1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,403 >>> IGNITION SEQUENCE START. 2 00:00:03,403 --> 00:00:09,142 ♪ 3 00:00:09,142 --> 00:00:09,676 >> GOOD MORNING. 4 00:00:09,676 --> 00:00:11,811 WELCOME TO MISSION CONTROL 5 00:00:11,811 --> 00:00:12,679 HOUSTON AND THE INTERNATIONAL 6 00:00:12,679 --> 00:00:14,414 SPACE STATION FLIGHT CONTROL 7 00:00:14,414 --> 00:00:16,116 ROOM WHERE THE ORBIT TWO TEAM OF 8 00:00:16,116 --> 00:00:17,183 FLIGHT CONTROLLERS IS ON DUTY 9 00:00:17,183 --> 00:00:18,184 RIGHT NOW MONITORING THE 10 00:00:18,184 --> 00:00:19,819 STATION'S SYSTEMS ON ORBIT, 11 00:00:19,819 --> 00:00:21,020 WHILE GETTING SET FOR ACTIVITY 12 00:00:21,020 --> 00:00:23,123 COMING UP THIS WEEKEND. 13 00:00:23,123 --> 00:00:25,825 RIGHT NOW STATION COMMANDER IS 14 00:00:25,825 --> 00:00:27,160 BUSY WITH STATION MAINTENANCE, 15 00:00:27,160 --> 00:00:28,762 AND FLIGHT ENGINEERS DREW MORGAN 16 00:00:28,762 --> 00:00:31,030 AND JESSICA MEIR ARE OFF DUTY 17 00:00:31,030 --> 00:00:32,732 TODAY SINCE THEY WILL BE WORKING 18 00:00:32,732 --> 00:00:34,934 THIS WEEKEND TO WELCOME A NEW 19 00:00:34,934 --> 00:00:35,869 CARGO SHIP THAT'S SCHEDULED TO 20 00:00:35,869 --> 00:00:42,108 LAUNCH LATER TODAY. 21 00:00:42,108 --> 00:00:44,177 >> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND. 22 00:00:44,177 --> 00:00:47,680 I'M LEAH CHESHIRE. 23 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:49,149 COMING UP SOON, THE CYGNUS 24 00:00:49,149 --> 00:00:50,550 SPACECRAFT WILL ASCEND TO ITS 25 00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:52,619 KNEW PLACE IN SPACE AFTER RIDING 26 00:00:52,619 --> 00:01:02,162 AN ANTARES ROCKET. 27 00:01:02,162 --> 00:01:04,431 NORTHROP GRUMMAN IS SCHEDULED TO 28 00:01:04,431 --> 00:01:05,432 LAUNCH TODAY. 29 00:01:05,432 --> 00:01:07,400 LAUNCHING DURING BLACK HISTORY 30 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:09,102 MONTH, IT'S NAMED IN HONOR OF 31 00:01:09,102 --> 00:01:10,370 THE FIRST FEDERAL AMERICAN TO BE 32 00:01:10,370 --> 00:01:12,806 SELECTED AS AN ASTRONAUT. 33 00:01:12,806 --> 00:01:14,574 THE COMPANY'S RESUPPLY MISSION 34 00:01:14,574 --> 00:01:16,309 WILL DELIVER OVER 7,500 POUNDS 35 00:01:16,309 --> 00:01:18,978 OF CREW SUPPLIES, RESEARCH 36 00:01:18,978 --> 00:01:19,512 INVESTIGATIONS, SPACE WALK 37 00:01:19,512 --> 00:01:21,347 EQUIPMENT, AND MORE. 38 00:01:21,347 --> 00:01:23,082 CYGNUS WILL ARRIVE AT THE 39 00:01:23,082 --> 00:01:24,818 STATION ON FEBRUARY 16th, WHERE 40 00:01:24,818 --> 00:01:27,954 NASA ASTRONAUT JESSICA MEIR WILL 41 00:01:27,954 --> 00:01:28,488 MONITOR ITS APPROACH AND 42 00:01:28,488 --> 00:01:30,123 RENDEZVOUS BEFORE IT IS CAPTURED 43 00:01:30,123 --> 00:01:32,559 BY THE CANADA ARM 2, CONTROLLED 44 00:01:32,559 --> 00:01:33,460 BY ANDREW MORGAN. 45 00:01:33,460 --> 00:01:34,994 AS WE PLAN TO VENTURE FURTHER 46 00:01:34,994 --> 00:01:36,563 INTO SPACE, WE KNOW THAT 47 00:01:36,563 --> 00:01:37,797 INCREASED EXPOSURE TO RADIATION 48 00:01:37,797 --> 00:01:39,499 IN SPACE CAN POSE HEALTH HAZARDS 49 00:01:39,499 --> 00:01:40,967 FOR ASTRONAUTS. 50 00:01:40,967 --> 00:01:42,335 RESEARCH ON THE SPACE STATION 51 00:01:42,335 --> 00:01:43,903 MIGHT HELP US PREPARE FOR THOSE 52 00:01:43,903 --> 00:01:47,040 LONGER JOURNEYS. 53 00:01:47,040 --> 00:01:47,640 ASTRONAUT LONG-TERM HEALTH CAN 54 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:49,476 BE AFFECTED AS RADIATION MAY 55 00:01:49,476 --> 00:01:50,276 CAUSE DOUBLE STRAND BREAKS IN 56 00:01:50,276 --> 00:01:58,852 THEIR DNA. 57 00:01:58,852 --> 00:02:00,653 THE GENES IN SPACE EXPERIMENT 58 00:02:00,653 --> 00:02:03,389 DETERMINES THE OPTIMAL DNA 59 00:02:03,389 --> 00:02:04,557 REPAIR MECHANISM THAT'S SAFE TO 60 00:02:04,557 --> 00:02:05,992 USE IN A SPACE FLIGHT 61 00:02:05,992 --> 00:02:06,292 ENVIRONMENT. 62 00:02:06,292 --> 00:02:07,727 FOR THE FIRST TIME, THE ENTIRE 63 00:02:07,727 --> 00:02:09,529 DNA DAMAGE MUTATION AND REPAIR 64 00:02:09,529 --> 00:02:11,498 PROCESS IS BEING EVALUATED IN 65 00:02:11,498 --> 00:02:13,633 SPACE AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL. 66 00:02:13,633 --> 00:02:14,901 NOT ONLY WILL THIS RESEARCH HELP 67 00:02:14,901 --> 00:02:16,769 US PREPARE FOR LONG-DURATION 68 00:02:16,769 --> 00:02:17,971 MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND MARS, 69 00:02:17,971 --> 00:02:19,806 IT ALSO MAY HELP DEVELOP 70 00:02:19,806 --> 00:02:21,374 PROCEDURES TO PROTECT PEOPLE IN 71 00:02:21,374 --> 00:02:23,776 REMOTE AND HARSH LOCATIONS ON 72 00:02:23,776 --> 00:02:23,977 EARTH. 73 00:02:23,977 --> 00:02:24,944 THIS WEEK WE'RE HIGHLIGHTING 74 00:02:24,944 --> 00:02:26,980 JUST A FEW OF THE THOUSANDS OF 75 00:02:26,980 --> 00:02:29,949 MESSAGES WE'VE RECEIVED WITH THE 76 00:02:29,949 --> 00:02:31,818 HASHTAG CONGRATS CHRISTINA, 77 00:02:31,818 --> 00:02:34,320 AFTER CHRISTINA KOCH COMPLETED A 78 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:35,588 328-DAY MISSION TO THE 79 00:02:35,588 --> 00:02:37,724 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 80 00:02:37,724 --> 00:02:38,291 THE LONGEST SINGLE DURATION 81 00:02:38,291 --> 00:02:40,894 MISSION FOR A WOMAN. 82 00:02:40,894 --> 00:02:41,761 EZEKIEL SENT HIS CONGRATULATIONS 83 00:02:41,761 --> 00:02:43,463 BUT ADMITTED HE WOULD MISS 84 00:02:43,463 --> 00:02:45,431 SEEING CHRISTINA'S SPACE HAIR. 85 00:02:45,431 --> 00:02:47,600 EVAN RECALLED WATCHING THE FIRST 86 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:49,068 ALL-WOMAN SPACE WALK DURING 87 00:02:49,068 --> 00:02:51,004 WHICH CHRISTINA AND JESSICA MEIR 88 00:02:51,004 --> 00:02:53,172 VENTURED OUTSIDE THE STATION IN 89 00:02:53,172 --> 00:02:53,406 OCTOBER. 90 00:02:53,406 --> 00:02:55,542 J.J. SAID THEY LEFT THEIR 91 00:02:55,542 --> 00:02:56,476 11-YEAR-OLD STAY UP TOO LATE TO 92 00:02:56,476 --> 00:02:57,877 WATCH THE LANDING, BUT WE THINK 93 00:02:57,877 --> 00:03:01,114 IT WAS WORTH IT. 94 00:03:01,114 --> 00:03:03,716 PRIOR TO BECOMING AN ASTRONAUT, 95 00:03:03,716 --> 00:03:05,451 CHRISTINA CONDUCTED REMOTE 96 00:03:05,451 --> 00:03:09,489 SCIENTIFIC FIELD WORK IN 97 00:03:09,489 --> 00:03:12,025 ANTARCTICA. 98 00:03:12,025 --> 00:03:15,695 KEEP SENDING MANY YOUR QUESTIONS 99 00:03:15,695 --> 00:03:16,062 USING #ASKNASA. 100 00:03:16,062 --> 00:03:29,709 SEE YOU NEXT WEEK. 101 00:03:29,709 --> 00:03:32,111 >> INCLUDED AMONG THE 7500 102 00:03:32,111 --> 00:03:34,013 POUNDS OF CARGO ON THE CYGNUS 103 00:03:34,013 --> 00:03:35,915 SHIP LAUNCHING TODAY IS MATERIAL 104 00:03:35,915 --> 00:03:38,318 FOR THE CREW MEMBERS AND MORE 105 00:03:38,318 --> 00:03:40,453 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SUPPLIES. 106 00:03:40,453 --> 00:03:41,487 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 107 00:03:41,487 --> 00:03:43,856 IS A LABORATORY IN SPACE, WHERE 108 00:03:43,856 --> 00:03:45,391 SCIENTISTS CAN REMOVE THE 109 00:03:45,391 --> 00:03:46,459 CONSTANT OF GRAVITY FROM AN 110 00:03:46,459 --> 00:03:48,061 EQUATION IN WAYS THEY JUST CAN'T 111 00:03:48,061 --> 00:03:49,195 DO ON EARTH. 112 00:03:49,195 --> 00:03:50,430 IT'S A TRICK THAT CAN BE 113 00:03:50,430 --> 00:03:52,799 ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN NATURAL 114 00:03:52,799 --> 00:03:53,066 SCIENCES. 115 00:03:53,066 --> 00:03:54,233 FOR INSTANCE, RESEARCHERS ARE 116 00:03:54,233 --> 00:03:56,169 WORKING TO LEARN HOW SURFACE 117 00:03:56,169 --> 00:03:58,104 TENSION AND CAPILLARY FLOW CAN 118 00:03:58,104 --> 00:04:00,640 BE HARNESSED TO IMPROVE SYSTEMS 119 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:02,609 FOR MOVING FLUIDS IN 120 00:04:02,609 --> 00:04:03,977 MICROGRAVITY, LIKE MOVING 121 00:04:03,977 --> 00:04:06,679 PROPELLANTS IN FUEL TANKS DURING 122 00:04:06,679 --> 00:04:15,188 SPACE TRAVEL. 123 00:04:15,188 --> 00:04:17,256 ♪ 124 00:04:17,256 --> 00:04:38,945 ♪ 125 00:04:38,945 --> 00:05:00,500 ♪ 126 00:05:00,500 --> 00:05:19,118 ♪ 127 00:05:19,118 --> 00:05:35,668 ♪ 128 00:05:35,668 --> 00:05:37,236 >> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 129 00:05:37,236 --> 00:05:38,738 STATION'S LABORATORY MODULES 130 00:05:38,738 --> 00:05:40,306 SUPPORT EXPERIMENTS IN A NUMBER 131 00:05:40,306 --> 00:05:42,408 OF SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES. 132 00:05:42,408 --> 00:05:44,911 ANOTHER EXAMPLE, THE FLAME 133 00:05:44,911 --> 00:05:46,145 DESIGN INVESTIGATION IS LOOKING 134 00:05:46,145 --> 00:05:48,114 INTO THE QUANTITY OF SOOT 135 00:05:48,114 --> 00:05:49,882 PRODUCED UNDER DIFFERENT BURNING 136 00:05:49,882 --> 00:05:50,717 CONDITIONS, AND IT COULD 137 00:05:50,717 --> 00:05:52,351 GENERATE DATA THAT LEADS TO THE 138 00:05:52,351 --> 00:05:54,721 CREATION OF NEW BURNERS THAT ARE 139 00:05:54,721 --> 00:05:57,724 MORE EFFICIENT AND LESS 140 00:05:57,724 --> 00:06:03,396 POLLUTING. 141 00:06:03,396 --> 00:06:24,517 ♪ 142 00:06:24,517 --> 00:06:49,308 ♪ 143 00:06:49,308 --> 00:07:00,720 ♪ 144 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:03,422 >> THE SCIENTISTS BEHIND THE 145 00:07:03,422 --> 00:07:04,490 EXPERIMENTS YOU'VE JUST SEEN HAD 146 00:07:04,490 --> 00:07:06,692 TO PUT THEIR LIFE'S WORK ON TOP 147 00:07:06,692 --> 00:07:08,394 OF THE CONTROLLED EXPLOSION THAT 148 00:07:08,394 --> 00:07:09,896 IS A ROCKET LAUNCH IN ORDER TO 149 00:07:09,896 --> 00:07:11,097 GET THE EXPERIMENT TO THE 150 00:07:11,097 --> 00:07:13,032 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 151 00:07:13,032 --> 00:07:15,134 IN THIS NEW SEASON OF THE NASA 152 00:07:15,134 --> 00:07:16,769 EXPLORER SERIES, WE'RE FOCUSING 153 00:07:16,769 --> 00:07:18,304 ON THOSE SCIENTISTS. 154 00:07:18,304 --> 00:07:19,639 HERE IN PART TWO, YOU MEET A 155 00:07:19,639 --> 00:07:22,175 TEAM OF RESEARCHERS AS THEY WORK 156 00:07:22,175 --> 00:07:23,976 TO PREPARE AN EXPERIMENT TO 157 00:07:23,976 --> 00:07:27,747 LAUNCH TO SPACE FOR THE FIRST 158 00:07:27,747 --> 00:07:28,681 TIME. 159 00:07:28,681 --> 00:07:33,052 >> THESE ARE FROM THE SLOSH 160 00:07:33,052 --> 00:07:33,352 EXPERIMENT. 161 00:07:33,352 --> 00:07:34,720 >> MICROGRAVITY HAS A LOT TO 162 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:35,221 TEACH US. 163 00:07:35,221 --> 00:07:36,589 TAKE THESE CONTAINERS. 164 00:07:36,589 --> 00:07:38,257 THE GREEN LIQUID INSIDE IS 165 00:07:38,257 --> 00:07:39,592 SHOWING US HOW FUEL SWIRLS 166 00:07:39,592 --> 00:07:42,128 AROUND IN A TANK WHILE IT MOVES 167 00:07:42,128 --> 00:07:42,795 THROUGH SPACE. 168 00:07:42,795 --> 00:07:44,096 WHAT WE LEARN COULD HELP US 169 00:07:44,096 --> 00:07:46,399 DESIGN SAFER, MORE EFFICIENT 170 00:07:46,399 --> 00:07:49,035 SPACECRAFT. 171 00:07:49,035 --> 00:07:50,770 AT ANY GIVEN TIME, WE ARE 172 00:07:50,770 --> 00:07:51,871 CONDUCTING CLOSE TO 300 173 00:07:51,871 --> 00:07:53,840 DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS ABOARD THE 174 00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:55,341 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 175 00:07:55,341 --> 00:07:56,976 RESEARCH LIKE THIS IS PREPARING 176 00:07:56,976 --> 00:08:00,279 US FOR THE FUTURE OF SPACE 177 00:08:00,279 --> 00:08:02,982 EXPLORATION. 178 00:08:02,982 --> 00:08:07,019 >> THAT'S COOL. 179 00:08:07,019 --> 00:08:20,967 ♪ 180 00:08:20,967 --> 00:08:27,106 ♪ 181 00:08:27,106 --> 00:08:29,842 >> WE REALLY CAN'T MIMIC THE 182 00:08:29,842 --> 00:08:30,910 ENVIRONMENT ON THE SPACE STATION 183 00:08:30,910 --> 00:08:32,044 ANYWHERE ON THIS PLANET, AND 184 00:08:32,044 --> 00:08:33,479 IT'S WHAT MAKES IT SUCH A 185 00:08:33,479 --> 00:08:35,414 SPECIAL PLACE AND WHY SCIENTISTS 186 00:08:35,414 --> 00:08:37,550 FROM MANY UNIVERSITIES, SEVERAL 187 00:08:37,550 --> 00:08:40,086 COMPANIES LIKE TO SEND THEIR 188 00:08:40,086 --> 00:08:40,386 SCIENCE UP. 189 00:08:40,386 --> 00:08:42,054 BECAUSE ONCE YOU REMOVE GRAVITY, 190 00:08:42,054 --> 00:08:43,256 MANY THINGS ACT DIFFERENTLY. 191 00:08:43,256 --> 00:08:45,291 THIS SEASON, WE'RE EXPLORING WHY 192 00:08:45,291 --> 00:08:46,692 WE SENT SCIENCE TO SPACE AND 193 00:08:46,692 --> 00:08:49,028 WHAT IT TAKES TO GET IT THERE. 194 00:08:49,028 --> 00:08:50,930 SPOILER ALERT, YOU DON'T HAVE TO 195 00:08:50,930 --> 00:08:52,331 BE A ROCKET SCIENTIST TO CONDUCT 196 00:08:52,331 --> 00:08:54,233 RESEARCH IN MICROGRAVITY. 197 00:08:54,233 --> 00:08:56,435 >> SO THIS IS OUR FIRST PROJECT 198 00:08:56,435 --> 00:08:58,137 THAT'S GOING UP TO THE STATION, 199 00:08:58,137 --> 00:09:00,840 AND OUR FIRST PROJECT WORKING 200 00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:01,574 WITH, YOU KNOW, ANYONE INVOLVED 201 00:09:01,574 --> 00:09:02,275 IN THE SPACE PROGRAM. 202 00:09:02,275 --> 00:09:04,143 SO IT'S A VERY EXCITING TIME FOR 203 00:09:04,143 --> 00:09:04,310 US. 204 00:09:04,310 --> 00:09:06,746 THE TRANSITION FROM WHAT AM I 205 00:09:06,746 --> 00:09:08,281 DOING WITH MY LIFE IN THE MIDDLE 206 00:09:08,281 --> 00:09:11,217 OF GRADUATE SCHOOL TO HERE I AM 207 00:09:11,217 --> 00:09:12,585 SITTING IN HOUSTON GETTING READY 208 00:09:12,585 --> 00:09:14,487 FOR OUR LAUNCH, I CAN'T HARDLY 209 00:09:14,487 --> 00:09:16,355 BELIEVE IT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING. 210 00:09:16,355 --> 00:09:18,357 >> MEET ELAINE, ONE OF THE 211 00:09:18,357 --> 00:09:19,892 CO-FOUNDERS OF A MEDICAL DEVICE 212 00:09:19,892 --> 00:09:21,727 START-UP BASED IN VIRGINIA. 213 00:09:21,727 --> 00:09:24,163 HER COMPANY IS DEVELOPING A GEL 214 00:09:24,163 --> 00:09:26,499 PATCH THAT CAN SERVE AS A 215 00:09:26,499 --> 00:09:27,533 REPLACEMENT FOR EARDRUM REPAIR 216 00:09:27,533 --> 00:09:27,800 SURGERY. 217 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:28,968 THAT COULD HAVE HUGE BENEFITS 218 00:09:28,968 --> 00:09:30,703 HERE ON EARTH, BUT LAUNCH THAT 219 00:09:30,703 --> 00:09:31,938 GEL TO SPACE AND THE 220 00:09:31,938 --> 00:09:34,707 OPPORTUNITIES FOR USE GROW EVEN 221 00:09:34,707 --> 00:09:34,907 MORE. 222 00:09:34,907 --> 00:09:37,310 FIRST, WE HAVE TO BACK UP A FEW 223 00:09:37,310 --> 00:09:37,610 STEPS. 224 00:09:37,610 --> 00:09:39,245 PUTTING YOUR LIFE'S WORK ON TOP 225 00:09:39,245 --> 00:09:40,880 OF A ROCKET MAY SEEM LIKE A 226 00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:41,847 DAUNTING TASK, BUT THERE'S A 227 00:09:41,847 --> 00:09:43,549 SYSTEM IN PLACE TO HELP 228 00:09:43,549 --> 00:09:44,650 SCIENTISTS WHO KNOW NOTHING 229 00:09:44,650 --> 00:09:45,885 ABOUT SPACE FLIGHT GET THEIR 230 00:09:45,885 --> 00:09:47,286 RESEARCH INTO ORBIT. 231 00:09:47,286 --> 00:09:49,488 YOU SEE, NASA AND ITS 232 00:09:49,488 --> 00:09:51,190 INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS AREN'T 233 00:09:51,190 --> 00:09:52,224 THE ONLY SOURCE OF SCIENCE 234 00:09:52,224 --> 00:09:53,426 ABOARD THE SPACE STATION. 235 00:09:53,426 --> 00:09:57,196 THE ISS U.S. NATIONAL LABORATORY 236 00:09:57,196 --> 00:09:59,065 CREATES PATHWAYS TO SPACE FOR 237 00:09:59,065 --> 00:10:00,166 COMPANIES, UNIVERSITIES, AND 238 00:10:00,166 --> 00:10:01,801 EVEN YOUNG STUDENTS. 239 00:10:01,801 --> 00:10:03,035 IF YOU'RE STARTING A JOURNEY 240 00:10:03,035 --> 00:10:04,270 INTO THE UNKNOWN, IT HELPS TO 241 00:10:04,270 --> 00:10:05,905 HAVE AN EXPERT AT YOUR SIDE TO 242 00:10:05,905 --> 00:10:07,340 NAVIGATE THE WAY. 243 00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:08,574 THE NATIONAL LAB CONNECTS 244 00:10:08,574 --> 00:10:10,242 RESEARCHERS WITH IMPLEMENTATION 245 00:10:10,242 --> 00:10:11,610 PARTNERS WHO PROVIDE RESOURCES 246 00:10:11,610 --> 00:10:13,312 AND GUIDANCE FOR TAKING AN 247 00:10:13,312 --> 00:10:15,915 EXPERIMENT FROM EARTH TO 248 00:10:15,915 --> 00:10:16,248 MICROGRAVITY. 249 00:10:16,248 --> 00:10:20,219 ELAINE AND HER TEAM ARE WORKING 250 00:10:20,219 --> 00:10:22,154 WITH A TEAM. 251 00:10:22,154 --> 00:10:22,989 >> THEY HAVE THE READER. 252 00:10:22,989 --> 00:10:24,056 THEY'RE COORDINATING THE LAUNCH 253 00:10:24,056 --> 00:10:25,157 AND GETTING ALL THE MATERIALS 254 00:10:25,157 --> 00:10:25,825 TOGETHER FOR US. 255 00:10:25,825 --> 00:10:27,226 WE'RE GLAD WE'RE WORKING WITH 256 00:10:27,226 --> 00:10:29,362 THEM BECAUSE WE'RE GLAD SOMEBODY 257 00:10:29,362 --> 00:10:29,962 HAS DONE THIS BEFORE THAT CAN 258 00:10:29,962 --> 00:10:34,567 HELP US ALONG WITH THE PROCESS. 259 00:10:34,567 --> 00:10:35,568 THE PROJECT WE'RE SENDING TO THE 260 00:10:35,568 --> 00:10:39,438 SPACE STATION IS LOOKING AT HOW 261 00:10:39,438 --> 00:10:40,840 HYDROGEL BEHAVES IN MICROGRAVITY 262 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:41,140 CONDITIONS. 263 00:10:41,140 --> 00:10:42,141 WE'RE SPECIFICALLY LOOKING AT 264 00:10:42,141 --> 00:10:43,843 HOW THE STRUCTURE CHANGES AND 265 00:10:43,843 --> 00:10:45,378 HOW DRUG RELEASE CHANGES IN THE 266 00:10:45,378 --> 00:10:46,779 ABSENCE OF GRAVITY. 267 00:10:46,779 --> 00:10:51,283 >> I'M A CO-FOUNDER OF THIS 268 00:10:51,283 --> 00:10:51,584 TECHNOLOGY. 269 00:10:51,584 --> 00:10:52,752 I'VE BEEN WITH THE TEAM SINCE 270 00:10:52,752 --> 00:10:54,754 DAY ZERO. 271 00:10:54,754 --> 00:10:57,990 HYDROGELS ARE A VERY IMPORTANT 272 00:10:57,990 --> 00:10:58,257 MATERIAL. 273 00:10:58,257 --> 00:11:01,260 THEY ARE HIGH VOLUME WATER THAT 274 00:11:01,260 --> 00:11:03,863 CAN VERY WELL MIMIC THE EXTRA 275 00:11:03,863 --> 00:11:07,133 CELLULAR MATRIX OF OUR BODY. 276 00:11:07,133 --> 00:11:08,768 SO WE REALLY THOUGHT THAT 277 00:11:08,768 --> 00:11:10,202 ANSWERING THIS QUESTION CAN 278 00:11:10,202 --> 00:11:12,104 REALLY HELP THE SCIENTIFIC 279 00:11:12,104 --> 00:11:12,371 COMMUNITY. 280 00:11:12,371 --> 00:11:13,172 >> CONFUSED? 281 00:11:13,172 --> 00:11:15,307 DON'T WORRY, WE'VE GOT YOU 282 00:11:15,307 --> 00:11:15,741 COVERED. 283 00:11:15,741 --> 00:11:18,277 THINK OF HYDROGELS LIKE A SCOOP 284 00:11:18,277 --> 00:11:19,178 OF GELATIN. 285 00:11:19,178 --> 00:11:21,347 NOT QUITE A LIQUID, NOT QUITE A 286 00:11:21,347 --> 00:11:22,381 SOLID, DEFINITELY MADE UP OF 287 00:11:22,381 --> 00:11:23,149 MOSTLY WATER. 288 00:11:23,149 --> 00:11:26,085 WE CAN USE HYDROGELS TO COVER 289 00:11:26,085 --> 00:11:27,787 WOUNDS AND EVEN DELIVER 290 00:11:27,787 --> 00:11:29,755 ANTIBIOTICS TO PROMOTE HEALING. 291 00:11:29,755 --> 00:11:33,392 FOR THAT REASON, HYDROGELS ARE 292 00:11:33,392 --> 00:11:41,200 BEING STUDIED FOR THINGS LIKE 293 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:42,601 USE ON BATTLEFIELDS. 294 00:11:42,601 --> 00:11:43,235 >> IF YOU CAN'T GET GOOD MEDICAL 295 00:11:43,235 --> 00:11:44,537 CARE RIGHT AWAY, YOU COULD APPLY 296 00:11:44,537 --> 00:11:48,074 THAT HYDROGEL DIRECTLY TO THE 297 00:11:48,074 --> 00:11:48,574 WOUND SITE. 298 00:11:48,574 --> 00:11:49,708 WHAT ABOUT IN SPACE? 299 00:11:49,708 --> 00:11:51,077 WHAT IF WE'RE FAR AWAY FROM 300 00:11:51,077 --> 00:11:52,344 EARTH'S SURFACE ON OUR WAY 301 00:11:52,344 --> 00:11:54,380 TOWARDS MARS AND WE HAVE A WOUND 302 00:11:54,380 --> 00:11:55,748 ON AN ARM OR LEG AND NEED A 303 00:11:55,748 --> 00:11:56,649 BETTER WAY TO TREAT THAT WOUND 304 00:11:56,649 --> 00:11:58,851 AND MAKE SURE IT DOESN'T BECOME 305 00:11:58,851 --> 00:11:59,151 INFECTED. 306 00:11:59,151 --> 00:12:01,020 SO THE HYDROGEL ITSELF IS A 307 00:12:01,020 --> 00:12:03,422 GREAT EXAMPLE OF A DUAL-PURPOSE 308 00:12:03,422 --> 00:12:03,722 TECHNOLOGY. 309 00:12:03,722 --> 00:12:04,990 IT'S SOMETHING WE CAN USE NOT 310 00:12:04,990 --> 00:12:06,225 ONLY ON THE EARTH BUT UP IN 311 00:12:06,225 --> 00:12:06,425 SPACE. 312 00:12:06,425 --> 00:12:08,828 >> THIS RESEARCH COULD PROVIDE 313 00:12:08,828 --> 00:12:10,262 PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN FOUNDATIONS 314 00:12:10,262 --> 00:12:12,098 FOR FUTURE HYDROGEL STUDIES. 315 00:12:12,098 --> 00:12:14,700 IT'S A GREAT EXAMPLE OF HOW 316 00:12:14,700 --> 00:12:15,768 MICROGRAVITY CAN OFFER NEW 317 00:12:15,768 --> 00:12:16,969 INSIGHTS INTO SYSTEMS WE'VE 318 00:12:16,969 --> 00:12:18,504 ALREADY EXPLORED ON EARTH. 319 00:12:18,504 --> 00:12:21,474 >> THE DATA WE'RE COLLECTING IS 320 00:12:21,474 --> 00:12:25,177 SO BASIC SCIENCE THAT IT'S HARD 321 00:12:25,177 --> 00:12:33,018 TO FIND THE PROJECT AT THIS 322 00:12:33,018 --> 00:12:33,219 STAGE. 323 00:12:33,219 --> 00:12:34,687 >> WHEN IT GETS TO SPACE, IT 324 00:12:34,687 --> 00:12:35,955 GOES INTO THE HANDS OF 325 00:12:35,955 --> 00:12:37,022 ASTRONAUTS WHO WILL RUN THE 326 00:12:37,022 --> 00:12:38,591 EXPERIMENT IN ORBIT. 327 00:12:38,591 --> 00:12:40,459 JUST LIKE TRAINING FOR LAUNCH, 328 00:12:40,459 --> 00:12:41,827 LANDING, AND SPACE WALKS, CREW 329 00:12:41,827 --> 00:12:42,962 MEMBERS PARTICIPATE IN HOURS OF 330 00:12:42,962 --> 00:12:44,263 SCIENTIFIC TRAINING TO PREPARE 331 00:12:44,263 --> 00:12:45,564 THEM FOR RUNNING MANY OF THE 332 00:12:45,564 --> 00:12:47,399 HUNDREDS OF EXPERIMENTS THAT ARE 333 00:12:47,399 --> 00:12:49,401 ONGOING ABOARD THE SPACE 334 00:12:49,401 --> 00:12:49,635 STATION. 335 00:12:49,635 --> 00:12:52,638 READY TO GO TO CLASS WITH AN 336 00:12:52,638 --> 00:12:52,905 ASTRONAUT? 337 00:12:52,905 --> 00:12:56,909 WE'LL TAKE YOU ALONG. 338 00:12:56,909 --> 00:13:01,213 >> WELL, A LOT HAS CHANGED IN 11 339 00:13:01,213 --> 00:13:01,413 YEARS. 340 00:13:01,413 --> 00:13:03,015 IT WAS A NEW EXPERIMENT, SO HE 341 00:13:03,015 --> 00:13:04,817 HADN'T SEEN THAT EITHER. 342 00:13:04,817 --> 00:13:05,885 THEY TELL US, YOU KNOW, HEY, 343 00:13:05,885 --> 00:13:07,653 THIS IS A LOT EASIER TO GO 344 00:13:07,653 --> 00:13:08,053 UPSIDE DOWN. 345 00:13:08,053 --> 00:13:10,923 YOU'RE GOING TO BE IN 346 00:13:10,923 --> 00:13:14,760 MICROGRAVITY AND THIS WILL WORK 347 00:13:14,760 --> 00:13:19,031 DIFFERENTLY. 348 00:13:19,031 --> 00:13:20,699 >> THE STRUCTURE OF THE 349 00:13:20,699 --> 00:13:21,567 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 350 00:13:21,567 --> 00:13:24,803 RELIES ON A SERIES OF TRUSSES 351 00:13:24,803 --> 00:13:26,071 ENGINEERED TO WITHSTAND THE 352 00:13:26,071 --> 00:13:27,540 DIFFERENT FORCES THE STATION 353 00:13:27,540 --> 00:13:29,475 ENCOUNTERS IN LOW-EVERETT ORBIT. 354 00:13:29,475 --> 00:13:31,544 IN THIS DEMONSTRATION VIDEO, 355 00:13:31,544 --> 00:13:33,512 RICKY ARNOLD EXPLAINS THE 356 00:13:33,512 --> 00:13:34,547 SIGNIFICANCE OF THOSE STRUCTURES 357 00:13:34,547 --> 00:13:35,347 AND THE FORCES THEY'RE UP 358 00:13:35,347 --> 00:14:05,277 AGAINST IN MICROGRAVITY. 359 00:14:05,277 --> 00:14:12,318 ♪ 360 00:14:12,318 --> 00:14:13,552 >> HEY THERE. 361 00:14:13,552 --> 00:14:15,821 I'M NASA ASTRONAUT RICKY ARNOLD. 362 00:14:15,821 --> 00:14:16,855 WELCOME ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL 363 00:14:16,855 --> 00:14:17,389 SPACE STATION. 364 00:14:17,389 --> 00:14:18,791 TODAY WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT 365 00:14:18,791 --> 00:14:20,092 THE SPACE STATION TRUSS. 366 00:14:20,092 --> 00:14:23,429 THE TRUSS SEGMENT IS JUST ABOUT 367 00:14:23,429 --> 00:14:26,365 100 METERS FROM SIDE TO SIDE. 368 00:14:26,365 --> 00:14:28,734 A TRUSS IS A SEGMENT OR PART OF 369 00:14:28,734 --> 00:14:30,302 THE WHOLE INTEGRATED TRUSS 370 00:14:30,302 --> 00:14:30,569 STRUCTURE. 371 00:14:30,569 --> 00:14:32,104 THE TRUSSES ARE USED TO SUPPORT 372 00:14:32,104 --> 00:14:34,773 THE 16 SOLAR RAY PANELS, WHICH 373 00:14:34,773 --> 00:14:36,442 PROVIDE ENERGY FOR US AND 374 00:14:36,442 --> 00:14:37,676 RADIATORS THAT GET RID OF EXCESS 375 00:14:37,676 --> 00:14:40,012 HEAT THAT BUILDS UP INSIDE THE 376 00:14:40,012 --> 00:14:40,346 SPACE STATION. 377 00:14:40,346 --> 00:14:42,681 THE DESIGN OF THE TRUSS INVOLVES 378 00:14:42,681 --> 00:14:44,650 TRIANGLES AND BEAMS, WHICH CAN 379 00:14:44,650 --> 00:14:45,751 BE SEEN ON EARTH IN STRUCTURES 380 00:14:45,751 --> 00:14:46,585 LIKE BRIDGES. 381 00:14:46,585 --> 00:14:48,287 WHY TRIANGLES? 382 00:14:48,287 --> 00:14:49,622 THIS IS BECAUSE OF THEIR YOU 383 00:14:49,622 --> 00:14:51,190 KNEE GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES, THEIR 384 00:14:51,190 --> 00:14:52,458 METHODS OF TRANSFERRING LOADS, 385 00:14:52,458 --> 00:14:54,293 AND THEIR SPATIAL OPENNESS. 386 00:14:54,293 --> 00:14:55,928 TRIANGLES ARE MORE RIGID THAN 387 00:14:55,928 --> 00:14:57,096 RECTANGULAR SHAPES BECAUSE THEY 388 00:14:57,096 --> 00:14:59,732 HAVE FEWER JOINTS. 389 00:14:59,732 --> 00:15:01,500 THE LARGER NUMBER OF JOINTS IN A 390 00:15:01,500 --> 00:15:03,302 SHAPE, THE MORE PRONE THAT SHAPE 391 00:15:03,302 --> 00:15:05,137 IS TO BE IMPACTED BY SHEER 392 00:15:05,137 --> 00:15:05,371 FORCES. 393 00:15:05,371 --> 00:15:05,971 WHAT I'D LIKE TO TALK ABOUT 394 00:15:05,971 --> 00:15:07,406 TODAY IS SOME OF THE FORCES THAT 395 00:15:07,406 --> 00:15:09,842 CAN ACT UPON THE TRUSS. 396 00:15:09,842 --> 00:15:11,443 WELL, THE FIRST FORCE I WANT TO 397 00:15:11,443 --> 00:15:13,345 TALK ABOUT IS COMPRESSION FORCE. 398 00:15:13,345 --> 00:15:15,581 AND COMPRESSION FORCE IS JUST 399 00:15:15,581 --> 00:15:17,249 LIKE IT SOUNDS, TWO THINGS 400 00:15:17,249 --> 00:15:17,983 COMING TOGETHER. 401 00:15:17,983 --> 00:15:19,685 SO IF WE APPLY A COMPRESSION 402 00:15:19,685 --> 00:15:20,953 FORCE TO THE TRUSS, WHAT DO YOU 403 00:15:20,953 --> 00:15:23,222 THINK IS GOING TO HAPPEN? 404 00:15:23,222 --> 00:15:28,093 WELL, LET ME GO AHEAD AND DO IT. 405 00:15:28,093 --> 00:15:30,696 AND YOU CAN SEE RIGHT HERE WHERE 406 00:15:30,696 --> 00:15:32,765 THE TRUSS WOULD BEND. 407 00:15:32,765 --> 00:15:33,999 WHAT DO YOU THINK THE OPPOSITE 408 00:15:33,999 --> 00:15:38,103 FORCE OF COMPRESSION IS? 409 00:15:38,103 --> 00:15:39,538 IT'S GOING TO BE PULLING APART. 410 00:15:39,538 --> 00:15:41,540 WE CALL THAT A TENSION FORCE. 411 00:15:41,540 --> 00:15:43,242 A TENSION FORCE IS WHAT'S GOING 412 00:15:43,242 --> 00:15:45,711 TO HELP MAYBE EVEN RIGIDIZE THE 413 00:15:45,711 --> 00:15:47,446 TRUSS SEGMENT, BUT IT ALSO COULD 414 00:15:47,446 --> 00:15:48,380 POTENTIALLY PULL IT APART. 415 00:15:48,380 --> 00:15:51,083 I'M NOT GOING TO PULL APART THIS 416 00:15:51,083 --> 00:15:51,717 TAPE MEASURE BECAUSE WE PROBABLY 417 00:15:51,717 --> 00:15:54,019 NEED IT LATER FOR SOME WORK WE 418 00:15:54,019 --> 00:15:54,620 HAVE TO DO. 419 00:15:54,620 --> 00:15:56,155 NOW, IF YOU LOOK CAREFULLY, THIS 420 00:15:56,155 --> 00:15:57,056 NEXT FORCE I WANT TO TALK ABOUT 421 00:15:57,056 --> 00:15:58,657 IS BASICALLY KIND OF LIKE A 422 00:15:58,657 --> 00:15:59,491 TWISTING FORCE. 423 00:15:59,491 --> 00:16:01,427 WE CALL IT TORSION. 424 00:16:01,427 --> 00:16:04,296 EVEN WHEN I JUST LET GO OF THE 425 00:16:04,296 --> 00:16:06,298 TAPE MEASURE, YOU CAN SEE IT 426 00:16:06,298 --> 00:16:07,366 WILL ACTUALLY START TO HAPPEN A 427 00:16:07,366 --> 00:16:07,900 LITTLE BIT. 428 00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:09,868 YOU CAN START TO SEE BECAUSE THE 429 00:16:09,868 --> 00:16:11,704 CENTER OF MASS IS ACTUALLY RIGHT 430 00:16:11,704 --> 00:16:12,638 HERE, WHERE MOST OF THE TAPE 431 00:16:12,638 --> 00:16:15,274 MEASURE IS LOCATED, AND WHEN I 432 00:16:15,274 --> 00:16:18,344 LET IT GO, THE TAPE MEASURE 433 00:16:18,344 --> 00:16:20,012 ITSELF STARTS TO TWIST JUST A 434 00:16:20,012 --> 00:16:21,714 LITTLE BIT. 435 00:16:21,714 --> 00:16:22,981 FINALLY, THE FOURTH FORCE THAT 436 00:16:22,981 --> 00:16:25,317 CAN ACT ALONG A TRUSS SEGMENT 437 00:16:25,317 --> 00:16:27,686 CAN OCCUR AT A SINGLE POINT 438 00:16:27,686 --> 00:16:29,822 WHERE TWO OPPOSING FORCES WORK 439 00:16:29,822 --> 00:16:31,457 ON A SINGLE POINT ALONG THE 440 00:16:31,457 --> 00:16:33,058 TRUSS, JUST LIKE THEY CAN UPON 441 00:16:33,058 --> 00:16:34,693 THE EARTH'S SURFACE. 442 00:16:34,693 --> 00:16:35,794 THINK ABOUT SOME EARTHQUAKES. 443 00:16:35,794 --> 00:16:38,464 YOU CAN HAVE A PLATE OR ALONG A 444 00:16:38,464 --> 00:16:41,467 FAULT LINE WHERE ONE SIDE OF THE 445 00:16:41,467 --> 00:16:43,235 FAULT LINE IS MOVING UPWARD OR 446 00:16:43,235 --> 00:16:46,672 BEING FORCED UPWARD WHILE THE 447 00:16:46,672 --> 00:16:48,841 OTHER FORCE IS MOVING DOWNWARD. 448 00:16:48,841 --> 00:16:58,817 THAT'S CALLED A SHEAR FORCE. 449 00:16:58,817 --> 00:16:59,818 ONE THING TO THINK ABOUT, WHERE 450 00:16:59,818 --> 00:17:02,421 DO THESE FORCES COME FROM? 451 00:17:02,421 --> 00:17:03,856 ONE FORCE, EVEN THOUGH WE'RE 452 00:17:03,856 --> 00:17:05,858 LARGELY OUT OF THE EARTH'S 453 00:17:05,858 --> 00:17:06,558 ATMOSPHERE, WE STILL HAVE DRAG 454 00:17:06,558 --> 00:17:07,926 WITH THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, 455 00:17:07,926 --> 00:17:10,796 WHICH CAN IMPART LOADS OR IMPART 456 00:17:10,796 --> 00:17:13,732 A FORCE ON THE TRUSS SEGMENT. 457 00:17:13,732 --> 00:17:15,100 ANOTHER I ALREADY HINTED AT 458 00:17:15,100 --> 00:17:18,337 EARLIER IS CREW WORKING INSIDE. 459 00:17:18,337 --> 00:17:20,472 WE'RE UP HERE EXERCISING, MOVING 460 00:17:20,472 --> 00:17:21,540 HEAVY PIECES OF EQUIPMENT 461 00:17:21,540 --> 00:17:21,774 AROUND. 462 00:17:21,774 --> 00:17:22,941 SO WE HAVE AN AMAZING 463 00:17:22,941 --> 00:17:25,811 ENGINEERING TEAM ON THE GROUND, 464 00:17:25,811 --> 00:17:27,913 AND WE HAVE SPECIFIC DISCIPLINES 465 00:17:27,913 --> 00:17:29,281 THAT THEIR JOB IS TO MONITOR ALL 466 00:17:29,281 --> 00:17:31,483 THE FORCES IMPARTED UPON THE 467 00:17:31,483 --> 00:17:32,184 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 468 00:17:32,184 --> 00:17:33,886 THEY KEEP TRACK OF ALL THOSE 469 00:17:33,886 --> 00:17:34,853 VARIOUS FORCES I TALKED ABOUT 470 00:17:34,853 --> 00:17:36,321 AND WHERE THEY COULD BE COMING 471 00:17:36,321 --> 00:17:38,257 FROM, THE ATMOSPHERE, VISITING 472 00:17:38,257 --> 00:17:39,324 VEHICLES, OR EVEN THINGS THE 473 00:17:39,324 --> 00:17:40,692 CREW ARE DOING INSIDE THE SPACE 474 00:17:40,692 --> 00:17:40,926 STATION. 475 00:17:40,926 --> 00:17:44,196 TO MAKE SURE THAT THOSE FORCES 476 00:17:44,196 --> 00:17:44,963 AREN'T SIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO 477 00:17:44,963 --> 00:17:46,965 CAUSE ANY DAMAGE TO THIS 478 00:17:46,965 --> 00:17:48,300 WONDERFUL LABORATORY AND LIVING 479 00:17:48,300 --> 00:17:49,868 SPACE WE HAVE UP HERE IN 480 00:17:49,868 --> 00:17:50,669 LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 481 00:17:50,669 --> 00:17:52,104 THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING ME 482 00:17:52,104 --> 00:17:52,304 TODAY. 483 00:17:52,304 --> 00:17:55,174 WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME. 484 00:17:55,174 --> 00:18:15,961 SO LONG. 485 00:18:15,961 --> 00:18:17,763 >> LESSONS FROM SPACE LIKE THE 486 00:18:17,763 --> 00:18:18,997 ONES RICKY ARNOLD HAS TAUGHT 487 00:18:18,997 --> 00:18:20,966 WERE DESIGNED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE 488 00:18:20,966 --> 00:18:22,301 OF THE PRESENCE OF A FORMER 489 00:18:22,301 --> 00:18:24,069 CLASSROOM TEACHER AS A MEMBER OF 490 00:18:24,069 --> 00:18:25,070 THE STATION CREW IN ORDER TO 491 00:18:25,070 --> 00:18:26,872 HELP STUDENTS AND THEIR TEACHERS 492 00:18:26,872 --> 00:18:29,074 ON THE GROUND IN THEIR STUDIES 493 00:18:29,074 --> 00:18:31,610 OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, 494 00:18:31,610 --> 00:18:32,077 ENGINEERING, AND MATH. 495 00:18:32,077 --> 00:18:32,711 THE EFFORT WAS BUILT ON AN 496 00:18:32,711 --> 00:18:34,213 EXAMPLE SET BY ANOTHER TEACHER 497 00:18:34,213 --> 00:18:41,220 MORE THAN 30 YEARS AGO. 498 00:18:41,220 --> 00:18:48,660 >> REACH FOR IT. 499 00:18:48,660 --> 00:18:52,197 PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA. 500 00:18:52,197 --> 00:18:53,999 IN AUGUST 1984, PRESIDENT RONALD 501 00:18:53,999 --> 00:18:56,034 REAGAN ANNOUNCED NASA'S PLAN TO 502 00:18:56,034 --> 00:18:59,705 SEND ONE OF AMERICA'S FINEST, A 503 00:18:59,705 --> 00:19:01,306 TEACHER, TO SPACE ABOARD SPACE 504 00:19:01,306 --> 00:19:02,508 SHUTTLE CHALLENGER. 505 00:19:02,508 --> 00:19:05,110 OF 11,000 ASPIRANTS FOR THE 506 00:19:05,110 --> 00:19:05,711 ADVENTURE, 37-YEAR-OLD HIGH 507 00:19:05,711 --> 00:19:08,680 SCHOOL TEACHER CHRISTA McCOME 508 00:19:08,680 --> 00:19:09,748 LUFF FROM CONCORD, NEW 509 00:19:09,748 --> 00:19:10,582 HAMPSHIRE, WAS CHOSEN. 510 00:19:10,582 --> 00:19:11,783 AS THE FIRST TEACHER TRAVELLING 511 00:19:11,783 --> 00:19:13,652 TO SPACE, SHE PLANNED TO CONDUCT 512 00:19:13,652 --> 00:19:15,087 SCIENCE DEMONSTRATIONS FROM 513 00:19:15,087 --> 00:19:16,555 LOW-EARTH ORBIT TO GET STUDENTS, 514 00:19:16,555 --> 00:19:19,391 QUOTE, EXCITED ABOUT HISTORY, 515 00:19:19,391 --> 00:19:20,893 ABOUT THE FUTURE, AND ABOUT 516 00:19:20,893 --> 00:19:22,528 SPACE, END QUOTE. 517 00:19:22,528 --> 00:19:23,629 TRAGICALLY, CHALLENGER BROKE 518 00:19:23,629 --> 00:19:25,297 APART SOON AFTER LIFT-OFF ON 519 00:19:25,297 --> 00:19:27,466 JANUARY 28th, 1986. 520 00:19:27,466 --> 00:19:30,168 THERE WERE NO SURVIVORS, AND THE 521 00:19:30,168 --> 00:19:33,238 PLANNED DEMONSTRATIONS WERE 522 00:19:33,238 --> 00:19:33,572 SHELVED. 523 00:19:33,572 --> 00:19:36,375 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 524 00:19:36,375 --> 00:19:38,343 ASTRONAUTS HAVE BROUGHT THE 525 00:19:38,343 --> 00:19:39,545 MISSION FULL CIRCLE BY 526 00:19:39,545 --> 00:19:41,513 COMPLETING AND FILMING ON ORBIT 527 00:19:41,513 --> 00:19:43,949 HER ENVISIONED LESSONS AS A 528 00:19:43,949 --> 00:19:45,617 TRIBUTE TO HER LEGACY. 529 00:19:45,617 --> 00:19:47,286 U.S. CREW MEMBERS ABOARD THE 530 00:19:47,286 --> 00:19:49,054 STATION HAVE ALSO PERFORMED AND 531 00:19:49,054 --> 00:19:52,190 CAPTURED OTHER BRIEF, ENGAGING 532 00:19:52,190 --> 00:19:52,457 LESSONS. 533 00:19:52,457 --> 00:19:54,393 AS PART OF THE YEAR OF EDUCATION 534 00:19:54,393 --> 00:19:55,961 ON STATION, NASA HAS MADE ALL OF 535 00:19:55,961 --> 00:19:57,596 THE DEMOS AVAILABLE TO 536 00:19:57,596 --> 00:20:01,567 CLASSROOMS AROUND THE WORLD. 537 00:20:01,567 --> 00:20:02,634 CHROMATOGRAPHY IS ONE OF THE 538 00:20:02,634 --> 00:20:04,937 MOST INTERESTING LESSONS THAT 539 00:20:04,937 --> 00:20:06,538 HAVE BEEN BROUGHT TO LIFE. 540 00:20:06,538 --> 00:20:08,307 IT PROVIDES HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES 541 00:20:08,307 --> 00:20:09,241 FOR STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND THE 542 00:20:09,241 --> 00:20:12,277 IMPORTANCE OF CAPILLARY ACTION 543 00:20:12,277 --> 00:20:13,545 AND CHROMATOGRAPHY AND COMPARE 544 00:20:13,545 --> 00:20:15,280 HOW THEY WORK IN MICROGRAVITY 545 00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:17,049 VERSUS ON EARTH. 546 00:20:17,049 --> 00:20:18,750 CAPILLARY ACTION OCCURS ANY TIME 547 00:20:18,750 --> 00:20:21,019 A LIQUID SPONTANEOUSLY FLOWS 548 00:20:21,019 --> 00:20:23,555 INTO A NARROW TUBE OR POROUS 549 00:20:23,555 --> 00:20:23,822 MATERIAL. 550 00:20:23,822 --> 00:20:24,756 IT'S HOW PLANTS GET WATER FROM 551 00:20:24,756 --> 00:20:27,125 THEIR ROOTS TO THEIR LEAVES. 552 00:20:27,125 --> 00:20:28,961 IT'S HOW OUR BLOOD MAKES A ROUND 553 00:20:28,961 --> 00:20:30,629 TRIP THROUGH OUR BODIES. 554 00:20:30,629 --> 00:20:33,365 AND IT'S HOW THOSE PAPER TOWELS 555 00:20:33,365 --> 00:20:35,500 SOAKED UP THE ORANGE JUICE YOU 556 00:20:35,500 --> 00:20:37,803 SPILLED THIS MORNING. 557 00:20:37,803 --> 00:20:39,137 CHROMATOGRAPHY IS A TECHNIQUE 558 00:20:39,137 --> 00:20:42,240 THAT USES CAPILLARY ACTION TO 559 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:43,208 SEPARATE MIXTURES SO THEY CAN BE 560 00:20:43,208 --> 00:20:43,508 ANALYZED. 561 00:20:43,508 --> 00:20:45,344 ON EARTH, CHROMATOGRAPHY IS USED 562 00:20:45,344 --> 00:20:46,812 FOR ACTIVITIES SUCH AS STUDYING 563 00:20:46,812 --> 00:20:49,748 SAMPLES AT A CRIME SCENE. 564 00:20:49,748 --> 00:20:50,782 CHROMATOGRAPHY IS AN ESSENTIAL 565 00:20:50,782 --> 00:20:53,118 TECHNIQUE FOR SPACE FLIGHT TOO. 566 00:20:53,118 --> 00:20:55,887 FOR INSTANCE, KEEPING CREW 567 00:20:55,887 --> 00:20:56,688 PERSONS SAFE FROM CONTAMINANTS 568 00:20:56,688 --> 00:21:00,125 INCLUDES ANALYZING UNKNOWNS, 569 00:21:00,125 --> 00:21:00,826 WHICH CAN BE CRITICAL ON LONG 570 00:21:00,826 --> 00:21:01,860 SPACE MISSIONS. 571 00:21:01,860 --> 00:21:06,665 AN EXAMPLE OF A YEAR OF 572 00:21:06,665 --> 00:21:08,533 EDUCATION FEATURES RANDY 573 00:21:08,533 --> 00:21:09,701 SLINGSHOTTING OBJECTS OF ALL 574 00:21:09,701 --> 00:21:10,936 SIZES ACROSS THE INSIDE OF THE 575 00:21:10,936 --> 00:21:12,971 SPACE STATION WITH A BUNGEE 576 00:21:12,971 --> 00:21:13,171 CORD. 577 00:21:13,171 --> 00:21:14,640 HE'S ILLUSTRATING HOW NEWTON'S 578 00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:15,841 SECOND LAW OF MOTION HOLDS TRUE 579 00:21:15,841 --> 00:21:19,378 IN MICROGRAVITY, JUST LIKE ON 580 00:21:19,378 --> 00:21:19,978 EARTH. 581 00:21:19,978 --> 00:21:21,313 SIMPLY PUT, NEWTON'S LAW STATES 582 00:21:21,313 --> 00:21:23,215 THAT THE GREATER THE MASS OF AN 583 00:21:23,215 --> 00:21:24,616 OBJECT, THE MORE FORCE IT WILL 584 00:21:24,616 --> 00:21:26,518 TAKE TO ACCELERATE IT. 585 00:21:26,518 --> 00:21:28,020 YEAR OF EDUCATION ON STATION 586 00:21:28,020 --> 00:21:30,255 ALSO INCLUDED MORE THAN 60 587 00:21:30,255 --> 00:21:31,390 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HUNDREDS OF 588 00:21:31,390 --> 00:21:33,291 STUDENTS AND TEACHERS TO CONNECT 589 00:21:33,291 --> 00:21:35,060 VIA IN-FLIGHT EDUCATION 590 00:21:35,060 --> 00:21:36,461 DOWNLINKS WITH ASTRONAUTS ABOARD 591 00:21:36,461 --> 00:21:37,863 THE SPACE STATION FOR LIVE 592 00:21:37,863 --> 00:21:40,899 QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONS. 593 00:21:40,899 --> 00:21:41,800 PARTICIPANTS ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT 594 00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:43,402 ALL ASPECTS OF LIVING AND 595 00:21:43,402 --> 00:21:45,737 WORKING IN SPACE. 596 00:21:45,737 --> 00:21:48,707 >> HI, MY NAME IS RAMSEY. 597 00:21:48,707 --> 00:21:49,341 MY QUESTION IS HAVE YOU EVER HAD 598 00:21:49,341 --> 00:21:50,876 THE IDEA TO GET A LOT OF WATER, 599 00:21:50,876 --> 00:21:53,045 POUR IT OUT, AND SEE WHAT 600 00:21:53,045 --> 00:21:53,278 HAPPENS? 601 00:21:53,278 --> 00:21:56,481 >> SEE HOW IT JUST STICKS TO MY 602 00:21:56,481 --> 00:21:56,682 HAND? 603 00:21:56,682 --> 00:21:58,684 IT JUST STICKS RIGHT TO THE 604 00:21:58,684 --> 00:21:59,084 SURFACE. 605 00:21:59,084 --> 00:22:01,086 SO I THINK DRINK MY LEMONADE 606 00:22:01,086 --> 00:22:05,957 RIGHT FROM MY HAND. 607 00:22:05,957 --> 00:22:08,794 >> HOW DO YOU GROW PLANTS IN 608 00:22:08,794 --> 00:22:09,895 MICROGRAVITY WITHOUT SOIL AND 609 00:22:09,895 --> 00:22:11,997 WATER GETTING EVERYWHERE? 610 00:22:11,997 --> 00:22:13,999 >> ONE OF THE PLANTS ACTUAL USES 611 00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:16,668 PILLOWS THAT ARE IMPREGNATED 612 00:22:16,668 --> 00:22:19,071 WITH MOISTURE AND THE NUTRIENTS 613 00:22:19,071 --> 00:22:20,372 THEY NEED. 614 00:22:20,372 --> 00:22:22,474 WE HAVE ANOTHER ADVANCED PLANT 615 00:22:22,474 --> 00:22:23,475 HABITAT I'VE BEEN WORKING ON 616 00:22:23,475 --> 00:22:26,244 WHERE THERE'S A RESERVOIR AND 617 00:22:26,244 --> 00:22:27,979 THE WATER, IT'S ALL VERY 618 00:22:27,979 --> 00:22:29,347 CONTROLLED, PRETTY MUCH SOIL 619 00:22:29,347 --> 00:22:29,548 FREE. 620 00:22:29,548 --> 00:22:30,682 THE IMPORTANT THING IS NUTRIENTS 621 00:22:30,682 --> 00:22:32,017 AND WATER. 622 00:22:32,017 --> 00:22:33,785 >> HI, I'M LEXI. 623 00:22:33,785 --> 00:22:36,221 WOULD A YO-YO WORK IN 624 00:22:36,221 --> 00:22:36,555 MICROGRAVITY? 625 00:22:36,555 --> 00:22:39,091 >> I DIDN'T HAVE A LOT OF TIME 626 00:22:39,091 --> 00:22:39,558 TO PRACTICE. 627 00:22:39,558 --> 00:22:40,892 SO HERE WE GO. 628 00:22:40,892 --> 00:22:44,096 MY FIRST YO-YO. 629 00:22:44,096 --> 00:22:48,100 SO IT WORKS. 630 00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:49,901 BUT 631 00:22:49,901 --> 00:22:52,237 BUT IT'S A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT. 632 00:22:52,237 --> 00:22:53,271 THANKS FOR THE QUESTION, AND LET 633 00:22:53,271 --> 00:22:54,906 ME FIND OUT IF THEY DO WORK. 634 00:22:54,906 --> 00:22:56,141 >> WITH THE YEAR OF EDUCATION ON 635 00:22:56,141 --> 00:22:57,976 STATION, NASA'S GOAL WAS TO DO 636 00:22:57,976 --> 00:23:01,446 WHAT CHRISTA AND HER OPTIMISM 637 00:23:01,446 --> 00:23:02,748 DID SO WELL, INSPIRE STUDENTS 638 00:23:02,748 --> 00:23:04,549 AND TEACHERS TO, QUOTE, REACH 639 00:23:04,549 --> 00:23:07,986 FOR IT, PUSH YOURSELF AS FAR AS 640 00:23:07,986 --> 00:23:09,888 YOU CAN, END QUOTE. 641 00:23:09,888 --> 00:23:11,857 FOR MORE ON NASA'S YEAR OF 642 00:23:11,857 --> 00:23:19,765 EDUCATION ON STATION, GO TO 643 00:23:19,765 --> 00:23:20,332 WWW.NASA.GOV/STEMONSTATION. 644 00:23:20,332 --> 00:23:22,701 FOR OTHER INSPIRING NASA 645 00:23:22,701 --> 00:23:25,036 HAPPENINGS, VISIT 646 00:23:25,036 --> 00:23:28,540 SCIENCE.NASA.GOV. 647 00:23:28,540 --> 00:23:30,776 >> 239 DIFFERENT HUMAN BEINGS SO 648 00:23:30,776 --> 00:23:32,377 FAR HAVE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO 649 00:23:32,377 --> 00:23:34,079 LOOK DOWN AT EARTH FROM A WINDOW 650 00:23:34,079 --> 00:23:35,814 ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 651 00:23:35,814 --> 00:23:37,516 STATION, WHERE THERE HAS BEEN A 652 00:23:37,516 --> 00:23:38,617 CONTINUOUS HUMAN PRESENCE FOR 653 00:23:38,617 --> 00:23:39,918 MORE THAN 19 YEARS NOW. 654 00:23:39,918 --> 00:23:42,120 THE 20th ANNIVERSARY COMING UP 655 00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:43,021 IN NOVEMBER. 656 00:23:43,021 --> 00:23:50,295 SOME OF THEM, HAVE HAD THE 657 00:23:50,295 --> 00:23:51,296 OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE MORE THAN 658 00:23:51,296 --> 00:23:53,064 ONE VISIT. 659 00:23:53,064 --> 00:23:54,833 TRACY IS ONE WHO SAYS THAT 660 00:23:54,833 --> 00:23:56,234 EXPERIENCE HAS CHANGED HER 661 00:23:56,234 --> 00:24:06,511 PERSPECTIVE ON THIS PLANET. 662 00:24:06,511 --> 00:24:15,220 ♪ 663 00:24:15,220 --> 00:24:16,588 >> MY FIRST LOOK AT THE EARTH 664 00:24:16,588 --> 00:24:25,163 FROM THAT VANTAGE POINT WAS ON 665 00:24:25,163 --> 00:24:27,432 ASSENT, LOOKING AT THE AFT 666 00:24:27,432 --> 00:24:29,000 WINDOW BEHIND ME, KNOWING I WAS 667 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:30,468 THE FIRST ONE THAT HAD TO GET 668 00:24:30,468 --> 00:24:32,404 OUT OF MY SEAT AND FILM THE 669 00:24:32,404 --> 00:24:33,538 EXTERNAL TANK FALLING AWAY. 670 00:24:33,538 --> 00:24:34,573 THAT WAS MY FIRST JOB, ASIDE 671 00:24:34,573 --> 00:24:37,542 FROM ALL THE MONITORING I HAD TO 672 00:24:37,542 --> 00:24:37,709 DO. 673 00:24:37,709 --> 00:24:38,343 SO MY VIEW WAS VERY FLEETING AND 674 00:24:38,343 --> 00:24:38,743 VERY TECH MY CALL. 675 00:24:38,743 --> 00:24:40,145 IT WAS BACKGROUND TO THE TASK I 676 00:24:40,145 --> 00:24:40,779 HAD AT HAND. 677 00:24:40,779 --> 00:24:43,181 THAT WAS POINTING A CAMERA AT AN 678 00:24:43,181 --> 00:24:44,716 EXTERNAL TANK SO IT COULD BE 679 00:24:44,716 --> 00:24:44,983 ANALYZED. 680 00:24:44,983 --> 00:24:46,718 WHEN WE GOT INTO ORBIT, WE HAD A 681 00:24:46,718 --> 00:24:48,386 VERY FAST-PACED MISSION, WHICH 682 00:24:48,386 --> 00:24:50,322 ALL SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS WERE. 683 00:24:50,322 --> 00:24:52,858 YOU HAD 10 TO 12 DAYS OF 684 00:24:52,858 --> 00:24:53,558 FAST-PACED WORK. 685 00:24:53,558 --> 00:24:55,727 IT WAS MY COMMANDER, SCOTT 686 00:24:55,727 --> 00:24:58,930 KELLY, WHO CARVED OUT 90 MINUTES 687 00:24:58,930 --> 00:25:02,167 OF THE ENTIRE ORBIT ON FLIGHT 688 00:25:02,167 --> 00:25:03,835 AND SAID, TO THE THREE OF US, I 689 00:25:03,835 --> 00:25:05,337 WANT YOU GUYS ALL IN THAT 690 00:25:05,337 --> 00:25:06,671 WINDOW, AND I DON'T WANT YOU TO 691 00:25:06,671 --> 00:25:06,872 MOVE. 692 00:25:06,872 --> 00:25:08,406 HE PRECOORDINATED IT, GOT THE 693 00:25:08,406 --> 00:25:09,941 LIGHTS TURNED OFF ON THE STATION 694 00:25:09,941 --> 00:25:12,143 SO WE COULD SEE EVERYTHING IN 695 00:25:12,143 --> 00:25:12,944 ITS GRANDEUR. 696 00:25:12,944 --> 00:25:13,745 THAT WAS THE FIRST MOMENT I HAD 697 00:25:13,745 --> 00:25:16,648 TO REALLY SOAK IT IN. 698 00:25:16,648 --> 00:25:18,416 I DISCOVERED A LOT OF THINGS 699 00:25:18,416 --> 00:25:21,887 ABOUT MY REACTION TO THAT VIEW 700 00:25:21,887 --> 00:25:24,389 IN THAT RELATIVELY SHORT PERIOD 701 00:25:24,389 --> 00:25:33,498 OF TIME. 702 00:25:33,498 --> 00:25:35,533 AND THEN OF COURSE THERE WAS MY 703 00:25:35,533 --> 00:25:37,402 SPACE STATION FLIGHT, WHERE I 704 00:25:37,402 --> 00:25:38,803 LIVED UP THERE FOR SIX MONTHS. 705 00:25:38,803 --> 00:25:43,008 EVERY NIGHT THAT I COULD, I WAS 706 00:25:43,008 --> 00:25:44,209 PLANTED IN THERE, MUCH LIKE THE 707 00:25:44,209 --> 00:25:45,777 PICTURE SHOWS, GAZING AT IT. 708 00:25:45,777 --> 00:25:46,978 THERE WASN'T A SINGLE REGRET I 709 00:25:46,978 --> 00:25:48,647 HAD ABOUT THE TIME I SPENT 710 00:25:48,647 --> 00:25:48,847 THERE. 711 00:25:48,847 --> 00:25:52,584 IN FACT, IT ALMOST, I DARE SAY, 712 00:25:52,584 --> 00:25:54,653 GRIEVED ME TO THINK ABOUT HOW IN 713 00:25:54,653 --> 00:25:58,690 THE WORLD AM I GOING TO DESCRIBE 714 00:25:58,690 --> 00:25:59,224 THIS. 715 00:25:59,224 --> 00:26:00,759 THERE'S NO WORDS. 716 00:26:00,759 --> 00:26:01,660 THERE'S NO PICTURE I COULD TAKE 717 00:26:01,660 --> 00:26:02,794 TO DO IT JUSTICE. 718 00:26:02,794 --> 00:26:05,931 THERE'S NO WATER COLORS THAT I 719 00:26:05,931 --> 00:26:11,236 COULD PUT ON PAPER TO COME CLOSE 720 00:26:11,236 --> 00:26:14,773 TO THE VIVIDNESS, THE 721 00:26:14,773 --> 00:26:17,742 EVER-CHANGING PICTURE THAT I 722 00:26:17,742 --> 00:26:19,044 SEE, STARING AT THIS PLANET. 723 00:26:19,044 --> 00:26:22,580 EVERYTHING FROM THE COLORS TO 724 00:26:22,580 --> 00:26:24,916 WHAT CHANGES THE ATMOSPHERE GO 725 00:26:24,916 --> 00:26:26,384 THROUGH, DEPENDING ON WHERE THE 726 00:26:26,384 --> 00:26:29,387 SUN ANGLE IS AND WHETHER THE 727 00:26:29,387 --> 00:26:30,288 MOON IS IN THE VIEW OR NOT, TO 728 00:26:30,288 --> 00:26:31,723 JUST HOW FAST WE'RE GOING OVER 729 00:26:31,723 --> 00:26:34,492 THE SURFACE OF IT, THE WAY 730 00:26:34,492 --> 00:26:35,160 SHADOWS ARE CHANGING. 731 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:36,828 YOU COULD SEE THE SAME LAND MASS 732 00:26:36,828 --> 00:26:38,630 OVER A PERIOD OF TWO WEEKS, AND 733 00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:39,531 IT LOOKED COMPLETELY DIFFERENT 734 00:26:39,531 --> 00:26:40,699 BECAUSE OF THAT. 735 00:26:40,699 --> 00:26:45,670 TO THEN LOOKING AT THE STARS IN 736 00:26:45,670 --> 00:26:46,371 THE BLACKNESS. 737 00:26:46,371 --> 00:26:48,606 A BLACK THAT NOTHING HERE ON 738 00:26:48,606 --> 00:26:57,182 EARTH EVER COULD REPLICATE. 739 00:26:57,182 --> 00:26:59,617 AND THEN YOU LOOK AT THE SPACE 740 00:26:59,617 --> 00:27:00,452 STATION AROUND YOU AND YOU'RE 741 00:27:00,452 --> 00:27:02,754 LIKE, THIS IS AMAZING. 742 00:27:02,754 --> 00:27:04,589 AND ALL THE PEOPLE WHO ARE A 743 00:27:04,589 --> 00:27:08,693 PART OF THIS STRUCTURE, EITHER 744 00:27:08,693 --> 00:27:10,562 AT THEIR DESKS, YOU KNOW, 745 00:27:10,562 --> 00:27:11,930 CREATING THE NEXT GREAT MARVEL 746 00:27:11,930 --> 00:27:14,165 OR THEY'RE SITTING IN MISSION 747 00:27:14,165 --> 00:27:18,570 CONTROL, CONTROLLING EVERYTHING. 748 00:27:18,570 --> 00:27:22,440 THAT'S WHERE IT KIND OF HITS 749 00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:23,041 YOU. 750 00:27:23,041 --> 00:27:25,577 YOU ARE BUT A SMALL FRACTION OF 751 00:27:25,577 --> 00:27:27,312 THE HUMAN RACE THAT WILL EVER 752 00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:31,282 GET TO SEE THIS, THE WAY IT IS 753 00:27:31,282 --> 00:27:36,488 RIGHT NOW. 754 00:27:36,488 --> 00:27:40,025 ♪ 755 00:27:40,025 --> 00:27:40,925 >> YOU CAN GET ANOTHER LOOK AT 756 00:27:40,925 --> 00:27:42,293 ANY OF THE STORIES WE FEATURED 757 00:27:42,293 --> 00:27:44,662 TODAY BY CHECKING US OUT ON OUR 758 00:27:44,662 --> 00:27:45,930 YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK SITES. 759 00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:47,065 THERE ARE THE ADDRESSES. 760 00:27:47,065 --> 00:27:49,434 BE SURE TO LOOK AROUND FOR OTHER 761 00:27:49,434 --> 00:27:50,635 STUFF, TOO, BECAUSE THERE'S LOTS 762 00:27:50,635 --> 00:27:51,803 OF GOOD STUFF THERE FOR YOU TO 763 00:27:51,803 --> 00:27:52,037 SEE. 764 00:27:52,037 --> 00:27:53,705 AND IF YOU'RE OUT ON THE 765 00:27:53,705 --> 00:27:56,775 INTERNET ANYWAY, CHECK OUT 766 00:27:56,775 --> 00:27:58,777 "HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PODCAST." 767 00:27:58,777 --> 00:28:01,846 WE TALK TO FOLKS ABOUT ALL THEIR 768 00:28:01,846 --> 00:28:03,448 WORK IN SPACE EXPLORATION. 769 00:28:03,448 --> 00:28:05,417 TODAY, GARY JORDAN LEARNS MORE 770 00:28:05,417 --> 00:28:08,620 ABOUT HOW NASA ASTRONAUTS ARE 771 00:28:08,620 --> 00:28:12,190 TRAINED FOR THEIR MISSION IN A 772 00:28:12,190 --> 00:28:13,358 CONVERSATION WITH CHIEF TRAINING 773 00:28:13,358 --> 00:28:15,527 OFFICER KATHY BOLT. 774 00:28:15,527 --> 00:28:16,661 YOU CAN ALSO FIND ALL OF OUR 775 00:28:16,661 --> 00:28:17,495 PREVIOUS EPISODES. 776 00:28:17,495 --> 00:28:18,763 YOU'LL ALSO FIND THE FULL 777 00:28:18,763 --> 00:28:21,066 LIBRARY OF ALL THE NASA 778 00:28:21,066 --> 00:28:22,133 PODCASTS, ALL OF WHICH YOU CAN 779 00:28:22,133 --> 00:28:24,602 ALSO LISTEN TO ON APPLE 780 00:28:24,602 --> 00:28:26,371 PODCASTS, GOOGLE PODCASTS, AND 781 00:28:26,371 --> 00:28:27,072 SOUND CLOUD. 782 00:28:27,072 --> 00:28:37,082 THIS IS MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON.