>> GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO
MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON.
THIS IS THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM
WHERE A TEAM OF SPECIALISTS IS
KEEPING A CLOSE EYE ON ALL THE
STATION SYSTEMS WHILE WORKING
WITH THE EXPEDITION 60 CREW,
WHICH DOUBLED IN SIZE TO SIX
CREW MEMBERS LAST WEEKEND.
COMMANDER ALEXEY OVCHININ AND
AMERICAN, RUSSIAN AND ITALIAN
CREW MATES ARE WRAPPING UP
THEIR FIRST WEEK IN SPACE
ALTOGETHER AND GETTING READY
FOR THE NEW IMMINENT ARRIVAL ON
THE SHIPMENT OF SUPPLIES ON THE
18th CARGO DRAGON SHIP..
>> WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND,
I AM CATHERINE CLAYTON.
THE LAUNCHING CAPTURE OF
SpaceX'S 18th CARGO RESUPPLY
MISSION WILL BRING MORE
SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND GATEWAY
TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION.
SpaceX 18 LAUNCH FROM CAPE
CANAVERAL ON THURSDAY,
ASTRONAUTS CHRISTINA KOCH AND
NICK HAGUE CAPTURED THE DRAGON
THIS WEEKEND.
DRAGON IS HOLDING MORE THAN
5,000 POUNDS OF CARGO INSIDE,
INCLUDING SUPPLIES, CRITICAL
SPARES, HARDWARE TO SUPPORT
RESEARCH AS WELL AS DOZENS OF
BIOLOGY, PHYSICS AND MATERIAL
SCIENCE INVESTIGATIONS.
DRAGON IS SET TO REMAIN AT
STATION ABOUT A MONTH BEFORE
RE-ENTERING EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
AND SPLASHING DOWN IN THE
PACIFIC OCEAN WITH 3,300 POUNDS
OF RETURNING CARGO.
ONE OF THE PAYLOADS IS
INTERNATIONAL DOCKING ADAPTOR 3
OR IDA3.
IDA 3 REPRESENTS A GATEWAY TO
THE FUTURE FOR EXPLORATION
ALLOWING AMERICA'S NEW FIRST
HUMAN RATED SPACECRAFT SINCE
THE SHUTTLE, IT WILL BE THE
EIGHTH PORT FOR A VISITING
VEHICLE AND ALLOW TWO
COMMERCIAL VEHICLES TO DOCK AT
THE SAME TIME.
IDA 3 IS MORE SOPHISTICATED
THAN PREVIOUS DOCKING SYSTEMS
AND USES LASERS TO CONNECT THE
STATION TO SPACECRAFT CREATING
AN AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT ALMOST
LIKE A CAR THAT CAN PARK
ITSELF.
THE NEW DOCKING PORT WILL BE
MIXED THROUGH GROUND CONTROL
ROBOTIC OPERATIONS AND A
SPACEWALK SCHEDULED FOR NEXT
MONTH.
THE DOZENS OF INVESTIGATIONS
SOON TO BE DELIVERED TO THE
SPACE STATION PROVIDE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR OTHER
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, PRIVATE
INDUSTRY, AND ACADEMIC AND
RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS TO
CONDUCT MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH.
HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE THE BIOROCK
INVESTIGATION WHICH WILL
EXAMINE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROBES AND ROCKS IN
MICROGRAVITY PHYSICAL GENETIC
AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN THE
MICROBE, THIS COULD HELP
EXPLORERS ON THE MOON OR MARS.
THE BIOFABRICATION FACILITY
WILL PROVIDE A PLATFORM TO
PRINT BIOLOGICAL TISSUE, COULD
THIS BE AN IMPORTANT STEP TO
3-D PRINTING.
GOODYEAR TIRE WILL INVESTIGATE
CILICA ROLES IN SPACE TO GAIN A
BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF
STRUCTURES AND PROPERTY THROUGH
TIRE MANUFACTURING.
ALL OF THE INVESTIGATIONS ON
SpaceX 18 PRESENT SIGNIFICANT
DISCOVER TO FURTHER NASA'S GOAL
OF MOON AND MARS EXPLORATION.
BE SURE TO TUNE INTO NASA TV
FOR UPDATES AND COVERAGE WHAT'S
HAPPENING ON THE SPACE STATION.
ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS USING
#ASK NASA.
SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
>> THE DRAGON CARGO SHIP
LAUNCHED THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND
IS DUE AT THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION SATURDAY MORNING.
NASA TV AND NASA.GOV BEGIN LIVE
COVERAGE AT 7:30 A.M. CENTRAL
TIME, FOR RENDEZVOUS AND
CAPTURE AT 11:00 A.M. FOR
INSTALLATION OF DRAGON 2 THE
HARMONY MODULE.
THE SOYUZ SPACECRAFT THAT
DOCKED TO THE STATION LAST
WEEKEND DELIVERED ALEXANDER
SKVORTSOV FOR THIRD LONG
DURATION MISSION AND LUCA
PARMITANO FOR HIS SECOND AND
NASA'S DREW MORGAN.
ALTHOUGH MORGAN'S FIRST LAUNCH
EVER HAPPENED ON THE 50th
ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST
LANDING OF HUMAN BEINGS ON THE
MOON, HE'S NO STRANGER TO
MAKING GIANT LEAPS.
♪
>> I THINK I OFTEN DESCRIBE
MYSELF AS A SOLDIER, A
PHYSICIAN AND AN ASTRONAUT.
THE PURSUIT OF THOSE HAPPENED
IN THAT ORDER .
ONE OF THE EARLIEST MEMORIES I
HAVE OF ALWAYS WANTING TO BE IN
THE MILITARY, WANTING TO BE A
SOLDIER.
QUITE A HISTORY OF MILITARY
SERVICE IN OUR FAMILY.
BOTH MY GRANDPARENTS, MY FATHER
WAS AN AIR FORCE OFFICER AND I
REMEMBER MY PARENTS TELLING ME
A GREAT STORY ABOUT MY GREAT
UNCLE WHO WAS A PARATROOPER IN
WORLD WAR II, IN THE 101st AIR
DIVISION AND JUMPED ON NORMANDY
AND D-DAY, THAT WAS THE FIRST
TIME I HEARD OF THE CONCEPT OF
A PARATROOPER OR WHAT IT MEANT
TO BE AN AIRBORNE SOLDIER.
WHEN I DECIDED AND GRADUATED
FROM HIGH SCHOOL AND WENT TO
WEST POINT, I KNEW I WAS VERY
INTERESTED IN THIS CONCEPT OF
BEING AN AIRBORNE SOLDIER.
AT WEST POINT THEY HAD THE
PARACHUTE TEAM CALLED THE BLACK
KNIGHTS.
I MADE THE PARACHUTE TEAM AND
THAT BECAME ONE OF THE CENTRAL
ACTIVITIES OF MY REMAINING
3 1/2 YEARS AT WEST POINT.
IN ADDITION TO ACADEMICS, AFTER
CLASS WE JUMPED MOST DAYS OF
THE WEEK BUT ALSO A
DEMONSTRATION TEAM, WE JUMPED
IN FOOTBALL GAMES, ALSO AS A
CADET, I WENT THROUGH BASIC
MILITARY AIRBORNE COURSE WHICH
TAUGHT MILITARY STATIC LINE
PARACHUTING, SPECIFICALLY THE
PURE CHUTE ASPECT OF IT, IF I
GO BACK TO THE TIME I WAS A
CADET, MY TEAMMATES I WAS
SELECTED WITH BECAME MY BEST
FRIENDS IN THE WORLD AND
CONTINUE TO BE TO THIS DAY, AND
THAT CAMARADERIE THAT WE HAD
AND THAT DEPENDENCY WE HAD ON
EACH OTHER MAKING SURE THAT WE
WERE SKILLED AND THE AIRCRAFTS
SKILLED IN THE AIR, OUR LIVES
DEPENDED ON EACH OTHER TO DO
SAFETY CHECKS OF EACH OTHER.
THAT TYPE OF CAMARADERIE IS
SOMETHING I FEEL NOW IN THE
ASTRONAUT CORPS WITH MY
ASTRONAUT COLLEAGUES AS WELL.
20 YEARS AGO I WAS DEVELOPING
THE SKILLS AT AN EARLY AGE AND
DIDN'T EVEN KNOW IT. I'M ANDREW
MORGAN AND I'M A SOLDIER, A
PHYSICIAN AND AN ASTRONAUT.
>> INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
TRAINING DOES NOT REQUIRE THAT
ASTRONAUTS JUMP OUT OF
PERFECTLY GOOD AIRPLANES, BUT
THE COURSE OF PREPARATION FOR A
SIX--MONTH TOUR OF DUTY DOES
LAST MORE THAN TWO YEARS AND
HAS TOUGH ELEMENTS.
MODERN TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS
ASTRONAUTS TO TRAIN MORE SAFELY
THAN IN THE PAST AS THEY
PREPARE FOR THE MISSIONS OF
TODAY AND THOSE OF THE FUTURE.
>> MISSION TRAINING FOR
ASTRONAUTS HAS ALWAYS BEEN
RIGOROUS.
TESTING OUT ASTRONAUTS' LIMITS,
ABILITIES AND KNOWLEDGE IS
STILL AN INTEGRAL PART OF
READING THEM FOR THE TASKS
THEY'LL CARRY OUT IN SPACE.
IN THE APOLLO ERA, THERE WERE
SO MANY MORE UNKNOWNS.
THOSE PIONEERS USED THE BEST OF
WHAT WAS AVAILABLE TO THEM AT
THAT TIME AND INVENTED THE
REST.
SAFETY WAS AND IS A TOP
CONCERN, BUT WE PUSH BOUNDARIES
AT NASA, AT GREAT RISK.
THROUGHOUT NASA'S HISTORY,
TECHNOLOGY HAS FUELED THE
EVOLUTION OF OUR TRAINING
PROGRAM.
VIRTUAL REALITY ALLOWS OUR
ASTRONAUTS THE BENEFIT OF
SAFELY REPEATING
MISSION-SPECIFIC EVENTS AND
ACTIVITIES.
ALTHOUGH, SOME THINGS WE DO
DON'T LOOK THAT DIFFERENT FROM
BACK THEN.
ASTRONAUTS HAVE TO BE PREPARED
FOR THEIR JOURNEY, IT'S THE
NATURE OF ALL OF THOSE WHO
EXPLORE.
>> INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
CREW MEMBERS GET FOCUSED
TRAINING ON HOW TO OPERATE
STATION SYSTEMS SUCH AS THE
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES GLOVE
BOX, FOR EXPERIMENTS THAT
INVOLVE POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS.
IN THIS SPEEDY TIME SEGMENT,
ASTRONAUT PEGGY WHITSON PULLS A
RACK OUT OF THE WALL OF THE
DESTINY LABORATORY TO SHOW US
HOW THE MSG WORKS.
>> TODAY WE WANTED TO TALK TO
YOU ABOUT MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES
GLOVE BOX, WE DO ALL
EXPERIMENTS IN HERE.
I'VE GROWN SUPER CONDUCTOR
CRYSTALS IN HERE, THEY GOT UP
TO OVER 700 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
THIS ENVIRONMENT WAS TO PROTECT
US FROM WHAT'S HAPPENING INSIDE
THE EXPERIMENT.
CELLS HAVE TO GROW IN A STERILE
ENVIRONMENT, I'M PROTECTING
THEM FROM ME AND YOU CAN CHANGE
OUT THE EXPERIMENTS BY CHANGING
OUT THE DOOR IN FRONT.
YOU CAN ACCESS FROM THE SIDE OR
THE AIR LOCK THAT IF YOU WANTED
TO ACCESS FROM HERE, IT'S LIKE
A TRANSFORMER, AT THE END OF
THE DAY, YOU PUSH IT BACK IN.
IT FITS IN NICELY.
THE OTHER THING THAT IS
ATTACHED TO THIS IS A FANTASTIC
MICROSCOPE WITH CAPABILITY TO
SEND VIDEOS FROM THE AIR TO THE
GROUND, THAT'S WHY THEY'RE
DOING RESEARCH HERE TO SEE WHAT
THEY CAN DISCOVER.
VERY COOL SCIENCE, VERY COOL
PIECE OF HARDWARE, MICROGRAVITY
SCIENCES GLOVE BOX.
>> NOW, PART OF THE SCIENCE
MISSION THAT THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION IS TO TAKE
ADVANTAGE OF THE WEIGHTLESS
ENVIRONMENT IN LOW EARTH ORBIT
TO DO RESEARCH ON NEW
TECHNOLOGIES THAT CAN BENEFIT
FUTURE EXPLORATION OR LIFE ON
EARTH.
OR MAYBE BOTH.
FOR EXAMPLE, THE STATION IS NOW
HOME TO THE REFABRICATOR.
A 3-D PRINTER THAT CAN MAKE
THINGS AND RECYCLE THOSE THINGS
IN 3-D PRINT NEW THINGS USING
THE SAME PLASTIC.
>> THE INSPACE REFABRICATOR,
PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA.
>> WHILE 3-D PRINTERS ARE
TECHNOLOGY THAT MANY PEOPLE ARE
FAMILIAR WITH, THERE'S ONE 250
MILES ABOVE US ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION OR
ISS, THAT'S UNLIKE ANYTHING
CURRENTLY FOUND ON EARTH.
IT'S KNOWN AS THE REFABRICATOR,
A HYBRID 3-D PRINTER THAT CAN
RECYCLE HARD POLYMER PLASTIC
NUMEROUS TIMES TO MAKE NEW
ITEMS.
ABOUT THE SIZE OF A DORM ROOM
REFRIGERATOR, THE DEVICE IS
CONTROLLED BY OPERATORS ON
EARTH WHO OVERSEE ITS
MANUFACTURING VIA VIDEO
CAMERAS.
NICKY, NASA'S AND SPACE
MANUFACTURING MANAGER AT
MARSHALL SPACEFLIGHT CENTER IN
HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA SAY
RECYCLERS ON EARTH GRIND
PELLETS TO CREATE PRODUCTS BUT
THE GRINDING CREATES MATERIAL
SHEAR WHICH PREVENTS YOU FROM
USING THE PLASTIC AGAIN, IT'S
NO LONGER STRONG ENOUGH.
FOR THIS TECHNOLOGY
DEMONSTRATION, THE COMPANY,
TETHERED UNLIMITED, DEVELOPED A
NOVEL RECYCLING PROCESS THAT
DOESN'T REQUIRE GRINDING, AND
THAT ALLOWS US TO RECYCLE THE
PLASTIC MULTIPLE TIMES.
THE ABILITY TO REUSE THE
PLASTIC OVER AND OVER AGAIN IS
ESSENTIAL FOR LONG-TERM SPACE
EXPLORATION.
SHE SAYS WE CAN REPLACE A LOT
OF THE THINGS WE NEED WHEN
ORBITING ABOVE EARTH, WE HAVE
THEM REDELIVERED ON A SUPPLY
MISSION.
WHEN YOU ARE IN DEEP SPACE, YOU
DON'T HAVE THAT OPTION, YOU
HAVE TO HAVE THE ABILITY TO
MAKE ALL THE PARTS YOU MIGHT
NEED AND WITHOUT HAVING A LARGE
STOCKPILE OF EXTRA MATERIALS.
THE REFABRICATOR CAN EVEN
RECYCLE PLASTIC ITEMS NOT
NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH
EARTH-BOUND 3-D PRINTERS.
FOR INSTANCE, ALMOST ALL OF THE
MATERIALS THAT ARE DELIVERED TO
THE STATION ARE PACKED USING
FOAM OR PLASTIC BAGS.
BOTH CAN BE LOADED INTO THE
REFABRICATOR TO DELIVER ITEMS
SUCH AS A PLASTIC SYRINGE,
EATING UTENSIL OR CUSTOM MADE
WRENCH.
THAT ABILITY LIMITS THE AMOUNT
BACKUP MATERIALS YOU NEED TO
TAKE WITH YOU ON A LONG-RANGE
EXPEDITION.
AFTER ALL, IN SPACE, SPACE IS
AT A PREMIUM.
THE REFABRICATOR'S TECHNOLOGY
DEMONSTRATION WILL BE COMPOSED
OF TWO PHASES.
DURING EACH PHASE, THE
REFABRICATOR WILL PERFORM SEVEN
CYCLES OF PRINTING PARTS WHILE
ONBOARD THE ISS.
ALL OF THE ITEMS REPRINTED BY
THE REFABRICATOR WILL BE SENT
BACK TO EARTH FOR TESTING AND
ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE
EFFECTS OF REPEATED RECYCLING
ON THE MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF
THE PLASTIC.
I'M VERY EXCITED ABOUT THE
TECHNOLOGY IN SPACE AND BACK ON
EARTH.
I CAN ENVISION A DAY WHEN YOU
GO TO THE GROCERY STORE AND
DROP WATER BOTTLES AND PLASTIC
BAGS AND SELECT THE NEW PHONE
CASE OR KITCHEN GADGET OR THE
RAW FILAMENT CAN YOU USE IN THE
3-D PRINTER AT HOME.
FOR MORE SCIENCE FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, GO
TO WWW.NASA.GOV/SCIENCE.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON HOW THE
PROMISE OF TECHNOLOGY IS
TRANSFORMING TECHNOLOGY VISIT
SCIENCE.NASA.GOV.
>> THE RANGE OF SCIENCE
RESEARCH DONE ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
TODAY IS REMARKABLE, AND THE
STATION PROGRAM SCIENCE OFFICE
IS HOPING YOU CAN HELP EXPAND
THAT RANGE.
IF YOU'VE GOT A HYPOTHESIS TO
TEST THAT REQUIRES ELIMINATING
GRAVITY AS A VARIABLE OR A
PROJECT IN MIND THAT NEEDS A
CLEAR VIEW OF THE EARTH FROM
250 MILES STRAIGHT UP, HAVE WE
GOT A RESEARCH PLATFORM FOR
YOU!
>> HI, I'M NASA ASTRONAUT MEGAN
McARTHUR.
DID YOU KNOW THERE'S A RESEARCH
LABORATORY IN SPACE?
IT'S THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION, AND IT'S A SCIENTIFIC
STEPPING-STONE THAT'S ENABLING
US TO EXPLORE FARTHER INTO
SPACE WHILE IMPROVING LIFE ON
EARTH.
THE SPACE STATION PROVIDES A
UNIQUE ENVIRONMENT OF
MICROGRAVITY, EXTREME
CONDITIONS, AND AN OBSERVATION
PLATFORM THAT ENABLES
RESEARCHERS FROM ALL OVER THE
WORLD TO TEST THEORIES AND
TECHNOLOGIES OFF THE EARTH AND
IN AN EXTREME ENVIRONMENT
UNLIKE ANY OTHER.
WE WELCOME YOU TO JOIN US ON
STATION.
YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A ROCKET
SCIENTIST OR PART OF NASA TO
GAIN ACCESS TO THIS UNIQUE
LABORATORY.
DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT
SPACEFLIGHT?
THAT'S OKAY.
WE'RE HEAR TO HELP PEOPLE JUST
LIKE YOU EVERY DAY.
YOU MIGHT BE CURIOUS ABOUT
FUNDING, CAPABILITIES, ACCESS
OR MAYBE YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE
TO START.
GIVE US A CALL OR E-MAIL.
WE'LL ASK YOU BASIC QUESTIONS
ABOUT YOUR OBJECTIVES WHICH
WILL HELP US POINT TOUT RIGHT
PEOPLE WHO COULD MAKE YOUR
EXPERIMENT OR TESTING
TECHNOLOGY INTO SPACE.
VISIT NASA.GOV/STATION
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE DETAILED
IDEAS, ANSWERS AND CONTACT
INFORMATION, OR FIND US AT THE
STATION RESEARCH CLIENT HELP
LINE.
SO WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
YOU'LL SOON BE PART OF A
WORLDWIDE GROUP OF RESEARCHERS
MAKING DISCOVERIES ON THIS
AMAZING ORBITING VEHICLE.
ALL FOR THE BENEFIT OF OUR
PLANET AND FUTURE EXPLORATION
BEYOND.
>> THE ASTRONAUTS ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
DEVOTE SOME OF THEIR TIME TO
HELPING STUDENTS WITH THEIR
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING AND MATH STUDIES.
IN THIS S.T.E.M.ONSTRATION
VIDEO, HOW THE MOLECULES AND
WATER BEHAVIOR IN SPACE.
♪
>> WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
I'M NASA ASTRONAUT RICKY
ARNOLD.
OUR VIEW FROM THE ISS OF EARTH
IS ABSOLUTELY MAGNIFICENT, BUT
QUICKLY REALIZE WE SHOULD CALL
IT PLANET OCEAN.
WE ARE MOSTLY A WATER PLANET.
WATER OCCURS HERE IN ALL THREE
PHASES, SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS.
IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER ON
OTHER PLANETS THE MOONS WITHIN
OUR OWN SOLAR SYSTEM HAS US
WONDERING IS THERE LIFE THERE
TOO?
WHY IS WATER SO SPECIAL?
ONE REASON IS CALLED SURFACE
TENSION.
WHAT IS SURFACE TENSION?
LET'S HAVE A LOOK.
SURFACE TENSION IS A PROPERTY
OF LIQUIDS WHICH MOLECULES OF
ONE SUBSTANCE ARE MORE
ATTRACTED TO EACH OTHER THAN
MOLECULES OF ANOTHER SUBSTANCE.
WATER IS UNIQUE, IT'S A HIGH
SURFACE TENSION COMPARED TO
OTHER LIQUIDS.
THIS IS DUE TO ITS POLAR
PROPERTY, THE POSITIVE HYDROGEN
ENDS AND THE NEGATIVE OXYGEN
ENDS CREATE A STRONG BOND, AS
THEY SAY OPPOSITES ATTRACT.
SO THE HYDROGEN END OF THE
WATER TENDS TO STICK TO THE
OXYGEN END IN THE NEARBY WATER
MOLECULE.
AT WATER'S SURFACE, MOLECULES
ARE ONLY ATTRACTED TO THE WATER
MOLECULES BELOW AND TO THE
SIDES OF THEM, AS THERE IS ONLY
AIR ABOVE THE MOLECULES SO THE
SURFACE MOLECULES OF A BODY OF
WATER ARE PULLED DOWN CREATING
A STRONGER AND STABILE
ENVIRONMENT.
THAT'S WHY THE WATER STRIDER
CAN WALK ON THE SURFACE OF
WATER.
HERE ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION.
THE MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT
SHOWS HOW WELL WATER USE
SURFACE TENSION TO STICK
TOGETHER.
WE EVEN RELY ON SURFACE TENSION
TO HELP US WASH OUR HAIR.
THOSE OF US THAT HAVE A LOT.
[LAUGHTER]
>> THANKS FOR COMING ALONG
TODAY AND LEARNING A LITTLE BIT
ABOUT SURFACE TENSION.
WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE
UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER AND
DO YOUR OWN EXPERIMENTS?
TRY OUT THE ACTIVITY RELATED TO
THIS VIDEO AT THE
S.T.E.M.-ONSTRATION WEBSITE.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
>> THE THREE NEWEST MEMBERS OF
THE EXPEDITION 60 CREW LAUNCHED
TO THE STATION ON THE 50th
ANNIVERSARY OF THE APOLLO 11
MOON LANDING.
THAT WAS THE MISSION THAT MADE
GOOD ON PRESIDENT JOHN
KENNEDY'S CHALLENGE TO LAND MEN
ON THE MOON AND RETURN THEM
SAFELY TO EARTH BEFORE
THE 1960s WERE OUT.
THE REALIZATION OF THAT
CHALLENGE HAD A PROFOUNDESQUES.
FOR MUCH OF A GENERATION OF
AMERICANS, THEY WERE INSPIRED
TO A LIFETIME OF EXPLORATION
THAT CONTINUES RIGHT UP TO
TODAY AND TOMORROW.
>> THE EXPLORATION OF SPACE
WILL GO AHEAD, WHETHER WE JOIN
IN IT OR NOT, AND IT IS ONE OF
THE GREAT ADVENTURES OF ALL
TIMES, AND NO NATION WHICH
EXPECTS TO BE THE LEADER OF
OTHER NATIONS CAN EXPECT TO
STAY BEHIND.
THAT'S WHY SOME SAY THE MOON,
WHY CHOOSE THIS AS OUR GOAL?
WHY CLIMB THE HIGHEST
MOUNTAINS?
WHY 35 YEARS AGO FLY THE
ATLANTIC?
WHY DOES RICE PLAY TEXAS?
WE CHOOSE TO GO TO THE MOON!
[ APPLAUSE ]
>> IT'S ONE SMALL STEP FOR MAN.
ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND..
>> EXPEDITION 12 COMMANDER BILL
McARTHUR WITH A GREETING FOR
EXPEDITION 11 COUNTERPART..
>> BECAUSE OF YOUR WORK.
BECAUSE OF THE INGENUITY,
DEDICATION, ENTREPRENEURIAL
SPIRIT AMONG THE SPACE
ENTERPRISE, WE FORGE AN
INCREDIBLE BREAKTHROUGH IN
TECHNOLOGY AND ALLOW US TO GO
FURTHER, MORE SAFELY IN SPACE
THAN EVER BEFORE. LET ME BE
CLEAR, THE FIRST WOMAN AND THE
NEXT MAN ON THE MOON WILL BOTH
BE AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS.
>> RETURNING TO THE MOON BY
2024 IS A STEP IN THE PATH OF
FUTURE EXPLORATION.
PUTTING BOOTS ON MARS IS THE
GOAL TOO, AND EVERYTHING IN
NASA'S 60 YEARS IS SPACE
EXPLORATION HISTORY IS COMING
TOGETHER TO HELP MAKE THAT
DREAM A REALITY.
>> SO YOU WANT TO GO TO MARS?
HOW DOES NASA'S HISTORY PREPARE
US FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION?
NASA HAS BEEN EXPLORING SPACE
FOR 60 YEARS.
IN THAT TIME WE'VE LEARNED A
LOT THAT WILL HELP US WITH
FUTURE MISSIONS.
FIRST, NASA LEARNED HOW TO
BUILD AND LAUNCH ROCKETS INTO
SPACE.
THEN NASA LEARNED HOW TO SEND
ASTRONAUTS TO PERFORM
SPACEWALKS, RENDEZVOUS AND
DOCKING MANEUVERS AND TESTED
NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO PREPARE US
TO GO TO THE MOON.
DURING THE APOLLO MISSIONS,
HUMAN KIND EXPLORED THE LUNAR
SURFACE AND PROVED WE CAN WALK
ON OTHER WORLDS.
AFTER THE APOLLO PROGRAM ENDED,
NASA RETURNED TO LOW EARTH
ORBIT BUT WITH LONGER, MORE
COMPLEX MISSIONS.
SKYLAB, AMERICA'S FIRST SPACE
STATION, TAUGHT US IMPORTANT
LESSONS ABOUT LIVING IN SPACE.
THE SPACE SHUTTLE KICKED OFF A
SERIES OF REGULAR MISSIONS
ADVANCING ASTRONAUT TRAINING,
LAUNCH CAPABILITIES AND
ON-ORBIT OPERATIONS.
THE SPACE SHUTTLE ENABLED US TO
BUILD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION, EXPANDING OUR ABILITY
TO USE SPACE FOR SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH AND TEACHING US HOW TO
MAKE A PERMANENT HOME AWAY FROM
EARTH.
ASTRONAUTS STILL LIVE THERE
TODAY.
BUILDING ON 60 YEARS OF
KNOWLEDGE AND DISCOVERY
PREPARES US TO GO FARTHER THAN
HUMANITY HAS EVER GONE BEFORE.
TO FIND OUT MORE, GO TO THIS
NASA WEBSITE..
>> THERE HAVE BEEN 60
EXPEDITIONS ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
SINCE THE YEAR 2000.
THERE ARE MORE TO COME.
ALL OF THEM HAVE WORKED TO
ACHIEVE SCIENTIFIC GOALS WHILE
GETTING HUMAN KIND READY FOR
THE NEXT STEP IN SPACE
EXPLORATION, WHICH IS MOVING
OUT BEYOND LOW EARTH ORBIT TO
RETURN TO THE MOON BY 2024 AND
THEN OUT INTO THE SOLAR SYSTEM
TO MARS.
NASA IS BUILDING THE SYSTEMS
RIGHT NOW THAT WILL TAKE US TO
OUR NEXT DESTINATION..
>> 50 YEARS AGO WE PIONEERED A
PATH TO THE MOON.
TRAIL WE BLAZED, CUT THROUGH
THE SCIENCE AND SHOWED US ALL
WHAT WAS POSSIBLE.
TODAY OUR CALLING TO EXPLORE IS
EVEN GREATER.
TO GO FARTHER WE MUST BE ABLE
TO SUSTAIN MISSIONS OF GREATER
DISTANCE AND DURATION.
WE MUST USE THE RESOURCES WE
FIND AT OUR DESTINATIONS.
WE MUST OVERCOME RADIATION.
ISOLATION.
GRAVITY.
EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS LIKE NEVER
BEFORE.
THESE ARE THE CHALLENGES WE
FACE TO PUSH THE BOUNDS OF
HUMANITY.
WE'RE GOING TO THE MOON TO
STAIRS, BY 2024, AND THIS IS
HOW.
>> THIS ALL STARTS WITH THE
ABILITY TO GET LARGER, HEAVIER
PAYLOADS OFF PLANET AND BEYOND
EARTH'S GRAVITY.
>> FOR THESE WOULD DESIGN AN
ENTIRELY NEW ROCKET.
>> THE SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM WILL
BE THE MOST POWERFUL ROCKET
EVER DEVELOPED.
>> AND WITH COMPONENTS AND
PRODUCTION.
>> AND MORE TESTING.
>> THIS SYSTEM IS CAPABLE OF
BEING THE CATALYST FOR DEEP
SPACE MISSIONS.
>> WE NEED A CAPSULE THAT CAN
SUPPORT HUMANS THROUGH LAUNCH.
>> THROUGH DEEP SPACE AND
RETURNED SAFELY BACK TO EARTH.
>> FOR THIS WE BUILT ORION.
>> THIS IS NASA'S NEXT
GENERATION HUMAN SPACE CAPSULE.
>> USING DATA FROM LUNAR
ORBITALS THAT CONTINUE TO
RESEARCH THE HAZARDS AND
RESOURCES.
>> USING OUR COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS TO DELIVER SCIENCE
INSTRUMENTS AND ROBOTICS TO THE
SURFACE, WE ARE PAVING THE WAY
FOR HUMAN MISSIONS IN 2024.
>> OUR CHARGE IS TO GO QUICKLY
AND STAY.
TO PRESS OUR COLLECTIVE EFFORTS
FORWARD WITH A FERVOR THAT WILL
SEE US RETURN TO THE MOON IN A
MANNER THAT IS WHOLLY DIFFERENT
THAN 50 YEARS AGO.
>> WE WANT LUNAR LANDERS THAT
ARE REUSABLE, THAT CAN LAND
ANYWHERE ON THE LUNAR SURFACE.
SIMPLEST WAY TO DO SO IS GIVE
THEM A PLATFORM IN ORBIT ON THE
MOON FROM WHICH TO TRANSITION.
>> AN ORBITING PLATFORM TO HOST
DEEP SPACE EXPERIMENTS AND BE A
WAVE POINT FOR HUMAN CAPSULES.
WE CALL THIS GATEWAY.
>> IT CAN BE MOVED BETWEEN
ORBITS.
>> IT WILL BALANCE BETWEEN THE
EARTH AND MOON'S GRAVITY.
>> IN A POSITION IDEAL FOR
LAUNCHING EVEN DEEPER SPACE
MISSIONS.
>> IN 2009, WE LEARNED THAT THE
MOON CONTAINS MILLIONS OF TONS
OF WATER AND ICE.
>> THIS ICE CAN BE EXTRACTED
FOR WATER AND SEPARATED FOR
BREATHING OR HYDROGEN AND
ROCKET FUEL.
>> IT IS UNIQUELY SUITED TO
PREPARE US AND PROPEL US TO
MARS AND BEYOND.
>> THIS IS WHAT WE'RE BUILDING.
>> THIS IS WHAT WE'RE TRAINING
ARE.
>> THIS, WE CAN REPLICATE
THROUGHOUT THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
>> THIS IS THE NEXT CHAPTER OF
HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION.
>> HUMANS ARE THE MOST FRAGILE
ELEMENT OF THIS ENTIRE ENDEAVOR
AND YET WE GO FOR HUMANITY.
ONTO THE MOON AND MARS TO SEEK
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING AND
TO SHARE IT WITH ALL.
WE GO KNOWING OUR EFFORTS WILL
CREATE OPPORTUNITIES THAT
CANNOT BE FORESEEN.
WE GO BECAUSE WE ARE DESTINED
TO EXPLORE AND SEE WITH OUR OWN
EYES.
WE TURN TOWARDS THE MOON NOW,
NOT AS A CONCLUSION BUT
PREPARATION, AS A CHECKPOINT
TOWARD ALL THAT LIES BEYOND.
OUR GREATEST ADVENTURES REMAIN
AHEAD OF US.
WE ARE GOING.
>> WE'RE GOING.
>> WE ARE GOING.
>> WE'RE GOING .
>> IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO GET
ANOTHER LOOK AT ANY OF THE
STORIES WE FEATURE TODAY AND
FRANKLY WE ENCOURAGE THAT,
CHECK IT OUT ON YOUTUBE AND
FACEBOOK, THERE ARE THE
ADDRESSES IN THE MAGIC OF BLUE
SCREEN.
AND WHILE YOU'RE THERE, LOOK
AROUND, THERE'S LOTS OF OTHER
COOL STUFF YOU WILL FIND ABOUT
NASA AND AMERICA'S HUMAN
SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM.
WHILE YOU ARE ON THE INTERNET,
CHECK OUT HOUSTON WE HAVE A POT
CAST, FOLKS HERE AT NASA
TALKING ABOUT THEIR WORK IN ALL
ASPECTS OF HUMAN SPACE
EXPLORATION.
TODAY WE WRAP UP A SPECIAL
SERIES OF APOLLO RELATED
PODCASTS WITH THE LEADERS IN
HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAMS
REMEMBERING APOLLO 11 AND
TALKING ABOUT ITS IMPACT ON
SPACE EXPLORATION ALL THE WAY
UP TO TODAY AS WELL AS ON THE
CURRENT EFFORTS TO RETURN TO
THE MOON AND MOVE OUT INTO THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
GO TO NASA.GOV/PODCASTS, SCROLL
DOWN TO HOUSTON WE HAVE A
PODCAST.
YOU WILL FIND TODAY'S EPISODES
AND OTHER EPISODES AND THE FULL
LIBRARY OF ALL OF THE NASA
PODCASTS, ALL OF WHICH YOU CAN
LISTEN TO ON APPLE PODCASTS,
GOOGLE PODCASTS AND SOUNDCLOUD.
THIS IS MISSION CONTROL
HOUSTON.