>>> Ignition sequence start.
♪
>> Good morning and welcome to
mission control Houston and the
international station flight
control group.
This is where there is a team of
SP-RBTists around THE clock to
monitor systems and work with
the crew members as they go
through tasks on their daily
agenda.
LABORATORY science is a primary
job as they monitor a NUMBER of
experiments including an
investigation into how space
radiation damages DNA and how
cells repair themselves in micro
gravity.
>> Welcome to space to ground.
This week ASTRONAUTs on board
the space station research
damaged DNA.
Nick hague worked INSIDE the
Columbus module with the genes
in space 6 environment how the
cell repair mechanism works in
micro gravity.
Increased exposer to radiation
can AFFECT long-term health with
the increased risk of cancer and
other degenerative DANGERs, they
will study the DNA repair
mechanisms by assessing
mutations and repair AT the
molecular level.
An increased understanding of
how cells repair DNA damage
while in micro-gravity can
CONtribute to future methods to
protect the ASTRONAUTs on future
missions to the moon and beyond.
It is a competition for students
in grades 7-12 that address
challenges in space travel.
One of the many ways students
can benefit from the
international space station.
For MORE head to NASA.gov to
look for MORE opportunities this
week's question: Do ASTRONAUTs
get medical care when they
return to earth?
Yes.
All have a flight surgeon
assigned to them and they
support them pre-flight, during
SKPHEUGZ post flight they CHECK
their vital signs and provide
any medical treatment needed.
They start the journey back to
Houston that same day
ACCOMPANIED by THEIR flight
surgeon who will support any
medical tests and recovery
programs to ensure the crew
members are readapting to
earth's gravity.
Keep sending in your questions
using the # ask NASA.
We'll see you next week.
>> 59 expeditions have served on
the international space station
since the year 2000 and there
are MORE to come.
They have worked together to
Achief scientific goals to
return to THE moon by 2024 and
into the SOLAR system to mars.
NASA is building THE systems
right now that will take us to
our next destination.
>> Fit years ago we pioneered
the path.
The trail we blazed cut through
the fictions of science and
showed us all what was possible.
Today our calling to explore is
even greater.
To go farther we must be able to
sustain missions of greater
distance and duration.
We must use the resources we
find AT our destinations.
We must OVERCOME radiation,
isolation, gravity and extreme
environments like never before.
These are the challenges we face
to push the bounds of humanity.
We are GOING to the moon to stay
by 2024.
And this is how.
>> It starts with the ability to
get larger, heavier payloads off
planet and beyond earth's
gravity.
>> For this we design a new
rocket.
>> Space launch system.
>> Sls will be the most powerful
rocket ever developed.
>> With comPOINTs in
PROdeclaration.
>> And MORE in testing.
>> This system is the catalyst
for deep space PHEUGDZs.
>> We need a capsulena can
support humans from launch
through deep space and return
safely back to earth.
>> This is NASA's next
generation human space capsule.
>> Using data from lunar
orbiters to reveal hazards and
resources.
>> We are developing a new
approach to landing and
operating ON THE moon.
>> Using commercial partners to
deliver instruments and robotics
to the surface, we are paving
the way for HAOUL an missions in
2024.
>> Our charge is to go quickly
and stay.
To PRES our collective efforts
forward with a fervor that will
see us return to the moon in
a MANNER wholly different.
>> That are reUSABLE and can
land everywhere on the lunar
surface.
The simplest way is to give them
a platform to transition.
>> An orbiting platform to host
deep space experiments and away
point for human capsules.
We call it gateway.
>> The beauty is it can move
between orbits.
>> And launch even deeper space
missions.
>> In 2009we learned the moon
contains millions of tons of
WAUFRT ice and can be purified
for air for breathing and water
for rocket fuel.
>> It will prepare us and fuel
us for mars and beyond.
>> This is what we are building.
>> This is what we are training
for.
>> This we can replicate
throughout the SOLAR system.
>> This is the next chapter of
human space exploration.
>> Humans are THE most fragile
ELEMENT of this endeavor and we
go for HUMANity.
We go to the moon and on to mars
to seek knowledge and
understanding and to share it
with all.
We go knowing our efforts will
create opportunities that cannot
be foreSAOEFPB.
We go because we are destined to
explore and see it with our own
eyes.
We turn towards the moon now not
as a conclusion, but as
preparation.
As a checkpoint toward all that
lies beyond.
Our greatest ADVENTUREs remain
AHEAD of us.
We are GOING.
>> We're GOING.
>> We are GOING.
>> We're GOING.
>> The international space
station is part of a wide group
of NASA programs that are
working it develop the systems
that will be needed for future
human exploreination space.
NASA's human research program is
DOING research and technology
developMENT to enable people to
live and work safely and
EFFECTiveLY in space over long
periods of time.
One of the most challenging
ASPECTs of sending human beings
beyond low earth orbit is
dealing with space radiation.
♪
>> The journey to mar, THE human
research program works to
project, assess and solve the
problem ASTRONAUTs have in
space.
Specifically for radiation
research, the human research
program works to predict and
mitigate the HEALTH EFFECTs of
space radiation on ASTRONAUTs.
>> One of the most challenging
parts of a JOURNEY TO mars in
terms of the humans and not
necessarily the technology to
get there is the risk of
radiation exposure and the
in-flight EXPOSURE and long-term
health consequences of exposure.
>> There are two parts of
radiation to protect the crew
from.
One is the SOLAR particle
AFFECTs.
We know how to protect the crew
from that and put them into
a shelter that is shielded and
they are very short duration
powers today that most can come
out and continue with their
journey.
That's the one ASPECT we
radiation we know.
The other we really don't have
a firm handle on is the highly
energetic particles that come
from all over the galaxy toward
the SOLAR system and earth.
You can't shield against it.
They are so energetic they rip
right through all metals, all
plastic, all water and cellular
materials.
As they rip through little
electrons and PROtons come off
and GOING through certain
materials causes a worse
radiation for the crew than
others.
We are looking to produce shield
and not produce MORE hazardous
materials.
A LOT OF people think radiation
will keep NASA from sending
people to the mars.
That's not the current
situation.
We have techniques, we have
dicussed ways of getting there
faster.
We know we can have a successful
mars mission, a healthy crew and
have them live a long and
productive life after the return
to earth.
♪
>> The international space
station is about preparing
America and its partners for the
future missions.
IT is also about ADVANCing space
flight right now through the
promotion of commercialization.
Both commercial crew and cargo
vehicles, but also commercial
research anduteilization of
space.
One good example is alpha-space,
the COMPANY responsible for
developing a flight facility.
>> It was formed in 2015 and is
a product of this new
commercialization in low earth
orbit.
It was formed specifically to
create a commercial pay load
available in space for private
industry.
It dates to the early 2nds
the first mission.
It is utilized by NASA, the
department of defense for
experiments.
Around 2010 NASA put out a call
for ideas to privatize PORTIONs
of the space station and we
answered that and wound up with
a COOPERATIVE agreement.
If they want to test materials
in a harsh environment, this is
the most harsh environment that
is available and that's external
to the space station.
They were first one-time use and
open up and expose the materials
to space.
The platform is a permanent
platform robotically serviceable
and commandable from the ground
FROM THE operation center here.
We not only test material, but
technical demos and test
circuitry and COMPUTER board,
cameras and its service ABLTS
and changeability allows science
to continue for 10 years ago
forward.
Every year new commercial
companies are coming into the
fold of this new economy
developing.
I think the space station
a great platform to start
commercialization and platforms
like the missy are GOING to
drive a new demand in space.
>> Those missy experiments are
there where they are in part to
catch what may be flying through
space by the space station.
Orbital debris poses a RISK to
spacecraft too.
The international space station
has an impact sensor.
By monitoring impacts caused by
small scale material floating in
the area, this space debris
sensor will generate a BETTER
estimate of the Amount of stuff
out there that could help BETTER
define shielding requirements
for future spacecraft.
♪
>> Being able to identify
microbes ABARD the international
space station in real time was
a revolutionary goal for the
world of micro biology and space
exploration and the genes in
space team turned that into
a reality when it created the.
SAle to sequence process entireY
ON orbit.
It COULD aid in the ability to
diagnose and treat ASTRONAUT
ailMENTs in real time or benefit
other experiment Aboard the
station and assist in the
identification of DNA-based life
on other planets.
♪
>> We went for the homerun
experiment trying to get
a sample that originated on the
iss.
>> The goal was to show you can
could from a sample to an answer
all on board.
>> I am GOING to do this really
neat experiment today.
Lasts week we took surface
samples.
There will be ENOUGH DNA after
we magnify it to sequence it.
Then we can determine what type
of bacteria it is.
It will be really exciting for
us, I think, to try to do this
for the first time all on board
the space station.
♪
>> She is collecting the cells
and my heart was just pounding.
What she did HAD never been
done.
>> Our DNA take is in the pTR
oven.
We look forward to getting lots
and lots of DNA from the three
bacteria colonies.
>> You can just patch your cell
phone in and talk to pego your
cell phone to do this.
There is hurricane raging
literally outside but the folks
in marshall on it and are GOING
to make it happen.
We saw one microorganism pop up
and another oneLET I thought oh,
my gosh, I am watching the first
sequences ever OF AN unknown
from space.
>> I CHECKed several times.
I ran a bichemical tests and two
different sequences tests.
We are 100% sure the samples we
got from the ground are the same
we got on orbit.
We did it.
Everything worked perfectly.
♪
>> As a microbiologist my goal
is when we.
>>> And move beyond iss and are
headed to mars or the moon or
where ever we are headed to we
can have an understanding of the
environment based on molecular
technology.
>> The LABORATORies AT the
international space station are
not the only places on the
vehicle where scientific
research takes place.
The outside of the station is
home to a NUMBER of experiments
including the total and
spectrali radiance sensor.
It is continuing NASA's
decades-long work of gathering
important data to help
researchers investigating
earth's climate.
>> Follow the sun.
Presented by science AT NASA.
The sun.
It inspires songs, warms us and
grows our food.
Life on land and in the oceans,
the daily weather and long-term
climate patterns happen because
of the energy we receive from
our closest star.
Even tiny variations in the
energy can AFFECT the working of
our ATMOSPHERE.
NASA uses instruments to follow
the sun and monitor the Amount
of SOLAR energy coming to us.
The latest instrument to do so,
the total and SOLAR irradiance
sensor helps.
It scatters information from its
purchase Aboard the iss.
Flying ON THE platform the orbit
be LABORATORY continues NASA's
40-year record of tracking the
sun's radiant INJURY, one of the
most important CLIMATE data
records gathered from space.
Earth's ice mass has diminished,
sea levels have risen.
Drought and PRECIPITATION
patterns have changed and
growing seasons have changed.
To determine the cause of the
changes and refine the models to
simulate earth's climate,
researchers mutt know THE Amount
of incoming SOLAR INJURY.
The lead SCIENTIST EXplains:
When there is a balance between
the incoming energy from the sun
and infrared radiation from the
earth, balance remains steady.
Energy from the sun makes up
half of the balanced equation.
Even though the measureMENT
record shows the sun's SOLAR
energy out put has not HAD
a major input the out put knees
to be monitored -- needs to be
monitored CONTINUOUSly and the
most important variable we need
to understand.
Understanding climate without
measuring the sun's input is
like try to go balance
a checkbook without knowing
income.
IT is measured over long time
span, decades to centuries and
longer, unlike weather that
changes over small-time scales.
To measure over long time
periods, KOPBTS newt and
accuracy -- continuity and
accuracy are key.
The total irradiance monitor
measures all the irradiant
manager from the sun and how it
is distributed over ultraVIOLET,
visibility and infrared waves.
Measures of the sun's
ultraVIOLET radiation are
critical to understanding the
OZONE LAYER.
OZONE absorbs ultraVIOLET light.
It can impact climate.
So many factors influence
earth's climate, we need to
continue learning how they all
interact.
It is helping us characterize
the sun's behavior and how
earth's ATMOSPHERE responds to
the sun.
For MORE, go to
NASA.gov/iss-science.
To continue following our
closest stars have
science.NASA.gov.
>> International space station
crew members are subjects of
some of the research as they
learn how being in space impacts
health and how they establish
a routine for sleep to function
in the best of their ability.
We hear about some of the
problems with sleep in space and
how the ASTRONAUTs are
OVERCOMing them.
♪
>> I am Ricky Arnold ON THE
international space station.
We get asked a lot how do we
sleep in space.
It's a great question because we
know how important a good
night's sleep is.
If you are not getting a good
night's sleep you can have poor
reaction time and reduced
cognitive function and being
grumpy.
Here in space like on earth,
those are things we want to
avoid.
We go around the earth every 90
minutes with 16 SUNrises and
SUNsets a day.
How we sleep is a good question
because the sun is getting ready
to come up or set and we know
when it is time too begin and --
to begin and end our day.
>> He is talking BE ABOUT the
circadian rhythm.
The 16 SUNrises and SUNsets can
cause misalignMENT and sleep
DEFICIENCies.
It can range from poor attention
to long-term sleep loss and
chronic disease.
Sleep is super important.
Hey, Ricky, what are you doing
to get sleep?
>> Here in space we have to do
it artificially.
We have nice crew quarters.
About the size of
a refrigerator, very quiet.
The space station can be noisy
but it's quiet in here.
We can control light with
a light switch.
If we are just middle of the day
we have a light like you see
now, just standard lighting.
Getting close to the end of the
EVENing you want to dim the
light a bit.
For the end of the evening or if
you are up late and need to keep
Awake we have a bright light
setting.
The other thing we have is off.
You see how dark it got.
Another challenge sleeping ON
THE station station, sleeping in
micro gravity is nice, you can
stretch out and the float and
it's comfortable.
With the air currents, you COULD
very well float into a piece of
hardware and hit your head or
break something.
We have our sleeping bag here,
like on earth.
As you can see we have bungee
cords to hold us against the
wall and sleep standing up.
I have a pillow, it's just a bag
full of clothes.
I keep it on the top of my head.
I'm tall and the crew quarters I
hit my head ON THE ceiling when
I am sleeping.
I have I my sleeping bag and
bungee cord and when I am ready
unzip and climb under the bungee
cord and into the sleeping bag
and make sure you are nice and
secure and zip yourself up, plan
on getting a good night's sleep
so I have good reaction time and
cognitive ability is what it
SHOULD be and I'm not grumpy in
the morning.
With that I'm all set.
Good night from the iss.
♪
>> If you would like to get
another look AT government
stories we featured today you
can.
CHECK us out on youtube and
facebook.
There are the addresses ON THE
screen.
And while you are there, look
around.
There are lots of other cool
things you can find there about
NASA and America's human space
flight program.
Also while you're out on the
internet, CHECK out Houston we
have a podcast, talking about
all ASPECTs of space
EXPLORATION.
We post every Friday.
Today we talks about space
medicine, past, present and
FUTURE AND features real NASA
flight surge ans and an --
surgeon and an ASTRONAUT.
You can also listen to apple
podcast, GOOGLE podcast and
sound cloud.
Join NASA television and
NASA.gov Wednesday May 29th.
The next space walk ON THE
international space station, the
ASTRONAUTs will head out the
door.
Coverage starts AT 10:15 a.m.
Houston time Wednesday morning.
It is scheduled to begin AT
10:44.
This is mission control Houston.
♪