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>>> Ignition sequence start.

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♪

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>> Good morning and welcome to

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mission control Houston and the

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international station flight

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control group.

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This is where there is a team of

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SP-RBTists around THE clock to

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monitor systems and work with

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the crew members as they go

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through tasks on their daily

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agenda.

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LABORATORY science is a primary

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job as they monitor a NUMBER of

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experiments including an

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investigation into how space

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radiation damages DNA and how

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cells repair themselves in micro

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gravity.

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>> Welcome to space to ground.

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This week ASTRONAUTs on board

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the space station research

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damaged DNA.

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Nick hague worked INSIDE the

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Columbus module with the genes

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in space 6 environment how the

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cell repair mechanism works in

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micro gravity.

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Increased exposer to radiation

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can AFFECT long-term health with

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the increased risk of cancer and

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other degenerative DANGERs, they

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will study the DNA repair

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mechanisms by assessing

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mutations and repair AT the

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molecular level.

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An increased understanding of

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how cells repair DNA damage

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while in micro-gravity can

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CONtribute to future methods to

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protect the ASTRONAUTs on future

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missions to the moon and beyond.

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It is a competition for students

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in grades 7-12 that address

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challenges in space travel.

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One of the many ways students

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can benefit from the

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international space station.

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For MORE head to NASA.gov to

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look for MORE opportunities this

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week's question: Do ASTRONAUTs

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get medical care when they

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return to earth?

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Yes.

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All have a flight surgeon

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assigned to them and they

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support them pre-flight, during

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SKPHEUGZ post flight they CHECK

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their vital signs and provide

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any medical treatment needed.

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They start the journey back to

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Houston that same day

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ACCOMPANIED by THEIR flight

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surgeon who will support any

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medical tests and recovery

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programs to ensure the crew

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members are readapting to

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earth's gravity.

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Keep sending in your questions

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using the # ask NASA.

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We'll see you next week.

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>> 59 expeditions have served on

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the international space station

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since the year 2000 and there

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are MORE to come.

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They have worked together to

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Achief scientific goals to

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return to THE moon by 2024 and

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into the SOLAR system to mars.

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NASA is building THE systems

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right now that will take us to

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our next destination.

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>> Fit years ago we pioneered

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the path.

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The trail we blazed cut through

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the fictions of science and

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showed us all what was possible.

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Today our calling to explore is

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even greater.

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To go farther we must be able to

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sustain missions of greater

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distance and duration.

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We must use the resources we

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find AT our destinations.

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We must OVERCOME radiation,

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isolation, gravity and extreme

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environments like never before.

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These are the challenges we face

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to push the bounds of humanity.

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We are GOING to the moon to stay

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by 2024.

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And this is how.

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>> It starts with the ability to

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get larger, heavier payloads off

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planet and beyond earth's

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gravity.

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>> For this we design a new

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rocket.

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>> Space launch system.

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>> Sls will be the most powerful

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rocket ever developed.

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>> With comPOINTs in

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PROdeclaration.

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>> And MORE in testing.

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>> This system is the catalyst

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for deep space PHEUGDZs.

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>> We need a capsulena can

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support humans from launch

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through deep space and return

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safely back to earth.

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>> This is NASA's next

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generation human space capsule.

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>> Using data from lunar

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orbiters to reveal hazards and

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resources.

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>> We are developing a new

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approach to landing and

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operating ON THE moon.

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>> Using commercial partners to

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deliver instruments and robotics

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to the surface, we are paving

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the way for HAOUL an missions in

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2024.

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>> Our charge is to go quickly

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and stay.

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To PRES our collective efforts

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forward with a fervor that will

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see us return to the moon in

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a MANNER wholly different.

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>> That are reUSABLE and can

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land everywhere on the lunar

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surface.

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The simplest way is to give them

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a platform to transition.

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>> An orbiting platform to host

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deep space experiments and away

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point for human capsules.

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We call it gateway.

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>> The beauty is it can move

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between orbits.

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>> And launch even deeper space

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missions.

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>> In 2009we learned the moon

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contains millions of tons of

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WAUFRT ice and can be purified

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for air for breathing and water

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for rocket fuel.

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>> It will prepare us and fuel

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us for mars and beyond.

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>> This is what we are building.

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>> This is what we are training

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for.

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>> This we can replicate

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throughout the SOLAR system.

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>> This is the next chapter of

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human space exploration.

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>> Humans are THE most fragile

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ELEMENT of this endeavor and we

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go for HUMANity.

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We go to the moon and on to mars

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to seek knowledge and

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understanding and to share it

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with all.

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We go knowing our efforts will

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create opportunities that cannot

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be foreSAOEFPB.

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We go because we are destined to

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explore and see it with our own

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eyes.

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We turn towards the moon now not

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as a conclusion, but as

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preparation.

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As a checkpoint toward all that

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lies beyond.

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Our greatest ADVENTUREs remain

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AHEAD of us.

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We are GOING.

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>> We're GOING.

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>> We are GOING.

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>> We are GOING.

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>> We're GOING.

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>> The international space

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station is part of a wide group

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of NASA programs that are

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working it develop the systems

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that will be needed for future

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human exploreination space.

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NASA's human research program is

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DOING research and technology

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developMENT to enable people to

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live and work safely and

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EFFECTiveLY in space over long

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periods of time.

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One of the most challenging

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ASPECTs of sending human beings

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beyond low earth orbit is

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dealing with space radiation.

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♪

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>> The journey to mar, THE human

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research program works to

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project, assess and solve the

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problem ASTRONAUTs have in

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space.

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Specifically for radiation

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research, the human research

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program works to predict and

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mitigate the HEALTH EFFECTs of

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space radiation on ASTRONAUTs.

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>> One of the most challenging

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parts of a JOURNEY TO mars in

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terms of the humans and not

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necessarily the technology to

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get there is the risk of

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radiation exposure and the

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in-flight EXPOSURE and long-term

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health consequences of exposure.

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>> There are two parts of

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radiation to protect the crew

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from.

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One is the SOLAR particle

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AFFECTs.

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We know how to protect the crew

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from that and put them into

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a shelter that is shielded and

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they are very short duration

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powers today that most can come

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out and continue with their

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journey.

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That's the one ASPECT we

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radiation we know.

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The other we really don't have

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a firm handle on is the highly

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energetic particles that come

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from all over the galaxy toward

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the SOLAR system and earth.

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You can't shield against it.

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They are so energetic they rip

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right through all metals, all

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plastic, all water and cellular

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materials.

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As they rip through little

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electrons and PROtons come off

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and GOING through certain

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materials causes a worse

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radiation for the crew than

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others.

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We are looking to produce shield

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and not produce MORE hazardous

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materials.

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A LOT OF people think radiation

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will keep NASA from sending

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people to the mars.

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That's not the current

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situation.

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We have techniques, we have

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dicussed ways of getting there

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faster.

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We know we can have a successful

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mars mission, a healthy crew and

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have them live a long and

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productive life after the return

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to earth.

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♪

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>> The international space

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station is about preparing

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America and its partners for the

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future missions.

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IT is also about ADVANCing space

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flight right now through the

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promotion of commercialization.

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Both commercial crew and cargo

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vehicles, but also commercial

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research anduteilization of

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space.

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One good example is alpha-space,

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the COMPANY responsible for

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developing a flight facility.

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>> It was formed in 2015 and is

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a product of this new

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commercialization in low earth

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orbit.

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It was formed specifically to

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create a commercial pay load

294
00:11:19,412 --> 00:11:21,981
available in space for private

295
00:11:21,981 --> 00:11:22,448
industry.

296
00:11:22,448 --> 00:11:24,517
It dates to the early 2nds

297
00:11:24,517 --> 00:11:25,618
the first mission.

298
00:11:25,618 --> 00:11:28,154
It is utilized by NASA, the

299
00:11:28,154 --> 00:11:29,755
department of defense for

300
00:11:29,755 --> 00:11:30,923
experiments.

301
00:11:30,923 --> 00:11:33,325
Around 2010 NASA put out a call

302
00:11:33,325 --> 00:11:38,664
for ideas to privatize PORTIONs

303
00:11:38,664 --> 00:11:41,500
of the space station and we

304
00:11:41,500 --> 00:11:43,436
answered that and wound up with

305
00:11:43,436 --> 00:11:45,037
a COOPERATIVE agreement.

306
00:11:45,037 --> 00:11:47,373
If they want to test materials

307
00:11:47,373 --> 00:11:50,376
in a harsh environment, this is

308
00:11:50,376 --> 00:11:51,844
the most harsh environment that

309
00:11:51,844 --> 00:11:54,713
is available and that's external

310
00:11:54,713 --> 00:11:57,283
to the space station.

311
00:11:57,283 --> 00:12:00,119
They were first one-time use and

312
00:12:00,119 --> 00:12:01,387
open up and expose the materials

313
00:12:01,387 --> 00:12:02,154
to space.

314
00:12:02,154 --> 00:12:04,523
The platform is a permanent

315
00:12:04,523 --> 00:12:07,593
platform robotically serviceable

316
00:12:07,593 --> 00:12:08,994
and commandable from the ground

317
00:12:08,994 --> 00:12:11,363
FROM THE operation center here.

318
00:12:11,363 --> 00:12:13,365
We not only test material, but

319
00:12:13,365 --> 00:12:15,401
technical demos and test

320
00:12:15,401 --> 00:12:17,770
circuitry and COMPUTER board,

321
00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:19,939
cameras and its service ABLTS

322
00:12:19,939 --> 00:12:21,941
and changeability allows science

323
00:12:21,941 --> 00:12:26,579
to continue for 10 years ago

324
00:12:26,579 --> 00:12:27,179
forward.

325
00:12:27,179 --> 00:12:28,681
Every year new commercial

326
00:12:28,681 --> 00:12:29,982
companies are coming into the

327
00:12:29,982 --> 00:12:31,717
fold of this new economy

328
00:12:31,717 --> 00:12:32,284
developing.

329
00:12:32,284 --> 00:12:34,386
I think the space station

330
00:12:34,386 --> 00:12:36,655
a great platform to start

331
00:12:36,655 --> 00:12:38,624
commercialization and platforms

332
00:12:38,624 --> 00:12:40,759
like the missy are GOING to

333
00:12:40,759 --> 00:12:48,434
drive a new demand in space.

334
00:12:48,434 --> 00:12:50,803
>> Those missy experiments are

335
00:12:50,803 --> 00:12:53,372
there where they are in part to

336
00:12:53,372 --> 00:12:55,274
catch what may be flying through

337
00:12:55,274 --> 00:12:57,576
space by the space station.

338
00:12:57,576 --> 00:13:00,312
Orbital debris poses a RISK to

339
00:13:00,312 --> 00:13:01,413
spacecraft too.

340
00:13:01,413 --> 00:13:06,318
The international space station

341
00:13:06,318 --> 00:13:09,188
has an impact sensor.

342
00:13:09,188 --> 00:13:11,790
By monitoring impacts caused by

343
00:13:11,790 --> 00:13:13,592
small scale material floating in

344
00:13:13,592 --> 00:13:16,095
the area, this space debris

345
00:13:16,095 --> 00:13:18,297
sensor will generate a BETTER

346
00:13:18,297 --> 00:13:19,765
estimate of the Amount of stuff

347
00:13:19,765 --> 00:13:22,268
out there that could help BETTER

348
00:13:22,268 --> 00:13:24,503
define shielding requirements

349
00:13:24,503 --> 00:13:31,010
for future spacecraft.

350
00:13:31,010 --> 00:14:37,209
♪

351
00:14:37,209 --> 00:14:53,926
♪

352
00:14:53,926 --> 00:14:56,028
>> Being able to identify

353
00:14:56,028 --> 00:14:58,631
microbes ABARD the international

354
00:14:58,631 --> 00:14:59,965
space station in real time was

355
00:14:59,965 --> 00:15:02,034
a revolutionary goal for the

356
00:15:02,034 --> 00:15:04,436
world of micro biology and space

357
00:15:04,436 --> 00:15:06,672
exploration and the genes in

358
00:15:06,672 --> 00:15:08,841
space team turned that into

359
00:15:08,841 --> 00:15:11,610
a reality when it created the.

360
00:15:11,610 --> 00:15:13,512
SAle to sequence process entireY

361
00:15:13,512 --> 00:15:14,546
ON orbit.

362
00:15:14,546 --> 00:15:15,948
It COULD aid in the ability to

363
00:15:15,948 --> 00:15:18,751
diagnose and treat ASTRONAUT

364
00:15:18,751 --> 00:15:20,853
ailMENTs in real time or benefit

365
00:15:20,853 --> 00:15:23,355
other experiment Aboard the

366
00:15:23,355 --> 00:15:24,923
station and assist in the

367
00:15:24,923 --> 00:15:26,892
identification of DNA-based life

368
00:15:26,892 --> 00:15:32,564
on other planets.

369
00:15:32,564 --> 00:15:48,380
♪

370
00:15:48,380 --> 00:15:50,115
>> We went for the homerun

371
00:15:50,115 --> 00:15:52,017
experiment trying to get

372
00:15:52,017 --> 00:15:54,720
a sample that originated on the

373
00:15:54,720 --> 00:15:55,421
iss.

374
00:15:55,421 --> 00:15:56,722
>> The goal was to show you can

375
00:15:56,722 --> 00:15:58,424
could from a sample to an answer

376
00:15:58,424 --> 00:15:59,391
all on board.

377
00:15:59,391 --> 00:16:01,360
>> I am GOING to do this really

378
00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:11,170
neat experiment today.

379
00:16:11,170 --> 00:16:13,806
Lasts week we took surface

380
00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:14,673
samples.

381
00:16:14,673 --> 00:16:16,075
There will be ENOUGH DNA after

382
00:16:16,075 --> 00:16:18,477
we magnify it to sequence it.

383
00:16:18,477 --> 00:16:20,079
Then we can determine what type

384
00:16:20,079 --> 00:16:21,780
of bacteria it is.

385
00:16:21,780 --> 00:16:23,349
It will be really exciting for

386
00:16:23,349 --> 00:16:25,017
us, I think, to try to do this

387
00:16:25,017 --> 00:16:26,352
for the first time all on board

388
00:16:26,352 --> 00:16:32,591
the space station.

389
00:16:32,591 --> 00:16:48,941
♪

390
00:16:48,941 --> 00:16:50,542
>> She is collecting the cells

391
00:16:50,542 --> 00:16:52,978
and my heart was just pounding.

392
00:16:52,978 --> 00:16:54,947
What she did HAD never been

393
00:16:54,947 --> 00:16:55,347
done.

394
00:16:55,347 --> 00:16:59,218
>> Our DNA take is in the pTR

395
00:16:59,218 --> 00:16:59,885
oven.

396
00:16:59,885 --> 00:17:01,353
We look forward to getting lots

397
00:17:01,353 --> 00:17:02,921
and lots of DNA from the three

398
00:17:02,921 --> 00:17:24,276
bacteria colonies.

399
00:17:24,276 --> 00:17:26,178
>> You can just patch your cell

400
00:17:26,178 --> 00:17:28,380
phone in and talk to pego your

401
00:17:28,380 --> 00:17:29,715
cell phone to do this.

402
00:17:29,715 --> 00:17:32,050
There is hurricane raging

403
00:17:32,050 --> 00:17:34,153
literally outside but the folks

404
00:17:34,153 --> 00:17:39,191
in marshall on it and are GOING

405
00:17:39,191 --> 00:17:40,159
to make it happen.

406
00:17:40,159 --> 00:17:42,795
We saw one microorganism pop up

407
00:17:42,795 --> 00:17:44,263
and another oneLET I thought oh,

408
00:17:44,263 --> 00:17:47,499
my gosh, I am watching the first

409
00:17:47,499 --> 00:17:50,202
sequences ever OF AN unknown

410
00:17:50,202 --> 00:17:59,077
from space.

411
00:17:59,077 --> 00:18:00,679
>> I CHECKed several times.

412
00:18:00,679 --> 00:18:04,450
I ran a bichemical tests and two

413
00:18:04,450 --> 00:18:06,518
different sequences tests.

414
00:18:06,518 --> 00:18:09,254
We are 100% sure the samples we

415
00:18:09,254 --> 00:18:10,589
got from the ground are the same

416
00:18:10,589 --> 00:18:11,857
we got on orbit.

417
00:18:11,857 --> 00:18:12,958
We did it.

418
00:18:12,958 --> 00:18:20,666
Everything worked perfectly.

419
00:18:20,666 --> 00:18:26,405
♪

420
00:18:26,405 --> 00:18:29,475
>> As a microbiologist my goal

421
00:18:29,475 --> 00:18:30,175
is when we.

422
00:18:30,175 --> 00:18:32,110
>>> And move beyond iss and are

423
00:18:32,110 --> 00:18:36,281
headed to mars or the moon or

424
00:18:36,281 --> 00:18:38,617
where ever we are headed to we

425
00:18:38,617 --> 00:18:41,220
can have an understanding of the

426
00:18:41,220 --> 00:18:43,088
environment based on molecular

427
00:18:43,088 --> 00:18:47,226
technology.

428
00:18:47,226 --> 00:18:49,328
>> The LABORATORies AT the

429
00:18:49,328 --> 00:18:50,696
international space station are

430
00:18:50,696 --> 00:18:52,197
not the only places on the

431
00:18:52,197 --> 00:18:53,532
vehicle where scientific

432
00:18:53,532 --> 00:18:55,067
research takes place.

433
00:18:55,067 --> 00:18:56,235
The outside of the station is

434
00:18:56,235 --> 00:18:58,203
home to a NUMBER of experiments

435
00:18:58,203 --> 00:19:00,105
including the total and

436
00:19:00,105 --> 00:19:02,541
spectrali radiance sensor.

437
00:19:02,541 --> 00:19:04,510
It is continuing NASA's

438
00:19:04,510 --> 00:19:06,745
decades-long work of gathering

439
00:19:06,745 --> 00:19:09,948
important data to help

440
00:19:09,948 --> 00:19:14,453
researchers investigating

441
00:19:14,453 --> 00:19:15,888
earth's climate.

442
00:19:15,888 --> 00:19:21,827
>> Follow the sun.

443
00:19:21,827 --> 00:19:26,431
Presented by science AT NASA.

444
00:19:26,431 --> 00:19:27,766
The sun.

445
00:19:27,766 --> 00:19:30,269
It inspires songs, warms us and

446
00:19:30,269 --> 00:19:31,637
grows our food.

447
00:19:31,637 --> 00:19:33,772
Life on land and in the oceans,

448
00:19:33,772 --> 00:19:35,807
the daily weather and long-term

449
00:19:35,807 --> 00:19:38,043
climate patterns happen because

450
00:19:38,043 --> 00:19:40,679
of the energy we receive from

451
00:19:40,679 --> 00:19:41,847
our closest star.

452
00:19:41,847 --> 00:19:43,649
Even tiny variations in the

453
00:19:43,649 --> 00:19:46,485
energy can AFFECT the working of

454
00:19:46,485 --> 00:19:47,419
our ATMOSPHERE.

455
00:19:47,419 --> 00:19:48,987
NASA uses instruments to follow

456
00:19:48,987 --> 00:19:50,489
the sun and monitor the Amount

457
00:19:50,489 --> 00:19:52,391
of SOLAR energy coming to us.

458
00:19:52,391 --> 00:19:54,126
The latest instrument to do so,

459
00:19:54,126 --> 00:20:01,900
the total and SOLAR irradiance

460
00:20:01,900 --> 00:20:03,502
sensor helps.

461
00:20:03,502 --> 00:20:06,705
It scatters information from its

462
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:08,674
purchase Aboard the iss.

463
00:20:08,674 --> 00:20:11,043
Flying ON THE platform the orbit

464
00:20:11,043 --> 00:20:14,513
be LABORATORY continues NASA's

465
00:20:14,513 --> 00:20:16,815
40-year record of tracking the

466
00:20:16,815 --> 00:20:18,817
sun's radiant INJURY, one of the

467
00:20:18,817 --> 00:20:20,852
most important CLIMATE data

468
00:20:20,852 --> 00:20:23,088
records gathered from space.

469
00:20:23,088 --> 00:20:25,991
Earth's ice mass has diminished,

470
00:20:25,991 --> 00:20:28,594
sea levels have risen.

471
00:20:28,594 --> 00:20:29,761
Drought and PRECIPITATION

472
00:20:29,761 --> 00:20:32,364
patterns have changed and

473
00:20:32,364 --> 00:20:33,999
growing seasons have changed.

474
00:20:33,999 --> 00:20:37,235
To determine the cause of the

475
00:20:37,235 --> 00:20:39,037
changes and refine the models to

476
00:20:39,037 --> 00:20:40,472
simulate earth's climate,

477
00:20:40,472 --> 00:20:42,874
researchers mutt know THE Amount

478
00:20:42,874 --> 00:20:45,644
of incoming SOLAR INJURY.

479
00:20:45,644 --> 00:20:48,981
The lead SCIENTIST EXplains:

480
00:20:48,981 --> 00:20:50,382
When there is a balance between

481
00:20:50,382 --> 00:20:52,084
the incoming energy from the sun

482
00:20:52,084 --> 00:20:56,588
and infrared radiation from the

483
00:20:56,588 --> 00:21:03,862
earth, balance remains steady.

484
00:21:03,862 --> 00:21:05,297
Energy from the sun makes up

485
00:21:05,297 --> 00:21:07,633
half of the balanced equation.

486
00:21:07,633 --> 00:21:08,800
Even though the measureMENT

487
00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:10,836
record shows the sun's SOLAR

488
00:21:10,836 --> 00:21:12,638
energy out put has not HAD

489
00:21:12,638 --> 00:21:16,308
a major input the out put knees

490
00:21:16,308 --> 00:21:18,944
to be monitored -- needs to be

491
00:21:18,944 --> 00:21:20,912
monitored CONTINUOUSly and the

492
00:21:20,912 --> 00:21:23,448
most important variable we need

493
00:21:23,448 --> 00:21:23,915
to understand.

494
00:21:23,915 --> 00:21:25,584
Understanding climate without

495
00:21:25,584 --> 00:21:27,552
measuring the sun's input is

496
00:21:27,552 --> 00:21:29,087
like try to go balance

497
00:21:29,087 --> 00:21:30,989
a checkbook without knowing

498
00:21:30,989 --> 00:21:31,256
income.

499
00:21:31,256 --> 00:21:33,458
IT is measured over long time

500
00:21:33,458 --> 00:21:35,927
span, decades to centuries and

501
00:21:35,927 --> 00:21:37,763
longer, unlike weather that

502
00:21:37,763 --> 00:21:40,399
changes over small-time scales.

503
00:21:40,399 --> 00:21:41,533
To measure over long time

504
00:21:41,533 --> 00:21:42,868
periods, KOPBTS newt and

505
00:21:42,868 --> 00:21:45,737
accuracy -- continuity and

506
00:21:45,737 --> 00:21:47,439
accuracy are key.

507
00:21:47,439 --> 00:21:50,776
The total irradiance monitor

508
00:21:50,776 --> 00:21:53,245
measures all the irradiant

509
00:21:53,245 --> 00:21:56,014
manager from the sun and how it

510
00:21:56,014 --> 00:21:59,251
is distributed over ultraVIOLET,

511
00:21:59,251 --> 00:22:08,093
visibility and infrared waves.

512
00:22:08,093 --> 00:22:09,327
Measures of the sun's

513
00:22:09,327 --> 00:22:12,731
ultraVIOLET radiation are

514
00:22:12,731 --> 00:22:13,965
critical to understanding the

515
00:22:13,965 --> 00:22:15,634
OZONE LAYER.

516
00:22:15,634 --> 00:22:22,641
OZONE absorbs ultraVIOLET light.

517
00:22:22,641 --> 00:22:25,477
It can impact climate.

518
00:22:25,477 --> 00:22:27,612
So many factors influence

519
00:22:27,612 --> 00:22:29,915
earth's climate, we need to

520
00:22:29,915 --> 00:22:31,683
continue learning how they all

521
00:22:31,683 --> 00:22:33,151
interact.

522
00:22:33,151 --> 00:22:34,653
It is helping us characterize

523
00:22:34,653 --> 00:22:37,055
the sun's behavior and how

524
00:22:37,055 --> 00:22:38,824
earth's ATMOSPHERE responds to

525
00:22:38,824 --> 00:22:39,391
the sun.

526
00:22:39,391 --> 00:22:42,227
For MORE, go to

527
00:22:42,227 --> 00:22:48,166
NASA.gov/iss-science.

528
00:22:48,166 --> 00:22:49,668
To continue following our

529
00:22:49,668 --> 00:22:51,103
closest stars have

530
00:22:51,103 --> 00:22:57,175
science.NASA.gov.

531
00:22:57,175 --> 00:22:58,643
>> International space station

532
00:22:58,643 --> 00:23:01,146
crew members are subjects of

533
00:23:01,146 --> 00:23:05,083
some of the research as they

534
00:23:05,083 --> 00:23:07,185
learn how being in space impacts

535
00:23:07,185 --> 00:23:09,488
health and how they establish

536
00:23:09,488 --> 00:23:13,725
a routine for sleep to function

537
00:23:13,725 --> 00:23:16,795
in the best of their ability.

538
00:23:16,795 --> 00:23:17,863
We hear about some of the

539
00:23:17,863 --> 00:23:20,332
problems with sleep in space and

540
00:23:20,332 --> 00:23:21,900
how the ASTRONAUTs are

541
00:23:21,900 --> 00:23:26,805
OVERCOMing them.

542
00:23:26,805 --> 00:23:39,985
♪

543
00:23:39,985 --> 00:23:42,954
>> I am Ricky Arnold ON THE

544
00:23:42,954 --> 00:23:43,622
international space station.

545
00:23:43,622 --> 00:23:45,791
We get asked a lot how do we

546
00:23:45,791 --> 00:23:46,792
sleep in space.

547
00:23:46,792 --> 00:23:48,126
It's a great question because we

548
00:23:48,126 --> 00:23:49,161
know how important a good

549
00:23:49,161 --> 00:23:50,695
night's sleep is.

550
00:23:50,695 --> 00:23:52,197
If you are not getting a good

551
00:23:52,197 --> 00:23:55,233
night's sleep you can have poor

552
00:23:55,233 --> 00:23:57,302
reaction time and reduced

553
00:23:57,302 --> 00:23:59,137
cognitive function and being

554
00:23:59,137 --> 00:23:59,838
grumpy.

555
00:23:59,838 --> 00:24:03,074
Here in space like on earth,

556
00:24:03,074 --> 00:24:04,643
those are things we want to

557
00:24:04,643 --> 00:24:05,210
avoid.

558
00:24:05,210 --> 00:24:08,246
We go around the earth every 90

559
00:24:08,246 --> 00:24:10,215
minutes with 16 SUNrises and

560
00:24:10,215 --> 00:24:12,317
SUNsets a day.

561
00:24:12,317 --> 00:24:14,719
How we sleep is a good question

562
00:24:14,719 --> 00:24:16,321
because the sun is getting ready

563
00:24:16,321 --> 00:24:18,990
to come up or set and we know

564
00:24:18,990 --> 00:24:21,993
when it is time too begin and --

565
00:24:21,993 --> 00:24:23,795
to begin and end our day.

566
00:24:23,795 --> 00:24:25,797
>> He is talking BE ABOUT the

567
00:24:25,797 --> 00:24:29,100
circadian rhythm.

568
00:24:29,100 --> 00:24:32,571
The 16 SUNrises and SUNsets can

569
00:24:32,571 --> 00:24:34,940
cause misalignMENT and sleep

570
00:24:34,940 --> 00:24:38,510
DEFICIENCies.

571
00:24:38,510 --> 00:24:41,213
It can range from poor attention

572
00:24:41,213 --> 00:24:43,281
to long-term sleep loss and

573
00:24:43,281 --> 00:24:44,583
chronic disease.

574
00:24:44,583 --> 00:24:46,318
Sleep is super important.

575
00:24:46,318 --> 00:24:48,386
Hey, Ricky, what are you doing

576
00:24:48,386 --> 00:24:50,555
to get sleep?

577
00:24:50,555 --> 00:24:52,123
>> Here in space we have to do

578
00:24:52,123 --> 00:24:53,692
it artificially.

579
00:24:53,692 --> 00:24:56,461
We have nice crew quarters.

580
00:24:56,461 --> 00:24:57,229
About the size of

581
00:24:57,229 --> 00:24:59,698
a refrigerator, very quiet.

582
00:24:59,698 --> 00:25:02,634
The space station can be noisy

583
00:25:02,634 --> 00:25:04,135
but it's quiet in here.

584
00:25:04,135 --> 00:25:05,670
We can control light with

585
00:25:05,670 --> 00:25:07,005
a light switch.

586
00:25:07,005 --> 00:25:09,007
If we are just middle of the day

587
00:25:09,007 --> 00:25:10,842
we have a light like you see

588
00:25:10,842 --> 00:25:14,179
now, just standard lighting.

589
00:25:14,179 --> 00:25:15,914
Getting close to the end of the

590
00:25:15,914 --> 00:25:17,415
EVENing you want to dim the

591
00:25:17,415 --> 00:25:18,884
light a bit.

592
00:25:18,884 --> 00:25:20,819
For the end of the evening or if

593
00:25:20,819 --> 00:25:23,421
you are up late and need to keep

594
00:25:23,421 --> 00:25:26,024
Awake we have a bright light

595
00:25:26,024 --> 00:25:26,591
setting.

596
00:25:26,591 --> 00:25:28,860
The other thing we have is off.

597
00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:31,329
You see how dark it got.

598
00:25:31,329 --> 00:25:32,631
Another challenge sleeping ON

599
00:25:32,631 --> 00:25:36,668
THE station station, sleeping in

600
00:25:36,668 --> 00:25:39,070
micro gravity is nice, you can

601
00:25:39,070 --> 00:25:40,472
stretch out and the float and

602
00:25:40,472 --> 00:25:41,606
it's comfortable.

603
00:25:41,606 --> 00:25:44,075
With the air currents, you COULD

604
00:25:44,075 --> 00:25:46,544
very well float into a piece of

605
00:25:46,544 --> 00:25:48,380
hardware and hit your head or

606
00:25:48,380 --> 00:25:49,147
break something.

607
00:25:49,147 --> 00:25:51,416
We have our sleeping bag here,

608
00:25:51,416 --> 00:25:52,651
like on earth.

609
00:25:52,651 --> 00:25:55,353
As you can see we have bungee

610
00:25:55,353 --> 00:25:58,123
cords to hold us against the

611
00:25:58,123 --> 00:25:59,891
wall and sleep standing up.

612
00:25:59,891 --> 00:26:02,060
I have a pillow, it's just a bag

613
00:26:02,060 --> 00:26:03,361
full of clothes.

614
00:26:03,361 --> 00:26:05,363
I keep it on the top of my head.

615
00:26:05,363 --> 00:26:07,999
I'm tall and the crew quarters I

616
00:26:07,999 --> 00:26:09,734
hit my head ON THE ceiling when

617
00:26:09,734 --> 00:26:10,936
I am sleeping.

618
00:26:10,936 --> 00:26:14,506
I have I my sleeping bag and

619
00:26:14,506 --> 00:26:18,877
bungee cord and when I am ready

620
00:26:18,877 --> 00:26:23,315
unzip and climb under the bungee

621
00:26:23,315 --> 00:26:26,184
cord and into the sleeping bag

622
00:26:26,184 --> 00:26:27,619
and make sure you are nice and

623
00:26:27,619 --> 00:26:33,458
secure and zip yourself up, plan

624
00:26:33,458 --> 00:26:35,360
on getting a good night's sleep

625
00:26:35,360 --> 00:26:37,896
so I have good reaction time and

626
00:26:37,896 --> 00:26:40,498
cognitive ability is what it

627
00:26:40,498 --> 00:26:42,233
SHOULD be and I'm not grumpy in

628
00:26:42,233 --> 00:26:42,934
the morning.

629
00:26:42,934 --> 00:26:45,036
With that I'm all set.

630
00:26:45,036 --> 00:26:49,207
Good night from the iss.

631
00:26:49,207 --> 00:27:12,597
♪

632
00:27:12,597 --> 00:27:14,199
>> If you would like to get

633
00:27:14,199 --> 00:27:15,166
another look AT government

634
00:27:15,166 --> 00:27:17,002
stories we featured today you

635
00:27:17,002 --> 00:27:17,535
can.

636
00:27:17,535 --> 00:27:19,671
CHECK us out on youtube and

637
00:27:19,671 --> 00:27:20,538
facebook.

638
00:27:20,538 --> 00:27:21,840
There are the addresses ON THE

639
00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:22,240
screen.

640
00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:23,908
And while you are there, look

641
00:27:23,908 --> 00:27:24,442
around.

642
00:27:24,442 --> 00:27:25,977
There are lots of other cool

643
00:27:25,977 --> 00:27:27,479
things you can find there about

644
00:27:27,479 --> 00:27:30,015
NASA and America's human space

645
00:27:30,015 --> 00:27:30,815
flight program.

646
00:27:30,815 --> 00:27:34,386
Also while you're out on the

647
00:27:34,386 --> 00:27:37,222
internet, CHECK out Houston we

648
00:27:37,222 --> 00:27:40,025
have a podcast, talking about

649
00:27:40,025 --> 00:27:41,659
all ASPECTs of space

650
00:27:41,659 --> 00:27:42,761
EXPLORATION.

651
00:27:42,761 --> 00:27:45,764
We post every Friday.

652
00:27:45,764 --> 00:27:47,065
Today we talks about space

653
00:27:47,065 --> 00:27:48,967
medicine, past, present and

654
00:27:48,967 --> 00:27:50,835
FUTURE AND features real NASA

655
00:27:50,835 --> 00:27:52,837
flight surge ans and an --

656
00:27:52,837 --> 00:28:05,250
surgeon and an ASTRONAUT.

657
00:28:05,250 --> 00:28:08,586
You can also listen to apple

658
00:28:08,586 --> 00:28:10,755
podcast, GOOGLE podcast and

659
00:28:10,755 --> 00:28:11,589
sound cloud.

660
00:28:11,589 --> 00:28:13,792
Join NASA television and

661
00:28:13,792 --> 00:28:16,895
NASA.gov Wednesday May 29th.

662
00:28:16,895 --> 00:28:19,998
The next space walk ON THE

663
00:28:19,998 --> 00:28:27,005
international space station, the

664
00:28:27,005 --> 00:28:28,540
ASTRONAUTs will head out the

665
00:28:28,540 --> 00:28:29,007
door.

666
00:28:29,007 --> 00:28:31,776
Coverage starts AT 10:15 a.m.

667
00:28:31,776 --> 00:28:33,445
Houston time Wednesday morning.

668
00:28:33,445 --> 00:28:35,113
It is scheduled to begin AT

669
00:28:35,113 --> 00:28:36,648
10:44.

670
00:28:36,648 --> 00:28:44,456
This is mission control Houston.

671
00:28:44,456 --> 00:28:54,466
♪