1
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>> THESE TWO TANKS ARE FROM

2
00:00:01,868 --> 00:00:03,803
THE SPHERES SLOSH EXPERIMENT,

3
00:00:03,803 --> 00:00:04,337
WHICH WE'VE BEEN

4
00:00:04,337 --> 00:00:06,840
WORKING ON UP HERE.

5
00:00:06,840 --> 00:00:07,540
>> MICROGRAVITY HAS

6
00:00:07,540 --> 00:00:08,908
A LOT TO TEACH US.

7
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TAKE THESE CONTAINERS.

8
00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:11,578
THE GREEN LIQUID INSIDE

9
00:00:11,578 --> 00:00:13,046
IS SHOWING US HOW FUEL SWIRLS

10
00:00:13,046 --> 00:00:14,381
AROUND IN A TANK WHILE

11
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IT MOVES THROUGH SPACE.

12
00:00:15,949 --> 00:00:16,983
WHAT WE LEARNED COULD

13
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HELP US DESIGN SAFER,

14
00:00:18,284 --> 00:00:19,486
MORE EFFICIENT SPACECRAFT.

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AT ANY GIVEN TIME,

16
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WE ARE CONDUCTING CLOSE TO

17
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300 DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS ABOARD

18
00:00:26,626 --> 00:00:28,695
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

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00:00:28,695 --> 00:00:29,829
RESEARCH LIKE THIS IS

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PREPARING US FOR THE FUTURE

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OF SPACE EXPLORATION.

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[ LAUGHING ]

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>> THAT'S COOL.

24
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[ MUSIC ]

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>> WE REALLY CAN'T

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MIMIC THE ENVIRONMENT

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ON THE SPACE STATION

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ANYWHERE ON THIS PLANET,

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AND IT'S WHAT MAKES IT

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SUCH A SPECIAL PLACE,

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AND WHY SCIENTISTS

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FROM MANY UNIVERSITIES,

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SEVERAL COMPANIES,

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LIKE TO SEND THEIR SCIENCE UP.

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BECAUSE,

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ONCE YOU REMOVE GRAVITY,

37
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MANY THINGS ACT DIFFERENTLY.

38
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THIS SEASON, WE'RE EXPLORING

39
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WHY WE SEND SCIENCE TO SPACE

40
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AND WHAT IT TAKES

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TO GET IT THERE.

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SPOILER ALERT,

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YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE

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A ROCKET SCIENTIST TO CONDUCT

45
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RESEARCH IN MICROGRAVITY.

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>> SO THIS IS OUR FIRST PROJECT

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THAT'S GOING UP TO THE STATION

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AND OUR FIRST PROJECT

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WORKING WITH, YOU KNOW,

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ANYONE INVOLVED

51
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IN THE SPACE PROGRAM.

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SO IT'S A VERY EXCITING

53
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TIME FOR US.

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THE TRANSITION FROM, "WHAT AM I

55
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GONNA DO WITH MY LIFE?"

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IN THE MIDDLE OF GRADUATE SCHOOL

57
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TO HERE I AM,

58
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SITTING, IN HOUSTON,

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GETTING READY FOR OUR LAUNCH.

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I CAN'T HARDLY BELIEVE

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THAT IT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING.

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>> MEET ELAINE,

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ONE OF THE CO-FOUNDERS

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OF TYMPANOGEN,

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A MEDICAL DEVICE STARTUP

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BASED IN VIRGINIA.

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HER COMPANY IS DEVELOPING

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A GEL PATCH THAT CAN SERVE

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AS A REPLACEMENT FOR

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EARDRUM REPAIR SURGERY.

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THAT COULD HAVE HUGE BENEFITS

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HERE ON EARTH.

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BUT LAUNCH THAT GEL TO SPACE,

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AND THE OPPORTUNITIES

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FOR USE GROW EVEN MORE.

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FIRST, WE HAVE TO BACK UP

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A FEW STEPS.

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PUTTING YOUR LIFE'S WORK

79
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ON TOP OF A ROCKET

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MAY SEEM LIKE A DAUNTING TASK,

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BUT THERE'S A SYSTEM IN PLACE

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TO HELP SCIENTISTS WHO KNOW

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NOTHING ABOUT SPACE FLIGHT

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GET THEIR RESEARCH INTO ORBIT.

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YOU SEE, NASA AND ITS

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INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS AREN'T

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THE ONLY SOURCE OF SCIENCE

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ABOARD THE SPACE STATION.

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THE ISS U.S. NATIONAL LABORATORY

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CREATES PATHWAYS TO SPACE

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FOR COMPANIES, UNIVERSITIES,

92
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AND EVEN YOUNG STUDENTS.

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IF YOU'RE STARTING A JOURNEY

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INTO THE UNKNOWN,

95
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IT HELPS TO HAVE AN EXPERT

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AT YOUR SIDE

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00:02:39,092 --> 00:02:40,460
TO NAVIGATE THE WAY.

98
00:02:40,460 --> 00:02:41,094
THE NATIONAL LAB

99
00:02:41,094 --> 00:02:42,262
CONNECTS RESEARCHERS

100
00:02:42,262 --> 00:02:43,997
WITH IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS,

101
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WHO PROVIDE RESOURCES

102
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AND GUIDANCE FOR TAKING

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AN EXPERIMENT FROM EARTH

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TO MICRO GRAVITY.

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ELAINE AND HER TEAM

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ARE WORKING WITH NANORACKS.

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>> THEY HAVE THE PLATE READER

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ON THE SPACE STATION

109
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THAT'S GOING TO BE USED

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FOR OUR PROJECT,

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AND THEY'RE RECORDING THE LAUNCH

112
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AND GETTING ALL THE MATERIALS

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TOGETHER FOR US.

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WE'RE GLAD THAT

115
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WE'RE WORKING WITH THEM,

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'CAUSE WE'RE GLAD THAT

117
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SOMEBODY HAS DONE THIS BEFORE

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AND CAN HELP US ALONG

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WITH THE PROCESS.

120
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>> WE HAVE 7,643.

121
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>> THE PROJECT THAT WE'RE

122
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SENDING TO THE SPACE STATION

123
00:03:09,422 --> 00:03:09,956
IS LOOKING AT

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HOW HYDROGELS BEHAVE

125
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IN MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS,

126
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AND WE'RE SPECIFICALLY LOOKING

127
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AT HOW THE STRUCTURE CHANGES

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AND HOW DRUG-RELEASE

129
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PROFILES CHANGE

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IN THE ABSENCE OF GRAVITY.

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>> MY NAME IS PARASTOO.

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I'M A CO-FOUNDER

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AND CO-INVENTOR

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OF THIS TECHNOLOGY.

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AND I'VE BEEN WITH

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TYMPANOGEN SINCE DAY ZERO.

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HYDROGELS ARE A VERY

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IMPORTANT MATERIALS.

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THEY ARE HIGH VOLUME

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WATER THAT CAN VERY WELL MIMIC

141
00:03:35,048 --> 00:03:36,683
THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX,

142
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OF OUR BODY.

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SO WE REALLY THOUGHT THAT,

144
00:03:40,320 --> 00:03:41,921
ANSWERING THIS QUESTION

145
00:03:41,921 --> 00:03:43,489
CAN REALLY HELP

146
00:03:43,489 --> 00:03:45,558
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY.

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>> CONFUSED?

148
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DON'T WORRY,

149
00:03:47,427 --> 00:03:49,028
WE'VE GOT YOU COVERED.

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THINK OF HYDROGELS

151
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LIKE A SCOOP OF GELATIN.

152
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NOT QUITE A LIQUID,

153
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NOT QUITE A SOLID,

154
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DEFINITELY MADE UP

155
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OF MOSTLY WATER.

156
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WE CAN USE HYDROGELS

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TO COVER WOUNDS AND EVEN

158
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DELIVER ANTIBIOTICS

159
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TO PROMOTE HEALING.

160
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FOR THAT REASON,

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HYDROGELS ARE BEING STUDIED

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FOR USE FOR THINGS

163
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LIKE WOUND CARE FOR SOLDIERS

164
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ON BATTLE FIELDS.

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>> IF YOU ARE FAR AWAY

166
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FROM A HOSPITAL OR A CLINIC,

167
00:04:10,416 --> 00:04:11,317
AND YOU CAN'T GET GOOD

168
00:04:11,317 --> 00:04:13,019
MEDICAL CARE RIGHT AWAY,

169
00:04:13,019 --> 00:04:14,320
AND THAT SOLDIER HAS A WOUND,

170
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COULD YOU APPLY THAT HYDROGEL

171
00:04:16,422 --> 00:04:18,024
DIRECTLY TO THE WOUND SITE

172
00:04:18,024 --> 00:04:19,559
AND BEGIN TO TREAT ANY INFECTION

173
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THAT MIGHT BE COMING ON?

174
00:04:20,893 --> 00:04:22,061
WHAT ABOUT IN SPACE, THOUGH?

175
00:04:22,061 --> 00:04:22,895
WHAT IF WE ARE FAR AWAY

176
00:04:22,895 --> 00:04:23,863
FROM EARTH'S SURFACE,

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00:04:23,863 --> 00:04:25,398
ON OUR WAY TOWARDS MARS,

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00:04:25,398 --> 00:04:26,933
AND WE ALSO HAVE ANOTHER WOUND

179
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ON AN ARM OR A LEG,

180
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AND WE NEED A BETTER WAY

181
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TO TREAT THAT WOUND

182
00:04:29,836 --> 00:04:30,570
AND MAKE SURE IT DOESN'T

183
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BECOME INFECTED.

184
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SO TYMPANOGEN,

185
00:04:32,705 --> 00:04:33,740
THE HYDROGEL ITSELF

186
00:04:33,740 --> 00:04:34,807
IS A GREAT EXAMPLE

187
00:04:34,807 --> 00:04:36,476
OF A DUAL-PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY.

188
00:04:36,476 --> 00:04:37,276
IT'S SOMETHING WE CAN USE

189
00:04:37,276 --> 00:04:38,544
NOT ONLY ON THE EARTH,

190
00:04:38,544 --> 00:04:40,246
BUT UP IN SPACE.

191
00:04:40,246 --> 00:04:41,414
>> THIS RESEARCH COULD PROVIDE

192
00:04:41,414 --> 00:04:43,149
PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN FOUNDATIONS

193
00:04:43,149 --> 00:04:45,418
FOR FUTURE HYDROGEL STUDIES.

194
00:04:45,418 --> 00:04:46,352
IT'S A GREAT EXAMPLE

195
00:04:46,352 --> 00:04:47,920
OF HOW MICROGRAVITY CAN OFFER

196
00:04:47,920 --> 00:04:49,489
NEW INSIGHTS INTO SYSTEMS

197
00:04:49,489 --> 00:04:52,191
WE'VE ALREADY EXPLORED ON EARTH.

198
00:04:52,191 --> 00:04:52,792
>> THE DATA THAT

199
00:04:52,792 --> 00:04:54,460
WE'RE COLLECTING IS SO,

200
00:04:54,460 --> 00:04:56,529
SO BASIC SCIENCE THAT IT'S--

201
00:04:56,529 --> 00:04:57,964
IT'S HARD TO FIND THOSE

202
00:04:57,964 --> 00:04:59,866
SORTS OF PROJECTS AT THIS STAGE

203
00:04:59,866 --> 00:05:00,833
AS A RESEARCHER THAT'S REALLY

204
00:05:00,833 --> 00:05:02,301
EXCITING FOR US AS WELL.

205
00:05:02,301 --> 00:05:03,069
AND IT'S IN SPACE.

206
00:05:03,069 --> 00:05:05,638
[ LAUGHING ]

207
00:05:05,638 --> 00:05:07,040
>> AND WHEN IT GETS TO SPACE,

208
00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:07,740
IT GOES INTO THE HANDS

209
00:05:07,740 --> 00:05:09,075
OF ASTRONAUTS WHO WILL

210
00:05:09,075 --> 00:05:11,511
RUN THE EXPERIMENT IN ORBIT.

211
00:05:11,511 --> 00:05:13,112
JUST LIKE TRAINING FOR LAUNCH,

212
00:05:13,112 --> 00:05:14,580
LANDING, AND SPACE WALKS,

213
00:05:14,580 --> 00:05:15,715
CREW MEMBERS PARTICIPATE

214
00:05:15,715 --> 00:05:17,183
IN HOURS OF SCIENTIFIC TRAINING

215
00:05:17,183 --> 00:05:18,451
TO PREPARE THEM FOR RUNNING

216
00:05:18,451 --> 00:05:19,452
MANY OF THE HUNDREDS

217
00:05:19,452 --> 00:05:20,820
OF EXPERIMENTS THAT ARE ONGOING

218
00:05:20,820 --> 00:05:22,889
ABOARD THE SPACE STATION.

219
00:05:22,889 --> 00:05:23,556
READY TO GO TO CLASS

220
00:05:23,556 --> 00:05:25,224
WITH AN ASTRONAUT?

221
00:05:25,224 --> 00:05:26,192
WE'LL TAKE YOU ALONG.

222
00:05:29,562 --> 00:05:30,329
>> WELL, A LOT HAD CHANGED

223
00:05:30,329 --> 00:05:31,831
IN 11 YEARS,

224
00:05:31,831 --> 00:05:33,299
SINCE HE WAS UP THERE.

225
00:05:33,299 --> 00:05:34,701
IT WAS A NEW EXPERIMENT,

226
00:05:34,701 --> 00:05:36,002
SO HE HADN'T SEEN THAT EITHER.

227
00:05:36,002 --> 00:05:38,471
THEY TELL US, YOU KNOW,

228
00:05:38,471 --> 00:05:39,439
"HEY, THIS IS A LOT EASIER

229
00:05:39,439 --> 00:05:40,039
IF YOU JUST GO UPSIDE DOWN."

230
00:05:40,039 --> 00:05:40,707
>> RIGHT.

231
00:05:40,707 --> 00:05:41,374
>> "YOU KNOW, YOU'RE GONNA BE

232
00:05:41,374 --> 00:05:41,874
IN MICRO GRAVITY,

233
00:05:41,874 --> 00:05:43,409
AND THIS WILL WORK DIFFERENTLY."