1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,235 >>> GOOD MORNING, WELCOME TO 2 00:00:02,235 --> 00:00:04,571 MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON AND THE 3 00:00:04,571 --> 00:00:09,442 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 4 00:00:09,442 --> 00:00:11,111 CONTROL ROOM. 5 00:00:11,111 --> 00:00:13,246 A LOT OF US WORK WITH THE 6 00:00:13,246 --> 00:00:20,787 EXPEDITION. 7 00:00:20,787 --> 00:00:23,523 COMMANDER ALEX AND JESSICA ARE 8 00:00:23,523 --> 00:00:25,191 IN THE LAST FEW HOURS OF THE 9 00:00:25,191 --> 00:00:27,227 WORKDAY AND LOOKING FOR A FEW 10 00:00:27,227 --> 00:00:31,197 DAYS OFF THIS WEEKEND. 11 00:00:31,197 --> 00:00:32,732 THEY ARE TAKING CARE OF THEIR 12 00:00:32,732 --> 00:00:35,268 SPACESHIP AND WELCOMING THE 13 00:00:35,268 --> 00:00:38,338 ARRIVAL OF A NEW SHIPMENT OF 14 00:00:38,338 --> 00:00:43,042 SUPPLIES. 15 00:00:43,042 --> 00:00:45,478 >> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND. 16 00:00:45,478 --> 00:00:47,147 THIS WEEK NEW SUPPLIES AND 17 00:00:47,147 --> 00:00:53,153 EXPERIMENTS ARE ON THE STATION. 18 00:00:53,153 --> 00:00:55,688 SUPPLIES MADE IT'S WAY WITH 19 00:00:55,688 --> 00:00:59,192 7,500 POUNDS OF CARGO AFTER 20 00:00:59,192 --> 00:01:02,996 LAUNCHING ON JANUARY 15th. 21 00:01:02,996 --> 00:01:08,067 EXPEDITION 16 AS NITRATED THE 22 00:01:08,067 --> 00:01:11,538 ROBOTIC ARM. 23 00:01:11,538 --> 00:01:17,477 THE ROCKET BRINGS MANY DIFFERENT 24 00:01:17,477 --> 00:01:20,246 ITEMS TO THE SPACELAB. 25 00:01:20,246 --> 00:01:21,981 THEY OFFER A QUICK TURN AROUND 26 00:01:21,981 --> 00:01:25,118 PLATFORM. 27 00:01:25,118 --> 00:01:25,652 ANOTHER INVESTIGATION WILL 28 00:01:25,652 --> 00:01:27,253 PROVIDE AN INITIAL DEMONSTRATION 29 00:01:27,253 --> 00:01:29,222 OF A NEW MINIATURE SCANNING 30 00:01:29,222 --> 00:01:32,926 ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND THE 31 00:01:32,926 --> 00:01:36,596 EXPERIMENTS THAT INVESTIGATES 32 00:01:36,596 --> 00:01:45,472 BONE AND OSTIOLAST WHICH LOOKS 33 00:01:45,472 --> 00:01:51,411 AT THE BONE LOSS. 34 00:01:51,411 --> 00:01:53,046 THEY ARE LOOKING AT THE FIRST 35 00:01:53,046 --> 00:01:55,482 FLIGHT TEST WITH ASTRONAUTS TO 36 00:01:55,482 --> 00:01:57,350 THE SPACE STATION AS PART OF THE 37 00:01:57,350 --> 00:01:58,685 COMMERCIAL PROGRAM. 38 00:01:58,685 --> 00:02:01,187 THE CREW DRAGON WILL LAUNCH UPON 39 00:02:01,187 --> 00:02:05,658 A FALCON 5 ROCKET FROM THE 40 00:02:05,658 --> 00:02:07,794 HISTORIC LAUNCH COMPLEX AT 41 00:02:07,794 --> 00:02:10,997 NASA'S KENNEDY SPACE CENTER. 42 00:02:10,997 --> 00:02:13,132 IT'S UNDER GOING FINAL TESTING 43 00:02:13,132 --> 00:02:17,604 AT THE NEARBY AIR FORCE STATION. 44 00:02:17,604 --> 00:02:20,673 KEEP SENDING IN YOUR QUESTIONS 45 00:02:20,673 --> 00:02:24,444 WITH THE HASHTAG ASK NASA. 46 00:02:24,444 --> 00:02:38,124 SEE YOU NEXT WEEK. 47 00:02:38,124 --> 00:02:40,260 >> MORE STATION SCIENCE. 48 00:02:40,260 --> 00:02:42,595 MICROBES LIVE EVERYWHERE. 49 00:02:42,595 --> 00:02:44,197 SCIENTIST AT THE SPACE CENTER 50 00:02:44,197 --> 00:02:47,267 CONSTANTLY MONITOR THE BACTERIA 51 00:02:47,267 --> 00:02:50,336 AND FUNGI. 52 00:02:50,336 --> 00:02:52,772 THEY ARE USING DNA SEQUENCING TO 53 00:02:52,772 --> 00:02:56,209 IDENTIFY THE MICROBES IN ORBIT. 54 00:02:56,209 --> 00:02:58,444 THAT'S AN IMPORTANT STEP TO KEEP 55 00:02:58,444 --> 00:03:00,680 CREWS AND THE PLACES THEY VISIT 56 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:03,316 SAFE ON FUTURE DEEP SPACE 57 00:03:03,316 --> 00:03:24,337 MISSIONS. 58 00:03:24,337 --> 00:05:06,973 ♪ [ MUSIC ] ♪ 59 00:05:06,973 --> 00:05:09,308 >> FOR FUTURE MISSIONS TO SEND 60 00:05:09,308 --> 00:05:12,245 ASTRONAUTS BACK TO THE MOON 61 00:05:12,245 --> 00:05:16,883 BIOMINING COULD OFFER A WAY TO 62 00:05:16,883 --> 00:05:19,552 OBTAIN ORE MATERIALS. 63 00:05:19,552 --> 00:05:20,753 MICROBES AND ROCKS INTERACT 64 00:05:20,753 --> 00:05:23,389 DIFFERENTLY OUTSIDE OF EARTH'S 65 00:05:23,389 --> 00:05:25,425 GRAVITY THAN INSIDE. 66 00:05:25,425 --> 00:05:28,961 THAT MIGHT EFFECT THE OUTPUT. 67 00:05:28,961 --> 00:05:30,396 THERE IS A NEW INVESTIGATION ON 68 00:05:30,396 --> 00:05:32,899 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 69 00:05:32,899 --> 00:05:38,705 STUDYING HOW MICROBES GROW ON 70 00:05:38,705 --> 00:05:47,346 AND OUTSIDE OF SEMILATED ROCKS. 71 00:05:47,346 --> 00:05:49,449 >> THE SPACE STATION WILL HOST 72 00:05:49,449 --> 00:05:51,084 MICROBES. 73 00:05:51,084 --> 00:05:53,519 THEY GROW ON THE SURFACE OF 74 00:05:53,519 --> 00:05:55,154 ROCKS CAN BREAK THEM DOWN AND 75 00:05:55,154 --> 00:05:57,557 EXTRACT USEFUL MINERALS AND 76 00:05:57,557 --> 00:05:58,691 METALS. 77 00:05:58,691 --> 00:06:02,562 THIS IS CALLED BIOMINING. 78 00:06:02,562 --> 00:06:04,464 AS WE EXPLORE SPACE WE ARE 79 00:06:04,464 --> 00:06:09,535 SEEKING TO USE BIOMINING TO TURN 80 00:06:09,535 --> 00:06:11,971 SOIL INTO PLANTS AND FOOD. 81 00:06:11,971 --> 00:06:13,272 BEFORE WE CAN USE THIS IN 82 00:06:13,272 --> 00:06:15,708 PLANETARY SETTLEMENT WE NEED TO 83 00:06:15,708 --> 00:06:21,781 TEST IT IN SPACE. 84 00:06:21,781 --> 00:06:24,217 ON THE SPACE STATION BIO REACT 85 00:06:24,217 --> 00:06:27,386 TORS WILL BE PLACE INSIDE WHERE 86 00:06:27,386 --> 00:06:35,561 MICROBES WILL GROW ON ROCKS. 87 00:06:35,561 --> 00:06:37,797 INVESTIGATORLESS WILL EXAMINE 88 00:06:37,797 --> 00:06:40,933 HOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROBES 89 00:06:40,933 --> 00:06:43,369 BEHAVE AND EVALUATE HOW WELL 90 00:06:43,369 --> 00:06:46,405 THEY EXTRACT ELEMENTS FROM THE 91 00:06:46,405 --> 00:06:49,575 ROCK. 92 00:06:49,575 --> 00:06:57,150 THE FINDINGS WILL BE CONPAIRED. 93 00:06:57,150 --> 00:06:59,585 WE HOPE TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO 94 00:06:59,585 --> 00:07:02,655 HOW THEY INTERACT WITH ROCKS AND 95 00:07:02,655 --> 00:07:04,757 MICROGRAVITY AND USE THEM IN THE 96 00:07:04,757 --> 00:07:15,501 EXPLORATION OF DEEP SPACE. 97 00:07:15,501 --> 00:07:17,236 >> THIS PAST NOVEMBER WE KICKED 98 00:07:17,236 --> 00:07:19,372 OFF THE 20th YEAR OF 99 00:07:19,372 --> 00:07:21,374 CONTINUOUS HUMAN PRESENCE ABROAD 100 00:07:21,374 --> 00:07:23,509 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 101 00:07:23,509 --> 00:07:26,779 SO FAR IT'S HOSTED 239 DIFFERENT 102 00:07:26,779 --> 00:07:29,615 PERSONS AND MORE THAN 2,700 103 00:07:29,615 --> 00:07:31,551 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS. 104 00:07:31,551 --> 00:07:35,488 IN 2019 RESEARCH RANGED FROM 105 00:07:35,488 --> 00:07:37,924 GROWING LEAFY GREENS AND TESTING 106 00:07:37,924 --> 00:07:40,960 OUT AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS. 107 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:42,595 THE RESEARCH IS BENEFITTING 108 00:07:42,595 --> 00:07:45,131 PEOPLE ON EARTH AND HELPING GO 109 00:07:45,131 --> 00:07:46,866 FORWARD TO THE MOON AND THEN 110 00:07:46,866 --> 00:10:06,005 ONTO MARS. 111 00:10:06,005 --> 00:10:07,907 >> INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 112 00:10:07,907 --> 00:10:10,042 GET A GOOD BIT OF THE TRAINING 113 00:10:10,042 --> 00:10:11,978 ON THE SCIENCE PAYLOADS AT THE 114 00:10:11,978 --> 00:10:14,613 JOHNSON SPACE CENTER IN HOUSTON. 115 00:10:14,613 --> 00:10:16,248 TODAY IN THE NEXT EPISODE OF THE 116 00:10:16,248 --> 00:10:18,584 EXPLORERS SERIES WE GO TO CLASS 117 00:10:18,584 --> 00:10:21,020 WITH NASA ASTRONAUTS AS THEY 118 00:10:21,020 --> 00:10:22,922 TRAIN FOR A TRIP TO THE STATION. 119 00:10:22,922 --> 00:10:25,157 >> HI, I'M TERRY AND I WOULD 120 00:10:25,157 --> 00:10:26,993 LIKE TO TALK ABOUT FLOATING IN 121 00:10:26,993 --> 00:10:27,593 SPACE. 122 00:10:27,593 --> 00:10:29,328 ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS YOU NEED 123 00:10:29,328 --> 00:10:31,664 TO REALIZE WHEN YOU GET INTO 124 00:10:31,664 --> 00:10:33,599 SPACE EVEN THOUGH YOU FEEL LIKE 125 00:10:33,599 --> 00:10:35,634 YOU ARE FALLING YOU ARE NOT. 126 00:10:35,634 --> 00:10:37,937 YOU CAN LET GO AND FLOAT, IT'S 127 00:10:37,937 --> 00:10:39,071 NOT A PROBLEM. 128 00:10:39,071 --> 00:10:42,441 YOU HAVE TO TRAIN YOUR BRAIN TO 129 00:10:42,441 --> 00:10:45,745 THINK ABOUT IT. 130 00:10:45,745 --> 00:10:47,079 YOU HAVE TO THINK ABOUT HOW 131 00:10:47,079 --> 00:10:51,384 LITTLE FORCE IS REQUIRED TO MOVE 132 00:10:51,384 --> 00:10:52,284 YOU. 133 00:10:52,284 --> 00:10:54,020 IT MAKES IT EASY WHEN YOU ARE 134 00:10:54,020 --> 00:10:54,920 MOVING. 135 00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:56,756 YOU HAVE TO GET WORK DONE UP 136 00:10:56,756 --> 00:10:58,991 HERE YOU JUST GO UP AND GET YOUR 137 00:10:58,991 --> 00:11:05,064 WORK DONE. 138 00:11:05,064 --> 00:11:06,866 >> OUR TEAM OF SCIENTIST IS 139 00:11:06,866 --> 00:11:09,201 GETTING READY FOR LAUNCH. 140 00:11:09,201 --> 00:11:11,337 NASA IS PREPARING SPACE 141 00:11:11,337 --> 00:11:13,672 SCIENTIST TO OPERATE ABROAD THE 142 00:11:13,672 --> 00:11:17,209 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 143 00:11:17,209 --> 00:11:19,645 WE ARE THE HANDS AND EYES OF THE 144 00:11:19,645 --> 00:11:21,080 RESEARCHER. 145 00:11:21,080 --> 00:11:23,115 IT'S UP TO US TO MAKE SURE IT 146 00:11:23,115 --> 00:11:24,817 RUNS CORRECTLY. 147 00:11:24,817 --> 00:11:26,752 >> ASTRONAUTS TRAIN ALL OVER THE 148 00:11:26,752 --> 00:11:28,888 WORLD INCLUDING THE SPACE CENTER 149 00:11:28,888 --> 00:11:30,723 IN HOUSTON TEXAS. 150 00:11:30,723 --> 00:11:32,958 THEY LEARN NOT HOW TO LIVE-IN 151 00:11:32,958 --> 00:11:34,860 SPACE BUT CONDUCT SCIENCE IN 152 00:11:34,860 --> 00:11:36,495 MICROGRAVITY. 153 00:11:36,495 --> 00:11:38,330 >> SO MANY FOLKS ASK HOW MUCH 154 00:11:38,330 --> 00:11:40,066 TRAINING DID YOU DO AND THE 155 00:11:40,066 --> 00:11:41,867 ANSWER IS MANY YEARS. 156 00:11:41,867 --> 00:11:43,702 WE TRAIN IN THE A LOT OF BIG 157 00:11:43,702 --> 00:11:44,837 AREAS. 158 00:11:44,837 --> 00:11:47,406 IT'S SYSTEMS ONBOARD THE ISS, 159 00:11:47,406 --> 00:11:50,443 ROBOTIC, AND SCIENCE ITSELF. 160 00:11:50,443 --> 00:11:52,078 WE DON'T LEARN ABOUT A LOT OF 161 00:11:52,078 --> 00:11:54,313 THE SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS UNTIL WE 162 00:11:54,313 --> 00:11:55,414 GET UP THERE. 163 00:11:55,414 --> 00:11:57,450 THEY ARE TEACHING US SIGN 164 00:11:57,450 --> 00:12:04,123 TIFF -- SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES. 165 00:12:04,123 --> 00:12:05,891 >> THEY OPERATE SCIENTIFIC 166 00:12:05,891 --> 00:12:08,394 HARDWARE ABROAD THE SPACE 167 00:12:08,394 --> 00:12:10,029 CENTER. 168 00:12:10,029 --> 00:12:22,174 WE STUDY COMBUSTION IN THE SPACE 169 00:12:22,174 --> 00:12:24,810 CENTER SO WE KNOW HOW IT WORKS. 170 00:12:24,810 --> 00:12:26,445 THIS IS ONE PIECE OF EQUIPMENT 171 00:12:26,445 --> 00:12:29,715 THE ASTRONAUTS MUST MASTER. 172 00:12:29,715 --> 00:12:34,887 >> HI, I'M TRACY AND WE ARE INL 173 00:12:34,887 --> 00:12:35,488 TWO. 174 00:12:35,488 --> 00:12:48,868 WE ARE DOWN HERE TO DO 175 00:12:48,868 --> 00:12:50,402 COMBUSTION TRAINING. 176 00:12:50,402 --> 00:12:52,037 WE HAVE BEEN TRAINING ALL OF THE 177 00:12:52,037 --> 00:12:55,975 CREW MEMBERS TO DO PAYLOADS ON 178 00:12:55,975 --> 00:13:00,346 THE SPACE STATION. 179 00:13:00,346 --> 00:13:04,583 >> HONESTLY, I'VE DONE OVER 50. 180 00:13:04,583 --> 00:13:07,219 >> TODAY TRACY AND SHARON ARE 181 00:13:07,219 --> 00:13:08,954 BACK TO WORK WITH A FORMER 182 00:13:08,954 --> 00:13:11,390 STUDENT MIKE. 183 00:13:11,390 --> 00:13:13,392 THIS IS NOT MIKE'S FIRST RODEO 184 00:13:13,392 --> 00:13:16,762 WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ON THE 185 00:13:16,762 --> 00:13:17,997 STATION. 186 00:13:17,997 --> 00:13:21,634 >> BACK IN 2008/2009 WE WERE ON 187 00:13:21,634 --> 00:13:25,471 THE SPACE SHUTTLE WHEN THEY 188 00:13:25,471 --> 00:13:27,606 DROPPED OFF A LOT OF PACKAGES 189 00:13:27,606 --> 00:13:29,441 AND WE CAREFULLY PUT IT 190 00:13:29,441 --> 00:13:30,476 ALTOGETHER. 191 00:13:30,476 --> 00:13:32,178 WE HAD THIS BRAND-NEW READY 192 00:13:32,178 --> 00:13:39,185 FRESH OUT-OF-THE BOCK COMBUSTION 193 00:13:39,185 --> 00:13:39,785 RAKE. 194 00:13:39,785 --> 00:13:41,220 WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GET 195 00:13:41,220 --> 00:13:42,521 FANTASTIC SCIENCE ABOUT HOW 196 00:13:42,521 --> 00:13:44,557 THINGS BURN IN SPACE WITHOUT 197 00:13:44,557 --> 00:13:48,027 GRAVITY AND CONVECTION. 198 00:13:48,027 --> 00:13:50,262 WE WERE ABLE TO MAKE MORE FUEL 199 00:13:50,262 --> 00:13:52,898 EFFICIENT ENGINES AND HELP SAVE 200 00:13:52,898 --> 00:13:54,300 OUR ENERGY. 201 00:13:54,300 --> 00:13:56,969 >> YOU CAN SEE IT IN THE VIDEO, 202 00:13:56,969 --> 00:13:58,871 ALL OF THE HOSES ARE WITHIN THE 203 00:13:58,871 --> 00:13:59,605 RING. 204 00:13:59,605 --> 00:14:01,407 THEY ALL FIT IN NICELY AND 205 00:14:01,407 --> 00:14:03,642 SHOULDN'T INTERFERE WITH US. 206 00:14:03,642 --> 00:14:06,178 >> SOUNDS GREAT AND LOOKS GREAT. 207 00:14:06,178 --> 00:14:07,880 THANK YOU. 208 00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:09,515 >> A LOT HAS CHANGED IN IS IT 209 00:14:09,515 --> 00:14:11,550 TRUE YEARS SINCE YOU WERE UP 210 00:14:11,550 --> 00:14:12,251 THERE. 211 00:14:12,251 --> 00:14:15,387 HE GOT MOST OF THE INFORMATION. 212 00:14:15,387 --> 00:14:17,423 IT WAS A NEW EXPERIMENTS. 213 00:14:17,423 --> 00:14:21,060 HE HADN'T SEEN THAT EITHER. 214 00:14:21,060 --> 00:14:22,494 HE DID GREAT. 215 00:14:22,494 --> 00:14:24,296 HE'S A QUICK LEARN ERRAND GREAT 216 00:14:24,296 --> 00:14:32,805 TO WORK WITH AND VERY MYTH ODD 217 00:14:32,805 --> 00:14:35,140 DICK CALL. 218 00:14:35,140 --> 00:14:37,910 >> I'LL BE LOOKING AND GO SLOWLY 219 00:14:37,910 --> 00:14:42,848 AND THAT'S YOUR CHANCE TO SAY 220 00:14:42,848 --> 00:14:43,582 NO. 221 00:14:43,582 --> 00:14:45,217 >> YES, WE ARE WATCHING AND 222 00:14:45,217 --> 00:14:46,819 HELPING WHEN WE CAN. 223 00:14:46,819 --> 00:14:48,187 >> THIS IS NOT THE LAST TIME 224 00:14:48,187 --> 00:14:50,222 THEY ARE WORK WITH MIKE. 225 00:14:50,222 --> 00:14:52,358 WHEN HE LAUNCHES TO THE STATION 226 00:14:52,358 --> 00:15:02,668 AND WORK ON COMBUSTION IN SPACE. 227 00:15:02,668 --> 00:15:04,169 >> THEY WOULD LIKE YOU TO GO 228 00:15:04,169 --> 00:15:06,639 AHEAD AND INSTALL THE CABLE TIE. 229 00:15:06,639 --> 00:15:09,375 >> THANK YOU. 230 00:15:09,375 --> 00:15:15,314 >> ANY TIME. 231 00:15:15,314 --> 00:15:17,149 >> BEING ABLE TO OPERATE AND 232 00:15:17,149 --> 00:15:18,884 MAINTAIN THE SPACE STATION WHILE 233 00:15:18,884 --> 00:15:20,986 CONDUCTING IMPORTANT RESEARCH 234 00:15:20,986 --> 00:15:23,622 COULD GET OVERWHELMING. 235 00:15:23,622 --> 00:15:26,792 ASTRONAUTS HAVE STRONG TEAMS ON 236 00:15:26,792 --> 00:15:27,693 THE GROUND. 237 00:15:27,693 --> 00:15:30,229 >> I WAS SO IMPRESSED WITH WHAT 238 00:15:30,229 --> 00:15:32,464 WE WOULD BE WORKING ON CANCER OR 239 00:15:32,464 --> 00:15:36,702 PARKINSON'S. 240 00:15:36,702 --> 00:15:37,936 THIS MEANT A LOT. 241 00:15:37,936 --> 00:15:40,873 THESE ARE IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS. 242 00:15:40,873 --> 00:15:43,709 THE ENTIRE CREW, NOT JUST MYSELF 243 00:15:43,709 --> 00:15:46,145 AND PHYSICIAN WAS EXCITED ABOUT 244 00:15:46,145 --> 00:15:50,449 WORKING ON THE EXPERIMENTS. 245 00:15:50,449 --> 00:15:52,785 YOU UTILIZE A MICROSCOPE WHICH I 246 00:15:52,785 --> 00:15:55,020 HADN'T USED IN YEARS. 247 00:15:55,020 --> 00:15:56,522 YOU QUICKLY LEARN BECAUSE YOU 248 00:15:56,522 --> 00:16:00,693 REALIZE HOW IMPORTANT IT IS. 249 00:16:00,693 --> 00:16:02,227 THEY RUN YOU THROUGH THE 250 00:16:02,227 --> 00:16:04,763 EXPERIMENTS AND IT'S FANTASTIC. 251 00:16:04,763 --> 00:16:07,166 >> KEEP US POSTED BUT WE ARE 252 00:16:07,166 --> 00:16:09,201 READY TO CONTINUE. 253 00:16:09,201 --> 00:16:11,637 GOOD WORKING WITH YOU GUYS 254 00:16:11,637 --> 00:16:13,972 TODAY, SEE YOU SOON. 255 00:16:13,972 --> 00:16:16,508 >> WE GOT HERE ON A THURSDAY AND 256 00:16:16,508 --> 00:16:18,844 IT'S CURRENTLY SUNDAY. 257 00:16:18,844 --> 00:16:20,179 WE HAD A BIG DAY YESTERDAY 258 00:16:20,179 --> 00:16:23,916 FILLING UP THE WELLS WILL GEL 259 00:16:23,916 --> 00:16:25,751 SOLUTION AND GETTING READY FOR 260 00:16:25,751 --> 00:16:26,552 HAND OVER. 261 00:16:26,552 --> 00:16:28,887 I HAVE A LAUNCH ON TUESDAY 262 00:16:28,887 --> 00:16:39,698 AFTERNOON. 263 00:16:39,698 --> 00:16:41,433 >> AS PART OF THE EFFORT TO 264 00:16:41,433 --> 00:16:44,770 RETURN ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON BY 265 00:16:44,770 --> 00:16:47,740 2024 THEY ARE EXCITED TO USE THE 266 00:16:47,740 --> 00:16:49,475 WATER NATIONAL CATHEDRAL EXISTS 267 00:16:49,475 --> 00:16:51,009 ON THE MOON TO SUPPORT 268 00:16:51,009 --> 00:16:52,511 EXPLORATION. 269 00:16:52,511 --> 00:16:54,146 THE PRESENCE OF WATER IS A 270 00:16:54,146 --> 00:16:56,782 RELATIVE RESENT DISCOVERY AND 271 00:16:56,782 --> 00:16:59,017 OPENS UP EXCITING POSSIBILITY 272 00:16:59,017 --> 00:17:01,253 WHILE SPARKING QUESTIONS ABOUT 273 00:17:01,253 --> 00:17:07,526 WHERE THE WATER CAME FROM. 274 00:17:07,526 --> 00:17:09,161 >> EXPLORING THE PRESENCE OF 275 00:17:09,161 --> 00:17:10,462 WATER ON THE MOON. 276 00:17:10,462 --> 00:17:14,299 I'M JIM GREEN, NASA'S CHIEF 277 00:17:14,299 --> 00:17:16,034 SCIENTIST AND THIS IS SCIENCE AT 278 00:17:16,034 --> 00:17:17,369 NASA. 279 00:17:17,369 --> 00:17:20,906 WE ARE GOING TO THE MOON. 280 00:17:20,906 --> 00:17:24,243 [ APPLAUSE ] 281 00:17:24,243 --> 00:17:26,678 >> AS NASA REPAIRS TO RETURN TO 282 00:17:26,678 --> 00:17:28,414 THE MOON ONE EXCITING 283 00:17:28,414 --> 00:17:29,815 OPPORTUNITY SCIENTIST ARE 284 00:17:29,815 --> 00:17:32,584 PREPARING FOR IS THE ABLE THE TO 285 00:17:32,584 --> 00:17:34,686 USE THE WATER THAT EXISTS TO 286 00:17:34,686 --> 00:17:37,322 SUPPORT HUMAN EXPLORATION. 287 00:17:37,322 --> 00:17:39,258 THE PRESENCE OF WATER HAS BEEN A 288 00:17:39,258 --> 00:17:43,529 RELATIVELY RESENT DISCOVERY. 289 00:17:43,529 --> 00:17:45,264 JUST AS MANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE 290 00:17:45,264 --> 00:17:47,733 WATERS ORIGINS. 291 00:17:47,733 --> 00:17:53,205 IN THE LATE 1990s NASA'S LUNAR 292 00:17:53,205 --> 00:17:57,142 PROSPECT MISSION FOUND HYDROGEN 293 00:17:57,142 --> 00:17:59,978 AT THE POLES. 294 00:17:59,978 --> 00:18:02,648 WHERE THERE IS HYDROGEN THERE 295 00:18:02,648 --> 00:18:04,450 MIGHT BE WATER. 296 00:18:04,450 --> 00:18:05,984 THEY ARE DETERMINE THE TYPE OF 297 00:18:05,984 --> 00:18:08,821 HYDROGEN THAT MIGHT BE BELOW THE 298 00:18:08,821 --> 00:18:11,056 MOONS POLAR REGIONS. 299 00:18:11,056 --> 00:18:13,792 TONY IS A PLANETARY SCIENTIST AT 300 00:18:13,792 --> 00:18:16,228 NASA'S RESEARCH CENTER AND THE 301 00:18:16,228 --> 00:18:19,064 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR FOR THE 302 00:18:19,064 --> 00:18:20,065 MISSION. 303 00:18:20,065 --> 00:18:21,099 TO DETERMINE THE FORM OF 304 00:18:21,099 --> 00:18:24,036 HYDROGEN AT THE POLLS WE NEEDED 305 00:18:24,036 --> 00:18:26,171 A WAY TO ACCESS MATERIALS BELOW 306 00:18:26,171 --> 00:18:28,407 THE MOON'S SURFACE. 307 00:18:28,407 --> 00:18:30,442 WE CARRIED A PIECE OF THE AT 308 00:18:30,442 --> 00:18:32,778 LIST WE LAUNCHED ON AND DIRECTED 309 00:18:32,778 --> 00:18:36,215 IT INTO ONE OF THE PERMANENTLY 310 00:18:36,215 --> 00:18:47,025 SHADOWED CRATERS WE HAD A PROBE. 311 00:18:47,025 --> 00:18:49,094 THE LUNAR ORBITER SPACECRAFT WAS 312 00:18:49,094 --> 00:18:52,231 ALSO MAKING OBSERVATION AT THE 313 00:18:52,231 --> 00:18:54,867 SPACECRAFT FROM IT'S ORBIT 314 00:18:54,867 --> 00:18:56,301 AROUND THE MOON. 315 00:18:56,301 --> 00:18:58,337 THE DIRT AND BLOOM HADN'T SEEN 316 00:18:58,337 --> 00:19:02,574 IT SUN IN 2 BILLION YEARS. 317 00:19:02,574 --> 00:19:04,810 IN THE SUNLIGHT WE FOUND WATER 318 00:19:04,810 --> 00:19:07,746 ABOUT 5% BY WEIGHT. 319 00:19:07,746 --> 00:19:09,581 >> NOW WE KNOW THERE IS WATER ON 320 00:19:09,581 --> 00:19:10,716 THE MOON. 321 00:19:10,716 --> 00:19:12,751 >> RESEARCH SCIENTIST JIM IS 322 00:19:12,751 --> 00:19:14,253 ALSO AT AIMS. 323 00:19:14,253 --> 00:19:15,888 SHE WILL EXPLAIN WHY THE 324 00:19:15,888 --> 00:19:18,824 DISCOVERY IS MUCH MORE THAN A 325 00:19:18,824 --> 00:19:20,959 SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY. 326 00:19:20,959 --> 00:19:22,861 >> ULTIMATELY, I BELIEVE WE'LL 327 00:19:22,861 --> 00:19:27,733 LIVE ON THE MOON FOR EXTENDED 328 00:19:27,733 --> 00:19:29,167 PERIODS OF TIME. 329 00:19:29,167 --> 00:19:31,803 WATER IS H2 O. 330 00:19:31,803 --> 00:19:34,439 A COMBINATION OF HYDROGEN AND 331 00:19:34,439 --> 00:19:35,340 OXYGEN. 332 00:19:35,340 --> 00:19:37,676 WE HAVE A SOURCE OF HYDROGEN AND 333 00:19:37,676 --> 00:19:39,511 OXYGEN THAT MIGHT BE USED FOR 334 00:19:39,511 --> 00:19:41,446 ROCKET FUEL AND A SOURCE FOR 335 00:19:41,446 --> 00:19:43,482 OXYGEN FOR BREATHING. 336 00:19:43,482 --> 00:19:46,718 WATER GIVES YOU A PARADIGM FOR 337 00:19:46,718 --> 00:19:50,756 FUTURE SPACE EXPLORATION. 338 00:19:50,756 --> 00:19:52,391 IN THE TEN YEARS WE HAVE 339 00:19:52,391 --> 00:19:56,562 CONTINUED TO STUDY WATER ON THE 340 00:19:56,562 --> 00:19:58,597 MOON WITH INSTRUMENTS. 341 00:19:58,597 --> 00:20:00,299 WE HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS WHERE 342 00:20:00,299 --> 00:20:02,434 DID THE WATER COME FROM? SOME 343 00:20:02,434 --> 00:20:04,570 BELIEVE THE WATER IN OTHER 344 00:20:04,570 --> 00:20:09,007 VOLATILES COULD BE REMANENTS OF 345 00:20:09,007 --> 00:20:12,277 COMMENTS AND ASTEROID IMPACTS. 346 00:20:12,277 --> 00:20:14,613 OTHER POINTS TO RESENT METEOR 347 00:20:14,613 --> 00:20:16,214 SHOWERS THAT COULD BE SEEN 348 00:20:16,214 --> 00:20:18,750 PRODUCING WATER VAPOR. 349 00:20:18,750 --> 00:20:22,321 WHERE EXACTLY IS THE WATER? WE 350 00:20:22,321 --> 00:20:25,157 HAVE CONFIRMED IT EXISTS IN THE 351 00:20:25,157 --> 00:20:29,928 MOON'S SOUTH POLE WHERE THE L 352 00:20:29,928 --> 00:20:32,664 CROSS IMPACT OCCURRED. 353 00:20:32,664 --> 00:20:35,300 HOW PLENTIFUL IS IT? CAN WE 354 00:20:35,300 --> 00:20:37,836 FIND IT IN SUPER COLD REGIONS? 355 00:20:37,836 --> 00:20:40,672 >> WE WON'T BE ABLE TO KNOW ANY 356 00:20:40,672 --> 00:20:42,474 OF THIS UNTIL WE VISIT THE SOUTH 357 00:20:42,474 --> 00:20:48,513 POLE WITH ASTRONAUTS. 358 00:20:48,513 --> 00:20:51,450 >> WITH THE NEW PROGRAM THEY 359 00:20:51,450 --> 00:20:53,185 PLAN TO DO JUST THAT. 360 00:20:53,185 --> 00:20:56,421 VISIT OUR WEBSITE FOR MORE 361 00:20:56,421 --> 00:21:03,929 INFORMATION. 362 00:21:03,929 --> 00:21:05,931 >>> THE SPACE STATION PROVIDES A 363 00:21:05,931 --> 00:21:07,666 WORKING LABORATORY FOR 364 00:21:07,666 --> 00:21:09,101 ASTRONAUTS. 365 00:21:09,101 --> 00:21:11,536 SOLAR ENERGY IS THE KEY ELEMENT 366 00:21:11,536 --> 00:21:16,174 TO KEEP IT RUNNING. 367 00:21:16,174 --> 00:21:18,510 THEY POWER THE MACHINES THEY 368 00:21:18,510 --> 00:21:25,684 NEED RICKY EXPLAINED THE PROCESS 369 00:21:25,684 --> 00:21:28,420 OF GENERATING THE POWER OF SOLAR 370 00:21:28,420 --> 00:21:31,490 ARRAYS AS THEY ORBIT 250 MILES 371 00:21:31,490 --> 00:21:49,508 ABOVE THE EARTH'S SURFACE. 372 00:21:49,508 --> 00:21:50,909 >> HI, WELCOME ABROAD THE 373 00:21:50,909 --> 00:21:53,078 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 374 00:21:53,078 --> 00:21:55,914 I'M RICKY ARNOLD AND I'M AT ONE 375 00:21:55,914 --> 00:21:59,551 OF THE MANY RESEARCH FACILITIES. 376 00:21:59,551 --> 00:22:02,487 YOU CAN SEE LAPTOPS AND OTHER 377 00:22:02,487 --> 00:22:04,423 TYPES OF EQUIPMENT. 378 00:22:04,423 --> 00:22:08,393 YOU CAN SEE ULTRASOUND IMAGING, 379 00:22:08,393 --> 00:22:12,531 MORE LAPTOPS AND OTHER 380 00:22:12,531 --> 00:22:13,765 EQUIPMENT. 381 00:22:13,765 --> 00:22:15,500 WE HAD SO MUCH EQUIPMENT FOR 382 00:22:15,500 --> 00:22:17,502 SCIENCE AND LIFE SUPPORT WE HAD 383 00:22:17,502 --> 00:22:20,972 EIGHT MILES OF WIRING TO MAKE IT 384 00:22:20,972 --> 00:22:21,573 WORK. 385 00:22:21,573 --> 00:22:23,408 WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM? 386 00:22:23,408 --> 00:22:25,410 LET'S HAVE A LOOK. 387 00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:27,045 FROM HERE AND THROUGH OTHER 388 00:22:27,045 --> 00:22:29,181 WINDOWS YOU CAN SEE THE SOLAR 389 00:22:29,181 --> 00:22:32,851 ARRAYS SOAKING IN THE SUNLIGHT, 390 00:22:32,851 --> 00:22:34,252 THEY ARE MASSIVE. 391 00:22:34,252 --> 00:22:38,523 THEY ARE MADE OF SOLAR CELLS. 392 00:22:38,523 --> 00:22:40,459 TOGETHER THEY CONTAIN A TOTAL OF 393 00:22:40,459 --> 00:22:43,895 262 TOTAL SOLAR CELLS AND COVER 394 00:22:43,895 --> 00:22:49,301 AN AREA OF 2,700 SQUIRE FEET. 395 00:22:49,301 --> 00:22:50,635 HALF THE AREA OF A FOOTBALL 396 00:22:50,635 --> 00:22:51,336 FIELD. 397 00:22:51,336 --> 00:22:53,171 WHEN THE STATION IS IN SUNLIGHT 398 00:22:53,171 --> 00:22:55,707 THEY PRODUCE 60% MORE POWER THAN 399 00:22:55,707 --> 00:22:57,008 WE NEED. 400 00:22:57,008 --> 00:23:01,179 THAT EXTRA POWER GOES TO 401 00:23:01,179 --> 00:23:03,081 CHARGING OUR BATTERIES. 402 00:23:03,081 --> 00:23:04,516 THEY ARE ESSENTIAL BECAUSE THEY 403 00:23:04,516 --> 00:23:07,552 PROVIDE THE POWER WE NEED DURING 404 00:23:07,552 --> 00:23:09,988 THE 16 NIGHTTIMES WE HAVE ON THE 405 00:23:09,988 --> 00:23:11,022 SPACE STATION. 406 00:23:11,022 --> 00:23:13,258 THEY CAN PRODUCE ENOUGH POWER TO 407 00:23:13,258 --> 00:23:15,494 POWER UP TO 40 HOMES. 408 00:23:15,494 --> 00:23:17,896 WE CAN MAXIMIZE THEM BY ROTATING 409 00:23:17,896 --> 00:23:19,331 THE ARRAYS. 410 00:23:19,331 --> 00:23:23,702 ONE IS LIKE A WINDMILL TO TRACK 411 00:23:23,702 --> 00:23:26,304 THE SUN. 412 00:23:26,304 --> 00:23:29,074 THE SPACE STATIONS ELECTRICAL 413 00:23:29,074 --> 00:23:31,510 POWER SYSTEM USES DIRECT CURRENT 414 00:23:31,510 --> 00:23:36,047 TO PROVIDE ENERGY TO LAPTOPS AND 415 00:23:36,047 --> 00:23:38,984 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS. 416 00:23:38,984 --> 00:23:40,819 THANK YOU FOR COMING ABROAD, NOW 417 00:23:40,819 --> 00:24:04,309 BACK TO EARTH. 418 00:24:04,309 --> 00:24:07,646 >> MANY NASA ASTRONAUTS THAT 419 00:24:07,646 --> 00:24:11,483 SPENT TIME OFF THE PLANET HAS A 420 00:24:11,483 --> 00:24:13,819 NEW APPRECIATE FOR THE PLANET 421 00:24:13,819 --> 00:24:17,789 THEY LEFT BEHIND. 422 00:24:17,789 --> 00:24:20,225 IT'S ALSO TRUE FOR THOSE WHO ON 423 00:24:20,225 --> 00:24:23,061 THE WENT TO SPACE FOR A WEEK OR 424 00:24:23,061 --> 00:24:24,663 TWO. 425 00:24:24,663 --> 00:24:26,898 THEY EXPERIENCED A SHIFT IN THE 426 00:24:26,898 --> 00:24:29,034 WORLD VIEW AFTER SEEING IT FROM 427 00:24:29,034 --> 00:24:49,387 THAT DISTANCE. 428 00:24:49,387 --> 00:24:52,524 >>> WHEN YOU FIRST GET TO ORBIT 429 00:24:52,524 --> 00:24:55,994 IT'S REALLY FUNNY, IT'S NOT 430 00:24:55,994 --> 00:24:58,330 FUNNY BUT IT'S FUN TO WATCH 431 00:24:58,330 --> 00:24:59,731 EVERYONE. 432 00:24:59,731 --> 00:25:02,267 EVERYONE TAKES THE WRITING 433 00:25:02,267 --> 00:25:06,004 UTENSIL HE OR SHE HAS AND WATCH 434 00:25:06,004 --> 00:25:07,539 IT FLOAT. 435 00:25:07,539 --> 00:25:09,574 I WANT TO SEE IT FLOAT. 436 00:25:09,574 --> 00:25:10,876 AS QUICKLY AS YOU CAN, 437 00:25:10,876 --> 00:25:13,111 PARTICULARLY THE FIRST TIME 438 00:25:13,111 --> 00:25:21,319 FLIER IT'S TO THE WINDOW. 439 00:25:21,319 --> 00:25:22,921 >> THE FIRST THING IS HOW 440 00:25:22,921 --> 00:25:26,091 BEAUTIFUL IT IS. 441 00:25:26,091 --> 00:25:28,693 IT'S DARN EXCITING. 442 00:25:28,693 --> 00:25:32,163 YOU IMMEDIATELY TRY TO IDENTIFY 443 00:25:32,163 --> 00:25:35,700 PLACES. 444 00:25:35,700 --> 00:25:37,535 YOU LOOK AND YOU SEE THINGS LIKE 445 00:25:37,535 --> 00:25:41,973 A MASSIVE THUNDERSTORM AN NIMBUS 446 00:25:41,973 --> 00:25:45,510 CLOUD COMING UP. 447 00:25:45,510 --> 00:25:47,879 IT'S THE TANGIBLE NATURE OF WHAT 448 00:25:47,879 --> 00:25:49,915 YOU ARE SEEING THAT TAKES YOUR 449 00:25:49,915 --> 00:25:54,653 BREATHE AWAY. 450 00:25:54,653 --> 00:25:58,123 I WORRIED MY FAMILY WHEN I SENT 451 00:25:58,123 --> 00:26:00,058 NOTES BECAUSE I STARTED TALKING 452 00:26:00,058 --> 00:26:04,496 ABOUT THE BLACK VELVET OF DEEP 453 00:26:04,496 --> 00:26:05,730 SPACE. 454 00:26:05,730 --> 00:26:07,866 YOU LOOK IN DEEP SPACE YOU LOOK 455 00:26:07,866 --> 00:26:10,669 AT THE CLOUDS OR WHAT AM I 456 00:26:10,669 --> 00:26:12,003 LOOKING AT. 457 00:26:12,003 --> 00:26:14,739 EVERYTHING IS VIVID, THAT'S 458 00:26:14,739 --> 00:26:16,374 ANOTHER PART OF THE VISUAL 459 00:26:16,374 --> 00:26:18,910 ASPECT WHERE YOU ARE LOOKING OUT 460 00:26:18,910 --> 00:26:19,911 OR DOWN. 461 00:26:19,911 --> 00:26:22,247 IT'S PART OF THE SAME THING OF 462 00:26:22,247 --> 00:26:24,582 TAKING A PICTURE OF SOMEONE AND 463 00:26:24,582 --> 00:26:29,254 NOTHING CAPTURES VIVID COLORS 464 00:26:29,254 --> 00:26:32,190 AND TEXTURES AND SODALITY LIKE 465 00:26:32,190 --> 00:26:34,025 THE HUMAN EYE DOES. 466 00:26:34,025 --> 00:26:36,061 WHEN IN SPACE IT'S THE SAME 467 00:26:36,061 --> 00:26:36,861 THING. 468 00:26:36,861 --> 00:26:39,397 THAT'S WHY IN PART IT'S A 469 00:26:39,397 --> 00:26:41,933 POWERFUL PERSONAL EXPERIENCE. 470 00:26:41,933 --> 00:26:43,668 WE LOVE THE PICTURES THAT WE 471 00:26:43,668 --> 00:26:47,038 BRING BACK IT'S NOT THE SAME AS 472 00:26:47,038 --> 00:26:51,076 SEEING IT YOURSELF. 473 00:26:51,076 --> 00:27:01,653 THERE IS A CERTAIN SERENITY THAT 474 00:27:01,653 --> 00:27:02,754 COMES. 475 00:27:02,754 --> 00:27:04,589 IT'S THE TREMENDOUS GOAL YOU 476 00:27:04,589 --> 00:27:05,290 HAD. 477 00:27:05,290 --> 00:27:06,825 THAT'S SOMETHING I FELT WHEN I 478 00:27:06,825 --> 00:27:09,761 FIRST GOT ON ORBIT. 479 00:27:09,761 --> 00:27:15,133 HEAVEN FORBID I COULD PARISH NOW 480 00:27:15,133 --> 00:27:17,369 OR NEVER FLY AGAIN. 481 00:27:17,369 --> 00:27:19,004 NOTHING CAN TAKE THIS EXPERIENCE 482 00:27:19,004 --> 00:27:19,704 AWAY. 483 00:27:19,704 --> 00:27:22,440 I NOW OWN THIS EXPERIENCE. 484 00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:36,187 IT'S MINE FOREVER. 485 00:27:36,187 --> 00:27:38,023 >> IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO TAKE 486 00:27:38,023 --> 00:27:39,424 ANOTHER LOOK AT ANY OF THE 487 00:27:39,424 --> 00:27:42,093 STORIES FEATURED HERE TODAY YOU 488 00:27:42,093 --> 00:27:44,095 CAN BY GOING TO YOUTUBE OR 489 00:27:44,095 --> 00:27:46,731 FACEBOOK AT EITHER ADDRESS ON 490 00:27:46,731 --> 00:27:48,500 THE SCREEN FOR YOU. 491 00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,235 BE SURE TO LOOK AROUND. 492 00:27:50,235 --> 00:27:52,570 THERE IS A LOT OF STUFF ABOUT 493 00:27:52,570 --> 00:27:57,042 NASA AND THE HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT 494 00:27:57,042 --> 00:27:58,043 PROGRAM. 495 00:27:58,043 --> 00:27:59,778 ALSO CHECK OUT HOUSTON, WE HAVE 496 00:27:59,778 --> 00:28:00,979 A PODCAST. 497 00:28:00,979 --> 00:28:02,714 WE TALK ABOUT FOLKS ABOUT THEIR 498 00:28:02,714 --> 00:28:04,449 WORK IN ALL ASPECTS OF SPACE 499 00:28:04,449 --> 00:28:06,051 EXPLORATION. 500 00:28:06,051 --> 00:28:08,887 WE POST EVERY FRIDAY. 501 00:28:08,887 --> 00:28:11,022 JORDAN GOES BACK IN HISTORY TO 502 00:28:11,022 --> 00:28:13,658 EXPLORE ORIGINS FOR PLANS FOR A 503 00:28:13,658 --> 00:28:15,693 SPACE STATION AROUND EARTH. 504 00:28:15,693 --> 00:28:18,329 THIS IS IN A TALK WITH EDUCATION 505 00:28:18,329 --> 00:28:20,865 MISSION MANAGER GARY. 506 00:28:20,865 --> 00:28:23,301 THAT'S DOUBLE THE DAILY DOSE OF 507 00:28:23,301 --> 00:28:26,037 GARY, NO EXTRA COST. 508 00:28:26,037 --> 00:28:28,973 HEAD TO OUR PODCASTS. 509 00:28:28,973 --> 00:28:30,608 YOU WILL ALSO FIND ALL OF THE 510 00:28:30,608 --> 00:28:33,445 PREVIOUS EPISODES AND FULL 511 00:28:33,445 --> 00:28:35,880 LIBRARY OF ALL OF THE NASA 512 00:28:35,880 --> 00:28:37,115 PODCASTS. 513 00:28:37,115 --> 00:28:38,817 YOU CAN LISTEN TO ON APPLE 514 00:28:38,817 --> 00:28:41,052 PODCAST, GOOGLE PODCAST, AND 515 00:28:41,052 --> 00:28:42,487 SOUND CLOUD. 516 00:28:42,487 --> 00:28:52,430 THIS IS MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON.