1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,707 ♪ ♪ 2 00:00:07,707 --> 00:00:29,028 ♪ ♪ 3 00:00:29,028 --> 00:00:32,532 >>> IGNITION SEQUENCE STARTS. 4 00:00:32,532 --> 00:00:40,340 ♪ ♪ 5 00:00:40,340 --> 00:00:41,040 >>> GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO 6 00:00:41,040 --> 00:00:42,876 MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON AND THE 7 00:00:42,876 --> 00:00:44,277 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 8 00:00:44,277 --> 00:00:45,378 FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM. 9 00:00:45,378 --> 00:00:46,579 THE MEN AND WOMEN YOU SIGH AT 10 00:00:46,579 --> 00:00:48,081 THE CONSOLES THIS MORNING MAKE 11 00:00:48,081 --> 00:00:52,285 UP THE ORBIT 2 BEAM-- ORBIT TWO 12 00:00:52,285 --> 00:00:53,586 OF FLIGHT CONTROLLERS, HELPING 13 00:00:53,586 --> 00:00:54,587 THE CREW MEMBERS WITH THEIR 14 00:00:54,587 --> 00:00:55,889 SCIENCE AND MAINTENANCE WORK IN 15 00:00:55,889 --> 00:00:57,090 SPACE. 16 00:00:57,090 --> 00:00:58,491 AFTER MAKING SOME HISTORY LAST 17 00:00:58,491 --> 00:01:00,593 WEEK, WITH A SPACEWALK BY FLIGHT 18 00:01:00,593 --> 00:01:02,595 ENGINEERS CHRISTINA KOCH AND 19 00:01:02,595 --> 00:01:07,100 JESSICA MEIR, THEY TURNED THEIR 20 00:01:07,100 --> 00:01:08,601 ATTENTION TO THE STATION'S 21 00:01:08,601 --> 00:01:11,905 SCIENCE ANY THINGS, TO SUPPORT 22 00:01:11,905 --> 00:01:16,209 CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH. 23 00:01:16,209 --> 00:01:18,211 >>> WELCOME BACK TO SPACE 24 00:01:18,211 --> 00:01:18,711 PROGRAM. 25 00:01:18,711 --> 00:01:20,213 THIS WEEK SCIENCE HARDWARE 26 00:01:20,213 --> 00:01:22,115 INSSTATION ON STATION AND MORE. 27 00:01:22,115 --> 00:01:24,717 -- INSULATION ON STATION AND 28 00:01:24,717 --> 00:01:25,118 MORE. 29 00:01:25,118 --> 00:01:27,520 NEW LIFE SCIENCE HARDWARE INSIDE 30 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:30,623 THE CASE'S LABORATORY, CALLED 31 00:01:30,623 --> 00:01:32,025 THE CELL BIOLOGY. 32 00:01:32,025 --> 00:01:33,626 THIS IS AN UPIDENTIFIED JAPANESE 33 00:01:33,626 --> 00:01:35,028 DEVICE USED THIS VARIOUS LIFE 34 00:01:35,028 --> 00:01:36,029 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS SUCH AS 35 00:01:36,029 --> 00:01:38,031 CULTIVATING CELLS AND PLANTS. 36 00:01:38,031 --> 00:01:42,469 CELL AND MOW MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 37 00:01:42,469 --> 00:01:43,570 RESEARCH CUTS ACROSS ALL 38 00:01:43,570 --> 00:01:45,772 DISCIPLINES FROM UNDERSTANDING 39 00:01:45,772 --> 00:01:47,373 HOW SINGLE CELL ORGANISMS 40 00:01:47,373 --> 00:01:49,576 RESPONSE TO SPACE FLIGHT TO HOW 41 00:01:49,576 --> 00:01:51,778 ALL THE TISSUE OR ORGAN WORK 42 00:01:51,778 --> 00:01:54,280 TOGETHER TO HELP AN ORGANISM 43 00:01:54,280 --> 00:01:55,882 ACCLIMATE TO A FOREIGN 44 00:01:55,882 --> 00:01:57,183 ENVIRONMENT BY USING THE NEWLY 45 00:01:57,183 --> 00:01:59,486 INSTALLED-- ASTRONAUTS CAN 46 00:01:59,486 --> 00:02:00,887 HANDLE THE PROCESSING OF MORE 47 00:02:00,887 --> 00:02:02,689 SAMPLES ON THE STATION. 48 00:02:02,689 --> 00:02:04,591 NASA ASTRONAUTS CHRISTINA KOCH 49 00:02:04,591 --> 00:02:06,893 AND JESSICA MEIR WHO COMPLETED 50 00:02:06,893 --> 00:02:08,394 THE ALL-WOMAN SPACEWALK ON 51 00:02:08,394 --> 00:02:09,996 OCTOBER 18th PARTICIPATED IN A 52 00:02:09,996 --> 00:02:11,097 PRESENCE CONFERENCE FROM ORBIT 53 00:02:11,097 --> 00:02:14,200 ON OCTOBER 21st. 54 00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:15,702 THE DUO ANSWERS QUESTIONED ABOUT 55 00:02:15,702 --> 00:02:17,303 THEIR SEVEN HOUR SPACEWALK, 56 00:02:17,303 --> 00:02:18,905 WHICH INCLUDED REPLACING A 57 00:02:18,905 --> 00:02:20,106 FAILED POWER CONTROLLER AND 58 00:02:20,106 --> 00:02:21,207 SEVERAL OTHER TASKS IN 59 00:02:21,207 --> 00:02:22,208 PREPARATION FOR FUTURE 60 00:02:22,208 --> 00:02:24,711 SPACEWALKS. 61 00:02:24,711 --> 00:02:25,912 >> I DEFINITELY DRAWN 62 00:02:25,912 --> 00:02:27,313 ENCOURAGEMENT FROM MENTORS THAT 63 00:02:27,313 --> 00:02:29,115 I CAN SEE REFLECTIONS OF MYSELF 64 00:02:29,115 --> 00:02:30,116 IN THROUGHOUT MY LIFE. 65 00:02:30,116 --> 00:02:31,618 SO RECOGNIZING THAT WE MAY BE 66 00:02:31,618 --> 00:02:33,820 OFFERING THAT FOR FUTURE SPACE 67 00:02:33,820 --> 00:02:36,723 EXPLORERS OR ANYONE PURSUING A 68 00:02:36,723 --> 00:02:37,924 DREAM WAS DEFINITELY A PRIVILEGE 69 00:02:37,924 --> 00:02:38,825 AND AN HONOR. 70 00:02:38,825 --> 00:02:40,827 FOR US, YOU KNOW, WHEN WE SEE 71 00:02:40,827 --> 00:02:42,462 THAT MANY TIMES IN OUR LIVES, IT 72 00:02:42,462 --> 00:02:43,663 DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF 73 00:02:43,663 --> 00:02:45,465 SOMEBODY CAN IDENTIFY WITH 74 00:02:45,465 --> 00:02:47,066 SOMEBODY-- SOMETHING ABOUT 75 00:02:47,066 --> 00:02:48,668 THEM, SOMETHING-- SOME KIND OF 76 00:02:48,668 --> 00:02:49,869 SHARED EXPERIENCE WITH THEM, 77 00:02:49,869 --> 00:02:51,471 WHETHER IT'S SOMETHING SIMILAR 78 00:02:51,471 --> 00:02:52,872 TO THEIR BACKGROUND OR 79 00:02:52,872 --> 00:02:54,274 EXPERIENCES OR WHAT THEY LOOK 80 00:02:54,274 --> 00:02:56,376 LIKE OR THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE 81 00:02:56,376 --> 00:02:57,677 LONG CURLY BROWN HAIR. 82 00:02:57,677 --> 00:02:59,679 WHO KNOWS. 83 00:02:59,679 --> 00:03:01,080 SOMETIMES THAT MAKES IT EASIER 84 00:03:01,080 --> 00:03:02,882 TO HAVE INSPIRATION, HAVE A 85 00:03:02,882 --> 00:03:04,083 CONNECTION, AND MOTIVATION FOR 86 00:03:04,083 --> 00:03:05,084 SOMETHING GREAT. 87 00:03:05,084 --> 00:03:06,586 SO IT REALLY DOES MEAN A GREAT 88 00:03:06,586 --> 00:03:09,289 DEAL FOR US TO HAVE THIS, TO 89 00:03:09,289 --> 00:03:10,490 SHARE THAT EXPERIENCE TOGETHER 90 00:03:10,490 --> 00:03:12,492 AND HOPEFULLY IT DOES INSPIRE 91 00:03:12,492 --> 00:03:13,793 AND EDUCATE THOSE THAT WILL 92 00:03:13,793 --> 00:03:14,994 FOLLOW US. 93 00:03:14,994 --> 00:03:16,095 >> THIS WEEK'S QUESTION COMES 94 00:03:16,095 --> 00:03:16,896 FROM ALEX. 95 00:03:16,896 --> 00:03:18,498 SHE WANTS TO KNOW IF ASTRONAUTS 96 00:03:18,498 --> 00:03:19,799 CAN LISTEN TO MUSIC WHEN THEY 97 00:03:19,799 --> 00:03:20,600 WORK. 98 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:22,201 THE ANSWER IS YES. 99 00:03:22,201 --> 00:03:23,503 ASTRONAUTS CAN LISTEN TO MUSIC 100 00:03:23,503 --> 00:03:24,304 WHEN THEY WORK. 101 00:03:24,304 --> 00:03:26,005 IN FACT, MUSIC HAS BEEN 102 00:03:26,005 --> 00:03:29,509 INTERWOVEN THROUGHOUT SPACE 103 00:03:29,509 --> 00:03:32,011 FLIGHT HISTORY. 104 00:03:32,011 --> 00:03:35,114 ADDITIONALLY, FLIGHT PLANRERS ON 105 00:03:35,114 --> 00:03:36,816 EARTH SCHEDULE ASTRONAUTS TO 106 00:03:36,816 --> 00:03:38,918 RELAX AND HAVE SOME FUN. 107 00:03:38,918 --> 00:03:41,220 SOME BRING THEIR OWN INSTRUMENTS 108 00:03:41,220 --> 00:03:43,056 TO SHARE TUNES, LIVE IN SPACES. 109 00:03:43,056 --> 00:03:43,957 ♪ ♪ 110 00:03:43,957 --> 00:03:44,757 >> KEEP SENDING IN YOUR 111 00:03:44,757 --> 00:03:47,560 QUESTIONS USING #ASK NASA. 112 00:03:47,560 --> 00:03:50,163 WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK. 113 00:03:50,163 --> 00:03:54,267 ♪ ♪ 114 00:03:54,267 --> 00:04:03,476 ♪ ♪ 115 00:04:03,476 --> 00:04:04,177 >>> ON THE SUBJECT OF 116 00:04:04,177 --> 00:04:05,278 SPACEWALKS, MANY ASTRONAUTS ON 117 00:04:05,278 --> 00:04:06,479 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 118 00:04:06,479 --> 00:04:07,480 GET THE OPPORTUNITY TO 119 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:12,085 PARTICIPATE IN SPACEWALKS. 120 00:04:12,085 --> 00:04:14,087 THESE CREDITING IMPORTANT TO 121 00:04:14,087 --> 00:04:15,088 KEEP THE STATION FUNCTIONING 122 00:04:15,088 --> 00:04:17,090 PROPERLY, TO SUPPORT THE SCIENCE 123 00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:17,790 ACTIVITIES. 124 00:04:17,790 --> 00:04:18,891 THINK OF THE SERIES OF BATTERY 125 00:04:18,891 --> 00:04:20,193 REPLACEMENT SPACEWALKS THAT 126 00:04:20,193 --> 00:04:21,694 STARTED EARLY THIS MONTH. 127 00:04:21,694 --> 00:04:23,997 OR THE ALPHA MAGNETIC 128 00:04:23,997 --> 00:04:26,299 SPECTROMETER SPACEWALKS THAT ARE 129 00:04:26,299 --> 00:04:28,201 TARGETED TO STARTER LATER THIS 130 00:04:28,201 --> 00:04:29,202 YEAR. 131 00:04:29,202 --> 00:04:31,004 IN THIS VIDEO ASTRONAUT RICKY 132 00:04:31,004 --> 00:04:33,406 ARNOLD GIVES US A TOUR OF THE 133 00:04:33,406 --> 00:04:34,907 SPACE SUIT THAT KEEP ASTRONAUTS 134 00:04:34,907 --> 00:04:36,209 SAFE AS THEY PERFORM MAINTENANCE 135 00:04:36,209 --> 00:04:38,811 IN THE HARSH ENVIRONMENT 136 00:04:38,811 --> 00:04:42,448 SURROUNDING THE SPACE STATION. 137 00:04:42,448 --> 00:04:43,850 ♪ ♪ 138 00:04:43,850 --> 00:04:55,762 ♪ ♪ 139 00:04:55,762 --> 00:04:56,863 >> SO WE'RE STANDING IN THE 140 00:04:56,863 --> 00:04:58,064 QUEST AIR LOCK WHICH IS DIVIDED 141 00:04:58,064 --> 00:04:58,865 INTO TWO PARTS. 142 00:04:58,865 --> 00:05:00,667 WE HAVE THE EQUIPMENT LOCK AND 143 00:05:00,667 --> 00:05:01,868 WE HAVE THE CREW LOCK. 144 00:05:01,868 --> 00:05:04,570 THIS EQUIPMENT LOCK HAS A HATCH 145 00:05:04,570 --> 00:05:05,772 RIGHT HERE THAT CLOSES AND THE 146 00:05:05,772 --> 00:05:07,273 CREW LOCK HAS ANOTHER HATCH. 147 00:05:07,273 --> 00:05:09,876 THE EMU, OR THE EXTRA VEHICULAR 148 00:05:09,876 --> 00:05:11,978 MOBILITY UNIT, IS OUR SPACE 149 00:05:11,978 --> 00:05:12,378 SUIT. 150 00:05:12,378 --> 00:05:13,479 AND IT'S DIVIDED ROUGHLY INTO 151 00:05:13,479 --> 00:05:14,080 TWO PARTS. 152 00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:16,382 WE HAVE THE HARD UPPER TORSO, 153 00:05:16,382 --> 00:05:17,583 WHICH IS ALMOST LIKE A TURTLE 154 00:05:17,583 --> 00:05:18,885 SHELL. 155 00:05:18,885 --> 00:05:21,187 IT'S A HARD FIBERGLASS SHELL. 156 00:05:21,187 --> 00:05:23,089 AND THEN WE HAVE THE LOWER TORSO 157 00:05:23,089 --> 00:05:24,290 ASSEMBLY. 158 00:05:24,290 --> 00:05:26,592 THESE SPACE SUITS ARE OUR OWN. 159 00:05:26,592 --> 00:05:27,794 SPACECRAFT AND THEY HAVE 160 00:05:27,794 --> 00:05:28,995 EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KEEP YOU 161 00:05:28,995 --> 00:05:31,097 ALIVE OUT IN SPACE FOR SEVEN TO 162 00:05:31,097 --> 00:05:32,398 EIGHT HOURS. 163 00:05:32,398 --> 00:05:34,300 MAYBE EVEN LONGER, DEPENDING ON 164 00:05:34,300 --> 00:05:35,501 HOW HARD YOU'RE WORKING. 165 00:05:35,501 --> 00:05:37,103 THE ONLY THING THAT THEY DO NOT 166 00:05:37,103 --> 00:05:39,005 HAVE, AND THEY HAVE RADIOS, 167 00:05:39,005 --> 00:05:42,241 OXYGEN, HAS CAR WON DIOXIDE 168 00:05:42,241 --> 00:05:43,943 SCRUBBING, TEMPERATURE CONTROL, 169 00:05:43,943 --> 00:05:45,244 IT HAS EVERYTHING YOU NEED 170 00:05:45,244 --> 00:05:47,246 EXCEPT FOR ONE THING. 171 00:05:47,246 --> 00:05:48,448 A RESTROOM. 172 00:05:48,448 --> 00:05:49,949 SO WHEN WE GET READY FOR OUR 173 00:05:49,949 --> 00:05:52,051 EVA, THE FIRST THING WE PUT ON 174 00:05:52,051 --> 00:05:54,654 IN THE MORNING IS A DIAPER. 175 00:05:54,654 --> 00:05:57,557 AND THAT'S OUR FIRST LAYER. 176 00:05:57,557 --> 00:05:59,959 THEN OVER THE DIAPER WE PUT ON A 177 00:05:59,959 --> 00:06:02,862 PAIR OF LONG JOHNS AND THAT'S TO 178 00:06:02,862 --> 00:06:04,263 KEEP OUR ARMS AND LEGS FROM 179 00:06:04,263 --> 00:06:05,765 GETTING STRIPPED UP. 180 00:06:05,765 --> 00:06:07,066 AND IT PROVIDES WICKING IN CASE 181 00:06:07,066 --> 00:06:08,367 YOU'RE GETTING HOT AND SWEATY. 182 00:06:08,367 --> 00:06:11,070 THE NEXT LAYER IS OUR LIQUID 183 00:06:11,070 --> 00:06:12,171 COOLING GARMENT. 184 00:06:12,171 --> 00:06:13,673 AND IT HAS LITTLE TUBES RUNNING 185 00:06:13,673 --> 00:06:15,575 THROUGH IT, WHICH ALLOW WATER TO 186 00:06:15,575 --> 00:06:18,878 CIRCULATE WITHIN INSIDE TO 187 00:06:18,878 --> 00:06:20,379 PROVIDE COOLING WHEN WE'RE 188 00:06:20,379 --> 00:06:22,281 OUTSIDE WORKING REALLY HARD. 189 00:06:22,281 --> 00:06:24,083 SO WE'VE GOT THE DIAPER, WE'VE 190 00:06:24,083 --> 00:06:27,587 GOT LONG JOHNS, WE GOT THE LCBJ, 191 00:06:27,587 --> 00:06:29,589 AND THEN WE'RE GOING TO WEAR A 192 00:06:29,589 --> 00:06:31,390 SPACE SUIT. 193 00:06:31,390 --> 00:06:34,894 SEVEN LAYERS FROM THE BLADDER 194 00:06:34,894 --> 00:06:35,895 ALL THE WAY UP TO THE WHITE 195 00:06:35,895 --> 00:06:37,096 LAYER ON THE OUTSIDE. 196 00:06:37,096 --> 00:06:39,298 THE CREW MEMBER INSIDE THIS 197 00:06:39,298 --> 00:06:41,000 SPACE SUIT IS ALSO WEARING WHAT 198 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:42,935 WE CALL A SNOOPY CAP. 199 00:06:42,935 --> 00:06:44,437 IT'S A COMMUNICATIONS CAP. 200 00:06:44,437 --> 00:06:45,938 WE HAVE A RADIO SO WE CAN TALK 201 00:06:45,938 --> 00:06:47,039 TO NOT ONLY THE HOUSTON BUT WE 202 00:06:47,039 --> 00:06:49,142 CAN TALK TO PEOPLE ON THE SPACE 203 00:06:49,142 --> 00:06:50,243 STATION AND TO EACH OTHER. 204 00:06:50,243 --> 00:06:51,644 SO WE WEAR THIS COMMUNICATION 205 00:06:51,644 --> 00:06:55,548 CAP INSIDE THE HELMET. 206 00:06:55,548 --> 00:06:57,750 ALSO, ANOTHER COMPONENT, KEY 207 00:06:57,750 --> 00:07:00,753 COMPONENT OF THE EMU OR OUR 208 00:07:00,753 --> 00:07:31,684 SPACE SUIT IS THE. 209 00:07:31,684 --> 00:07:43,329 ♪ ♪ 210 00:07:43,329 --> 00:07:44,831 >>> THOSE THAT PAVED THE WAY FOR 211 00:07:44,831 --> 00:07:46,432 US TO BE WHERE WE ARE TODAY, WE 212 00:07:46,432 --> 00:07:47,834 JUST HAVE THE UTMOST 213 00:07:47,834 --> 00:07:49,335 APPRECIATION FOR THEM. 214 00:07:49,335 --> 00:07:50,937 AND I THINK WE JUST PAY HOMAGE 215 00:07:50,937 --> 00:07:52,638 TO THE FACT THAT THEY ALLOWED US 216 00:07:52,638 --> 00:07:54,540 TO DO WHAT WE DO TODAY AND TO 217 00:07:54,540 --> 00:07:58,044 ACHIEVE THE DREAMS THAT WE HAVE. 218 00:07:58,044 --> 00:08:02,548 ♪ ♪ 219 00:08:02,548 --> 00:08:03,850 >> IT WAS REALLY AN INCREDIBLE 220 00:08:03,850 --> 00:08:04,250 EXPERIENCE. 221 00:08:04,250 --> 00:08:05,751 AND IT'S DIFFICULT TO PUT IT 222 00:08:05,751 --> 00:08:07,553 INTO WORDS THE MIXTURE OF 223 00:08:07,553 --> 00:08:08,855 EMOTIONS AND FEELS THAT YOU HAVE 224 00:08:08,855 --> 00:08:09,956 WHEN YOU'RE GOING OUT THE DOOR 225 00:08:09,956 --> 00:08:10,957 THE FIRST TIME. 226 00:08:10,957 --> 00:08:13,159 BUT I WILL NEVER FORGET THAT 227 00:08:13,159 --> 00:08:14,460 MOMENT COMING OUT THE HATCH AND 228 00:08:14,460 --> 00:08:15,962 LOOKING DOWN AND SEEING JUST MY 229 00:08:15,962 --> 00:08:17,463 BOOTS AND THE EARTH BELOW AND IT 230 00:08:17,463 --> 00:08:19,065 WAS SUCH A SPECTACULAR AND 231 00:08:19,065 --> 00:08:20,266 BEAUTIFUL SIGHT. 232 00:08:20,266 --> 00:08:21,167 IT WAS REALLY QUITE 233 00:08:21,167 --> 00:08:21,868 OVERWHELMING. 234 00:08:21,868 --> 00:08:23,870 AND WE WENT OUT AND DID THE 235 00:08:23,870 --> 00:08:24,971 SCROB THAT WE HAD TO DO AND 236 00:08:24,971 --> 00:08:26,672 WE'RE LUCKY ENOUGH TO HAVE SOME 237 00:08:26,672 --> 00:08:28,975 TIME TO ENJOY THE VIEW AS WELL. 238 00:08:28,975 --> 00:08:30,476 >> I'VE DEFINITELY DRAWN 239 00:08:30,476 --> 00:08:31,677 ENCOURAGEMENT FROM MENTORS THAT 240 00:08:31,677 --> 00:08:33,279 I CAN SEE REFLECTIONS OF MYSELF 241 00:08:33,279 --> 00:08:34,780 IN THROUGHOUT MY LIFE. 242 00:08:34,780 --> 00:08:35,781 AND SO RECOGNIZING THAT WE MAY 243 00:08:35,781 --> 00:08:37,383 BE OFFERING THAT FOR FUTURE 244 00:08:37,383 --> 00:08:41,387 SPACE EXPLORERS OR ANY ANYONE 245 00:08:41,387 --> 00:08:43,022 PURSUING A DREAM WAS DEFINITELY 246 00:08:43,022 --> 00:08:46,125 A PRIVILEGE AND AN HONOR. 247 00:08:46,125 --> 00:08:48,828 ♪ ♪ 248 00:08:48,828 --> 00:08:50,429 >> I THINK THAT WE DO RECOGNIZE, 249 00:08:50,429 --> 00:08:51,931 IT IS A HISTORICAL ACHIEVEMENT. 250 00:08:51,931 --> 00:08:53,733 IT DOES CARRY A LOT OF WEIGHT TO 251 00:08:53,733 --> 00:08:54,433 OTHER PEOPLE. 252 00:08:54,433 --> 00:08:56,135 AND FOR US, YOU KNOW, WHEN WE 253 00:08:56,135 --> 00:08:58,037 SEE THAT MANY TIMES IN OUR 254 00:08:58,037 --> 00:08:59,438 LIVES, IT DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE 255 00:08:59,438 --> 00:09:01,741 IF SOMEBODY CAN IDENTIFY WITH 256 00:09:01,741 --> 00:09:02,842 SOMEBODY-- SOMETHING ABOUT 257 00:09:02,842 --> 00:09:04,543 THEM, SOMETHING-- SOME KIND OF 258 00:09:04,543 --> 00:09:05,745 SHARED EXPERIENCE WITH THEM, 259 00:09:05,745 --> 00:09:07,246 WHETHER IT'S SOMETHING SIMILAR 260 00:09:07,246 --> 00:09:08,648 TO THEIR BACKGROUND OR 261 00:09:08,648 --> 00:09:10,249 EXPERIENCES OR WHAT THEY LOOK 262 00:09:10,249 --> 00:09:11,651 LIKE OR THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE 263 00:09:11,651 --> 00:09:13,653 LONG CURLY BROWN HAIR, WHO 264 00:09:13,653 --> 00:09:16,155 KNOWS-- SOMETIMES THAT MAKES IT 265 00:09:16,155 --> 00:09:19,358 EASIER TO HAVE I EXPLANATION, 266 00:09:19,358 --> 00:09:20,459 HAVE A CONNECT AND MOTIVATION 267 00:09:20,459 --> 00:09:23,162 FOR-- AN INSPIRATION AND A 268 00:09:23,162 --> 00:09:24,864 CONNECTION AND MOTIVATION FOR 269 00:09:24,864 --> 00:09:27,066 SOMETHING GREAT. 270 00:09:27,066 --> 00:09:28,367 WE'RE IN SORT OF A NEW CHAPTER 271 00:09:28,367 --> 00:09:31,470 NOW, WHERE WE'VE CROSSED THAT 272 00:09:31,470 --> 00:09:33,673 LINE AND NOW TWO WOMEN HAVE DONE 273 00:09:33,673 --> 00:09:33,973 IT. 274 00:09:33,973 --> 00:09:36,976 SO HOPEFULLY IT WILL WILL BE 275 00:09:36,976 --> 00:09:41,380 COMMON AND-- COMMONPLACE AND IT 276 00:09:41,380 --> 00:09:44,483 WON'T NECESSARILY BE A BIG DEAL 277 00:09:44,483 --> 00:09:46,986 DOWN THE ROAD. 278 00:09:46,986 --> 00:09:52,358 >>> THE NEXT LAYER IS OUR LIQUID 279 00:09:52,358 --> 00:09:56,128 COOLING, AND THE LCDG HAS LITTLE 280 00:09:56,128 --> 00:09:57,763 TUBES RUNNING THROUGH IT THAT 281 00:09:57,763 --> 00:09:59,765 ALLOW WATER TO TRICK LATE INSIDE 282 00:09:59,765 --> 00:10:01,834 OF IT TO PROVIDE COOLING WHEN 283 00:10:01,834 --> 00:10:03,102 WE'RE OUTSIDE WORKING REALLY 284 00:10:03,102 --> 00:10:03,903 HARD. 285 00:10:03,903 --> 00:10:05,604 SO WE'VE GOT THE DIAPER, WE'VE 286 00:10:05,604 --> 00:10:07,473 GOT LONG JOHNS, WE'VE GOT THE 287 00:10:07,473 --> 00:10:09,508 LPDGE AND THEN WE'RE GOING TO 288 00:10:09,508 --> 00:10:12,478 WEAR A SPACE SUIT. 289 00:10:12,478 --> 00:10:14,313 SEVEN LAYERS FROM THE BLADDER ON 290 00:10:14,313 --> 00:10:18,517 THE INSIDE, IT IS A RUBBERIZED 291 00:10:18,517 --> 00:10:19,518 BLADDER. 292 00:10:19,518 --> 00:10:21,320 THE CREW MEMBER INSIDE OF THIS 293 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:23,489 SPACE SUIT IS ALSO WEARING THIS 294 00:10:23,489 --> 00:10:24,757 SNOOPY CAP. 295 00:10:24,757 --> 00:10:26,325 IT'S A COMMUNICATIONS CAP WHERE 296 00:10:26,325 --> 00:10:27,560 WE HAVE A RADIO SO WE CAN TALK 297 00:10:27,560 --> 00:10:29,061 TO NOT ONLY TO HOUSTON BUT WE 298 00:10:29,061 --> 00:10:30,429 CAN TALK TO PEOPLE ON THE SPACE 299 00:10:30,429 --> 00:10:31,864 STATION AND TO EACH OTHER. 300 00:10:31,864 --> 00:10:33,366 SO WE WEAR THIS COMMUNICATION 301 00:10:33,366 --> 00:10:37,536 CAP INSIDE OF THE HELMET. 302 00:10:37,536 --> 00:10:39,538 ALSO ANOTHER COMPONENT, KEY 303 00:10:39,538 --> 00:10:42,575 COMPONENT OF THE EMU OF OUR 304 00:10:42,575 --> 00:10:44,276 SPACE SUIT IS THE HELMET. 305 00:10:44,276 --> 00:10:47,046 YOU CAN SEE THE HELMET HAS A 306 00:10:47,046 --> 00:10:48,781 GOLD VISOR THAT PROTECTS US FROM 307 00:10:48,781 --> 00:10:50,583 THE RAYS OF THE SUN. 308 00:10:50,583 --> 00:10:52,585 IT CAN BRING IT DOWN. 309 00:10:52,585 --> 00:10:55,454 IT'S BRIGHT OUT THERE AND THE 310 00:10:55,454 --> 00:10:57,356 GOLD VISOR HELPS REFLECT THE 311 00:10:57,356 --> 00:10:58,891 RAYS OF THE SUN SO WE CAN SEE 312 00:10:58,891 --> 00:10:59,859 AND OPERATE IN DAYLIGHT. 313 00:10:59,859 --> 00:11:01,827 AT NIGHTTIME, WE CAN RAISE THIS 314 00:11:01,827 --> 00:11:03,863 VISOR UP, GIVES US A CLEARER 315 00:11:03,863 --> 00:11:06,432 VIEW AND ADDITIONALLY, WE HAVE 316 00:11:06,432 --> 00:11:09,502 HELMET LIGHTS BUILT INTO THE 317 00:11:09,502 --> 00:11:09,869 HELMET. 318 00:11:09,869 --> 00:11:11,637 ON TOP OF THE HELMET, WE HAVE A 319 00:11:11,637 --> 00:11:13,606 TELEVISION CAMERA, SO THE GROUND 320 00:11:13,606 --> 00:11:15,007 IS ABLE TO WATCH US WHILE WE 321 00:11:15,007 --> 00:11:16,976 WORK THROUGH THESE TV CAMERAS, 322 00:11:16,976 --> 00:11:18,711 THE WORK IS DONE WITH HANDS, AND 323 00:11:18,711 --> 00:11:21,280 SO OUR GLOVES ARE REALLY OUR 324 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:22,715 MOST IMPORTANT PIECE OF 325 00:11:22,715 --> 00:11:24,050 EQUIPMENT IN ORDER FOR US TO 326 00:11:24,050 --> 00:11:24,450 WORK OUTSIDE. 327 00:11:24,450 --> 00:11:25,284 AND ONE OF THE REAL CHALLENGES 328 00:11:25,284 --> 00:11:27,153 OF A SPACE WALK IS YOU HAVE THIS 329 00:11:27,153 --> 00:11:29,488 HEAVY GLOVED HAND WHICH IS 330 00:11:29,488 --> 00:11:31,457 INFLATED SO IT WANTS TO STAY 331 00:11:31,457 --> 00:11:32,958 LIKE A BALLOON. 332 00:11:32,958 --> 00:11:35,594 BUT WE WALK BY GRABBING ON TO 333 00:11:35,594 --> 00:11:36,929 HAND RAILS AND MAKING OUR WAY 334 00:11:36,929 --> 00:11:38,431 ALONG THE ISS. 335 00:11:38,431 --> 00:11:40,032 SO EVERY TIME YOU MOVE YOUR 336 00:11:40,032 --> 00:11:42,268 HAND, YOU'RE FIGHTING AGAINST A 337 00:11:42,268 --> 00:11:43,836 BALLOON THAT WANTS TO INFLATE 338 00:11:43,836 --> 00:11:45,271 AND THEN ON TOP OF THAT, ALL OF 339 00:11:45,271 --> 00:11:46,772 OUR EQUIPMENT IS BASED ON USING 340 00:11:46,772 --> 00:11:50,976 YOUR HANDS, TOO, SO AFTER 6.5 TO 341 00:11:50,976 --> 00:11:52,711 7 HOURS OF FIGHTING THIS GLOVE, 342 00:11:52,711 --> 00:11:54,547 IT'S A LONG DAY AND YOUR HANDS 343 00:11:54,547 --> 00:11:56,615 ARE THE MOST EXHAUSTED AFTER 7 344 00:11:56,615 --> 00:11:58,350 HOURS OUT ON AN EVA. 345 00:11:58,350 --> 00:12:00,252 WELL, WE'RE GOING OUT TO WORK, 346 00:12:00,252 --> 00:12:06,225 YOU SAW ME MOVE THIS MINI WORK 347 00:12:06,225 --> 00:12:07,159 STATION. 348 00:12:07,159 --> 00:12:09,929 EVERY SINGLE TOOL WE USE IS 349 00:12:09,929 --> 00:12:10,429 TETHERED TO US. 350 00:12:10,429 --> 00:12:12,031 WE DO NOT WANT TO ACCIDENTALLY 351 00:12:12,031 --> 00:12:13,399 CREATE SATELLITES. 352 00:12:13,399 --> 00:12:17,303 OUR PRIMARY WAY OF REMAINING 353 00:12:17,303 --> 00:12:19,805 ATTACHED TO THE ISS IF WE'RE NOT 354 00:12:19,805 --> 00:12:23,375 USING OUR HANDS IS THE WAIST 355 00:12:23,375 --> 00:12:24,677 TETHERS, THEY GO AROUND A RAIL 356 00:12:24,677 --> 00:12:26,345 OR ANYTHING ON THE ISS AND LATCH 357 00:12:26,345 --> 00:12:28,013 ON AND THEY HAVE A LOCKING 358 00:12:28,013 --> 00:12:30,549 MECHANISM AS WELL TO HOLD IT 359 00:12:30,549 --> 00:12:31,517 NICE AND TIGHT. 360 00:12:31,517 --> 00:12:35,354 WE ALWAYS WANT TO HAVE ONE OF 361 00:12:35,354 --> 00:12:35,688 THESE. 362 00:12:35,688 --> 00:12:38,023 THE BACK OF THE EMU HAS THE 363 00:12:38,023 --> 00:12:39,291 LIGHT SUPPORT SYSTEM, THE LIGHT 364 00:12:39,291 --> 00:12:41,527 SUPPORT SYSTEM CONTAINS ALL OF 365 00:12:41,527 --> 00:12:43,529 THE EQUIPMENT WE NEED FROM A UHF 366 00:12:43,529 --> 00:12:45,498 RADIO DOWN TO THE OXYGEN TANKS 367 00:12:45,498 --> 00:12:47,333 THAT PROVIDE PRIMARY OXYGEN, ONE 368 00:12:47,333 --> 00:12:49,502 OF THE CHANGES INSIDE OF THIS 369 00:12:49,502 --> 00:12:50,669 ENVIRONMENT, IT'S VERY EASY TO 370 00:12:50,669 --> 00:12:53,172 CARRY OUR OWN OXYGEN WITH US, WE 371 00:12:53,172 --> 00:12:55,975 GENERATE A LOT OF CARBON DIOXIDE 372 00:12:55,975 --> 00:12:58,844 WHEN WE'RE WORKING HARD. 373 00:12:58,844 --> 00:13:01,280 WE HAVE THESE CANISTERS, WHICH 374 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:04,150 ARE JUST SILVER OXIDE, THE AIR 375 00:13:04,150 --> 00:13:05,651 CARRIED IN THE BACKPACK ALONG 376 00:13:05,651 --> 00:13:07,786 WITH THE VERY LARGE BATTERY THAT 377 00:13:07,786 --> 00:13:10,589 PROVIDES THE ELECTRICITY FOR US, 378 00:13:10,589 --> 00:13:11,690 WE'RE IN THE PROCESS OF CHARGING 379 00:13:11,690 --> 00:13:11,957 THEM. 380 00:13:11,957 --> 00:13:13,092 WE'RE ABOUT A MONTH OUT FROM 381 00:13:13,092 --> 00:13:14,793 DOING A SPACE WALK AND WE'VE 382 00:13:14,793 --> 00:13:15,861 ALREADY STARTED GETTING READY 383 00:13:15,861 --> 00:13:16,328 FOR THAT. 384 00:13:16,328 --> 00:13:18,831 SO THIS CANISTER IS ABLE TO 385 00:13:18,831 --> 00:13:22,201 REMOVE ABOUT 7-8 HOURS OF CARBON 386 00:13:22,201 --> 00:13:23,302 DIOXIDE THAT A HUMAN CAN 387 00:13:23,302 --> 00:13:24,336 GENERATE INSIDE OF THE SPACE 388 00:13:24,336 --> 00:13:26,805 SUIT. 389 00:13:26,805 --> 00:13:28,240 THEY HAVE A LOT OF STABILITY TO 390 00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:30,709 MAINTAIN THE ISS, REPAIR 391 00:13:30,709 --> 00:13:32,578 MISSION-CRITICAL HARDWARE, 392 00:13:32,578 --> 00:13:34,413 INSTALL NEW HARD-WARE AND THE 393 00:13:34,413 --> 00:13:37,750 VIEW UNBELIEVABLE. 394 00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:59,605 SEE YOU NEXT TIME. 395 00:13:59,605 --> 00:14:00,339 . 396 00:14:00,339 --> 00:14:01,774 >> FLIGHT ENGINEER DREW MORGAN 397 00:14:01,774 --> 00:14:03,375 WILL BE ONE OF THE CREW MEMBERS 398 00:14:03,375 --> 00:14:05,778 ON THE AMS SPACE WALK, HE'S A 399 00:14:05,778 --> 00:14:07,746 GUY WHO'S HAD TO KNOW A LOT 400 00:14:07,746 --> 00:14:09,315 ABOUT A LOT OF DIFFERENT 401 00:14:09,315 --> 00:14:10,916 SUBJECTS IN ORDER TO OPERATE 402 00:14:10,916 --> 00:14:12,785 FROM WEST POINT AND BECOME AN 403 00:14:12,785 --> 00:14:15,187 DOCTOR AND AN USA NAUGHT, HE HAD 404 00:14:15,187 --> 00:14:17,456 TO KNOW SOME OF THAT IN RUSSIAN. 405 00:14:17,456 --> 00:14:22,061 HE CAN THINK FAST ON HIS FEET. 406 00:14:22,061 --> 00:14:24,630 HE FINISHED UP PREPARATIONS TO 407 00:14:24,630 --> 00:14:26,098 LAUNCH TO THE INTERNATIONAL 408 00:14:26,098 --> 00:14:28,500 SPACE STATION. 409 00:14:28,500 --> 00:14:30,169 >> THE CLOCK HAS STARTED. 410 00:14:30,169 --> 00:14:36,108 >> ROGER. 411 00:14:36,108 --> 00:14:38,410 >> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE MOTHER. 412 00:14:38,410 --> 00:14:39,511 >> BRAND OF BROTHERS. 413 00:14:39,511 --> 00:14:40,879 >> FOOD? 414 00:14:40,879 --> 00:14:42,681 >> ANYTHING SPICY. 415 00:14:42,681 --> 00:14:43,515 >> A MORNING PERSON. 416 00:14:43,515 --> 00:14:46,118 I'M NOT DEMONSTRATING THAT VERY 417 00:14:46,118 --> 00:14:46,385 WELL. 418 00:14:46,385 --> 00:14:47,319 >> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE ICE 419 00:14:47,319 --> 00:14:48,721 CREAM FLAVOR. 420 00:14:48,721 --> 00:14:51,123 >> MINT CHOCOLATE CHIP. 421 00:14:51,123 --> 00:14:52,391 >> WHAT ACCOMPLISHMENT ARE YOU 422 00:14:52,391 --> 00:14:53,192 MOST PROUD OF? 423 00:14:53,192 --> 00:14:54,260 >> MY KIDS. 424 00:14:54,260 --> 00:14:55,261 >> WHO'S THE PERSON THAT MAKES 425 00:14:55,261 --> 00:14:56,228 YOU LAUGH THE MOST? 426 00:14:56,228 --> 00:14:56,929 >> MY WIFE. 427 00:14:56,929 --> 00:14:59,064 >> WHAT'S YOUR MOST MEMORABLE 428 00:14:59,064 --> 00:15:00,833 CAREER MOMENT. 429 00:15:00,833 --> 00:15:02,534 >> GRADUATING FROM RANGER 430 00:15:02,534 --> 00:15:02,835 SCHOOL. 431 00:15:02,835 --> 00:15:04,303 >> IF YOU COULD HAVE ONE SUPER 432 00:15:04,303 --> 00:15:06,872 POWER ONLY, WHAT WOULD IT BE? 433 00:15:06,872 --> 00:15:07,840 >> TIME TRAVEL. 434 00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:09,742 >> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE PIZZA 435 00:15:09,742 --> 00:15:10,376 TOPPING 436 00:15:10,376 --> 00:15:11,543 >> LOTS OF CHEESE? 437 00:15:11,543 --> 00:15:13,879 >> YOUR FAVORITE ANIMAL. 438 00:15:13,879 --> 00:15:15,381 >> ARMADILLO. 439 00:15:15,381 --> 00:15:16,415 >> WHO INSPIRES YOU? 440 00:15:16,415 --> 00:15:16,949 >> MY DAD. 441 00:15:16,949 --> 00:15:18,384 >> WHAT WOULD YOU LAKE TO BE 442 00:15:18,384 --> 00:15:19,285 REMEMBERED FOR? 443 00:15:19,285 --> 00:15:20,386 >> BEING A GOOD HUSBAND AND 444 00:15:20,386 --> 00:15:21,353 FATHER? 445 00:15:21,353 --> 00:15:24,957 >> WHAT ADVICE WOULD YOU GIVE 446 00:15:24,957 --> 00:15:25,958 YOUR YOUNGER SELF? 447 00:15:25,958 --> 00:15:28,093 >> BE A GOOD TEAM PLAYER. 448 00:15:28,093 --> 00:15:29,295 >> ONE DAY ON MARS, WHAT WOULD 449 00:15:29,295 --> 00:15:30,429 YOU DO THERE FOR FUN? 450 00:15:30,429 --> 00:15:31,597 >> TAKE PICTURES. 451 00:15:31,597 --> 00:15:32,798 >> WHAT IS A LIFE GOAL YOU PLAN 452 00:15:32,798 --> 00:15:34,667 TO ACHIEVE THIS YEAR? 453 00:15:34,667 --> 00:15:43,509 >> COME HOME SAFELY FROM SPACE. 454 00:15:43,509 --> 00:15:45,244 >> DUE MORGAN AND HIS EXPEDITION 455 00:15:45,244 --> 00:15:47,212 61 CREW MATES ARE ABOUT A WEEK 456 00:15:47,212 --> 00:15:48,580 AWAY FROM WELCOMING A NEW 457 00:15:48,580 --> 00:15:49,481 SHIPMENT OF SUPPLIES. 458 00:15:49,481 --> 00:15:53,552 THE NEXT SPACECRAFT WILL CARRY 459 00:15:53,552 --> 00:15:55,154 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MATERIALS, 460 00:15:55,154 --> 00:15:56,055 INCLUDING EXPERIMENTS RANGING 461 00:15:56,055 --> 00:15:59,191 FROM HUMAN CONTROL OF ROBOTICS 462 00:15:59,191 --> 00:16:01,794 IN SPACE TO REPROCESSING 463 00:16:01,794 --> 00:18:07,019 MATERIALS FOR 3D PRINTING. 464 00:18:07,019 --> 00:18:09,288 >>> THE ASTRONAUTS AND 465 00:18:09,288 --> 00:18:10,689 COSMONAUTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL 466 00:18:10,689 --> 00:18:12,257 SPACE STATION SERVE AS THE 467 00:18:12,257 --> 00:18:13,592 LABORATORY ASSISTANCE FOR 468 00:18:13,592 --> 00:18:14,293 RESEARCHERS ON EARTH LOOKING 469 00:18:14,293 --> 00:18:16,762 INTO A WIDE RANGE OF SCIENTIFIC 470 00:18:16,762 --> 00:18:18,230 CONCEPTS AND THAT INCLUDES SOME 471 00:18:18,230 --> 00:18:19,932 TOPICS THAT WE HAVE TO MASTER IN 472 00:18:19,932 --> 00:18:22,100 ORDER TO CONTINUE EXPLORING 473 00:18:22,100 --> 00:18:24,069 BEYOND LOWER EARTH ORBIT. 474 00:18:24,069 --> 00:18:25,938 STARTING WITH THE RETURN OF 475 00:18:25,938 --> 00:18:27,105 ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON AS PART 476 00:18:27,105 --> 00:18:28,307 OF THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM. 477 00:18:28,307 --> 00:18:29,808 FOR EXAMPLE, IT WILL BE CRITICAL 478 00:18:29,808 --> 00:18:31,477 TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO INTERACT 479 00:18:31,477 --> 00:18:34,313 WITH THE FINE PARTICLES OF DUST 480 00:18:34,313 --> 00:18:35,981 THAT COVER THE MOON'S SURFACE. 481 00:18:35,981 --> 00:18:38,550 AND WE'RE USING THE NEW HERMES 482 00:18:38,550 --> 00:18:41,153 FACILITY TO STUDY HOW PARTICLES 483 00:18:41,153 --> 00:18:44,590 MOVE IN MICROGRAVITY OVER A LONG 484 00:18:44,590 --> 00:18:45,991 PERIOD OF TIME. 485 00:18:45,991 --> 00:18:49,361 >> IF YOU LOOK AT ASTEROIDS OR 486 00:18:49,361 --> 00:18:51,230 THIS MOON, YOU SEE THIS LAYER, 487 00:18:51,230 --> 00:18:53,165 THIS FINE PARTICLES, FINE DUST 488 00:18:53,165 --> 00:18:54,500 THAT COVERS THE ENTIRE SURFACE, 489 00:18:54,500 --> 00:18:56,001 WHAT'S HAPPENING IS THE SOLAR 490 00:18:56,001 --> 00:18:58,136 SYSTEM IS VERY DYNAMICS AND WE 491 00:18:58,136 --> 00:19:00,739 HAVE ASTEROIDS AND MOVING 492 00:19:00,739 --> 00:19:02,808 AROUND, SO THE SURFACE IS 493 00:19:02,808 --> 00:19:04,843 GETTING BOMBARDED ALL THE TIME. 494 00:19:04,843 --> 00:19:08,347 SO WHY WOULD WE WANT TO STUDY IT 495 00:19:08,347 --> 00:19:09,147 ON THE SPACE STATION? 496 00:19:09,147 --> 00:19:10,349 THERE'S A LOT OF INTEREST IN ONE 497 00:19:10,349 --> 00:19:12,417 DAY SENDING ASTRONAUTS TO 498 00:19:12,417 --> 00:19:13,252 ASTEROIDS, FOR INSTANCE, AND WE 499 00:19:13,252 --> 00:19:15,087 HAVE ALREADY SENT A LOT OF 500 00:19:15,087 --> 00:19:17,823 ROBOTIC MISSIONS TO ASTEROIDS. 501 00:19:17,823 --> 00:19:19,658 WE LEARN MORE AND MORE AND THIS 502 00:19:19,658 --> 00:19:22,027 VERY DIVERSE BODIES OF 503 00:19:22,027 --> 00:19:23,295 ASTEROIDS, SO WE NEED TO 504 00:19:23,295 --> 00:19:24,429 UNDERSTAND HOW TO INTERACT WITH 505 00:19:24,429 --> 00:19:25,964 THE ASTEROIDS SURFACE. 506 00:19:25,964 --> 00:19:27,599 SO IF YOU'RE GOING TO ANCHOR TO 507 00:19:27,599 --> 00:19:29,268 THE SURFACE OF THE ASTEROID, FOR 508 00:19:29,268 --> 00:19:30,168 INSTANCE, YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND 509 00:19:30,168 --> 00:19:32,371 HOW TO INTERACT WITH IT. 510 00:19:32,371 --> 00:19:34,039 SO ASTEROIDS ARE SMALL BODIES 511 00:19:34,039 --> 00:19:36,174 AND SO THEY HAVE MICROGRAVITY 512 00:19:36,174 --> 00:19:37,609 LEVELS OF GRAVITY, AND SO THIS 513 00:19:37,609 --> 00:19:38,777 IS WHAT YOU FIND ON THE SPACE 514 00:19:38,777 --> 00:19:40,145 STATION AS WELL. 515 00:19:40,145 --> 00:19:41,680 THERE'S FOUR EXPERIMENTS, AND 516 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,783 EACH ONE IS A CLEAR POLY 517 00:19:44,783 --> 00:19:46,184 CARBONATE TUBE. 518 00:19:46,184 --> 00:19:47,519 INSIDE OF THIS TUBE, WE HAVE THE 519 00:19:47,519 --> 00:19:48,921 ASTEROID, AND SO THIS IS WHAT 520 00:19:48,921 --> 00:19:49,721 WE'RE STUDYING. 521 00:19:49,721 --> 00:19:51,089 AND SO THE MAIN PIECE OF DATA 522 00:19:51,089 --> 00:19:52,658 THAT WE'RE GETTING IS THE 523 00:19:52,658 --> 00:19:57,195 MOVEMENT OF THE PARTICLES. 524 00:19:57,195 --> 00:19:58,864 SO WE HAVE A CAMERA, WE'LL GET 525 00:19:58,864 --> 00:20:00,632 THIS TIME LAPSED IMAGERY OF THE 526 00:20:00,632 --> 00:20:01,400 PARTICLES MOVING AND WE'RE 527 00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:02,601 LOOKING AT THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS 528 00:20:02,601 --> 00:20:04,970 OF MICROGRAVITY AND WHAT'S 529 00:20:04,970 --> 00:20:05,837 HAPPENING. 530 00:20:05,837 --> 00:20:07,606 ALSO, SOMETHING THAT WE HAVE AN 531 00:20:07,606 --> 00:20:10,175 ODD ASTEROIDS IS VACUUM, RIGHT, 532 00:20:10,175 --> 00:20:12,878 SO WE WANT TO EXPOSE OUR 533 00:20:12,878 --> 00:20:13,979 EXPERIMENTS TO THE SPACE. 534 00:20:13,979 --> 00:20:15,147 WE HAVE OUR FACILITIES HOOKED UP 535 00:20:15,147 --> 00:20:17,049 TO A PORT TO SPACE. 536 00:20:17,049 --> 00:20:18,817 WE DID SET ONE, BUT THE IDEA IS 537 00:20:18,817 --> 00:20:20,652 THAT IT WILL BE OPEN TO OTHER 538 00:20:20,652 --> 00:20:22,921 INVESTIGATORS, SO TWO, THREE, 539 00:20:22,921 --> 00:20:24,323 SEVEN, THESE WILL BE OTHER 540 00:20:24,323 --> 00:20:25,757 RESEARCHES THAT WILL APPLY IT TO 541 00:20:25,757 --> 00:20:28,927 DO RESEARCH ON ASTEROIDS. 542 00:20:28,927 --> 00:20:30,762 WE THINK THAT ISS IS A WONDERFUL 543 00:20:30,762 --> 00:20:34,933 PLACE TO STUDY LUNAR AND SO 544 00:20:34,933 --> 00:20:36,435 WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT THE 545 00:20:36,435 --> 00:20:37,536 OPPORTUNITIES THAT IT WILL BRING 546 00:20:37,536 --> 00:20:45,077 FOR RESEARCHERS IN THE FUTURE. 547 00:20:45,077 --> 00:20:45,277 . 548 00:20:45,277 --> 00:20:48,814 >> THE ORION SPACECRAFT IS ONE 549 00:20:48,814 --> 00:20:50,482 OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF 550 00:20:50,482 --> 00:20:53,285 NASA'S ARTEMIS PROGRAM THAT WILL 551 00:20:53,285 --> 00:20:59,191 RETURN ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON. 552 00:20:59,191 --> 00:21:01,193 IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SPACE 553 00:21:01,193 --> 00:21:03,795 LAUNCH SYSTEM, AND THE NEW LUNAR 554 00:21:03,795 --> 00:21:05,163 LANDER IN CARRYING A NEW 555 00:21:05,163 --> 00:21:06,531 GENERATION OF ASTRONAUTS TO THE 556 00:21:06,531 --> 00:21:07,432 SURFACE OF THE MOON AND THEN 557 00:21:07,432 --> 00:21:25,917 SAFELY HOME AGAIN TO EARTH. 558 00:21:25,917 --> 00:21:27,019 >> ORION IS THE VEHICLE THAT'S 559 00:21:27,019 --> 00:21:31,023 GOING TO HAVE THE NEXT MAN AND 560 00:21:31,023 --> 00:21:42,968 WOMAN TO THE MOON BY 2024. 561 00:21:42,968 --> 00:21:44,302 IT'S THE VEHICLE THAT HAS TO 562 00:21:44,302 --> 00:21:46,505 TAKE US OUT OF ONE ATMOSPHERE 563 00:21:46,505 --> 00:21:48,173 SAFELY ACROSS THE EXPANSE OF 564 00:21:48,173 --> 00:21:50,542 255,000 MILES TO THE MOON, 565 00:21:50,542 --> 00:21:52,944 POSTING A LUNAR ORBIT AND SIT 566 00:21:52,944 --> 00:21:54,312 THERE AND WAIT WHILE THE 567 00:21:54,312 --> 00:21:55,914 ASTRONAUTS GO DOWN TO THE LUNAR 568 00:21:55,914 --> 00:21:58,550 SURFACE FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE 569 00:21:58,550 --> 00:22:08,293 1972. 570 00:22:08,293 --> 00:22:09,961 >> WE READ YOU HOUSTON, A 571 00:22:09,961 --> 00:22:20,405 BEAUTIFUL DAY ON THE MOON. 572 00:22:20,405 --> 00:22:23,108 >> THEN COME UP TO THE GATEWAY W 573 00:22:23,108 --> 00:22:28,280 GET ON A ORION, WE HAVE TO COME 574 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:32,217 BACK IN THE LUNAR RETURN. 575 00:22:32,217 --> 00:22:33,085 ANTICIPATE ALL OF THAT ENERGY 576 00:22:33,085 --> 00:22:36,188 SO, THAT SHAPE OF THE CAPSULE IS 577 00:22:36,188 --> 00:22:36,621 THE SAME. 578 00:22:36,621 --> 00:22:38,223 WE HAVE A HUGE SHIELD 579 00:22:38,223 --> 00:22:39,691 UNDERNEATH. 580 00:22:39,691 --> 00:22:40,826 BUT THE BIG THING IS WHEN YOU 581 00:22:40,826 --> 00:22:44,429 GET INSIDE, IT'S 30% LARGER. 582 00:22:44,429 --> 00:22:48,033 ORION CAN CARRY FOUR CREW. 583 00:22:48,033 --> 00:22:51,336 NOW IT'S TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE 584 00:22:51,336 --> 00:22:52,070 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT. 585 00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:54,306 WE HAVE DIGITAL DISPLAYS, AND 586 00:22:54,306 --> 00:22:58,744 CONTROL -- SYSTEMS ENABLE -- 587 00:22:58,744 --> 00:23:00,045 ELECTRONIC PROCEDURES AND 588 00:23:00,045 --> 00:23:00,779 EMERGENCY FUNCTION. 589 00:23:00,779 --> 00:23:05,884 IT ALSO HAS A LOT OF -- 25 TYPE 590 00:23:05,884 --> 00:23:07,152 FASTER THAN THE SPACE STATION 591 00:23:07,152 --> 00:23:09,654 COMPUTERS, YOU KNOW, SHUTTLE IS 592 00:23:09,654 --> 00:23:12,524 400 TIME FASTER THAN THAT AND IN 593 00:23:12,524 --> 00:23:15,861 COMPARISON TO APOLLO, THE APOLLO 594 00:23:15,861 --> 00:23:17,496 COMPUTERS HAD LESS COMPUTING 595 00:23:17,496 --> 00:23:18,563 POWER THAN WE HAVE IN OUR 596 00:23:18,563 --> 00:23:18,897 WATCHES. 597 00:23:18,897 --> 00:23:26,938 A LOT MORE SAFETY REDONE -- WE 598 00:23:26,938 --> 00:23:28,273 WILL HAVE 3D PRINTING. 599 00:23:28,273 --> 00:23:30,041 SO IT'S GOING TO BE NEXT 600 00:23:30,041 --> 00:23:31,777 GENERATION VEHICLE THAT ALLOWS 601 00:23:31,777 --> 00:23:33,078 US TO HAVE THAT RETURN TO THE 602 00:23:33,078 --> 00:23:35,714 MOON IN 2024 AND KEEP GOING BACK 603 00:23:35,714 --> 00:23:36,648 EVERY YEAR AFTER THAT AND MAKE 604 00:23:36,648 --> 00:23:38,083 THAT SAME PRESENCE ON THAT SOUTH 605 00:23:38,083 --> 00:23:40,118 POLE, THAT ALLOWS US TO DO ALL 606 00:23:40,118 --> 00:23:42,487 OF THE THINGS WE NEED TO BE 607 00:23:42,487 --> 00:23:43,855 READY TO GO FROM THE MOON TO 608 00:23:43,855 --> 00:24:01,506 MARS SHORTLY THEREAFTER. 609 00:24:01,506 --> 00:24:03,475 >> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 610 00:24:03,475 --> 00:24:06,044 STATION SERVES AS A TEST BED FOR 611 00:24:06,044 --> 00:24:06,978 TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL BE NEEDED 612 00:24:06,978 --> 00:24:08,446 TO SUPPORT FUTURE FLIGHTS OF 613 00:24:08,446 --> 00:24:09,881 DISCOVERY BEYOND LOWER EARTH 614 00:24:09,881 --> 00:24:10,182 ORBIT. 615 00:24:10,182 --> 00:24:11,149 THAT INCLUDES SYSTEMS THAT WILL 616 00:24:11,149 --> 00:24:13,418 BE NEEDED TO COMPLETE TECHNICAL 617 00:24:13,418 --> 00:24:14,519 TASKS AND AS WELL AS THE SYSTEMS 618 00:24:14,519 --> 00:24:15,887 THAT WILL BE NEEDED TO MAKE SURE 619 00:24:15,887 --> 00:24:18,490 THAT THE HUMAN EXPLORERS CAN 620 00:24:18,490 --> 00:24:19,691 SURVIVE THE HARSH CONDITIONS OF 621 00:24:19,691 --> 00:24:25,197 DEEP SPACE. 622 00:24:25,197 --> 00:24:27,199 >> THE SWEET SMELL OF LIFE 623 00:24:27,199 --> 00:24:31,570 SUPPORT. 624 00:24:31,570 --> 00:24:35,307 PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA. 625 00:24:35,307 --> 00:24:38,543 WHEN NASA ASTRONAUT BLASTED OFF 626 00:24:38,543 --> 00:24:43,281 FROM KAZAKHSTAN IN JULY OF -- 627 00:24:43,281 --> 00:24:44,249 ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 628 00:24:44,249 --> 00:24:45,483 STATION, HE HAD LOFTY 629 00:24:45,483 --> 00:24:45,984 EXPECTATIONS. 630 00:24:45,984 --> 00:24:47,819 >> I WAS EAGER TO SEE EARTH FROM 631 00:24:47,819 --> 00:24:48,119 SPACE. 632 00:24:48,119 --> 00:24:50,488 AND I COULDN'T WAIT TO FLOAT IN 633 00:24:50,488 --> 00:24:51,857 MICROGRAVITY. 634 00:24:51,857 --> 00:24:53,625 >> AND HE CONFESSED. 635 00:24:53,625 --> 00:24:55,360 >> I KIND OF EXPECTED THE 636 00:24:55,360 --> 00:24:57,028 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO 637 00:24:57,028 --> 00:24:58,930 SMELL LIKE A LOCKER ROOM. 638 00:24:58,930 --> 00:25:00,131 >> AFTER ALL, WHAT WOULD YOU 639 00:25:00,131 --> 00:25:00,799 EXPECT? 640 00:25:00,799 --> 00:25:02,968 IT'S AN AIR-TIGHT SPACESHIP, 641 00:25:02,968 --> 00:25:05,837 CONTINUOUSLY OCCUPIED, 24/7, 365 642 00:25:05,837 --> 00:25:08,006 DAYS OF THE YEAR BY AS MANY AS 643 00:25:08,006 --> 00:25:10,709 HALF A DOZEN HARDWORKING AND 644 00:25:10,709 --> 00:25:13,578 EXERCISING ASTRONAUTS. 645 00:25:13,578 --> 00:25:15,280 IN FOR A SURPRISE, HOWEVER. 646 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:16,948 >> THE AIR IN THE SPACE STATION 647 00:25:16,948 --> 00:25:18,550 ACTUALLY SMELLED GREAT. 648 00:25:18,550 --> 00:25:20,018 THE FILTERS AND THE LIFE SUPPORT 649 00:25:20,018 --> 00:25:21,653 SYSTEM DO A GREAT JOB CLEANING 650 00:25:21,653 --> 00:25:22,287 THE AIR. 651 00:25:22,287 --> 00:25:25,156 THERE WERE NO ISSUES AT ALL. 652 00:25:25,156 --> 00:25:26,725 >> FIRST CONTACT WITH THE SPACE 653 00:25:26,725 --> 00:25:29,494 STATION'S CLEAN AIR REMIND HIM 654 00:25:29,494 --> 00:25:31,730 OF THE IMPRESSIVE TECHNOLOGY 655 00:25:31,730 --> 00:25:32,430 UNDERLYING THE SPACE STATION'S 656 00:25:32,430 --> 00:25:34,165 LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM. 657 00:25:34,165 --> 00:25:35,200 >> ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 658 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:36,801 STATION, WE'RE TESTING 659 00:25:36,801 --> 00:25:37,702 TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL ALLOW US 660 00:25:37,702 --> 00:25:40,405 TO LIVE COMFORTABLY DURING LONG 661 00:25:40,405 --> 00:25:41,907 JOURNEYS INTO THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 662 00:25:41,907 --> 00:25:43,341 OUR LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS PROVIDE 663 00:25:43,341 --> 00:25:45,310 A PROPERLY PRESSURIZED 664 00:25:45,310 --> 00:25:46,945 ATMOSPHERE WITH THE RIGHT AMOUNT 665 00:25:46,945 --> 00:25:49,180 OF OXYGEN, IT SCRUBS CARBON 666 00:25:49,180 --> 00:25:50,081 DIOXIDE FROM THE AIR, IT KEEPS 667 00:25:50,081 --> 00:25:51,549 THE TEMPERATURE IN A COMFORTABLE 668 00:25:51,549 --> 00:25:52,951 RANGE, AND IT PROVIDES FRESH 669 00:25:52,951 --> 00:25:54,386 WATER AND LIGHT AND EVERYTHING 670 00:25:54,386 --> 00:25:57,722 THAT WE NEED FOR GOOD HYGIENE. 671 00:25:57,722 --> 00:25:59,291 >> HENCE, THE SWEET SMELL OF THE 672 00:25:59,291 --> 00:25:59,891 AIR. 673 00:25:59,891 --> 00:26:00,592 >> WHILE I WAS ON THE 674 00:26:00,592 --> 00:26:02,160 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, I 675 00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:04,362 FELT A LOT LIKE A BRIDGE 676 00:26:04,362 --> 00:26:05,563 BUILDER, HELPING TO PAVE 677 00:26:05,563 --> 00:26:08,667 HUMANITY'S PATH TO MARS. 678 00:26:08,667 --> 00:26:10,035 >> AS MISSION PLANNERS LOOK 679 00:26:10,035 --> 00:26:11,770 TOWARDS THE RED PLANET, WE ARE 680 00:26:11,770 --> 00:26:13,004 DEFINITELY EVOLVING FROM THE 681 00:26:13,004 --> 00:26:15,473 LESSONS LEARNED ON ISS SAID SAYS 682 00:26:15,473 --> 00:26:17,943 MOLLY ANDERSON, A PRINCIPLE 683 00:26:17,943 --> 00:26:20,578 TECHNOLOGIST AT NASA, WE WANT TO 684 00:26:20,578 --> 00:26:23,982 INCREASE THE LEVEL OF RECYCLING. 685 00:26:23,982 --> 00:26:26,685 OUR ISS WATER SYSTEM CAN RECYCLE 686 00:26:26,685 --> 00:26:29,387 ABOUT 93% OF THE WASTE WATER 687 00:26:29,387 --> 00:26:30,388 BACK TO CLEAN WATER. 688 00:26:30,388 --> 00:26:35,593 THE LEFT OVER FLUID IS BRINE. 689 00:26:35,593 --> 00:26:37,662 IT WILL RECOVER MOST OF THAT 690 00:26:37,662 --> 00:26:38,897 WATER, TOO. 691 00:26:38,897 --> 00:26:40,265 ON THE STATION, IF ALL THE 692 00:26:40,265 --> 00:26:41,433 SYSTEMS ARE WORKING, WE CAN 693 00:26:41,433 --> 00:26:43,301 RECYCLE A LITTLE LESS THAN 50% 694 00:26:43,301 --> 00:26:45,403 OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE BACK INTO 695 00:26:45,403 --> 00:26:46,471 OXYGEN. 696 00:26:46,471 --> 00:26:47,539 WE'RE TRYING TO GET THAT NUMBER 697 00:26:47,539 --> 00:26:48,373 MUCH HIGHER. 698 00:26:48,373 --> 00:26:50,008 TO AT LEAST 75%. 699 00:26:50,008 --> 00:26:52,510 AND EVEN UP NEAR 100%, SHE 700 00:26:52,510 --> 00:26:53,378 CONTINUES. 701 00:26:53,378 --> 00:26:55,046 WHILE THE SPACE STATION STILL 702 00:26:55,046 --> 00:26:57,682 RELIES ON CARGO VESSELS TO BRING 703 00:26:57,682 --> 00:27:00,018 FRESH SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT, 704 00:27:00,018 --> 00:27:02,988 IMPROVED RECYCLING CAN LEAVE 705 00:27:02,988 --> 00:27:05,724 MORE ROOM FOR SCIENCE AND 706 00:27:05,724 --> 00:27:06,725 EQUIPMENT BACK TO THE STATION. 707 00:27:06,725 --> 00:27:08,193 PLUS, EARTH WON'T BE ABLE TO 708 00:27:08,193 --> 00:27:09,694 HELP ON MISSIONS THAT LEAVE 709 00:27:09,694 --> 00:27:10,729 EARTH'S ORBIT. 710 00:27:10,729 --> 00:27:12,030 >> HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF MILES 711 00:27:12,030 --> 00:27:13,531 FROM EARTH, NO ONE WILL BE ABLE 712 00:27:13,531 --> 00:27:15,233 TO BRING US FRESH WATER OR 713 00:27:15,233 --> 00:27:17,435 REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING SYSTEMS. 714 00:27:17,435 --> 00:27:19,070 WE WILL BE ON OUR OWN. 715 00:27:19,070 --> 00:27:20,638 JUST US AND THE LIFE SUPPORT 716 00:27:20,638 --> 00:27:22,073 SYSTEM. 717 00:27:22,073 --> 00:27:24,275 >> THAT'S WHY IT IS CRUCIAL FOR 718 00:27:24,275 --> 00:27:25,777 LIFE SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT TO 719 00:27:25,777 --> 00:27:27,679 PROCEED ABOARD THE STATION, AN 720 00:27:27,679 --> 00:27:29,514 EXCELLENT TEST BED FOR FUTURE 721 00:27:29,514 --> 00:27:30,448 DEEP SPACEFLIGHT. 722 00:27:30,448 --> 00:27:31,716 FOR MORE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL 723 00:27:31,716 --> 00:27:32,417 SPACE STATION, GO TO 724 00:27:32,417 --> 00:27:37,455 WWW.NASA.GOV/STATION. 725 00:27:37,455 --> 00:27:39,424 FOR MORE NEWS ABOUT THE SWEET 726 00:27:39,424 --> 00:27:40,658 SMELL OF SPACESHIPS AND THE 727 00:27:40,658 --> 00:27:42,293 SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORT THEM, STAY 728 00:27:42,293 --> 00:27:46,931 TUNED TO SCIENCE.NASA.GOV. 729 00:27:46,931 --> 00:27:48,400 >> IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THOSE 730 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:50,635 FUTURE DEEP SPACE JOURNEYS, 731 00:27:50,635 --> 00:27:52,771 SCIENTISTS IN NASA'S HUMAN 732 00:27:52,771 --> 00:27:53,738 RESEARCH PROGRAM HAVE BEEN 733 00:27:53,738 --> 00:27:54,873 TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT 734 00:27:54,873 --> 00:27:57,275 DANGERS A LONG DURATION 735 00:27:57,275 --> 00:27:58,510 SPACEFLIGHT LIKE THAT POSES FOR 736 00:27:58,510 --> 00:28:00,545 THE HUMAN EXPLORERS, AND HOW TO 737 00:28:00,545 --> 00:28:01,846 PROTECT THE CREWS ON THOSE 738 00:28:01,846 --> 00:28:03,048 FUTURE MISSIONS. 739 00:28:03,048 --> 00:28:04,382 SOME OF THAT WORK IS BEING DONE 740 00:28:04,382 --> 00:28:05,250 ON ORBIT. 741 00:28:05,250 --> 00:28:07,118 BUT SOME IS UNDERWAY AT THE 742 00:28:07,118 --> 00:28:09,254 NASA'S SPACE RADIATION 743 00:28:09,254 --> 00:28:19,964 LABORATORY. 744 00:28:19,964 --> 00:28:20,365 . 745 00:28:20,365 --> 00:28:22,567 >> NASA SPACE RADIATION 746 00:28:22,567 --> 00:28:25,370 LABORATORY IS -- NATIONAL 747 00:28:25,370 --> 00:28:27,205 LABORATORIES PARTICLE 748 00:28:27,205 --> 00:28:30,742 ACCELERATOR. 749 00:28:30,742 --> 00:28:32,310 VARIOUS COMPONENTS ALREADY 750 00:28:32,310 --> 00:28:35,213 EXISTING AT BROOKHAVEN LABS TO 751 00:28:35,213 --> 00:28:37,549 THEN DELIVER THE SPECIFIC DOSES 752 00:28:37,549 --> 00:28:41,186 OF IONS OF ENERGY TO THE 753 00:28:41,186 --> 00:28:42,487 RADIATION LAB ITSELF WITH THE 754 00:28:42,487 --> 00:28:44,889 GOAL TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL 755 00:28:44,889 --> 00:28:47,459 RISKS TO HUMAN BEINGS FROM 756 00:28:47,459 --> 00:28:48,927 EXPOSURE TO RADIATION DURING 757 00:28:48,927 --> 00:28:50,295 SPACE TRAVEL. 758 00:28:50,295 --> 00:28:53,231 >> THE BULK OF THE RADIO BIOLOGY 759 00:28:53,231 --> 00:28:55,700 DATA THAT WE'VE COLLECTED FROM 760 00:28:55,700 --> 00:28:56,968 THE RESEARCH LABORATORY HAS 761 00:28:56,968 --> 00:28:59,337 HELPED US ESTABLISH OUR SPACE 762 00:28:59,337 --> 00:29:03,141 PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS. 763 00:29:03,141 --> 00:29:04,609 NASA HAS A SET OF LIMITS THAT 764 00:29:04,609 --> 00:29:05,810 HELP PROTECT THE ASTRONAUTS FROM 765 00:29:05,810 --> 00:29:07,479 THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF 766 00:29:07,479 --> 00:29:08,413 RADIATION, BUT ALSO THE 767 00:29:08,413 --> 00:29:10,248 LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS, IN 768 00:29:10,248 --> 00:29:11,683 ORDER TO ESTABLISH WHAT THOSE 769 00:29:11,683 --> 00:29:12,851 LIMITS SHOULD BE, WE HAVE TO 770 00:29:12,851 --> 00:29:15,653 UNDERSTAND HOW THIS RADIATION IS 771 00:29:15,653 --> 00:29:17,755 DIFFERENT THAN TERRESTRIAL 772 00:29:17,755 --> 00:29:19,357 RADIATION AND THE EXPERIMENTS 773 00:29:19,357 --> 00:29:21,359 HAS HELPED US ESTABLISH A 774 00:29:21,359 --> 00:29:23,061 PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT IN 775 00:29:23,061 --> 00:29:25,096 TERMS OF PROTECTING THE CREW 776 00:29:25,096 --> 00:29:27,999 FROM THE RISK OF RADIATION CROSS 777 00:29:27,999 --> 00:29:30,768 GENESIS AND STUDYING CAREER 778 00:29:30,768 --> 00:29:32,904 LIMITS TO THE BRAIN, THE CENTRAL 779 00:29:32,904 --> 00:29:37,275 NERVOUS SYSTEM A EFFECTS AND THE 780 00:29:37,275 --> 00:29:37,976 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. 781 00:29:37,976 --> 00:29:39,544 >> THE PRIMARY DIFFERENCE WITH 782 00:29:39,544 --> 00:29:40,912 TRYING TO COMPARE WHAT TYPE OF 783 00:29:40,912 --> 00:29:43,414 RADIATION ON THE MISSION TO MARS 784 00:29:43,414 --> 00:29:45,817 VERSUS A PERSON COULD EXPECT IN 785 00:29:45,817 --> 00:29:47,986 THEIR DAY-TO-DAY LIFE OVER TIME, 786 00:29:47,986 --> 00:29:49,220 IS THAT TIME FACTOR. 787 00:29:49,220 --> 00:29:51,422 NOW, A MISSION TO MARS, 788 00:29:51,422 --> 00:29:52,490 DEPENDING ON WHEN YOU GO AND HOW 789 00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:54,125 THE PLANETS ARE ALIGNED AND 790 00:29:54,125 --> 00:29:55,293 SUCH, THAT YOU ARE STILL LOOKING 791 00:29:55,293 --> 00:29:57,428 AT APPROXIMATELY A TWO TO THREE 792 00:29:57,428 --> 00:29:57,929 YEAR MISSION. 793 00:29:57,929 --> 00:29:59,430 AND WHILE THAT SEEMS LIKE A LONG 794 00:29:59,430 --> 00:30:00,899 TIME, IT'S VERY DIFFERENT THAN 795 00:30:00,899 --> 00:30:03,034 THE AMOUNT OF TIME THAT THEY -- 796 00:30:03,034 --> 00:30:05,703 A NONASTRONAUT, A REGULAR PERSON 797 00:30:05,703 --> 00:30:07,338 THAT HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH 798 00:30:07,338 --> 00:30:08,773 SPACE TRAVEL GETS OVER SAY A 799 00:30:08,773 --> 00:30:12,577 70-80 YEAR LIFE SPAN FROM RADON 800 00:30:12,577 --> 00:30:14,345 GAS IN THE HOME OR MEDICAL TESTS 801 00:30:14,345 --> 00:30:15,647 THAT ARE ADMINISTERED, WHERE YOU 802 00:30:15,647 --> 00:30:17,815 GET CERTAIN AMOUNT OF DOSE FROM 803 00:30:17,815 --> 00:30:21,319 CT SCANS OR PET SCANS AND X-RAYS 804 00:30:21,319 --> 00:30:23,421 THROUGH THE COURSE OF LIFE. 805 00:30:23,421 --> 00:30:24,956 SO YOU'RE DELIVERING A CERTAIN 806 00:30:24,956 --> 00:30:27,192 AMOUNT OF RADIATION DOSE IN A 807 00:30:27,192 --> 00:30:28,560 MORE COMPRESSED PERIOD OF TIME 808 00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:29,394 THAN YOU WOULD WITH A PERSON 809 00:30:29,394 --> 00:30:31,362 THAT HAS NEVER BEEN TO SPACE 810 00:30:31,362 --> 00:30:32,764 TRAVELLER AND SUCH, AND THAT'S 811 00:30:32,764 --> 00:30:34,899 ONE OF THE TRICKIEST ASPECTS TO 812 00:30:34,899 --> 00:30:36,634 TRYING TO DETERMINE RADIATION 813 00:30:36,634 --> 00:30:38,603 DOSE, THE SAME AMOUNT OF 814 00:30:38,603 --> 00:30:39,437 RADIATION THAT WAS DELIVERED IN 815 00:30:39,437 --> 00:30:40,805 A DAY IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN 816 00:30:40,805 --> 00:30:42,340 THAT SAME DOSE DELIVERED IN 817 00:30:42,340 --> 00:30:43,041 THREE YEARS. 818 00:30:43,041 --> 00:30:44,442 EVEN THOUGH, WELL, IT'S THE SAME 819 00:30:44,442 --> 00:30:45,944 DOSE, IT'S NOT THAT SIMPLE, AND 820 00:30:45,944 --> 00:30:47,745 THAT HAS TO BE EVALUATED WHEN 821 00:30:47,745 --> 00:30:49,781 YOU TRY TO DETERMINE THE 822 00:30:49,781 --> 00:30:52,016 POTENTIAL RISKS OF ABSORBING 823 00:30:52,016 --> 00:31:18,943 THAT KIND OF A DOSE. 824 00:31:18,943 --> 00:31:19,377 . 825 00:31:19,377 --> 00:31:20,812 >> IF YOU'D LIKE TO GET ANOTHER 826 00:31:20,812 --> 00:31:22,780 LOOK AT THAT STORY OR ANY OF THE 827 00:31:22,780 --> 00:31:24,015 OTHER FEATURES WE SHOWED YOU 828 00:31:24,015 --> 00:31:26,117 TODAY, YOU CAN DO THAT ON 829 00:31:26,117 --> 00:31:28,853 YOUTUBE AND ON FACEBOOK, THERE 830 00:31:28,853 --> 00:31:30,088 ARE THE PARTICULAR ADDRESSES. 831 00:31:30,088 --> 00:31:33,491 WHILE YOU'RE THERE, BE SURE TO 832 00:31:33,491 --> 00:31:34,659 LOOK AROUND, THERE'S OTHER COOL 833 00:31:34,659 --> 00:31:38,596 STUFF ABOUT NASA AND AMERICA'S 834 00:31:38,596 --> 00:31:41,933 HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM. 835 00:31:41,933 --> 00:31:43,234 CHECK OUT HOUSTON, WE HAVE A 836 00:31:43,234 --> 00:31:46,504 PODCAST, WE TALK ABOUT SPACE 837 00:31:46,504 --> 00:31:46,904 EXPLORATION. 838 00:31:46,904 --> 00:31:52,844 NEW ED EPISODES EVERY FRIDAY. 839 00:31:52,844 --> 00:31:54,379 A CONVERSATION WITH THE AIR 840 00:31:54,379 --> 00:31:55,780 FORCE VICE CHIEF OF STAFF, 841 00:31:55,780 --> 00:31:58,249 GENERAL STEPHEN WILSON AND AIR 842 00:31:58,249 --> 00:32:01,386 FORCE COLONEL NICK HAGUE, NEWLY 843 00:32:01,386 --> 00:32:02,153 RETURNED TO EARTH FROM THE 844 00:32:02,153 --> 00:32:02,920 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 845 00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:07,091 GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCASTS FOR 846 00:32:07,091 --> 00:32:09,394 TODAY'S EPISODE, YOU'LL FIND OUR 847 00:32:09,394 --> 00:32:10,728 PREVIOUS EPISODES AND THE FULL 848 00:32:10,728 --> 00:32:12,964 LIBRARY OF ALL OF THE NASA 849 00:32:12,964 --> 00:32:14,699 PODCASTS, ALL OF WHICH YOU COULD 850 00:32:14,699 --> 00:32:17,035 ALSO LISTEN TO ON APPLE 851 00:32:17,035 --> 00:32:18,970 PODCASTS, GOOGLE PODCASTS AND 852 00:32:18,970 --> 00:32:19,971 SOUND CLOUD. 853 00:19:32,471 --> 00:19:32,671 ♪ 854 00:19:32,671 --> 00:19:42,681 ♪