1 00:00:00,133 --> 00:00:01,334 >> STATION, THIS IS HOUSTON, 2 00:00:01,334 --> 00:00:05,472 ARE YOU READY FOR THE EVENT? 3 00:00:05,472 --> 00:00:08,007 >> HOUSTON, THIS IS STATION, I'M 4 00:00:08,007 --> 00:00:10,643 READY FOR THE EVENT. 5 00:00:10,643 --> 00:00:15,715 >> GRAND BLANC MIDDLE SCHOOL, 6 00:00:15,715 --> 00:00:18,818 THIS IS HOUSTON, PLEASE CALL 7 00:00:18,818 --> 00:00:22,088 STATION FOR A CHECK. 8 00:00:22,088 --> 00:00:25,225 >> HOW DO YOU HEAR ME? 9 00:00:25,225 --> 00:00:27,761 >> I HEAR YOU LOUD AND CLEAR, 10 00:00:27,761 --> 00:00:29,529 GRAND BLANC, HOW DO YOU HEAR ME? 11 00:00:29,529 --> 00:00:31,297 >> WONDERFUL, LOUD AND CLEAR. 12 00:00:31,297 --> 00:00:32,832 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR TAKING 13 00:00:32,832 --> 00:00:35,168 THE TIME TODAY TO TALK TO THESE 14 00:00:35,168 --> 00:00:37,170 INCREDIBLE 8TH GRADERS. 15 00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:40,507 WE'RE HERE WERE STUDENTS, 16 00:00:40,507 --> 00:00:44,744 TEACHERS, CONGRESSMAN DAN KILDEE 17 00:00:44,744 --> 00:00:48,948 AND REPRESENTATIVE AND THEY HAVE 18 00:00:48,948 --> 00:00:51,117 QUESTIONS WHAT IT'S LIKE TO BAKE 19 00:00:51,117 --> 00:00:53,520 THE FIRST CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE 20 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:55,955 IN PLACE AND HOW TO MAKE SPACE 21 00:00:55,955 --> 00:00:57,190 MORE HOSPITABLE. 22 00:00:57,190 --> 00:00:59,025 LET'S GET THE QUESTIONS BEGIN. 23 00:00:59,025 --> 00:01:00,827 >> THE QUESTION I WILL BE ASKING 24 00:01:00,827 --> 00:01:02,796 YOU HOW DO THE ASTRONAUT MAKE 25 00:01:02,796 --> 00:01:10,737 THE COOKIES FOR THE ISS? 26 00:01:10,737 --> 00:01:13,006 >> WELL, THE ANSWER IS ABOVE MY 27 00:01:13,006 --> 00:01:15,508 HEAD HERE IN THE U.S. LAB ON THE 28 00:01:15,508 --> 00:01:17,143 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND 29 00:01:17,143 --> 00:01:19,712 THIS IS THE ZERO G OVEN. 30 00:01:19,712 --> 00:01:21,114 YOU CAN'T SEE IT BECAUSE ALL YOU 31 00:01:21,114 --> 00:01:22,315 SEE IS A FLAT SPACE WITH THE 32 00:01:22,315 --> 00:01:24,284 NAME OF THE OVEN ON IT, BUT WE 33 00:01:24,284 --> 00:01:26,753 ACTUALLY PLACED THE COOKIES IN 34 00:01:26,753 --> 00:01:28,087 THERE AND I WILL SHOW YOU. 35 00:01:28,087 --> 00:01:30,223 I HAVE AN EXAMPLE RIGHT HERE 36 00:01:30,223 --> 00:01:33,059 WITH ME. 37 00:01:33,059 --> 00:01:34,828 THIS IS ACTUALLY THE COOKIE THAT 38 00:01:34,828 --> 00:01:36,529 WAS BAKED IN THIS OVEN. 39 00:01:36,529 --> 00:01:38,565 SO YOU CAN SEE THAT IT'S IN THIS 40 00:01:38,565 --> 00:01:41,701 SMALL LITTLE PLASTIC ENVELOPE 41 00:01:41,701 --> 00:01:44,204 WITH THESE ALUMINUM SIDES AND IT 42 00:01:44,204 --> 00:01:46,139 CAN BE INSERTED INTO THE OVEN 43 00:01:46,139 --> 00:01:48,074 AND STAYS IN PLACE AND CAN BAKE 44 00:01:48,074 --> 00:01:50,343 AND THAT'S REALLY ALL WE HAVE TO 45 00:01:50,343 --> 00:01:50,577 DO. 46 00:01:50,577 --> 00:01:51,878 IT'S SENT UP LIKE THIS. 47 00:01:51,878 --> 00:01:53,513 THE COOKIES WERE SENT UP 48 00:01:53,513 --> 00:01:55,315 BASICALLY IN A LUMP OF COOKIE 49 00:01:55,315 --> 00:01:57,283 DOUGH AND ALL WE HAD TO DO IS 50 00:01:57,283 --> 00:02:00,420 INSERT THAT INTO THE OVEN AND 51 00:02:00,420 --> 00:02:02,288 LET IT BAKE. 52 00:02:02,288 --> 00:02:06,459 >> HI, MY NAME IS RACHEL CASTLE 53 00:02:06,459 --> 00:02:08,127 AND MY QUESTION IS, HOW DID THE 54 00:02:08,127 --> 00:02:10,563 COOKIE LOOK WHEN IT WAS TAKEN 55 00:02:10,563 --> 00:02:12,999 OUT OF THE OVEN? 56 00:02:12,999 --> 00:02:15,201 >> WELL, WHEN WE FIRST-- 57 00:02:15,201 --> 00:02:16,636 BEFORE WE FIRST PUT IT IN AND 58 00:02:16,636 --> 00:02:18,071 ACTUALLY I WASN'T THE ONE THAT 59 00:02:18,071 --> 00:02:20,240 BAKED THEM. 60 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:22,141 ITALIAN ASTRONAUT PARMITANO HAD 61 00:02:22,141 --> 00:02:26,179 THE PLEASURE OF BAKING THE 62 00:02:26,179 --> 00:02:26,446 SAMPLES. 63 00:02:26,446 --> 00:02:28,147 I DIDN'T SEE IT BEFORE IT WENT 64 00:02:28,147 --> 00:02:30,049 IN ABOUT YOU IT LOOKED LIKE A 65 00:02:30,049 --> 00:02:31,518 RAW PIECE OF COOKIE DOUGH YOU 66 00:02:31,518 --> 00:02:33,486 COULD BUY AT THE STORE OR MAKE 67 00:02:33,486 --> 00:02:35,088 AT HOME AND IT WAS ALREADY IN 68 00:02:35,088 --> 00:02:38,291 THIS LITTLE PACKAGE AND ONCE HE 69 00:02:38,291 --> 00:02:40,326 INSERTED THEM IN AND THE COOKIES 70 00:02:40,326 --> 00:02:42,595 SPREAD OUT JUST LIKE ON YOUR 71 00:02:42,595 --> 00:02:44,097 BAKING SHEET AT HOME WHEN YOU 72 00:02:44,097 --> 00:02:46,833 TAKE THEM OUT OF THE OVEN AND 73 00:02:46,833 --> 00:02:48,368 THEY TURNED DARKER IN COLOR AS 74 00:02:48,368 --> 00:02:50,103 WELL JUST LIKE YOU WOULD EXPECT 75 00:02:50,103 --> 00:02:52,038 FROM BAKING A COOKIE ON THE 76 00:02:52,038 --> 00:02:52,272 GROUND. 77 00:02:52,272 --> 00:02:53,506 >> OKAY. 78 00:02:53,506 --> 00:02:54,207 THANK YOU. 79 00:02:54,207 --> 00:03:00,013 >> MY NAME IS ARIANA. 80 00:03:00,013 --> 00:03:01,548 DO YOU THINK THAT COOKIES WERE A 81 00:03:01,548 --> 00:03:03,816 GOOD FIRST ITEM TO BAKE IN SPACE 82 00:03:03,816 --> 00:03:04,450 AND WHY? 83 00:03:04,450 --> 00:03:06,085 >> ABSOLUTELY. 84 00:03:06,085 --> 00:03:07,954 I MEAN, WHO DOESN'T LIKE FRESHLY 85 00:03:07,954 --> 00:03:08,655 BAKED COOKIES. 86 00:03:08,655 --> 00:03:10,890 I CAN TELL YOU THE ONE THING 87 00:03:10,890 --> 00:03:13,293 THAT I DO DISTINCTLY REMEMBER AS 88 00:03:13,293 --> 00:03:14,160 THEY WERE BAKING. 89 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:16,262 AS I MENTIONED THE OVEN IS ABOVE 90 00:03:16,262 --> 00:03:18,464 MY HEAD AND THIS IS IN THE LAB, 91 00:03:18,464 --> 00:03:20,733 REALLY ONE OF THE CENTRAL POINTS 92 00:03:20,733 --> 00:03:21,434 IN THE SPACE STATION. 93 00:03:21,434 --> 00:03:23,002 ALL THE CREW MEMBERS ARE PASSING 94 00:03:23,002 --> 00:03:24,304 THROUGH HERE AND GOING TO 95 00:03:24,304 --> 00:03:25,805 DIFFERENT WORK SITES AND TO 96 00:03:25,805 --> 00:03:27,874 THEIR SLEEPING QUARTERS, GOING 97 00:03:27,874 --> 00:03:31,544 TO THE BATHROOM, ANYWHERE ON THE 98 00:03:31,544 --> 00:03:33,313 SPACE STATION THEY GO THROUGH 99 00:03:33,313 --> 00:03:35,515 HERE AND THE LAB WAS FULL OF 100 00:03:35,515 --> 00:03:36,616 WONDERFUL SMELL OF BAKED 101 00:03:36,616 --> 00:03:37,016 COOKIES. 102 00:03:37,016 --> 00:03:38,084 YOU'RE ALL FAMILIAR WITH THAT 103 00:03:38,084 --> 00:03:42,055 AND YOU COME HOME, YOUR MOM, 104 00:03:42,055 --> 00:03:45,058 YOUR DAD, YOUR SIBLINGS OR YOU 105 00:03:45,058 --> 00:03:48,861 ARE BAKING COOKIES AND HOW IT 106 00:03:48,861 --> 00:03:50,229 FILLS UP YOUR NOSTRILS AND YOU 107 00:03:50,229 --> 00:03:51,998 CAN IMAGINE WANTING TO EAT A 108 00:03:51,998 --> 00:03:53,967 COOKIE AND HAVE A GLASS OF MILK, 109 00:03:53,967 --> 00:03:54,934 TOO, WHEN YOU HAVE THAT 110 00:03:54,934 --> 00:03:55,868 SENSATION AND WE HAVE THAT HERE 111 00:03:55,868 --> 00:03:56,636 IN THE LAB. 112 00:03:56,636 --> 00:03:58,838 I COULD SMELL THOSE COOKIES 113 00:03:58,838 --> 00:04:05,878 BAKING AND IT WAS A GREAT SMELL. 114 00:04:05,878 --> 00:04:11,451 >> MY NAME IS LYNNESE CHILTON, 115 00:04:11,451 --> 00:04:14,120 IN WHAT WAY DID BAKING THE 116 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:16,022 COOKIES MAKE THE ISS FEEL MORE 117 00:04:16,022 --> 00:04:16,723 AT HOME? 118 00:04:16,723 --> 00:04:18,825 >> WELL, I THINK IT FELT AT HOME 119 00:04:18,825 --> 00:04:20,627 JUST IN THE WAY THAT I DESCRIBED 120 00:04:20,627 --> 00:04:20,827 IT. 121 00:04:20,827 --> 00:04:22,295 WHEN I THINK ABOUT WHEN I'M 122 00:04:22,295 --> 00:04:23,730 BAKING, I ACTUALLY LOVE TO BAKE 123 00:04:23,730 --> 00:04:24,530 ON THE GROUND. 124 00:04:24,530 --> 00:04:27,734 I BAKE A LOT OF COOKIES AND 125 00:04:27,734 --> 00:04:29,335 MUFFINS AND THAT KIND OF THING 126 00:04:29,335 --> 00:04:31,504 AND OFTEN BRING THEM TO SHARE AT 127 00:04:31,504 --> 00:04:31,904 WORK. 128 00:04:31,904 --> 00:04:33,640 IT REMINDED WHEN I BAKE MYSELF 129 00:04:33,640 --> 00:04:35,341 OR WHEN I WAS A KID AT HOME AND 130 00:04:35,341 --> 00:04:37,310 MY MOM WAS MAKING, SHE'S A 131 00:04:37,310 --> 00:04:38,578 WONDERFUL CHEF AND A WONDERFUL 132 00:04:38,578 --> 00:04:40,313 BAKER, TOO. 133 00:04:40,313 --> 00:04:42,915 SO THAT DID -- SMELLING THAT 134 00:04:42,915 --> 00:04:44,617 AROMA OF SOMETHING FRESH BAKING 135 00:04:44,617 --> 00:04:46,753 IN THE OVEN HERE ON THE SPACE 136 00:04:46,753 --> 00:04:49,022 STATION REALLY DID MAKE ME FEEL 137 00:04:49,022 --> 00:04:49,522 AT HOME. 138 00:04:49,522 --> 00:04:54,894 >> HELLO, MY NAME IS STEVEN 139 00:04:54,894 --> 00:04:56,929 MCDONALD WHEN YOU'RE ON THE ISS 140 00:04:56,929 --> 00:04:58,965 WHAT THINGS FROM EARTH DO YOU 141 00:04:58,965 --> 00:05:00,199 MISS MOST? 142 00:05:00,199 --> 00:05:01,768 >> YOU KNOW, PEOPLE ASK ME A LOT 143 00:05:01,768 --> 00:05:03,636 ABOUT WHAT I MISS ON THE SPACE 144 00:05:03,636 --> 00:05:05,271 STATION AND THE ANSWER ACTUALLY 145 00:05:05,271 --> 00:05:06,506 IS NOTHING. 146 00:05:06,506 --> 00:05:07,774 I REALLY DON'T MISS ANYTHING UP 147 00:05:07,774 --> 00:05:07,974 HERE. 148 00:05:07,974 --> 00:05:09,275 YOU KNOW, OF COURSE, IT WOULD BE 149 00:05:09,275 --> 00:05:11,110 NICE TO SEE MY FAMILY AND 150 00:05:11,110 --> 00:05:12,645 FRIENDS AND I THOUGHT THAT I WAS 151 00:05:12,645 --> 00:05:14,981 REALLY GOING TO MISS THE 152 00:05:14,981 --> 00:05:15,248 OUTDOORS. 153 00:05:15,248 --> 00:05:17,016 I LOVE BEING OUTSIDE. 154 00:05:17,016 --> 00:05:19,252 I LOVE NATURE, HIKING IN THE 155 00:05:19,252 --> 00:05:20,687 TREES OR SKIING IN THE WINTER 156 00:05:20,687 --> 00:05:22,021 AND OF COURSE, IT WOULD BE GREAT 157 00:05:22,021 --> 00:05:23,723 TO DO THAT AND WHEN I LOOK DOWN 158 00:05:23,723 --> 00:05:25,425 ESPECIALLY IN THE WINTER AND SEE 159 00:05:25,425 --> 00:05:26,392 ALL THE SNOW, I THINK ABOUT 160 00:05:26,392 --> 00:05:27,660 SKIING AND THAT WOULD BE GREAT, 161 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:28,628 BUT IT DOESN'T REALLY DID I 162 00:05:28,628 --> 00:05:29,729 UNDERSTAND IT'S NOT THE SAME AS 163 00:05:29,729 --> 00:05:31,330 IF I'M MISSING ANYTHING. 164 00:05:31,330 --> 00:05:32,498 I THINK THAT THAT IS BECAUSE 165 00:05:32,498 --> 00:05:34,934 WE'RE UP HERE IN THIS REALLY 166 00:05:34,934 --> 00:05:37,136 UNIQUE EXCEPTIONAL, VERY, VERY 167 00:05:37,136 --> 00:05:38,237 SPECIAL ENVIRONMENT AND IT'S 168 00:05:38,237 --> 00:05:39,305 TOTALLY ALIEN. 169 00:05:39,305 --> 00:05:40,973 EVERYTHING IS DIFFERENT THAN 170 00:05:40,973 --> 00:05:42,075 ANYTHING YOU'VE EVER EXPERIENCED 171 00:05:42,075 --> 00:05:42,775 IN YOUR LIFE. 172 00:05:42,775 --> 00:05:44,010 SO YOU CAN IMAGINE IF YOU'RE AT 173 00:05:44,010 --> 00:05:45,511 HOME AND SITTING ON THE COUCH 174 00:05:45,511 --> 00:05:47,380 AND LET'S SAY COOKIES, FOR 175 00:05:47,380 --> 00:05:48,948 EXAMPLE, YOU'RE NEVER GOING TO 176 00:05:48,948 --> 00:05:50,416 HAVE A COOKIE AGAIN, YOU 177 00:05:50,416 --> 00:05:51,517 PROBABLY WOULD MISS THE COOKIES, 178 00:05:51,517 --> 00:05:53,720 BUT IF YOU'RE IN A TOTALLY 179 00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:54,487 DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT THAT 180 00:05:54,487 --> 00:05:55,722 YOU'RE NOT USED TO HAVING 181 00:05:55,722 --> 00:05:56,656 ANYTHING UP HERE BECAUSE 182 00:05:56,656 --> 00:05:58,157 EVERYTHING IS SO NEW AND 183 00:05:58,157 --> 00:05:59,759 DIFFERENT, I THINK THAT'S ONE OF 184 00:05:59,759 --> 00:06:01,728 THE REASONS WHY I DON'T REALLY 185 00:06:01,728 --> 00:06:03,863 MISS ANYTHING. 186 00:06:03,863 --> 00:06:05,998 EVERYTHING UP HERE IS SO 187 00:06:05,998 --> 00:06:07,233 EXCEPTIONAL, UNIQUE AND 188 00:06:07,233 --> 00:06:08,067 BEAUTIFUL, THINGS WE EXPERIENCE 189 00:06:08,067 --> 00:06:09,235 LOOKING DOWN ON THE EARTH AND 190 00:06:09,235 --> 00:06:12,238 GOING OUT FOR A SPACE WALK. 191 00:06:12,238 --> 00:06:13,306 ALL THE DIFFERENT SCIENTIFIC 192 00:06:13,306 --> 00:06:14,140 EXPERIMENTS THAT WE PARTICIPATE 193 00:06:14,140 --> 00:06:15,808 IN HERE, THERE'S SO MUCH 194 00:06:15,808 --> 00:06:16,909 EXCITING STUFF ALL THE TIME IT'S 195 00:06:16,909 --> 00:06:17,910 HARD TO MISS ANYTHING ELSE. 196 00:06:17,910 --> 00:06:19,946 >> ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU. 197 00:06:19,946 --> 00:06:23,816 >> MY NAME IS TAYLOR FIELDS AND 198 00:06:23,816 --> 00:06:26,652 MY QUESTION IS, IN WHAT WAYS DO 199 00:06:26,652 --> 00:06:27,954 YOU THINK THAT HOSPITABLE 200 00:06:27,954 --> 00:06:30,757 TOUCHES LIKE BAKING CAN IMPROVE 201 00:06:30,757 --> 00:06:32,358 SPACE TRAVEL? 202 00:06:32,358 --> 00:06:35,261 >> I THINK ANYTHING THAT WE CAN 203 00:06:35,261 --> 00:06:36,729 DO, FIRST OF ALL, FOR 204 00:06:36,729 --> 00:06:37,830 PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT, JUST TO 205 00:06:37,830 --> 00:06:39,599 BRING SOME OF THOSE ELEMENTS 206 00:06:39,599 --> 00:06:41,801 FROM HOME LIKE WE WERE TALKING 207 00:06:41,801 --> 00:06:42,902 ABOUT, THOSE ELEMENTS BECOME 208 00:06:42,902 --> 00:06:45,037 EVEN MORE IMPORTANT WHEN WE'RE 209 00:06:45,037 --> 00:06:46,739 TALKING ABOUT LONG DURATION 210 00:06:46,739 --> 00:06:47,006 MISSIONS. 211 00:06:47,006 --> 00:06:48,975 SO I'M UP HERE, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR 212 00:06:48,975 --> 00:06:49,709 SEVERAL MONTHS. 213 00:06:49,709 --> 00:06:51,244 MY COLLEAGUE UP HERE, DREW 214 00:06:51,244 --> 00:06:52,879 MORGAN, HE'S UP HERE FOR NINE 215 00:06:52,879 --> 00:06:54,747 MONTHS AND ONE OF OUR OTHER 216 00:06:54,747 --> 00:06:56,082 COLLEAGUES, CHRISTINA KOCH, YOU 217 00:06:56,082 --> 00:06:57,517 PROBABLY HEARD ABOUT HER, SHE 218 00:06:57,517 --> 00:06:59,385 WAS UP HERE ALMOST A YEAR. 219 00:06:59,385 --> 00:07:01,821 SO BRINGING SOME ELEMENTS IN TO 220 00:07:01,821 --> 00:07:03,256 REMIND US FROM THINGS BACK HOME 221 00:07:03,256 --> 00:07:05,124 ARE IMPORTANT FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL 222 00:07:05,124 --> 00:07:05,391 SUPPORT. 223 00:07:05,391 --> 00:07:06,993 THE OTHER REALLY IMPORTANT 224 00:07:06,993 --> 00:07:09,095 FACTOR IN FOOD SOURCES AND THE 225 00:07:09,095 --> 00:07:10,730 WAYS THAT WE CAN GROW AND 226 00:07:10,730 --> 00:07:12,398 PREPARE FOOD IN SPACE ARE 227 00:07:12,398 --> 00:07:14,567 IMPORTANT FOR LONG DURATION 228 00:07:14,567 --> 00:07:16,035 MISSIONS, FOR DEEP SPACE 229 00:07:16,035 --> 00:07:16,335 MISSIONS. 230 00:07:16,335 --> 00:07:18,504 WHEN WE GO FURTHER THAN THE 231 00:07:18,504 --> 00:07:19,205 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND 232 00:07:19,205 --> 00:07:21,374 WHEN WE GO BACK TO THE MOON AND 233 00:07:21,374 --> 00:07:22,909 EVENTUALLY TO MARS. 234 00:07:22,909 --> 00:07:24,410 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BE MORE 235 00:07:24,410 --> 00:07:26,245 SUSTAINABLE ON THE MISSIONS AND 236 00:07:26,245 --> 00:07:27,713 NOT BRING EVERYTHING WITH US. 237 00:07:27,713 --> 00:07:29,215 IT WOULD BE TOO MUCH CARGO TO 238 00:07:29,215 --> 00:07:29,515 TRANSPORT. 239 00:07:29,515 --> 00:07:30,516 SOME OF THE THINGS WE'RE DOING 240 00:07:30,516 --> 00:07:34,387 UP HERE ARE LOOKING AT SOME 241 00:07:34,387 --> 00:07:35,388 SUSTAINABILITY OF FUTURE FOOD 242 00:07:35,388 --> 00:07:36,789 PRODUCTION SYSTEMS THAT WE MIGHT 243 00:07:36,789 --> 00:07:38,524 USE FOR DEEP EXPLORATION 244 00:07:38,524 --> 00:07:38,791 MISSIONS. 245 00:07:38,791 --> 00:07:39,992 FOR EXAMPLE, ANOTHER THING THAT 246 00:07:39,992 --> 00:07:41,093 WE HAD UP HERE, PERHAPS 247 00:07:41,093 --> 00:07:43,596 HEALTHIER THAN COOKIES, WE WERE 248 00:07:43,596 --> 00:07:45,298 ACTUALLY GROWING LETTUCE, A TYPE 249 00:07:45,298 --> 00:07:48,467 OF VERY, VERY TASTY LETTUCE HAS 250 00:07:48,467 --> 00:07:50,436 A STRONG MUSTARDY TASTE IN 251 00:07:50,436 --> 00:07:51,938 FLAVOR AND I LOVE EATING SALAD 252 00:07:51,938 --> 00:07:53,372 AND LETTUCE ON THE GROUND. 253 00:07:53,372 --> 00:07:55,575 SO WE WERE GROWING IT UP HERE 254 00:07:55,575 --> 00:07:56,509 FOR SEVERAL OF THE FIRST MONTHS 255 00:07:56,509 --> 00:07:58,811 OF MY MISSION. 256 00:07:58,811 --> 00:08:00,413 WE HAVE TWO DIFFERENT HARVESTS 257 00:08:00,413 --> 00:08:03,382 AND EVALUATING THE GROWTH OF 258 00:08:03,382 --> 00:08:04,817 PLANTS UNDER TWO WAVE LENGTHS OF 259 00:08:04,817 --> 00:08:05,051 LIGHT. 260 00:08:05,051 --> 00:08:08,087 ONE WAS RED AND ONE WAS BLUE AND 261 00:08:08,087 --> 00:08:09,622 FERTILIZERS IN THE ROOT MAT. 262 00:08:09,622 --> 00:08:11,224 LIKE I MENTIONED IT'S GOING TO 263 00:08:11,224 --> 00:08:13,292 BE IMPORTANT TO GROW AND PROVIDE 264 00:08:13,292 --> 00:08:15,494 A FOOD SOURCE FOR DEEP SPACE 265 00:08:15,494 --> 00:08:18,564 MISSIONS AND THAT HAD A LOT OF 266 00:08:18,564 --> 00:08:19,498 PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT. 267 00:08:19,498 --> 00:08:21,400 JUST LIKE THE SMELL OF FRESHLY 268 00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:24,337 BAKED COOKIE, IT WAS SATISFYING 269 00:08:24,337 --> 00:08:26,339 FOR ME TO TAKE CARE OF THE 270 00:08:26,339 --> 00:08:27,773 PLANTS AND SEE SOMETHING ALIVE 271 00:08:27,773 --> 00:08:28,441 AND GROWING. 272 00:08:28,441 --> 00:08:29,308 EVERYTHING ELSE WE HAVE IS 273 00:08:29,308 --> 00:08:31,110 PACKAGED FOOD, WE DON'T HAVE 274 00:08:31,110 --> 00:08:32,245 PLANTS, WE DON'T HAVE NATURE 275 00:08:32,245 --> 00:08:34,113 AROUND US HERE AND THAT WAS A 276 00:08:34,113 --> 00:08:35,047 CRITICAL PART OF THE EXPERIMENT, 277 00:08:35,047 --> 00:08:36,349 SEEING HOW THE INTERACTIONS OF 278 00:08:36,349 --> 00:08:38,417 GROWING AND TAKING CARE OF THOSE 279 00:08:38,417 --> 00:08:40,152 PLANTS, WATERING THEM EVERY DAY, 280 00:08:40,152 --> 00:08:42,622 HAVING THE SENSATION, THE 281 00:08:42,622 --> 00:08:43,823 TEXTURE OF THE PLANTS AND 282 00:08:43,823 --> 00:08:45,358 GETTING TO EAT THEM AS A SALAD. 283 00:08:45,358 --> 00:08:48,427 THAT DID A LOT FOR OUR 284 00:08:48,427 --> 00:08:52,398 PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT AS WELL. 285 00:08:52,398 --> 00:08:54,033 >> HI, I'M ELENA. 286 00:08:54,033 --> 00:08:56,235 HOW DID YOU GET UP TO THE ISS 287 00:08:56,235 --> 00:08:58,771 AND HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN 288 00:08:58,771 --> 00:08:58,971 THERE? 289 00:08:58,971 --> 00:09:02,508 >> I THINK YOU ASKED HOW DID I 290 00:09:02,508 --> 00:09:06,812 GET UP TO THE ISS AND HOW LONG 291 00:09:06,812 --> 00:09:08,547 DO I SPEND. 292 00:09:08,547 --> 00:09:11,484 I CAME UP JUST LIKE ALL SINCE 293 00:09:11,484 --> 00:09:14,954 THE SPACE SHUTTLE RETIRED, WE 294 00:09:14,954 --> 00:09:19,292 FLY UP ON THE SOYUZ ROCKET AND 295 00:09:19,292 --> 00:09:19,592 SPACECRAFT. 296 00:09:19,592 --> 00:09:22,128 IT TAKES TRAINING IN RUSSIA IN 297 00:09:22,128 --> 00:09:27,333 STAR CITY, WHICH IS THE TRAINING 298 00:09:27,333 --> 00:09:30,603 CENTER WHERE OUR RUSSIAN 299 00:09:30,603 --> 00:09:31,203 COSMONAUTS WORK. 300 00:09:31,203 --> 00:09:34,473 I SPENT A LOT OF TIME IN RUSSIA 301 00:09:34,473 --> 00:09:37,109 LEARNING HOW TO CO-PILOT THE 302 00:09:37,109 --> 00:09:37,543 SPACECRAFT. 303 00:09:37,543 --> 00:09:46,585 WE WENT FROM BAIKINOUR WHERE IT 304 00:09:46,585 --> 00:09:48,387 LATCHED AND I'VE BEEN HERE SINCE 305 00:09:48,387 --> 00:09:50,289 SEPTEMBER 25TH. 306 00:09:50,289 --> 00:09:52,325 I'LL BE HERE ANOTHER FEW MONTHS 307 00:09:52,325 --> 00:09:54,961 AND ABOUT A SEVEN MONTH MISSION. 308 00:09:54,961 --> 00:09:56,829 IT'S GOING QUICKLY AND I WILL 309 00:09:56,829 --> 00:09:58,331 TELL YOU. 310 00:09:58,331 --> 00:10:00,700 I'M NOT LOOKING FORWARD TO 311 00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:02,201 LEAVING SOON, THERE'S A LOT OF 312 00:10:02,201 --> 00:10:03,069 EXCITEMENT AND ADVENTURE UP 313 00:10:03,069 --> 00:10:04,804 HERE, I'LL BE SAD TO LEAVE IT 314 00:10:04,804 --> 00:10:05,271 ALL BEHIND. 315 00:10:05,271 --> 00:10:06,973 >> THANK YOU. 316 00:10:06,973 --> 00:10:09,608 >> HI, HOW DO YOU TALK TO YOUR 317 00:10:09,608 --> 00:10:11,978 FAMILY, KIDS OR FRIENDS FROM 318 00:10:11,978 --> 00:10:12,178 SPACE? 319 00:10:12,178 --> 00:10:16,983 >> SO AGAIN, ALONG THESE LINES 320 00:10:16,983 --> 00:10:18,317 OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT. 321 00:10:18,317 --> 00:10:19,618 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT OUR 322 00:10:19,618 --> 00:10:20,953 AMAZING GROUND TEAMS DO FOR US 323 00:10:20,953 --> 00:10:22,054 IS TO MAINTAIN THOSE CONTACTS 324 00:10:22,054 --> 00:10:22,989 WITH OUR FAMILY. 325 00:10:22,989 --> 00:10:24,590 JUST LIKE THE COOKIES, JUST LIKE 326 00:10:24,590 --> 00:10:26,092 THE LETTUCE, IT'S IMPORTANT FOR 327 00:10:26,092 --> 00:10:27,827 US TO KEEP THOSE CONNECTIONS FOR 328 00:10:27,827 --> 00:10:29,061 OUR MENTAL HEALTH AND OUR 329 00:10:29,061 --> 00:10:30,696 WELL-BEING, SO WE ACTUALLY HAVE 330 00:10:30,696 --> 00:10:32,064 WEEKLY FAMILY CONFERENCES WITH 331 00:10:32,064 --> 00:10:34,300 OUR LOVED ONES AND WE CAN EVEN 332 00:10:34,300 --> 00:10:35,601 ROTATE THROUGH DIFFERENT PEOPLE 333 00:10:35,601 --> 00:10:36,235 IF WE WANT. 334 00:10:36,235 --> 00:10:38,304 FOR EXAMPLE FOR ME, I'VE HAD 335 00:10:38,304 --> 00:10:39,238 THOSE CONFERENCES WITH MANY 336 00:10:39,238 --> 00:10:41,140 DIFFERENT PEOPLE, MY MOM, MY 337 00:10:41,140 --> 00:10:43,242 SIBLINGS AND OTHER FRIENDS, TOO. 338 00:10:43,242 --> 00:10:44,377 OTHER PEOPLE ARE TALKING TO 339 00:10:44,377 --> 00:10:45,745 THEIR SPOUSES TO THEIR CHILDREN 340 00:10:45,745 --> 00:10:48,481 AND IT'S A TWO-WAY VIDEO CHAT 341 00:10:48,481 --> 00:10:49,882 JUST LIKE SKYPE OR FACE-TIME 342 00:10:49,882 --> 00:10:52,518 WOULD BE AND WE'RE ALLOCATED ONE 343 00:10:52,518 --> 00:10:54,253 PER WEEK AND SOMETIMES WE GET 344 00:10:54,253 --> 00:10:56,455 EXTRA ONES IF IT'S SOMEBODY'S 345 00:10:56,455 --> 00:10:58,457 BIRTHDAY OR A HOLIDAY AND WE 346 00:10:58,457 --> 00:11:00,026 HAVE TIME TO CONNECT ON A 347 00:11:00,026 --> 00:11:01,761 PERSONAL LEVEL WITH OUR LOVED 348 00:11:01,761 --> 00:11:01,961 ONES. 349 00:11:01,961 --> 00:11:03,863 WE ALSO MAKE PHONE CALLS AND 350 00:11:03,863 --> 00:11:05,031 WITHOUT THE VIDEO PORTION, BUT 351 00:11:05,031 --> 00:11:07,199 WE CAN CALL FROM A COMPUTER 352 00:11:07,199 --> 00:11:08,067 PROGRAM AS WELL. 353 00:11:08,067 --> 00:11:09,468 WE CAN CALL A CELL PHONE AND IF 354 00:11:09,468 --> 00:11:10,970 WE NEED TO TALK TO ANYBODY ON 355 00:11:10,970 --> 00:11:12,104 THE GROUND, THEN WE CAN CALL 356 00:11:12,104 --> 00:11:13,939 THEM AND DO THAT AND CATCH UP A 357 00:11:13,939 --> 00:11:15,307 BIT ON THE PHONE. 358 00:11:15,307 --> 00:11:16,709 THE NICE THING IS WE CAN STAY IN 359 00:11:16,709 --> 00:11:18,144 GOOD CONTACT WITH OUR FAMILY AND 360 00:11:18,144 --> 00:11:21,280 FRIENDS WHILE WE'RE UP HERE. 361 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:28,687 >> HELLO, MY NAME IS TAYLOR AND 362 00:11:28,687 --> 00:11:32,491 HOW DO YOU BECOME AN ASTRONAUT. 363 00:11:32,491 --> 00:11:34,593 DID YOU KNOW WHEN YOU WERE A 364 00:11:34,593 --> 00:11:34,994 KID? 365 00:11:34,994 --> 00:11:36,662 IF YOU WEREN'T AN ASTRONAUT, 366 00:11:36,662 --> 00:11:37,396 WHAT WOULD YOU BE? 367 00:11:37,396 --> 00:11:40,366 >> I ACTUALLY DID WANT TO BE AN 368 00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:41,801 ASTRONAUT MY ENTIRE LIFE PRETTY 369 00:11:41,801 --> 00:11:42,134 MUCH. 370 00:11:42,134 --> 00:11:43,702 I STARTED SAYING IT WHEN I WAS 371 00:11:43,702 --> 00:11:44,537 FIVE YEARS OLD. 372 00:11:44,537 --> 00:11:45,738 I'M NOT SURE EXACTLY WHY. 373 00:11:45,738 --> 00:11:47,573 ONE OF THE THINGS I WAS VERY 374 00:11:47,573 --> 00:11:49,708 FASCINATED WITH SCIENCE AND WITH 375 00:11:49,708 --> 00:11:52,078 NATURE AROUND ME AND REALLY JUST 376 00:11:52,078 --> 00:11:54,080 THIS WHOLE SCHEME AND THIS WHOLE 377 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:56,148 IDEA OF EXPLORATION, AND TO ME I 378 00:11:56,148 --> 00:11:58,384 JUST WANTED TO FIND OUT MORE 379 00:11:58,384 --> 00:11:59,852 ABOUT EVERYTHING AROUND ME SO IN 380 00:11:59,852 --> 00:12:02,154 ADDITION TO WANTING TO BE AN 381 00:12:02,154 --> 00:12:02,688 ASTRONAUT. 382 00:12:02,688 --> 00:12:04,390 BIOLOGY WAS MY FAVORITE SUBJECT. 383 00:12:04,390 --> 00:12:06,625 I WAS JUST REALLY FASCINATED BY 384 00:12:06,625 --> 00:12:09,695 THE REMARKABLE DIVERSITY IN THE 385 00:12:09,695 --> 00:12:11,597 ANIMAL KINGDOM, IN THE PLANTS 386 00:12:11,597 --> 00:12:13,632 AND ANIMALS ALL AROUND ME SO I 387 00:12:13,632 --> 00:12:15,000 ACTUALLY DID HAVE A PREVIOUS 388 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:16,469 CAREER BEFORE BECOMING AN 389 00:12:16,469 --> 00:12:17,036 ASTRONAUT. 390 00:12:17,036 --> 00:12:18,204 ACTUALLY ALL OF US DO. 391 00:12:18,204 --> 00:12:19,939 WE ALL GET SELECTED TO BE 392 00:12:19,939 --> 00:12:21,140 ASTRONAUTS AFTER WE HAVE ALREADY 393 00:12:21,140 --> 00:12:21,774 HAD ANOTHER CAREER. 394 00:12:21,774 --> 00:12:25,411 SO FOR ME, I WAS WORKING AS A 395 00:12:25,411 --> 00:12:27,947 SCIENTIST, AS A COMPARATIVE 396 00:12:27,947 --> 00:12:29,215 PHYSIOLOGIST, MEANING I WAS 397 00:12:29,215 --> 00:12:31,484 LOOKING AT THE PHYSIOLOGY OF 398 00:12:31,484 --> 00:12:32,852 ANIMALS AND SPECIFICALLY AT 399 00:12:32,852 --> 00:12:35,020 PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMALS IN EXTREME 400 00:12:35,020 --> 00:12:35,354 ENVIRONMENTS. 401 00:12:35,354 --> 00:12:37,356 SO I WAS REALLY INTERESTED IN 402 00:12:37,356 --> 00:12:39,658 ANIMALS THAT LIVE AND PERFORM IN 403 00:12:39,658 --> 00:12:40,893 EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS LIKE DEEP 404 00:12:40,893 --> 00:12:45,397 DIVING ENUNDERWATER, SEALS AND 405 00:12:45,397 --> 00:12:49,401 PENGUINS IN THE ANTI-ARCTIC AND 406 00:12:49,401 --> 00:12:51,704 HIGH ALTERNATIVE ANIMALS, THAT 407 00:12:51,704 --> 00:12:53,572 LIVE IN HIGH ALTITUDE MORE 408 00:12:53,572 --> 00:12:55,174 CHALLENGING THAN AT SEA LEVEL. 409 00:12:55,174 --> 00:12:55,908 THE THINGS THAT BOTH 410 00:12:55,908 --> 00:12:59,979 ENVIRONMENTS HAVE IN COMMON, LOW 411 00:12:59,979 --> 00:13:01,981 LEVELS OF OXYGEN. 412 00:13:01,981 --> 00:13:08,854 IF YOU'RE A DIVING EMPORER 413 00:13:08,854 --> 00:13:10,389 PENGUIN, OR A SEAL. 414 00:13:10,389 --> 00:13:12,558 A SEAL CAN DIVE FOR TWO HOURS. 415 00:13:12,558 --> 00:13:14,560 HOW THE ANIMALS CAN EXHIBIT 416 00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:15,327 INCREDIBLE BEHAVIORS AND 417 00:13:15,327 --> 00:13:16,495 SPECIFICALLY HOW THEY MANAGE 418 00:13:16,495 --> 00:13:18,797 THEIR OXYGEN STORES JUST LIKE WE 419 00:13:18,797 --> 00:13:23,802 DO AS HUMANS TO BREATHE. 420 00:13:23,802 --> 00:13:32,077 >> HI, MY NAME IS EMILY AND WHEN 421 00:13:32,077 --> 00:13:33,245 DO YOU YOU THINK NORMAL PEOPLE 422 00:13:33,245 --> 00:13:35,848 OR NON-ASTRONAUTS WILL BE ABLE 423 00:13:35,848 --> 00:13:36,916 TO VISIT SPACE? 424 00:13:36,916 --> 00:13:40,886 >> WELL, WE DO STILL CONSIDER 425 00:13:40,886 --> 00:13:42,454 OURSELVES NORMAL PEOPLE, EVEN 426 00:13:42,454 --> 00:13:43,923 THOUGH WE ARE ALSO ASTRONAUTS. 427 00:13:43,923 --> 00:13:45,391 I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE 428 00:13:45,391 --> 00:13:47,459 INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT OUR 429 00:13:47,459 --> 00:13:47,860 JOB. 430 00:13:47,860 --> 00:13:49,328 WE ALL WERE ONCE CHILDREN JUST 431 00:13:49,328 --> 00:13:50,329 LIKE YOU. 432 00:13:50,329 --> 00:13:52,231 WE ALL CAME FROM VERY DIFFERENT 433 00:13:52,231 --> 00:13:53,732 BACKGROUNDS AND FROM DIFFERENT 434 00:13:53,732 --> 00:13:55,334 PLACES, AND YOU KNOW, I THINK IS 435 00:13:55,334 --> 00:13:56,702 REALLY IS A TESTAMENT TO SHOW 436 00:13:56,702 --> 00:13:58,537 THAT ANYBODY CAN DO IT, ANYBODY 437 00:13:58,537 --> 00:14:00,005 CAN REALLY DO WHAT THEY SET 438 00:14:00,005 --> 00:14:01,507 THEIR MINDS OUT TO. 439 00:14:01,507 --> 00:14:03,509 AND INCLUDING NOW, I THINK IN 440 00:14:03,509 --> 00:14:05,444 THE VERY NEAR FUTURE, SPACE IS 441 00:14:05,444 --> 00:14:06,946 BECOMING MORE AND MORE AVAILABLE 442 00:14:06,946 --> 00:14:08,080 TO EVERYBODY. 443 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:10,049 NOT JUST ASTRONAUTS. 444 00:14:10,049 --> 00:14:10,883 WE ALREADY-- 445 00:14:10,883 --> 00:14:13,018 THERE ARE ALREADY SEVERAL 446 00:14:13,018 --> 00:14:13,953 DIFFERENT COMPANIES ON THE 447 00:14:13,953 --> 00:14:17,623 GROUND THAT ARE DOING SORT OF 448 00:14:17,623 --> 00:14:19,458 COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS, WHETHER 449 00:14:19,458 --> 00:14:29,468 THEY'RE SUBORBITAL, WHETHER TO 450 00:14:29,468 --> 00:14:30,135 IT'S THE SPACE STATION AND I 451 00:14:30,135 --> 00:14:31,604 THINK AS MORE AND MORE COMPANIES 452 00:14:31,604 --> 00:14:32,905 GET INVOLVED IN THIS JUST LIKE 453 00:14:32,905 --> 00:14:34,907 ANYTHING ELSE, THE COST WILL 454 00:14:34,907 --> 00:14:37,243 COME DOWN AND IT WILL START 455 00:14:37,243 --> 00:14:37,743 BECOMING MORE AND MORE 456 00:14:37,743 --> 00:14:40,946 ACCESSIBLE TO AS YOU SAY, NORMAL 457 00:14:40,946 --> 00:14:43,148 PEOPLE ON THE GROUND. 458 00:14:43,148 --> 00:14:45,217 >> THANK YOU. 459 00:14:45,217 --> 00:14:52,658 >> HI, MY NAME IS DANI POSH, 460 00:14:52,658 --> 00:14:54,326 DOES YOUR TECHNOLOGY WORK IN 461 00:14:54,326 --> 00:14:56,962 SPACE JUST LIKE IT DOES ON THE 462 00:14:56,962 --> 00:14:59,031 EARTH OR IS IT DIFFERENT? 463 00:14:59,031 --> 00:15:00,599 >> WELL THERE ARE EXAMPLES OF 464 00:15:00,599 --> 00:15:01,100 BOTH. 465 00:15:01,100 --> 00:15:02,268 THERE ARE CERTAIN THINGS THAT 466 00:15:02,268 --> 00:15:03,802 OPERATE EXACTLY LIKE THEY DO ON 467 00:15:03,802 --> 00:15:05,271 THE GROUND BECAUSE WE DON'T NEED 468 00:15:05,271 --> 00:15:06,138 TO IMPLEMENT ANYTHING DIFFERENT 469 00:15:06,138 --> 00:15:07,640 SO I WOULD SAY, FOR EXAMPLE, THE 470 00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:09,608 EQUIPMENT THAT WE'RE USING RIGHT 471 00:15:09,608 --> 00:15:11,610 NOW, THIS IS A NORMAL VIDEO 472 00:15:11,610 --> 00:15:13,178 CAMERA, A NORMAL MICROPHONE AND 473 00:15:13,178 --> 00:15:14,546 A NORMAL RECEIVER AND 474 00:15:14,546 --> 00:15:15,447 TRANSMITTER SYSTEM. 475 00:15:15,447 --> 00:15:17,182 WE'RE USING SATELLITES TO SEND 476 00:15:17,182 --> 00:15:18,017 THESE SIGNALS DOWN TO THE GROUND 477 00:15:18,017 --> 00:15:19,618 AND ALL OF THAT IS REALLY THE 478 00:15:19,618 --> 00:15:21,120 SAME KIND OF TECHNOLOGY THAT IS 479 00:15:21,120 --> 00:15:22,354 USED ON THE GROUND. 480 00:15:22,354 --> 00:15:24,056 BUT THEN THERE ARE DIFFERENCES 481 00:15:24,056 --> 00:15:24,990 AS WELL BECAUSE THERE ARE SOME 482 00:15:24,990 --> 00:15:27,426 FACTORS THAT ARE UNIQUE UP HERE 483 00:15:27,426 --> 00:15:28,761 IN MICROGRAVITY WHEN WE DON'T 484 00:15:28,761 --> 00:15:30,496 HAVE THE ELEMENT OF GRAVITY THAT 485 00:15:30,496 --> 00:15:31,764 DRIVES EVERYTHING ON THE GROUND. 486 00:15:31,764 --> 00:15:34,600 AND AN EXAMPLE FOR THAT IS THIS 487 00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:36,135 ZERO G OVEN WE WERE TALKING 488 00:15:36,135 --> 00:15:37,469 ABOUT TODAY. 489 00:15:37,469 --> 00:15:39,872 SO THERE WERE CERTAIN TYPES OF 490 00:15:39,872 --> 00:15:44,076 OVENS ON THE GROUND CONVECTION 491 00:15:44,076 --> 00:15:45,377 OVENS THAT USE FANS FOR 492 00:15:45,377 --> 00:15:45,844 CONVECTION. 493 00:15:45,844 --> 00:15:48,147 I'M SURE YOU'VE LEARNED WHAT 494 00:15:48,147 --> 00:15:50,416 CONVECTION IS IN SCHOOL, IT'S A 495 00:15:50,416 --> 00:15:52,084 NATURAL MOVEMENT OF AIR ON EARTH 496 00:15:52,084 --> 00:15:53,519 BECAUSE HOT AIR RISES AS I'M 497 00:15:53,519 --> 00:15:56,255 SURE YOU'VE HEARD AND THAT 498 00:15:56,255 --> 00:15:58,090 CREATES A NATURAL FLOW OF AIR AS 499 00:15:58,090 --> 00:16:00,259 THE HOT AIR RISES AND YOU HAVE 500 00:16:00,259 --> 00:16:02,594 THIS CYCLE OF MOVING AIR. 501 00:16:02,594 --> 00:16:05,264 NOW, UP HERE WITH MICROGRAVITY, 502 00:16:05,264 --> 00:16:06,598 THERE IS NO CONVECTION BECAUSE 503 00:16:06,598 --> 00:16:08,400 HOT AIR DOES NOT RISE WITHOUT 504 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:08,834 GRAVITY. 505 00:16:08,834 --> 00:16:11,537 SO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE 506 00:16:11,537 --> 00:16:15,541 ZERO G OVEN RELIES ON, IT'S 507 00:16:15,541 --> 00:16:18,077 BASICALLY USING ELECTRICAL 508 00:16:18,077 --> 00:16:19,945 HEATING ELEMENTS FOR EVERYTHING 509 00:16:19,945 --> 00:16:21,680 THE OVEN NEEDS TO OPERATE. 510 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:23,015 THEY'RE PROVIDING THE HEAT FOR 511 00:16:23,015 --> 00:16:26,151 THIS OVEN AND IT'S HEATING UP TO 512 00:16:26,151 --> 00:16:27,453 350 DEGREES TYPICAL FOR WHAT 513 00:16:27,453 --> 00:16:30,289 YOU'D USE FOR BAKING ON THE 514 00:16:30,289 --> 00:16:30,522 GROUND. 515 00:16:30,522 --> 00:16:37,196 >> THANK YOU. 516 00:16:37,196 --> 00:16:40,299 >> HI, I'M CONGRESSMAN DAN 517 00:16:40,299 --> 00:16:42,601 KILDEE, I REPRESENT ALL OF THESE 518 00:16:42,601 --> 00:16:42,835 PEOPLE. 519 00:16:42,835 --> 00:16:44,269 THIS MIGHT BE THE COOLEST THING 520 00:16:44,269 --> 00:16:45,604 I'VE EVER DONE AS A MEMBER OF 521 00:16:45,604 --> 00:16:47,005 CONGRESS SO THANK YOU FOR THIS. 522 00:16:47,005 --> 00:16:49,908 I WONDER IF YOU MIGHT TELL US A 523 00:16:49,908 --> 00:16:50,909 LITTLE ABOUT WHY YOU THINK IT'S 524 00:16:50,909 --> 00:16:53,078 SO IMPORTANT FOR US TO CONTINUE 525 00:16:53,078 --> 00:16:54,913 OUR COMMITMENT TO SPACE 526 00:16:54,913 --> 00:16:56,949 EXPLORATION AND SECONDLY, HOW 527 00:16:56,949 --> 00:16:59,017 HAS THIS EXPERIENCE CHANGED THE 528 00:16:59,017 --> 00:17:02,454 WAY YOU VIEW THE EARTH AND HOW 529 00:17:02,454 --> 00:17:06,325 HAS IT CHANGED YOU, IF IT HAS, 530 00:17:06,325 --> 00:17:07,059 AS AN INDIVIDUAL. 531 00:17:07,059 --> 00:17:08,827 >> WOW, THOSE ARE SOME REALLY 532 00:17:08,827 --> 00:17:10,129 BIG QUESTIONS, BUT I'M HAPPY TO 533 00:17:10,129 --> 00:17:10,996 TALK ABOUT THAT AND THANK YOU 534 00:17:10,996 --> 00:17:12,197 FOR ALL OF YOUR SUPPORT. 535 00:17:12,197 --> 00:17:14,433 OF COURSE WE WOULDN'T BE HERE IF 536 00:17:14,433 --> 00:17:15,401 IT WEREN'T FOR EVERYTHING THAT 537 00:17:15,401 --> 00:17:18,537 YOU DO FOR US ON THE GROUND. 538 00:17:18,537 --> 00:17:20,873 I THINK THAT SPACE EXPLORATION 539 00:17:20,873 --> 00:17:22,775 IS REALLY TO ME AN INHERENT PART 540 00:17:22,775 --> 00:17:24,710 OF US AS A HUMAN SPECIES, WE 541 00:17:24,710 --> 00:17:26,111 HAVE THIS DESIRE TO EXPLORE, TO 542 00:17:26,111 --> 00:17:27,346 GO FURTHER, TO LOOK AROUND THE 543 00:17:27,346 --> 00:17:29,281 CORNER AND IF WE DIDN'T HAVE 544 00:17:29,281 --> 00:17:30,616 THAT AS HUMANS, WE WOULD HAVE 545 00:17:30,616 --> 00:17:32,618 NEVER EVEN EXPLORED THE WHOLE 546 00:17:32,618 --> 00:17:32,851 EARTH. 547 00:17:32,851 --> 00:17:34,153 WE WOULD HAVE NEVER VENTURED OUT 548 00:17:34,153 --> 00:17:36,088 IN SAILING SHIPS TO SEE WHAT WAS 549 00:17:36,088 --> 00:17:37,890 AROUND THE CORNER AND NEVER 550 00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:39,024 WOULD HAVE DISCOVERED THE 551 00:17:39,024 --> 00:17:39,324 CONTINENTS. 552 00:17:39,324 --> 00:17:41,160 SO I THINK IT IS JUST A NORMAL 553 00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:42,895 AND NATURAL INHERENT PART OF US 554 00:17:42,895 --> 00:17:44,596 AS HUMANS AND I THINK IT'S VERY 555 00:17:44,596 --> 00:17:46,365 IMPORTANT IN ORDER FOR US TO 556 00:17:46,365 --> 00:17:50,235 PROGRESS AS A SOCIETY, AS A 557 00:17:50,235 --> 00:17:50,569 CIVILIZATION. 558 00:17:50,569 --> 00:17:52,070 I ALSO THINK THE SCIENTIFIC 559 00:17:52,070 --> 00:17:53,806 IMPACTS, EVEN ONES THAT WE DON'T 560 00:17:53,806 --> 00:17:55,240 FORSEE, ARE VERY, VERY 561 00:17:55,240 --> 00:17:55,541 IMPORTANT. 562 00:17:55,541 --> 00:17:57,009 YOU KNOW, THAT'S ONE OF THE MOST 563 00:17:57,009 --> 00:17:58,677 IMPORTANT THINGS THAT WE KNOW AS 564 00:17:58,677 --> 00:18:00,813 SCIENTISTS IS THAT SOMETIMES THE 565 00:18:00,813 --> 00:18:02,314 UNINTENDED RESULTS, THE 566 00:18:02,314 --> 00:18:03,782 UNANTICIPATED RESULTS ARE OFTEN 567 00:18:03,782 --> 00:18:05,384 THE MOST FRUITFUL ONES. 568 00:18:05,384 --> 00:18:07,653 MAYBE NOT JUST LOOKING AT THE 569 00:18:07,653 --> 00:18:09,087 QUESTION OF A HYPOTHESIS THAT 570 00:18:09,087 --> 00:18:10,956 YOU'RE ASKING, YOU MAY UNFOLD 571 00:18:10,956 --> 00:18:14,860 AND UNCOVER A WHOLE DIFFERENT 572 00:18:14,860 --> 00:18:15,761 REALM OF ANSWERS TO SOMETHING 573 00:18:15,761 --> 00:18:17,463 YOU WEREN'T LOOKING AT AND BASIC 574 00:18:17,463 --> 00:18:19,298 SCIENCE ALLOWS THOSE THINGS TO 575 00:18:19,298 --> 00:18:19,631 HAPPEN. 576 00:18:19,631 --> 00:18:21,733 THE BASIC SCIENCE WE ACCOMPLISH 577 00:18:21,733 --> 00:18:23,635 HERE ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 578 00:18:23,635 --> 00:18:25,103 STATION, FOR EXAMPLE, IS REALLY 579 00:18:25,103 --> 00:18:27,005 IMPORTANT WE'RE REALLY LOOKING 580 00:18:27,005 --> 00:18:29,341 AT THINGS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 581 00:18:29,341 --> 00:18:32,411 SPACE, WE'RE LOOKING AT THE EVER 582 00:18:32,411 --> 00:18:34,980 PRESENT VARIABLE OF GRAVITY, 583 00:18:34,980 --> 00:18:35,848 ALWAYS DRIVING AND PERHAPS 584 00:18:35,848 --> 00:18:37,115 MASKING SOME OTHER PROCESSES ON 585 00:18:37,115 --> 00:18:37,683 THE GROUND. 586 00:18:37,683 --> 00:18:39,852 WHO KNOWS WHAT WE'LL UNCOVER UP 587 00:18:39,852 --> 00:18:40,052 HERE. 588 00:18:40,052 --> 00:18:41,487 SO I THINK TO ME PERSONALLY 589 00:18:41,487 --> 00:18:42,788 THOSE ARE THE TWO MAIN REASONS 590 00:18:42,788 --> 00:18:44,556 WHY I THINK THAT SPACE 591 00:18:44,556 --> 00:18:45,991 EXPLORATION IS SO IMPORTANT. 592 00:18:45,991 --> 00:18:50,496 AND IT DOES CHANGE YOUR YOU AS 593 00:18:50,496 --> 00:18:51,497 A PERSON UP HERE. 594 00:18:51,497 --> 00:18:52,831 THIS IS SOMETHING I THOUGHT OF 595 00:18:52,831 --> 00:18:54,099 MY ENTIRE LIFE. 596 00:18:54,099 --> 00:18:55,868 REALLY IN TWO DIFFERENT MAIN 597 00:18:55,868 --> 00:18:56,235 REALMS. 598 00:18:56,235 --> 00:18:57,669 I'VE HEARD IT DESCRIBED TO ME 599 00:18:57,669 --> 00:18:58,604 FROM PREVIOUS ASTRONAUTS THAT 600 00:18:58,604 --> 00:19:00,105 HAVE FLOWN UP HERE AND THE 601 00:19:00,105 --> 00:19:00,806 IMPACT IT HAS. 602 00:19:00,806 --> 00:19:02,808 WHEN YOU LOOK BACK ON THE EARTH 603 00:19:02,808 --> 00:19:03,909 FOR THE VERY FIRST TIME WITH 604 00:19:03,909 --> 00:19:07,145 YOUR OWN EYES, THAT WAS QUITE A 605 00:19:07,145 --> 00:19:08,947 PROFOUND RESULT DURING APOLLO 606 00:19:08,947 --> 00:19:10,315 MISSIONS WHEN HUMANS FIRST WENT 607 00:19:10,315 --> 00:19:11,817 TO THE MOON AND FIRST LOOKED 608 00:19:11,817 --> 00:19:13,785 BACK ON OUR PLANET FROM THE 609 00:19:13,785 --> 00:19:15,787 OUTSIDE, AND THAT WAS REALLY 610 00:19:15,787 --> 00:19:18,290 PIVOTAL IN ONE WAY FOR STARTING 611 00:19:18,290 --> 00:19:19,691 THE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT. 612 00:19:19,691 --> 00:19:22,027 WHEN HUMANS LOOKED BACK AND SAW 613 00:19:22,027 --> 00:19:23,495 THIS VERY THIN BAND OF THE 614 00:19:23,495 --> 00:19:24,930 ATMOSPHERE AROUND THE EARTH AND 615 00:19:24,930 --> 00:19:27,766 REALIZED HOW SPECIAL AND UNIQUE 616 00:19:27,766 --> 00:19:29,101 OUR HOME PLANET WAS AND THAT WE 617 00:19:29,101 --> 00:19:31,103 REALLY NEED TO PROTECT IT, NEED 618 00:19:31,103 --> 00:19:33,739 TO TAKE CARE OF THE ATMOSPHERE 619 00:19:33,739 --> 00:19:35,374 AND TAKE CARE OF THE LAND MASSES 620 00:19:35,374 --> 00:19:37,743 AND WATER AND OUR OCEANS, IT'S 621 00:19:37,743 --> 00:19:38,610 SPECIAL AND FRAGILE. 622 00:19:38,610 --> 00:19:39,945 WHEN YOU LOOK BACK ON THE EARTH 623 00:19:39,945 --> 00:19:41,580 WITH YOUR OWN EYES AND YOU SEE 624 00:19:41,580 --> 00:19:43,649 THAT, YOU SEE THIS FRAGILE BLUE 625 00:19:43,649 --> 00:19:45,183 BALL DOWN THERE IN ITS ENTIRETY 626 00:19:45,183 --> 00:19:46,485 WITH EVERYTHING YOU KNOW, EVERY 627 00:19:46,485 --> 00:19:48,020 EXPERIENCE YOU'VE EVER HAD, 628 00:19:48,020 --> 00:19:49,588 EVERY PLACE, EVERY PERSON IS 629 00:19:49,588 --> 00:19:52,224 DOWN THERE IN ITS ENTIRETY, YOU 630 00:19:52,224 --> 00:19:53,792 REALLY, IT REALLY DOES GIVE YOU 631 00:19:53,792 --> 00:19:55,193 A PROFOUNDLY DIFFERENT FEELING 632 00:19:55,193 --> 00:19:56,762 FOR YOUR PLACE IN IT. 633 00:19:56,762 --> 00:19:59,665 AND THAT'S REALLY THE SECOND-- 634 00:19:59,665 --> 00:20:01,867 THE SECOND MAIN ROLE TO ME OTHER 635 00:20:01,867 --> 00:20:03,669 THAN REALIZING OUR PRECIOUS OUR 636 00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:06,538 PLANET IS REALIZING HOW REALLY 637 00:20:06,538 --> 00:20:07,439 INSIGNIFICANT WE ARE AS HUMANS 638 00:20:07,439 --> 00:20:09,608 AND EVEN AS AN ENTIRE PLANET IN 639 00:20:09,608 --> 00:20:13,278 THE GRAND SCHEME OF OUR SOLAR 640 00:20:13,278 --> 00:20:14,713 SYSTEM AND OUR UNIVERSE AND HOW 641 00:20:14,713 --> 00:20:15,981 IMPORTANT IT IS TO HAVE THAT 642 00:20:15,981 --> 00:20:16,415 PERSPECTIVE. 643 00:20:16,415 --> 00:20:18,116 I THINK AS HUMANS IT'S VERY EASY 644 00:20:18,116 --> 00:20:21,553 FOR US TO GET CAUGHT UP IN SMALL 645 00:20:21,553 --> 00:20:26,825 THINGS, SMALL MINUTIA THAT DON'T 646 00:20:26,825 --> 00:20:27,059 MATTER. 647 00:20:27,059 --> 00:20:28,694 IT'S A HUMAN CHARACTERISTIC TO 648 00:20:28,694 --> 00:20:30,262 FEEL THAT WAY, BUT IT'S 649 00:20:30,262 --> 00:20:32,631 IMPORTANT TO TAKE A STEP BACK TO 650 00:20:32,631 --> 00:20:33,699 GAIN THAT PERSPECTIVE AND 651 00:20:33,699 --> 00:20:35,601 REALIZE THAT WE'RE ALL PART OF 652 00:20:35,601 --> 00:20:37,469 SOMETHING MUCH BIGGER AND WE'RE 653 00:20:37,469 --> 00:20:39,237 ALL IN THIS TOGETHER. 654 00:20:39,237 --> 00:20:40,973 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 655 00:20:40,973 --> 00:20:42,407 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH TO THE 656 00:20:42,407 --> 00:20:43,809 STUDENTS AND CONGRESSMAN KILDEE 657 00:20:43,809 --> 00:20:46,078 FOR YOUR QUESTIONS TODAY AND 658 00:20:46,078 --> 00:20:47,346 LET'S ALL THANK ASTRONAUT 659 00:20:47,346 --> 00:20:49,648 JESSICA FOR HER TIME WITH A BIG 660 00:20:49,648 --> 00:20:51,917 ROUND OF APPLAUSE. 661 00:20:51,917 --> 00:20:57,756 [APPLAUSE] 662 00:20:57,756 --> 00:20:58,724 [APPLAUSE] 663 00:20:58,724 --> 00:21:00,559 >> STATION, THIS IS HOUSTON, 664 00:21:00,559 --> 00:21:00,759 ACR. 665 00:21:00,759 --> 00:21:02,394 THAT CONCLUDES OUR EVENT AS WE 666 00:21:02,394 --> 00:21:04,630 COUNT DOWN TO 20 CONTINUOUS 667 00:21:04,630 --> 00:21:06,098 YEARS OF HUMANS LIVING AND 668 00:21:06,098 --> 00:21:06,865 WORKING ON THE INTERNATIONAL 669 00:21:06,865 --> 00:21:07,232 SPACE STATION. 670 00:21:07,232 --> 00:21:10,469 THANK YOU. 671 00:21:10,602 --> 00:21:11,770 >> THANK YOU TO ALL 672 00:21:11,770 --> 00:21:13,238 PARTICIPANTS FROM EAST MIDDLE 673 00:21:13,238 --> 00:21:13,605 SCHOOL. 674 00:21:13,605 --> 00:21:17,676 STATION, WE ARE NOW RESUMING 675 00:21:17,676 --> 00:21:37,029 AUDIO COMMUNICATIONS.