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>> IGNITION SEQUENCE START.

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>> GOOD MORNING.

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YOU'RE LOOKING AT MISSION

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CONTROL HOUSTON, WHERE MEMBERS

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OF THE ORBIT 2 FLIGHT CONTROL

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TEAM ARE AT WORK ON THE

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INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

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FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM.

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THE SPECIALISTS ARE MONITORING

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THE SYSTEMS ON THE STATION AND

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FOLLOWING ALONG WITH THE

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EXPEDITION 63 CREW MEMBERS AS

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THEY MOVE THROUGH THE LAST

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SCHEDULED TASKS OF THEIR WORK

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WEEK.

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COMMANDER CHRIS CASSIDY AND

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FLIGHT ENGINEERS ANATOLY

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IVANISHIN AND IVAN VAGNER WILL

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CLEAN HOUSE AND VISIT WITH

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FAMILY AS WELL AS GETTING THE

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CYGNUS CARGO SHIP READY TO

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DEPART NEXT WEEK.

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>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.

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I'M SANDRA JONES.

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THIS WEEK, A CARGO VEHICLE IS

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PREPARED FOR DEPARTURE, FLYING

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WITH ITS SPACE DEBUT AND HONOR

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OUR EDUCATORS IN CELEBRATION OF

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TEACHER APPRECIATION WEEK.

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NASA ASTRONAUT CHRIS CASSIDY

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HAS BEEN PREPARING THE NORTHROP

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GRUMMAN CYGNUS CARGO VEHICLE

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FOR UPCOMING DEPARTURE FROM THE

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STATION.

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IT IS SCHEDULED TO BE RELEASED

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ON MONDAY MAY 11.

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CYGNUS WILL CARRY THOUSANDS OF

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POUNDS OF TRASH AWAY FROM

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STATION TO BURN UP ON THE

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EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE UPON

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RE-ENTRY AFTER COMPLETING A

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SECOND FLYING MISSION.

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LIVE COVERAGE ON NASA TV AND

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THE AGENCY'S WEBSITE.

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NICKELODEON'S FAMOUS NEON GREEN

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FLY MADE AN APPEARANCE AS PART

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OF THE NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

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ORGANIZED WITH THE ISS U.S.

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NATIONAL LABORATORY.

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DURING THEIR STAY ON STATION,

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NASA ASTRONAUT CHRISTINA KOCH

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AND EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY

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ASTRONAUT LUCA PARMITANO

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DEMONSTRATED ZERO GRAVITY

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ENVIRONMENT.

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ON WEDNESDAY, EDUCATORS FROM

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ACROSS THE NATION HAD THE

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OPPORTUNITY TO ASK QUESTIONS TO

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NASA ASTRONAUT AND CURRENT

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SPACE COMMANDER CHRIS CASSIDY

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IN CELEBRATION OF TEACHER

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APPRECIATION WEEK.

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THANK YOU TO ALL OF THE

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EDUCATORS WORLDWIDE FOR HARD

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WORK, DEDICATION AND EVERYTHING

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YOU DO FOR OUR STUDENTS.

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WE APPRECIATE YOU.

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THE KEEP SENDING IN YOUR

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QUESTIONS USING THE #ASK NASA.

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WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.

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>> HERE ON EARTH LATELY, WE'VE

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ALL LEARNED A LOT MORE ABOUT

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TRACKING THE TRANSMISSION OF

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DISEASE.

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MICROBES LIVE EVERYWHERE,

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THAT'S WHY SCIENTISTS AT NASA'S

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JOHNSON SPACE CENTER CONSTANTLY

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MONITOR THE BACTERIA AND FUNGI

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ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

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STATION, THEY'RE USING DNA

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SEQUENCING TO IDENTIFY THE

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MICROBES IN ORBIT WITHOUT

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HAVING TO RETURN SAMPLES TO

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EARTH FOR TESTING, AN IMPORTANT

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STEP TO KEEP CREWS AND THE

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PLACES THEY VISIT SAFE ON

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FUTURE DEEP SPACE MISSIONS.

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♪

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>> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

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STATION'S LABORATORY MODULES

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SUPPORT SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS

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IN A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT

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DISCIPLINES.

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FOR EXAMPLE, THE FLAME DESIGN

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EXPERIMENT IS LOOKING INTO THE

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QUANTITY OF SOOT PRODUCED UNDER

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DIFFERENT BURNING CONDITIONS.

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THAT COULD GENERATE DATA THAT

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LEADS TO THE CREATION OF NEW

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BURNERS THAT ARE MORE EFFICIENT

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AND LESS POLLUTING.

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>> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

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STATION'S LABORATORIES HOUSE

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ONE OF A KIND SCIENTIFIC

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RESEARCH WHICH TAKES ADVANTAGE

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OF THE LACK OF GRAVITY IN SPACE

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TO TEST HYPOTHESES IN WAYS THAT

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CAN'T BE DONE ON WORK.

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IN THE DESTINY LABORATORY, CREW

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MEMBERS USE A SPECIAL PIECE OF

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EQUIPMENT FOR EXPERIMENTS WHICH

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INVOLVE POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS

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MATERIALS.

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AND IN THE KIBO MODULE, THE

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ASTRONAUTS ARE USING A NEWER

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AND BIGGER VERSION OF THE GLOVE

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BOX TO SUPPORT LIFE SCIENCES

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RESEARCH.

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>> THINKING INSIDE THE BOX.

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PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA.

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AND MATERIAL SCIENCE.

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MANY OF THESE EXPERIMENTS CAN

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INVOLVE FLUIDS, FLAMES,

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PARTICLES AND FUMES THAT YOU

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WOULDN'T WANT TO ESCAPE INTO

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THE SPACE STATION'S ENCLOSED

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SPACE, WHERE THEY MIGHT MAKE

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THE ASTRONAUTS SICK OR DAMAGE

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THE SENSITIVE COMPUTERS AND

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS.

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INSTEAD, CREW MEMBERS INSTALL

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INVESTIGATION HARDWARE INTO THE

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BOX AND SEAL IT SHUT.

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NEXT, THEY INSERT THEIR HANDS

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INTO A GLOVE RING ASSEMBLY TO

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SAFELY MANIPULATE THEIR

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EXPERIMENTS AND SAMPLES.

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GLOVE RING ASSEMBLIES ARE

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AVAILABLE IN A VARIETY OF

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CONFIGURATIONS TO ACCOMMODATE

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HAND SIZES AND RESPONSES IN

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TEXTILE RESPONSE.

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THE INVESTIGATOR VIEWS IT

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THROUGH AN ACRYLIC WINDOW,

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THERE IS THE CAPABILITY TO

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INSTALL A SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

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TO ALLOW INVESTIGATORS ON EARTH

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TO WATCH EXPERIMENTS BEING

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PERFORMED.

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IT HAS PROVEN SO POPULAR OVER

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THE PAST 16 YEARS THAT A SECOND

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GLOVE BOX IS ADDED TO THE

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STATION.

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THE NEW MODEL WILL FOCUS

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EXCLUSIVELY ON LIFE SCIENCES

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INVESTIGATIONS AND KNOWN AS THE

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LIFE SCIENCES GLOVE BOX OR LSG,

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THIS FULLY ENCLOSED FACILITY

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WILL ALLOW CREW MEMBERS TO

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PERFORM DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

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EXPERIMENTS ON CELLS, INSECTS,

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AQUATICS, PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

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LSG IS ALMOST TWICE THE SIZE OF

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THE ORIGINAL MSG AND CAN

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ACCOMMODATE TWO ASTRONAUT CREW

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MEMBERS, SOMETIMES GUIDED IN

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REALTIME BY SCIENTISTS ON EARTH

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TO CONDUCT ONE OR MORE

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EXPERIMENTS SIMULTANEOUSLY.

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SAFETY WAS A PARAMOUNT

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CONSIDERATION IN ITS DESIGN.

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AS AIR CIRCULATES THROUGH THE

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WORK SPACE, ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

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FILTERS CONTINUOUSLY CLEAN IT

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BY ABSORBING CHEMICALS THAT ARE

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PRESENT.

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IN ADDITION, A HIGH-EFFICIENCY

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AIR FILTER REMOVES PARTICLES

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AND AEROSOLS, THIS ALLOWS THE

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FACILITY TO PROVIDE TWO LEVELS

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OF CONTAINMENT FOR HANDLING

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BIOHAZARD LEVEL 2 AND LOWER

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BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS.

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WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO HAVE A

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GLOVE BOX ON STATION DEVOTED TO

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LIFE SCIENCES?

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FOR MORE INSIDE INFORMATION

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00:11:05,064 --> 00:11:06,198
ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING INSIDE

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THE ISS VISIT

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WWW.NASA.GOV/ISS/SCIENCE.

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FOR MORE ON SCIENCE HAPPENING

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ON, AROUND AND BEYOND OUR

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PLANET, GO TO SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.

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>>> ALONG WITH ASSISTING WITH

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EXPERIMENTS IN MICROGRAVITY,

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AND THE OCCASIONAL ROBOTIC ARM

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OPS OR WALKING IN SPACE AND THE

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UBIQUITOUS OTHER DUTIES AS

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ASSIGNED, ASTRONAUTS ON THE

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INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

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DEVOTE SOME OF THEIR TIME TO

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HELPING STUDENTS WHO ARE

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STUDYING SCIENCE AND

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TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND

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MATH.

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IN THIS DEMONSTRATION VIDEO,

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ASTRONAUT RICKY ARNOLD SHOWS

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HOW THE MOLECULES THAT MAKE UP

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WATER BEHAVE UP IN SPACE?

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.

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>> WHAT IS SURFACE TENSION?

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LET'S HAVE A LOOK.

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SURFACE TENSION IS A PROPERTY

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OF LIQUIDS WHICH MOLECULES OF

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ONE SUBSTANCE ARE MORE

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ATTRACTED TO EACH OTHER THAN

217
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MOLECULES OF ANOTHER SUBSTANCE.

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WATER IS UNIQUE THAT IT HAS A

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HIGH SURFACE TENSION COMPARED

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TO OTHER LIQUIDS.

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THIS IS DUE TO POLAR PROPERTY.

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THE POSITIVE HYDROGEN ENDS AND

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THE NEGATIVE OXYGEN ENDS CREATE

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A STRONG BOND, AS THEY SAY,

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OPPOSITES ATTRACT.

226
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SO THE HYDROGEN END OF THE

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WATER TENDS TO STICK TO THE

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OXYGEN END IN A NEARBY WATER

229
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MOLECULE.

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THE WATER'S SURFACE, MOLECULES

231
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ARE ONLY ATTRACTED TO THE WATER

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MOLECULES BELOW AND TO THE

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SIDES OF THEM AS THERE IS ONLY

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AIR TO THE MOLECULES, SO THE

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SURFACE MOLECULES OF A BODY OF

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WATER ARE PULLED DOWN CREATING

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A STRONGER ENVIRONMENT, THAT IS

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WHY CERTAIN ANIMALS CAN WALK ON

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THE SURFACE OF WATER.

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HERE ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

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STATION, THE MICROGRAVITY

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ENVIRONMENT MAKES IT EASY TO

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SHOW HOW WELL WATER USES

244
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SURFACE TENSION TO STICK

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TOGETHER.

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WE EVEN RELY ON SURFACE TENSION

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TO HELP US WASH OUR HAIR.

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THOSE OF US THAT HAVE A LOT.

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[LAUGHTER]

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>> THANKS FOR COMING ALONG

251
00:13:49,195 --> 00:13:50,896
TODAY AND LEARNING A LITTLE BIT

252
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ABOUT SURFACE TENSION.

253
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WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE

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UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER AND

255
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DO YOUR OWN EXPERIMENTS?

256
00:13:57,336 --> 00:13:58,871
TRY OUT THE ACTIVITY RELATED TO

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THIS VIDEO AT THE

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00:14:01,640 --> 00:14:03,842
S.T.E.M.-ONSTRATIONS WEBSITE,

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00:14:03,842 --> 00:14:24,396
SEE YOU NEXT TIME!

260
00:14:24,396 --> 00:14:25,764
>> THE CREW MEMBERS OF THE

261
00:14:25,764 --> 00:14:27,366
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

262
00:14:27,366 --> 00:14:28,667
LIKE TO SAY THEY'RE JUST THE

263
00:14:28,667 --> 00:14:30,869
TIP OF THE SPEAR, A SMALL PART

264
00:14:30,869 --> 00:14:33,005
OF A LARGE EFFORT TO EXPLORE

265
00:14:33,005 --> 00:14:34,873
SPACE, AND IN THEIR CASE, THEY

266
00:14:34,873 --> 00:14:36,542
SPEND A LOT OF THEIR TIME

267
00:14:36,542 --> 00:14:37,576
SUPPORTING SCIENTIFIC

268
00:14:37,576 --> 00:14:38,777
EXPERIMENTS THEY DID NOT DREAM

269
00:14:38,777 --> 00:14:39,345
UP.

270
00:14:39,345 --> 00:14:40,713
HERE'S THE FIRST PART OF THE

271
00:14:40,713 --> 00:14:42,815
SPECIAL SERIES THAT LOOKS AT

272
00:14:42,815 --> 00:14:44,116
SOME OF THE OTHER PEOPLE WHO

273
00:14:44,116 --> 00:14:45,584
MAKE THIS PROGRAM WORK.

274
00:14:45,584 --> 00:14:47,119
THE SCIENTISTS BEHIND THE

275
00:14:47,119 --> 00:14:51,790
EXPERIMENTS.

276
00:14:51,790 --> 00:14:55,327
MAESTRO, QUEUE THE OVERTURE.

277
00:14:55,327 --> 00:14:56,862
>>> FEELING PULLED DOWN, THE

278
00:14:56,862 --> 00:14:58,063
CONSTANT PULL TO THE EARTH?

279
00:14:58,063 --> 00:15:00,165
WE ALL ARE, IT'S GRAVITY AND A

280
00:15:00,165 --> 00:15:01,867
PART OF EVERY SINGLE THING WE

281
00:15:01,867 --> 00:15:02,968
DO, INCLUDING SCIENCE.

282
00:15:02,968 --> 00:15:05,170
WHAT IF WE'RE 250 MILES ABOVE

283
00:15:05,170 --> 00:15:06,572
EARTH ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL

284
00:15:06,572 --> 00:15:07,473
SPACE STATION?

285
00:15:07,473 --> 00:15:09,608
A LABORATORY LIKE NO OTHER THAT

286
00:15:09,608 --> 00:15:10,776
OFFERS SOMETHING WE CAN'T GET

287
00:15:10,776 --> 00:15:45,944
ON OUR HOME PLANET.

288
00:15:45,944 --> 00:15:49,548
>> MY NAME IS DR. SERENA, A

289
00:15:49,548 --> 00:15:51,216
NASA ASTRONAUT, I RECENTLY FLEW

290
00:15:51,216 --> 00:15:52,851
TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

291
00:15:52,851 --> 00:15:54,086
STATION ABOARD EXPEDITION 56

292
00:15:54,086 --> 00:15:55,254
AND 57.

293
00:15:55,254 --> 00:15:56,555
MY RELATIONSHIP WITH

294
00:15:56,555 --> 00:15:58,324
MICROGRAVITY IS I GOT TO LIVE

295
00:15:58,324 --> 00:16:00,959
IN MICROGRAVITY FOR 197 DAYS

296
00:16:00,959 --> 00:16:02,795
WHEN I WAS ON ORBIT.

297
00:16:02,795 --> 00:16:04,663
SO MANY PEOPLE ASK WHAT IS

298
00:16:04,663 --> 00:16:05,831
MICROGRAVITY?

299
00:16:05,831 --> 00:16:07,466
WHY DO YOU FLOAT ON BOARD THE

300
00:16:07,466 --> 00:16:08,567
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION?

301
00:16:08,567 --> 00:16:11,070
GRAVITY ACTS UPON ALL OBJECTS.

302
00:16:11,070 --> 00:16:13,772
WE'RE NEVER TRULY IN ZERO

303
00:16:13,772 --> 00:16:14,907
GRAVITY ABOARD THE SPACE

304
00:16:14,907 --> 00:16:16,375
STATION, BUT BECAUSE THE SPACE

305
00:16:16,375 --> 00:16:17,476
STATION IS TRAVELING SO FAST

306
00:16:17,476 --> 00:16:19,645
AROUND THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH

307
00:16:19,645 --> 00:16:22,214
WE ARE IN A CONSTANT FREE FALL

308
00:16:22,214 --> 00:16:23,816
AND EVERYTHING AND EVERYBODY

309
00:16:23,816 --> 00:16:25,918
APPEARS TO FLOAT ON BOARD THE

310
00:16:25,918 --> 00:16:26,318
SPACE STATION.

311
00:16:26,318 --> 00:16:27,986
WE ARE EXPERIENCING THE EARTH'S

312
00:16:27,986 --> 00:16:29,254
GRAVITY, WE'RE EXPERIENCING

313
00:16:29,254 --> 00:16:31,757
ABOUT 90% OF WHAT YOU ALL

314
00:16:31,757 --> 00:16:32,491
EXPERIENCE ON THE SURFACE OF

315
00:16:32,491 --> 00:16:34,259
THE EARTH.

316
00:16:34,259 --> 00:16:36,028
THE DIFFERENCE IS WE'RE MOVING

317
00:16:36,028 --> 00:16:38,297
SO FAST THAT AS WE FALL, WE

318
00:16:38,297 --> 00:16:40,132
FALL AROUND THE EARTH AND THAT

319
00:16:40,132 --> 00:16:41,166
DEFINES ORBIT.

320
00:16:41,166 --> 00:16:43,902
MICROGRAVITY MEANS WE'RE NOT --

321
00:16:43,902 --> 00:16:45,871
IT'S NOT THE ABSENCE OF MASS

322
00:16:45,871 --> 00:16:47,873
WHICH, OF COURSE, CREATES

323
00:16:47,873 --> 00:16:49,308
GRAVITY BUT ALL THE OBJECTS ARE

324
00:16:49,308 --> 00:16:51,009
IN THE SAME GRAVITATIONAL FIELD

325
00:16:51,009 --> 00:16:52,044
AND FALLING TOGETHER.

326
00:16:52,044 --> 00:16:53,979
SO YES, IT IS A LOT OF FUN,

327
00:16:53,979 --> 00:16:55,748
FLOATING AROUND, OF COURSE, IS

328
00:16:55,748 --> 00:16:57,916
ONE OF THE EXCITING PARTS OF

329
00:16:57,916 --> 00:16:59,985
BEING ONBOARD AND BEING AN

330
00:16:59,985 --> 00:17:01,653
ASTRONAUT BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY,

331
00:17:01,653 --> 00:17:03,389
LENDS ITSELF TO THE AMAZING

332
00:17:03,389 --> 00:17:05,124
EXPERIMENTS WE DO ON BOARD THAT

333
00:17:05,124 --> 00:17:06,058
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE

334
00:17:06,058 --> 00:17:07,960
MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT TO DO

335
00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:09,361
THINGS WE CAN'T DO ON EARTH

336
00:17:09,361 --> 00:17:11,330
THAT CAN BENEFIT LIFE BACK ON

337
00:17:11,330 --> 00:17:11,597
EARTH.

338
00:17:11,597 --> 00:17:12,865
>> THE IMPORTANT THING IS IT'S

339
00:17:12,865 --> 00:17:14,299
SO DIFFERENT THAN THE GROUND

340
00:17:14,299 --> 00:17:15,401
WHERE EVERYTHING IS PULLED BY

341
00:17:15,401 --> 00:17:18,404
THE EARTH AT WHAT WE CALL ONE

342
00:17:18,404 --> 00:17:22,274
FORCE OF GRAVITY.

343
00:17:22,274 --> 00:17:24,076
WHAT THAT DOES IS ALLOWS YOU TO

344
00:17:24,076 --> 00:17:25,944
SEE THE SMALL FORCES, THE SMALL

345
00:17:25,944 --> 00:17:27,112
PROCESSES, THE SMALL EFFECTS

346
00:17:27,112 --> 00:17:30,249
WHAT GOES ON IN LIFE CELL

347
00:17:30,249 --> 00:17:31,784
DEVELOPMENT OR TECHNICAL

348
00:17:31,784 --> 00:17:34,052
PROCESSES LIKE COMBUSTION OR

349
00:17:34,052 --> 00:17:35,587
FLUID FLOW AND HELPS YOU

350
00:17:35,587 --> 00:17:37,489
UNDERSTAND THINGS YOU MAY NOT

351
00:17:37,489 --> 00:17:38,957
HAVE FULLY UNDERSTOOD ON EARTH,

352
00:17:38,957 --> 00:17:39,925
WHERE YOU SEE SOMETHING

353
00:17:39,925 --> 00:17:41,693
HAPPENING, SOMETHING ASSEMBLING

354
00:17:41,693 --> 00:17:44,329
OR DISASSEMBLING OR THE SHAPE

355
00:17:44,329 --> 00:17:46,298
GOING INTO THREE DIMENSIONS AND

356
00:17:46,298 --> 00:17:49,134
YOU LEARN, AH, THAT'S WHAT WAS

357
00:17:49,134 --> 00:17:50,269
DRIVING THIS THING ON EARTH

358
00:17:50,269 --> 00:17:51,503
THAT WE REALLY DIDN'T

359
00:17:51,503 --> 00:17:51,970
UNDERSTAND.

360
00:17:51,970 --> 00:17:53,739
>> ON EARTH, GRAVITY IS

361
00:17:53,739 --> 00:17:55,040
AFFECTING ALL RESEARCH WE DO,

362
00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:56,975
AND SOMETIMES THAT CAN GET IN

363
00:17:56,975 --> 00:17:57,443
THE WAY.

364
00:17:57,443 --> 00:17:58,811
STUDYING THINGS IN DIFFERENT

365
00:17:58,811 --> 00:17:59,978
ENVIRONMENTS CAN GIVE A BETTER

366
00:17:59,978 --> 00:18:01,647
PICTURE HOW THEY WORK.

367
00:18:01,647 --> 00:18:03,582
FROM DISEASES TO FIRES AND EVEN

368
00:18:03,582 --> 00:18:04,716
THINGS THAT MAKE UP PRODUCTS

369
00:18:04,716 --> 00:18:07,052
LIKE MILK OR SHAMPOO.

370
00:18:07,052 --> 00:18:08,654
>> ONE OF THE MAIN THINGS WE

371
00:18:08,654 --> 00:18:10,556
PERFORM ON THE ISS IS SCIENCE,

372
00:18:10,556 --> 00:18:13,959
70-80% OF OUR DAY IS PERFORMING

373
00:18:13,959 --> 00:18:15,060
SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS.

374
00:18:15,060 --> 00:18:16,462
>> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

375
00:18:16,462 --> 00:18:17,996
STATION IS A GREAT PLACE TO DO

376
00:18:17,996 --> 00:18:19,765
RESEARCH FOR SEVERAL

377
00:18:19,765 --> 00:18:20,199
PERSPECTIVES.

378
00:18:20,199 --> 00:18:22,634
ONE OF THOSE IS A GREAT HUGE

379
00:18:22,634 --> 00:18:24,403
SATELLITE ORBITING THE EARTH,

380
00:18:24,403 --> 00:18:26,305
IF YOU HAVE AN INSTRUMENT THAT

381
00:18:26,305 --> 00:18:27,873
WANTS TO LOOK AT THE EARTH AND

382
00:18:27,873 --> 00:18:30,375
THE SPACE, WE PROVIDE THE DATA,

383
00:18:30,375 --> 00:18:32,110
THE PLATFORM SO YOU DON'T HAVE

384
00:18:32,110 --> 00:18:34,179
TO DO THE NEW SATELLITE.

385
00:18:34,179 --> 00:18:36,648
OUTSIDE OF THE ISS IS A VERY

386
00:18:36,648 --> 00:18:37,616
EXTREME ENVIRONMENT, AND

387
00:18:37,616 --> 00:18:38,984
SOMETIMES YOU LEARN THINGS BY

388
00:18:38,984 --> 00:18:40,986
EXPOSING YOUR HARDWARE, YOUR

389
00:18:40,986 --> 00:18:43,088
POLYMERS TO A DIFFERENT

390
00:18:43,088 --> 00:18:43,622
ENVIRONMENT.

391
00:18:43,622 --> 00:18:48,126
YOU'LL SEE SOMETHING HAPPEN

392
00:18:48,126 --> 00:18:49,795
DIFFERENT THAN WHAT IS ON THE

393
00:18:49,795 --> 00:18:50,128
EARTH.

394
00:18:50,128 --> 00:18:51,930
ONE OF THE MOST PERVASIVE USES

395
00:18:51,930 --> 00:18:56,034
OF THE ISS IS THE MICROGRAVITY

396
00:18:56,034 --> 00:18:57,202
ENVIRONMENT, TO BE ABLE TO DO

397
00:18:57,202 --> 00:18:58,871
THE EXPERIMENT WITHOUT GRAVITY

398
00:18:58,871 --> 00:19:00,372
WHICH WE ALL LIVED WITH FOREVER

399
00:19:00,372 --> 00:19:01,673
ON THE GROUND, WHICH WE LIVE

400
00:19:01,673 --> 00:19:03,342
WITH EVERY DAY AND DON'T

401
00:19:03,342 --> 00:19:05,644
REALIZE HOW IT GOVERNS SO MANY

402
00:19:05,644 --> 00:19:06,712
THINGS THAT HAPPEN AROUND US,

403
00:19:06,712 --> 00:19:08,614
IF YOU TAKE GRAVITY AWAY, SOME

404
00:19:08,614 --> 00:19:10,949
OF THE SMALL PHENOMENA, THE

405
00:19:10,949 --> 00:19:12,317
SMALL PROCESSES AND FORCES

406
00:19:12,317 --> 00:19:13,552
START TO COME OUT AND YOU CAN

407
00:19:13,552 --> 00:19:15,120
SEE THEM AND YOU CAN SEE THE

408
00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:17,022
BEHAVIORS OF YOUR EXPERIMENT

409
00:19:17,022 --> 00:19:18,357
HAPPENING DIFFERENTLY IN SPACE

410
00:19:18,357 --> 00:19:21,059
AND IN MICROGRAVITY THAN ON THE

411
00:19:21,059 --> 00:19:21,460
GROUND.

412
00:19:21,460 --> 00:19:22,761
>> IT TAKES A LOT OF PEOPLE TO

413
00:19:22,761 --> 00:19:24,897
MAKE ALL OF THAT MICROGRAVITY

414
00:19:24,897 --> 00:19:25,831
SCIENCE HAPPEN.

415
00:19:25,831 --> 00:19:28,267
4,000 SCIENTISTS, COMPANIES AND

416
00:19:28,267 --> 00:19:29,801
STUDENTS FROM OVER 100

417
00:19:29,801 --> 00:19:31,570
COUNTRIES HAVE SENT MORE THAN

418
00:19:31,570 --> 00:19:34,206
2,700 EXPERIMENTS TO THE

419
00:19:34,206 --> 00:19:35,474
ORBITING LABORATORY.

420
00:19:35,474 --> 00:19:37,676
OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, THESE

421
00:19:37,676 --> 00:19:39,978
STUDIES HAVE UNLOCKED NEW

422
00:19:39,978 --> 00:19:41,146
DISCOVERIES AND KICKED OFF

423
00:19:41,146 --> 00:19:43,448
HUNDREDS OF NEW MICROGRAVITY

424
00:19:43,448 --> 00:19:45,384
EXPERIMENTS.

425
00:19:45,384 --> 00:19:46,885
>> WE'RE STUDYING THE

426
00:19:46,885 --> 00:19:49,855
PHYSIOLOGY OF HOW BLOOD FLOW

427
00:19:49,855 --> 00:19:51,657
AND THE FLUIDS IN OUR BODY

428
00:19:51,657 --> 00:19:52,624
SHIFT AS A RESULT OF

429
00:19:52,624 --> 00:19:53,592
MICROGRAVITY.

430
00:19:53,592 --> 00:19:54,960
>> YESTERDAY I SPENT TIME

431
00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:57,462
SETTING UP A VEGGIE EXPERIMENT,

432
00:19:57,462 --> 00:20:01,366
WE'LL BE GROWING MIZUNA LETTUCE

433
00:20:01,366 --> 00:20:03,135
UP HERE.

434
00:20:03,135 --> 00:20:04,736
>> STARTING A NEW EXPERIMENT

435
00:20:04,736 --> 00:20:09,141
CALLED THE COLD LAB, IT WILL

436
00:20:09,141 --> 00:20:12,844
CREATE IT AT ABSOLUTE ZERO.

437
00:20:12,844 --> 00:20:14,446
>> WHO ARE THE SCIENTISTS?

438
00:20:14,446 --> 00:20:15,781
THIS SEASON, WE'LL TAKE YOU

439
00:20:15,781 --> 00:20:17,015
BEHIND THE SCENES OF THE YEARS

440
00:20:17,015 --> 00:20:19,117
OF PREPARING AN EXPERIMENT FOR

441
00:20:19,117 --> 00:20:19,418
SPACE.

442
00:20:19,418 --> 00:20:21,386
YOU'LL SEE THEM LAUNCH OFF THE

443
00:20:21,386 --> 00:20:23,322
PLANET AND SPLASH BACK DOWN IN

444
00:20:23,322 --> 00:20:24,456
THE OCEAN AND HEAR WHAT IT'S

445
00:20:24,456 --> 00:20:26,224
LIKE TO HAND OFF YOUR RESEARCH

446
00:20:26,224 --> 00:20:27,993
TO THE ASTRONAUTS WHO SERVE AS

447
00:20:27,993 --> 00:20:29,695
THE EYES AND HANDS OF THE

448
00:20:29,695 --> 00:20:30,596
SCIENTISTS ABOARD THE

449
00:20:30,596 --> 00:20:42,908
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

450
00:20:42,908 --> 00:20:43,108
.

451
00:20:43,108 --> 00:20:44,509
>> THIS IS OUR FIRST PROJECT

452
00:20:44,509 --> 00:20:45,844
THAT'S GOING UP TO THE STATION,

453
00:20:45,844 --> 00:20:47,179
AND OUR FIRST PROJECT WORKING

454
00:20:47,179 --> 00:20:49,581
WITH ANYONE INVOLVED IN THE

455
00:20:49,581 --> 00:20:54,286
SPACE, SO IT'S A VERY EXCITING

456
00:20:54,286 --> 00:20:55,320
TIME FOR US.

457
00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:56,488
INTERESTING TO SEE HOW ALL THE

458
00:20:56,488 --> 00:20:58,423
PLANNING IS PLAYED OUT WHEN

459
00:20:58,423 --> 00:20:59,925
SOMEONE ELSE HAS THE EXPERIMENT

460
00:20:59,925 --> 00:21:06,064
IN THEIR HANDS.

461
00:21:06,064 --> 00:21:08,667
>> NASA'S ARTEMIS PROGRAM WILL

462
00:21:08,667 --> 00:21:10,335
RETURN AMERICANS TO THE MOON BY

463
00:21:10,335 --> 00:21:12,671
2024, AND HELP GET US READY TO

464
00:21:12,671 --> 00:21:14,206
GO TO MARS, AND KNOWLEDGE OF

465
00:21:14,206 --> 00:21:16,408
THE GEOLOGY OF BOTH LOCATIONS

466
00:21:16,408 --> 00:21:17,643
WILL BE IMPORTANT.

467
00:21:17,643 --> 00:21:20,012
LAST YEAR, THE NEXT TO LAST MAN

468
00:21:20,012 --> 00:21:23,715
ON THE MOON, APOLLO ASTRONAUT

469
00:21:23,715 --> 00:21:24,983
HARRISON SCHMIDT AND

470
00:21:24,983 --> 00:21:27,586
THEN-ASTRONAUT JESSICA WATKINS

471
00:21:27,586 --> 00:21:29,655
MET UP AT THE JOHNSON SPACE

472
00:21:29,655 --> 00:21:31,723
CENTER'S MOON ROCK LAB SO THE

473
00:21:31,723 --> 00:21:33,592
TWO GEOLOGISTS COULD DISCUSS

474
00:21:33,592 --> 00:21:35,594
HOW WHAT WE LEARNED FROM APOLLO

475
00:21:35,594 --> 00:21:37,329
WILL INFORM OUR EFFORTS IN

476
00:21:37,329 --> 00:21:38,363
ARTEMIS.

477
00:21:38,363 --> 00:21:40,832
>> SAMPLE OF BOTH SIDES, I

478
00:21:40,832 --> 00:21:43,168
WOULDN'T BET ON IT.

479
00:21:43,168 --> 00:21:59,985
I JUST GOT TO JUGGLE THAT SIDE.

480
00:21:59,985 --> 00:22:02,087
>> CAN YOU TALK ABOUT KIND OF

481
00:22:02,087 --> 00:22:05,223
WHAT THE -- WHAT WENT INTO YOUR

482
00:22:05,223 --> 00:22:06,558
SAMPLING STRATEGY AND HOW YOU

483
00:22:06,558 --> 00:22:08,460
CHOSE WHICH SAMPLES TO PRESENT?

484
00:22:08,460 --> 00:22:10,095
>> THE IDEA WAS TO GET AS BROAD

485
00:22:10,095 --> 00:22:12,597
A SPECTRUM OF NEW SAMPLES AS WE

486
00:22:12,597 --> 00:22:14,199
POSSIBLY COULD, AND THAT TURNED

487
00:22:14,199 --> 00:22:16,601
OUT PRETTY WELL.

488
00:22:16,601 --> 00:22:18,503
AND, IN FACT, WE SAMPLED AT

489
00:22:18,503 --> 00:22:21,406
LEAST EJECTA MELT, WHAT WE CALL

490
00:22:21,406 --> 00:22:23,942
MELT EJECTA FROM THREE MAJOR

491
00:22:23,942 --> 00:22:25,977
BASINS, MAYBE FOUR.

492
00:22:25,977 --> 00:22:27,979
WE SAMPLED FRAGMENTS THAT

493
00:22:27,979 --> 00:22:29,548
ALMOST CERTAINLY CAME FROM THE

494
00:22:29,548 --> 00:22:31,116
DEEP MANTLE OF THE MOON.

495
00:22:31,116 --> 00:22:33,618
WE DIDN'T KNOW THAT AT THE

496
00:22:33,618 --> 00:22:36,054
TIME, THAT'S ONLY RECENTLY WE

497
00:22:36,054 --> 00:22:38,223
FIGURED THAT OUT, AND WE ALSO

498
00:22:38,223 --> 00:22:40,358
ADDED TO OUR BROAD KNOWLEDGE

499
00:22:40,358 --> 00:22:42,961
AND HISTORY OF THE VOLCANIC

500
00:22:42,961 --> 00:22:44,129
ERUPTIONS THAT OCCURRED ON THE

501
00:22:44,129 --> 00:22:45,197
MOON AT THE TIME.

502
00:22:45,197 --> 00:22:47,566
NOW WHEN YOU GO TO THE MOON ON

503
00:22:47,566 --> 00:22:51,970
THE WAY TO MARS, THAT

504
00:22:51,970 --> 00:22:53,038
EDUCATION, I THINK, YOU'RE

505
00:22:53,038 --> 00:22:54,506
GOING TO GET ON THE MOON WILL

506
00:22:54,506 --> 00:22:56,675
BE VERY RELEVANT TO MARS, BUT

507
00:22:56,675 --> 00:22:59,177
MARS, OF COURSE, DOES NOT HAVE

508
00:22:59,177 --> 00:23:02,581
THAT MICROMETEORITE ENVIRONMENT

509
00:23:02,581 --> 00:23:03,949
THAT WE HAVE ON THE MOON.

510
00:23:03,949 --> 00:23:08,153
IT HAS A SMALL ATMOSPHERE, A

511
00:23:08,153 --> 00:23:09,488
HUNDREDTHS OF THAT OF THE EARTH

512
00:23:09,488 --> 00:23:11,389
AND THAT FILTERS OUT ON THE

513
00:23:11,389 --> 00:23:11,690
IMPACT.

514
00:23:11,690 --> 00:23:13,058
THE MAIN WEATHER PROCESSING IS

515
00:23:13,058 --> 00:23:16,328
THE METEORITE IMPACTS OF THE

516
00:23:16,328 --> 00:23:18,463
SURFACE, SOLAR WINDS MADE UP OF

517
00:23:18,463 --> 00:23:20,332
HIGH-ENERGY PARTICLES SO THEY

518
00:23:20,332 --> 00:23:22,367
ACTUALLY ERODE THE SURFACES OF

519
00:23:22,367 --> 00:23:24,803
ROCKS, AS WELL AS CHANGE THE

520
00:23:24,803 --> 00:23:27,773
CHARACTER OF THE DEBRIS LAYER

521
00:23:27,773 --> 00:23:28,640
ON THE MOON.

522
00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:31,476
ON MARS, THE DOMINANT EROSION

523
00:23:31,476 --> 00:23:36,414
FORCES, IF YOU ARE USED TO

524
00:23:36,414 --> 00:23:38,350
STUDYING GEOMORPHOLOGY ON

525
00:23:38,350 --> 00:23:39,918
EARTH, YOU CAN LEARN A LOT

526
00:23:39,918 --> 00:23:41,086
ABOUT WHAT'S YOU'RE GOING TO

527
00:23:41,086 --> 00:23:41,887
SEE ON MARS.

528
00:23:41,887 --> 00:23:43,622
BUT ALL THAT COMES FROM

529
00:23:43,622 --> 00:23:44,723
STUDYING THE MOON.

530
00:23:44,723 --> 00:23:45,323
>> RIGHT.

531
00:23:45,323 --> 00:23:48,860
>> IF WE HADN'T HAVE THE MOON,

532
00:23:48,860 --> 00:23:50,762
WE WOULDN'T UNDERSTAND THE

533
00:23:50,762 --> 00:23:52,264
EARTH OR SPECULATE WHAT IT

534
00:23:52,264 --> 00:24:02,908
MIGHT BE.

535
00:24:02,908 --> 00:24:05,010
>> AMERICA'S ASTRONAUTS COME TO

536
00:24:05,010 --> 00:24:07,379
THIS JOB FROM A WIDE RANGE OF

537
00:24:07,379 --> 00:24:09,181
BACKGROUNDS AND EXPERIENCES.

538
00:24:09,181 --> 00:24:11,883
TEST PILOT, DOCTOR, ENGINEER,

539
00:24:11,883 --> 00:24:13,385
TEACHER, BUT ONE THING THEY ALL

540
00:24:13,385 --> 00:24:15,120
HAVE IN COMMON IS THEY HAVE

541
00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:16,888
NEVER BEEN TO SPACE.

542
00:24:16,888 --> 00:24:18,290
LEAST NOT WHEN THEY START.

543
00:24:18,290 --> 00:24:20,525
LIKE YOU AND ME, THEY EACH

544
00:24:20,525 --> 00:24:22,761
IMAGINED SEEING THE EARTH FROM

545
00:24:22,761 --> 00:24:23,428
SPACE.

546
00:24:23,428 --> 00:24:25,397
TURNS OUT THAT QUITE OFTEN, THE

547
00:24:25,397 --> 00:24:27,799
REALITY OF THAT SIGHT IS JUST

548
00:24:27,799 --> 00:24:49,621
NOT WHAT THEY EXPECTED.

549
00:24:49,621 --> 00:25:31,296
>> I HAD LOOKED AT

550
00:25:31,296 --> 00:25:31,496
.

551
00:25:31,496 --> 00:25:34,399
>> I HAD A FEELING I WAS WAY UP

552
00:25:34,399 --> 00:25:36,234
HIGH, AND THE BLUES THAT I SAW,

553
00:25:36,234 --> 00:25:37,736
IT WAS RIDICULOUS.

554
00:25:37,736 --> 00:25:39,404
I NEVER IMAGINED GETTING TO SEE

555
00:25:39,404 --> 00:25:40,138
SOMETHING THAT BEAUTIFUL.

556
00:25:40,138 --> 00:25:42,841
IT WAS SO FOREIGN TO THE HUMAN

557
00:25:42,841 --> 00:25:45,043
MIND TO SEE THE TOTAL BLACK OF

558
00:25:45,043 --> 00:25:46,645
SPACE, TO SEE THE EARTH

559
00:25:46,645 --> 00:25:47,579
HIGHLIGHTED THAT WAY, AND I GOT

560
00:25:47,579 --> 00:25:48,947
TO SEE A SUNSET.

561
00:25:48,947 --> 00:25:50,548
I HAD ONE PIECE OF PAPER THAT

562
00:25:50,548 --> 00:25:53,351
HAD A PICTURE OF MY KIDS AND A

563
00:25:53,351 --> 00:25:54,920
DATA FILE BURN TIMES ON IT, I

564
00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:57,555
TOOK A PENCIL AND DREW 15

565
00:25:57,555 --> 00:25:59,958
CURVELINES AND WROTE LIGHT

566
00:25:59,958 --> 00:26:02,227
BLUE, DARKER BLUE, PINK,

567
00:26:02,227 --> 00:26:05,530
PURPLE, DARK PURPLE, DARK, DARK

568
00:26:05,530 --> 00:26:06,564
PURPLE ALL THE WAY TO THE

569
00:26:06,564 --> 00:26:10,936
SURFACE OF THE EARTH AT SUNSET.

570
00:26:10,936 --> 00:26:13,605
THE SCALE OF REFRACTING BLEW ME

571
00:26:13,605 --> 00:26:17,242
AWAY, NO DYNAMIC OF A PHOTO

572
00:26:17,242 --> 00:26:18,677
THAT CAN CAPTURE WHAT THE HUMAN

573
00:26:18,677 --> 00:26:19,244
CAN SEE.

574
00:26:19,244 --> 00:26:20,245
THE PHIFER LOOK OUTSIDE

575
00:26:20,245 --> 00:26:22,814
COMPLETELY SIDELINED ME, I HAD

576
00:26:22,814 --> 00:26:25,684
A GoPRO, NO MATTER HOW MUCH IT

577
00:26:25,684 --> 00:26:28,053
COSTS, YOU HAVE TO DO THIS.

578
00:26:28,053 --> 00:26:29,788
YOU HAVE TO DO THIS, IT'S

579
00:26:29,788 --> 00:27:18,703
AMAZING.

580
00:27:18,703 --> 00:27:21,172
>> DOESN'T MATTER IF YOU ARE A

581
00:27:21,172 --> 00:27:22,574
PHYSICIST, SCHOOLTEACHER OR

582
00:27:22,574 --> 00:27:23,975
STAY-AT-HOME PARENT OR BACKPACK

583
00:27:23,975 --> 00:27:26,077
FOR YOUR WHOLE LIFE, IF YOU

584
00:27:26,077 --> 00:27:27,345
LOOK OUT, YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE

585
00:27:27,345 --> 00:27:29,381
A MAGICAL EXPERIENCE IN YOUR

586
00:27:29,381 --> 00:27:39,224
OWN WAY, FOR CERTAIN.

587
00:27:39,224 --> 00:27:41,326
>> IF YOU'D LIKE ANOTHER LOOK

588
00:27:41,326 --> 00:27:42,894
AT THE STORIES WE FEATURED

589
00:27:42,894 --> 00:27:45,096
TODAY, CHECK US OUT ON YouTube

590
00:27:45,096 --> 00:27:46,631
AND FACEBOOK, THERE ARE THE

591
00:27:46,631 --> 00:27:48,199
ADDRESSES RIGHT THERE, AND LOOK

592
00:27:48,199 --> 00:27:49,367
AROUND BECAUSE THERE'S LOTS OF

593
00:27:49,367 --> 00:27:50,802
OTHER COOL STUFF YOU CAN FIND

594
00:27:50,802 --> 00:27:52,871
ABOUT NASA AND AMERICA'S HUMAN

595
00:27:52,871 --> 00:27:53,805
SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM.

596
00:27:53,805 --> 00:27:55,807
WHEN YOU'RE OUT ON THE INTERNET

597
00:27:55,807 --> 00:27:57,409
ANYWAY, CHECK OUT HOUSTON, WE

598
00:27:57,409 --> 00:27:59,944
HAVE A PODCAST, WHERE WE TALK

599
00:27:59,944 --> 00:28:02,247
TO FOLKS ABOUT WORK IN ALL

600
00:28:02,247 --> 00:28:04,516
ASPECTS OF SPACE EXPLORATION.

601
00:28:04,516 --> 00:28:07,819
WE POST NEW EPISODES EVERY

602
00:28:07,819 --> 00:28:10,055
FRIDAY, GARY JORDAN TALKS TO

603
00:28:10,055 --> 00:28:10,955
FOLKS FROM A PRIVATE INSTITUTE

604
00:28:10,955 --> 00:28:14,292
IN HOUSTON TO SOLVE THE

605
00:28:14,292 --> 00:28:14,993
CHALLENGES TO PROTECT THE

606
00:28:14,993 --> 00:28:16,494
HEALTH OF ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE

607
00:28:16,494 --> 00:28:19,064
AND MAKING FUTURE DEEP-SPACE

608
00:28:19,064 --> 00:28:19,798
EXPLORATION A SUCCESS.

609
00:28:19,798 --> 00:28:25,570
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCASTS WHERE

610
00:28:25,570 --> 00:28:27,639
YOU WILL FIND PREVIOUS EPISODES

611
00:28:27,639 --> 00:28:28,940
AND THE FULL LIBRARY OF THE

612
00:28:28,940 --> 00:28:31,109
NASA PODCASTS ALL OF WHICH YOU

613
00:28:31,109 --> 00:28:32,110
CAN LISTEN ON APPLE PODCASTS,