Space 489 00:21:56,190 --> 00:22:01,680 Station help us extend human presence 490 00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:03,540 into deep space in the future when 491 00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:05,430 astronauts land on Mars it will be 492 00:22:03,540 --> 00:22:06,960 thanks to some important lessons that we 493 00:22:05,430 --> 00:22:09,750 learned on the International Space 494 00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:12,849 Station rewind 495 00:22:09,750 --> 00:22:12,849 [Music] 496 00:22:13,790 --> 00:22:17,640 240 miles above the earth the 497 00:22:16,050 --> 00:22:20,190 International Space Station is where we 498 00:22:17,640 --> 00:22:21,680 currently live and work in space here's 499 00:22:20,190 --> 00:22:24,330 what we've learned so far 500 00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:26,730 first there's taking care of our 501 00:22:24,330 --> 00:22:28,470 astronauts prolonged weightlessness can 502 00:22:26,730 --> 00:22:31,130 lead to muscle and bone loss vision 503 00:22:28,470 --> 00:22:33,110 changes balance and coordination loss 504 00:22:31,130 --> 00:22:35,250 thanks to the space station 505 00:22:33,110 --> 00:22:36,690 countermeasures are being developed to 506 00:22:35,250 --> 00:22:40,170 keep astronauts healthy for 507 00:22:36,690 --> 00:22:42,420 long-duration missions then there's the 508 00:22:40,170 --> 00:22:45,090 equipment space craft communication 509 00:22:42,420 --> 00:22:46,920 water recycling air and power production 510 00:22:45,090 --> 00:22:49,050 are all being test-driven on the 511 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:50,880 international space station what we 512 00:22:49,050 --> 00:22:53,130 learn about operating and maintaining 513 00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:55,470 our gear in the harshness of space will 514 00:22:53,130 --> 00:22:58,350 pave the way for future missions into 515 00:22:55,470 --> 00:23:00,480 our solar system and that's how the 516 00:22:58,350 --> 00:23:03,120 space station is helping us extend human 517 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:06,140 presence into deep space for more 518 00:23:03,120 --> 00:23:08,620 information visit this nasa website 519 00:23:06,140 --> 00:23:11,720 [Music] 520 00:23:08,620 --> 00:23:13,340 the opportunity to spend six or so 521 00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:15,830 months on the International Space 522 00:23:13,340 --> 00:23:17,210 Station as men and women from around the 523 00:23:15,830 --> 00:23:19,970 world have been doing without 524 00:23:17,210 --> 00:23:22,190 interruption for more than 19 years now 525 00:23:19,970 --> 00:23:24,190 has led to the development of new 526 00:23:22,190 --> 00:23:26,419 technologies for space exploration 527 00:23:24,190 --> 00:23:29,029 groundbreaking scientific discoveries 528 00:23:26,419 --> 00:23:30,860 and an experience of cooperation among 529 00:23:29,029 --> 00:23:32,539 nations while fostering the 530 00:23:30,860 --> 00:23:35,480 commercialization of space and 531 00:23:32,539 --> 00:23:37,700 spaceflight but even more than that it 532 00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:40,309 has caused many of those astronauts to 533 00:23:37,700 --> 00:23:45,039 experience a shift in their worldview 534 00:23:40,309 --> 00:23:45,039 NASA's Karen Nyberg is one of them 535 00:23:46,330 --> 00:23:54,619 [Music] 536 00:23:57,730 --> 00:24:04,880 [Music] 537 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:06,620 my first flight was two weeks and a lot 538 00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:08,990 had to get done I distinctly remember 539 00:24:06,620 --> 00:24:11,420 the point when I stopped and thought I 540 00:24:08,990 --> 00:24:12,710 did it I'm here my goal was to be an 541 00:24:11,420 --> 00:24:14,870 astronaut and now I'm in space I 542 00:24:12,710 --> 00:24:17,180 remember seeing the beauty of Earth but 543 00:24:14,870 --> 00:24:18,620 I don't remember any more profound 544 00:24:17,180 --> 00:24:20,150 thoughts about it at that point I think 545 00:24:18,620 --> 00:24:22,070 it was when I got into my long-duration 546 00:24:20,150 --> 00:24:23,660 flight and spent a little more time that 547 00:24:22,070 --> 00:24:26,140 I really just started to take it in a 548 00:24:23,660 --> 00:24:26,140 little bit more 549 00:24:33,230 --> 00:24:38,809 the entire experience is actually very 550 00:24:36,620 --> 00:24:40,970 surreal first you launched on a rocket 551 00:24:38,809 --> 00:24:42,230 you're pulling G's as you're going out 552 00:24:40,970 --> 00:24:44,299 of that misspell your looking at the 553 00:24:42,230 --> 00:24:46,669 earth for the first time you're floating 554 00:24:44,299 --> 00:24:49,039 your everything is different and it just 555 00:24:46,669 --> 00:24:52,250 is all just such a different experience 556 00:24:49,039 --> 00:24:53,809 that it almost doesn't seem real 557 00:24:52,250 --> 00:24:57,649 in fact when I did my space shuttle 558 00:24:53,809 --> 00:24:58,250 flight for two weeks in 2008 when I got 559 00:24:57,649 --> 00:24:59,570 back 560 00:24:58,250 --> 00:25:01,820 you could have convinced me I never went 561 00:24:59,570 --> 00:25:03,320 probably a third more pictures this 562 00:25:01,820 --> 00:25:04,850 experience is so unusual and so 563 00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:07,490 different than anything you've ever done 564 00:25:04,850 --> 00:25:09,500 in your life that it's hard to grasp at 565 00:25:07,490 --> 00:25:11,210 all and I was very excited then when I 566 00:25:09,500 --> 00:25:13,519 got assigned to a long-duration because 567 00:25:11,210 --> 00:25:15,440 I thought it's going to burn in my 568 00:25:13,519 --> 00:25:17,630 memory and all that and it was the same 569 00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:19,820 thing I came back and that my memories 570 00:25:17,630 --> 00:25:21,820 were there but it almost didn't seem 571 00:25:19,820 --> 00:25:24,980 real 572 00:25:21,820 --> 00:25:24,980 [Music] 573 00:25:31,350 --> 00:25:36,960 looking at the earth one first time you 574 00:25:33,660 --> 00:25:39,450 just noticed the vibrancy of it it's so 575 00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:41,490 bright pictures don't do it justice it's 576 00:25:39,450 --> 00:25:44,190 equivalent to me of backpacking out the 577 00:25:41,490 --> 00:25:46,020 mountains where you're trekking along 578 00:25:44,190 --> 00:25:47,820 and then you come to a clearing and 579 00:25:46,020 --> 00:25:50,910 you're overlooking some valley and the 580 00:25:47,820 --> 00:25:52,230 Sun is setting and it is you know you're 581 00:25:50,910 --> 00:25:54,540 like how could this get any prettier and 582 00:25:52,230 --> 00:25:56,010 you take a picture and then you go back 583 00:25:54,540 --> 00:25:58,350 and look at the pictures later and you 584 00:25:56,010 --> 00:26:00,000 never have that feeling again it never 585 00:25:58,350 --> 00:26:01,830 brings about the feeling that it did and 586 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:04,080 same with watching a beautiful sunset or 587 00:26:01,830 --> 00:26:08,300 sunrise I have not seen a picture that 588 00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:08,300 gives me the same feeling that I felt 589 00:26:08,910 --> 00:26:16,260 [Music] 590 00:26:13,460 --> 00:26:18,090 it started to make me understand that 591 00:26:16,260 --> 00:26:20,070 everything is connected what is 592 00:26:18,090 --> 00:26:22,530 happening in the ocean over here can 593 00:26:20,070 --> 00:26:25,730 affect what is happening on land over 594 00:26:22,530 --> 00:26:28,410 here it's just all one 595 00:26:25,730 --> 00:26:31,710 being and it's all interconnected and so 596 00:26:28,410 --> 00:26:35,550 I think we tend to live in our bubble of 597 00:26:31,710 --> 00:26:38,340 our world that's here and it's hard to 598 00:26:35,550 --> 00:26:40,470 think about other people on the other 599 00:26:38,340 --> 00:26:42,150 side of the world and be empathetic 600 00:26:40,470 --> 00:26:43,080 toward them really because you don't 601 00:26:42,150 --> 00:26:45,410 know them and you don't know their 602 00:26:43,080 --> 00:26:48,750 situations and I found the scene earth 603 00:26:45,410 --> 00:26:52,140 really changing that perspective for me 604 00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:53,730 and then listening to a news story in 605 00:26:52,140 --> 00:26:55,350 the morning and flying over that 606 00:26:53,730 --> 00:26:58,940 particular part of the world in the 607 00:26:55,350 --> 00:27:03,030 afternoon it really affected me 608 00:26:58,940 --> 00:27:06,560 and then just realizing 609 00:27:03,030 --> 00:27:08,890 it's Holland often we think home 610 00:27:06,560 --> 00:27:12,050 right now home is Houston Texas 611 00:27:08,890 --> 00:27:14,350 childhood home is Minnesota but home is 612 00:27:12,050 --> 00:27:14,350 earth 613 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:21,630 [Music] 614 00:27:23,840 --> 00:27:28,770 if you'd like another look at the 615 00:27:26,669 --> 00:27:30,870 stories we feature today check us out on 616 00:27:28,770 --> 00:27:33,299 YouTube and Facebook B addresses are 617 00:27:30,870 --> 00:27:35,100 right there be sure to look around take 618 00:27:33,299 --> 00:27:37,410 a peek the other cool stuff you'll find 619 00:27:35,100 --> 00:27:39,360 there about NASA and America's human 620 00:27:37,410 --> 00:27:41,070 spaceflight program now if you're 621 00:27:39,360 --> 00:27:43,290 interested in good conversation about 622 00:27:41,070 --> 00:27:45,299 human spaceflight and space exploration 623 00:27:43,290 --> 00:27:47,640 check out Houston we have a podcast 624 00:27:45,299 --> 00:27:50,460 where we talk to folks about their work 625 00:27:47,640 --> 00:27:52,770 in all aspects of space exploration we 626 00:27:50,460 --> 00:27:55,140 post new episodes every Friday today 627 00:27:52,770 --> 00:27:57,210 Gary Jordan talks with two Canadian 628 00:27:55,140 --> 00:28:00,090 television producers and storytellers 629 00:27:57,210 --> 00:28:02,280 about their work to capture life on the 630 00:28:00,090 --> 00:28:05,190 International Space Station in virtual 631 00:28:02,280 --> 00:28:08,160 reality that you and I may soon get to 632 00:28:05,190 --> 00:28:10,380 experience ourselves go to nasa.gov 633 00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:12,780 slash podcasts for this week's episode 634 00:28:10,380 --> 00:28:15,030 it's also where you'll find all our 635 00:28:12,780 --> 00:28:17,400 previous episodes plus the full library 636 00:28:15,030 --> 00:28:19,679 of all the NASA podcasts all of which 637 00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:24,140 you can listen to an apple podcasts 638 00:28:19,679 --> 00:28:24,140 google podcasts and SoundCloud 639 00:28:30,630 --> 00:28:34,419 [Music] 640 00:28:37,960 --> 00:28:41,729 [Music]