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>>> Ignition sequence start.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> Got morning, welcome to

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mission control Houston.

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You are looking at the

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international space station

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flight control room.

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And the specialists who are

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monitoring systems on the

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station and working with the

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expedition 62 crew members as

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they finish up their workweek.

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And look forward to an off-duty

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weekend.

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Commander oleg Skripochka and

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flight engineer Jessica Meir and

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drew Morgan spent a good bit of

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time this week unpacking the

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dragon cargo ship that arrived

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Monday morning filled with rue

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supplies and materials to

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support dozens of science

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experience experiences both

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inside and outside the station.

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>> Welcome to space to ground.

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I Kamka Los Angeles a new cargo

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vehicle has arrived bringing

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with it a variety of new science

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experiments to be conducted on

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board.

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After its launch on March 6th

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it rendezvoused bringing

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two tons of cargo on Monday,

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Jessica Meir and Andrew Morgan

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used the Canadian robotic arm on

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the space station to capture the

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drag be cargo vehicle and

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connect it.

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Stowed away on CRS20 was many

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new experiments for the crew to

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perform including biological

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research investigates studying

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microgravity's impact on stem

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cells intestinal diseases and

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chemical reaction.

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Dragon brought the first

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research platform to be up

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stalled on the station.

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Named for the younger brother of

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explorer Christopher columbus

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this, external payload platform

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was developed eye Germany's pair

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bus and operated by the European

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space Agency.

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Providing power and data

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transmission for up to 12 a pau

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loads mounted outside the

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orbiting land.

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Also arriving on dragon are

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several new MSCs, drew Morgan

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took time this week to end

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stalled them on to the transfer

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Tray that is used to transport

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the sample carriers through the

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airlock outside in to space.

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From there, the MSCs are

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attach robotically to the

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platform.

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External platform that provides

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the ability to test materials,

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coatings and technologies or

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other larger experiments in the

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harsh environment of space.

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Which is virtual impossible to

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do collectively on earth.

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Testing in low earth orbit

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allows researchers to see how

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technologies react to exposure

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to the space he were

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environment, including

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ultraviolet and eye fighting

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raise Craigs, charmed particles

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and micro meteors.

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Keep sending in your questions

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using the #askNASA well see you

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next week.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> Scientists who developed

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those experiments spent years

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getting them ready to fly.

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And they are now poised to work

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with the station crew members to

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carry out the protocols.

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In the next episode, of the new

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NASA explorers series we look in

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on this step in the process for

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a previous team of scientists

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when their experiment reached

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the international space station

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and the expedition crew members

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opened the package.

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>> Choose your loads, please.

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[ Laughter ]

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>> Cheers.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> That's pretty good.

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>> Wow.

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>> It's a salad think.

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>> Yeah.

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>> Good salad.

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>> That was delicious.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> That was great.

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>> Well, when you haven't had a

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salad in six months, it's

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delicious.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> Station on two.

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>> An rack.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> Great, how is your view?

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Document anything different?

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>> No, the view looks great,

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thank you.

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>> Now that the experiment is

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aboard the space station it's

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time for the astronauts to get

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to work.

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Alain and Paris are back in have

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and the nana racks testimony

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team is back in Texas where they

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will we are stormed a ground

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controlled version of the

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experiment being conducted by

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the crew?

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Space.

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>> The crew members are using

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the reader to read the plates

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analyzing the plate and the

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migration of fluids on the

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plate.

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We have our ground samples here,

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these are identical to the ones

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that are on the space station.

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And what we will do is as the

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crew members insert the plates

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in to the plate reader on the

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space station, we are also going

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to insert the plates to the

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ground unit we have behind me to

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confirm that what we are seeing

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in the effects that we do end up

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seeing is effecting the space

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environment compared to the

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ground unit.

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What the plate reader does it's

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called a big fancy word and it

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has a lamp in it that shines

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white light and has a prism and

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the white light shines the

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grading and moves to orien Tate

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separating the light in to a

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wavelength you get to select

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which wavelength you want to

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shine through your sample.

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We have six plates each play

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takes four minutes, it's 30

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minutes in.

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Every time in between we'll

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listen to the crew member and

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then we'll hit the command here,

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once it's done they take the

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play out and put nut one in and

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repeat for five more times.

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>> So station on three, place

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1003 is in the Tray.

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>> Yes, it's reading the plate.

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Got a little -- the plate is in

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there, moves the plate this way

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and the read head move this is

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way.

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You can hear that lamp that's in

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that turns the lamp on.

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It sounds like bad techno music.

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>> My crew made was the first

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one to start experiment and I

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took over for him and said what

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experiment is this, what are we

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doing? and he looks at me I am

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not sure so we called down to

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the ground to mission control.

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>> Part of this is we are

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looking at a gel that can

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release antibiotics on a slow

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release to multiple sites, but I

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don't know what happened to that

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plate in the read this is

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morning and what is going on.

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>> We are being look for how the

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gel migrates overtime which is

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why we are scanning the plate

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two times a day.

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>> I look I can that answer,

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that's very cool.

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Thank you for find that go out.

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>> In problem.

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>> So this is 15 days.

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Twice a day and they are

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typically in the middle of the

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night, which is in the morning

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for the crew on space station.

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And then usually sometime in the

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late morning, early afternoon

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here.

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Kyle has been running the show.

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Getting up every six hours,

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eight hours, seven hours to do

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this.

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It's kind of fun in a way.

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I get to play astronaut on the

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ground.

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That's always fun.

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>> After 15 days of running the

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experiment, the researchers have

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a lot of valuable data about how

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hydro gels behave in

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microgravity.

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To learn even more the samples

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will come back to earth for

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further analysis.

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For the last leg of their

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journey, the samples will return

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to earth in the same dragon

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capsule that gave them a ride to

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microgravity.

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After dragon splashes down in

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the Pacific ocean, it's take

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taupe the port of Long Beach,

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where NASA will be ready to

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retrieve the precious cargo.

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>> Splash down for dragon was on

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Sunday, I believe and so NASA

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has a group called [ Inaudible ]

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and cargo manifests and they go

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out and pick up the payloads

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from dragon and collect it to

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people at L.A. or whoever needs

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them and bring them here to

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Johnson says center.

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Now I am out front.

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And I just picked up module 74,

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which is our project.

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And they hand it to me and I put

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it in my cooler and then I drive

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it over to our office where it's

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going to sit until we fly up to

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the office in Richmond, Virginia

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to do the final phase of the

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experiment, which is removing

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the samples out of the reactor.

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Really proud to take part in

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this really interesting

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experiment.

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>> When we first got our gels

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back it's already exciting,

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these are what the astronauts

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touch sewed we open them and

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they have been to space and back

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and how they are in our lab.

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>> A few minutes ago, Kayla told

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you about hardware for a couple

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of experiments that are going to

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use the exterior of the

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international space station as

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they are laboratory.

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There is a big experiment

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already out there on the

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starboard truss that was

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recently put back in service

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after a series of space walks.

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Getting it back to work,

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searching for cosmic particles,

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which originated billions of

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light years away.

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And which may hold the key to

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the origin and composition of

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the universe.

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♪ Music Playing ♪

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>> Humans have observed many

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wonders across the cosmos, yet

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much of our universe is still

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00:09:58,631 --> 00:10:00,866
shrouded in mystery.

294
00:10:00,866 --> 00:10:02,468
Among those mysteries, is the

295
00:10:02,468 --> 00:10:04,203
formation of our universe.

296
00:10:04,203 --> 00:10:05,805
Which should have resulted in a

297
00:10:05,805 --> 00:10:07,440
balance of matter and its

298
00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:08,874
corresponding counterpart

299
00:10:08,874 --> 00:10:10,576
anti-matter.

300
00:10:10,576 --> 00:10:12,011
Much of that matter is thought

301
00:10:12,011 --> 00:10:14,647
to exist in the form of dark

302
00:10:14,647 --> 00:10:15,948
matter which can't be directly

303
00:10:15,948 --> 00:10:16,682
observed.

304
00:10:16,682 --> 00:10:18,584
Much of the anti-matter can't be

305
00:10:18,584 --> 00:10:20,419
fouled at all.

306
00:10:20,419 --> 00:10:22,421
Studying fundamental particles

307
00:10:22,421 --> 00:10:23,956
originating from sources up to

308
00:10:23,956 --> 00:10:25,891
billions of light years away,

309
00:10:25,891 --> 00:10:27,293
may hold the key to

310
00:10:27,293 --> 00:10:28,494
understanding both the

311
00:10:28,494 --> 00:10:30,629
composition and history of our

312
00:10:30,629 --> 00:10:32,365
universe.

313
00:10:32,365 --> 00:10:33,966
Welcome to the world of particle

314
00:10:33,966 --> 00:10:34,800
physics.

315
00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:37,403
Currently being explored for low

316
00:10:37,403 --> 00:10:39,638
earth orbit by the alpha

317
00:10:39,638 --> 00:10:42,375
magnetic spectrometer, installed

318
00:10:42,375 --> 00:10:44,210
on the international space

319
00:10:44,210 --> 00:10:45,811
station or I.S.S.

320
00:10:45,811 --> 00:10:52,184
Planets, stars, interstellar

321
00:10:52,184 --> 00:10:55,421
gas, ducts, what we are able to

322
00:10:55,421 --> 00:10:57,690
observe across the universe,

323
00:10:57,690 --> 00:10:59,525
comprises less than 5% of the

324
00:10:59,525 --> 00:11:01,127
total content found throughout

325
00:11:01,127 --> 00:11:02,762
the universe.

326
00:11:02,762 --> 00:11:06,599
The other 95% is dark.

327
00:11:06,599 --> 00:11:07,700
Dark matter as well as dark

328
00:11:07,700 --> 00:11:10,036
energy.

329
00:11:10,036 --> 00:11:11,470
Dark matter doesn't interact

330
00:11:11,470 --> 00:11:13,272
with or produce light as far as

331
00:11:13,272 --> 00:11:15,007
we know.

332
00:11:15,007 --> 00:11:17,109
Taillight doesn't consist of

333
00:11:17,109 --> 00:11:18,644
normal matter or matter that can

334
00:11:18,644 --> 00:11:20,179
be observed directly.

335
00:11:20,179 --> 00:11:21,380
So how do you improve

336
00:11:21,380 --> 00:11:22,982
understanding of something that

337
00:11:22,982 --> 00:11:24,817
can't be observed?

338
00:11:24,817 --> 00:11:26,552
One way is to look for evidence

339
00:11:26,552 --> 00:11:27,853
of its interactions.

340
00:11:27,853 --> 00:11:32,291
Kurt Costello the I.S.S. program

341
00:11:32,291 --> 00:11:34,727
chief scientist as Johnson space

342
00:11:34,727 --> 00:11:36,462
center explains how the giant

343
00:11:36,462 --> 00:11:38,798
magnet of AMSO2 is working to

344
00:11:38,798 --> 00:11:42,234
help scientists test and modify

345
00:11:42,234 --> 00:11:43,235
their theories.

346
00:11:43,235 --> 00:11:45,771
Scientists are using AMSO2 to

347
00:11:45,771 --> 00:11:47,606
look at cosmic Rays, charged

348
00:11:47,606 --> 00:11:49,542
particles that travel near the

349
00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:53,779
speed of light AMSO2 categorizes

350
00:11:53,779 --> 00:11:55,414
each cosmic Ray looking at a

351
00:11:55,414 --> 00:11:56,849
high energy range, to see

352
00:11:56,849 --> 00:11:58,684
whether that stellar phenomenon

353
00:11:58,684 --> 00:12:00,419
that we can measure can account

354
00:12:00,419 --> 00:12:01,921
for all of the cosmic Rays we

355
00:12:01,921 --> 00:12:03,656
are seeing.

356
00:12:03,656 --> 00:12:05,057
But if you see something in the

357
00:12:05,057 --> 00:12:07,493
Spectra that doesn't fit, then

358
00:12:07,493 --> 00:12:09,028
this could be evidence of dark

359
00:12:09,028 --> 00:12:12,264
matter interactions.

360
00:12:12,264 --> 00:12:14,066
By studying cosmic Rays,

361
00:12:14,066 --> 00:12:15,701
scientists are also able to

362
00:12:15,701 --> 00:12:18,537
search for anti-matter.

363
00:12:18,537 --> 00:12:20,773
The big bang their of the

364
00:12:20,773 --> 00:12:21,974
universe's origin requires a

365
00:12:21,974 --> 00:12:23,976
50/50 ratio of matter to

366
00:12:23,976 --> 00:12:24,710
anti-matter.

367
00:12:24,710 --> 00:12:26,011
But to date the amount of

368
00:12:26,011 --> 00:12:28,047
anti-matter found doesn't come

369
00:12:28,047 --> 00:12:29,281
close to matching the amount of

370
00:12:29,281 --> 00:12:32,218
matter known to exist.

371
00:12:32,218 --> 00:12:33,619
Costello says one of the goals

372
00:12:33,619 --> 00:12:35,354
of the mission is to detect

373
00:12:35,354 --> 00:12:37,289
anti-matter and see if there are

374
00:12:37,289 --> 00:12:38,891
any large collections of it out

375
00:12:38,891 --> 00:12:41,327
there somewhere.

376
00:12:41,327 --> 00:12:42,962
When particles pass through the

377
00:12:42,962 --> 00:12:45,498
strong magnetic field produced

378
00:12:45,498 --> 00:12:49,835
by AMSO2 their paths bend,

379
00:12:49,835 --> 00:12:52,872
anti-matter particles standout

380
00:12:52,872 --> 00:12:53,772
because they are bent in the

381
00:12:53,772 --> 00:12:55,508
opposite direction compared to

382
00:12:55,508 --> 00:12:56,942
matter particle.

383
00:12:56,942 --> 00:12:58,878
The instrument searches with' at

384
00:12:58,878 --> 00:13:00,613
this matter with sensitivity

385
00:13:00,613 --> 00:13:04,950
three-quarters greater that flew

386
00:13:04,950 --> 00:13:07,286
in June the 1988 aboard the

387
00:13:07,286 --> 00:13:08,387
space shuttle discovery.

388
00:13:08,387 --> 00:13:10,222
This could support the discovery

389
00:13:10,222 --> 00:13:12,358
of anti-matter pools that were

390
00:13:12,358 --> 00:13:16,595
previously undetectable.

391
00:13:16,595 --> 00:13:18,931
A key factor to to get the most

392
00:13:18,931 --> 00:13:20,566
out of AMSO2 is time.

393
00:13:20,566 --> 00:13:22,067
Orally expected to have a life

394
00:13:22,067 --> 00:13:23,169
span of three years, the

395
00:13:23,169 --> 00:13:24,503
instrument has continued to

396
00:13:24,503 --> 00:13:26,238
perform in to its eighth year of

397
00:13:26,238 --> 00:13:28,140
operation aboard the orbiting

398
00:13:28,140 --> 00:13:29,775
laboratory.

399
00:13:29,775 --> 00:13:32,211
In late 2019 and early 2020,

400
00:13:32,211 --> 00:13:33,913
astronauts conducted a series of

401
00:13:33,913 --> 00:13:37,550
space walks to replace AMSO2's

402
00:13:37,550 --> 00:13:38,784
cooling pumps which were

403
00:13:38,784 --> 00:13:39,385
failing.

404
00:13:39,385 --> 00:13:40,486
Extend being the life of the

405
00:13:40,486 --> 00:13:41,921
instrument will provide

406
00:13:41,921 --> 00:13:44,123
scientists more time in their

407
00:13:44,123 --> 00:13:46,892
quest to unveil some of the

408
00:13:46,892 --> 00:13:48,894
universe's greatest mysteries.

409
00:13:48,894 --> 00:13:50,629
For more on scientist I can

410
00:13:50,629 --> 00:13:52,665
studies being done on and from

411
00:13:52,665 --> 00:13:54,900
the space station go to

412
00:13:54,900 --> 00:13:58,470
NASA.gov/ISS-science.

413
00:13:58,470 --> 00:13:59,872
For more information about the

414
00:13:59,872 --> 00:14:02,708
origins of the universe, visit

415
00:14:02,708 --> 00:14:17,056
science.NASA.gov.

416
00:14:17,056 --> 00:14:18,290
>> During those recent space

417
00:14:18,290 --> 00:14:20,826
talks to get the alpha magnetic

418
00:14:20,826 --> 00:14:23,262
spectrometer bank in operation,

419
00:14:23,262 --> 00:14:25,664
astronauts Luca and drew Morgan

420
00:14:25,664 --> 00:14:27,099
used of a special new tool

421
00:14:27,099 --> 00:14:28,300
developed by college student

422
00:14:28,300 --> 00:14:30,135
here in Houston in order to

423
00:14:30,135 --> 00:14:31,770
complete some of their tasks.

424
00:14:31,770 --> 00:14:33,505
Here say look at how the Artemis

425
00:14:33,505 --> 00:14:34,707
generation is contributing to

426
00:14:34,707 --> 00:14:36,041
NASA's mission right now.

427
00:14:36,041 --> 00:15:38,470
♪ Music Playing ♪

428
00:15:38,470 --> 00:15:46,512
>> Subscribe for more space.

429
00:15:46,512 --> 00:15:49,481
>> Along with a hands-on work

430
00:15:49,481 --> 00:15:50,683
with science experiments and

431
00:15:50,683 --> 00:15:52,184
space walks and visiting

432
00:15:52,184 --> 00:15:53,619
vehicles, international space

433
00:15:53,619 --> 00:15:54,820
station crew members used some

434
00:15:54,820 --> 00:15:56,855
of their time for edge character

435
00:15:56,855 --> 00:15:58,524
events in which they talk about

436
00:15:58,524 --> 00:16:00,359
science, with students on earth.

437
00:16:00,359 --> 00:16:01,860
As you may have just seen

438
00:16:01,860 --> 00:16:03,996
Jessica Meir do a few minutes

439
00:16:03,996 --> 00:16:04,530
ago.

440
00:16:04,530 --> 00:16:06,532
Explaining stem topics to

441
00:16:06,532 --> 00:16:08,367
students is an important part of

442
00:16:08,367 --> 00:16:09,868
the station's education mission,

443
00:16:09,868 --> 00:16:12,104
in this demonstration video,

444
00:16:12,104 --> 00:16:15,040
randy demonstrates Newton's

445
00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:15,841
second law of motion.

446
00:16:15,841 --> 00:16:31,890
♪ Music Playing ♪

447
00:16:31,890 --> 00:16:33,826
>> Hello, everyone, I am as it

448
00:16:33,826 --> 00:16:35,361
as true now Randy living and

449
00:16:35,361 --> 00:16:36,762
working aboard the international

450
00:16:36,762 --> 00:16:38,997
space station, now, on the space

451
00:16:38,997 --> 00:16:40,099
station, we live in a

452
00:16:40,099 --> 00:16:42,034
microgravity environment.

453
00:16:42,034 --> 00:16:43,769
Do you think the laws of physics

454
00:16:43,769 --> 00:16:44,670
will hold up?

455
00:16:44,670 --> 00:16:46,305
Come okay let's go find out.

456
00:16:46,305 --> 00:16:49,241
♪ Music Playing ♪

457
00:16:49,241 --> 00:16:50,943
>> The acceleration of an object

458
00:16:50,943 --> 00:16:53,278
depends on the force act on the

459
00:16:53,278 --> 00:16:54,079
object and the mass of the

460
00:16:54,079 --> 00:16:56,815
object or S equals MssA.

461
00:16:56,815 --> 00:16:58,183
>> Jolly good show, sir isaac.

462
00:16:58,183 --> 00:17:00,018
>> I can we see once the force

463
00:17:00,018 --> 00:17:01,019
of the thrust is greater than

464
00:17:01,019 --> 00:17:02,020
the weight of the vehicle the

465
00:17:02,020 --> 00:17:04,757
rocket begins to accelerate.

466
00:17:04,757 --> 00:17:05,657
>> We'll start with something

467
00:17:05,657 --> 00:17:06,091
small.

468
00:17:06,091 --> 00:17:07,092
Something you might have at

469
00:17:07,092 --> 00:17:07,793
home.

470
00:17:07,793 --> 00:17:11,630
A little stick of chapstick.

471
00:17:11,630 --> 00:17:14,266
We'll said and use our force and

472
00:17:14,266 --> 00:17:15,701
bungee cord here.

473
00:17:15,701 --> 00:17:18,036
We'll put on our bungee.

474
00:17:18,036 --> 00:17:20,572
I'll pull it back.

475
00:17:20,572 --> 00:17:22,508
And you can see how fast it

476
00:17:22,508 --> 00:17:24,410
accelerates because there is

477
00:17:24,410 --> 00:17:25,444
very little mass.

478
00:17:25,444 --> 00:17:27,346
Next we'll try a little

479
00:17:27,346 --> 00:17:28,981
spaceship.

480
00:17:28,981 --> 00:17:29,882
Little more massive.

481
00:17:29,882 --> 00:17:31,917
And you can feel that because as

482
00:17:31,917 --> 00:17:34,253
you move it it, you can feel it

483
00:17:34,253 --> 00:17:35,654
kind of the extra force that you

484
00:17:35,654 --> 00:17:37,256
have to push with your hands, so

485
00:17:37,256 --> 00:17:39,191
we'll put our spaceship on our

486
00:17:39,191 --> 00:17:40,726
launcher here.

487
00:17:40,726 --> 00:17:41,026
Same spot.

488
00:17:41,026 --> 00:17:47,699
Notice it's flying a slot slower

489
00:17:47,699 --> 00:17:50,502
than the chapstick did.

490
00:17:50,502 --> 00:17:53,238
What whip seen is the same

491
00:17:53,238 --> 00:17:55,174
amount of force on a smaller

492
00:17:55,174 --> 00:17:57,042
less massive object means the

493
00:17:57,042 --> 00:17:58,744
acceleration faster this is the

494
00:17:58,744 --> 00:18:00,679
biggest most massive thing we

495
00:18:00,679 --> 00:18:01,914
have let's see how the

496
00:18:01,914 --> 00:18:03,115
acceleration is affected.

497
00:18:03,115 --> 00:18:10,889
And here we go.

498
00:18:10,889 --> 00:18:17,362
There you have it newt tonight's

499
00:18:17,362 --> 00:18:19,064
second law of motion in action.

500
00:18:19,064 --> 00:18:21,099
Thanks, everybody, for exploring

501
00:18:21,099 --> 00:18:22,734
a little physics with me today.

502
00:18:22,734 --> 00:18:24,636
Now I will send it back to earth

503
00:18:24,636 --> 00:18:25,871
so you can start your

504
00:18:25,871 --> 00:18:27,172
experiments, see you again real

505
00:18:27,172 --> 00:18:45,958
soon.

506
00:18:45,958 --> 00:18:47,159
>> Five weeks from now after

507
00:18:47,159 --> 00:18:50,496
another Soyuz delivers three

508
00:18:50,496 --> 00:18:51,396
more crew members to the

509
00:18:51,396 --> 00:18:52,831
international space station

510
00:18:52,831 --> 00:18:54,867
these three competition 62

511
00:18:54,867 --> 00:18:56,168
members will head home and that

512
00:18:56,168 --> 00:18:58,437
will wrap up Jessica matt Meir's

513
00:18:58,437 --> 00:19:00,072
first space flight but not her

514
00:19:00,072 --> 00:19:01,173
first mission in an extreme

515
00:19:01,173 --> 00:19:03,008
environment.

516
00:19:03,008 --> 00:19:05,010
She studied penguins in

517
00:19:05,010 --> 00:19:06,945
Antarctica Kaminsky and mapped

518
00:19:06,945 --> 00:19:08,380
caves in Italy two activities

519
00:19:08,380 --> 00:19:09,882
That prepared her for the

520
00:19:09,882 --> 00:19:17,256
ultimate extreme environment.

521
00:19:17,256 --> 00:19:18,357
>> The thing that's always

522
00:19:18,357 --> 00:19:19,191
driven and he can site immediate

523
00:19:19,191 --> 00:19:20,192
is exploration in general.

524
00:19:20,192 --> 00:19:21,026
I think I have always been

525
00:19:21,026 --> 00:19:22,728
attracted to these extreme

526
00:19:22,728 --> 00:19:24,963
environments, places where fewer

527
00:19:24,963 --> 00:19:26,198
people have been, where

528
00:19:26,198 --> 00:19:28,000
conditions are a little bit more

529
00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:29,535
harsh, a little bit more rare

530
00:19:29,535 --> 00:19:32,271
and really extreme in general.

531
00:19:32,271 --> 00:19:34,706
I went to the Antarctic five

532
00:19:34,706 --> 00:19:37,442
times four times was for my

533
00:19:37,442 --> 00:19:40,379
Ph.d research and the work

534
00:19:40,379 --> 00:19:42,080
that we were pursuing there is

535
00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:45,017
looking it he diving physiology

536
00:19:45,017 --> 00:19:46,552
of penguins, they use this

537
00:19:46,552 --> 00:19:49,788
really big drill to create a

538
00:19:49,788 --> 00:19:50,489
hole had the ice and you enter

539
00:19:50,489 --> 00:19:51,523
the water through that hole in

540
00:19:51,523 --> 00:19:52,024
the ice.

541
00:19:52,024 --> 00:19:53,859
The first time you go diving

542
00:19:53,859 --> 00:19:56,161
through the sea ice hole you

543
00:19:56,161 --> 00:19:57,796
really never forget the feeling.

544
00:19:57,796 --> 00:19:59,331
The water down there is a

545
00:19:59,331 --> 00:20:03,769
constant negative 2 Celsius so

546
00:20:03,769 --> 00:20:05,103
28 degrees Fahrenheit.

547
00:20:05,103 --> 00:20:06,338
And you can see Rays of light

548
00:20:06,338 --> 00:20:08,540
coming in from any crack or hole

549
00:20:08,540 --> 00:20:10,275
anywhere around the area.

550
00:20:10,275 --> 00:20:11,577
And that is where you start

551
00:20:11,577 --> 00:20:13,912
realizing all of the color and

552
00:20:13,912 --> 00:20:17,382
the beauty in the Antarctica is.

553
00:20:17,382 --> 00:20:18,283
It's just an extraordinary

554
00:20:18,283 --> 00:20:19,084
experience and the things that I

555
00:20:19,084 --> 00:20:20,319
saw around water there is

556
00:20:20,319 --> 00:20:21,920
definitely the most remarkable

557
00:20:21,920 --> 00:20:23,655
and exceptional diving I have

558
00:20:23,655 --> 00:20:25,057
ever had.

559
00:20:25,057 --> 00:20:26,391
One of the things that we use

560
00:20:26,391 --> 00:20:27,793
for training for space flight

561
00:20:27,793 --> 00:20:29,828
for astronauts from all of our

562
00:20:29,828 --> 00:20:32,064
partner agencies is training in

563
00:20:32,064 --> 00:20:33,665
analogues, so if you try to

564
00:20:33,665 --> 00:20:35,400
think what are useful training

565
00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:36,401
platforms on the everything, how

566
00:20:36,401 --> 00:20:37,936
do we replicate all of the

567
00:20:37,936 --> 00:20:39,171
characteristics of a space

568
00:20:39,171 --> 00:20:40,272
mission?

569
00:20:40,272 --> 00:20:44,610
One of the analogues that the

570
00:20:44,610 --> 00:20:45,944
European space agency developed

571
00:20:45,944 --> 00:20:47,646
is called cave it's a technical

572
00:20:47,646 --> 00:20:49,481
caving mission so the cave

573
00:20:49,481 --> 00:20:50,716
training mission was in this

574
00:20:50,716 --> 00:20:52,317
very extraordinary cave in

575
00:20:52,317 --> 00:20:53,018
Sardinia.

576
00:20:53,018 --> 00:20:54,853
You would sometimes be calling

577
00:20:54,853 --> 00:20:56,688
through a hole when you see it

578
00:20:56,688 --> 00:20:57,856
in the dips tans you don't think

579
00:20:57,856 --> 00:20:58,957
there is anyway you can fit

580
00:20:58,957 --> 00:20:59,358
through that.

581
00:20:59,358 --> 00:21:01,493
One at a time we would take off

582
00:21:01,493 --> 00:21:03,495
our packs and shimmy like a

583
00:21:03,495 --> 00:21:05,130
snake through these tiny little

584
00:21:05,130 --> 00:21:06,264
holes and then all of a sudden

585
00:21:06,264 --> 00:21:07,966
you would come out in to this

586
00:21:07,966 --> 00:21:11,603
room, this cathedral with a

587
00:21:11,603 --> 00:21:13,338
hundred meter granite wall.

588
00:21:13,338 --> 00:21:14,439
It was really just

589
00:21:14,439 --> 00:21:14,773
extraordinary.

590
00:21:14,773 --> 00:21:16,274
And then we would go on daily

591
00:21:16,274 --> 00:21:18,710
excursions, doing scientific

592
00:21:18,710 --> 00:21:20,312
experiments, exploring, mapping

593
00:21:20,312 --> 00:21:22,247
the cave, so all really similar

594
00:21:22,247 --> 00:21:23,882
things that we would do when we

595
00:21:23,882 --> 00:21:25,584
finally get to the point of

596
00:21:25,584 --> 00:21:27,219
exploring another planet, for

597
00:21:27,219 --> 00:21:29,154
example, as astronauts and then

598
00:21:29,154 --> 00:21:30,255
also emphasizing all of the

599
00:21:30,255 --> 00:21:31,390
other skills that we use on the

600
00:21:31,390 --> 00:21:33,792
international space station.

601
00:21:33,792 --> 00:21:34,826
The other connection that's

602
00:21:34,826 --> 00:21:36,028
really important to me is that

603
00:21:36,028 --> 00:21:38,163
all of these environments

604
00:21:38,163 --> 00:21:39,698
involved natural phenomenon on

605
00:21:39,698 --> 00:21:40,499
our planet.

606
00:21:40,499 --> 00:21:41,800
It all goes back it my interest

607
00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:44,336
in biology, looking at this

608
00:21:44,336 --> 00:21:45,470
remarkable diversity in the

609
00:21:45,470 --> 00:21:47,706
animal kingdom with my previous

610
00:21:47,706 --> 00:21:49,007
research exploring all of these

611
00:21:49,007 --> 00:21:50,642
amazing landscapes and

612
00:21:50,642 --> 00:21:52,778
ecosystems on our planet, and

613
00:21:52,778 --> 00:21:55,414
then eventually when I have the

614
00:21:55,414 --> 00:21:56,715
most extraordinary of any view

615
00:21:56,715 --> 00:21:57,582
when I will be on the space

616
00:21:57,582 --> 00:21:58,684
station in a couple of months

617
00:21:58,684 --> 00:22:00,619
looking down and seeing this

618
00:22:00,619 --> 00:22:02,020
magnificent planet earth and

619
00:22:02,020 --> 00:22:03,655
seeing the beauty of our planet

620
00:22:03,655 --> 00:22:06,058
and really understanding how

621
00:22:06,058 --> 00:22:07,793
special it is and how fragile it

622
00:22:07,793 --> 00:22:09,628
is and how important it is to

623
00:22:09,628 --> 00:22:11,463
protect it, to take good care of

624
00:22:11,463 --> 00:22:13,065
our home planet, to protect our

625
00:22:13,065 --> 00:22:14,800
oceans to protect the land, to

626
00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:17,335
be really a good steward in our

627
00:22:17,335 --> 00:22:17,602
universe.

628
00:22:17,602 --> 00:22:25,377
♪ Music Playing ♪

629
00:22:25,377 --> 00:22:27,212
>> I am Jessica Meir, I am a

630
00:22:27,212 --> 00:22:28,947
scientist and a NASA astronaut.

631
00:22:28,947 --> 00:22:43,161
♪ Music Playing ♪

632
00:22:43,161 --> 00:22:44,396
>> There is a good chance that

633
00:22:44,396 --> 00:22:46,098
once Jessica Meir returns to

634
00:22:46,098 --> 00:22:48,934
earth next month she'll be able

635
00:22:48,934 --> 00:22:51,069
to confirm her preflight believe

636
00:22:51,069 --> 00:22:52,804
belief of what she might feel

637
00:22:52,804 --> 00:22:53,705
about the planet earth when

638
00:22:53,705 --> 00:22:55,741
looking down on it from orbit

639
00:22:55,741 --> 00:22:58,076
her astronaut class make Nick

640
00:22:58,076 --> 00:23:00,212
Hague who is only a few months

641
00:23:00,212 --> 00:23:01,546
ahead of Meir in get to go the

642
00:23:01,546 --> 00:23:03,148
space station is one of many who

643
00:23:03,148 --> 00:23:04,182
report a change in their

644
00:23:04,182 --> 00:23:05,684
perspective on a lot of things

645
00:23:05,684 --> 00:23:07,419
after getting a wide-angle look

646
00:23:07,419 --> 00:23:10,355
at the whole planet 250 miles

647
00:23:10,355 --> 00:23:10,655
up.

648
00:23:10,655 --> 00:23:29,508
♪ Music Playing ♪

649
00:23:29,508 --> 00:23:30,442
>> I think the first time I

650
00:23:30,442 --> 00:23:32,577
really got to soak in the view

651
00:23:32,577 --> 00:23:34,980
was in the cupola on the

652
00:23:34,980 --> 00:23:35,514
station.

653
00:23:35,514 --> 00:23:39,651
And to just sit there and think,

654
00:23:39,651 --> 00:23:42,287
the colors jump at you.

655
00:23:42,287 --> 00:23:45,423
The perspective jumps at you and

656
00:23:45,423 --> 00:23:47,859
challenges you in multiple ways.

657
00:23:47,859 --> 00:23:50,495
I think it evokes all of these

658
00:23:50,495 --> 00:23:52,197
different sensations.

659
00:23:52,197 --> 00:23:54,733
The largest emotion that I feel

660
00:23:54,733 --> 00:23:56,868
out of it is I have felt this

661
00:23:56,868 --> 00:23:57,502
connection.

662
00:23:57,502 --> 00:24:00,038
All of humanity is here on this

663
00:24:00,038 --> 00:24:01,673
globe, you realize just how

664
00:24:01,673 --> 00:24:03,975
special the place we are is.

665
00:24:03,975 --> 00:24:05,911
And you feel that connection,

666
00:24:05,911 --> 00:24:08,647
and when you see the impacts

667
00:24:08,647 --> 00:24:11,049
that we can have on the land, it

668
00:24:11,049 --> 00:24:13,285
gave me this overwhelming sense

669
00:24:13,285 --> 00:24:14,419
of stewardship.

670
00:24:14,419 --> 00:24:18,156
And just wanting to try to, you

671
00:24:18,156 --> 00:24:19,558
know, come back and take care of

672
00:24:19,558 --> 00:24:21,193
the planet a little bit better

673
00:24:21,193 --> 00:24:24,429
than I had before and help

674
00:24:24,429 --> 00:24:26,364
convey the message that we are

675
00:24:26,364 --> 00:24:28,466
on this place together.

676
00:24:28,466 --> 00:24:32,103
And you know, we explore space

677
00:24:32,103 --> 00:24:33,538
together but we also live here

678
00:24:33,538 --> 00:24:34,539
on earth together.

679
00:24:34,539 --> 00:24:36,374
And we need to work together to

680
00:24:36,374 --> 00:24:37,676
make sure that the earth stays

681
00:24:37,676 --> 00:24:38,977
as pristine as it can.

682
00:24:38,977 --> 00:24:46,484
Third by third EVA out there I

683
00:24:46,484 --> 00:24:47,886
can remember working on the

684
00:24:47,886 --> 00:24:48,887
front of the space station so I

685
00:24:48,887 --> 00:24:51,022
finished up that task and then

686
00:24:51,022 --> 00:24:52,457
to catch my breath I just kind

687
00:24:52,457 --> 00:24:55,193
of propped myself up on the

688
00:24:55,193 --> 00:24:56,094
front of the station looking

689
00:24:56,094 --> 00:24:59,464
forward and it was just the

690
00:24:59,464 --> 00:25:01,600
earth arc the out in front of us

691
00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:04,936
slowly gliding by and I felt

692
00:25:04,936 --> 00:25:06,471
like, you know, I was just

693
00:25:06,471 --> 00:25:08,673
riding the station through

694
00:25:08,673 --> 00:25:09,207
space.

695
00:25:09,207 --> 00:25:11,409
You know, it's stuff you think

696
00:25:11,409 --> 00:25:13,445
about and see in the movies but

697
00:25:13,445 --> 00:25:14,546
it's this overwhelming

698
00:25:14,546 --> 00:25:15,680
experience that I can't believe

699
00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:16,982
I am here doing this.

700
00:25:16,982 --> 00:25:21,553
And that's earth below.

701
00:25:21,553 --> 00:25:27,092
I can distinctly remember waking

702
00:25:27,092 --> 00:25:29,427
up one morning, couldn't sleep

703
00:25:29,427 --> 00:25:30,528
for whatever reason it was like

704
00:25:30,528 --> 00:25:32,163
4:00 in the morning, I was like

705
00:25:32,163 --> 00:25:33,265
hey, I am going down to the

706
00:25:33,265 --> 00:25:35,800
cupola and drink my coffee.

707
00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:38,136
Just stare at the stars and

708
00:25:38,136 --> 00:25:39,871
there is just so many.

709
00:25:39,871 --> 00:25:42,207
And the longer you stater more

710
00:25:42,207 --> 00:25:43,808
you start with just the big

711
00:25:43,808 --> 00:25:45,143
bright ones until your eyes

712
00:25:45,143 --> 00:25:46,344
start to adjust to the dark and

713
00:25:46,344 --> 00:25:48,380
then they open up a little bit

714
00:25:48,380 --> 00:25:50,315
more and when your eyes open up

715
00:25:50,315 --> 00:25:52,017
a little more you see all those

716
00:25:52,017 --> 00:25:53,251
smaller little stars once they

717
00:25:53,251 --> 00:25:54,352
open up enough then you can

718
00:25:54,352 --> 00:25:56,388
start to see all of the cloudy

719
00:25:56,388 --> 00:25:58,857
structure, you realize that the

720
00:25:58,857 --> 00:26:01,893
depth of what is out there I can

721
00:26:01,893 --> 00:26:04,129
only see the tip of the iceberg,

722
00:26:04,129 --> 00:26:06,765
so it's definitely puts new your

723
00:26:06,765 --> 00:26:10,201
place in terms of, you know, how

724
00:26:10,201 --> 00:26:11,937
big am I, how big are we

725
00:26:11,937 --> 00:26:13,338
collectively as humanity sitting

726
00:26:13,338 --> 00:26:13,838
here on earth.

727
00:26:13,838 --> 00:26:18,710
Being able to look at the earth

728
00:26:18,710 --> 00:26:21,046
from that vantage point, and

729
00:26:21,046 --> 00:26:23,682
simultaneously see myself as

730
00:26:23,682 --> 00:26:25,617
part of something so small in

731
00:26:25,617 --> 00:26:28,954
the great cosmos but also part

732
00:26:28,954 --> 00:26:30,355
of something so large as the

733
00:26:30,355 --> 00:26:33,191
earth is below made me realize

734
00:26:33,191 --> 00:26:35,527
at a deeper level that I may be

735
00:26:35,527 --> 00:26:37,662
one small individual that's part

736
00:26:37,662 --> 00:26:40,198
of humanity here on earth, but I

737
00:26:40,198 --> 00:26:43,034
can still have an impact and I

738
00:26:43,034 --> 00:26:45,170
can have a large impact and

739
00:26:45,170 --> 00:26:46,571
still be something very small.

740
00:26:46,571 --> 00:26:51,710
That balance of perspective has

741
00:26:51,710 --> 00:26:53,545
given me a sense of empowerment

742
00:26:53,545 --> 00:26:55,180
that I hope that everybody can

743
00:26:55,180 --> 00:26:56,181
share in this terms of you can

744
00:26:56,181 --> 00:26:58,750
make a difference.

745
00:26:58,750 --> 00:27:03,488
The earth is an amazing place,

746
00:27:03,488 --> 00:27:04,222
it's unique.

747
00:27:04,222 --> 00:27:06,524
When you look out to the depths

748
00:27:06,524 --> 00:27:08,860
of space, you realize just the

749
00:27:08,860 --> 00:27:11,596
vast ocean of darkness and we

750
00:27:11,596 --> 00:27:14,132
are on this little island, and

751
00:27:14,132 --> 00:27:15,033
we are on it together.

752
00:27:15,033 --> 00:27:18,470
And we need to figure out how to

753
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:23,241
work together for the benefit of

754
00:27:23,241 --> 00:27:37,889
everybody.

755
00:27:37,889 --> 00:27:38,623
>> If you would like to get

756
00:27:38,623 --> 00:27:39,624
another look at any of the

757
00:27:39,624 --> 00:27:41,559
stories we showed you today, and

758
00:27:41,559 --> 00:27:43,762
you probably do, check us out

759
00:27:43,762 --> 00:27:45,897
you on tube and Facebook at

760
00:27:45,897 --> 00:27:46,998
either of both of these

761
00:27:46,998 --> 00:27:48,033
addresses when you get there

762
00:27:48,033 --> 00:27:49,567
look around, you will find lots

763
00:27:49,567 --> 00:27:51,369
of other things, very

764
00:27:51,369 --> 00:27:52,871
interesting stuff about NASA and

765
00:27:52,871 --> 00:27:54,706
America's human space flight

766
00:27:54,706 --> 00:27:55,106
program.

767
00:27:55,106 --> 00:27:56,141
And if you are going to be out

768
00:27:56,141 --> 00:27:57,475
there on the internet anyway,

769
00:27:57,475 --> 00:27:59,511
check out Houston we have a

770
00:27:59,511 --> 00:28:00,111
Podcast.

771
00:28:00,111 --> 00:28:03,148
He have Friday we talk with

772
00:28:03,148 --> 00:28:06,084
people about their work in all

773
00:28:06,084 --> 00:28:07,519
aspects of space exploration in

774
00:28:07,519 --> 00:28:09,454
today's new episode Gary Jordan

775
00:28:09,454 --> 00:28:11,189
talks with Chris the

776
00:28:11,189 --> 00:28:12,290
commercialization service lead

777
00:28:12,290 --> 00:28:15,026
in NASA's technology transfer

778
00:28:15,026 --> 00:28:16,861
office, they discuss how stuff

779
00:28:16,861 --> 00:28:18,563
developed not space program is

780
00:28:18,563 --> 00:28:19,697
being made available out in the

781
00:28:19,697 --> 00:28:20,398
world at large.

782
00:28:20,398 --> 00:28:24,736
Go to NASA.gov/Podcasts for

783
00:28:24,736 --> 00:28:26,271
today's episode where you will

784
00:28:26,271 --> 00:28:28,206
also find you would after the

785
00:28:28,206 --> 00:28:29,841
previous episodes and you'll

786
00:28:29,841 --> 00:28:30,842
find all of the other NASA

787
00:28:30,842 --> 00:28:32,043
Podcasts there, all of which you

788
00:28:32,043 --> 00:28:34,079
can also listen to on apple

789
00:28:34,079 --> 00:28:35,814
Podcast, google Podcast and

790
00:28:35,814 --> 00:28:36,915
sound cloud.

791
00:28:36,915 --> 00:28:42,387
This is mission control Houston.

792
00:28:42,387 --> 00:28:52,397
♪ Music Playing ♪