>> THERE ARE PROBABLY 2 MILLION
ASTEROIDS IN THE SOLAR
TESTIMONY.
THE REASON SEE YOUKY IS UNIQUE
IT IS METAL RICH.
IT IS BELIEVED IT IS REMNANT
CORE.
ONE OF THE INGREDIENTS THAT WENT
INTO MAKING THE EARTH AND ONE WE
CANNOT SEE ANY OTHER WAY.
IT WILL BE THE FIRST METAL
OBJECT THAT HUMAN KIND HAS EVER
HAD.
>> STUDYING THE EVOLUTION OF THE
PLANETARY BODY IS A TESTED
STORY.
>> I THINK THE ONLY THING WE
KNOW, IT IS NOT GOING TO LOOK
LIKE WHAT WE THINK IT IS GOING
TO LOOKS LIKE LIKE AND IT IS
GOING TO BE INTERESTING WHATEVER
WE FIND.
IT IS ALWAYS MORE AMAZING SO WE
CAN IMAGINE WITH OUR MINDS.
>> HELLO AND WELCOME TO NASA'S
KENNEDY SPACE
NOW WOULD LIKE TO KICK IT OFF.
>> THANKS SO MUCH, ALANA.
IT IS INCREDIBLY EXCITING TO BE
HERE WITH EVERYONE ON-LINE
GETTING READY FOR THE LAUNCH OF
THE MISSION.
FIRST I WANT TO PROVIDE A LITTLE
BIT OF CONTEXT FOR THES A VOID.
THERE ARE, OF COURSE, DIVERSE
POPULATIONS OF ASTEROIDS ACROSS
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM AND THESE
REMNANTS THAT ARE LEFT OVER FROM
THE EARLIEST TIMES IN THE
FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
EACH CAN TELL AN EXCITING
CHAPTER OF OUR ORIGIN STORY.
WITHIN PLANETARY SCIENCE
DIVISION AT NASA, WE HAVE ALMOST
440 MISSIONS, THAT ARE CURRENTLY
EITHER IN DEVELOPMENT OR IN
OPERATIONS AND OF THOSE 440
SEVEN OF THOSE MISSIONS ARE
ACTUALLY FOCUSED ON TRYING TO
UNDERSTAND WHAT ASTEROIDS CAN
TELL US ABOUT OUR EARLY
FORMATION AND EVOLUTION.
IN FACT, FOUR OF THOSE MISSIONS
ARE HAVING CELEBRATING SOME
IMPORTANT MILESTONES, THIS
AUTUMN, WE ARE CALLING ASTEROID
AT TUM.
IF I COULD HAVE THE FIRST
GRAPHIC, PLEASE.
IF WE KICKED OFF ASTEROID AUTUMN
A COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO IN THE
DESERT WHEN THE OSIRIS-REX
SAMPLES RETURNED TO EARTH.
THE SPACECRAFT HAS BEEN
REPURPOSED TO VISIT ANOTHER
ASTEROID.
WE ALSO CELEBRATED TWO DAYS
AFTER THAT RETURN, THE ONE-YEAR
ANNIVERSARY OF THE DOUBLE
ASTEROID REDIRECTION TEST.
WE, ON PURPOSE, IMPACTED
ASTEROID WITH THE SPACECRAFT,
THE DART SPACECRAFT AND FOR THE
FIRST TIME EVER HUE-TY WAS ABLE
TO CHANGE THE ORBITAL TRAJECTORY
OF THE BODY.
NOW, TOMORROW, THE FIRST
IMPRESSION WES BELIEVE WE
BROUGHT BACKING THE ASTEROID
BENNU, SO THAT IS EXCITING
MILESTONE TOMORROW.
WE BOTT THE LAUNCH COMING UP.
WILL LEAVE THAT TO THE TEAM TO
TALK ABOUT THEN COMING UP ON
NOVEMBER FIRST IS MILESTONE.
WE ZOOMED FOR A YEAR WHILE I
TOLD HIM THE SCIENTIFIC
HYPOTHESIS WE HAVE ABOUT THE
BODY AND MOTIVATED BY THEORY,
MODELS MOTIVATED BY OBSERVATIONS
THEN HE MADE THEM INTO ART AND
BUT LET ME SHOW YOU FOR A
MOMENT, WHAT WE CAN REALLY SEE
OF THIS ASTEROID, WHAT YOU ARE
GOING TO SEE NEXT IS WHAT WE
CALLED A SHAPE MODEL THIS IS A
MODEL THAT IS CREATED BY MIKE
SHEP EARED AND THE TEAM AND THIS
IS NOT A PHOTOGRAPH WHAT THIS IS
A COMPUTER OF RADIATION THAT HAS
BEEN BOUNCED OFF THE SURFACE OF
PSYCHE AS IT SPINS ON THE ACCESS
AND USED RADAR AND INFRARED FROM
MANY DIFFERENT TELESCOPES THEN
COMPILED TOGETHER ON A COMPUTER
TO MAKE A MODEL OF THE SHAPE WE
AN IDEA OF WHAT THE SHAPE IS AND
SHAPED LIKE POTATO PAUSE THEY
COME IN MANY SHAPES SO I AM NOT
WRONG.
WE ARE GOING TO FIND OUT WHEN WE
GET THIS WHAT IT IS SHAPE REALLY
IS.
IT IS HELPFUL FOR MANNING THE
MISSION.
SO FINALLY, THIS NEXT IMAGE IS
WHAT WE SEE WHEN WE LOOK AT FROM
THE EARTH.
WE ARE GOING TO FIND OUT THE
BASIC UNDERSTANDING IS UPDATED
THAT IS WHY WE NEED GO SO THAT
IS THE REAL EXCITEMENT FOR ME.
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS GOING
TO LOOK LIKE.
WE ARE GOING TO BE SURPRISED WE
ARE GOING TO LEARN SOMETHING NEW
ABOUT A FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING
BLOCK FOR ROCKY PLANETS THAT IS
THE METAL CORES AND IT IS AS IF
THE EARTH WAS A CAKE AND ALL
MIXED UP AND HEAT AND MADE TO
THE FINAL CAKE AND WE DON'T KNOW
WHAT THE NOW FROM FLOUR, THE
EGGS, THE BUT REMEMBER SO WE ARE
GOING TO MEET THE INGREDIENTS
WHEN WE SEE PSYCHE SO TODAY,
JUST TWO DAYS FROM THE FIRST
LAUNCH OPPORTUNITY, I HAVE BEEN
WORKING ON THIS PROJECT, BEN AND
I HAVE BEEN WORKING FOR 4473
DAYS, OR 12 YEARS.
AND SO, SO MANY EMOTIONS AND
THOUGHTS AT THIS MOP, BUT ONE
THING ABOUT THE MIRACLE THAT
HUMANS CAN DO THESE
MEGAPROJECTS, THAT TAKE
THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE, NO SINGLE
PERSON, ACTUALLY UNDERP STANDS
HOW THE WHOLE THING WORKS AND
LASTS FOR DECADES THAT EVERY
FINISH LINE LIKE A LAUNCH IS
ACTUALLY THE STARTING LINE OF
THE NEXT MARATHON AND SO, WE ARE
REALLY EXCITED TO SEE WHAT COMES
NEXT THEN EVENTUALLY TO BE AT
THE ASTROID TO SHARE IM MAN BRS
THE WHOLE WORLD SO WE CAN LOOK
AT THE SAME TIME.
THANKS FOR COMING TODAY AND FOR
SUPPORTING THIS MISSION AND I
WILL TURN IT OVER TO BEN WHO HE
IS THE DEPUTY PRINCIPLE
INVESTIGATOR.
>> HI.
SO I WILL TELL YOU HOW WE ARE
GOING TO USE OBSERVATIONS OF THE
ASTEROIDS TO UNDERSTANDS HOW
FORMED.
WE HAVE TWO LEADING IDEAS FOR
HOW IT FORMED.
NOW A CORE OF THE BODY TO LIKE
WHAT IS INSIDE OF THE EARTH AND
CENTER OF THE EARTH.
OTHER LARGE PLANETS BUT IN THE
CASE, PSYCHED THE OUTER LAYER
STRIPPED OFF SO WE CAN SEE IT
SUR FASHION TODAY.
THE OTHER AREA IS THE UNMELTED
BODY, BASICALLY FORMED OF THE
VERY MATERIALS IN THE SOLAR
SYSTEM THAT CAME TOGETHER UNDER
GRAVITY THEN PRESERVED AND
PRESERVED IN THIS STATE EVER
SINCE.
SO WE ARE GOING TO GO INTO ORBIT
AROUND AND MEASURE ITS, EGGS'
VARIOUS PROPERTIES AT LOWER AND
LOWER ALTITUDES THEN CARRYING
THREE DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS THEN
USING THE RADIO ANTENNA TO LOOK
AT THE DIFFERENT IDEAS THEN
REALLY THE KEY CHARACTER RACE
TECH OF A BODY THAT IS A CORE
THAT THERE IS LARGE REGIONS OF
ALMOST PURE METAL THEN MAYBE
OTHER REGIONS THAT ARE PURE ROCK
THAT IS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
LARGE-SCALE MELTING IN WHICH A
CORE WOULD SEPARATE OUT FROM A
BODY.
SO ANTICIPATE OF THE INSTRUMENTS
IS GOING TO MAKE OBSERVATION
THAT LOOKS AT THAT, THAT METAL
DISTRIBUTION OF ROCK
DISTRIBUTION BEFORE WE TALK
ABOUT DETAILS WE'LL SHOW YOU
WHAT THE SPACECRAFT LOOKS LIKE.
SO HERE IS THE SPACECRAFT.
FIRST, WE ARE POINTING OUT THE
EX BAND ANTENNA THEN WE'LL SHOW
YOU TWO OTHERS ON THE BOTTOM
THESE ARE USED FOR COME UNCATION
AND FOR TRACKING THE
SPACECRAFT'S POSITION.
THEN, WE HAVE GOT MULTI IMAGERS,
A PAIR OF THEM.
THEN WE GOT THE GAMMA RAY AND
NEUTRON SPECTROMETER FOR
MEASURING COMPOSITION THEN THE
OTHER END OF THE BOOM HERE WE
GOT TWO FOR MEASURING THE
MAGNETIC FIELD.
OK.
LET'S TALK ABOUT HO HOW WE CAN
USE THE DATA TO UNERSTAND THE
ORIGIN STARTING WITH THE
ANTENNA, SO WE USED THE ANTENNA
PRIMARILY FOR COMMUNICATION OF
THE SPACECRAFT BUT IT TURNS OUT
YOU CAN DETERMINE THE GRAVITY
FIELD, SO JUST LIKE A TRAIN WHEN
IT COMES TO TOWARD YOU.
IT HAS HIGHER PITCH WHEN IT
PASSES YOU THEN A LOWER PITCH.
WE CAN LOOK AT THE FREQUENCY OF
THE RADIO WAVES COMING FROM THE
ANTENNA THEN FIGURE HOW FAST THE
SPACECRAFT IS MOVING THEN IN
ORBIT WE CAN TRACK THE SPEED AS
A FUNCTION OF THE POSITION
AROUND THE ASTEROID THEN FROM
THAT WE CAN SEE HOW LUMPY THE
GRAVITY FIELD IS AND ABOVE A
DENSE REGION AND LESS DENSE
REGION AND MAY BE MOVING SLOWER
SO WE SEE LARGE REGIONS OF HIGH
GRAVITY AND LOW GRAVITY LIKE A
LUMPY FROM TY FIELD THAT WOULD
SUPPORT THE IDEA THAT IT FORMED
AS A CORE THEN A SMOOTH GRAVITY
FIELD TO SUGGEST THE METAL AND
THE ROCK, OK.
THE SECOND IS THE MULTI-SPECK
TRAL IMAGER LIKE THE NAME SAYS
WE CAN TAKE IMAMS SO BASICALLY
WE CAN TELL THE COLOR OF THE
ASTEROID AND IT TURNS OUT THE
METAL HAS A CHARACTERISTIC RED
COLOR WE CANDICE TIN GISH IT
FROM MINERALS, SO THIS IS THE,
THIS INSTRUMENT WILL TAKE THE
HIGHEST RESOLUTION DATA OF THE
SURFACE TO BE ABLE TO SEE AGAIN
WHETHER THERE ARE LARGE REGIONS
OF METAL SEPARATED FROM LARGE
REGIONS OF ROCK AND DYING TO SEE
WHAT A METAL WORLD LOOKS LIKE AS
YOU ARE HEARD.
WHAT DOESES A VOLCANO LOOK LIKE?
WHAT DOES A, WHAT DOES A CRACK
LOOK LIKE?
WHAT DOESES A CRATER LOOK STRIKE
IN WHAT DOES A LAVA FLOW LOOK
LIKE?
IT IS VAAS NATEING WINDOW TO THE
METAL WORLD.
OK.
THE NEXT INSTRUMENT IS, AGAIN, A
GAMMA RAY AND NEUTRON
SPECTROMETER.
THIS IS A FASCINATING
INSTRUMENT.
THE WAY IT WORKS IS THAT SEE
YOUKY IS PRODUCED BY THE SUN AND
OUTSIDE OF THIS SOLAR SYSTEM AND
THESE COSMIC RAYS INTERACT WITH
THE AT TOMS INSIDE.
THOSE AT TOMS WILL EMIT CRACT
REMEMBER RACE TICK ENERGILY ARE
LIGHT AND NEUTRONS AND WE CAN
IDENTIFY THE COMPOSITION
EVENTUALLY BY LOOKING AT THE GAM
MALL RAYS AND NEUTRONS SO IT
LOOKS LIKE THE GAMMA RAYS AND
NEUTRONS ARE SENSITIVE TO METAL
SOL WE ARE ABLE TO MAP THE IRON
COMPOSITION AND LOOK FOR LARGE
REGIONS OF METAL TO SEE IF IT IS
SEPARATED FROM ROCK.
THEN, OK.
THAT BRINGS US TO THE MAG TOM
TER.
SO THE MAGNETOMETER IS TRYING TO
MEASURE THE MAGNETIC FIELD.
ANOTHER CHARACTER RACE TICK OF
PLANETARY COARSE IS THEY OFTEN
GENERATE LARGE SCALE MAGNETIC
FIELD THE WAY THE EARTH CORE IS.
WHEN THEY ARE CHURNING THIS
CONDUCT LIQUID GENERATES
CURRENTS WHICH PRODUCE A
MAGNETIC FIELD SO TODAY IS LONG
FROZEN, BUT IF IT FORMED AS
METALLIC CORE IT WAS ONCE A BODY
AND COOLING REALLY QUICKLY AND
POTENTIALLY GENERATING MAGNETIC
FIELD NOW THAT MAGNETIC FIELD
COULD BE IMPRINTED IN THE OUTER
LAYER OF THE COLD EXTERIOR, AS
THE ECHO OR FOSSIL THAT WE COULD
THEN TEE TECT TODAY.
THE WAY THIS WORKS IS THAT THE
ANCIENT MAGNETIC FIELD ACTS ON
ELECTRON ELECTRONS OUTSIDE.
THEY ARE COME PUSS NEEDLES AND
SPITTING BALLS OF CHARGE AND
ALIGN IN THE DIRECTION OF THE
ANCIENT MAGNETIC FIELD WHEN IT
IS PRESENT.
BUT THE KEY THING HERE IS WHEN
THAT FIELD IS LONG GONE, THESE
ELECTRONS CAN STAY ALIGNED IN
THE DIRECTION OF THE ANCIENT
FIELD FOR BILLIONS OF YEARS WE
HAVE SEEN LOTS OF EVIDENCE OF
THIS IN MY LABORATORY AND OTHERS
MEASURING THE METEORITES SO WE
CAN SEE EARLY ASTEROIDS CONTINUE
TO GENERATE IN THIS WAY SO WHAT
WE WITH LOOKING FOR IS THIS KIND
OF REMNANT MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND
WHAT YOU WOULD SEE AROUND A BAR
MAGNET IF YOU SPRINKLED IRON ON
THE SURFACE OF IT.
OK.
SO THAT IS THE INSTRUMENT SWEEP.
NO SINGLE INSTRUMENT BY ITSELF
WILL TELL US WHETHER COMBINED
DATA FROM THE DIFFERENT
INSTRUMENTS THEN I WANT TO SAY
THAT, THAT THIS TWO FOR ME IS A
VERY PERSONAL MOMENT, YOU KNOW,
MY HAIR WAS BROWN, WHEN WE
STARTED WORKING ON THIS.
AND, YOU KNOW, THEN IT IS CRAZE
WHERE I TO THINK ABOUT WHERE WE
ARE HALFWAY THROUGH THIS JOURNEY
AND, WITH THAT, I WILL PASS IT
OVER TO DAVID, THE CHIEF
ENGINEER OF OPERATIONS.
THANK YOU, BEN.
I WANT TO TALK TO YOU A LITTLE
BIT ABOUT THE BISHOP BECAUSE
LAUNCH IS START OF THE LONG
EXCITING JOURNEY FOR THE
SPACECRAFT THE ASTEROID IS WHERE
WE NEED TO GO TO GET THE SCIENCE
IT IS LOCATED AT THE OUTER PART
BETWEEN THE OR BIRTHS OF MARS
AND JUPITER PRESIDENT IS THREE
TIMES FURTHER FROM THE SUNTAN
THE EARTH AND TWO TIMES FROM
MARS.
WE GOT A LONG WAY TO GO.
YOU CAN YOU PUT UP THE FIRST
GRAPHIC.
IN ORDER TO GET, THE SPACECRAFT
WILL TRAVEL 2.2 BILLION MILES
OVER THE COURSE OF THE NEXT 5.9
YEARS.
AND THE FALCON HEAVY ROCKET WHAT
IS WILL LIFT US OFF THE EARTH
AND GET US INTO SPACE AND MOVING
AWAY IN THE LIGHT DIRECTION.
IN ORDER TO ACOME, THE REST OF
THE MISSION, WE'LL USE THE
ONBOARD PROPULSION AND
ULTRAEFFICIENT PROPULSION SYSTEM
AND PUT UP THE NEXT CHART,
PLEASE.
WHAT YOU SEE HERE IN THIS CHART
IS THE HALL EFFECT THRUSTERS
THAT WILL PROPEL US THESE ARE
THRUSTERS USE ELECT TRES TY TO
IONIZE GAS AND ACCELERATE THE
CHARGED IONS TO VERY, VERY HIGH
SPEEDS THEN THEY COME OUT OF THE
THRUSTER GOING AT 15-KILO METS
PER SECOND OR 9 MILES PER SECOND
OR FIVE TIMES FASTER THAN THE
SPEED OF THE FUEL.
AND GOES OUT AND TO GET TO ORBIT
ASH IT.
ON THE LEFT WHAT YOU SEE IS A
PICTURE OF WHAT WHAT THE
THRUSTER LOOKS LIKE THEN A BLUE
GLOW THAT YOU SEE THERE IS THE
BLUE GLOW AND THE SAME GLOW THAT
YOU SEE IN HEADLIGHTS ON THE
EARTH PAUSE WE USE INSIDE OF
HEADLIGHTS ON THE CARS AND AM SO
APPLICATIONS THEN TAKE THAT AND
ACCELERATE THROUGHOUT THE
ELECTRIC FIELD TO GENERATE
THRUST.
THIS IS A SOLAR ELECTRIC
PROPULSION SYSTEM THAT TAKES
ELECT TRY TY TO THE SOLAR RAYS
THEN CONVERTS TO IT THE THUS AND
ROCKET SOUS CAN THINK OF THIS OF
GETTING THRUST FROM THE SUNLIGHT
FOR THE SPACECRAFT.
NOW THESE SPACECRAFTS OPERATE
SUPER EFFICIENTLY AND THE THRUST
LEVEL IS 250 WHICH IS EQIV LENT
TO THE WEIGHT OF THESE THREE
QUART ARES THAT IS NOT MUCH
THRUST AT ALL IS A LOT LESS BUT
THESE THRUSTERS CAN OPERATE OVER
LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
IT IS A SHALL WEEKS MONTHS THE
SMALL FORCE ON THE SPACECRAFT
ACCUMULATED OVER THAT TIME AND
ACCELERATES TO IT THE HIGH
SPEEDS WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO
NAVIGATE TO MARS THEN OUT TO
PSYCHE ON THE WAY TO PSYCHE WE
ARE GOING TO USE EVERY MEANS AND
A LITTLE BIT OF COSMIC TRICKERY
BECAUSE WE ARE GOING TO DO A
MARS GRAVITY ASSIST ON THE WAY
THERE AND LAUNCH AND SPEND THE
FIRST TWO OR THREE MONTHS
CHECKING OUT THE SPACECRAFT THEN
IGNITE THE ION PROPULSION SYSTEM
AND MAKE THE WAY TO MARS THEN
ARRIVE AT MARS IN MAY OF 2026
THEN TWO AND A HALF YEARS AFTER
LAUNCH THEN WE WON'T STOP THIS
AND INSTEAD WE USE THE GRAVITY
OF MARS TO DO A SLINGSHOT TO END
THE TRAJECTORY THEN RESTART THE
ION PROPULSION SYSTEM THEN USE
THIS TO TAKE THE REST OF THE
JOURNEY TO PSYCHE.
WE USES THAT TO NAVIGATE THE WAY
TO ORBIT AROUND THE ASTEROID.
THEN WE'LL ARRIVE AT THE IS A
ASTEROID IN AUGUST OF 2029 WHICH
MEANS IT WILL ENTER THE FIRST
SCIENCE ORBIT THERE THE HIGHEST
OF THE FOUR ORBITS WHERE WE DO
THE GRAVITY SCRINES THAT ALLOWS
US TO GET THE DATA WE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND THE COMPOSITION AND
ALLOWS US TO GET THE DATA WE
NEED TO NAVIGATE TO THE LOWER
EARTH ORBITS THAT WE GO TO THE
LOWEST ORBIT IS ONE THAT IS USED
BY GAMMA WHICH RY AND GET THE
HE'LL MENDTE DATA AND SANDWICHED
BETWEEN OTHER ORBITS THAT ALLOW
US TO GET THE IMAGERY AND DO THE
FULL SCIENCE MISSION.
SCIENCE MISSION WILL LAST ABOUT
26 MONTHS THEN ON COMPLETED IN
NOVEMBER OF 2031 ABOUT EIGHT
YEARS SOAR THE FIRST MISSION,
THAT IS GOING TO USE THRUSTERS
IN INTERPLANETARY SPACE AND THIS
IS THRILLING FOR ME BECAUSE 30
YEARS AGO, WHEN I WAS A GRADUATE
STUDENT, I AT THE TIME WAS CAN
BE ARE CONSIDERED EXPERIMENTAL
TECHNOLOGY.
AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE FUTURE.
THE KIND OF THING YOU HEARD
ABOUT IN STARS AND "STAR TREK"
BUT TODAY, WE ARE GOING TO MAKE
THE FUTURE REAL.
BECAUSE THIS WILL BE THE FIRST
MISSION TO USE THRUSTERS TO
TRAVEL BETWEEN THE PLANETS.
AND WITH THAT, WILL TURN IT OVER
TO PROJECT TECHNOLOGIST.
>> THANK YOU, DAVID.
DEEP SPACE OPTICAL
COMMUNICATIONS OR DSOT RIDING
ALONG WITH PSYCHE IS A GROUND
BREAKING EXPERIMENT TESTING
RETURNING TEN TIMES DATA ARE A
HE RATES FROM MARS.
THIS HE IS ACHIEVED BY USING
LASERS INSTEAD OF THE
TRADITIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY
TRANSMITTERS.
FUTURE NASA MISSIONS IN
PARTICULAR THOSE INVOLVING HUMAN
EXPLORATION OF MARS OR USING
MUCH HIGHER HE IS RESOLUTION
INSTRUMENTS DEMAND MUCH HIGHER
DATA RETURN RATES THEN THAT IS
THE MOTIVATION FOR THIS
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION.
SO WOULD START ABOUT A MONTH
AFTER LAUNCH.
OPERATING, OPERATING AT A WEEKLY
CADENCE FOR ABOUT TWO YEARS INTO
THE CREW.
WE COVER DISTANCES THAT
REPRESENT MARDIS STANCES SO JPL
THE SYSTEM WHICH IS COMPRISED OF
THE FLIGHT SIDE AND THE GROUND
SIDE IF YOU CAN SHOW THE FIRST
SHIED, PLEASE.
HERE YOU CAN SEE THE FLIGHT
TRANSCEIVER INTEGRATED TO THE
SPACECRAFT THE LASER BEAMS EXIT
AND ENTER THROUGH THE SHINY
CYLINDER WHICH YOU SEE THERE
WHICH IS A SUN SHADE BE A THE
PAYLOAD ITSELF IS SHOWN AS INSET
AND IT IS 22-CENTIMETER MIRROR,
AND MIRROR TELESCOPE THAT IS
ESPECIALLY DESIGNED TO RESELF
AND TRANSMIT.
AND ON THE GROUND SIDE, IF YOU
CAN SHOW THE NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
ON THE GROUND SIDE, WE HAVE TWO
EXISTING ASSETS THAT HAVE BEEN
INSTRUMENTS TO SPER ACT
COOPERATIVELY WITH THE SPACE
TERMINAL IN ORDER TO ALLOW
COMMUNICATIONS TO HAPPEN, SO
FACILITY WE HAVE ONE METER
TELESCOPE THAT TRAN TRANSMITS UP
TO THE SPACECRAFT THE SPACECRAFT
ASSISTS AND HAS AUTONOMY TO FIND
THAT LASER BEAM TEE TECTED THEN
TRACKED ONCE IT CAN START
TRACKING THE LASER BEAM IT KNOWS
WHERE TO POINT DOWN AND IT SENDS
A DOWN LINK BEM TOLL THE
200-INCH TELESCOPE AT THE
OBSERVATORY THEN THAT IS WHERE
THE DATA IS RECEIVED BOTH OF
THESE LASER BEA BEAMS ARE
MODULATED WHICH MEANS THEY ARE
FLASHING ON AND OFF.
THEN, THOSE FLASHES AND THE
TIMING OF THOSE FLASHES IS WHAT
IN CODES THE INFORMATION THAT IS
CARRIED OVER THE LASER BEAMS.
SO THE NASA FIRST BEYOND THE
MOON DEMONSTRATION IN FACT IT IS
1,000 TIMES BEYOND THE MOON
ALMOST 230 MILLION-MILES SO THIS
HUGE INCREASE DISTANCE BRINGS
NEW CHALLENGES, FOREMOST AMONG
THESE CHALLENGES IS POINTING THE
LASER BEAM BACK TO THE GROUND
RECEIVING STATION AND THIS CAN
BE
TRANSITION IN AND OUT OF CONDUCT
STATE AS THEY DO THAT EACH TIME
THEY MAKE A TRANSITION
ELECTRICAL PULSE COMES OUT THIS
ELECTRICAL PULSE THE TIME OF
ARRIVAL ANTETECTS THE FLOWTON
THEN HIGH SPEED ELECTRONICS THAT
POSSESS THIS AND THEN EXTRACT
THE INFORMATION THAT IS BEING
SENT OVER THE LASER BEAM.
SO, SO HERE WE ARE TWO DAYS FROM
LAUNCH AND I THINK, WE HAVE
SPENT AS MANY MILLIONS OF HOURS
AS THE DISTANCE THAT WE ARE
TRYING TO TRANSFER PROTONS OVER
THEN THERE HAS BEEN A LOT.
HE IS TIME FOR REFLECTION AND
RECOGNITION OF THE HARD
DEDICATION THAT IS FROM MULTIPLE
DISCIPLINES THEN WE ARE VERY
EXCITED THEN EAGERLY AWAITING
RAL DATING THIS TECHNOLOGY THAT
AUGMENT NASA'S FUTURE MISSIONS
THEN WITH THAT I LIKE TO HAND IT
OVER.
>> THANK YOU.
THANK YOU TO ALL THE EXPERTS THE
PHONE LINE IS NOW OPEN FOR THOSE
WHO ARE CALLING IN.
PLEASE IDENTIFY YOURSELF AND
YOUR OUTLET AND THE EXPERT TO
WHOM YOU WOULD LIKE TO ADDRESS
YOUR QUESTION.
WE ARE GOING START OUT, TODAY,
IN THE ROOM, WILL GO WITH
SOMEBODY OVER HERE ANY QUESTIONS
IN THE ROOM ON THE RIGHT SIDE.
LEFT SIDE.
RIGHT SIDE.
LET'S GO RIGHT SIDE.
>> HI, KEN KRAMER, SPACE
UPCLOSE.
CONGRATULATION.
FIRST, IT WAS WONDERFUL TO SEE
YOUR PROBE IN THE CLEAN ROOM A
FEW BEAKS AGO, SO WITH THE
SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS I WONDER IF
YOU COULD TELL US HOW QUICKLY
WILL YOU BE ABLE TO DETERMINE IF
IT IS REALLY METALLIC ASTEROID.
THANKS.
>> ALL RIGHT.
SO THAT IS, UM, THIS HAS BEEN
ONE OF THE REALLY FASCINATING
CHALLENGES OF THIS PROJECT FROM
A SCIENTIFIC POINT OF VIEW.
HOW DO YOU PLAN A SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION FOR OBJECT WHERE
YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT THAT OBJECT
IS?
IF YOU KNEW YOU WERE GOING TO
MARS YOU KNEW, YOU KNOW, YOU
KNOW YOU ARE ABLE TO SEE A ROCK.
THE PROBLEM WITH PROMISING TIME
THAT WE ARE FOG IDENTIFY SOME
ASPECT OF PSYCHE IT IS GOING TO
DEPENZE ON WHAT PSYCHE IS.
AND SO THERE IS NOT REALLY A
PRECISE ANSWER THAT I CAN JEFF
YOU, AND IT MIGHT TAKE AS YOU
LITTLE WHILE, AND ONE OF THE
WAYS WE ORGANIZED THIS
INVESTIGATION IS THAT ALL OF THE
BRD SCIENCE QUESTIONS REQUIRE
DATA IF ALL TO ANSWER AND SO FOR
ULTIMATE ANSWERS WE ARING IFING
TO HAVE TO WAIT TO IF HE FINAL
CLOSEST ORBIT WHEN WE GET THE
GAMMA RAISE NEUTRON SPECTROMETER
DATA THERE WOULD BE EARLIER
SURPRISES BUT IT IS A LITTLE BIT
OF A WAITING GAME.
>> I COULD ADD ONE THING TO
THAT.
SO AS AS PERFECT EXAMPLE OF WHAT
SHE JUST SAID.
IT MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE A
MAGNETIC PEALED.
IT COULD BE COMPLETELY
NONMAGNETIC OR ONE OF THE MOST
MAGNETIC THINGS THE SPACECRAFT
HAS ENCOUNTERED IF WE DO SEE IT
HAS STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD THAT
WOULD INDICATE IT FORMS A CORE
BUT WE MAY NOT KNOW THAT UNTIL
THE LOWER ORBITS.
BUT IF IT TURNS OUT IT IS NOT
MAGNETIC THEN THAT SELL IT
ALLOWS US IT TO BE A CORE BUT
MAYBE DEN RITE A MAG GETTIC
FIELD AND PERFECT EXAMPLE OF HOW
WE CANNOT FLAN.
>> WE ARE GOING TO GO TO THE
PHONE LINES NEXT.
BILL HARDWOOD FROM CBS IS THE
FIRST ON THE LINE.
YEAH.
THANKINGS VERY MUCH.
YEAH.
THANKS THIS IS FOR DAVID I I
COULD.
COULD YOU WALK US THROUGH THE
PLANNED ORBITS IN TOMORROWS OF
THENCALLY NATION.
I GOT CONFUSED BY THE SEQUENCE
AROUND WANTERRED TO KEEP THE
INCLINATION STRAIGHT A AS YOU
MOVE FROM THE ORBIT THEN
ULTIMATELY BACK OUT TO C.
>> THANKS.
>> I WILL TAKE THAT.
>> SO WE START IN THE HIGHEST
RIGHTING IF WE HAVE FOUR ORBITS
AND THEY ARE NAMED ORBIT A, B,
C, D.
RIGHT.
BUT WE ACTUALLY WE'LL GO FROM
ORBIT A DOWN THROUGH B, C, D.
THEN WE WILL COME BACK UP TO
ORBIT B AT THE END OF THE
MISSION.
SO, AS WE GO THROUGH THE ORBITS
WE ARE BASICALLY A IS THE
HIGHEST.
HIGHEST ALTITUDE.
D IS THE LOWEST ALTITUDE.
THEN, D ALSO I BELIEVE HAS
INCLINATION CHANGE ASSOCIATED
WITH IT.
AT THE LOW ALTITUDE TO BE ABLE
TO GET THE SCIENCE SO WE GO A.
I GUESS, I GUESS IT IS SIMPLE.
A, B, B1 IF YOU WANT TO CALL IT
THAT.
WE'LL SKIP C ON THE WAY DOWN.
OK.
THE ORDER IS WE DO ORBIT A AND
B1 THEN WE GO TO ORBIT D AND
ORBIT C AND ORBIT B SOS THAT HE
THE ORDER IN WHICH WE DO IT.
>> OK.
WE COME BACK TO THE ROOM.
HERE IN THE FRONT ROW, PLEASE.
>> SCOTT, YOU SAID WE ARE ALMOST
CERTAIN TO BE COME LOTLY WRONG.
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT WILL LOOK
LIKE.
IF IT ISN'T WHAT YOU EXPECT.
WHAT COULD IT BE?
YOU KNOW, SO, SO MUCH FUN TO BE
ASKING THIS QUESTION TO
SCIENTIST ALL OVER THE WORLD AS
I HAVE BEEN GIVING TAKE FOR THE
LAST TEN YEARS.
I ALWAYS ASK THEM WHAT DO YOU
THINK IT COULD BE?
DID THE SOUND GO OFF DO YOU THIS
I?
IS IT OK?
SO WE HAD ONE, WE HAD ONE VERY
SERIOUS PERSON STAND UP ONCE AND
SAY, IT IS NOT THE DEATH STAR
AIN'T IS NOT TOO SMALL AND ON A
SERIOUS NOTE, YOU KNOW, IT COULD
BE THE PART OF A METAL CORE
WHICH EGGS THE TOP HYPOTHESIS
THE SECOND IS IT IS MATERIAL
THAT FORMED HEAR TO THE SUN AND
WAS REDUCED.
THAT IS TO SAY, THE OXYGEN AT
TOMS WERE STREPPEDDED THE IRON
AT TOMS SO THE IRON AT TOMS
BECAME METAL.
SO WE HAVE NOT ACTUALLY FOUND
ANY BEFORE.
AND SO, THINK ABOUT WHAT THIS
MEANS WHEN THERE IS ONE OBJECT
LIKE THE WHOLE SOLAR SYSTEM NOT
TALKING ABOUT A NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION OF PROCESSES AND
CHOOSE THE MOST COMMON.
IT IS SOMETHING UNUSUAL AND
SOMETHING THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN
OFTEN SO THERE IS A FOOD CHANCE
IT IS OUTSIDE OF OUR IMAGINING
THEN THAT THAT IS THE FONDEST H.
>> OK.
WE ARE GOING TO HOP TO ANOTHER
PHONE LINE QUESTION.
FROM JIM SIEGEL, OF NASA TECH ON
THE LINE, GO AHEAD, JIM.
>> HI EVERYBODY.
THANK YOU FOR TAKING MY
QUESTION.
I WAS, I AM CURIOUS ABOUT HOW
MANY OTHER ASTEROIDS OF ALL OF
THOSE THAT YOU MENTIONED OUT
THERE, THERE IS TWO MILLION, I
GUESS.
HOW MANY OTHERS DO YOU SUSPECT
ARE MOSTLY METAL AND, UM, HOW,
HOW WAS THIS ASTEROID
PACIFICALLY CHOSEN FO THIS
MISSIONS?
THANK YOU.
>> YES.
SO, SO, DIFFERENT ASTEROIDS WE
KNOW DIFFERENT AMOUNTS ABOUT
THEIR MASS AND HOW BIG THEY ARE
SO SOME UNCERTAINTIES ON THE
EXACTLY HOW DENSE VARIOUS
ASTEROIDS ARE SO DEPEBBING IN
HOW YOU COUNT THAT, MAYBE THERE
IS A DOZEN OTHER ONES, THAT ARE
IN THE REIGNS WE THINK MAY BE
IRON RICH, AND, UM, AND, SOME OF
THEM ARE, YOU KNOW, VERY CLOSE
TO THE EARTH WHERE CAN LIKE IN
VERY SMALL, SAY LIKE, HALF MILE
WIDE.
SO OTHER ONES IN THE ASTEROID
PELT, WE ALSO HAVE, UM, YOU
KNOW, MERCURY, WHICH IS NOT
OBVIOUSLY ASTEROID, BUT IT IS,
WE THINK IT IS MOSTLY A CORE, IT
IS LIKE 82% OF THE RADIUS THAT
IS MADE OUT OF METAL THEN A
LITTLE BIT OF ROCK PASTED ON TOP
THEN WE EVEN HAVE, NOW, WE
DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THIS WHEN WE
STARTED THINKING ABOUT THIS
MISSION WAY BACK THEN 12 YEARS
AGO.
A POPULATION OF PLANETS RUT SIDE
OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM THAT LOOKED
LIKE THEY ARE MOSTLY MADE OUT OF
METAL EXOPLANETS WITHIZES UP TO
BIGGER THAN THE EARTH, SO, UM,
THERE IS A HUGE DIVERSITY IT
TURNS OUT DESPITE BEING AN AXE
EXAMPLE OF ONE, IT IS
REPRESENTATIVE OF A TY VERSE
RANGE OF BODIES THAT WE THINK
ARE METAL WORLDS.
AND WHAT WAS THE SECOND PART OF
THE QUESTION?
DID I GET YOUR QUESTION
CORRECTLY?
>> UM, ASTEROID TWO TO OF ALL OF
THEM?
>> RIGHT.
SO, UM, PSYCHE FOR AT LEAST A
FEW DECADES HAS BEEN SOMETHING
THAT PEOPLE WONDERED ABOUT THEY
KNEW ABOUT DENSITY AND IT HAS
BEEN KIND OF PLACE OF EXCITEMENT
WHERE EVERYONE COULD SPECULATE
ABOUT WHAT NEW BODY WOULD BE
LIKE THAT IS DO DENSE THEN WE
CAME TO THIS MISSION PLANNING
ABOUT YEARS AGO ONE OF THE
FIRSTED DYES WE STARTED THINKING
ABOUT HOW COOL IT WOULD BE TO GO
THERE BUT, BUT THE STORY BEHIND
ENDING UP CHOOSING PSYCHE, WE
HAD WHERE WHERE IT AND PAPER TAG
ABOUT HOW WE, WE COULD LEARN
ABOUT THE EARLY HISTORY OF
ASTEROID GEOLOGY AND FORMATION
BY LOOKING AT BODIES THAT WENT,
THAT UNDERWENT LARGE SCALE
MELTING THEN UNDERSTANDING HOW
IN A WAY HOW ASTEROIDS COULD BE
LIKE LITTLE PLANETS WITH CORES,
MAN TELL AND CRUSTS SO WE WROTE
THIS PAPER JPL, READ THE PAPER
AND INVITED US TO COME OUT TO
TALK ABOUT HOW WE MAY TEST THESE
IDEAS THEN, THEN, WE STARTED
WORKING WITH THE ENGINEERS AT
JPL TO LOOK AT WHAT ASTEROIDS WE
MIGHT BE ABLE TO VISIT, GIVEN
THE TRAJECTORY AND THEN, LIKE I
SAID.
PSYCHE WAS ONE OF THOSE THAT
RIGHT IN THE BEGINNING
ATTRACTEDS THEN WE REALIZED IT
WAS ACHIEVABLE MISSION.
>> OK.
EXCUSE ME.
WE ARE GOING TO GO TO THE PHONE
ALEXANDRA WITH MATURE.
>> YES.
HI.
I KNOW WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
SCIENCE TODAY BUT WITH THE FIRST
LAUNCH OPPORTUNITIES COMING UP
THEN 20% FAVORABLE WEATHER
FORECAST, FOR FRIDAY'S ATTEMPT.
FOR THOSE OF US FOR THE TIME TO
JUGGLE TRAVEL PLANS THEN WHAT DO
WE KNOW ABOUT LAUNCH
OPPORTUNITIES AFTER THURSDAY AND
HOW QUICKLY CAN YOU RECYCLE AND
WHAT DOES THE WEATHER LOOK LIKEN
THE DAYS?
>> SHOULD WE GIVE IT TO DAVID?
>> LET'S SEE.
I THINK I LOOKED AT THE WEATHER
FORECAST THIS MORNING.
IT DID LOOK LIKE CHALLENGES FOR
THURSDAY.
THINK WE WERE SHOWING MAYBE 80%
CHANCE OF RAIN, THEN
THUNDERSTORMS AND THINGS LIKE
THAT THAT WITH CONDITIONS DO
START LOOKING BETTER OVER THE
WEEKEND BUT I THINK WE ARE STILL
50-50 ACCORDING TO THE WEATHER
FORECAST GOING OUT.
WE ARE PLANETARY LAUNCH, THEN WE
ARE AIMING FOR PLAN KNELTARY
LAUNCH WINDOW.
WE HAVE A LEM MITTED NUMBER OF
OPPORTUNITIES TO GO, SO, SO I
THINK WE MAY BE PRETTY
AGGRESSIVE IN THE ATTEMPT TO GET
OFF THE GROUND HERE, BUT THE
WEATHER WILL NEED TO COOPERATE
FOR US TO DO IT.
>> JUST TO ADD WE HAVE THE
OPPORTUNITY EVERY SINGLE DAY AND
SO, SO, SO THERE IS ACTUALLY,
NOT A HUGE RISK HERE.
WE GOT ENOUGH DAYS AND WE VERY A
CHANCE EVERY SINGLE DAY, SO, SO
IT MAY NOT BE THURSDAY BUT IT IS
GOING TO BE REALLY SOON.
>> OK.
COME BACK TO THE ROOM.
RIGHT HERE.
>> STEVEN CLARK.
THIS IS PROBABLY FOR BEN.
BUT IS THERE ANY PLAN TO LOOK AT
PSYCHE WITH WEBB AND ANY WEBB
OBSERVATIONS GIVE YOU ANY HINTS
ABOUT WHAT IS TO COME?
YEAH.
ACTUALLY.
I AM A EXCITED TO TELL YOU THAT
WEBB LOOKED AT PSYCHE.
THIS IS A COMMUNICATION PROJECT
LEAD BY TALENTED YOUNG
ASTROPHYSICS STEPHANIE AND I AM
KIND OF A TAGGING ALONG ON THAT
TEAM.
THEN, THEN, DID NOT LOOK AT
PSYCHE CAMERAS THOUGH AND LOOKED
AT IT TO SEE IF WE COULD SEE ANY
SIGNS OF CERTAIN COMPOSITION ON
THE SURFACE AND THAT DATA IS IN
ANALYSIS AND NOTHING THAT COULD
BE, NOTHING THAT COULD BE
ANNOUNCED WITH ANY SURE TY RIGHT
NOW.
BUT THAT IS HOW HELPING US IN
OUR STORY.
>> OK.
LET'S STAY IN THE ROOM HERE.
QUESTIONS FROM THE BACK?
>> NO.
OK.
LET'S GO TO THE FON LINES.
NASA'S SPACEFLIGHT ON THE LINE.
>> IT IS VERY EXCITING.
MY QUESTION IS HOW SOON AFTER
LAUNCH BE TURNED ON DURING THE
PHASE WILL TEAMS USE THE
INSTRUMENTS DURING THE FROM TY
ASSISTANT MARS LIKE A DRESS
REHEARSAL TO ENSURE THEY ARE
WORKING PROPER RY AND READY.
THANK YOU.
>> DAVID.
>> I WILL START TALKING ABOUT
INSTRUMENTS BEING TURNED ON.
THE FIRST OF THE INSTRUMENTS THE
MAGNETOMETER GETS TURNED ON
AFTER WE LARCHED FYFFE DAYS
AFTER IS THE PLAN FOR EVERYTHING
THAT IS GOING IN AS WE SAY.
IT GETS TURNED ON A FEW WEEKS
AFTER THIS AND OPERATIONS AND
MAYBE I WILL THROW IT BACK TO
YOU AND TALK ABOUT WHAT WE DO
WHEN WE GO BY MARS.
YEAH.
GOING TO BE CALLVATION SO NO
SCIENCE BUT LOTS OF PRAC IT IS.
PRACTICE.
WHEN WE TURN THE MAG TOM TER ON
AFTER LAUNCH THE REASON WE ARE
GOING THAT IS THE MAG TOM TER IS
EX ROOMILY SENSITIVE THEN TURNS
OUT THE MAIN NOISE IS SO NOT ANY
INSIDE BUT THE MAGNETIC FIELD AM
COING THE SPACECRAFT ITSELF THEN
JPL DID A DEEP DIVE TO MAKE THE
SPACECRAFT AS NONMAGNETIC AS
POSSIBLE THE FIELD IS LESS FROM
THE SPACECRAFT IN MY THREE
LAYERS SHIELDED ROOM WHERE I
MAKE EXTREMELY HIGH SENSE TEF
AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND THEY
HAVE DONE A FANTASTIC JOB EVEN
SO THE FIELD IS NOT ZERO SO THE
THING WE ARE GOING TO BE DOING
IS WATCHING THE DIFFERENT PARTS
OF THE SPACECRAFT AS IT TURNS
AND AS THEY TURN ON AND
RECORDING THE SIGNALS SO WE CAN
REMOVE THAT WHEN WE GET THE
ASTEROID.
>> OK.
>> I WILL ASK.
THE RADIO SILENCE, OF COURSE,
THE RADIO SYSTEM AND WILL BE ON
FIVE MINUTES AFTER SEPARATION
BECAUSE THE SAME SAME RADIO
SYSTEM.
OK.
WHICH ARE GOING TO HEAD BACK TO
THE PHONES WITH BILL HARWOOD
AGAIN FROM CBS.
GO AHEAD, BILL.
>> HI, THANKS VERY MUCH.
I DIDN'T STATE MY FIRST QUESTION
VERY WELL.
LET ME TRY THAT AGAIN.
WHEN YOU GUYS GET DOWN TO ORBIT
D AND WHAT IS THE SCIENCE THAT
YOU ARE DOING THAT FOR
SPECIFICALLY I AM ASSUMING IT IS
GRAVITY SCIENCE AND STUFF LIKE
THAT AND CAN YOU TALK ABOUT, YOU
KNOW, WHY YOU CHANGED PLANS IN
THE MISSION FROM THE SCIENCE PER
PERSPECTIVE?
THANKS.
>> YEAH.
OK.
GREAT.
THE LOWEST ORBIT IS VERY
IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF THE NEEDS
OF THE GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETER.
ALL THE OTHER INSTRUMENTS THE
NEUTRON, THE IMAGERS, THE
MAGNETOMETERS ARE ON THE WAY ALL
THE TIME.
THE DM MA RAY NEEDS TO BE AS
CLOSE AS POSSIBLE SO THAT
SPECIAL ORBIT TO GET THE SURFACE
COMPOSITION FROM THAT
INSTRUMENT.
>> OK.
WE ARE GOING TO GO TO STEPHANIE
ON X.
WHAT CAMERAS ARE ABOARD?
WILL WE SEE ANY PICTURES ALONG
THE WAY DURING THE PARAGRAPH TY
ASSIST?
>> ANYONE WANT TO TAKE THAT ONE?
I CAN?
YEAH.
GO AHEAD.
WELL.
SO THESE ARE WHAT WE CALL
MULTISPECTRAL.
THEY TAKE IMAGES SO YOU DAN
BUILD UP A COLOR THAT PSEUDCOLOR
MAP OF THE ASTEROID AS THESE ARE
TAKEN THEY ARE GOING TO BE
POSTED ON-LINE AND EVENTUALLY
RIGHT AWAY, SO WE'LL BE
BASICALLY SEEING THESE IMAGES
TOGETHER FOR THE FIRST TIME.
>> OK.
WE'LL COME BACK TO STEVEN CLARK
HERE IN THE ROOM.
>> HI.
THANKS FOR TAKING ANOTHER
QUESTION I THIS THIS IS PROBABLY
FOR DAVID AND CAN YOU WALK
THROUGH WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE
SPACECRAFT DEPLOYS FROM FALCON
HEAVY IN TERMS OF DEPLOYMENTS OF
THE APPENDAGES AND FIRST
ACQUISITION SIGNAL ETH IF.
>> SURE I CAN WALK YOU THROUGH
THAT?
THE SPACECRAFT WILL COME OFF THE
FALCON HEAVY VEHICLE AND FIVE
MINUTES AFTER IT WILL TURN ON
THE RADIO THEN IT WILL STABILIZE
ITSELF FROM ANY SPIN OR CHANGE
IN ATTITUDE THAT IS LEFT FROM
THE LAUNCH VEHICLE THEN IT WILL
DEPLOY THE SOLAR ARRAYS THEN
THOSE TWO BIG FIVE PANEL RAYS
THAT COME OUT THE SIDE AND DOES
THAT AUTONOMOUSLY AND DOES THAT
UNDER THE OWN CONTROL AND ONCE
IT DEPLOYED THE SOLAR ARRAYS
WHICH H WILL FIND THE SUN THEN
TURN ITSELF TOWARD THE SUN TO
GET POWER THEN ORIENT TOWARD
EARTH SO WE CAN GET
COMMUNICATION ON THE GROUND AND
WE MAY HAVE COMENCATIONS DURING
PARTS OF THAT SEQUENCE AS THE
SPACECRAFT IS TURNING BUT ONLY
AT THE VERY END THAT WE HAVE
GUARANTEED COME-CRATION THE
SPACECRAFT, SO THE SPACECRAFT
LARGELY TAKES CARE OF ITSELF
UPON SEPARATION IF IN THES GO
WELL AND DEPLOY AND POWER
POSITIVE AND CHARGING THE
BATTERIES THEN GET SELF POINTED
AT THE EARTH SO WE CAN COME IN
KATE KATE WITH IT.
S THAT THE POINT OF WHICH WE
HAVE THE GROUND TEAM PICK IT UP.
>> AH, THE GUARANTEED TIME, THE
NOMINAL TIME IS PROBABLY TWO
HOURS THIS AFTER LAUNCH AND IT
COULD BE EARLIER BECAUSE WE ARE
VERY CLOSE TO EARTH AND OUR
ANTENNAS HAVE A WIDE COVERAGE
RAN SONG WE HAPPEN TO TURN THE
SPACECRAFT THROUGH THE EDGE AND
GET COVERAGE LATER ON AND COULD
TAKE LATER IN THE EVENT OF
CONTINGENCIES ONBOARD THE
SPACECRAFT BUT CALL IT NOMINALLY
THE TWO-HOUR TIMEFRAME.
>> OK.
WE ARE GOING TO GO TO YOUTUBE.
HE IS ASKING -- IS THERE A PLAN
TO BRING A SAMPLE?
ALSO CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHAT NEVER
BEFORE SEEN ASPECTS WE CAN GET
TO KNOW BY STUDYING THIS
ASTEROID.
>> YEAH I AM HAPPY TO TAKE THAT.
YEAH.
WE ARE NOT BRINGING BACK A
SAMPLE.
BENNU IS A VERY NEAR EARTH
ASTEROID AND VERY FAR AWAY AND
EVEN IN THE CLOSEST
250 MILLION-KILOMETERS AWAY ARE
THE EARTH WHICH IS THREE TIMES
FURTHER THAN MARS IS AT THE
CLOEST THEN IT IS FAR AWAY IT IS
650 MILLION AWAY SO GOING ALL
THE WAY THERE TAKING SOMETHING
TO BRING IT BACK ALSO BECAUSE WE
DON'T KNOW WHAT THE SURFACE
LOOKS LIKE WE ARE NOT READY TO
LAND AND NOT READY TO SAMPLE AND
SOME SENSE OF WHAT IT IS LIKE SO
SO THE REALLY HIGHEST LEVEL
NEVER BEFORE EXPLORED ANSWER IS
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT THE
METAL CORE OF THEATER AND ALSO
MERCURY AND VENUS AND MARS AND
THE MOON HASES A LITTLE METAL
CORE AND VERVE EVER GOING TO GO
TO THE COURSE WAY TOO HOT, WAY
TOO DEEP AND CENTRAL TO WHAT
MAKES A ROCKET PLANET HABITABLE
AND ONE WAY TO SEE A CORE AND SO
WE SAY, KNOW, TONGUE AND CHEEK,
WE ARE GOING TO OUTER SPACE TO
EXPLORE INNER SPACE.
>> OK.
WE'LL GO BACK TO THE PHONE LIENS
OF WILL ROBINSON SMITH FROM
SPACEFLIGHT NOW AND YOU ARE ARE
ON THE LINE.
GO AHEAD, WILL.
>> YEAH THANKS FOR TAKING MY
QUESTION AND ADVANCE WITH THE
BACK GROUND NOISE THEN MAKING
THE WAY THROUGH OH HARARE PORT.
QUESTION ABOUT THE LIFE OF
SPACECRAFT AFTER THE NOMINAL
MISSION IS TO MAN THE SPACECRAFT
IS STILL HEALTHY AND WHAT
ADDITIONAL SCIENCE COULD BE
ADDED OBSERVE TO WHAT IS THE
PLAN AFTER THE MISSION.
THANKS.
>> SO, I WILL TAKE A LITTLE BIT
OF THAT QUESTION THEN TOSS TO IT
LINDEY IF SHE WANTS TO ADD TO
IT.
NASA HAS PROCESS OF WHICH WE
ACCESS THE MISSIONS AFTER THEY
COMPLETED THEIR PRIMARY
OPERATIONS AND WE ACTUALLY
REQUIRE ALL THE MISSIONS TO GO
THROUGH WHAT WE CALL A SENIOR
REVIEW PROCESS AND SO, SO WHEN
EVER PSYCHE HAS GOTTEN
CLOSES TO COMPLETING THE MISSION
WE WILL INCLUDE PSYCHE AS PART
OF THE SENIOR REVIEW PROCESS TO
SUBMIT A PROPOSAL I PROSUM THAT
PROPOSAL WINE INCLUDE LOTS OF
GREAT NEW SCIENCE THAT COULD BE
DONE THROUGH EXTENDED MISSION
THEN BUILD ON WHAT IS LEARNED AS
PART OF THE PRIMARY MISSION THEN
YOU LEADER LISTEN DY AND THE
TEAM SAY, SEVERAL TIMES WE DON'T
KNOW WHAT WE ARE GOING TO FIND
BUT WE KNOW IT IS A SURPRISE AND
SO BASED ON THOSE SURPRISES I AM
SURE NEW HYPOTHESIS WILL COME
FORWARD AND SO THOSE, THOSE
IDEAS AND THAT NEW SCIENCE WOULD
BE EVALUATED AS PART OF THE
SENIOR REVIEW PROCESS.
THE OTHER PART OF SEN YEAR
REVIEW IS LOOKING AT THE
RESOURCES STILL AVAILABLE ON THE
SPACECRAFT, THE HEALTH OF THE
SPATES RAFT, HOW IS IT STILL
OPERATING THE INSTRUMENTS STILL
FUNCTIONING AS THEY WOULD NEED
TO DO TO THE SCIENCE AND ENOUGH
FUEL AND OTHER RESOURCES ONBOARD
SO WE DO HAVE THAT PROCESS IN
PLACE, SO YOU CAN, YOU CAN LOOK
FORWARD TO THAT SENIOR REVIEW.
SOMETIME, IN THE EARLY 2030'S.
>> NOTHING TO ADD.
THAT IS IT?
OK.
I WANT TO MAKE SURE WE ARE
COVERING THE ROOM HERE.
OK.
COME OVER HERE.
>> THANKS FOR ANOTHER YES.
LET ME ASK, DAVID, MAYBE.
ARE YOU GOING TO TAKE ANY
PICTURES ON THE WAY OUT?
>> WELL, I DON'T THINK WE
CURRENTLY HAVE THOSE IN OUR
PLAN.
SO I THINK THE SIMPLE ANSWER IS
NO NOT AT THIS TIME.
>> MAYBE I COULD ASK ONE OTHER
QUESTION.
>> OTHER METALLIC ASTEROIDS, IS
THE ONLY ONE YOU COULD HAVE
REACH OR WAS THERE ANOTHER ONE
OR TWO YOU MAY MAZE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO GET TO WITH THE FALCON
AND HOW YOU SELECTED BETWEEN
THEM.
YEAH THE ONE MOST LIKELY TO TELL
US THE MOST AND ANYTHING YOU
WANT TOED A AD TO THAT.
YEAH.
I WOULD SAY, ONE OF THE REASONS
SIZE MATTERS HERE IS THAT WHEN
YOU ARE BIG.
YOU ARE MORE, YOU ARE BASICALLY
LESS LIKELY TO BE BROKEN UP AND
MODIFIED BY IMPACTS THAT HIT THE
SR. FIES THE LARGEST THAT ARE
BIGGER THAN 100 IN RADIUS OR SO
SO THEY ON AVERAGE THEY ARE
LIFETIME OF BEING DESTROYED BY
BEING HIT BY OTHER ASTEROIDS IS
LONGER THAN THE AGE OF THE SOLAR
SYSTEM SO GOING TO A LARGE
ASTEROID IS REALLY IMPORTANT IF
YOU WANT TO LOOK AT SOMETHING
THAT THATS A GOOD CHANCE OF
HAVING THE ORIGINAL STRUCTURE
INTACT WHETHER THAN BEING IN A
PULVERIZED PILE OF RUBBLE FOR
REVIEW OR BENNU AND WHERE, THEY
ARE SMALL ASTEROIDS THEN WHY
THEY ARE GOOD TARGETS FOR
SAMPLES SO IN THE CASE WE HAVE A
BIG BODY THAT IS LIKELY TO BE
INTACT ARE THE EARLY SOLAR
SYSTEM OR HAVE A GOOD CHANCE OF
BEING SO.
>> OK.
I HAVE A FUN QUESTION HERE.
YOUTUBE SAYS, HELLO, I AM A
13-YEAR-OLD KID FROM GREECE AND
I HAVE A QUESTION.
HOW WILL YOU REACH 16 PSYCHE
WITH SO MUCH ACCURACY SY, HARD
WAISH WHERE ARE R WEAR, SOFT
WAR, TECHNOLOGY?
>> GO I A HEAD.
>> YEAH.
>> IT IS A CHALLENGE.
WE HAVE NAVIGATORS THIS AM WE
HAVE PEOPLE WHO NAVIGATE THE
SPACECRAFT LARGELY USING THE
RADIO SYSTEM THAT WE HAVE WE CAN
USE THIS COME PI NATION OF
DOPPLER AND WHAT WE CALL RANGING
TO GET ACCURATE READINGS OF
WHERE THE SPACECRAFT IS IN SPACE
WHEN WE COMMUNICATE WITH THAT
AND PUT THAT INTO MODELS THAT WE
HAVE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE
FROM TY OF THE DIFFERENT BODIES
IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND COMBINE
THAT WITH MODELS WE HAVE OF THE
THRUSTER THEN WE OPTIMIZE THAT
MATHEMATICALLY TO DEVELOP AN OBS
MALL TRA CROCKERY SO WE CAN FIRE
THE THRUSTER AND CONTINUALLY AS
WE GO AND REPLAN AS WE GO TO GET
US TO PSYCHE AND WE DO AND A
HALF IS GOING AT THE END AS I
SAID EARLIER WITH THE CAMERAS
LOOKING AT THE ASTEROID TO
LOCALIZE AND IT IS VERY, VERY
PRECISE AND EXERCISE AND AND IT
IS QUITE A BIT OF MATHEMATICAL
EFFORT WHICH GOES INTO PULLING
THE NUMBERS TOGETHER TO MAKE IT
WORK BUT THE NAVIGATORS ARE
EXTRAORDINARILY GOOD AT ITS AS
THEY DEMONSTRATED TO US MULTIPLE
TIMES THEN I AM CERTAINLY
LOOKING FORWARD TO WORKING WITH
THEM AND EXTRAORDINARY SET OF
TOOLS THEY HAVE TO PULL IT
TOGETHER TO GET US THERE.
>> OK.
LET'S COME BACK TO THE ROOM.
>> HOW DO YOU APPROXIMATE
CONDITIONS IN SPACE ANOTHIS NEW
TECHNOLOGY WILL WORK IN SPACE?
>> OK.
>> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION,
RIGHT INTHE MANTRA THAT WE USE
AT JPL THROUGHOUT THE INDUSTRY
AS WE TEST AND FLY LIKE YOU
TEST.
SO, SO THESE THRUSTERS THAT WE
HAVE, FIRST OF ALL, HAVE BEEN
OPERATED IN EARTH ORBIT BEFORE
SO WE HAVE SOME EVIDENCE FROM
SPACE THAT THEY WORK.
BEFORE WE PUT THEM INTO SPACE,
WE OPERATE THEM IN VACUUM
CHAMBERS HEAR ON THE EARTH AND
PUT THEM THROUGH THERMAL VACUUM
TESTING WHERE WE HEAT THEM UP,
COOL THEM DOWN AND PUT THROUGH
SHOT TESTING TO SEM LATE THE
CHALLENGES OF BEING ON THE
LAUNCH VEHICLE THROUGH LAUNCH
AND WE DO ALL OF THAT WORK AND
THEN, WE THEN WE USE THE DATA
THAT WE GET FROM THE TESTS TO
ESTIMATE HOW WE'LL OPERATE IN
SPACE AND OUR VACUUM CHAMBERS ON
EARTH ARE GOOD BUT FOR THRUSTERS
LIKE THEY ARE NOT PERFECT SO WE
HAVE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF SCALING
AND HAYNAL SIS TO VERIFY THE
RESULTS WITH VERY ON EARTH ARE
GOING TO APPLY IN SPACE, SO THIS
IS THE FIRST TIME WE ARE FLYING
INTERPLANETARY SPACE AND NEW
THINGS WE CAN LEARN AND WE HAVE
NOT BEEN ABLE TO LEARN
AND THE SPEED CONTINUOUSLY AS IT
FLIES.
THE THRUSTERS THAT WE HAVE
ONBOARD CAN BE BOTH TURNED IN
SPACE TO DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS
THEN HAVE ONBOARD WHICH ALLOW US
TO STEER THEM BY TAKING A LOOK
AT THE DATA WE HAVE FROM THE
TRAING WHY RY AND REPLANNING THE
PATH AS WE GO WE CAN TIER THE
THRUSTERS TO IF KEEP US ON
COURSE AS WE GO PAST MARS AND
GET TO PSYCHE AND CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENT PROCESS AND
CONTINUOUS MONITORING PROCESS AS
WE FLY.
>> OK.
THAT IS ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR
TODAY.
THANK YOU TO THE MEDIA FOR ALL
OF THE QUESTIONS.
THANK YOU TO OUR PANEL OF PEG,S.
PLEASE JOIN US TOMORROW AT 1:00
P.M. EASTERN FOR THE PRELAUNCH
BRIEFING YOU CAN FIND THE FULL
PSYCHE PROGRAMMING LINE-UP AND
MISSION UPDATES AT NASA.
GOV/PSYCHE KEEP THE CONVERSATION
GOING ON SOCIAL MEDIA USING THE
HASHTAG MISSION TO SY KIANNE BE
SURE TO SET YOUR ALARMS FOR
THURSDAY MORNING TO WATCH OUR
LIVE COVERAGE OF THE PSYCHE
LAUNCH OCTOBER 12th AT
10:30 A.M. AND WE JUST THANK YOU
AND GOOD-BYE FROM NASA'S KENNEDY
SPACE CENTER.
GO NASA.
GO FALCON.
GO PSYCHE.