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WE'VE BEEN DEVELOPING
CANCER CELLS TO SPECIFIC

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BIOLOGICAL DRUGS THAT CAN
SELECTIVELY AND EFFECTIVELY

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00:00:23,340 --> 00:00:24,810
GO AFTER CANCER CELLS.

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AND WE UNCOVERED THAT
CANCER CELLS HAVE A

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FOREIGN LANGUAGE THAT THEY
ONLY SPEAK IN THE BODY.

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THIS ALLOWS US TO
EXPLOIT THIS LANGUAGE,

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TO ENCRYPT OUR BIOLOGICAL
DRUGS IN THAT FOREIGN

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LANGUAGE SO ONLY CANCER
CELLS CAN UNDERSTAND US.

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SO WE'RE DOING THIS
EXTREME FORM OF STRESS

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TESTING UNDER MICROGRAVITY.

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THAT IS OUR FIRST ACHIEVEMENT.

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IF WE CAN IDENTIFY AT
LEAST ONE CANDIDATE THAT IS

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RESISTANT TO LEAKINESS AND
NORMAL CELLS, DESPITE BEING

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PUSHED TO THIS MICROGRAVITY
CONDITIONS, THEN THERE'S

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A GOOD CHANCE THAT WHEN
WE GO INTO THE CLINIC WITH

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HUNDREDS OF DIFFERENT TYPES
OF CANCER CELL RIBOSOMES,

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CANCER CELL BIOMARKERS,
THEN WE WILL BE ABLE TO

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STILL RELY ON THIS ASSET
FOR CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT.

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ASTRONAUTS WILL TAKE OUR
CELLS AND PUT THEM INTO, BACK

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INTO THE PROPER 37 DEGREE
CELL CULTURE INCUBATOR,

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AND THEN WITH SYRINGES,
THEY ARE GOING TO APPLY OUR

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REAGENTS INTO THE CANCER
CELLS AND THE HEALTHY CELLS.

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AND THEN THE NEXT DAY THEY
ARE GONNA DO THE READOUT AND

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SEE WHETHER THIS DIFFERENTIAL
BEHAVIOR IS RECAPITULATED

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IN MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS.

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THIS IS ALL ABOUT BETTING
ON THE RIGHT ASSETS

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FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
BECAUSE DRUG DEVELOPMENT

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IS COSTLY AND TAKES TIME.

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AND WE'RE ALSO, WE'RE ALSO
BUILDING HOPE WITH PATIENTS.

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WE WANT TO IDENTIFY THE
BEST CANDIDATES FOR THEM.

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I KNOW IT'S A TOILET AND
I GET A BIG LAUGH FROM

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MY FRIENDS ALL THE TIME.

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LIKE, OH, HE'S, YOU KNOW,
HE'S BUILDING A TOILET.

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AND YOU'RE LIKE, HUH, NOT
JUST A TOILET, YOU KNOW,

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A TITANIUM SPACE TOILET.

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SO IT'S PRETTY NIFTY,
ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU GET

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INTO THE COMPLEXITIES OF IT.

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THE UWMS IS 65% SMALLER
AND 40% LIGHTER THAN THE

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CURRENT TOILET USED ON ISS.

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OUR TOILET WILL BE INSTALLED
JUST ADJACENT TO THAT TOILET

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AND WILL UNDERGO A CONCURRENT
USE WITH THAT TOILET AS

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WE DO THE DEMONSTRATION.

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ONE OF THE THINGS THAT UWMS
HAS TO DO IS IT ACTUALLY HAS

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TO INJECT PRETREAT INTO THE
URINE BEFORE IT SENDS IT TO

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THE URINE PROCESSOR ASSEMBLY.

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THE PRETREAT IS A VERY
STRONG ACID AND IT IS

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NOT VERY COMPATIBLE
WITH A LOT OF MATERIALS.

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SO THAT FORCED US TO
HAVE TO USE A LOT OF

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EXOTIC MATERIALS SUCH AS
INCONEL, ELGILOY, TITANIUM.

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SO ONE OF THE COOLEST
THINGS THAT WE ACTUALLY

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DID ON THIS PROJECT, IS WE
IMPLEMENTED A PROCESS CALLED

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ELECTRON BEAM POWDER BED
FUSION, THAT'S JUST A BIG,

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FANCY WORD FOR 3D PRINTING.

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YOU KNOW, WHEN WE GO
TO THE BATHROOM HERE,

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GRAVITY PULLS EVERYTHING
TO THE GROUND, ESSENTIALLY

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AWAY FROM THE BODY.

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WELL, IN MICROGRAVITY,
WHEN YOU GO INTO SPACE,

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YOU DON'T HAVE THAT LUXURY.

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SO WE HAVE TO
ESSENTIALLY CREATE OUR

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OWN ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY.

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SO AT THE HEART OF THE
UWMS IS CALLED, IS THE

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DUAL FAN SEPARATOR.

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AND THAT'S ACTUALLY THE PART
THAT'S ACTUALLY MADE OUT

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OF THE 3D PRINTED TITANIUM.

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EXPLORATION IS, IS
A HARD BUSINESS.

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IT'S, IT'S UNCOMFORTABLE.

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THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS
THAT THE CREW HAS TO

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DO JUST TO EXPLORE.

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AND THE GOAL WITH THE UWMS
IS TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF

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SPACE FLIGHT IN TERMS OF MASS
AND VOLUME AND POWER USAGE AND

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KEEP WITHIN THOSE CONSTRAINTS,
BUT ALSO MAKE IT A SYSTEM THAT

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THE CREW HAS A MORE LIKELIHOOD
TO BE COMFORTABLE WITH.

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THE OBJECTIVE OF
THE EXPERIMENT SEEMS

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VERY SIMPLE AND IT IS
GROWING THE RADISHES.

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ON THE ISS.

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I KNOW THAT RADISHES HAVE
BEEN GROWN SEVERAL TIMES,

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BUT NEVER IN THE ADVANCED
PLANT HABITAT THAT WE HAVE

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ACTUALLY ENOUGH SPACE TO GROW
A NUMBER OF PLANTS THAT ALLOW

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US TO DO SOME STATISTICS.

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PLANT HABITAT IS CURRENTLY
THE LARGEST, MOST COMPLEX

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PLANT GROWTH SYSTEM
ON THE SPACE STATION.

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THE ACTUAL GROWTH
VOLUME ITSELF FOR PLANTS

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MEASURES ABOUT 20 BY
20 BY 20 INCHES CUBE.

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SO ALL THE REST OF THE VOLUME
OF PLANT HABITAT IS ALL OF THE

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STUFF THAT IT TAKES TO PROVIDE
A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT FOR

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THE PLANTS THAT ARE GROWING
INSIDE OF THE GROWTH CHAMBER.

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RADISHES GROW TO A SIZABLE
VOLUME AND A BIG PIECE OF

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THAT MASS IS THE RADISH ITSELF
THAT BULBOUS TISSUE AND THE

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PROCESS OF DEVELOPING THIS
SECONDARY TISSUE IS COMPLETELY

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UNRESEARCHED IN SPACE, BUT
IT IS RELEVANT BECAUSE IT IS

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SENSITIVE TO ALL THESE THINGS
THAT WE HAVE ON STATION.

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SO IT ADDS TO THIS RATHER
COMPLEX SET OF DATA THAT

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WE NEED TO GET A HANDLE
ON, TO PROPERLY GROW AND

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UNDERSTAND THE CULTIVATION
OF PLANTS IN SPACE.

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TO GO TO MARS IS A LONG
HAUL AND TO GO ANY FURTHER

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THAN MARS IS LONGER YET.

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SO WITHOUT A DOUBT, UNLESS
WE ARE GOING TO HAVE

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SPACE VEHICLES THAT HAVE
ROTATING ELEMENTS THAT CAN

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PROVIDE SOME FRACTIONAL
GRAVITY, THERE'S GOING TO

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BE A MICROGRAVITY AREA.

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AND IN ORDER TO GROW A
REASONABLE AMOUNT OF PLANTS,

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WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THEM
ABOUT MUCH LARGER SYSTEM.

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AND SO THIS EXPERIMENT
IS, IS ONE WAY OF TRYING

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TO GET A LITTLE CLOSER.

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FOR THE PAST TWO YEARS,
WE HAVE BEEN IN INTENSIVE

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PRODUCTION ON A PROJECT
CALLED SPACE EXPLORERS

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THE ISS EXPERIENCE THAT IS
FILMING INSIDE AND OUTSIDE

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OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION THROUGH THE IMMERSIVE

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POWER OF VIRTUAL REALITY.

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AND IN A FEW MONTHS, WE'RE
GOING TO TAKE THE CAMERA

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OUTSIDE TO A DOCUMENT A
FULL SPACE WALK AND TO

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FILM EXTERIOR SHOTS OF
THE SPACE STATION AS WELL

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AS SHOTS OF PLANET EARTH.

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WHAT WE ARE DOING NOW IS
GETTING READY TO LAUNCH

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OUR EVA VIRTUAL REALITY
CAMERA, WHICH IS A SLIGHTLY

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DIFFERENT SYSTEM TO THE
IVA CAMERA THAT WE'VE BEEN

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USING FOR THE PAST TWO YEARS
INSIDE OF THE SPACE STATION.

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WE WORKED IN COLLABORATION
WITH NANORACKS TO MAKE

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IT BASICALLY RESISTANCE
TO THE PRESSURE OF SPACE,

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THE, UH, EXTREME VARIATIONS
IN TEMPERATURES AND WE

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HAD TO MAKE SURE THAT
THE LENSES WERE ALSO

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CERTIFIED FOR USE OUTSIDE.

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AND WE'RE BASICALLY GOING TO
USE DEXTRE AND THE CANADARM AS

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KIND OF A CELESTIAL CRANE AS
YOU WOULD IN THE MIDDLE MOVIES

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TO SHOOT OUTSIDE OF THE ISS.

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BEYOND THE ISS OF COURSE, ARE
A LOT MORE PLACES TO EXPLORE.

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SO THIS HAS REALLY BEEN, YOU
KNOW, INVALUABLE KNOWLEDGE

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TO HELP US DESIGN FUTURE
CAMERAS THAT ARE GOING

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TO GO DEEPER INTO SPACE.

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ONCE AUDIENCES EXPERIENCE IT
I BELIEVE THEY WILL NOT WANT

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TO GO BACK TO TRADITIONAL
MEDIA TO EXPERIENCE

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SPACE CONTENT, YOU KNOW.

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IT'S GOING TO BE THE SORT
OF DEFAULT FAST TRACK.

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SPACE EQUALS IMMERSIVE MEDIA.

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AND BECAUSE OF THAT I
THINK THAT WE'RE GOING TO

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BE BUSY IN THE NEXT FEW
YEARS, DOING MORE AND MORE

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AND MORE OF THOSE PROJECTS.

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NASA IS LOOKING FOR STRATEGIES
TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE

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WASTE GENERATED IN THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

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AND ONE OF THE WAYS OF
THOSE WASTES IS URINE.

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AFTER CERTAIN PROCESSES THAT
URINE CAN BE CONVERTED TO

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AMMONIA AND AMMONIA CAN BE
USED AS A FUEL IN A FUEL CELL.

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THE PROJECT INTENDS
TO HELP WITH THE WATER

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RECYCLING AND ALSO GENERATE
ELECTRICAL CURRENT.

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AMMONIA OXIDATION IS JUST ONE
COMPONENT OF A PROCESS THAT

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HAS BEEN DEVELOPED IN THE LAB
FOR THE SEVERAL YEARS NOW THAT

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00:08:23,630 --> 00:08:25,760
CAN BE USED TO PURIFY URINE.

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THIS WILL CREATE A SYSTEM
THAT CAN BE USED FOR THAT.

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THIS IS THE MODULE.

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LIKE IT'S OPEN.

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EVERYTHING WILL BE
INSIDE NOW IT'S OUT

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BECAUSE I'M TESTING IT.

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RIGHT.

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BUT IF YOU SEE THE TUBINGS,
THE WIRES, THE PUMPS, AND

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ALSO THIS WHITE BOX IS THE
AUTONOMOUS POTENTIAL STEP.

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SO THIS IS MORE THAN
AN APPLICATION FOR

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00:08:53,719 --> 00:08:54,770
THE SPACE STATION.

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00:08:54,979 --> 00:08:57,920
IF IT'S EFFICIENT IN
THE SPACE STATION, IT'S

159
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MORE EFFICIENT ON EARTH.

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00:09:00,435 --> 00:09:02,575
SO THAT'S SORT OF WHY
WE WANT TO DEMONSTRATE

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00:09:02,595 --> 00:09:03,645
THAT IT CAN WORK.

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SO IF YOU THINK BACK TO
THE HISTORY, WE STARTED

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00:09:08,585 --> 00:09:11,495
WITH COMMERCIAL CARGO
TO GET CARGO UP AND DOWN

164
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THE LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

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00:09:12,395 --> 00:09:16,230
THEN WE MOVED TO COMMERCIAL
CREW TO GET PEOPLE UP AND

166
00:09:16,230 --> 00:09:17,280
DOWN TO LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

167
00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:20,540
BUT WE ALSO THOUGHT THAT
IT WOULD BE KEY TO SORT OF

168
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HELP STIMULATE COMMERCIAL
DEMANDS SO THAT WE WOULD

169
00:09:23,600 --> 00:09:27,020
NOT BE THE ONLY CUSTOMER
FOR MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH

170
00:09:27,050 --> 00:09:28,670
CAPABILITY IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

171
00:09:28,829 --> 00:09:31,520
LET’S EXPAND IT AND SEE WHAT
PRIVATE INDUSTRY WOULD WANT

172
00:09:31,520 --> 00:09:34,520
TO DO AND LET THEM COME UP
WITH THESE INNOVATIVE IDEAS

173
00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:37,550
ON HOW THEY COULD MAYBE
MAKE MONEY AND STIMULATE

174
00:09:37,550 --> 00:09:40,670
THIS LEO ECONOMY WITH IDEAS
THAT THEY CAME UP WITH.

175
00:09:40,670 --> 00:09:41,600
SO THAT'S WHAT WE DID.

176
00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:42,380
WE CARVED OUT.

177
00:09:42,720 --> 00:09:46,800
A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF RESOURCES,
CREW TIME, AND UPMASS TO JUST

178
00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:50,430
SUPPORT COMMERCIAL MARKETING
AND PROMOTION ACTIVITIES.

179
00:09:50,460 --> 00:09:53,640
WE DID THE VERY FIRST MISSION
ON A SPACEX CARGO FLIGHT

180
00:09:53,640 --> 00:09:55,770
THAT WENT UP THERE AND IS
ON SPACE STATION TODAY.

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00:09:56,040 --> 00:09:57,780
AND ESTÉE LAUDER
IS COMING UP NEXT.

182
00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:01,230
SO FOR THIS PARTICULAR
PAYLOAD, ESTÉE LAUDER HAS

183
00:10:01,230 --> 00:10:06,090
PROPOSED TO FLY THEIR ADVANCED
NIGHT REPAIR PRODUCT TO THE

184
00:10:06,090 --> 00:10:09,540
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
AND TO PHOTOGRAPH THAT IN

185
00:10:09,570 --> 00:10:12,210
THE ISS'S ICONIC CUPOLA.