>>> GOOD MORNING, WELCOME TO
MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON AND THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
CONTROL ROOM.
A LOT OF US WORK WITH THE
EXPEDITION.
COMMANDER ALEX AND JESSICA ARE
IN THE LAST FEW HOURS OF THE
WORKDAY AND LOOKING FOR A FEW
DAYS OFF THIS WEEKEND.
THEY ARE TAKING CARE OF THEIR
SPACESHIP AND WELCOMING THE
ARRIVAL OF A NEW SHIPMENT OF
SUPPLIES.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND.
THIS WEEK NEW SUPPLIES AND
EXPERIMENTS ARE ON THE STATION.
SUPPLIES MADE IT'S WAY WITH
7,500 POUNDS OF CARGO AFTER
LAUNCHING ON JANUARY 15th.
EXPEDITION 16 AS NITRATED THE
ROBOTIC ARM.
THE ROCKET BRINGS MANY DIFFERENT
ITEMS TO THE SPACELAB.
THEY OFFER A QUICK TURN AROUND
PLATFORM.
ANOTHER INVESTIGATION WILL
PROVIDE AN INITIAL DEMONSTRATION
OF A NEW MINIATURE SCANNING
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND THE
EXPERIMENTS THAT INVESTIGATES
BONE AND OSTIOLAST WHICH LOOKS
AT THE BONE LOSS.
THEY ARE LOOKING AT THE FIRST
FLIGHT TEST WITH ASTRONAUTS TO
THE SPACE STATION AS PART OF THE
COMMERCIAL PROGRAM.
THE CREW DRAGON WILL LAUNCH UPON
A FALCON 5 ROCKET FROM THE
HISTORIC LAUNCH COMPLEX AT
NASA'S KENNEDY SPACE CENTER.
IT'S UNDER GOING FINAL TESTING
AT THE NEARBY AIR FORCE STATION.
KEEP SENDING IN YOUR QUESTIONS
WITH THE HASHTAG ASK NASA.
SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
>> MORE STATION SCIENCE.
MICROBES LIVE EVERYWHERE.
SCIENTIST AT THE SPACE CENTER
CONSTANTLY MONITOR THE BACTERIA
AND FUNGI.
THEY ARE USING DNA SEQUENCING TO
IDENTIFY THE MICROBES IN ORBIT.
THAT'S AN IMPORTANT STEP TO KEEP
CREWS AND THE PLACES THEY VISIT
SAFE ON FUTURE DEEP SPACE
MISSIONS.
♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪
>> FOR FUTURE MISSIONS TO SEND
ASTRONAUTS BACK TO THE MOON
BIOMINING COULD OFFER A WAY TO
OBTAIN ORE MATERIALS.
MICROBES AND ROCKS INTERACT
DIFFERENTLY OUTSIDE OF EARTH'S
GRAVITY THAN INSIDE.
THAT MIGHT EFFECT THE OUTPUT.
THERE IS A NEW INVESTIGATION ON
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
STUDYING HOW MICROBES GROW ON
AND OUTSIDE OF SEMILATED ROCKS.
>> THE SPACE STATION WILL HOST
MICROBES.
THEY GROW ON THE SURFACE OF
ROCKS CAN BREAK THEM DOWN AND
EXTRACT USEFUL MINERALS AND
METALS.
THIS IS CALLED BIOMINING.
AS WE EXPLORE SPACE WE ARE
SEEKING TO USE BIOMINING TO TURN
SOIL INTO PLANTS AND FOOD.
BEFORE WE CAN USE THIS IN
PLANETARY SETTLEMENT WE NEED TO
TEST IT IN SPACE.
ON THE SPACE STATION BIO REACT
TORS WILL BE PLACE INSIDE WHERE
MICROBES WILL GROW ON ROCKS.
INVESTIGATORLESS WILL EXAMINE
HOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROBES
BEHAVE AND EVALUATE HOW WELL
THEY EXTRACT ELEMENTS FROM THE
ROCK.
THE FINDINGS WILL BE CONPAIRED.
WE HOPE TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO
HOW THEY INTERACT WITH ROCKS AND
MICROGRAVITY AND USE THEM IN THE
EXPLORATION OF DEEP SPACE.
>> THIS PAST NOVEMBER WE KICKED
OFF THE 20th YEAR OF
CONTINUOUS HUMAN PRESENCE ABROAD
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
SO FAR IT'S HOSTED 239 DIFFERENT
PERSONS AND MORE THAN 2,700
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS.
IN 2019 RESEARCH RANGED FROM
GROWING LEAFY GREENS AND TESTING
OUT AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS.
THE RESEARCH IS BENEFITTING
PEOPLE ON EARTH AND HELPING GO
FORWARD TO THE MOON AND THEN
ONTO MARS.
>> INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
GET A GOOD BIT OF THE TRAINING
ON THE SCIENCE PAYLOADS AT THE
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER IN HOUSTON.
TODAY IN THE NEXT EPISODE OF THE
EXPLORERS SERIES WE GO TO CLASS
WITH NASA ASTRONAUTS AS THEY
TRAIN FOR A TRIP TO THE STATION.
>> HI, I'M TERRY AND I WOULD
LIKE TO TALK ABOUT FLOATING IN
SPACE.
ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS YOU NEED
TO REALIZE WHEN YOU GET INTO
SPACE EVEN THOUGH YOU FEEL LIKE
YOU ARE FALLING YOU ARE NOT.
YOU CAN LET GO AND FLOAT, IT'S
NOT A PROBLEM.
YOU HAVE TO TRAIN YOUR BRAIN TO
THINK ABOUT IT.
YOU HAVE TO THINK ABOUT HOW
LITTLE FORCE IS REQUIRED TO MOVE
YOU.
IT MAKES IT EASY WHEN YOU ARE
MOVING.
YOU HAVE TO GET WORK DONE UP
HERE YOU JUST GO UP AND GET YOUR
WORK DONE.
>> OUR TEAM OF SCIENTIST IS
GETTING READY FOR LAUNCH.
NASA IS PREPARING SPACE
SCIENTIST TO OPERATE ABROAD THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
WE ARE THE HANDS AND EYES OF THE
RESEARCHER.
IT'S UP TO US TO MAKE SURE IT
RUNS CORRECTLY.
>> ASTRONAUTS TRAIN ALL OVER THE
WORLD INCLUDING THE SPACE CENTER
IN HOUSTON TEXAS.
THEY LEARN NOT HOW TO LIVE-IN
SPACE BUT CONDUCT SCIENCE IN
MICROGRAVITY.
>> SO MANY FOLKS ASK HOW MUCH
TRAINING DID YOU DO AND THE
ANSWER IS MANY YEARS.
WE TRAIN IN THE A LOT OF BIG
AREAS.
IT'S SYSTEMS ONBOARD THE ISS,
ROBOTIC, AND SCIENCE ITSELF.
WE DON'T LEARN ABOUT A LOT OF
THE SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS UNTIL WE
GET UP THERE.
THEY ARE TEACHING US SIGN
TIFF -- SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES.
>> THEY OPERATE SCIENTIFIC
HARDWARE ABROAD THE SPACE
CENTER.
WE STUDY COMBUSTION IN THE SPACE
CENTER SO WE KNOW HOW IT WORKS.
THIS IS ONE PIECE OF EQUIPMENT
THE ASTRONAUTS MUST MASTER.
>> HI, I'M TRACY AND WE ARE INL
TWO.
WE ARE DOWN HERE TO DO
COMBUSTION TRAINING.
WE HAVE BEEN TRAINING ALL OF THE
CREW MEMBERS TO DO PAYLOADS ON
THE SPACE STATION.
>> HONESTLY, I'VE DONE OVER 50.
>> TODAY TRACY AND SHARON ARE
BACK TO WORK WITH A FORMER
STUDENT MIKE.
THIS IS NOT MIKE'S FIRST RODEO
WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ON THE
STATION.
>> BACK IN 2008/2009 WE WERE ON
THE SPACE SHUTTLE WHEN THEY
DROPPED OFF A LOT OF PACKAGES
AND WE CAREFULLY PUT IT
ALTOGETHER.
WE HAD THIS BRAND-NEW READY
FRESH OUT-OF-THE BOCK COMBUSTION
RAKE.
WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GET
FANTASTIC SCIENCE ABOUT HOW
THINGS BURN IN SPACE WITHOUT
GRAVITY AND CONVECTION.
WE WERE ABLE TO MAKE MORE FUEL
EFFICIENT ENGINES AND HELP SAVE
OUR ENERGY.
>> YOU CAN SEE IT IN THE VIDEO,
ALL OF THE HOSES ARE WITHIN THE
RING.
THEY ALL FIT IN NICELY AND
SHOULDN'T INTERFERE WITH US.
>> SOUNDS GREAT AND LOOKS GREAT.
THANK YOU.
>> A LOT HAS CHANGED IN IS IT
TRUE YEARS SINCE YOU WERE UP
THERE.
HE GOT MOST OF THE INFORMATION.
IT WAS A NEW EXPERIMENTS.
HE HADN'T SEEN THAT EITHER.
HE DID GREAT.
HE'S A QUICK LEARN ERRAND GREAT
TO WORK WITH AND VERY MYTH ODD
DICK CALL.
>> I'LL BE LOOKING AND GO SLOWLY
AND THAT'S YOUR CHANCE TO SAY
NO.
>> YES, WE ARE WATCHING AND
HELPING WHEN WE CAN.
>> THIS IS NOT THE LAST TIME
THEY ARE WORK WITH MIKE.
WHEN HE LAUNCHES TO THE STATION
AND WORK ON COMBUSTION IN SPACE.
>> THEY WOULD LIKE YOU TO GO
AHEAD AND INSTALL THE CABLE TIE.
>> THANK YOU.
>> ANY TIME.
>> BEING ABLE TO OPERATE AND
MAINTAIN THE SPACE STATION WHILE
CONDUCTING IMPORTANT RESEARCH
COULD GET OVERWHELMING.
ASTRONAUTS HAVE STRONG TEAMS ON
THE GROUND.
>> I WAS SO IMPRESSED WITH WHAT
WE WOULD BE WORKING ON CANCER OR
PARKINSON'S.
THIS MEANT A LOT.
THESE ARE IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS.
THE ENTIRE CREW, NOT JUST MYSELF
AND PHYSICIAN WAS EXCITED ABOUT
WORKING ON THE EXPERIMENTS.
YOU UTILIZE A MICROSCOPE WHICH I
HADN'T USED IN YEARS.
YOU QUICKLY LEARN BECAUSE YOU
REALIZE HOW IMPORTANT IT IS.
THEY RUN YOU THROUGH THE
EXPERIMENTS AND IT'S FANTASTIC.
>> KEEP US POSTED BUT WE ARE
READY TO CONTINUE.
GOOD WORKING WITH YOU GUYS
TODAY, SEE YOU SOON.
>> WE GOT HERE ON A THURSDAY AND
IT'S CURRENTLY SUNDAY.
WE HAD A BIG DAY YESTERDAY
FILLING UP THE WELLS WILL GEL
SOLUTION AND GETTING READY FOR
HAND OVER.
I HAVE A LAUNCH ON TUESDAY
AFTERNOON.
>> AS PART OF THE EFFORT TO
RETURN ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON BY
2024 THEY ARE EXCITED TO USE THE
WATER NATIONAL CATHEDRAL EXISTS
ON THE MOON TO SUPPORT
EXPLORATION.
THE PRESENCE OF WATER IS A
RELATIVE RESENT DISCOVERY AND
OPENS UP EXCITING POSSIBILITY
WHILE SPARKING QUESTIONS ABOUT
WHERE THE WATER CAME FROM.
>> EXPLORING THE PRESENCE OF
WATER ON THE MOON.
I'M JIM GREEN, NASA'S CHIEF
SCIENTIST AND THIS IS SCIENCE AT
NASA.
WE ARE GOING TO THE MOON.
[ APPLAUSE ]
>> AS NASA REPAIRS TO RETURN TO
THE MOON ONE EXCITING
OPPORTUNITY SCIENTIST ARE
PREPARING FOR IS THE ABLE THE TO
USE THE WATER THAT EXISTS TO
SUPPORT HUMAN EXPLORATION.
THE PRESENCE OF WATER HAS BEEN A
RELATIVELY RESENT DISCOVERY.
JUST AS MANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE
WATERS ORIGINS.
IN THE LATE 1990s NASA'S LUNAR
PROSPECT MISSION FOUND HYDROGEN
AT THE POLES.
WHERE THERE IS HYDROGEN THERE
MIGHT BE WATER.
THEY ARE DETERMINE THE TYPE OF
HYDROGEN THAT MIGHT BE BELOW THE
MOONS POLAR REGIONS.
TONY IS A PLANETARY SCIENTIST AT
NASA'S RESEARCH CENTER AND THE
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR FOR THE
MISSION.
TO DETERMINE THE FORM OF
HYDROGEN AT THE POLLS WE NEEDED
A WAY TO ACCESS MATERIALS BELOW
THE MOON'S SURFACE.
WE CARRIED A PIECE OF THE AT
LIST WE LAUNCHED ON AND DIRECTED
IT INTO ONE OF THE PERMANENTLY
SHADOWED CRATERS WE HAD A PROBE.
THE LUNAR ORBITER SPACECRAFT WAS
ALSO MAKING OBSERVATION AT THE
SPACECRAFT FROM IT'S ORBIT
AROUND THE MOON.
THE DIRT AND BLOOM HADN'T SEEN
IT SUN IN 2 BILLION YEARS.
IN THE SUNLIGHT WE FOUND WATER
ABOUT 5% BY WEIGHT.
>> NOW WE KNOW THERE IS WATER ON
THE MOON.
>> RESEARCH SCIENTIST JIM IS
ALSO AT AIMS.
SHE WILL EXPLAIN WHY THE
DISCOVERY IS MUCH MORE THAN A
SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY.
>> ULTIMATELY, I BELIEVE WE'LL
LIVE ON THE MOON FOR EXTENDED
PERIODS OF TIME.
WATER IS H2 O.
A COMBINATION OF HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN.
WE HAVE A SOURCE OF HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN THAT MIGHT BE USED FOR
ROCKET FUEL AND A SOURCE FOR
OXYGEN FOR BREATHING.
WATER GIVES YOU A PARADIGM FOR
FUTURE SPACE EXPLORATION.
IN THE TEN YEARS WE HAVE
CONTINUED TO STUDY WATER ON THE
MOON WITH INSTRUMENTS.
WE HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS WHERE
DID THE WATER COME FROM? SOME
BELIEVE THE WATER IN OTHER
VOLATILES COULD BE REMANENTS OF
COMMENTS AND ASTEROID IMPACTS.
OTHER POINTS TO RESENT METEOR
SHOWERS THAT COULD BE SEEN
PRODUCING WATER VAPOR.
WHERE EXACTLY IS THE WATER? WE
HAVE CONFIRMED IT EXISTS IN THE
MOON'S SOUTH POLE WHERE THE L
CROSS IMPACT OCCURRED.
HOW PLENTIFUL IS IT? CAN WE
FIND IT IN SUPER COLD REGIONS?
>> WE WON'T BE ABLE TO KNOW ANY
OF THIS UNTIL WE VISIT THE SOUTH
POLE WITH ASTRONAUTS.
>> WITH THE NEW PROGRAM THEY
PLAN TO DO JUST THAT.
VISIT OUR WEBSITE FOR MORE
INFORMATION.
>>> THE SPACE STATION PROVIDES A
WORKING LABORATORY FOR
ASTRONAUTS.
SOLAR ENERGY IS THE KEY ELEMENT
TO KEEP IT RUNNING.
THEY POWER THE MACHINES THEY
NEED RICKY EXPLAINED THE PROCESS
OF GENERATING THE POWER OF SOLAR
ARRAYS AS THEY ORBIT 250 MILES
ABOVE THE EARTH'S SURFACE.
>> HI, WELCOME ABROAD THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
I'M RICKY ARNOLD AND I'M AT ONE
OF THE MANY RESEARCH FACILITIES.
YOU CAN SEE LAPTOPS AND OTHER
TYPES OF EQUIPMENT.
YOU CAN SEE ULTRASOUND IMAGING,
MORE LAPTOPS AND OTHER
EQUIPMENT.
WE HAD SO MUCH EQUIPMENT FOR
SCIENCE AND LIFE SUPPORT WE HAD
EIGHT MILES OF WIRING TO MAKE IT
WORK.
WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM?
LET'S HAVE A LOOK.
FROM HERE AND THROUGH OTHER
WINDOWS YOU CAN SEE THE SOLAR
ARRAYS SOAKING IN THE SUNLIGHT,
THEY ARE MASSIVE.
THEY ARE MADE OF SOLAR CELLS.
TOGETHER THEY CONTAIN A TOTAL OF
262 TOTAL SOLAR CELLS AND COVER
AN AREA OF 2,700 SQUIRE FEET.
HALF THE AREA OF A FOOTBALL
FIELD.
WHEN THE STATION IS IN SUNLIGHT
THEY PRODUCE 60% MORE POWER THAN
WE NEED.
THAT EXTRA POWER GOES TO
CHARGING OUR BATTERIES.
THEY ARE ESSENTIAL BECAUSE THEY
PROVIDE THE POWER WE NEED DURING
THE 16 NIGHTTIMES WE HAVE ON THE
SPACE STATION.
THEY CAN PRODUCE ENOUGH POWER TO
POWER UP TO 40 HOMES.
WE CAN MAXIMIZE THEM BY ROTATING
THE ARRAYS.
ONE IS LIKE A WINDMILL TO TRACK
THE SUN.
THE SPACE STATIONS ELECTRICAL
POWER SYSTEM USES DIRECT CURRENT
TO PROVIDE ENERGY TO LAPTOPS AND
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS.
THANK YOU FOR COMING ABROAD, NOW
BACK TO EARTH.
>> MANY NASA ASTRONAUTS THAT
SPENT TIME OFF THE PLANET HAS A
NEW APPRECIATE FOR THE PLANET
THEY LEFT BEHIND.
IT'S ALSO TRUE FOR THOSE WHO ON
THE WENT TO SPACE FOR A WEEK OR
TWO.
THEY EXPERIENCED A SHIFT IN THE
WORLD VIEW AFTER SEEING IT FROM
THAT DISTANCE.
>>> WHEN YOU FIRST GET TO ORBIT
IT'S REALLY FUNNY, IT'S NOT
FUNNY BUT IT'S FUN TO WATCH
EVERYONE.
EVERYONE TAKES THE WRITING
UTENSIL HE OR SHE HAS AND WATCH
IT FLOAT.
I WANT TO SEE IT FLOAT.
AS QUICKLY AS YOU CAN,
PARTICULARLY THE FIRST TIME
FLIER IT'S TO THE WINDOW.
>> THE FIRST THING IS HOW
BEAUTIFUL IT IS.
IT'S DARN EXCITING.
YOU IMMEDIATELY TRY TO IDENTIFY
PLACES.
YOU LOOK AND YOU SEE THINGS LIKE
A MASSIVE THUNDERSTORM AN NIMBUS
CLOUD COMING UP.
IT'S THE TANGIBLE NATURE OF WHAT
YOU ARE SEEING THAT TAKES YOUR
BREATHE AWAY.
I WORRIED MY FAMILY WHEN I SENT
NOTES BECAUSE I STARTED TALKING
ABOUT THE BLACK VELVET OF DEEP
SPACE.
YOU LOOK IN DEEP SPACE YOU LOOK
AT THE CLOUDS OR WHAT AM I
LOOKING AT.
EVERYTHING IS VIVID, THAT'S
ANOTHER PART OF THE VISUAL
ASPECT WHERE YOU ARE LOOKING OUT
OR DOWN.
IT'S PART OF THE SAME THING OF
TAKING A PICTURE OF SOMEONE AND
NOTHING CAPTURES VIVID COLORS
AND TEXTURES AND SODALITY LIKE
THE HUMAN EYE DOES.
WHEN IN SPACE IT'S THE SAME
THING.
THAT'S WHY IN PART IT'S A
POWERFUL PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.
WE LOVE THE PICTURES THAT WE
BRING BACK IT'S NOT THE SAME AS
SEEING IT YOURSELF.
THERE IS A CERTAIN SERENITY THAT
COMES.
IT'S THE TREMENDOUS GOAL YOU
HAD.
THAT'S SOMETHING I FELT WHEN I
FIRST GOT ON ORBIT.
HEAVEN FORBID I COULD PARISH NOW
OR NEVER FLY AGAIN.
NOTHING CAN TAKE THIS EXPERIENCE
AWAY.
I NOW OWN THIS EXPERIENCE.
IT'S MINE FOREVER.
>> IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO TAKE
ANOTHER LOOK AT ANY OF THE
STORIES FEATURED HERE TODAY YOU
CAN BY GOING TO YOUTUBE OR
FACEBOOK AT EITHER ADDRESS ON
THE SCREEN FOR YOU.
BE SURE TO LOOK AROUND.
THERE IS A LOT OF STUFF ABOUT
NASA AND THE HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT
PROGRAM.
ALSO CHECK OUT HOUSTON, WE HAVE
A PODCAST.
WE TALK ABOUT FOLKS ABOUT THEIR
WORK IN ALL ASPECTS OF SPACE
EXPLORATION.
WE POST EVERY FRIDAY.
JORDAN GOES BACK IN HISTORY TO
EXPLORE ORIGINS FOR PLANS FOR A
SPACE STATION AROUND EARTH.
THIS IS IN A TALK WITH EDUCATION
MISSION MANAGER GARY.
THAT'S DOUBLE THE DAILY DOSE OF
GARY, NO EXTRA COST.
HEAD TO OUR PODCASTS.
YOU WILL ALSO FIND ALL OF THE
PREVIOUS EPISODES AND FULL
LIBRARY OF ALL OF THE NASA
PODCASTS.
YOU CAN LISTEN TO ON APPLE
PODCAST, GOOGLE PODCAST, AND
SOUND CLOUD.
THIS IS MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON.