♪ ♪
>>> IGNITION SEQUENCE STARTS.
♪ ♪
>>> GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO
MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON AND THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM.
THE MEN AND WOMEN YOU SIGH AT
THE CONSOLES THIS MORNING MAKE
UP THE ORBIT 2 BEAM-- ORBIT TWO
OF FLIGHT CONTROLLERS, HELPING
THE CREW MEMBERS WITH THEIR
SCIENCE AND MAINTENANCE WORK IN
SPACE.
AFTER MAKING SOME HISTORY LAST
WEEK, WITH A SPACEWALK BY FLIGHT
ENGINEERS CHRISTINA KOCH AND
JESSICA MEIR, THEY TURNED THEIR
ATTENTION TO THE STATION'S
SCIENCE ANY THINGS, TO SUPPORT
CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH.
>>> WELCOME BACK TO SPACE
PROGRAM.
THIS WEEK SCIENCE HARDWARE
INSSTATION ON STATION AND MORE.
-- INSULATION ON STATION AND
MORE.
NEW LIFE SCIENCE HARDWARE INSIDE
THE CASE'S LABORATORY, CALLED
THE CELL BIOLOGY.
THIS IS AN UPIDENTIFIED JAPANESE
DEVICE USED THIS VARIOUS LIFE
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS SUCH AS
CULTIVATING CELLS AND PLANTS.
CELL AND MOW MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
RESEARCH CUTS ACROSS ALL
DISCIPLINES FROM UNDERSTANDING
HOW SINGLE CELL ORGANISMS
RESPONSE TO SPACE FLIGHT TO HOW
ALL THE TISSUE OR ORGAN WORK
TOGETHER TO HELP AN ORGANISM
ACCLIMATE TO A FOREIGN
ENVIRONMENT BY USING THE NEWLY
INSTALLED-- ASTRONAUTS CAN
HANDLE THE PROCESSING OF MORE
SAMPLES ON THE STATION.
NASA ASTRONAUTS CHRISTINA KOCH
AND JESSICA MEIR WHO COMPLETED
THE ALL-WOMAN SPACEWALK ON
OCTOBER 18th PARTICIPATED IN A
PRESENCE CONFERENCE FROM ORBIT
ON OCTOBER 21st.
THE DUO ANSWERS QUESTIONED ABOUT
THEIR SEVEN HOUR SPACEWALK,
WHICH INCLUDED REPLACING A
FAILED POWER CONTROLLER AND
SEVERAL OTHER TASKS IN
PREPARATION FOR FUTURE
SPACEWALKS.
>> I DEFINITELY DRAWN
ENCOURAGEMENT FROM MENTORS THAT
I CAN SEE REFLECTIONS OF MYSELF
IN THROUGHOUT MY LIFE.
SO RECOGNIZING THAT WE MAY BE
OFFERING THAT FOR FUTURE SPACE
EXPLORERS OR ANYONE PURSUING A
DREAM WAS DEFINITELY A PRIVILEGE
AND AN HONOR.
FOR US, YOU KNOW, WHEN WE SEE
THAT MANY TIMES IN OUR LIVES, IT
DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF
SOMEBODY CAN IDENTIFY WITH
SOMEBODY-- SOMETHING ABOUT
THEM, SOMETHING-- SOME KIND OF
SHARED EXPERIENCE WITH THEM,
WHETHER IT'S SOMETHING SIMILAR
TO THEIR BACKGROUND OR
EXPERIENCES OR WHAT THEY LOOK
LIKE OR THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE
LONG CURLY BROWN HAIR.
WHO KNOWS.
SOMETIMES THAT MAKES IT EASIER
TO HAVE INSPIRATION, HAVE A
CONNECTION, AND MOTIVATION FOR
SOMETHING GREAT.
SO IT REALLY DOES MEAN A GREAT
DEAL FOR US TO HAVE THIS, TO
SHARE THAT EXPERIENCE TOGETHER
AND HOPEFULLY IT DOES INSPIRE
AND EDUCATE THOSE THAT WILL
FOLLOW US.
>> THIS WEEK'S QUESTION COMES
FROM ALEX.
SHE WANTS TO KNOW IF ASTRONAUTS
CAN LISTEN TO MUSIC WHEN THEY
WORK.
THE ANSWER IS YES.
ASTRONAUTS CAN LISTEN TO MUSIC
WHEN THEY WORK.
IN FACT, MUSIC HAS BEEN
INTERWOVEN THROUGHOUT SPACE
FLIGHT HISTORY.
ADDITIONALLY, FLIGHT PLANRERS ON
EARTH SCHEDULE ASTRONAUTS TO
RELAX AND HAVE SOME FUN.
SOME BRING THEIR OWN INSTRUMENTS
TO SHARE TUNES, LIVE IN SPACES.
♪ ♪
>> KEEP SENDING IN YOUR
QUESTIONS USING #ASK NASA.
WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
♪ ♪
>>> ON THE SUBJECT OF
SPACEWALKS, MANY ASTRONAUTS ON
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
GET THE OPPORTUNITY TO
PARTICIPATE IN SPACEWALKS.
THESE CREDITING IMPORTANT TO
KEEP THE STATION FUNCTIONING
PROPERLY, TO SUPPORT THE SCIENCE
ACTIVITIES.
THINK OF THE SERIES OF BATTERY
REPLACEMENT SPACEWALKS THAT
STARTED EARLY THIS MONTH.
OR THE ALPHA MAGNETIC
SPECTROMETER SPACEWALKS THAT ARE
TARGETED TO STARTER LATER THIS
YEAR.
IN THIS VIDEO ASTRONAUT RICKY
ARNOLD GIVES US A TOUR OF THE
SPACE SUIT THAT KEEP ASTRONAUTS
SAFE AS THEY PERFORM MAINTENANCE
IN THE HARSH ENVIRONMENT
SURROUNDING THE SPACE STATION.
♪ ♪
>> SO WE'RE STANDING IN THE
QUEST AIR LOCK WHICH IS DIVIDED
INTO TWO PARTS.
WE HAVE THE EQUIPMENT LOCK AND
WE HAVE THE CREW LOCK.
THIS EQUIPMENT LOCK HAS A HATCH
RIGHT HERE THAT CLOSES AND THE
CREW LOCK HAS ANOTHER HATCH.
THE EMU, OR THE EXTRA VEHICULAR
MOBILITY UNIT, IS OUR SPACE
SUIT.
AND IT'S DIVIDED ROUGHLY INTO
TWO PARTS.
WE HAVE THE HARD UPPER TORSO,
WHICH IS ALMOST LIKE A TURTLE
SHELL.
IT'S A HARD FIBERGLASS SHELL.
AND THEN WE HAVE THE LOWER TORSO
ASSEMBLY.
THESE SPACE SUITS ARE OUR OWN.
SPACECRAFT AND THEY HAVE
EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KEEP YOU
ALIVE OUT IN SPACE FOR SEVEN TO
EIGHT HOURS.
MAYBE EVEN LONGER, DEPENDING ON
HOW HARD YOU'RE WORKING.
THE ONLY THING THAT THEY DO NOT
HAVE, AND THEY HAVE RADIOS,
OXYGEN, HAS CAR WON DIOXIDE
SCRUBBING, TEMPERATURE CONTROL,
IT HAS EVERYTHING YOU NEED
EXCEPT FOR ONE THING.
A RESTROOM.
SO WHEN WE GET READY FOR OUR
EVA, THE FIRST THING WE PUT ON
IN THE MORNING IS A DIAPER.
AND THAT'S OUR FIRST LAYER.
THEN OVER THE DIAPER WE PUT ON A
PAIR OF LONG JOHNS AND THAT'S TO
KEEP OUR ARMS AND LEGS FROM
GETTING STRIPPED UP.
AND IT PROVIDES WICKING IN CASE
YOU'RE GETTING HOT AND SWEATY.
THE NEXT LAYER IS OUR LIQUID
COOLING GARMENT.
AND IT HAS LITTLE TUBES RUNNING
THROUGH IT, WHICH ALLOW WATER TO
CIRCULATE WITHIN INSIDE TO
PROVIDE COOLING WHEN WE'RE
OUTSIDE WORKING REALLY HARD.
SO WE'VE GOT THE DIAPER, WE'VE
GOT LONG JOHNS, WE GOT THE LCBJ,
AND THEN WE'RE GOING TO WEAR A
SPACE SUIT.
SEVEN LAYERS FROM THE BLADDER
ALL THE WAY UP TO THE WHITE
LAYER ON THE OUTSIDE.
THE CREW MEMBER INSIDE THIS
SPACE SUIT IS ALSO WEARING WHAT
WE CALL A SNOOPY CAP.
IT'S A COMMUNICATIONS CAP.
WE HAVE A RADIO SO WE CAN TALK
TO NOT ONLY THE HOUSTON BUT WE
CAN TALK TO PEOPLE ON THE SPACE
STATION AND TO EACH OTHER.
SO WE WEAR THIS COMMUNICATION
CAP INSIDE THE HELMET.
ALSO, ANOTHER COMPONENT, KEY
COMPONENT OF THE EMU OR OUR
SPACE SUIT IS THE.
♪ ♪
>>> THOSE THAT PAVED THE WAY FOR
US TO BE WHERE WE ARE TODAY, WE
JUST HAVE THE UTMOST
APPRECIATION FOR THEM.
AND I THINK WE JUST PAY HOMAGE
TO THE FACT THAT THEY ALLOWED US
TO DO WHAT WE DO TODAY AND TO
ACHIEVE THE DREAMS THAT WE HAVE.
♪ ♪
>> IT WAS REALLY AN INCREDIBLE
EXPERIENCE.
AND IT'S DIFFICULT TO PUT IT
INTO WORDS THE MIXTURE OF
EMOTIONS AND FEELS THAT YOU HAVE
WHEN YOU'RE GOING OUT THE DOOR
THE FIRST TIME.
BUT I WILL NEVER FORGET THAT
MOMENT COMING OUT THE HATCH AND
LOOKING DOWN AND SEEING JUST MY
BOOTS AND THE EARTH BELOW AND IT
WAS SUCH A SPECTACULAR AND
BEAUTIFUL SIGHT.
IT WAS REALLY QUITE
OVERWHELMING.
AND WE WENT OUT AND DID THE
SCROB THAT WE HAD TO DO AND
WE'RE LUCKY ENOUGH TO HAVE SOME
TIME TO ENJOY THE VIEW AS WELL.
>> I'VE DEFINITELY DRAWN
ENCOURAGEMENT FROM MENTORS THAT
I CAN SEE REFLECTIONS OF MYSELF
IN THROUGHOUT MY LIFE.
AND SO RECOGNIZING THAT WE MAY
BE OFFERING THAT FOR FUTURE
SPACE EXPLORERS OR ANY ANYONE
PURSUING A DREAM WAS DEFINITELY
A PRIVILEGE AND AN HONOR.
♪ ♪
>> I THINK THAT WE DO RECOGNIZE,
IT IS A HISTORICAL ACHIEVEMENT.
IT DOES CARRY A LOT OF WEIGHT TO
OTHER PEOPLE.
AND FOR US, YOU KNOW, WHEN WE
SEE THAT MANY TIMES IN OUR
LIVES, IT DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE
IF SOMEBODY CAN IDENTIFY WITH
SOMEBODY-- SOMETHING ABOUT
THEM, SOMETHING-- SOME KIND OF
SHARED EXPERIENCE WITH THEM,
WHETHER IT'S SOMETHING SIMILAR
TO THEIR BACKGROUND OR
EXPERIENCES OR WHAT THEY LOOK
LIKE OR THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE
LONG CURLY BROWN HAIR, WHO
KNOWS-- SOMETIMES THAT MAKES IT
EASIER TO HAVE I EXPLANATION,
HAVE A CONNECT AND MOTIVATION
FOR-- AN INSPIRATION AND A
CONNECTION AND MOTIVATION FOR
SOMETHING GREAT.
WE'RE IN SORT OF A NEW CHAPTER
NOW, WHERE WE'VE CROSSED THAT
LINE AND NOW TWO WOMEN HAVE DONE
IT.
SO HOPEFULLY IT WILL WILL BE
COMMON AND-- COMMONPLACE AND IT
WON'T NECESSARILY BE A BIG DEAL
DOWN THE ROAD.
>>> THE NEXT LAYER IS OUR LIQUID
COOLING, AND THE LCDG HAS LITTLE
TUBES RUNNING THROUGH IT THAT
ALLOW WATER TO TRICK LATE INSIDE
OF IT TO PROVIDE COOLING WHEN
WE'RE OUTSIDE WORKING REALLY
HARD.
SO WE'VE GOT THE DIAPER, WE'VE
GOT LONG JOHNS, WE'VE GOT THE
LPDGE AND THEN WE'RE GOING TO
WEAR A SPACE SUIT.
SEVEN LAYERS FROM THE BLADDER ON
THE INSIDE, IT IS A RUBBERIZED
BLADDER.
THE CREW MEMBER INSIDE OF THIS
SPACE SUIT IS ALSO WEARING THIS
SNOOPY CAP.
IT'S A COMMUNICATIONS CAP WHERE
WE HAVE A RADIO SO WE CAN TALK
TO NOT ONLY TO HOUSTON BUT WE
CAN TALK TO PEOPLE ON THE SPACE
STATION AND TO EACH OTHER.
SO WE WEAR THIS COMMUNICATION
CAP INSIDE OF THE HELMET.
ALSO ANOTHER COMPONENT, KEY
COMPONENT OF THE EMU OF OUR
SPACE SUIT IS THE HELMET.
YOU CAN SEE THE HELMET HAS A
GOLD VISOR THAT PROTECTS US FROM
THE RAYS OF THE SUN.
IT CAN BRING IT DOWN.
IT'S BRIGHT OUT THERE AND THE
GOLD VISOR HELPS REFLECT THE
RAYS OF THE SUN SO WE CAN SEE
AND OPERATE IN DAYLIGHT.
AT NIGHTTIME, WE CAN RAISE THIS
VISOR UP, GIVES US A CLEARER
VIEW AND ADDITIONALLY, WE HAVE
HELMET LIGHTS BUILT INTO THE
HELMET.
ON TOP OF THE HELMET, WE HAVE A
TELEVISION CAMERA, SO THE GROUND
IS ABLE TO WATCH US WHILE WE
WORK THROUGH THESE TV CAMERAS,
THE WORK IS DONE WITH HANDS, AND
SO OUR GLOVES ARE REALLY OUR
MOST IMPORTANT PIECE OF
EQUIPMENT IN ORDER FOR US TO
WORK OUTSIDE.
AND ONE OF THE REAL CHALLENGES
OF A SPACE WALK IS YOU HAVE THIS
HEAVY GLOVED HAND WHICH IS
INFLATED SO IT WANTS TO STAY
LIKE A BALLOON.
BUT WE WALK BY GRABBING ON TO
HAND RAILS AND MAKING OUR WAY
ALONG THE ISS.
SO EVERY TIME YOU MOVE YOUR
HAND, YOU'RE FIGHTING AGAINST A
BALLOON THAT WANTS TO INFLATE
AND THEN ON TOP OF THAT, ALL OF
OUR EQUIPMENT IS BASED ON USING
YOUR HANDS, TOO, SO AFTER 6.5 TO
7 HOURS OF FIGHTING THIS GLOVE,
IT'S A LONG DAY AND YOUR HANDS
ARE THE MOST EXHAUSTED AFTER 7
HOURS OUT ON AN EVA.
WELL, WE'RE GOING OUT TO WORK,
YOU SAW ME MOVE THIS MINI WORK
STATION.
EVERY SINGLE TOOL WE USE IS
TETHERED TO US.
WE DO NOT WANT TO ACCIDENTALLY
CREATE SATELLITES.
OUR PRIMARY WAY OF REMAINING
ATTACHED TO THE ISS IF WE'RE NOT
USING OUR HANDS IS THE WAIST
TETHERS, THEY GO AROUND A RAIL
OR ANYTHING ON THE ISS AND LATCH
ON AND THEY HAVE A LOCKING
MECHANISM AS WELL TO HOLD IT
NICE AND TIGHT.
WE ALWAYS WANT TO HAVE ONE OF
THESE.
THE BACK OF THE EMU HAS THE
LIGHT SUPPORT SYSTEM, THE LIGHT
SUPPORT SYSTEM CONTAINS ALL OF
THE EQUIPMENT WE NEED FROM A UHF
RADIO DOWN TO THE OXYGEN TANKS
THAT PROVIDE PRIMARY OXYGEN, ONE
OF THE CHANGES INSIDE OF THIS
ENVIRONMENT, IT'S VERY EASY TO
CARRY OUR OWN OXYGEN WITH US, WE
GENERATE A LOT OF CARBON DIOXIDE
WHEN WE'RE WORKING HARD.
WE HAVE THESE CANISTERS, WHICH
ARE JUST SILVER OXIDE, THE AIR
CARRIED IN THE BACKPACK ALONG
WITH THE VERY LARGE BATTERY THAT
PROVIDES THE ELECTRICITY FOR US,
WE'RE IN THE PROCESS OF CHARGING
THEM.
WE'RE ABOUT A MONTH OUT FROM
DOING A SPACE WALK AND WE'VE
ALREADY STARTED GETTING READY
FOR THAT.
SO THIS CANISTER IS ABLE TO
REMOVE ABOUT 7-8 HOURS OF CARBON
DIOXIDE THAT A HUMAN CAN
GENERATE INSIDE OF THE SPACE
SUIT.
THEY HAVE A LOT OF STABILITY TO
MAINTAIN THE ISS, REPAIR
MISSION-CRITICAL HARDWARE,
INSTALL NEW HARD-WARE AND THE
VIEW UNBELIEVABLE.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
.
>> FLIGHT ENGINEER DREW MORGAN
WILL BE ONE OF THE CREW MEMBERS
ON THE AMS SPACE WALK, HE'S A
GUY WHO'S HAD TO KNOW A LOT
ABOUT A LOT OF DIFFERENT
SUBJECTS IN ORDER TO OPERATE
FROM WEST POINT AND BECOME AN
DOCTOR AND AN USA NAUGHT, HE HAD
TO KNOW SOME OF THAT IN RUSSIAN.
HE CAN THINK FAST ON HIS FEET.
HE FINISHED UP PREPARATIONS TO
LAUNCH TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
>> THE CLOCK HAS STARTED.
>> ROGER.
>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE MOTHER.
>> BRAND OF BROTHERS.
>> FOOD?
>> ANYTHING SPICY.
>> A MORNING PERSON.
I'M NOT DEMONSTRATING THAT VERY
WELL.
>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE ICE
CREAM FLAVOR.
>> MINT CHOCOLATE CHIP.
>> WHAT ACCOMPLISHMENT ARE YOU
MOST PROUD OF?
>> MY KIDS.
>> WHO'S THE PERSON THAT MAKES
YOU LAUGH THE MOST?
>> MY WIFE.
>> WHAT'S YOUR MOST MEMORABLE
CAREER MOMENT.
>> GRADUATING FROM RANGER
SCHOOL.
>> IF YOU COULD HAVE ONE SUPER
POWER ONLY, WHAT WOULD IT BE?
>> TIME TRAVEL.
>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE PIZZA
TOPPING
>> LOTS OF CHEESE?
>> YOUR FAVORITE ANIMAL.
>> ARMADILLO.
>> WHO INSPIRES YOU?
>> MY DAD.
>> WHAT WOULD YOU LAKE TO BE
REMEMBERED FOR?
>> BEING A GOOD HUSBAND AND
FATHER?
>> WHAT ADVICE WOULD YOU GIVE
YOUR YOUNGER SELF?
>> BE A GOOD TEAM PLAYER.
>> ONE DAY ON MARS, WHAT WOULD
YOU DO THERE FOR FUN?
>> TAKE PICTURES.
>> WHAT IS A LIFE GOAL YOU PLAN
TO ACHIEVE THIS YEAR?
>> COME HOME SAFELY FROM SPACE.
>> DUE MORGAN AND HIS EXPEDITION
61 CREW MATES ARE ABOUT A WEEK
AWAY FROM WELCOMING A NEW
SHIPMENT OF SUPPLIES.
THE NEXT SPACECRAFT WILL CARRY
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MATERIALS,
INCLUDING EXPERIMENTS RANGING
FROM HUMAN CONTROL OF ROBOTICS
IN SPACE TO REPROCESSING
MATERIALS FOR 3D PRINTING.
>>> THE ASTRONAUTS AND
COSMONAUTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION SERVE AS THE
LABORATORY ASSISTANCE FOR
RESEARCHERS ON EARTH LOOKING
INTO A WIDE RANGE OF SCIENTIFIC
CONCEPTS AND THAT INCLUDES SOME
TOPICS THAT WE HAVE TO MASTER IN
ORDER TO CONTINUE EXPLORING
BEYOND LOWER EARTH ORBIT.
STARTING WITH THE RETURN OF
ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON AS PART
OF THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM.
FOR EXAMPLE, IT WILL BE CRITICAL
TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO INTERACT
WITH THE FINE PARTICLES OF DUST
THAT COVER THE MOON'S SURFACE.
AND WE'RE USING THE NEW HERMES
FACILITY TO STUDY HOW PARTICLES
MOVE IN MICROGRAVITY OVER A LONG
PERIOD OF TIME.
>> IF YOU LOOK AT ASTEROIDS OR
THIS MOON, YOU SEE THIS LAYER,
THIS FINE PARTICLES, FINE DUST
THAT COVERS THE ENTIRE SURFACE,
WHAT'S HAPPENING IS THE SOLAR
SYSTEM IS VERY DYNAMICS AND WE
HAVE ASTEROIDS AND MOVING
AROUND, SO THE SURFACE IS
GETTING BOMBARDED ALL THE TIME.
SO WHY WOULD WE WANT TO STUDY IT
ON THE SPACE STATION?
THERE'S A LOT OF INTEREST IN ONE
DAY SENDING ASTRONAUTS TO
ASTEROIDS, FOR INSTANCE, AND WE
HAVE ALREADY SENT A LOT OF
ROBOTIC MISSIONS TO ASTEROIDS.
WE LEARN MORE AND MORE AND THIS
VERY DIVERSE BODIES OF
ASTEROIDS, SO WE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND HOW TO INTERACT WITH
THE ASTEROIDS SURFACE.
SO IF YOU'RE GOING TO ANCHOR TO
THE SURFACE OF THE ASTEROID, FOR
INSTANCE, YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND
HOW TO INTERACT WITH IT.
SO ASTEROIDS ARE SMALL BODIES
AND SO THEY HAVE MICROGRAVITY
LEVELS OF GRAVITY, AND SO THIS
IS WHAT YOU FIND ON THE SPACE
STATION AS WELL.
THERE'S FOUR EXPERIMENTS, AND
EACH ONE IS A CLEAR POLY
CARBONATE TUBE.
INSIDE OF THIS TUBE, WE HAVE THE
ASTEROID, AND SO THIS IS WHAT
WE'RE STUDYING.
AND SO THE MAIN PIECE OF DATA
THAT WE'RE GETTING IS THE
MOVEMENT OF THE PARTICLES.
SO WE HAVE A CAMERA, WE'LL GET
THIS TIME LAPSED IMAGERY OF THE
PARTICLES MOVING AND WE'RE
LOOKING AT THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS
OF MICROGRAVITY AND WHAT'S
HAPPENING.
ALSO, SOMETHING THAT WE HAVE AN
ODD ASTEROIDS IS VACUUM, RIGHT,
SO WE WANT TO EXPOSE OUR
EXPERIMENTS TO THE SPACE.
WE HAVE OUR FACILITIES HOOKED UP
TO A PORT TO SPACE.
WE DID SET ONE, BUT THE IDEA IS
THAT IT WILL BE OPEN TO OTHER
INVESTIGATORS, SO TWO, THREE,
SEVEN, THESE WILL BE OTHER
RESEARCHES THAT WILL APPLY IT TO
DO RESEARCH ON ASTEROIDS.
WE THINK THAT ISS IS A WONDERFUL
PLACE TO STUDY LUNAR AND SO
WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT THE
OPPORTUNITIES THAT IT WILL BRING
FOR RESEARCHERS IN THE FUTURE.
.
>> THE ORION SPACECRAFT IS ONE
OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF
NASA'S ARTEMIS PROGRAM THAT WILL
RETURN ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON.
IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SPACE
LAUNCH SYSTEM, AND THE NEW LUNAR
LANDER IN CARRYING A NEW
GENERATION OF ASTRONAUTS TO THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON AND THEN
SAFELY HOME AGAIN TO EARTH.
>> ORION IS THE VEHICLE THAT'S
GOING TO HAVE THE NEXT MAN AND
WOMAN TO THE MOON BY 2024.
IT'S THE VEHICLE THAT HAS TO
TAKE US OUT OF ONE ATMOSPHERE
SAFELY ACROSS THE EXPANSE OF
255,000 MILES TO THE MOON,
POSTING A LUNAR ORBIT AND SIT
THERE AND WAIT WHILE THE
ASTRONAUTS GO DOWN TO THE LUNAR
SURFACE FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE
1972.
>> WE READ YOU HOUSTON, A
BEAUTIFUL DAY ON THE MOON.
>> THEN COME UP TO THE GATEWAY W
GET ON A ORION, WE HAVE TO COME
BACK IN THE LUNAR RETURN.
ANTICIPATE ALL OF THAT ENERGY
SO, THAT SHAPE OF THE CAPSULE IS
THE SAME.
WE HAVE A HUGE SHIELD
UNDERNEATH.
BUT THE BIG THING IS WHEN YOU
GET INSIDE, IT'S 30% LARGER.
ORION CAN CARRY FOUR CREW.
NOW IT'S TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.
WE HAVE DIGITAL DISPLAYS, AND
CONTROL -- SYSTEMS ENABLE --
ELECTRONIC PROCEDURES AND
EMERGENCY FUNCTION.
IT ALSO HAS A LOT OF -- 25 TYPE
FASTER THAN THE SPACE STATION
COMPUTERS, YOU KNOW, SHUTTLE IS
400 TIME FASTER THAN THAT AND IN
COMPARISON TO APOLLO, THE APOLLO
COMPUTERS HAD LESS COMPUTING
POWER THAN WE HAVE IN OUR
WATCHES.
A LOT MORE SAFETY REDONE -- WE
WILL HAVE 3D PRINTING.
SO IT'S GOING TO BE NEXT
GENERATION VEHICLE THAT ALLOWS
US TO HAVE THAT RETURN TO THE
MOON IN 2024 AND KEEP GOING BACK
EVERY YEAR AFTER THAT AND MAKE
THAT SAME PRESENCE ON THAT SOUTH
POLE, THAT ALLOWS US TO DO ALL
OF THE THINGS WE NEED TO BE
READY TO GO FROM THE MOON TO
MARS SHORTLY THEREAFTER.
>> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION SERVES AS A TEST BED FOR
TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL BE NEEDED
TO SUPPORT FUTURE FLIGHTS OF
DISCOVERY BEYOND LOWER EARTH
ORBIT.
THAT INCLUDES SYSTEMS THAT WILL
BE NEEDED TO COMPLETE TECHNICAL
TASKS AND AS WELL AS THE SYSTEMS
THAT WILL BE NEEDED TO MAKE SURE
THAT THE HUMAN EXPLORERS CAN
SURVIVE THE HARSH CONDITIONS OF
DEEP SPACE.
>> THE SWEET SMELL OF LIFE
SUPPORT.
PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA.
WHEN NASA ASTRONAUT BLASTED OFF
FROM KAZAKHSTAN IN JULY OF --
ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION, HE HAD LOFTY
EXPECTATIONS.
>> I WAS EAGER TO SEE EARTH FROM
SPACE.
AND I COULDN'T WAIT TO FLOAT IN
MICROGRAVITY.
>> AND HE CONFESSED.
>> I KIND OF EXPECTED THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO
SMELL LIKE A LOCKER ROOM.
>> AFTER ALL, WHAT WOULD YOU
EXPECT?
IT'S AN AIR-TIGHT SPACESHIP,
CONTINUOUSLY OCCUPIED, 24/7, 365
DAYS OF THE YEAR BY AS MANY AS
HALF A DOZEN HARDWORKING AND
EXERCISING ASTRONAUTS.
IN FOR A SURPRISE, HOWEVER.
>> THE AIR IN THE SPACE STATION
ACTUALLY SMELLED GREAT.
THE FILTERS AND THE LIFE SUPPORT
SYSTEM DO A GREAT JOB CLEANING
THE AIR.
THERE WERE NO ISSUES AT ALL.
>> FIRST CONTACT WITH THE SPACE
STATION'S CLEAN AIR REMIND HIM
OF THE IMPRESSIVE TECHNOLOGY
UNDERLYING THE SPACE STATION'S
LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM.
>> ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION, WE'RE TESTING
TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL ALLOW US
TO LIVE COMFORTABLY DURING LONG
JOURNEYS INTO THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
OUR LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS PROVIDE
A PROPERLY PRESSURIZED
ATMOSPHERE WITH THE RIGHT AMOUNT
OF OXYGEN, IT SCRUBS CARBON
DIOXIDE FROM THE AIR, IT KEEPS
THE TEMPERATURE IN A COMFORTABLE
RANGE, AND IT PROVIDES FRESH
WATER AND LIGHT AND EVERYTHING
THAT WE NEED FOR GOOD HYGIENE.
>> HENCE, THE SWEET SMELL OF THE
AIR.
>> WHILE I WAS ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, I
FELT A LOT LIKE A BRIDGE
BUILDER, HELPING TO PAVE
HUMANITY'S PATH TO MARS.
>> AS MISSION PLANNERS LOOK
TOWARDS THE RED PLANET, WE ARE
DEFINITELY EVOLVING FROM THE
LESSONS LEARNED ON ISS SAID SAYS
MOLLY ANDERSON, A PRINCIPLE
TECHNOLOGIST AT NASA, WE WANT TO
INCREASE THE LEVEL OF RECYCLING.
OUR ISS WATER SYSTEM CAN RECYCLE
ABOUT 93% OF THE WASTE WATER
BACK TO CLEAN WATER.
THE LEFT OVER FLUID IS BRINE.
IT WILL RECOVER MOST OF THAT
WATER, TOO.
ON THE STATION, IF ALL THE
SYSTEMS ARE WORKING, WE CAN
RECYCLE A LITTLE LESS THAN 50%
OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE BACK INTO
OXYGEN.
WE'RE TRYING TO GET THAT NUMBER
MUCH HIGHER.
TO AT LEAST 75%.
AND EVEN UP NEAR 100%, SHE
CONTINUES.
WHILE THE SPACE STATION STILL
RELIES ON CARGO VESSELS TO BRING
FRESH SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT,
IMPROVED RECYCLING CAN LEAVE
MORE ROOM FOR SCIENCE AND
EQUIPMENT BACK TO THE STATION.
PLUS, EARTH WON'T BE ABLE TO
HELP ON MISSIONS THAT LEAVE
EARTH'S ORBIT.
>> HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF MILES
FROM EARTH, NO ONE WILL BE ABLE
TO BRING US FRESH WATER OR
REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING SYSTEMS.
WE WILL BE ON OUR OWN.
JUST US AND THE LIFE SUPPORT
SYSTEM.
>> THAT'S WHY IT IS CRUCIAL FOR
LIFE SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT TO
PROCEED ABOARD THE STATION, AN
EXCELLENT TEST BED FOR FUTURE
DEEP SPACEFLIGHT.
FOR MORE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION, GO TO
WWW.NASA.GOV/STATION.
FOR MORE NEWS ABOUT THE SWEET
SMELL OF SPACESHIPS AND THE
SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORT THEM, STAY
TUNED TO SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>> IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THOSE
FUTURE DEEP SPACE JOURNEYS,
SCIENTISTS IN NASA'S HUMAN
RESEARCH PROGRAM HAVE BEEN
TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT
DANGERS A LONG DURATION
SPACEFLIGHT LIKE THAT POSES FOR
THE HUMAN EXPLORERS, AND HOW TO
PROTECT THE CREWS ON THOSE
FUTURE MISSIONS.
SOME OF THAT WORK IS BEING DONE
ON ORBIT.
BUT SOME IS UNDERWAY AT THE
NASA'S SPACE RADIATION
LABORATORY.
.
>> NASA SPACE RADIATION
LABORATORY IS -- NATIONAL
LABORATORIES PARTICLE
ACCELERATOR.
VARIOUS COMPONENTS ALREADY
EXISTING AT BROOKHAVEN LABS TO
THEN DELIVER THE SPECIFIC DOSES
OF IONS OF ENERGY TO THE
RADIATION LAB ITSELF WITH THE
GOAL TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL
RISKS TO HUMAN BEINGS FROM
EXPOSURE TO RADIATION DURING
SPACE TRAVEL.
>> THE BULK OF THE RADIO BIOLOGY
DATA THAT WE'VE COLLECTED FROM
THE RESEARCH LABORATORY HAS
HELPED US ESTABLISH OUR SPACE
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS.
NASA HAS A SET OF LIMITS THAT
HELP PROTECT THE ASTRONAUTS FROM
THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF
RADIATION, BUT ALSO THE
LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS, IN
ORDER TO ESTABLISH WHAT THOSE
LIMITS SHOULD BE, WE HAVE TO
UNDERSTAND HOW THIS RADIATION IS
DIFFERENT THAN TERRESTRIAL
RADIATION AND THE EXPERIMENTS
HAS HELPED US ESTABLISH A
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT IN
TERMS OF PROTECTING THE CREW
FROM THE RISK OF RADIATION CROSS
GENESIS AND STUDYING CAREER
LIMITS TO THE BRAIN, THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM A EFFECTS AND THE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.
>> THE PRIMARY DIFFERENCE WITH
TRYING TO COMPARE WHAT TYPE OF
RADIATION ON THE MISSION TO MARS
VERSUS A PERSON COULD EXPECT IN
THEIR DAY-TO-DAY LIFE OVER TIME,
IS THAT TIME FACTOR.
NOW, A MISSION TO MARS,
DEPENDING ON WHEN YOU GO AND HOW
THE PLANETS ARE ALIGNED AND
SUCH, THAT YOU ARE STILL LOOKING
AT APPROXIMATELY A TWO TO THREE
YEAR MISSION.
AND WHILE THAT SEEMS LIKE A LONG
TIME, IT'S VERY DIFFERENT THAN
THE AMOUNT OF TIME THAT THEY --
A NONASTRONAUT, A REGULAR PERSON
THAT HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH
SPACE TRAVEL GETS OVER SAY A
70-80 YEAR LIFE SPAN FROM RADON
GAS IN THE HOME OR MEDICAL TESTS
THAT ARE ADMINISTERED, WHERE YOU
GET CERTAIN AMOUNT OF DOSE FROM
CT SCANS OR PET SCANS AND X-RAYS
THROUGH THE COURSE OF LIFE.
SO YOU'RE DELIVERING A CERTAIN
AMOUNT OF RADIATION DOSE IN A
MORE COMPRESSED PERIOD OF TIME
THAN YOU WOULD WITH A PERSON
THAT HAS NEVER BEEN TO SPACE
TRAVELLER AND SUCH, AND THAT'S
ONE OF THE TRICKIEST ASPECTS TO
TRYING TO DETERMINE RADIATION
DOSE, THE SAME AMOUNT OF
RADIATION THAT WAS DELIVERED IN
A DAY IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN
THAT SAME DOSE DELIVERED IN
THREE YEARS.
EVEN THOUGH, WELL, IT'S THE SAME
DOSE, IT'S NOT THAT SIMPLE, AND
THAT HAS TO BE EVALUATED WHEN
YOU TRY TO DETERMINE THE
POTENTIAL RISKS OF ABSORBING
THAT KIND OF A DOSE.
.
>> IF YOU'D LIKE TO GET ANOTHER
LOOK AT THAT STORY OR ANY OF THE
OTHER FEATURES WE SHOWED YOU
TODAY, YOU CAN DO THAT ON
YOUTUBE AND ON FACEBOOK, THERE
ARE THE PARTICULAR ADDRESSES.
WHILE YOU'RE THERE, BE SURE TO
LOOK AROUND, THERE'S OTHER COOL
STUFF ABOUT NASA AND AMERICA'S
HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM.
CHECK OUT HOUSTON, WE HAVE A
PODCAST, WE TALK ABOUT SPACE
EXPLORATION.
NEW ED EPISODES EVERY FRIDAY.
A CONVERSATION WITH THE AIR
FORCE VICE CHIEF OF STAFF,
GENERAL STEPHEN WILSON AND AIR
FORCE COLONEL NICK HAGUE, NEWLY
RETURNED TO EARTH FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCASTS FOR
TODAY'S EPISODE, YOU'LL FIND OUR
PREVIOUS EPISODES AND THE FULL
LIBRARY OF ALL OF THE NASA
PODCASTS, ALL OF WHICH YOU COULD
ALSO LISTEN TO ON APPLE
PODCASTS, GOOGLE PODCASTS AND
SOUND CLOUD.
♪