1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,301 GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO 2 00:00:01,301 --> 00:00:02,602 MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON. 3 00:00:02,602 --> 00:00:04,704 THAT IS A LIVE VIEW INSIDE OF 4 00:00:04,704 --> 00:00:06,606 THE FLIGHT CONTROL ROOM LOCATED 5 00:00:06,606 --> 00:00:08,108 INSIDE OF THE JOHNSON SPACE 6 00:00:08,108 --> 00:00:08,608 CENTER. 7 00:00:08,608 --> 00:00:11,010 YOU SEE THE ORBIT TEAM KEEPING A 8 00:00:11,010 --> 00:00:15,715 CLOSE EYE ON THE SPACE STATION. 9 00:00:15,715 --> 00:00:18,518 IN ADDITION TO THEIR USUAL 10 00:00:18,518 --> 00:00:20,220 RESEARCH AND STATION 11 00:00:20,220 --> 00:00:23,223 MAINTENANCE, IT IS CRAMPED FULL 12 00:00:23,223 --> 00:00:24,524 OF ALL SORTS OF IMPORTANT 13 00:00:24,524 --> 00:00:25,825 ACTIVITIES BOTH INSIDE AND 14 00:00:25,825 --> 00:00:36,936 OUTSIDE OF THE SPACE STATION. 15 00:00:36,936 --> 00:00:38,638 WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND HERE 16 00:00:38,638 --> 00:00:39,339 IN JORDAN. 17 00:00:39,339 --> 00:00:41,241 WEEK THEY VENTURED OUTSIDE OF 18 00:00:41,241 --> 00:00:42,142 THE SPACE STATION FOR A 19 00:00:42,142 --> 00:00:44,043 SPACEWALK. 20 00:00:44,043 --> 00:00:46,646 COMMANDER OLEG KONONENKO AND 21 00:00:46,646 --> 00:00:49,582 ALEXEY OVCHININ CONDUCTED THE 22 00:00:49,582 --> 00:00:51,484 FOURTH SPACEWALK OF 2019 AFTER 23 00:00:51,484 --> 00:00:53,386 HEADING OUT THE AIRLOCK, THE DUO 24 00:00:53,386 --> 00:00:55,188 SET OUT TO INSTALL HANDRAIL ON 25 00:00:55,188 --> 00:00:58,391 THOSE RUSSIAN SEGMENTS RETRIEVE 26 00:00:58,391 --> 00:01:00,794 SCIENCE EXPERIMENT AND CONDUCT 27 00:01:00,794 --> 00:01:01,594 MAINTENANCE WORK. 28 00:01:01,594 --> 00:01:05,198 TWO COSMONAUTS PAID TRIBUTE TO 29 00:01:05,198 --> 00:01:07,801 ALEXEY LEONOV. 30 00:01:07,801 --> 00:01:09,803 LEONOV WAS THE FIRST HUMAN TO 31 00:01:09,803 --> 00:01:11,004 CONDUCT THE SPACEWALK ON 32 00:01:11,004 --> 00:01:14,307 MARCH16th, 1965, DURING THE 33 00:01:14,307 --> 00:01:16,009 MISSION WHEN HE EXITED THE 34 00:01:16,009 --> 00:01:17,710 SPACECRAFT FOR 12 MINUTES. 35 00:01:17,710 --> 00:01:18,611 IMPORTANT SCIENCE BEING 36 00:01:18,611 --> 00:01:20,513 CONDUCTED IN MICROGRAVITY IS 37 00:01:20,513 --> 00:01:31,524 GETTING READY TO COME BACK. 38 00:01:31,524 --> 00:01:33,827 AMONGST THE MORE THAN 39 00:01:33,827 --> 00:01:35,829 3200POUNDS OF CARGO RETURNING 40 00:01:35,829 --> 00:01:37,630 TO EARTH AND CRYSTAL GROWTH AND 41 00:01:37,630 --> 00:01:41,034 LOADED RESEARCH AND DNA, TUNE IN 42 00:01:41,034 --> 00:01:42,635 TO LIVE COVERAGE OF DRAGON'S 43 00:01:42,635 --> 00:01:44,938 DEPARTURE FROM STATION ON NASA 44 00:01:44,938 --> 00:01:46,940 TV OR THE AGENCY'S WEBSITE. 45 00:01:46,940 --> 00:01:47,941 THERE IS A LOT OF SCIENCE TO 46 00:01:47,941 --> 00:01:50,677 CLIMB INTO DRAGON FOR THE RETURN 47 00:01:50,677 --> 00:01:58,585 HOME. 48 00:01:58,585 --> 00:02:00,186 TUNE IN TO LIVE COVERAGE ON NASA 49 00:02:00,186 --> 00:02:02,489 TV OR THE AGENCY'S WEBSITE. 50 00:02:02,489 --> 00:02:03,990 THERE IS A LOT OF SCIENCE TO 51 00:02:03,990 --> 00:02:05,892 CLIMB INTO DRAGON FOR THE RETURN 52 00:02:05,892 --> 00:02:06,192 HOME. 53 00:02:06,192 --> 00:02:07,694 SOME OF WHICH REPLICATES THE 54 00:02:07,694 --> 00:02:08,795 STRUCTURE AND THE FUNCTION OF 55 00:02:08,795 --> 00:02:10,497 HUMAN ORGANS BUT WHEN THEY ARE 56 00:02:10,497 --> 00:02:11,798 THE SIZE OF A THUMB DRIVE, IT 57 00:02:11,798 --> 00:02:16,002 MAKES IT A BIT EASIER TO FIT. 58 00:02:16,002 --> 00:02:17,604 TISSUE CHIPS ARE TINY DEVICES 59 00:02:17,604 --> 00:02:20,306 THAT CONTAIN HUMAN CELLS IN A 3D 60 00:02:20,306 --> 00:02:22,509 MATRIX TO HELP SCIENTISTS STUDY, 61 00:02:22,509 --> 00:02:24,611 RESPOND TO STRESSES, DRUGS, 62 00:02:24,611 --> 00:02:25,512 GENETIC CHANGES AND 63 00:02:25,512 --> 00:02:26,813 MICROGRAVITY. 64 00:02:26,813 --> 00:02:29,415 CHIPS SPECIALIZED TO LOOK AT 65 00:02:29,415 --> 00:02:30,617 BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER, 66 00:02:30,617 --> 00:02:33,620 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE AND 67 00:02:33,620 --> 00:02:35,622 KIDNEY FUNCTION CAN BE TESTED ON 68 00:02:35,622 --> 00:02:36,923 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 69 00:02:36,923 --> 00:02:37,824 TO SEE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE 70 00:02:37,824 --> 00:02:40,627 ORGANS IF YOU TAKE AWAY GRAVITY. 71 00:02:40,627 --> 00:02:42,929 TISSUE CHIPS WILL BE ON THE 72 00:02:42,929 --> 00:02:44,931 SPACEX DRAGON TO EARTH SO THE 73 00:02:44,931 --> 00:02:47,634 SCIENTISTS CAN CONTINUE STUDYING 74 00:02:47,634 --> 00:02:49,435 EFFECT WHEN SWITCHING BACK AND 75 00:02:49,435 --> 00:02:51,471 WHEN THE CHANGES ARE REVERSED TO 76 00:02:51,471 --> 00:02:52,171 WHAT THEY HAVE SEEN IN 77 00:02:52,171 --> 00:02:53,673 MICROGRAVITY. 78 00:02:53,673 --> 00:02:55,575 KEEP ENDING IN THE QUESTIONS 79 00:02:55,575 --> 00:02:57,877 USING #ASKNASA. 80 00:02:57,877 --> 00:02:59,479 WE WILL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK. 81 00:02:59,479 --> 00:02:59,879 ♪ 82 00:02:59,879 --> 00:03:00,179 ♪ ♪ 83 00:03:00,179 --> 00:03:00,580 ♪ ♪ 84 00:03:00,580 --> 00:03:00,980 ♪ ♪ 85 00:03:00,980 --> 00:03:05,485 ♪ ♪ 86 00:03:05,485 --> 00:03:05,885 ♪ 87 00:03:05,885 --> 00:03:06,986 >> TISSUE CHIP AND OTHER 88 00:03:06,986 --> 00:03:08,688 EXPERIMENTS WILL MAKE THEIR WAY 89 00:03:08,688 --> 00:03:11,291 HOME THIS MONDAY JUNE THIRD. 90 00:03:11,291 --> 00:03:13,293 NASA TV COVERAGE WILL BEGIN THAT 91 00:03:13,293 --> 00:03:15,795 MORNING AT 10:45A.M. CENTRAL 92 00:03:15,795 --> 00:03:17,497 TIME AND CHECK ONLINE AT 93 00:03:17,497 --> 00:03:18,798 NASA.GOV 94 00:03:18,798 --> 00:03:20,500 PREPARING THE HARDWARE OUT TO 95 00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:21,601 SPACE IS ONLY PART OF THE 96 00:03:21,601 --> 00:03:22,902 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION'S 97 00:03:22,902 --> 00:03:24,404 MISSION OF PREPARING FOR NASA'S 98 00:03:24,404 --> 00:03:26,806 FUTURE FLIGHTS OF EXPLORATION. 99 00:03:26,806 --> 00:03:28,308 SCIENTISTS ARE USING THE STATION 100 00:03:28,308 --> 00:03:29,809 TO FIND WAYS TO PROTECT HUMAN 101 00:03:29,809 --> 00:03:31,511 EXPLORERS FROM THE NEGATIVE 102 00:03:31,511 --> 00:03:32,812 EFFECTS OF BEING IN 103 00:03:32,812 --> 00:03:34,314 WEIGHTLESSNESS THAN THE 104 00:03:34,314 --> 00:03:36,015 CONDITIONS THEY WILL ENCOUNTER 105 00:03:36,015 --> 00:03:37,317 LONG TRIPS TO DEEP SPACE 106 00:03:37,317 --> 00:03:39,719 INCLUDING THE GALACTIC COSMIC 107 00:03:39,719 --> 00:03:41,421 RADIATION THAT COMES FROM 108 00:03:41,421 --> 00:03:44,023 SUPERNOVAS. 109 00:03:44,023 --> 00:03:44,424 ♪ 110 00:03:44,424 --> 00:03:44,824 ♪ ♪ 111 00:03:44,824 --> 00:03:45,124 ♪ ♪ 112 00:03:45,124 --> 00:03:45,258 ♪ 113 00:03:45,258 --> 00:03:53,866 ♪ 114 00:03:53,866 --> 00:03:55,368 >> ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES 115 00:03:55,368 --> 00:03:56,569 ON THE MISSION TO MARS IS 116 00:03:56,569 --> 00:03:57,670 PROTECTING THE CREW FROM 117 00:03:57,670 --> 00:03:58,171 RADIATION. 118 00:03:58,171 --> 00:03:59,372 YOU CANNOT SEE IT. 119 00:03:59,372 --> 00:04:00,473 YOU CANNOT FEEL IT. 120 00:04:00,473 --> 00:04:01,374 YOU DON'T KNOW THAT YOU ARE 121 00:04:01,374 --> 00:04:03,676 GETTING BOMBARDED BY RADIATION. 122 00:04:03,676 --> 00:04:04,777 BUT WE DO HAVE OPERATIONAL 123 00:04:04,777 --> 00:04:07,180 SYMMETRY AND CREW PERSONAL 124 00:04:07,180 --> 00:04:11,384 METERS WHERE WE CAN MEASURE IT. 125 00:04:11,384 --> 00:04:12,986 SPACE RADIATION COMES FROM THREE 126 00:04:12,986 --> 00:04:14,187 MAJOR SOURCES. 127 00:04:14,187 --> 00:04:16,389 ONE IS THERE ARE RADIATION 128 00:04:16,389 --> 00:04:17,690 PARTICLES TRAPPED AROUND THE 129 00:04:17,690 --> 00:04:19,392 EARTH AND THEY ARE CALLED THE 130 00:04:19,392 --> 00:04:20,293 RADIATION BELTS. 131 00:04:20,293 --> 00:04:21,794 THE SECOND SOURCE OF RADIATION 132 00:04:21,794 --> 00:04:23,296 IS FROM THE SUN. 133 00:04:23,296 --> 00:04:25,198 DURING TIMES OF INTENSE SOLAR 134 00:04:25,198 --> 00:04:27,100 ACTIVE THAT COULD BE SOLAR 135 00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:28,901 STORMS AND HIGH FLUXES OF 136 00:04:28,901 --> 00:04:32,505 RADIATION PROTONS AND REACH 137 00:04:32,505 --> 00:04:32,905 EARTH. 138 00:04:32,905 --> 00:04:34,607 THE THIRD SOURCE OF RADIATION IN 139 00:04:34,607 --> 00:04:37,410 SPACE IS CALLED GALACTIC COSMIC 140 00:04:37,410 --> 00:04:38,611 RADIATION AND THAT IS THE ONE 141 00:04:38,611 --> 00:04:40,813 THAT IS OF MOST CONCERN FOR A 142 00:04:40,813 --> 00:04:41,714 MISSION TO MARS. 143 00:04:41,714 --> 00:04:44,417 THE GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS COME 144 00:04:44,417 --> 00:04:47,220 WERE EXPLODING STARS WE CALL 145 00:04:47,220 --> 00:04:48,321 SUPERNOVAS. 146 00:04:48,321 --> 00:04:49,022 I THINK THE COMMON 147 00:04:49,022 --> 00:04:50,456 MISCONCEPTIONS IS HOW DIFFERENT 148 00:04:50,456 --> 00:04:51,958 IT IS FOR R THE TYPE OF 149 00:04:51,958 --> 00:04:53,259 RADIATION WE HAVE HERE ON EARTH. 150 00:04:53,259 --> 00:04:54,761 SO HERE ON EARTH, WHEN YOU THINK 151 00:04:54,761 --> 00:04:56,663 ABOUT SITTING DOWN IN A DENTIST 152 00:04:56,663 --> 00:04:57,263 CHAIR. 153 00:04:57,263 --> 00:04:59,165 THEY PUT SOME KIND OF LED 154 00:04:59,165 --> 00:05:00,667 BLANKET ON THE CHEST TO STROKE 155 00:05:00,667 --> 00:05:02,068 YOU AGAINST X-RAYS. 156 00:05:02,068 --> 00:05:03,269 IN SPACE, IT ACTUALLY IS 157 00:05:03,269 --> 00:05:03,770 DIFFERENT. 158 00:05:03,770 --> 00:05:05,872 WE DON'T WANT HEAVY BAITS MAKES 159 00:05:05,872 --> 00:05:08,474 THE EXPOSURE WORSE AND THING 160 00:05:08,474 --> 00:05:11,277 LIKE WATER AND POLYETHYLENE. 161 00:05:11,277 --> 00:05:12,779 IN SPACE WE HAVE PARTICLE 162 00:05:12,779 --> 00:05:14,981 RADIATION INSTEAD OF ELECTRO 163 00:05:14,981 --> 00:05:15,882 MAGNETIC. 164 00:05:15,882 --> 00:05:17,183 PART KILLS BASICALLY EVERYTHING 165 00:05:17,183 --> 00:05:20,787 ON THE PERIODIC TABLE, HYDROGEN 166 00:05:20,787 --> 00:05:22,288 UP THROUGH NICK HE'LL AND 167 00:05:22,288 --> 00:05:24,691 URANIUM BUT MOVING AT SPEEDS 168 00:05:24,691 --> 00:05:25,992 THAT ARE CLOSE TO SPEED OF 169 00:05:25,992 --> 00:05:26,392 LIGHT. 170 00:05:26,392 --> 00:05:27,694 SO THINKING ABOUT THE 171 00:05:27,694 --> 00:05:29,195 DIFFERENCES OF SPACE RADIATION. 172 00:05:29,195 --> 00:05:30,897 WE HAVE A LONG HISTORY, A DECENT 173 00:05:30,897 --> 00:05:32,198 AMOUNT OF DATA ABOUT THE 174 00:05:32,198 --> 00:05:35,001 BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF 175 00:05:35,001 --> 00:05:36,903 EXPOSURE TO TERRESTRIAL 176 00:05:36,903 --> 00:05:38,604 RADIATION WHERE WE LACK DATA AND 177 00:05:38,604 --> 00:05:39,505 HAVE A LARGE AMOUNT OF 178 00:05:39,505 --> 00:05:41,507 UNCERTAINTY AS THE BIOLOGICAL 179 00:05:41,507 --> 00:05:43,009 CONSEQUENCE OF SPACE RADIATION 180 00:05:43,009 --> 00:05:44,510 AND SO REALLY THE NEXT STEPS 181 00:05:44,510 --> 00:05:47,113 ARE, AND THE ONGOING STEPS ARE 182 00:05:47,113 --> 00:05:49,215 TO UNDERSTAND THOSE MARKERS 183 00:05:49,215 --> 00:05:50,450 BETTER AND THE BIOLOGICAL 184 00:05:50,450 --> 00:05:54,554 CONSEQUENCES THAT FOLLOW THEM. 185 00:05:54,554 --> 00:05:54,954 ♪ 186 00:05:54,954 --> 00:05:55,088 ♪ 187 00:05:55,088 --> 00:06:17,076 ♪ 188 00:06:17,076 --> 00:06:18,978 >> UP THERE IN ORBIT THEY CAN 189 00:06:18,978 --> 00:06:20,480 EXPERIENCE STRUCTURAL CHANGES TO 190 00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:22,482 THE HEART DURING LONG DURATION 191 00:06:22,482 --> 00:06:23,282 SPACEFLIGHTS. 192 00:06:23,282 --> 00:06:24,383 WHAT AND HOW THAT CHANGE OH 193 00:06:24,383 --> 00:06:25,485 COARSE IS NOT YET CLEARLY 194 00:06:25,485 --> 00:06:26,285 UNDERSTOOD. 195 00:06:26,285 --> 00:06:27,186 THAT IS WHY RESEARCHES ARE 196 00:06:27,186 --> 00:06:28,688 INVESTIGATING CARDIOVASCULAR 197 00:06:28,688 --> 00:06:29,589 STEM CELLS. 198 00:06:29,589 --> 00:06:31,891 SO THEY CAN GET BETTER, THEY CAN 199 00:06:31,891 --> 00:06:33,392 GET A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF 200 00:06:33,392 --> 00:06:35,394 THE ROLE THE CELLS PLAY IN THE 201 00:06:35,394 --> 00:06:37,296 MAKEUP OF THE HEARTS AS WELL AS 202 00:06:37,296 --> 00:06:38,598 TISSUE REGENERATION. 203 00:06:38,598 --> 00:06:38,998 ♪ 204 00:06:38,998 --> 00:06:39,398 ♪ ♪ 205 00:06:39,398 --> 00:07:09,262 ♪ ♪ 206 00:07:09,262 --> 00:07:09,462 ♪ 207 00:07:09,462 --> 00:07:11,164 >> WE KNOW THEY ARE EARLY 208 00:07:11,164 --> 00:07:12,265 POPULATION OF CELLS. 209 00:07:12,265 --> 00:07:13,566 THE POTENT OF WHAT THEY COULD 210 00:07:13,566 --> 00:07:15,668 BECOME AND WE'RE ABLE TO CREATE 211 00:07:15,668 --> 00:07:16,969 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARDIAC 212 00:07:16,969 --> 00:07:20,473 TISSUE WHETHER IT BE THE HEART 213 00:07:20,473 --> 00:07:22,175 MUSCLE CONTROLLERS THE 214 00:07:22,175 --> 00:07:24,977 ENDOTHELIUM THE LIVING OF BLOOD 215 00:07:24,977 --> 00:07:26,879 VESSELS THEY HAVE KAPPAS TOY 216 00:07:26,879 --> 00:07:28,181 BECOME A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT 217 00:07:28,181 --> 00:07:32,885 CARDIOVASCULAR IN A UNIQUE WAY 218 00:07:32,885 --> 00:07:35,488 IN RESPONSE SO THERE IS A LOT WE 219 00:07:35,488 --> 00:07:37,390 CAN LEARN FROM THESE EXPERIMENTS 220 00:07:37,390 --> 00:07:39,292 SO THE CURRENT LABORATORY HAS 221 00:07:39,292 --> 00:07:40,993 BEEN STUDYING CELLS FIRE WHILE 222 00:07:40,993 --> 00:07:42,395 AND USING THEM FOR CARDIAC 223 00:07:42,395 --> 00:07:45,198 REPAIR AND DEVELOPING TISSUE. 224 00:07:45,198 --> 00:07:47,300 WE ARE LOOKING AT DISPARITIES IN 225 00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:48,601 THE RESPONSE OF CELLS CAN 226 00:07:48,601 --> 00:07:50,436 OBTAINED FROM NEW NATO PATIENTS 227 00:07:50,436 --> 00:07:52,839 VERSUS ADULT PATIENTS AND HOW 228 00:07:52,839 --> 00:07:55,441 THAT EXISTED IN MOLECULAR LEVEL 229 00:07:55,441 --> 00:07:58,144 AND BE ABLE TO COMPARE TO THE 230 00:07:58,144 --> 00:07:59,745 CELLS USING THE SAME CLONES AND 231 00:07:59,745 --> 00:08:01,447 WE ARE ABLE TO COMPARE THE TWO 232 00:08:01,447 --> 00:08:03,549 RESULTS AND SEE IF WE CAN USE 233 00:08:03,549 --> 00:08:05,551 MICROGRAVITY OR SOME TYPE OF 234 00:08:05,551 --> 00:08:08,955 MICROGRAVITY-INSPIRED TREATMENT 235 00:08:08,955 --> 00:08:11,057 TO HELP PROMOTE CARDIAC REPAIR. 236 00:08:11,057 --> 00:08:11,958 WE'RE EXCITE FORDS THE 237 00:08:11,958 --> 00:08:12,758 SPACEFLIGHT. 238 00:08:12,758 --> 00:08:13,860 WE HAVE BEEN LEARNING QUITE A 239 00:08:13,860 --> 00:08:15,161 BIT FROM THE SIMULATION AND WE 240 00:08:15,161 --> 00:08:16,662 THINK THAT WITH THE SPACEFLIGHT 241 00:08:16,662 --> 00:08:18,164 WE'RE ABLE TO TRULY EXTEND THE 242 00:08:18,164 --> 00:08:20,066 OBSERVATION AND HOPEFULLY 243 00:08:20,066 --> 00:08:23,069 PROMOTE CARDIAC REPAIR DEVELOPED 244 00:08:23,069 --> 00:08:26,172 BY TISSUE AND EVEN ADVANCE THESE 245 00:08:26,172 --> 00:08:27,874 INSIGHTS AND ANTICIPATING 246 00:08:27,874 --> 00:08:29,375 TREATING ILLNESSES IN SPACE. 247 00:08:29,375 --> 00:08:35,781 LEARNING MORE ABOUT RADIATION 248 00:08:35,781 --> 00:08:36,883 THE OTHER ASPECTS OF THE 249 00:08:36,883 --> 00:08:38,184 SPACEFLIGHT, THE INTERNATIONAL 250 00:08:38,184 --> 00:08:39,886 SPACE STATION IS HELPING US KNOW 251 00:08:39,886 --> 00:08:41,187 WHAT IT WILL TAKE TO MAKE THOSE 252 00:08:41,187 --> 00:08:42,688 SUCCESSFUL JOURNEYS OUT TO THE 253 00:08:42,688 --> 00:08:43,689 SOLAR SYSTEM ONE DAY. 254 00:08:43,689 --> 00:08:45,191 LIKE TO THE MOON AND MARS AND 255 00:08:45,191 --> 00:08:47,093 OTHER DESTINATIONS. 256 00:08:47,093 --> 00:08:49,195 LEER A FEW EXAMPLES OF HOW THE 257 00:08:49,195 --> 00:08:50,229 STATION IS BUILDING THOSE 258 00:08:50,229 --> 00:08:55,334 MISSIONS OF THE FUTURE. 259 00:08:55,334 --> 00:08:56,836 >> SO YOU WANT TO GO TO MARS? 260 00:08:56,836 --> 00:08:58,838 HOW DOES NASA'S INTERNATIONAL 261 00:08:58,838 --> 00:09:00,339 SPACE STATION HELP US EXTEND 262 00:09:00,339 --> 00:09:02,642 HUMAN RESINS INTO DEEP SPACE? 263 00:09:02,642 --> 00:09:04,243 IN THE FUTURE WHEN ASTRONAUTS 264 00:09:04,243 --> 00:09:06,545 LAND ON MARS IT WILL BE 265 00:09:06,545 --> 00:09:08,047 IMPORTANT LESSONS TO LEARN THIS 266 00:09:08,047 --> 00:09:10,049 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 267 00:09:10,049 --> 00:09:16,856 REWIND. 268 00:09:16,856 --> 00:09:18,557 240MILES ABOVE THE EARTH THE 269 00:09:18,557 --> 00:09:19,458 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IS 270 00:09:19,458 --> 00:09:20,559 WHERE WE LEAVE AND WORK IN 271 00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:21,560 SPACE. 272 00:09:21,560 --> 00:09:22,662 HERE IS WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED SO 273 00:09:22,662 --> 00:09:26,365 FAR: FIRST THERE IS TAKING CARE 274 00:09:26,365 --> 00:09:27,667 OF THE ASTRONAUTS PROLONGED 275 00:09:27,667 --> 00:09:32,571 WEIGHTLESSNESS CAN LEAD TO 276 00:09:32,571 --> 00:09:34,473 VISION LOSS, COORDINATION LOSS, 277 00:09:34,473 --> 00:09:35,975 THANKS TO THE SPACE STATION, 278 00:09:35,975 --> 00:09:36,876 COUNTER MEASURES ARE BEING 279 00:09:36,876 --> 00:09:38,377 DEVELOPED TO KEEP ASTRONAUTS 280 00:09:38,377 --> 00:09:40,079 HEAL THINK FOR LONG DURATION 281 00:09:40,079 --> 00:09:40,780 MISSIONS. 282 00:09:40,780 --> 00:09:42,481 THEN, THERE IS THE EQUIPMENT. 283 00:09:42,481 --> 00:09:44,483 SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATION, WATER 284 00:09:44,483 --> 00:09:46,185 RECYCLING, AIR AND POWER 285 00:09:46,185 --> 00:09:48,387 PRODUCTION ARE ALL BEING TEST 286 00:09:48,387 --> 00:09:49,588 DRIVEN THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 287 00:09:49,588 --> 00:09:50,089 STATION. 288 00:09:50,089 --> 00:09:51,590 WHAT WE LEARN ABOUT OPERATING 289 00:09:51,590 --> 00:09:55,194 AND MAINTAINING OUR GEAR IN THE 290 00:09:55,194 --> 00:09:56,696 SPACE WILL PAVE THE WAY FOR 291 00:09:56,696 --> 00:09:57,997 FUTURE MISSIONS INTO OUR SOLAR 292 00:09:57,997 --> 00:09:58,698 SYSTEM. 293 00:09:58,698 --> 00:10:00,399 AND THAT IS HOW THE STAYS 294 00:10:00,399 --> 00:10:02,101 SPATIAL IS HELPING US EXTEND 295 00:10:02,101 --> 00:10:04,203 HUMAN PRESENCE INTO DEEP SPACE. 296 00:10:04,203 --> 00:10:06,005 FOR MORE INFORMATION VISIT THIS 297 00:10:06,005 --> 00:10:12,211 NASA WEBSITE. 298 00:10:12,211 --> 00:10:13,312 >> THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 299 00:10:13,312 --> 00:10:14,814 STATION HAS THE BIG MISSION TO 300 00:10:14,814 --> 00:10:16,716 SUPPORT FUTURE EXPLORATION TO 301 00:10:16,716 --> 00:10:18,317 DEEP SPACE, SERVE AS THE SCIENCE 302 00:10:18,317 --> 00:10:19,518 LABORATORY, PROMOTE 303 00:10:19,518 --> 00:10:20,419 INTERNATIONAL COOP PROSECUTION 304 00:10:20,419 --> 00:10:22,121 AND ENCOURAGE COMMERCIALIZATION 305 00:10:22,121 --> 00:10:23,622 OF SPACEFLIGHT AND SPACE 306 00:10:23,622 --> 00:10:24,123 RESEARCH. 307 00:10:24,123 --> 00:10:25,424 ALL OF THOSE GOALS COME TOGETHER 308 00:10:25,424 --> 00:10:26,425 IN ONE PROGRAM. 309 00:10:26,425 --> 00:10:29,028 WHICH USES THE STATION THE 310 00:10:29,028 --> 00:10:30,730 LAUNCHPAD FOR A SERIES OF SMALL 311 00:10:30,730 --> 00:10:33,132 SAT LINES KNOWN AS CUBESATS. 312 00:10:33,132 --> 00:10:33,532 ♪ 313 00:10:33,532 --> 00:10:33,666 ♪ 314 00:10:33,666 --> 00:10:38,938 ♪ SMALL SATELLITE AND BIG 315 00:10:38,938 --> 00:10:43,442 DISCOVERIES. 316 00:10:43,442 --> 00:10:47,446 PRESENTED BY SCIENCE AT NASA. 317 00:10:47,446 --> 00:10:49,582 REMEMBER THE OLD ADAGE, BIG 318 00:10:49,582 --> 00:10:52,385 THINGS COME IN SMALL PACKAGES? 319 00:10:52,385 --> 00:10:54,086 SPACE UPDATED IT IN THE FORM OF 320 00:10:54,086 --> 00:10:55,588 CUBESATS. 321 00:10:55,588 --> 00:10:56,689 I MAN GIN A REAL WORKING 322 00:10:56,689 --> 00:10:58,891 SATELLITE THAT IS SO SMALL, YOU 323 00:10:58,891 --> 00:11:00,993 CAN HOLD IT IN YOUR HANDS. 324 00:11:00,993 --> 00:11:02,795 JUST FOUR INCHES OR TEN 325 00:11:02,795 --> 00:11:04,697 CENTIMETER IS A CROSS, THESE 326 00:11:04,697 --> 00:11:05,998 CUBES CAN BE EXPANDED 327 00:11:05,998 --> 00:11:07,900 INCREMENTALLY DEPENDING ON THE 328 00:11:07,900 --> 00:11:09,902 SPECIFIC MISSION OBJECTIVES. 329 00:11:09,902 --> 00:11:12,905 ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED IN 1999 BY 330 00:11:12,905 --> 00:11:16,308 CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO AND 331 00:11:16,308 --> 00:11:17,109 STANFORD UNIVERSITY FOR 332 00:11:17,109 --> 00:11:18,210 EDUCATION PURPOSES. 333 00:11:18,210 --> 00:11:20,212 NASA HAS SINCE USED HEM FOR NEW 334 00:11:20,212 --> 00:11:22,314 SCIENCE MISSIONS AND TO TEST NEW 335 00:11:22,314 --> 00:11:24,016 ELECTRON EKES SENSORS AND 336 00:11:24,016 --> 00:11:25,918 SOFTWARE THAT MAY BE INCLUDED ON 337 00:11:25,918 --> 00:11:28,320 LARGER MISSIONS. 338 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:30,923 MIKE CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST FOR NASA 339 00:11:30,923 --> 00:11:32,625 SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE SAYS 340 00:11:32,625 --> 00:11:33,726 THE ABILITY TO TEST NEW 341 00:11:33,726 --> 00:11:35,227 TECHNOLOGY AT A FRACTION OF THE 342 00:11:35,227 --> 00:11:37,830 COST OF A LARGER SATELLITE MAKES 343 00:11:37,830 --> 00:11:39,732 THEM INVALUABLE AND REALLY OPENS 344 00:11:39,732 --> 00:11:42,535 YOUR EYES TO MANY POSSIBILITIES. 345 00:11:42,535 --> 00:11:44,236 JUST AS EYE OPENING AS THE WAY 346 00:11:44,236 --> 00:11:45,938 CUBE SATES ARE QUICKLY UNLOCKING 347 00:11:45,938 --> 00:11:47,840 NEW SCIENTIFIC DATA. 348 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:50,076 FOR EXAMPLE, WHILE CONVENTIONAL 349 00:11:50,076 --> 00:11:51,777 SATELLITES HAVE LONG OBSERVED 350 00:11:51,777 --> 00:11:53,279 CLOUDS AND HAVE PROVIDED 351 00:11:53,279 --> 00:11:54,580 ESTIMATES OF THE LIQUID 352 00:11:54,580 --> 00:11:56,182 PRECIPITATION THEY HOLD. 353 00:11:56,182 --> 00:11:57,583 THEY HAVE NEVER OBSERVED THE 354 00:11:57,583 --> 00:11:59,085 SMALLER ICE PARTICLES THAT 355 00:11:59,085 --> 00:12:01,487 CREATE ENORMOUS RAIN CLOUDS. 356 00:12:01,487 --> 00:12:05,191 THE CUBE SAT CONTAINED A NEW 357 00:12:05,191 --> 00:12:07,993 SUBMILLIMETER WAVELENGTH 358 00:12:07,993 --> 00:12:09,695 RADIOMETER THAT COULD MAKE A 359 00:12:09,695 --> 00:12:11,397 MEASUREMENT OF THE SMALL FROZEN 360 00:12:11,397 --> 00:12:12,898 CRYSTALS THAT MAKE UP ICE 361 00:12:12,898 --> 00:12:13,799 CLOUDS. 362 00:12:13,799 --> 00:12:15,000 AFTER BEING DEPLOYED FROM THE 363 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:16,702 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IN 364 00:12:16,702 --> 00:12:20,206 MAY OF 2017, ICE CUBE CREATED A 365 00:12:20,206 --> 00:12:22,508 GLOBAL MAP OF ICE CLOUD, THE 366 00:12:22,508 --> 00:12:23,008 PLANET. 367 00:12:23,008 --> 00:12:24,710 SOME DAY, THIS TECHNIQUE MAY 368 00:12:24,710 --> 00:12:26,612 HELP IMPROVE LONG RANGE WEATHER 369 00:12:26,612 --> 00:12:29,415 MODELS AND FORECAST. 370 00:12:29,415 --> 00:12:32,218 A LONG WAY FROM EARTH, MARCO A 371 00:12:32,218 --> 00:12:34,620 AND B TRAVELED TO MARS AND THE 372 00:12:34,620 --> 00:12:36,722 ONLY CUBESATS SO FAR TO LEAVE 373 00:12:36,722 --> 00:12:38,224 EARTH'S ORBIT WHEN THE MISSION 374 00:12:38,224 --> 00:12:40,626 WAS LAUNCHED IN MAY OF 2018 THE 375 00:12:40,626 --> 00:12:43,229 MARCO AND THE MARCO B CUBESATS 376 00:12:43,229 --> 00:12:44,530 BEGAN THEIR SEVEN MONTH JOURNEY 377 00:12:44,530 --> 00:12:45,731 TO MARS. 378 00:12:45,731 --> 00:12:47,833 NOW IN SIGHT HAS SUCCESSFULLY 379 00:12:47,833 --> 00:12:49,768 LAND ON THE RED PLANET. 380 00:12:49,768 --> 00:12:51,670 MARCO'S ROLES WAS TO HELP RELAY 381 00:12:51,670 --> 00:12:53,772 COMMUNICATIONS DURING THE 382 00:12:53,772 --> 00:12:55,374 LANDING PROCESS. 383 00:12:55,374 --> 00:12:57,076 LANG DATA WAS TRANSMITTED TO THE 384 00:12:57,076 --> 00:12:58,978 MARS RECONNAISSANCE OR BITTER 385 00:12:58,978 --> 00:13:01,180 WHERE THE RADIO STORED AND 386 00:13:01,180 --> 00:13:02,681 FORWARDED RULES TO EARTH AFTER A 387 00:13:02,681 --> 00:13:03,883 DELAY. 388 00:13:03,883 --> 00:13:07,987 MARCO A AND B ACTED AS A RELAY 389 00:13:07,987 --> 00:13:09,088 DURING THE CRITICAL STAGE OF THE 390 00:13:09,088 --> 00:13:10,789 MISSION TO ALLOW COMMUNICATION 391 00:13:10,789 --> 00:13:12,892 FROM MARS TO EARTH TO HAPPEN IN 392 00:13:12,892 --> 00:13:14,693 ALMOST REAL-TIME. 393 00:13:14,693 --> 00:13:16,595 ACCORDING TO CHARLES NORTON, 394 00:13:16,595 --> 00:13:18,797 SPECIALS A ADVISER FOR SMALL 395 00:13:18,797 --> 00:13:20,499 SPACECRAFT MISSION AND NASA 396 00:13:20,499 --> 00:13:22,201 SCIENCE MISSION ANOTHER 397 00:13:22,201 --> 00:13:24,503 ADVANTAGE OF THE COMPACT CUBES 398 00:13:24,503 --> 00:13:28,807 CAUSED SCIENTIFIC INQUIRIES TO 399 00:13:28,807 --> 00:13:29,308 TAKE PLACE. 400 00:13:29,308 --> 00:13:32,912 THE MINIATURE X-RAY SOLAR TUBE 401 00:13:32,912 --> 00:13:34,914 CUBE SET IS A STUDENT PROJECT 402 00:13:34,914 --> 00:13:36,615 USING A COMMERCIAL LABORATORY 403 00:13:36,615 --> 00:13:39,018 DETECTOR IN SPACE. 404 00:13:39,018 --> 00:13:41,220 IT MAKES MEASURES THE SOFT X RAY 405 00:13:41,220 --> 00:13:43,923 SOLAR SPECTRUM IN THE GAP 406 00:13:43,923 --> 00:13:44,623 COVERAGE BETWEEN TWO OTHER 407 00:13:44,623 --> 00:13:46,926 MISSIONS, AND IRIS 408 00:13:46,926 --> 00:13:48,527 AND RHESSY. 409 00:13:48,527 --> 00:13:50,362 THIS GAP REGION IN THE SOLAR 410 00:13:50,362 --> 00:13:52,064 SPECK TRIM TRUMP IS IMPORTANT OF 411 00:13:52,064 --> 00:13:54,466 THE EARTH AND OF PARTICULAR IN 412 00:13:54,466 --> 00:13:55,768 TREKS FOR OBSERVATION OF SOLAR 413 00:13:55,768 --> 00:14:00,272 FLARES A AND ACTIVE REGIONS. 414 00:14:00,272 --> 00:14:02,174 CAR DISCOVERY AS MONUMENT AS THE 415 00:14:02,174 --> 00:14:04,176 ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE ITSELF. 416 00:14:04,176 --> 00:14:07,580 ONE LONGSTANDING MYSTERY IS 417 00:14:07,580 --> 00:14:10,583 WHERE ONE-THIRD OF THE ORDINARY 418 00:14:10,583 --> 00:14:12,284 MATTER THAT EXISTS HERE IN THE 419 00:14:12,284 --> 00:14:13,786 EASTERLY FORMATION OF THE 420 00:14:13,786 --> 00:14:16,188 UNIVERSE MAY BE FOUND TODAY. 421 00:14:16,188 --> 00:14:18,290 SCIENTIST SUSPECT IT LIES IN A 422 00:14:18,290 --> 00:14:20,092 VERY HOT HALOS OF GAS THAT 423 00:14:20,092 --> 00:14:23,696 SURROUND GALAXIES AND IT IS A 424 00:14:23,696 --> 00:14:25,197 CUBE SAT THAT WILL EXAMINE 425 00:14:25,197 --> 00:14:28,400 X-RAYS FROM OXYGEN ATOMS THE 426 00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:30,102 MILKY WAY TO DETERMINE HOW MUCH 427 00:14:30,102 --> 00:14:31,403 MISSING MATTER MAY LIE IN THE 428 00:14:31,403 --> 00:14:33,606 GALAXY. 429 00:14:33,606 --> 00:14:36,108 WHILE SMALL IN SIZE, CUBESATS 430 00:14:36,108 --> 00:14:37,610 HAVE POTENTIAL TO MAKE BIG 431 00:14:37,610 --> 00:14:40,012 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL 432 00:14:40,012 --> 00:14:41,714 IMPACTS ON EARTH AND THE SOLAR 433 00:14:41,714 --> 00:14:43,015 SYSTEM AND DEEP INTO THE 434 00:14:43,015 --> 00:14:47,519 UNIVERSE. 435 00:14:47,519 --> 00:14:48,020 ♪ 436 00:14:48,020 --> 00:14:48,420 ♪ ♪ 437 00:14:48,420 --> 00:14:48,921 ♪ ♪ 438 00:14:48,921 --> 00:14:50,256 ♪ FOR MORE ABOUT OTHER SCIENCE 439 00:14:50,256 --> 00:14:52,558 MISSIONS, BOTH BIG AND SMALL, 440 00:14:52,558 --> 00:14:56,662 VISIT SCIENCE.NASA.ABOVE. 441 00:14:56,662 --> 00:14:58,163 >> CURRENTLY ONBOARD AND 442 00:14:58,163 --> 00:14:59,665 CARRYING OUT THE IMPORTANT TASKS 443 00:14:59,665 --> 00:15:00,766 FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 444 00:15:00,766 --> 00:15:01,867 STATION ARE SIX CREW MEMBERS 445 00:15:01,867 --> 00:15:03,369 FROM RUSSIA, THE UNITED STATES 446 00:15:03,369 --> 00:15:04,370 AND CANADA. 447 00:15:04,370 --> 00:15:06,372 EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE 250MILES 448 00:15:06,372 --> 00:15:07,873 OVER THE HEADS, SOMETIMES YOU 449 00:15:07,873 --> 00:15:09,575 HAVE THE CHANCE TO SEE THE 450 00:15:09,575 --> 00:15:10,876 ORBITING HOME FROM YOUR OWN 451 00:15:10,876 --> 00:15:11,677 NEIGHBORHOOD. 452 00:15:11,677 --> 00:15:14,079 FLIGHT ENGINEER NICK HAGUE SHOWS 453 00:15:14,079 --> 00:15:15,981 HOW YOU CAN USE THE SPOT AT 454 00:15:15,981 --> 00:15:19,285 NASA.GOV TO FIND OUT WHEN IT MAY 455 00:15:19,285 --> 00:15:20,986 BE VISIBLE TO YOU. 456 00:15:20,986 --> 00:15:21,387 ♪ 457 00:15:21,387 --> 00:15:21,520 ♪ 458 00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:28,894 ♪ DID YOU KNOW WE ARE TRAVELING 459 00:15:28,894 --> 00:15:31,096 AT FIVE MILES A SECOND WE'RE 460 00:15:31,096 --> 00:15:32,598 GOING AROUND THE EARTH SO FAST 461 00:15:32,598 --> 00:15:34,700 WE ORBIT IT EVERY 90 MINUTES 462 00:15:34,700 --> 00:15:36,902 THAT MEANS WE SEE 16 SUNRISES 463 00:15:36,902 --> 00:15:39,004 AND SUNSETS EACH DAY EVERYONE IS 464 00:15:39,004 --> 00:15:40,306 MAGICAL TO WATCH. 465 00:15:40,306 --> 00:15:41,607 BUT MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE 466 00:15:41,607 --> 00:15:43,509 VIEW, WE DEPEND ON THE SUN'S 467 00:15:43,509 --> 00:15:45,210 LIGHT TO POWER THE SPACE STATION 468 00:15:45,210 --> 00:15:47,413 AND WE USE MASSIVE SOLAR ARRAYS 469 00:15:47,413 --> 00:15:48,414 TO SOAK IT UP. 470 00:15:48,414 --> 00:15:50,549 THOSE ARRAYS ARE LARGE, WHEN THE 471 00:15:50,549 --> 00:15:53,152 SUN'S LIGHT GLIMPSE OFF OF THEM 472 00:15:53,152 --> 00:15:54,853 THEY IS POSSIBLE TO THE GROUND 473 00:15:54,853 --> 00:15:57,056 THAT MEANS YOU CAN LOOK UP IN 474 00:15:57,056 --> 00:15:59,658 THE SKY AT DAWN OR DUSK AND SEE 475 00:15:59,658 --> 00:16:01,560 OUR SPACESHIP FLYING OVERHEAD. 476 00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:03,462 SO TAKE A FEW MINUTES TO STEP 477 00:16:03,462 --> 00:16:05,864 OUTSIDE, SPOT THE STATION, WAVE 478 00:16:05,864 --> 00:16:07,966 HELLO TO US AND REMEMBER WHAT WE 479 00:16:07,966 --> 00:16:08,467 REPRESENT. 480 00:16:08,467 --> 00:16:09,968 PEOPLE FROM ACROSS THE GLOBE 481 00:16:09,968 --> 00:16:11,870 COMMITTED TO WORKING TOGETHER TO 482 00:16:11,870 --> 00:16:14,473 IMPROVE LIFE FOR EVERYONE ON 483 00:16:14,473 --> 00:16:23,282 EARTH. 484 00:16:23,282 --> 00:16:24,383 >> ONE OF THE KEY ELEMENTS THAT 485 00:16:24,383 --> 00:16:25,684 KEEPS THE SPACE STATION RUNNING 486 00:16:25,684 --> 00:16:27,386 SMOOTHLY IS SOLAR ENERGY. 487 00:16:27,386 --> 00:16:28,887 ASTRONAUTS RELY ON THIS 488 00:16:28,887 --> 00:16:30,789 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE TO POWER 489 00:16:30,789 --> 00:16:31,890 THE MACHINES KNEAD FOR THEIR 490 00:16:31,890 --> 00:16:33,392 SCIENCE WORK AND FOR THEIR 491 00:16:33,392 --> 00:16:34,393 VIRAL. 492 00:16:34,393 --> 00:16:37,496 IN THIS DEMONSTRATION VIDEO AS 493 00:16:37,496 --> 00:16:39,198 NOW THE RICKY ARNOLD EXPLAINS 494 00:16:39,198 --> 00:16:40,499 THE PROCESS BEE HEINZ GENERATING 495 00:16:40,499 --> 00:16:42,801 THE POWER THAT ROW DUCES THE 496 00:16:42,801 --> 00:16:45,204 ELECTRICITY FOR ASTRONAUTS THEY 497 00:16:45,204 --> 00:16:46,505 LIVE AND WORK ON THE ORBITING 498 00:16:46,505 --> 00:17:04,056 LABORATORY. 499 00:17:04,056 --> 00:17:06,658 HI, WELCOME ABOARD THE ISS. 500 00:17:06,658 --> 00:17:08,761 I AM ASTRONAUT RICKY ARNOLD AND 501 00:17:08,761 --> 00:17:10,562 CURRENTLY ON ISS WHERE YOU CAN 502 00:17:10,562 --> 00:17:13,265 SEE LAPTOPS, AND OTHER 503 00:17:13,265 --> 00:17:14,366 SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT. 504 00:17:14,366 --> 00:17:18,470 THERE IS ANOTHER EXPERIMENT RACK 505 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:20,372 WHERE YOU CAN SEE ULTRASOUND 506 00:17:20,372 --> 00:17:22,775 IMAGING, MORE LAP TOPS, CAMERA 507 00:17:22,775 --> 00:17:23,675 WHERE ARE OTHER EQUIPMENT, ALL 508 00:17:23,675 --> 00:17:24,877 STUFF THAT REQUIRES ELECTRICAL 509 00:17:24,877 --> 00:17:25,377 POWER. 510 00:17:25,377 --> 00:17:26,879 IN FACT, WE HAVE SO MUCH 511 00:17:26,879 --> 00:17:28,380 EQUIPMENT FOR SCIENCE AND LIFE 512 00:17:28,380 --> 00:17:29,381 SUPPORT THAT OUR ELECTRICAL 513 00:17:29,381 --> 00:17:31,183 SYSTEM HAS ABOUT EIGHT MILES AND 514 00:17:31,183 --> 00:17:33,886 13 KILOMETERS OF WIRING TO MAKE 515 00:17:33,886 --> 00:17:34,386 IT WORK. 516 00:17:34,386 --> 00:17:35,888 SO WHERE DOES THIS COME FROM? 517 00:17:35,888 --> 00:17:39,291 TAKE A LOOK. 518 00:17:39,291 --> 00:17:40,793 FROM HERE IN THE CUPOLA AND 519 00:17:40,793 --> 00:17:41,894 THROUGH OTHER WINDOWS YOU CAN 520 00:17:41,894 --> 00:17:43,395 SEE THE SOLAR ARRAYS SOAKING IN 521 00:17:43,395 --> 00:17:45,297 THE SUN LIGHT. 522 00:17:45,297 --> 00:17:46,198 THEY ARE MASSIVE. 523 00:17:46,198 --> 00:17:48,300 THESE FOUR SOLAR ARRAYS ARE MADE 524 00:17:48,300 --> 00:17:49,735 OF SOLAR CELLS WHICH ARE 525 00:17:49,735 --> 00:17:51,537 PURIFIED CHUNKS OF THE ELEMENT 526 00:17:51,537 --> 00:17:52,838 TOGETHER THE SOLAR ARRAYS 527 00:17:52,838 --> 00:17:56,442 CONTAIN A TOTAL OF 262400 SOLAR 528 00:17:56,442 --> 00:17:58,343 CELLS AND COVER THE AREA OF 529 00:17:58,343 --> 00:18:00,045 27,000 SQUARE FEET AND MORE THAN 530 00:18:00,045 --> 00:18:01,146 HALF OF THE AREA OF A FOOTBALL 531 00:18:01,146 --> 00:18:01,547 FIELD. 532 00:18:01,547 --> 00:18:03,549 THAT IS HUGE. 533 00:18:03,549 --> 00:18:05,250 WHEN THE STATION IS IN SUN 534 00:18:05,250 --> 00:18:06,752 LOOTING THE SOLAR ARRAYS PRODUCE 535 00:18:06,752 --> 00:18:08,654 ABOUT 60% MORE POWER THAN WE 536 00:18:08,654 --> 00:18:09,555 ACTUALLY NEED DURING THE 537 00:18:09,555 --> 00:18:10,656 DAYTIME. 538 00:18:10,656 --> 00:18:11,957 AND THAT EXTRA POWER GOES 539 00:18:11,957 --> 00:18:14,259 DIRECTLY TO CHARGING THE LITHIUM 540 00:18:14,259 --> 00:18:15,761 ION BATTERIES AND THOSE 541 00:18:15,761 --> 00:18:17,062 BATTERIES ARE ESSENTIAL BECAUSE 542 00:18:17,062 --> 00:18:18,764 THEY PROVIDE THE POWER NEEDED 543 00:18:18,764 --> 00:18:20,966 DURING THE 16 NIGHTTIMES WE HAVE 544 00:18:20,966 --> 00:18:22,067 PER DAY HERE ON THE SPACE 545 00:18:22,067 --> 00:18:23,569 STATION. 546 00:18:23,569 --> 00:18:25,471 THE ENERGY OUR SOLAR ARRAYS CAN 547 00:18:25,471 --> 00:18:28,474 PRODUCE IS HUFF TO POWER 4 HOMES 548 00:18:28,474 --> 00:18:29,775 AND MAXIMIZE THE POWER WE 549 00:18:29,775 --> 00:18:31,877 GENERATE BY ROTATING THE RACE IN 550 00:18:31,877 --> 00:18:33,879 TWO AXIS ONE LIKE A WIND MILL TO 551 00:18:33,879 --> 00:18:35,280 TRACK THE SUN THROUGH THE COURSE 552 00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:35,981 OF THE DAY. 553 00:18:35,981 --> 00:18:37,483 THE OTHER TO TRACK THE SUN'S 554 00:18:37,483 --> 00:18:39,384 INCLINATION OR THE ANGLE IN THE 555 00:18:39,384 --> 00:18:40,085 SKY. 556 00:18:40,085 --> 00:18:41,186 THE SPACE STATION'S ELECTRICAL 557 00:18:41,186 --> 00:18:43,489 POWER SYSTEM USES DIRECT CURRENT 558 00:18:43,489 --> 00:18:44,990 TO PROVIDE ENERGY FOR THE 559 00:18:44,990 --> 00:18:46,892 LAPTOPS, LIGHTS, WATER RECOVER 560 00:18:46,892 --> 00:18:48,193 ROY SYSTEM AND SCIENCE 561 00:18:48,193 --> 00:18:49,828 EXPERIMENTS. 562 00:18:49,828 --> 00:18:51,330 THANK FOR COMING ABOARD TODAY. 563 00:18:51,330 --> 00:19:15,254 NOW BACK TO EARTH. 564 00:19:15,254 --> 00:19:16,755 >> CHRISTINA KOCH IS TWO AND A 565 00:19:16,755 --> 00:19:17,856 HALF MOPS INTO THE FIRST 566 00:19:17,856 --> 00:19:19,358 SPACEFLIGHT AND SAID TO STAY ON 567 00:19:19,358 --> 00:19:21,960 ORBIT UNTIL FEBRUARY OF 2020. 568 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:23,161 PRIOR TO COMING TO NASA SHE 569 00:19:23,161 --> 00:19:24,763 ACCRUED MANY OF USUAL 570 00:19:24,763 --> 00:19:26,465 CREDENTIALS NECESSARY AS 571 00:19:26,465 --> 00:19:27,766 ASTRONAUT BUT THERE IS A LOT 572 00:19:27,766 --> 00:19:28,967 MORE TO HER STORY. 573 00:19:28,967 --> 00:19:30,969 WE ARE ABOUT TO TAKE A LOOK AT 574 00:19:30,969 --> 00:19:32,271 THE FAVORITE EXTREME PASSING 575 00:19:32,271 --> 00:19:33,572 PAST TIMES WHICH INCLUDE A 576 00:19:33,572 --> 00:19:35,274 SHOCKING SCIENTIFIC CREATION AND 577 00:19:35,274 --> 00:19:36,475 SEVERAL ADVENTURES THAT BROUGHT 578 00:19:36,475 --> 00:19:45,384 HER TO WHERE SHE IS TODAY. 579 00:19:45,384 --> 00:19:46,885 >> WITHIN THING I LOVE IS 580 00:19:46,885 --> 00:19:47,886 OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES. 581 00:19:47,886 --> 00:19:49,588 HE LOVE ROCK CLIMBING, SURFING, 582 00:19:49,588 --> 00:19:51,990 CAMPING, BACKPACKING, ANYTHING 583 00:19:51,990 --> 00:19:53,091 THAT IS A CHALLENGE THAT PUT 584 00:19:53,091 --> 00:19:54,293 MESS IN A CIRCUMSTANCE THAT I 585 00:19:54,293 --> 00:19:56,094 HAVE TO THINK HARD TO GET OUT OF 586 00:19:56,094 --> 00:19:57,996 OR JUST ENJOY THE OUTDOORS SO 587 00:19:57,996 --> 00:20:01,800 THOSE ARE MY FAVORITE THINGS. 588 00:20:01,800 --> 00:20:03,602 MY FAVORITE VACATION EVER IS 589 00:20:03,602 --> 00:20:05,103 CALMING TRIPS WITH MY LITTLE 590 00:20:05,103 --> 00:20:06,104 SISTER. 591 00:20:06,104 --> 00:20:08,106 SHE IS ABOUT 20 YEARS YOUNGER 592 00:20:08,106 --> 00:20:10,008 THAN ME AND WE LIKE TO GO OUT ON 593 00:20:10,008 --> 00:20:11,510 ADVENTURES THEN WEST EVERYWHERE 594 00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:13,912 FROM MONTANA, UTAH, EVERYWHERE 595 00:20:13,912 --> 00:20:16,415 IN BETWEEN AND WE HAVE A BALL. 596 00:20:16,415 --> 00:20:17,516 >> ONE THING PEOPLE ARE 597 00:20:17,516 --> 00:20:19,217 SURPRISED TO HEAR ABOUT ME. 598 00:20:19,217 --> 00:20:20,118 I HAVE ACTUALLY RID AND 599 00:20:20,118 --> 00:20:22,020 MOTORCYCLE SOLO ACROSS THE 600 00:20:22,020 --> 00:20:22,921 COUNTRY. 601 00:20:22,921 --> 00:20:24,222 THE TRIP WAS FROM NORTH CAROLINA 602 00:20:24,222 --> 00:20:25,724 TO MONTANA. 603 00:20:25,724 --> 00:20:27,025 AND I CALM COMPANIED ALONG THE 604 00:20:27,025 --> 00:20:28,527 WAY BY MYSELF AIN'T WAS 605 00:20:28,527 --> 00:20:30,028 PHENOMENAL TRIP. 606 00:20:30,028 --> 00:20:31,129 I LEARNED A LOT ABOUT SELF 607 00:20:31,129 --> 00:20:32,831 RELIANCE, PLANNING, AND ALSO 608 00:20:32,831 --> 00:20:34,933 JUST ENJOYED EVERY MINUTE OF 609 00:20:34,933 --> 00:20:36,234 KIND OF SEEING THAT COUNTRY GO 610 00:20:36,234 --> 00:20:38,136 BY. 611 00:20:38,136 --> 00:20:39,438 WHEN WAS IN COLLEGE, I WAS 612 00:20:39,438 --> 00:20:41,440 MAJORING IN PHYSICS AND I TOOK 613 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:43,542 IT ABOUT MYSELF TO BUILD A 614 00:20:43,542 --> 00:20:44,843 LIGHTNING MACHINE WHICH IS KNOWN 615 00:20:44,843 --> 00:20:46,545 AS A THREES COIL. 616 00:20:46,545 --> 00:20:49,548 IT IS DEVICE IN VENTED BY TESLA 617 00:20:49,548 --> 00:20:50,782 AND PRODUCES EIGHT ACTUAL 618 00:20:50,782 --> 00:20:51,883 LIGHTNING STRIKES THAT ARE 619 00:20:51,883 --> 00:20:53,785 FAIRLY LONG AND I REMEMBER IT 620 00:20:53,785 --> 00:20:55,787 WAS A SUMMER PROJECT FOR ME. 621 00:20:55,787 --> 00:20:57,289 I INVITED A BUNCH OF MY FRIENDS 622 00:20:57,289 --> 00:20:59,391 OVER IN COLLEGE TO CHECK OUT AND 623 00:20:59,391 --> 00:21:01,393 THEY WERE COMPLETELY BAFFLED AT 624 00:21:01,393 --> 00:21:03,495 ONE HOW I DID IT, WHY I CHOSES 625 00:21:03,495 --> 00:21:04,096 TO DO IT. 626 00:21:04,096 --> 00:21:05,597 AT THE SAME TIME I THINK THEY 627 00:21:05,597 --> 00:21:06,298 KNEW IT WAS NEAR AND DEAR TO MY 628 00:21:06,298 --> 00:21:07,799 HEART. 629 00:21:07,799 --> 00:21:10,202 I AM A GEEK AT HEART. 630 00:21:10,202 --> 00:21:12,904 I STUDY AID BROAD IN GHANA IN 631 00:21:12,904 --> 00:21:14,506 WEST AFRICA AND THAT TRIP WAS 632 00:21:14,506 --> 00:21:15,707 ONE OF THE MOST PROFOUND 633 00:21:15,707 --> 00:21:17,509 EXPERIENCES OF MY LIFE. 634 00:21:17,509 --> 00:21:19,211 IT TAUGHT ME THE PERSPECTIVE 635 00:21:19,211 --> 00:21:20,712 THAT NOT EVERYTHING THAT I HAD 636 00:21:20,712 --> 00:21:22,414 COME TO KNOW SO FAR IN LIFE WAS 637 00:21:22,414 --> 00:21:24,316 THE SAME THE WORLD ROUND. 638 00:21:24,316 --> 00:21:26,018 THAT MY EXPERIENCES AND MY WAY 639 00:21:26,018 --> 00:21:27,319 OF SEEING THE WORLD WAS JUST ONE 640 00:21:27,319 --> 00:21:28,820 OF MANY WAYS. 641 00:21:28,820 --> 00:21:30,622 AND I LEARNED ABOUT AN ENTIRELY 642 00:21:30,622 --> 00:21:32,524 DIFFERENT CULTURE AND CAME TO 643 00:21:32,524 --> 00:21:34,826 LOVE IT. 644 00:21:34,826 --> 00:21:35,127 ♪ 645 00:21:35,127 --> 00:21:35,527 ♪ ♪ 646 00:21:35,527 --> 00:21:35,661 ♪ 647 00:21:35,661 --> 00:21:35,927 ♪ 648 00:21:35,927 --> 00:21:47,939 ♪ 649 00:21:47,939 --> 00:21:50,475 >> FOR NEARLY DECADES ASTRONAUTS 650 00:21:50,475 --> 00:21:51,777 HAVE BEEN TRAVELING TO SPACE TO 651 00:21:51,777 --> 00:21:53,478 WORK ON GROUNDBREAKING SCIENCE 652 00:21:53,478 --> 00:21:54,780 THAT PUSHES THE BOUNDARIES IN 653 00:21:54,780 --> 00:21:55,781 SEVERAL FIELDS. 654 00:21:55,781 --> 00:21:58,383 DURING HIS MISSION IN 2019 SPACE 655 00:21:58,383 --> 00:22:01,586 ASTRONAUT SOUGHT TO CAPTURE THE 656 00:22:01,586 --> 00:22:03,288 SPACECRAFT IN A POWERFUL SERIES 657 00:22:03,288 --> 00:22:04,589 OF PHOTOS TITLED THE 658 00:22:04,589 --> 00:22:08,694 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AS 659 00:22:08,694 --> 00:22:09,294 ART. 660 00:22:09,294 --> 00:22:09,594 ♪ 661 00:22:09,594 --> 00:22:09,995 ♪ ♪ 662 00:22:09,995 --> 00:23:26,505 ♪ ♪ 663 00:23:26,505 --> 00:23:26,638 ♪ 664 00:23:26,638 --> 00:24:05,377 ♪ 665 00:24:05,377 --> 00:24:06,278 >> INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 666 00:24:06,278 --> 00:24:08,580 HAS GIVEN US 20 YEARS PLANTED 667 00:24:08,580 --> 00:24:10,782 FORM TO DEVELOP, TEST, A NEW 668 00:24:10,782 --> 00:24:11,683 FLEET OF VEHICLE. 669 00:24:11,683 --> 00:24:13,785 NEXT VIDEO HIGHLIGHTS HOW THE 670 00:24:13,785 --> 00:24:15,687 MONK WE CONTINUE TO GRAIN THE 671 00:24:15,687 --> 00:24:17,489 WORK ONBOARD THIS ORBITING 672 00:24:17,489 --> 00:24:19,391 LABORATORIES VITAL TO FUTURE IN 673 00:24:19,391 --> 00:24:20,892 SPACE. 674 00:24:20,892 --> 00:24:22,194 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, 675 00:24:22,194 --> 00:24:24,496 THE FOOTBALL FIELD SIZED MILLION 676 00:24:24,496 --> 00:24:26,498 POUND LABORATORY FLYING AROUND 677 00:24:26,498 --> 00:24:29,901 PLANET EARTH AT 17,000MILES PER 678 00:24:29,901 --> 00:24:30,802 HOUR. 679 00:24:30,802 --> 00:24:32,504 IT IS OUR HOME AND LOW EARTH 680 00:24:32,504 --> 00:24:34,005 ORBIT AND THE BRIDGE TO 681 00:24:34,005 --> 00:24:35,707 EXPLORING THE FAR REACHES OF OUR 682 00:24:35,707 --> 00:24:39,110 SOLAR SYSTEM. 683 00:24:39,110 --> 00:24:40,412 A PLACE TO LEARN WHAT IT TABS TO 684 00:24:40,412 --> 00:24:42,814 LIB, TO WORK, TO THRIVE, IN 685 00:24:42,814 --> 00:24:46,418 SPACE. 686 00:24:46,418 --> 00:24:47,919 THANS TO SPACE AGENCIES 687 00:24:47,919 --> 00:24:49,020 REPRESENTING MORE THAN ADORNS 688 00:24:49,020 --> 00:24:49,654 THE WORLD. 689 00:24:49,654 --> 00:24:51,056 I WENT ARE THE DRAWING BOARD TO 690 00:24:51,056 --> 00:24:52,858 LIFTOFF WHEN THE FIRST PIECE FLU 691 00:24:52,858 --> 00:24:55,360 INTO SPACE IN 1998. 692 00:24:55,360 --> 00:24:57,362 THAT KICKED OFF OVER A DECADE OF 693 00:24:57,362 --> 00:25:01,967 CONSTRUCTION PIECE BY PIECE ON 694 00:25:01,967 --> 00:25:03,668 NASA'S SPACE SHUTTLE AND RUSSIAN 695 00:25:03,668 --> 00:25:04,669 ROCKETS. 696 00:25:04,669 --> 00:25:06,271 AND AFTER THE FIRST CREW ARRIVED 697 00:25:06,271 --> 00:25:08,373 IN NOVEMBER OF 2000 WE STARTED 698 00:25:08,373 --> 00:25:10,976 UNBROKEN STREAK OF HUMANS LIVING 699 00:25:10,976 --> 00:25:13,478 AND WORKING IN SPACE. 700 00:25:13,478 --> 00:25:15,080 BUILDING ON THE LEGACY OF PAST 701 00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:17,582 OUTPOSTS LIKE SKYLAB AND MIR. 702 00:25:17,582 --> 00:25:19,084 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 703 00:25:19,084 --> 00:25:20,785 BECAME THE TRAINING GROUND FOR 704 00:25:20,785 --> 00:25:23,388 HUMANITY'S NEXT GREAT JOURNEYS. 705 00:25:23,388 --> 00:25:24,689 LEARNING HOW TO LIVE IN SPACE 706 00:25:24,689 --> 00:25:27,292 FOR EXTREME PERIODS OF TIME, 707 00:25:27,292 --> 00:25:28,593 BUILDING AND PERFECTING THE 708 00:25:28,593 --> 00:25:30,095 TECHNOLOGIES NECESSARY TO TRAVEL 709 00:25:30,095 --> 00:25:32,197 TO OUR NEIGHBORS IN THE THE 710 00:25:32,197 --> 00:25:32,898 SOLAR SYSTEM. 711 00:25:32,898 --> 00:25:34,599 GAVE THE US A PLACE RIGHT ON THE 712 00:25:34,599 --> 00:25:35,901 DOORSTEP TO HE PREPARE FOR THE 713 00:25:35,901 --> 00:25:37,602 NEXT GIANT LEAP INTO THE 714 00:25:37,602 --> 00:25:38,703 UNKNOWN. 715 00:25:38,703 --> 00:25:40,205 AND THANKS TO THE STATION, A NEW 716 00:25:40,205 --> 00:25:41,907 ERA AND OUTER SPACE IS 717 00:25:41,907 --> 00:25:43,608 UNFOLDING. 718 00:25:43,608 --> 00:25:45,510 WHAT WAS ONCE THE DOMAIN OF ONLY 719 00:25:45,510 --> 00:25:47,312 NATIONS AND GOVERNMENTS IS NOW 720 00:25:47,312 --> 00:25:49,547 POP ALATED BY GROWING SPACE 721 00:25:49,547 --> 00:25:51,750 FLEET FROM AMERICAN INDUSTRY. 722 00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:53,852 PRIVATE SPACECRAFT TO FLY CARGO 723 00:25:53,852 --> 00:25:56,655 AND CREWMEMBERS, NEW HABITATS 724 00:25:56,655 --> 00:25:58,556 AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE 725 00:25:58,556 --> 00:26:00,859 SPACE MISSIONS AND OPEN DOOR FOR 726 00:26:00,859 --> 00:26:02,360 COMPANIES, RESEARCH 727 00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:04,462 INSTITUTIONS, AND EVEN STUDENTS 728 00:26:04,462 --> 00:26:06,665 AROUND THE WORLD TO DO RESEARCH 729 00:26:06,665 --> 00:26:08,566 IN SPACE THAT HAVE NEVER HAD THE 730 00:26:08,566 --> 00:26:10,669 OPPORTUNITY BEFORE. 731 00:26:10,669 --> 00:26:12,871 OH, LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR A 732 00:26:12,871 --> 00:26:15,674 ROBUST ECONOMY IN SPACE. 733 00:26:15,674 --> 00:26:16,975 THERE HAVE BEEN THOUSANDS OF 734 00:26:16,975 --> 00:26:19,277 EXPERIMENTS, HUNDREDS OF 735 00:26:19,277 --> 00:26:21,880 SPACEWALKS, AND ENDLESS HOURS OF 736 00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:24,482 CHALLENGES AND SUCCESSES, ALL 737 00:26:24,482 --> 00:26:25,984 DONE BY HUMANS HAILING FROM 738 00:26:25,984 --> 00:26:28,086 COUNTRIES AROUND THE GLOBE. 739 00:26:28,086 --> 00:26:29,788 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 740 00:26:29,788 --> 00:26:31,589 IS WHAT WE CAN ACHIEVE AS PLANET 741 00:26:31,589 --> 00:26:33,291 WHEN WE COME TOGETHER TO DO THE 742 00:26:33,291 --> 00:26:35,193 THINGS THAT ARE HARD. 743 00:26:35,193 --> 00:26:36,895 AND THE WORK IS NOT SLOWING 744 00:26:36,895 --> 00:26:37,796 DOWN. 745 00:26:37,796 --> 00:26:39,497 BECAUSE WE ARE READY FOR THE 746 00:26:39,497 --> 00:26:40,999 NEXT GIANT LEAP. 747 00:26:40,999 --> 00:26:43,802 BECAUSE WE'RE READY TO GO, 748 00:26:43,802 --> 00:26:45,303 BECAUSE WHAT WE DO AND LEARN 749 00:26:45,303 --> 00:26:47,505 ALONG THE WAY IS FOR THE BENEFIT 750 00:26:47,505 --> 00:26:55,947 OF ALL HUMAN KIND. 751 00:26:55,947 --> 00:26:57,048 >> IF WOULD LOO LIKE ANOTHER 752 00:26:57,048 --> 00:26:58,950 LOOK TODAY, CHECK US OUT ON 753 00:26:58,950 --> 00:27:01,353 YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK AT THE 754 00:27:01,353 --> 00:27:03,755 ADDRESSES ON THE BLUE BOX ON TV 755 00:27:03,755 --> 00:27:04,155 SCENE. 756 00:27:04,155 --> 00:27:05,457 WHILE YOU ARE THERE, TAKE A LOOK 757 00:27:05,457 --> 00:27:06,558 AT THE OTHER COOL STUFF 758 00:27:06,558 --> 00:27:08,460 AVAILABLE HIGHLIGHTING SPACE AND 759 00:27:08,460 --> 00:27:09,761 AMERICA'S HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT 760 00:27:09,761 --> 00:27:10,161 PROGRAM. 761 00:27:10,161 --> 00:27:11,663 IF YOU NEED ANSWERS AND MORE 762 00:27:11,663 --> 00:27:12,964 SPACE IN YOUR DAY, CHECK OUT 763 00:27:12,964 --> 00:27:14,866 HOUSTON WE HAVE A PODCAST. 764 00:27:14,866 --> 00:27:17,068 THE SHOW FEATURES FOLKS AROUND 765 00:27:17,068 --> 00:27:18,370 NASA TALKING ABOUT THE WORK WIN 766 00:27:18,370 --> 00:27:19,571 ALL ASPECTS OF SPACE 767 00:27:19,571 --> 00:27:20,472 EXPLORATION. 768 00:27:20,472 --> 00:27:22,374 THE NEW EPISODES POST ON FRIDAY 769 00:27:22,374 --> 00:27:23,475 SO TODAY WE BRING YOU 770 00:27:23,475 --> 00:27:24,976 INTERESTING TALK ABOUT THE PACTS 771 00:27:24,976 --> 00:27:28,179 ON OF ISOLATION. 772 00:27:28,179 --> 00:27:29,881 AND ON REGULAR PEOPLE LIKE ROCK 773 00:27:29,881 --> 00:27:31,383 STARS. 774 00:27:31,383 --> 00:27:32,684 IN TODAY'S EPISODE. 775 00:27:32,684 --> 00:27:33,985 GARY JORDAN TALKS TO 776 00:27:33,985 --> 00:27:36,588 PSYCHOLOGIST AND HE TALKS TO A 777 00:27:36,588 --> 00:27:38,790 PSYCHOLOGIST AND VETERAN SPACE 778 00:27:38,790 --> 00:27:40,191 FOUGHT AS WELL AS THE MEMBERS OF 779 00:27:40,191 --> 00:27:41,092 THE BAND. 780 00:27:41,092 --> 00:27:42,594 AS THEY EXPLORE COPING WITH 781 00:27:42,594 --> 00:27:44,095 ISOLATION ON THE JOB. 782 00:27:44,095 --> 00:27:45,797 THIS SPECIAL CONVERSATION TOOK 783 00:27:45,797 --> 00:27:47,799 PLACE EARLIER THIS MON DURING A 784 00:27:47,799 --> 00:27:50,535 LIVE FACEBOOK AND NASA TV. 785 00:27:50,535 --> 00:27:52,637 GO TO NASA.GOV TO FIND THAT 786 00:27:52,637 --> 00:27:55,640 EPISODE AS WELL AS ALL NASA 787 00:27:55,640 --> 00:27:57,142 PODCASTS ALL OF WHICH YOU CAN 788 00:27:57,142 --> 00:27:59,344 ALSO LISTEN TO ON APPLE PODCAST 789 00:27:59,344 --> 00:28:00,845 AND GOOGLE PODCAST AND 790 00:28:00,845 --> 00:28:01,446 SOUNDCLOUD. 791 00:28:01,446 --> 00:28:11,456 THIS IS MISSION CONTROL HOUSTON.