1 00:00:34,834 --> 00:01:18,078 ♪ 2 00:01:18,078 --> 00:01:20,447 >> HELLO, AND WELCOME TO 3 00:01:20,447 --> 00:01:21,281 NASA'S KENNEDY SPACE CENTER. 4 00:01:21,281 --> 00:01:24,117 YOU'RE LOOKING AT A LIVE VIEW 5 00:01:24,117 --> 00:01:27,620 OF UNITED LAUNCH ALLIANCE 6 00:01:27,620 --> 00:01:29,789 ATLAS V ROCKET CARRYING LUCY. 7 00:01:29,789 --> 00:01:31,524 THANK YOU FOR TUNING IN TODAY 8 00:01:31,524 --> 00:01:32,959 FOR TODAY'S SCIENCE BRIEFING 9 00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:35,128 TO DISCUSS NASA'S LUCY 10 00:01:35,128 --> 00:01:36,863 MISSION, THE AGENCY'S FIRST TO 11 00:01:36,863 --> 00:01:38,231 THE TROJAN ASTEROIDS. 12 00:01:38,231 --> 00:01:41,134 I'M ALANA JOHNSON WITH NASA 13 00:01:41,134 --> 00:01:41,634 COMMUNICATIONS. 14 00:01:41,634 --> 00:01:44,737 WE ARE JUST TWO DAYS AWAY FROM 15 00:01:44,737 --> 00:01:46,573 SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN MANY 16 00:01:46,573 --> 00:01:48,174 YEARS IN THE MAKING. 17 00:01:48,174 --> 00:01:51,644 NASA IS SENDING ITS LUCY 18 00:01:51,644 --> 00:01:53,580 SPACECRAFT INTO THE SKY WITH 19 00:01:53,580 --> 00:01:54,447 DIAMONDS, LITERALLY. 20 00:01:54,447 --> 00:01:56,783 TODAY I'M JOINED BY A PANEL OF 21 00:01:56,783 --> 00:01:58,585 EXPERTS TO GIVE YOU A BROAD 22 00:01:58,585 --> 00:02:00,420 OVERVIEW OF LUCY'S SCIENCE. 23 00:02:00,420 --> 00:02:04,424 FIRST WE HAVE ADRIANNA OCAMPO. 24 00:02:04,424 --> 00:02:06,893 LUCY PROGRAM EXECUTIVE FROM 25 00:02:06,893 --> 00:02:08,795 NASA HEADQUARTERS. 26 00:02:08,795 --> 00:02:11,397 CATHY ULKIN, LUCY DEPUTY 27 00:02:11,397 --> 00:02:14,167 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR, 28 00:02:14,167 --> 00:02:15,969 SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 29 00:02:15,969 --> 00:02:18,571 KEITH KNOLL, LUCY PROJECT 30 00:02:18,571 --> 00:02:22,609 SCIENTIST, NASA'S GODDARD 31 00:02:22,609 --> 00:02:23,243 SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. 32 00:02:23,243 --> 00:02:25,678 HAL WEAVER, PRINCIPAL 33 00:02:25,678 --> 00:02:28,481 INVESTIGATOR FOR LORI, JOHNS 34 00:02:28,481 --> 00:02:31,284 HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED 35 00:02:31,284 --> 00:02:33,419 PHYSICS LAB. 36 00:02:33,419 --> 00:02:34,988 PHIL CHRISTIANSON, ARIZONA 37 00:02:34,988 --> 00:02:39,359 STATE UNIVERSITY, AND DENNIS 38 00:02:39,359 --> 00:02:40,760 REUTER, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 39 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:45,999 FOR L-RALPH. 40 00:02:45,999 --> 00:02:47,767 THANK YOU FOR THE MEDIA FOR 41 00:02:47,767 --> 00:02:50,270 JOINING US TODAY, WE'LL BE 42 00:02:50,270 --> 00:02:51,871 TAKING YOUR QUESTIONS AFTER 43 00:02:51,871 --> 00:02:54,107 COMMENTS FROM THE PANELISTS. 44 00:02:54,107 --> 00:02:56,442 THOSE OF YOU JOINING ONLINE 45 00:02:56,442 --> 00:02:58,011 CAN ASK A QUESTION ANY TIME 46 00:02:58,011 --> 00:02:59,946 USING THE #ASKNASA. 47 00:02:59,946 --> 00:03:01,047 TO KICK OFF TODAY'S 48 00:03:01,047 --> 00:03:03,183 DISCUSSION, I TURN IT OVER TO 49 00:03:03,183 --> 00:03:03,550 ADRIANNA. 50 00:03:03,550 --> 00:03:05,351 >> THANK YOU, ALANA. 51 00:03:05,351 --> 00:03:06,553 IT IS WITH GREAT PLEASURE THAT 52 00:03:06,553 --> 00:03:09,222 WE ARE HERE TODAY TO SPEAK TO 53 00:03:09,222 --> 00:03:14,394 YOU ABOUT THE LUCY MISSION. 54 00:03:14,394 --> 00:03:17,797 NASA'S VISION IS TO EXPLORE, 55 00:03:17,797 --> 00:03:22,602 TO DISCOVER, TO INSPIRE AND TO 56 00:03:22,602 --> 00:03:24,537 FURTHER HUMAN KNOWLEDGE. 57 00:03:24,537 --> 00:03:31,177 LUCY IS A KEY PIECE OF THAT 58 00:03:31,177 --> 00:03:32,011 VISION. 59 00:03:32,011 --> 00:03:34,581 SELECTED IN LATE 2016 THROUGH 60 00:03:34,581 --> 00:03:38,318 THE NASA DISCOVERY PROGRAM, 61 00:03:38,318 --> 00:03:41,521 LUCY WILL EXPLORE A REGION IN 62 00:03:41,521 --> 00:03:43,590 OUR SOLAR SYSTEM NEVER 63 00:03:43,590 --> 00:03:47,794 EXPLORED BEFORE, THE TROJAN 64 00:03:47,794 --> 00:03:48,661 ASTEROIDS. 65 00:03:48,661 --> 00:03:53,132 THE TROJAN ASTEROIDS RESIDE IN 66 00:03:53,132 --> 00:03:55,401 A STABLE POINT AHEAD AND 67 00:03:55,401 --> 00:04:02,342 BEHIND NEAR THE ORBIT OF 68 00:04:02,342 --> 00:04:03,876 JUPITER. 69 00:04:03,876 --> 00:04:06,479 LUCY WILL PROFOUNDLY CHANGE 70 00:04:06,479 --> 00:04:08,481 OUR UNDERSTANDING OF PLANETARY 71 00:04:08,481 --> 00:04:12,151 EVOLUTION IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. 72 00:04:12,151 --> 00:04:16,089 ONE SPACECRAFT, SEVEN TROJAN 73 00:04:16,089 --> 00:04:17,690 ASTEROIDS, ONE MAIN BELT 74 00:04:17,690 --> 00:04:19,692 ASTEROID IN 12 YEARS. 75 00:04:19,692 --> 00:04:22,061 AND NOW TO SPEAK ABOUT THE 76 00:04:22,061 --> 00:04:24,530 MISSION SCIENCE OBJECTIVE ON 77 00:04:24,530 --> 00:04:26,032 INSTRUMENTATION, I LEAVE YOU 78 00:04:26,032 --> 00:04:27,533 WITH A SCIENTIST OF THE 79 00:04:27,533 --> 00:04:30,270 MISSION, STARTING WITH CATHY 80 00:04:30,270 --> 00:04:30,603 ULKIN. 81 00:04:30,603 --> 00:04:32,372 >> THANK YOU, ADRIANA. 82 00:04:32,372 --> 00:04:34,107 SO PROBABLY WHEN YOU WERE IN 83 00:04:34,107 --> 00:04:36,909 SCHOOL AND LEARNED ABOUT 84 00:04:36,909 --> 00:04:38,778 ASTEROIDS, YOU LEARNED ABOUT 85 00:04:38,778 --> 00:04:40,613 THE MAIN BELT ASTEROIDS 86 00:04:40,613 --> 00:04:41,848 BETWEEN MARS AND JUPITER. 87 00:04:41,848 --> 00:04:43,650 WE'RE GOING TO A DIFFERENT 88 00:04:43,650 --> 00:04:44,851 POPULATION OF SMALL BODIES IN 89 00:04:44,851 --> 00:04:48,021 OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, THE TROJAN 90 00:04:48,021 --> 00:04:48,421 ASTEROIDS. 91 00:04:48,421 --> 00:04:50,390 AND IF I CAN HAVE MY FIRST 92 00:04:50,390 --> 00:04:51,958 GRAPHIC, IT WILL SHOW YOU 93 00:04:51,958 --> 00:04:53,559 WHERE THEY ARE. 94 00:04:53,559 --> 00:04:55,561 SO THE TROJAN ASTEROIDS SHARE 95 00:04:55,561 --> 00:04:57,497 AN ORBIT WITH JUPITER, BUT 96 00:04:57,497 --> 00:05:00,233 THEY'RE ACTUALLY QUITE FAR 97 00:05:00,233 --> 00:05:02,635 AWAY FROM JUPITER. 98 00:05:02,635 --> 00:05:06,272 THEY ARE 60 AREAS AHEAD OF 99 00:05:06,272 --> 00:05:07,540 JUPITER AND BEHIND JUPITER IN 100 00:05:07,540 --> 00:05:09,676 TWO SWARMS AND THE OBJECTS ARE 101 00:05:09,676 --> 00:05:11,110 INTERESTING BECAUSE THEY ARE 102 00:05:11,110 --> 00:05:16,115 THE REMNANTS FROM SOLAR SYSTEM 103 00:05:16,115 --> 00:05:16,582 FORMATION. 104 00:05:16,582 --> 00:05:18,718 WE'VE DESIGNED OUR MISSION TO 105 00:05:18,718 --> 00:05:19,886 INVESTIGATE THE DIVERSITY OF 106 00:05:19,886 --> 00:05:22,922 THESE OBJECTS IN THIS 107 00:05:22,922 --> 00:05:23,323 POPULATION. 108 00:05:23,323 --> 00:05:25,224 WE'RE GOING TO BE VISITING THE 109 00:05:25,224 --> 00:05:29,429 MOST ASTEROIDS EVER WITH ONE 110 00:05:29,429 --> 00:05:29,762 MISSION. 111 00:05:29,762 --> 00:05:32,398 AS ADRIANA SAID, WE'RE FLYING 112 00:05:32,398 --> 00:05:34,067 PAST SEVEN TROJAN ASTEROIDS IN 113 00:05:34,067 --> 00:05:37,203 THIS EPIC JOURNEY OF NEARLY 4 114 00:05:37,203 --> 00:05:39,238 BILLION MILES. 115 00:05:39,238 --> 00:05:43,209 WE'RE GOING TO STUDY THE 116 00:05:43,209 --> 00:05:44,577 GEOLOGY, SURFACE COMPOSITION, 117 00:05:44,577 --> 00:05:46,446 BOTH PROPERTIES AND SEARCH FOR 118 00:05:46,446 --> 00:05:47,647 SATELLITES AROUND THESE 119 00:05:47,647 --> 00:05:48,014 OBJECTS. 120 00:05:48,014 --> 00:05:49,482 I'LL GIVE YOU A FLAVOR FOR 121 00:05:49,482 --> 00:05:51,818 SOME OF OUR SCIENCE 122 00:05:51,818 --> 00:05:52,285 INVESTIGATIONS. 123 00:05:52,285 --> 00:05:54,487 ONE OF THEM IS TO MAP THE 124 00:05:54,487 --> 00:05:56,289 CRATERS ACROSS OUR SURFACES, 125 00:05:56,289 --> 00:05:57,924 THE SURFACE OF THE TROJAN 126 00:05:57,924 --> 00:05:58,758 ASTEROIDS. 127 00:05:58,758 --> 00:06:00,626 WE'RE GOING TO LOOK FOR 128 00:06:00,626 --> 00:06:02,195 CRATERS, SMALLER THAN A 129 00:06:02,195 --> 00:06:04,897 FOOTBALL FIELD, ABOUT 70 YARDS 130 00:06:04,897 --> 00:06:06,766 ACROSS, AND FOR CRATERS AS 131 00:06:06,766 --> 00:06:09,369 LARGE AS FOUR MILES AND 132 00:06:09,369 --> 00:06:12,205 EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN, AND BY 133 00:06:12,205 --> 00:06:14,307 LOOKING AT THE SIZE OF THE 134 00:06:14,307 --> 00:06:17,009 CRATERS ON THE SURFACE, WE CAN 135 00:06:17,009 --> 00:06:18,444 LEARN ABOUT THE AGE OF THE 136 00:06:18,444 --> 00:06:19,679 SURFACE, AND THIS HELPS GIVE 137 00:06:19,679 --> 00:06:22,582 US SOME CLUES AS TO THEIR 138 00:06:22,582 --> 00:06:24,484 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION. 139 00:06:24,484 --> 00:06:27,553 ADDITIONALLY, WE'VE DESIGNED A 140 00:06:27,553 --> 00:06:30,056 SCIENCE INVESTIGATION TO LOOK 141 00:06:30,056 --> 00:06:32,759 AND SEE THE COMPOSITION INSIDE 142 00:06:32,759 --> 00:06:34,026 FRESH CRATERS. 143 00:06:34,026 --> 00:06:37,697 NOW FOR ASTRONOMERS AND 144 00:06:37,697 --> 00:06:38,965 SCIENTISTS, FRESH DOESN'T MEAN 145 00:06:38,965 --> 00:06:41,601 RECENTLY REALLY IN HUMAN TIME 146 00:06:41,601 --> 00:06:41,968 SCALES. 147 00:06:41,968 --> 00:06:43,903 IT'S CRATERS THAT ARE LESS 148 00:06:43,903 --> 00:06:45,171 THAN 100 MILLION YEARS OLD. 149 00:06:45,171 --> 00:06:46,406 SO THAT'S ONE OF OUR 150 00:06:46,406 --> 00:06:48,241 INVESTIGATIONS THAT WE'LL BE 151 00:06:48,241 --> 00:06:49,041 ABLE TO DO. 152 00:06:49,041 --> 00:06:51,244 BECAUSE WHEN WE LOOK AT THESE 153 00:06:51,244 --> 00:06:54,013 TROJAN ASTEROIDS FROM THE 154 00:06:54,013 --> 00:06:56,783 EARTH OR FROM EARTH ORBITING 155 00:06:56,783 --> 00:06:58,651 TELESCOPES, WE CAN'T RESOLVE 156 00:06:58,651 --> 00:07:02,121 THE SURFACES SO WE NEED TO 157 00:07:02,121 --> 00:07:04,090 TAKE THE SPACECRAFT AND THIS 158 00:07:04,090 --> 00:07:05,725 PAYLOAD TO THE TROJAN 159 00:07:05,725 --> 00:07:07,160 ASTEROIDS TO BE ABLE TO ANSWER 160 00:07:07,160 --> 00:07:08,795 THESE QUESTIONS. 161 00:07:08,795 --> 00:07:09,862 AND THERE'S ONE OTHER SCIENCE 162 00:07:09,862 --> 00:07:11,364 INVESTIGATION I'D LIKE TO TELL 163 00:07:11,364 --> 00:07:13,599 YOU ABOUT, AND THAT IS OUR 164 00:07:13,599 --> 00:07:14,467 MASS DETERMINATION. 165 00:07:14,467 --> 00:07:15,968 WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND THE 166 00:07:15,968 --> 00:07:18,271 DENSITY OF THE TROJAN 167 00:07:18,271 --> 00:07:19,705 ASTEROIDS, THAT'S A KEY 168 00:07:19,705 --> 00:07:21,207 CHARACTERISTIC, AND TO DO 169 00:07:21,207 --> 00:07:23,276 THAT, WE NEED THE MASS, AND AS 170 00:07:23,276 --> 00:07:26,579 WE FLY PAST THE TROJAN 171 00:07:26,579 --> 00:07:27,814 ASTEROIDS, THE GRAVITATIONAL 172 00:07:27,814 --> 00:07:30,750 PULL OF THE TROJAN ASTEROIDS 173 00:07:30,750 --> 00:07:32,785 WILL CHANGE THE VELOCITY OF 174 00:07:32,785 --> 00:07:34,720 THE SPACECRAFT JUST A LITTLE 175 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:35,521 BIT. 176 00:07:35,521 --> 00:07:38,991 WE'RE FLYING BY IT NEARLY 177 00:07:38,991 --> 00:07:42,094 15,000 MILES PER HOUR PAST OUR 178 00:07:42,094 --> 00:07:42,662 OBJECTS. 179 00:07:42,662 --> 00:07:44,130 AND THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL 180 00:07:44,130 --> 00:07:47,467 FROM THE TROJAN ASTEROIDS WILL 181 00:07:47,467 --> 00:07:48,968 CHANGE THAT VELOCITY BY ABOUT 182 00:07:48,968 --> 00:07:50,703 A HUNDREDTHS MILE-PER-HOUR, 183 00:07:50,703 --> 00:07:52,939 BUT WE'LL BE ABLE TO DETECT 184 00:07:52,939 --> 00:07:55,942 THAT WITH OUR 185 00:07:55,942 --> 00:07:56,909 TELECOMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM 186 00:07:56,909 --> 00:07:59,245 AND THE CHANGE IN THE DOPPLER 187 00:07:59,245 --> 00:08:01,614 FREQUENCY AS WE FLY BY. 188 00:08:01,614 --> 00:08:02,815 THAT'S HOW WE'RE GOING TO 189 00:08:02,815 --> 00:08:04,016 LEARN ABOUT THE MASS OF THE 190 00:08:04,016 --> 00:08:05,751 TROJAN ASTEROIDS, AND FROM 191 00:08:05,751 --> 00:08:08,354 HERE, I'M GOING TO HAND IT OFF 192 00:08:08,354 --> 00:08:09,288 TO KEITH KNOLL. 193 00:08:09,288 --> 00:08:13,392 >> THANKS A LOT, CATHY. 194 00:08:13,392 --> 00:08:14,961 SO WHEN YOU PLAN A MISSION, 195 00:08:14,961 --> 00:08:16,863 THE VERY FIRST THING YOU HAVE 196 00:08:16,863 --> 00:08:18,130 TO FIGURE OUT IS HOW YOU'RE 197 00:08:18,130 --> 00:08:20,066 GOING TO GET TO WHERE YOU WANT 198 00:08:20,066 --> 00:08:21,300 TO GO. 199 00:08:21,300 --> 00:08:24,937 SO IF WE COULD RUN THE FIRST 200 00:08:24,937 --> 00:08:25,304 GRAPHIC. 201 00:08:25,304 --> 00:08:27,139 IT SHOWS AN ANIMATION OF THE 202 00:08:27,139 --> 00:08:29,041 LUCY TRAJECTORY, AND I WANT TO 203 00:08:29,041 --> 00:08:30,843 USE THAT TO MAKE JUST A COUPLE 204 00:08:30,843 --> 00:08:32,345 OF POINTS. 205 00:08:32,345 --> 00:08:35,114 LUCY IS A FLY-BY MISSION. 206 00:08:35,114 --> 00:08:36,983 THAT MEANS WE FLY BY OUR 207 00:08:36,983 --> 00:08:39,952 TARGETS AS CATHY SAID AT 208 00:08:39,952 --> 00:08:42,088 15,000 MILES PER HOUR, THAT'S 209 00:08:42,088 --> 00:08:43,623 PRETTY FAST, AND SO THAT 210 00:08:43,623 --> 00:08:45,758 REALLY DICTATES A LOT OF THE 211 00:08:45,758 --> 00:08:49,061 DESIGN OF THE OPERATIONS AND 212 00:08:49,061 --> 00:08:51,564 EVERYTHING ELSE WE DO. 213 00:08:51,564 --> 00:08:53,466 THE OTHER THING THAT I WANT TO 214 00:08:53,466 --> 00:08:54,867 MAKE -- THE OTHER POINT I WANT 215 00:08:54,867 --> 00:08:56,502 TO MAKE IS WHEN WE LOOK AT 216 00:08:56,502 --> 00:08:58,971 THESE CARTOON MAPS, IT LOOKS 217 00:08:58,971 --> 00:08:59,906 LIKE THERE'S DOTS THAT 218 00:08:59,906 --> 00:09:01,040 REPRESENT THE TROJANS ARE 219 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:03,309 PRETTY CLOSE TO ONE ANOTHER, 220 00:09:03,309 --> 00:09:05,211 BUT, IN FACT, THE CLOSEST PAIR 221 00:09:05,211 --> 00:09:07,246 THAT WE HAVE IS MORE THAN TEN 222 00:09:07,246 --> 00:09:09,115 MILLION MILES APART, AND THE 223 00:09:09,115 --> 00:09:10,550 OTHERS ARE MUCH FURTHER THAN 224 00:09:10,550 --> 00:09:11,918 THAT, EVEN. 225 00:09:11,918 --> 00:09:16,656 SO THE ONLY WAY WE CAN GET TO 226 00:09:16,656 --> 00:09:18,658 WITHIN 600 MILES OF OUR 227 00:09:18,658 --> 00:09:20,493 TARGETS WHICH IS HOW CLOSE 228 00:09:20,493 --> 00:09:22,061 WE'RE GOING TO FLY, AFTER 229 00:09:22,061 --> 00:09:24,630 TRAVELING MORE THAN A BILLION 230 00:09:24,630 --> 00:09:26,365 MILES, REALLY REQUIRES VERY 231 00:09:26,365 --> 00:09:27,266 PRECISE NAVIGATION. 232 00:09:27,266 --> 00:09:30,303 THAT'S ALL PART OF THE LUCY 233 00:09:30,303 --> 00:09:33,205 TRAJECTORY, AND THE TRAJECTORY 234 00:09:33,205 --> 00:09:35,074 IS WHAT DETERMINED WHAT 235 00:09:35,074 --> 00:09:36,943 TARGETS WE END UP WITH, AND SO 236 00:09:36,943 --> 00:09:38,678 LET ME SHOW YOU THE NEXT 237 00:09:38,678 --> 00:09:40,980 GRAPHIC THAT SHOWS A 238 00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:42,348 COMPARISON OF OUR TARGETS. 239 00:09:42,348 --> 00:09:43,950 SO YOU CAN SEE THE LARGEST 240 00:09:43,950 --> 00:09:48,487 TARGET THERE IS ABOUT 60 MILES 241 00:09:48,487 --> 00:09:49,221 ACROSS. 242 00:09:49,221 --> 00:09:52,124 THAT IS PART OF A BINARY 243 00:09:52,124 --> 00:09:54,327 COMPANION, SO THE TWO LARGEST 244 00:09:54,327 --> 00:09:58,564 OBJECTS ARE IN ORBIT AROUND 245 00:09:58,564 --> 00:10:07,640 EACH OTHER, PETROKLIS AND 246 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:09,175 MENECCIOUS, WE SEE A LOT OF 247 00:10:09,175 --> 00:10:10,943 THE BINARY OBJECTS, WE DON'T 248 00:10:10,943 --> 00:10:12,979 SEE SO MANY IN THE INNER SOLAR 249 00:10:12,979 --> 00:10:13,346 SYSTEM. 250 00:10:13,346 --> 00:10:18,150 WHAT THAT TELLS US IS 251 00:10:18,150 --> 00:10:23,789 PETROKLIS, AND MENECIAS 252 00:10:23,789 --> 00:10:24,590 TRANSPORTED THERE AND DIDN'T 253 00:10:24,590 --> 00:10:26,692 GET BEAT UP TOO MUCH. 254 00:10:26,692 --> 00:10:27,960 ON THE OTHER HAND, THE OTHER 255 00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:31,197 TARGET WE GET TO IS URIBIDIS 256 00:10:31,197 --> 00:10:32,832 AND BEEN INVOLVED IN A MASSIVE 257 00:10:32,832 --> 00:10:35,101 COLLISION BECAUSE WE CAN SEE 258 00:10:35,101 --> 00:10:36,402 THE DEBRIS FROM THE COLLISION 259 00:10:36,402 --> 00:10:38,404 IN THE ORBITS FROM THE OBJECTS 260 00:10:38,404 --> 00:10:40,473 IN THE TROJAN ASTEROIDS. 261 00:10:40,473 --> 00:10:41,474 SO THAT'S A REALLY GOOD 262 00:10:41,474 --> 00:10:43,609 EXAMPLE OF THE POWER OF WHAT 263 00:10:43,609 --> 00:10:45,678 LUCY IS ABLE TO DO BY HAVING 264 00:10:45,678 --> 00:10:48,014 SO MANY TARGETS, WE CAN 265 00:10:48,014 --> 00:10:50,016 CONSTRUCT ALL THE COMPARISONS 266 00:10:50,016 --> 00:10:50,883 BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT 267 00:10:50,883 --> 00:10:52,051 VARIETIES AND THE DIVERSITY 268 00:10:52,051 --> 00:10:53,953 THAT WE SEE IN THE TROJANS, 269 00:10:53,953 --> 00:10:55,921 THE UNEXPECTED DIVERSITY, THE 270 00:10:55,921 --> 00:10:59,225 DIFFERENT COLORS, COLLISIONAL 271 00:10:59,225 --> 00:11:01,627 HISTORIES, IT'S REALLY A 272 00:11:01,627 --> 00:11:04,163 REPOSITORY OF FOSSILS, AS WE 273 00:11:04,163 --> 00:11:05,998 LIKE TO SAY, OF THINGS THAT 274 00:11:05,998 --> 00:11:07,366 HAPPENED AT THE EARLIEST 275 00:11:07,366 --> 00:11:09,201 STAGES OF SOLAR SYSTEM 276 00:11:09,201 --> 00:11:09,602 EVOLUTION. 277 00:11:09,602 --> 00:11:11,737 LET ME SHOW YOU THE NEXT 278 00:11:11,737 --> 00:11:13,039 SLIDE. 279 00:11:13,039 --> 00:11:15,174 TURNS OUT THAT WE NOW HAVE ONE 280 00:11:15,174 --> 00:11:17,243 MORE TARGET THAN WE STARTED 281 00:11:17,243 --> 00:11:19,478 OUT WITH BECAUSE FROM THE 282 00:11:19,478 --> 00:11:20,546 EARTH, WE'VE BEEN TRYING AS 283 00:11:20,546 --> 00:11:24,216 HARD AS WE CAN TO LOOK AT THE 284 00:11:24,216 --> 00:11:26,118 TARGETS AND USING THE HUBBLE 285 00:11:26,118 --> 00:11:27,453 SPACE TELESCOPE WE FOUND A 286 00:11:27,453 --> 00:11:30,856 SATELLITE ORBITING, URIBIDIS, 287 00:11:30,856 --> 00:11:32,892 THE ONE INVOLVED IN THE BIG 288 00:11:32,892 --> 00:11:35,961 COLLISION KNOW AND THE ORBIT 289 00:11:35,961 --> 00:11:39,999 OF THIS OBJECT WHICH WE NAMED 290 00:11:39,999 --> 00:11:43,569 QUETTA, WE WILL ALSO FLY VERY 291 00:11:43,569 --> 00:11:47,406 CLOSE TO THE SATELLITE QUETA, 292 00:11:47,406 --> 00:11:49,942 THAT ADDS ADDITIONAL TARGET WE 293 00:11:49,942 --> 00:11:51,711 HOPE TO SEND BACK TO EARTH 294 00:11:51,711 --> 00:11:54,847 FROM THE LUCY SPACECRAFT. 295 00:11:54,847 --> 00:11:56,949 SO AND THE LAST POINT IS FOR 296 00:11:56,949 --> 00:11:58,984 FLY-BY MISSION, WE HAVE TO 297 00:11:58,984 --> 00:12:00,286 CHOOSE INSTRUMENTS VERY 298 00:12:00,286 --> 00:12:01,020 CAREFULLY BECAUSE WE DON'T 299 00:12:01,020 --> 00:12:02,722 HAVE A LOT OF TIME TO DO THE 300 00:12:02,722 --> 00:12:06,025 SCIENCE DURING THE FLY-BYES. 301 00:12:06,025 --> 00:12:07,760 LET ME SHOW THE LAST GRAPHIC. 302 00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:10,763 SHOWS THE LAYOUT OF THE 303 00:12:10,763 --> 00:12:11,630 INSTRUMENTS, ON A SEPARATE 304 00:12:11,630 --> 00:12:13,833 INSTRUMENT POINTING PLATFORM 305 00:12:13,833 --> 00:12:16,001 THAT WE CAN MOVE AND USE TO 306 00:12:16,001 --> 00:12:18,571 POINT RECISELY AT THE OBJECTS 307 00:12:18,571 --> 00:12:20,473 AS WE FLY BY. 308 00:12:20,473 --> 00:12:21,741 THE THREE MAIN INSTRUMENTS ARE 309 00:12:21,741 --> 00:12:23,809 INDICATED ON THERE AND THE 310 00:12:23,809 --> 00:12:25,177 NEXT THREE SPEAKERS INTRODUCE 311 00:12:25,177 --> 00:12:26,479 YOU TO THE SCIENCE 312 00:12:26,479 --> 00:12:27,179 INSTRUMENTS. 313 00:12:27,179 --> 00:12:29,081 LET ME PASS IT TO HAL WEAVER 314 00:12:29,081 --> 00:12:30,916 WHO IS GOING TO TELL US ABOUT 315 00:12:30,916 --> 00:12:31,784 THE LORI CAMERA. 316 00:12:31,784 --> 00:12:35,020 >> THANKS A LOT, KEITH, AND 317 00:12:35,020 --> 00:12:36,122 HELLO, EVERYONE. 318 00:12:36,122 --> 00:12:37,790 YEAH, I'LL BE TALKING ABOUT 319 00:12:37,790 --> 00:12:39,024 THE LOWERY, WHICH WE REFER TO 320 00:12:39,024 --> 00:12:41,660 AS THE EAGLE EYES OF THE 321 00:12:41,660 --> 00:12:42,862 SPACECRAFT BECAUSE IT WILL 322 00:12:42,862 --> 00:12:44,396 PROVIDE THE HIGHEST RESOLUTION 323 00:12:44,396 --> 00:12:46,332 VIEWS OF THE TROJAN SURFACES. 324 00:12:46,332 --> 00:12:48,167 NOW WHAT YOU'VE BEEN SEEING SO 325 00:12:48,167 --> 00:12:50,770 FAR AS WE LOOKED AT THE 326 00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:53,672 ANIMATIONS ARE JUST ARTISTS' 327 00:12:53,672 --> 00:12:56,609 RENDITIONS OF THE SURFACES OF 328 00:12:56,609 --> 00:12:58,711 THESE TROJANS, GIVEN OUR BEST 329 00:12:58,711 --> 00:13:00,846 CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEIR 330 00:13:00,846 --> 00:13:01,247 PROPERTIES. 331 00:13:01,247 --> 00:13:04,150 WHEN THE LUCY SPACECRAFT GETS 332 00:13:04,150 --> 00:13:05,651 TO FLY NEARBY CLOSE TO THE 333 00:13:05,651 --> 00:13:07,720 OBJECTS, WE'LL FINALLY SEE 334 00:13:07,720 --> 00:13:11,957 WHAT THEY REALLY LOOK LIKE AT 335 00:13:11,957 --> 00:13:13,159 FOOTBALL FIELD RESOLUTION OR 336 00:13:13,159 --> 00:13:13,526 BETTER. 337 00:13:13,526 --> 00:13:15,194 AT THE TIME OF CLOSEST 338 00:13:15,194 --> 00:13:18,731 APPROACH TO THE TROJANS, LUCY 339 00:13:18,731 --> 00:13:21,000 LORI IS GOING TO PROVIDE 340 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:25,304 DETAIL AS SMALL AS EIGHT YARDS 341 00:13:25,304 --> 00:13:26,472 ACROSS, THAT'S ABOUT THE SIZE 342 00:13:26,472 --> 00:13:28,541 OF ONE OF THE LUCY MISSION 343 00:13:28,541 --> 00:13:32,845 SOLAR PANELS, SOLAR ARRAYS, 344 00:13:32,845 --> 00:13:36,215 AND IT'S ALSO LESS YARDAGE 345 00:13:36,215 --> 00:13:38,017 THAN YOU NEED TO GET A FIRST 346 00:13:38,017 --> 00:13:39,151 DOWN IN FOOTBALL. 347 00:13:39,151 --> 00:13:41,153 IT'S AMAZING TO SEE THESE 348 00:13:41,153 --> 00:13:42,688 OBJECTS AT THAT RESOLUTION. 349 00:13:42,688 --> 00:13:44,757 NOW WHAT ARE WE GOING TO SEE? 350 00:13:44,757 --> 00:13:48,594 ARE THERE MOUNTAINS? 351 00:13:48,594 --> 00:13:48,961 VALLEYS? 352 00:13:48,961 --> 00:13:49,261 PITS? 353 00:13:49,261 --> 00:13:49,595 MESAS? 354 00:13:49,595 --> 00:13:50,729 WHO KNOWS? 355 00:13:50,729 --> 00:13:52,464 I'M SURE WE'RE GOING TO BE 356 00:13:52,464 --> 00:13:54,033 SURPRISED BUT WE CAN HARDLY 357 00:13:54,033 --> 00:13:56,635 WAY TO SEE WHAT THE LORI 358 00:13:56,635 --> 00:13:57,736 IMAGES WILL REVEAL ABOUT THE 359 00:13:57,736 --> 00:13:59,738 FOSSILS FROM THE FORMATION OF 360 00:13:59,738 --> 00:14:01,240 THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 361 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:05,444 AND NOW WHAT I WANT TO DO IS 362 00:14:05,444 --> 00:14:11,951 SHARE A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE 363 00:14:11,951 --> 00:14:12,585 LLORRI ITSELF. 364 00:14:12,585 --> 00:14:14,453 A NICE INTRODUCTION TO LUCY 365 00:14:14,453 --> 00:14:16,388 LLORRI AND SHOWS YOU IN THE 366 00:14:16,388 --> 00:14:18,324 LAB DURING GROUND TESTING AT 367 00:14:18,324 --> 00:14:20,693 THE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB, YOU 368 00:14:20,693 --> 00:14:23,596 CAN SEE LLORRI WITHOUT THE 369 00:14:23,596 --> 00:14:26,098 THERMAL BLANKETS, THE 370 00:14:26,098 --> 00:14:27,833 TELESCOPE IS THE SAME OPTICAL 371 00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:30,870 DESIGN AS THE HUBBLE SPACE 372 00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:34,406 TELESCOPE BUT MUCH SIMPLER. 373 00:14:34,406 --> 00:14:37,042 LLORRI HAS NO MOVING PARTS AND 374 00:14:37,042 --> 00:14:39,845 NO FILTERS AND WE DO THAT TO 375 00:14:39,845 --> 00:14:41,714 REDUCE THE RISK OF FAILURE 376 00:14:41,714 --> 00:14:45,718 DURING THE LONG MISSION, THE 377 00:14:45,718 --> 00:14:47,152 12-YEAR MISSION. 378 00:14:47,152 --> 00:14:48,120 IN ADDITION TO MAPPING THE 379 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:49,688 SURFACES OF ALL THE TROJANS, 380 00:14:49,688 --> 00:14:53,158 MEASURING THE CRATERS AS CATHY 381 00:14:53,158 --> 00:14:57,296 WAS SAYING, WE'LL ALSO USE 382 00:14:57,296 --> 00:14:59,265 LLORRI TO PROVIDE SENSITIVE 383 00:14:59,265 --> 00:15:02,101 SEARCHES FOR MOONS AROUND THE 384 00:15:02,101 --> 00:15:02,868 TROJANS AND LOOK FOR POTENTIAL 385 00:15:02,868 --> 00:15:05,471 DUST RINGS AND WE'LL LOOK FOR 386 00:15:05,471 --> 00:15:07,506 POSSIBLE ACTIVITY OF THESE 387 00:15:07,506 --> 00:15:10,042 TROJANS, MATERIAL WILL BE 388 00:15:10,042 --> 00:15:11,543 THROWN OFF BY COMMENTARY-LIKE 389 00:15:11,543 --> 00:15:18,784 BEHAVIOR ASSOCIATED WITH THE 390 00:15:18,784 --> 00:15:19,118 TROJANS. 391 00:15:19,118 --> 00:15:22,588 OKAY, SO ALTHOUGH LUCY LLORRI 392 00:15:22,588 --> 00:15:24,790 IS MUCH SMALLER THAN HUBBLE, 393 00:15:24,790 --> 00:15:27,860 IT ACTUALLY IS VERY LARGE FOR 394 00:15:27,860 --> 00:15:31,697 AN INTERPLANETARY SPACECRAFT, 395 00:15:31,697 --> 00:15:33,966 HAS AN 8.2 INCH PRIMARY MIRROR 396 00:15:33,966 --> 00:15:36,869 AND INTEGRATES ALL COLORS 397 00:15:36,869 --> 00:15:38,437 TOGETHER TO PRODUCE VERY 398 00:15:38,437 --> 00:15:40,139 SENSITIVE BLACK AND WHITE 399 00:15:40,139 --> 00:15:42,308 IMAGES WHICH IS WHAT YOU NEED 400 00:15:42,308 --> 00:15:44,710 TO SEE THE DARK TROJAN 401 00:15:44,710 --> 00:15:48,013 SURFACES AT HIGH RESOLUTION. 402 00:15:48,013 --> 00:15:53,953 OKAY, SO WHAT I WANT TO DO 403 00:15:53,953 --> 00:15:59,124 NEXT IS TALK ABOUT LUCY LLORRI 404 00:15:59,124 --> 00:16:01,226 THE SUCCESSOR IT AN INSTRUMENT 405 00:16:01,226 --> 00:16:07,266 CURRENTLY FLYING IN SPACE 406 00:16:07,266 --> 00:16:10,035 UNDER THE MISSION ALSO CALLED 407 00:16:10,035 --> 00:16:12,271 LLORRI FLYING COMING UP ON 16 408 00:16:12,271 --> 00:16:14,006 YEARS PERFORMING FLAWLESSLY 409 00:16:14,006 --> 00:16:16,141 WITH NO DEGRADATION IN ITS 410 00:16:16,141 --> 00:16:17,276 PERFORMANCE, AND I'LL SHOW YOU 411 00:16:17,276 --> 00:16:19,345 A COUPLE OF IMAGES, SOME 412 00:16:19,345 --> 00:16:22,948 IMAGES FROM THE NEW HORIZONS 413 00:16:22,948 --> 00:16:26,118 LLORRI, NEW HORIZONS LLORRI 414 00:16:26,118 --> 00:16:28,520 FLEW BY THE PLUTO SYSTEM IN 415 00:16:28,520 --> 00:16:31,557 2014 AND TOOK THE SPECTACULAR 416 00:16:31,557 --> 00:16:33,325 IMAGES SHOWN TO THE LEFT, 417 00:16:33,325 --> 00:16:35,995 SHOWING THE INCREDIBLE TERRAIN 418 00:16:35,995 --> 00:16:37,930 DIVERSITY IN PLUTO'S SURFACE, 419 00:16:37,930 --> 00:16:41,367 AND 3 1/2 YEARS LATER ON NEW 420 00:16:41,367 --> 00:16:46,939 YEAR'S DAY IN 2019, IT FLEW BY 421 00:16:46,939 --> 00:16:51,243 A SMALL KUIPER BELT OBJECT AND 422 00:16:51,243 --> 00:16:53,412 CAUSED BY THE GENTLE MERGER OF 423 00:16:53,412 --> 00:16:55,147 TWO SEPARATE BODIES CREATING 424 00:16:55,147 --> 00:16:57,950 WHAT WE CALL A CONTACT BINARY. 425 00:16:57,950 --> 00:16:58,984 OKAY, AND THE FINAL GRAPHIC 426 00:16:58,984 --> 00:17:01,787 THEY HAVE SHOWS ONE OF THE 427 00:17:01,787 --> 00:17:02,821 OTHER VERY IMPORTANT ROLES 428 00:17:02,821 --> 00:17:06,892 THAT LLORRI PLAYS ON THE LUCY 429 00:17:06,892 --> 00:17:09,661 MISSION, THAT IS OPTICAL 430 00:17:09,661 --> 00:17:10,462 NAVIGATION, AND THAT'S THE 431 00:17:10,462 --> 00:17:12,831 SAME FUNCTION THAT THE LLORRI 432 00:17:12,831 --> 00:17:15,534 INSTRUMENT ON NEW HORIZONS 433 00:17:15,534 --> 00:17:16,802 PERFORMED, AND ON THE LEFT WE 434 00:17:16,802 --> 00:17:20,606 SHOW AN IMAGE TAKEN 4 1/2 435 00:17:20,606 --> 00:17:22,775 MONTHS BEFORE THE APPROACH 436 00:17:22,775 --> 00:17:27,946 BEFORE THE CLOSE FLY-BY OF ARA 437 00:17:27,946 --> 00:17:29,748 KOFF AND IT'S WITHIN THE IMAGE 438 00:17:29,748 --> 00:17:31,884 OF WHERE THE CROSS IS BUT IN A 439 00:17:31,884 --> 00:17:33,552 SEA OF BRIGHT STARS AND YOU 440 00:17:33,552 --> 00:17:35,521 CAN'T REALLY SEE IT IN THE 441 00:17:35,521 --> 00:17:35,921 IMAGE. 442 00:17:35,921 --> 00:17:37,056 IF YOU DIGITALLY SUBTRACT OUT 443 00:17:37,056 --> 00:17:39,558 THE STARS, YOU GET THE IMAGE 444 00:17:39,558 --> 00:17:44,430 TO THE RIGHT AND YOU SEE THE 445 00:17:44,430 --> 00:17:45,597 ARAKOFF POPPING OUT NICELY. 446 00:17:45,597 --> 00:17:48,600 THE LLORRI IS DOING THE 447 00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:49,701 SIMILAR THING, TWO MONTHS 448 00:17:49,701 --> 00:17:52,037 BEFORE THE FLY-BY, WE'LL TRAIN 449 00:17:52,037 --> 00:17:55,040 THE LLORRI TELESCOPE ON THE 450 00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:56,141 LOCATION OF THE SKY WHERE WE 451 00:17:56,141 --> 00:17:59,044 THINK THE TROJANS ARE AND 452 00:17:59,044 --> 00:18:01,213 ACQUIRE THE TROJAN TARGETS AND 453 00:18:01,213 --> 00:18:04,216 SYSTEMATICALLY MAKE 454 00:18:04,216 --> 00:18:05,317 OBSERVATIONS OF THESE TARGETS 455 00:18:05,317 --> 00:18:07,920 AS THE SPACECRAFT GETS CLOSER 456 00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:10,656 AND CLOSER TO THE TARGET, AND 457 00:18:10,656 --> 00:18:12,324 THE OPTICAL NAVIGATION TEAM 458 00:18:12,324 --> 00:18:16,261 WILL ANALYZE THOSE IMAGES, AND 459 00:18:16,261 --> 00:18:19,231 IT WILL MAKE SMALL TRAJECTORY 460 00:18:19,231 --> 00:18:21,266 MANEUVERS, CORRECTIONS, THAT 461 00:18:21,266 --> 00:18:23,102 ALLOW THE LUCY SPACECRAFT TO 462 00:18:23,102 --> 00:18:26,038 HEAD EXACTLY WHERE WE DESIGNED 463 00:18:26,038 --> 00:18:28,707 IT TO, AT THE RIGHT TIME. 464 00:18:28,707 --> 00:18:31,577 AND WITH THAT, I THINK I'LL 465 00:18:31,577 --> 00:18:33,445 SAY THANK YOU FOR YOUR 466 00:18:33,445 --> 00:18:36,315 ATTENTION AND PASS IT ONTO 467 00:18:36,315 --> 00:18:36,615 PHIL. 468 00:18:36,615 --> 00:18:37,883 >> THANKS, HAL. 469 00:18:37,883 --> 00:18:41,854 I'M GOING TO SPEND A FEW 470 00:18:41,854 --> 00:18:48,660 MINUTES TALKING ABOUT THE LTES 471 00:18:48,660 --> 00:18:50,262 INSTRUMENT. 472 00:18:50,262 --> 00:18:51,830 WE USE INFRARED LIGHT TO 473 00:18:51,830 --> 00:18:54,333 MEASURE THE TEMPERATURES OF 474 00:18:54,333 --> 00:18:55,767 THE TROJANS. 475 00:18:55,767 --> 00:18:57,736 IF I COULD HAVE THE FIRST 476 00:18:57,736 --> 00:18:59,972 VIDEO, IT SHOWS A QUICK 477 00:18:59,972 --> 00:19:03,175 OVERVIEW OF THE INSTRUMENT, 478 00:19:03,175 --> 00:19:05,978 MUCH LIKE LLORRI IT'S A 479 00:19:05,978 --> 00:19:07,479 TELESCOPE, BUT WE MEASURE 480 00:19:07,479 --> 00:19:10,182 INFRARED LIGHT AND WE USE THE 481 00:19:10,182 --> 00:19:11,049 INFRARED LIGHT TO DETERMINE 482 00:19:11,049 --> 00:19:12,651 THE TEMPERATURE OF THE 483 00:19:12,651 --> 00:19:13,018 OBJECTS. 484 00:19:13,018 --> 00:19:15,320 THE TEMPERATURE TELLS US A 485 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:16,088 TREMENDOUS AMOUNT ABOUT THE 486 00:19:16,088 --> 00:19:18,056 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE 487 00:19:18,056 --> 00:19:19,324 SURFACE, AND SO VERY DENSE 488 00:19:19,324 --> 00:19:22,127 ROCKS TAKE A LONG TIME TO HEAT 489 00:19:22,127 --> 00:19:24,396 UP DURING THE DAY SO THEY ARE 490 00:19:24,396 --> 00:19:26,398 COOL DURING THE DAY AND LOSE 491 00:19:26,398 --> 00:19:28,867 HEAT SLOWLY AT NIGHT SO THEY 492 00:19:28,867 --> 00:19:30,469 STAY WARM AT NIGHT. 493 00:19:30,469 --> 00:19:31,436 FINE SAND, ON THE OTHER HAND, 494 00:19:31,436 --> 00:19:33,805 IF YOU WALKED ACROSS A BEACH 495 00:19:33,805 --> 00:19:34,940 AT NOON AND THE FINE SAND 496 00:19:34,940 --> 00:19:36,808 HEATS UP, GETS VERY, VERY HOT 497 00:19:36,808 --> 00:19:38,877 DURING THE DAY, LOSES 498 00:19:38,877 --> 00:19:40,846 TEMPERATURE VERY RAPIDLY AT 499 00:19:40,846 --> 00:19:42,181 NIGHT, AND SO BY COMPARING 500 00:19:42,181 --> 00:19:44,283 THOSE DAY AND NIGHT 501 00:19:44,283 --> 00:19:46,718 MEASUREMENTS WE DETERMINE IS 502 00:19:46,718 --> 00:19:49,021 THE SURFACE MADE OF DENSE 503 00:19:49,021 --> 00:19:50,556 BOULDER MATERIAL OR FINE GRAIN 504 00:19:50,556 --> 00:19:51,924 DUST AND SAND? 505 00:19:51,924 --> 00:19:55,260 THAT COMPLEMENTS THE VISIBLE 506 00:19:55,260 --> 00:19:59,765 DATA WE'RE GETTING FROM THE 507 00:19:59,765 --> 00:20:02,467 LLORRI AND THE LRALPH 508 00:20:02,467 --> 00:20:02,901 INSTRUMENT. 509 00:20:02,901 --> 00:20:03,835 THE NEXT VIDEO SHOWS AN 510 00:20:03,835 --> 00:20:05,604 EXAMPLE OF THE TYPE OF DATA 511 00:20:05,604 --> 00:20:09,208 WE'VE COLLECTED FOR, IN THIS 512 00:20:09,208 --> 00:20:10,008 CASE, MARS. 513 00:20:10,008 --> 00:20:12,444 WHAT YOU SEE IS AS THE PLANET 514 00:20:12,444 --> 00:20:13,612 ROTATES, DAY TO NIGHT, 515 00:20:13,612 --> 00:20:14,980 DIFFERENT MATERIALS HEAT UP 516 00:20:14,980 --> 00:20:16,415 AND COOL DOWN VERY 517 00:20:16,415 --> 00:20:17,182 DIFFERENTLY, SO FROM THAT 518 00:20:17,182 --> 00:20:19,484 WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO SAY A LOT 519 00:20:19,484 --> 00:20:21,954 ABOUT THE DISTRIBUTION OF 520 00:20:21,954 --> 00:20:24,156 ROCKS AND DUST AND FINE GRAIN 521 00:20:24,156 --> 00:20:24,923 MATERIALS, REALLY UNDERSTAND 522 00:20:24,923 --> 00:20:26,825 THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLANET BY 523 00:20:26,825 --> 00:20:28,260 LOOKING AT THE TEMPERATURE 524 00:20:28,260 --> 00:20:31,263 DATA AND HOW THINGS CHANGE 525 00:20:31,263 --> 00:20:32,998 DURING THE DAY. 526 00:20:32,998 --> 00:20:38,370 MORE RECENTLY, LTES'S SISTER 527 00:20:38,370 --> 00:20:41,440 INSTRUMENT ON THE OSIREIS 528 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:44,476 MISSION WENT TO THE ASTEROID 529 00:20:44,476 --> 00:20:46,645 BANU, A TEMPERATURE MOVIE OF 530 00:20:46,645 --> 00:20:49,281 BANU AND HERE, YOU CAN SEE 531 00:20:49,281 --> 00:20:50,816 DIFFERENT MATERIALS HEAT UP 532 00:20:50,816 --> 00:20:52,017 DIFFERENTLY THROUGHOUT THE 533 00:20:52,017 --> 00:20:52,317 DAY. 534 00:20:52,317 --> 00:20:54,052 ONE OF THE GREAT SURPRISES OF 535 00:20:54,052 --> 00:20:56,221 THAT MISSION WAS THAT WE FOUND 536 00:20:56,221 --> 00:20:58,790 THAT THESE HOUSE-SIZED 537 00:20:58,790 --> 00:21:00,492 BOULDERS, WHAT WE THOUGHT WERE 538 00:21:00,492 --> 00:21:02,628 BOULDERS WERE BEHAVING AS IF 539 00:21:02,628 --> 00:21:04,229 THEY WERE VERY FINE GRAIN 540 00:21:04,229 --> 00:21:05,697 MATERIAL, AND GETTING VERY HOT 541 00:21:05,697 --> 00:21:07,566 DURING THE DAY AND VERY COLD 542 00:21:07,566 --> 00:21:10,102 AT NIGHT, SO AGAIN, IT SHOWS 543 00:21:10,102 --> 00:21:12,504 HOW THE INFRARED IMAGES 544 00:21:12,504 --> 00:21:14,273 COMPLEMENT THE IMAGES IN THE 545 00:21:14,273 --> 00:21:15,841 VISIBLE AND TELL US SOMETHING 546 00:21:15,841 --> 00:21:18,610 ABOUT REMARKABLE WHAT LOOKED 547 00:21:18,610 --> 00:21:20,846 TO BE BOULDERY MATERIAL IS 548 00:21:20,846 --> 00:21:21,880 MATERIAL YOU COULD PROBABLY 549 00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:23,548 CRUSH IN YOUR HAND. 550 00:21:23,548 --> 00:21:25,317 SO AGAIN, POINTS TO THE 551 00:21:25,317 --> 00:21:27,252 IMPORTANCE OF HAVING THIS 552 00:21:27,252 --> 00:21:29,288 SUITE OF INSTRUMENTS LOOKING 553 00:21:29,288 --> 00:21:30,989 AT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS. 554 00:21:30,989 --> 00:21:32,491 THE LAST THING I'LL SAY IS A 555 00:21:32,491 --> 00:21:34,159 FUN COMMENT THAT ALANA 556 00:21:34,159 --> 00:21:37,562 REFERRED TO THAT WE ARE INDEED 557 00:21:37,562 --> 00:21:39,831 TAKING DIAMONDS HIGH INTO THE 558 00:21:39,831 --> 00:21:40,599 SKY. 559 00:21:40,599 --> 00:21:42,234 THE NEXT GRAPHIC SHOWS THE 560 00:21:42,234 --> 00:21:44,403 BEAM SPLITTER, IT'S A PART OF 561 00:21:44,403 --> 00:21:47,105 THE INSTRUMENT THAT BREAKS THE 562 00:21:47,105 --> 00:21:48,173 LIGHT, SEND IT IN TWO 563 00:21:48,173 --> 00:21:49,508 DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS AND THE 564 00:21:49,508 --> 00:21:53,745 UPPER LEFT CORNER YOU SEE ARE 565 00:21:53,745 --> 00:21:57,015 DIAMOND, IT'S A DIAMOND 566 00:21:57,015 --> 00:21:58,617 FLOATER THUMB AND FOREFINGER 567 00:21:58,617 --> 00:22:01,353 FOR SCALE, YOU SEE HOW IT'S 568 00:22:01,353 --> 00:22:02,654 MOUNTED INTO THE BEAM SPLITTER 569 00:22:02,654 --> 00:22:04,156 AND THE BOTTOM RIGHT YOU SEE 570 00:22:04,156 --> 00:22:06,358 HOW THE BEAM SPLITTER ENTERS 571 00:22:06,358 --> 00:22:07,225 INTO THE INSTRUMENT. 572 00:22:07,225 --> 00:22:09,828 SO WE TRULY ARE SENDING A 573 00:22:09,828 --> 00:22:12,064 DIAMOND INTO THE SKY WITH 574 00:22:12,064 --> 00:22:14,299 LUCY, AND AGAIN, IT'S A 575 00:22:14,299 --> 00:22:15,334 FUNDAMENTAL PART OF THE 576 00:22:15,334 --> 00:22:16,768 INSTRUMENT AND ALSO A FUN 577 00:22:16,768 --> 00:22:17,936 ELEMENT OF THE MISSION. 578 00:22:17,936 --> 00:22:20,706 WITH THAT, I'LL TURN IT OVER 579 00:22:20,706 --> 00:22:21,606 TO DENNIS. 580 00:22:21,606 --> 00:22:23,075 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, PHIL. 581 00:22:23,075 --> 00:22:26,311 AND I'M VERY HAPPY TO BE HERE 582 00:22:26,311 --> 00:22:30,816 TO DISCUSS THE LRALPH 583 00:22:30,816 --> 00:22:33,051 INSTRUMENT ON LUCY, AND 584 00:22:33,051 --> 00:22:34,453 L-RALPH IS ONE OF THE KEY 585 00:22:34,453 --> 00:22:37,189 GOALS OF LUCY IS TO UNDERSTAND 586 00:22:37,189 --> 00:22:39,157 THE COMPOSITION OF THE 587 00:22:39,157 --> 00:22:41,159 SURFACES OF THE MATERIAL, OF 588 00:22:41,159 --> 00:22:42,761 THE OBJECTS WE'RE GOING TO, 589 00:22:42,761 --> 00:22:44,896 THE TROJANS WE'RE GOING TO AND 590 00:22:44,896 --> 00:22:46,565 HOW THAT COMPOSITION IS 591 00:22:46,565 --> 00:22:49,301 RELATED TO THE GEOLOGY, THE 592 00:22:49,301 --> 00:22:50,535 MORPHOLOGY, THE SHAPE OF THE 593 00:22:50,535 --> 00:22:50,902 SURFACE. 594 00:22:50,902 --> 00:22:51,803 IS THERE ANY DIFFERENCES IN 595 00:22:51,803 --> 00:22:53,138 THE COMPOSITION WHEN YOU'RE IN 596 00:22:53,138 --> 00:22:54,906 A CRATER VERSUS A MOUNTAIN AND 597 00:22:54,906 --> 00:22:57,843 SO ON AND SO FORTH? 598 00:22:57,843 --> 00:23:00,379 GETTING THE DATA FROM LLORRI, 599 00:23:00,379 --> 00:23:02,681 WHICH WE'LL LOOK AT A LOT OF 600 00:23:02,681 --> 00:23:03,715 CRATERS AND TELL US HOW OLD 601 00:23:03,715 --> 00:23:05,650 THEY ARE WILL ALLOW US TO SEE 602 00:23:05,650 --> 00:23:07,386 IF THERE IS COORDINATION 603 00:23:07,386 --> 00:23:08,720 BETWEEN THE COMPOSITION AND 604 00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:10,455 HOW OLD THE SURFACE IS. 605 00:23:10,455 --> 00:23:12,924 SO WE'RE KIND OF SEEING BOTH 606 00:23:12,924 --> 00:23:14,259 FORMATION PROCESS AND THE 607 00:23:14,259 --> 00:23:15,260 EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS. 608 00:23:15,260 --> 00:23:18,964 IF I COULD GO TO THE FIRST 609 00:23:18,964 --> 00:23:22,334 CHART, PLEASE? 610 00:23:22,334 --> 00:23:23,802 NOW, L-RALPH IS TWO 611 00:23:23,802 --> 00:23:25,937 INSTRUMENTS IN ONE. 612 00:23:25,937 --> 00:23:29,274 IT HAS A VISIBLE NEAR INFRARED 613 00:23:29,274 --> 00:23:30,809 FOCAL PLANE THAT ALLOWS US TO 614 00:23:30,809 --> 00:23:31,977 KIND OF SEE WHAT YOU'D SEE 615 00:23:31,977 --> 00:23:34,746 WITH YOUR EYES WHEN YOU GO 616 00:23:34,746 --> 00:23:37,315 THROUGH IT. 617 00:23:37,315 --> 00:23:39,217 IT HAS NARROW BAND CHANNELS 618 00:23:39,217 --> 00:23:41,453 THAT LOOK AT COLORS IN SIX OR 619 00:23:41,453 --> 00:23:44,055 SO WAVELENGTH BANDS AND 620 00:23:44,055 --> 00:23:47,659 VISIBLE IN THE NEAR INFRARED, 621 00:23:47,659 --> 00:23:49,060 CALLED M-VICK. 622 00:23:49,060 --> 00:23:51,863 IT HAS AN INFRARED DETECTOR 623 00:23:51,863 --> 00:23:54,166 CALLED LISA THAT LOOKS ONLY IN 624 00:23:54,166 --> 00:23:56,935 THE INFRARED, STUFF THAT YOU 625 00:23:56,935 --> 00:23:59,938 COULDN'T SEE, IT LOOKS IN NOT 626 00:23:59,938 --> 00:24:04,409 FIVE OR SIX BANDS BUT EIGHT 627 00:24:04,409 --> 00:24:05,977 BANDS BUT TELLS US WHAT THE 628 00:24:05,977 --> 00:24:07,145 COMPOSITION OF THE SURFACE IS 629 00:24:07,145 --> 00:24:09,080 BY LOOKING AT HOW THE 630 00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:11,416 REFLECTION CHANGES AS A 631 00:24:11,416 --> 00:24:13,185 FUNCTION OF WAVELENGTH. 632 00:24:13,185 --> 00:24:15,687 L-RALPH HAS TO BE VERY COOL 633 00:24:15,687 --> 00:24:17,989 BECAUSE THE INFRARED DETECTOR 634 00:24:17,989 --> 00:24:19,591 CAN'T GET VERY WARM. 635 00:24:19,591 --> 00:24:22,294 IT HAS TO GET DOWN TO 100 636 00:24:22,294 --> 00:24:24,863 KELVIN, THAT'S LIKE MINUS 280 637 00:24:24,863 --> 00:24:26,097 FAHRENHEIT, SO BECAUSE WE HAVE 638 00:24:26,097 --> 00:24:28,567 TO STAY IN FOCUS ALL THE TIME, 639 00:24:28,567 --> 00:24:30,969 WE MADE THE INSTRUMENT OUT OF 640 00:24:30,969 --> 00:24:33,271 A SINGLE BLOCK OF ALUMINUM, 641 00:24:33,271 --> 00:24:35,207 CUT IT ALL OUT, AND THEN MAKE 642 00:24:35,207 --> 00:24:36,308 ALL THE INTERNAL STUFF OUT OF 643 00:24:36,308 --> 00:24:38,176 IT, INCLUDING THE MIRRORS. 644 00:24:38,176 --> 00:24:39,911 THAT WAY WHEN THINGS COOL 645 00:24:39,911 --> 00:24:41,813 DOWN, EVERYTHING MOVES AT THE 646 00:24:41,813 --> 00:24:43,548 SAME RATE AND IT STAYS IN 647 00:24:43,548 --> 00:24:43,949 FOCUS. 648 00:24:43,949 --> 00:24:46,485 BY THE WAY, THE MIRRORS ARE 649 00:24:46,485 --> 00:24:49,187 MADE OUT OF ALUMINUM BUT 650 00:24:49,187 --> 00:24:50,188 POLISHED WITH DIAMONDS. 651 00:24:50,188 --> 00:24:51,790 WE DID OUR DIAMONDS BEFORE WE 652 00:24:51,790 --> 00:24:52,824 WENT INTO THE SKY ON THIS. 653 00:24:52,824 --> 00:24:54,926 IF I COULD HAVE -- SORRY ABOUT 654 00:24:54,926 --> 00:24:55,861 THAT. 655 00:24:55,861 --> 00:24:58,163 IF I COULD HAVE THE NEXT 656 00:24:58,163 --> 00:24:58,830 CHART? 657 00:24:58,830 --> 00:25:00,665 THIS IS WHY WE GO TO THE 658 00:25:00,665 --> 00:25:03,034 OBJECTS RATHER THAN LOOKING AT 659 00:25:03,034 --> 00:25:04,870 THEM FROM THE GROUND. 660 00:25:04,870 --> 00:25:07,739 THIS IS AN IMAGE FROM THE 661 00:25:07,739 --> 00:25:11,910 M-VICK FOCAL PLANE ON THE NEW 662 00:25:11,910 --> 00:25:13,378 HORIZONS RALPH INSTRUMENT. 663 00:25:13,378 --> 00:25:14,613 L-RALPH AND RALPH ARE CLOSELY 664 00:25:14,613 --> 00:25:17,415 RELATED IN TERMS OF HOW THEY 665 00:25:17,415 --> 00:25:20,619 WORK, BUT L-RALPH HAS A LOT 666 00:25:20,619 --> 00:25:21,620 MORE CAPABILITY, AND I'LL 667 00:25:21,620 --> 00:25:22,754 EXPLAIN THAT IN A SECOND. 668 00:25:22,754 --> 00:25:24,322 ANY RATE, WHEN YOU LOOK AT 669 00:25:24,322 --> 00:25:26,858 THIS PICTURE, YOU CAN SEE 670 00:25:26,858 --> 00:25:28,793 AREAS THAT ARE RED AND WHITE, 671 00:25:28,793 --> 00:25:30,562 AND THEY'RE QUITE SEPARATED. 672 00:25:30,562 --> 00:25:32,297 THE WHITE AREAS LOOK LIKE 673 00:25:32,297 --> 00:25:33,765 WHERE SOMETHING HAS MOVED UP 674 00:25:33,765 --> 00:25:34,866 FROM THE GROUND. 675 00:25:34,866 --> 00:25:36,935 THE RED AREAS LOOK LIKE 676 00:25:36,935 --> 00:25:38,270 SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN ON THE 677 00:25:38,270 --> 00:25:40,939 FLAT SURFACE THAT MOVED UP. 678 00:25:40,939 --> 00:25:42,374 WELL, THAT MAY BE BECAUSE 679 00:25:42,374 --> 00:25:44,209 THERE WAS SOMETHING DIFFERENT 680 00:25:44,209 --> 00:25:45,076 UNDER THE GROUND WHERE THE 681 00:25:45,076 --> 00:25:47,212 WHITE AREAS ARE, IT'S 682 00:25:47,212 --> 00:25:48,246 REFLECTING ALL THE WHITE AND 683 00:25:48,246 --> 00:25:50,982 ALL THE CHANNELS WE'RE LOOKING 684 00:25:50,982 --> 00:25:51,249 AT. 685 00:25:51,249 --> 00:25:54,586 OR MAYBE THAT THE AREAS ON THE 686 00:25:54,586 --> 00:25:58,323 TOP HAVE AGED MORE BECAUSE 687 00:25:58,323 --> 00:25:59,824 THEY'VE BEEN EXPOSED TO COSMIC 688 00:25:59,824 --> 00:26:03,261 RADIATION AND SO ON FOR A 689 00:26:03,261 --> 00:26:04,095 LONGER PERIOD. 690 00:26:04,095 --> 00:26:05,564 BUT AGAIN, GETTING THIS 691 00:26:05,564 --> 00:26:07,265 RESOLUTION, WE HAD IMAGES OF 692 00:26:07,265 --> 00:26:09,034 PLUTO BEFORE WE GOT THERE, BUT 693 00:26:09,034 --> 00:26:11,503 NEVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE THIS. 694 00:26:11,503 --> 00:26:14,039 IF YOU GO TO THE NEXT CHART, 695 00:26:14,039 --> 00:26:15,407 THIS IS AN IMAGE TAKEN -- 696 00:26:15,407 --> 00:26:17,309 EXCUSE ME, A MAP OF 697 00:26:17,309 --> 00:26:19,210 COMPOSITIONS TAKEN WITH THE 698 00:26:19,210 --> 00:26:20,979 LISA INSTRUMENT ON NEW 699 00:26:20,979 --> 00:26:24,482 HORIZONS RALPH, AND HERE WE'RE 700 00:26:24,482 --> 00:26:25,350 LOOKING AT WATER. 701 00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:27,652 PURE WATER ICE, AND YOU CAN 702 00:26:27,652 --> 00:26:29,821 SEE IT'S MODELED AROUND AND 703 00:26:29,821 --> 00:26:31,389 LOW, MORE GREEN YOU GET, THE 704 00:26:31,389 --> 00:26:33,625 MORE ICE THERE IS, AND YOU CAN 705 00:26:33,625 --> 00:26:36,194 SEE AREAS WHERE THERE'S A LOT 706 00:26:36,194 --> 00:26:37,495 OF WATER SITTING ON THE 707 00:26:37,495 --> 00:26:37,862 SURFACE. 708 00:26:37,862 --> 00:26:40,532 NOW, AGAIN, THAT SORT OF 709 00:26:40,532 --> 00:26:42,033 INDICATES THAT SOMETHING IS 710 00:26:42,033 --> 00:26:43,234 HAPPENING DIFFERENT ON THERE 711 00:26:43,234 --> 00:26:44,436 AND THE MORE VOLATILE THINGS 712 00:26:44,436 --> 00:26:48,440 THAT ARE ON PLUTO, THE 713 00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:49,874 NITROGEN AND METHANE HAVE GONE 714 00:26:49,874 --> 00:26:51,810 OFF OF THE SURFACE OR PERHAPS 715 00:26:51,810 --> 00:26:52,544 SOMETHING HAD CRASHED AND 716 00:26:52,544 --> 00:26:53,912 BROUGHT WATER IN, WHATEVER, 717 00:26:53,912 --> 00:26:55,513 THAT'S THE TYPE OF THING WHEN 718 00:26:55,513 --> 00:26:57,816 WE LOOK AT A BUNCH OF CASES, 719 00:26:57,816 --> 00:27:00,752 YOU CAN START TO UNDERSTAND 720 00:27:00,752 --> 00:27:02,187 THE HISTORY OF THE OBJECT. 721 00:27:02,187 --> 00:27:04,322 HOW IT'S MADE AND AGED AFTER 722 00:27:04,322 --> 00:27:06,257 IT WAS MADE. 723 00:27:06,257 --> 00:27:09,494 IF YOU COULD GO TO THE NEXT 724 00:27:09,494 --> 00:27:10,395 CHART, PLEASE? 725 00:27:10,395 --> 00:27:13,898 THE NEXT CHART IS WHERE WE SEE 726 00:27:13,898 --> 00:27:16,301 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN L-RALPH 727 00:27:16,301 --> 00:27:18,837 ON LUCY AND RALPH ON NEW 728 00:27:18,837 --> 00:27:20,605 HORIZONS BECAUSE THESE ARE 729 00:27:20,605 --> 00:27:22,140 LONGER WAVELENGTH MAPS THAT 730 00:27:22,140 --> 00:27:24,476 WERE TAKEN AT BENNU, THE SAME 731 00:27:24,476 --> 00:27:25,710 OBJECT THAT PHIL WAS JUST 732 00:27:25,710 --> 00:27:28,413 TALKING ABOUT, AND YOU CAN SEE 733 00:27:28,413 --> 00:27:29,848 THAT THERE ARE AREAS ON THE 734 00:27:29,848 --> 00:27:33,818 LEFT, THE LEFT SHOWS THE 735 00:27:33,818 --> 00:27:34,185 WATER. 736 00:27:34,185 --> 00:27:34,953 THIS IS NOT WATER LIKE ON 737 00:27:34,953 --> 00:27:36,688 PLUTO, WHICH IS ICE. 738 00:27:36,688 --> 00:27:39,057 THIS IS WATER THAT IS 739 00:27:39,057 --> 00:27:40,058 INCORPORATED INTO THE SOIL, 740 00:27:40,058 --> 00:27:41,526 AND INCORPORATED INTO THE 741 00:27:41,526 --> 00:27:42,994 MATERIAL THAT MAKES UP THE 742 00:27:42,994 --> 00:27:43,328 OBJECT. 743 00:27:43,328 --> 00:27:45,797 KIND OF LIKE CLAY IN YOUR 744 00:27:45,797 --> 00:27:46,898 BACKYARD, AND YOU CAN SEE 745 00:27:46,898 --> 00:27:48,333 THERE ARE PLACES WHERE THERE 746 00:27:48,333 --> 00:27:50,735 ARE CRATERS AND HAS A LOT MORE 747 00:27:50,735 --> 00:27:52,504 WATER THAN OTHER PLACES AND 748 00:27:52,504 --> 00:27:54,639 OTHER CRATERS THAT HAVE LESS 749 00:27:54,639 --> 00:27:55,840 WATER. 750 00:27:55,840 --> 00:27:57,809 AGAIN, ON THE LEFT, WHAT IT IS 751 00:27:57,809 --> 00:28:00,578 A MAP OF THE THING THAT LOOKS 752 00:28:00,578 --> 00:28:01,980 LIKE KIND OF THE MATERIALS 753 00:28:01,980 --> 00:28:04,115 THAT MAKE UP ORGANIC 754 00:28:04,115 --> 00:28:04,516 MOLECULES. 755 00:28:04,516 --> 00:28:06,117 WE'RE NOT SAYING THESE ARE 756 00:28:06,117 --> 00:28:07,786 ORGANIC MOLECULES BUT KIND OF 757 00:28:07,786 --> 00:28:14,125 THE BUILDING LOCKS OF ORGANIC 758 00:28:14,125 --> 00:28:15,260 MOLECULES, AND AGAIN, THERE'S 759 00:28:15,260 --> 00:28:16,828 THIS NICE COLUMN, YOU CAN USE 760 00:28:16,828 --> 00:28:20,098 THE MAPS TO GET A FEEL OF THE 761 00:28:20,098 --> 00:28:21,599 CORRELATION BETWEEN 762 00:28:21,599 --> 00:28:22,600 COMPOSITION AND SURFACE 763 00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:23,001 STRUCTURE. 764 00:28:23,001 --> 00:28:24,502 THAT'S WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO 765 00:28:24,502 --> 00:28:25,870 ON LUCY AND THE INFORMATION 766 00:28:25,870 --> 00:28:28,039 THAT'S PROVIDED BY THE OTHER 767 00:28:28,039 --> 00:28:29,040 INSTRUMENTS WHERE IT TELLS US 768 00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:33,645 THE SIZE OF THINGS, AGE OF 769 00:28:33,645 --> 00:28:37,115 THINGS, WHERE IT TELLS US THE 770 00:28:37,115 --> 00:28:38,750 SIZE OF THE MATERIAL BECAUSE 771 00:28:38,750 --> 00:28:40,685 IT'S GIVING THERMAL STRUCTURE, 772 00:28:40,685 --> 00:28:42,487 HELP US ANALYZE THE DATA. 773 00:28:42,487 --> 00:28:43,521 WE'RE REALLY LOOKING FORWARD 774 00:28:43,521 --> 00:28:45,824 TO GETTING THE DATA AND 775 00:28:45,824 --> 00:28:47,025 ANALYZING THEM OVER THE NEXT 776 00:28:47,025 --> 00:28:47,492 20 YEARS. 777 00:28:47,492 --> 00:28:48,793 THANK YOU VERY MUCH, AND 778 00:28:48,793 --> 00:28:51,096 ALANA, I TURN IT BACK TO YOU. 779 00:28:51,096 --> 00:28:52,163 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, DENNIS. 780 00:28:52,163 --> 00:28:53,765 THANK YOU TO ALL OF OUR 781 00:28:53,765 --> 00:28:54,199 EXPERTS. 782 00:28:54,199 --> 00:28:57,569 THE PHONE LINES ARE NOW OPEN. 783 00:28:57,569 --> 00:28:59,471 PLEASE IDENTIFY YOURSELF, YOUR 784 00:28:59,471 --> 00:29:00,739 OUTLET AND THE EXPERT YOU 785 00:29:00,739 --> 00:29:02,674 WOULD LIKE TO ANSWER YOUR 786 00:29:02,674 --> 00:29:03,141 QUESTION. 787 00:29:03,141 --> 00:29:05,410 TO MAXIMIZE TODAY'S TIME, 788 00:29:05,410 --> 00:29:07,212 PLEASE KEEP QUESTIONS CENTERED 789 00:29:07,212 --> 00:29:10,715 ON LUCY'S MISSION SCIENCE. 790 00:29:10,715 --> 00:29:13,685 OUR FIRST QUESTION COMES FROM 791 00:29:13,685 --> 00:29:15,386 HAL KING ON FACEBOOK WHO ASKS, 792 00:29:15,386 --> 00:29:17,355 COULD THE TROJAN ASTEROIDS BE 793 00:29:17,355 --> 00:29:19,124 THE REMNANTS OF JUPITER'S 794 00:29:19,124 --> 00:29:21,426 MOONS IN ADDITION TO JUPITER? 795 00:29:21,426 --> 00:29:26,364 I'M GOING TO TOSS THAT TO 796 00:29:26,364 --> 00:29:26,698 KEITH. 797 00:29:26,698 --> 00:29:28,333 >> THAT WAS WHAT PEOPLE 798 00:29:28,333 --> 00:29:29,534 THOUGHT 30 YEARS AGO, AND WHAT 799 00:29:29,534 --> 00:29:31,503 WE'VE LEARNED SINCE THEN IS 800 00:29:31,503 --> 00:29:35,340 THAT, IN FACT, THE JUPITER 801 00:29:35,340 --> 00:29:36,508 TROJANS DO NOT HAVE A 802 00:29:36,508 --> 00:29:37,709 CONNECTION TO JUPITER OTHER 803 00:29:37,709 --> 00:29:39,844 THAN THE FACT THAT JUPITER 804 00:29:39,844 --> 00:29:42,881 PROVIDES THIS LITTLE 805 00:29:42,881 --> 00:29:45,316 STABILIZING INFLUENCE, AND SO 806 00:29:45,316 --> 00:29:49,287 THE GOAL OF LUCY IS REALLY TO 807 00:29:49,287 --> 00:29:51,723 TRY TO UNDERSTAND HOW AND 808 00:29:51,723 --> 00:29:53,625 WHERE THE TROJANS CAME FROM, 809 00:29:53,625 --> 00:29:56,327 BUT WE'RE PRETTY SURE IT'S NOT 810 00:29:56,327 --> 00:29:57,929 FROM ANYWHERE NEAR JUPITER. 811 00:29:57,929 --> 00:30:00,632 THE OTHER POINT I'LL MAKE IS 812 00:30:00,632 --> 00:30:02,267 IT'S OFTEN SAID THAT THE 813 00:30:02,267 --> 00:30:03,968 TROJANS ARE NEAR JUPITER. 814 00:30:03,968 --> 00:30:05,403 THEY'RE REALLY FAR FROM 815 00:30:05,403 --> 00:30:05,770 JUPITER. 816 00:30:05,770 --> 00:30:07,005 IN FACT, THE CLOSEST THAT THE 817 00:30:07,005 --> 00:30:08,206 LUCY SPACECRAFT WILL EVER BE 818 00:30:08,206 --> 00:30:10,275 TO JUPITER IS WHEN IT'S NEAR 819 00:30:10,275 --> 00:30:11,142 THE EARTH. 820 00:30:11,142 --> 00:30:12,143 WHEN WE'RE IN THE TROJANS, 821 00:30:12,143 --> 00:30:13,978 WE'RE FARTHER AWAY FROM 822 00:30:13,978 --> 00:30:16,548 JUPITER THAN WE ARE AT THE 823 00:30:16,548 --> 00:30:19,717 TIME WHEN WE'RE FLYING PAST 824 00:30:19,717 --> 00:30:21,085 THE EARTH. 825 00:30:21,085 --> 00:30:22,220 >> THANK YOU. 826 00:30:22,220 --> 00:30:25,657 WE HAVE OUR NEXT QUESTION 827 00:30:25,657 --> 00:30:30,495 COMES FROM MICHAEL GRESHCOW 828 00:30:30,495 --> 00:30:31,696 FROM "NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC." 829 00:30:31,696 --> 00:30:32,530 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR 830 00:30:32,530 --> 00:30:33,364 DOING THIS. 831 00:30:33,364 --> 00:30:34,532 I THINK THE QUESTION MIGHT BE 832 00:30:34,532 --> 00:30:35,533 FOR CATHY. 833 00:30:35,533 --> 00:30:38,236 YOU MENTIONED IN YOUR OPENING 834 00:30:38,236 --> 00:30:39,437 REMARKS THAT THE MASS 835 00:30:39,437 --> 00:30:40,138 DETERMINATION WILL BE AN 836 00:30:40,138 --> 00:30:41,739 IMPORTANT PART OF THAT, AND 837 00:30:41,739 --> 00:30:46,177 YOU'LL DO THAT IN PART THROUGH 838 00:30:46,177 --> 00:30:47,178 CHECKING THE DOPPLER SHIFT. 839 00:30:47,178 --> 00:30:50,315 I WAS WONDERING IF YOU COULD 840 00:30:50,315 --> 00:30:53,351 SPEAK TO HOW IMPORTANT SOME OF 841 00:30:53,351 --> 00:30:56,154 THE BINARY SYSTEMS OF THE 842 00:30:56,154 --> 00:31:03,428 MISSION WILL BE, THE PETROCLUS 843 00:31:03,428 --> 00:31:08,233 AND EURYBATES. 844 00:31:08,233 --> 00:31:11,336 >> YES, YOU CAN GET THE SYSTEM 845 00:31:11,336 --> 00:31:14,239 MASS WITHOUT HAVING A FLY-BY, 846 00:31:14,239 --> 00:31:16,140 THAT'S VERY HELPFUL FOR 847 00:31:16,140 --> 00:31:17,775 UNDERSTANDING THE DENSITY OF 848 00:31:17,775 --> 00:31:20,745 BINARY SYSTEMS. 849 00:31:20,745 --> 00:31:24,482 FOR OBJECTS LIKE LUCAS AND 850 00:31:24,482 --> 00:31:26,651 ORIS, OTHER TARGETS THAT 851 00:31:26,651 --> 00:31:28,720 AREN'T BINEARIES AND WE REALLY 852 00:31:28,720 --> 00:31:31,022 WANT TO BE ABLE TO GET THE 853 00:31:31,022 --> 00:31:32,257 MASS DETERMINATION FROM THE 854 00:31:32,257 --> 00:31:36,127 FLY-BY, AND WE WILL, USING THE 855 00:31:36,127 --> 00:31:39,197 DOPPLER SHIFT. 856 00:31:39,197 --> 00:31:47,438 WITH THE PETROCCLUS AND 857 00:31:47,438 --> 00:31:49,874 MENECIUS, THEY OPERATE LIKE 858 00:31:49,874 --> 00:31:53,177 THIS, LIKE A DUMBBELL ROTATING 859 00:31:53,177 --> 00:31:56,080 AROUND THE SAME POSITION IN 860 00:31:56,080 --> 00:31:56,915 SPACE, AND CAN YOU MEASURE 861 00:31:56,915 --> 00:31:58,750 THAT MOTION RELATIVE TO THE 862 00:31:58,750 --> 00:32:00,752 CENTER OF MASS TO GET THE MASS 863 00:32:00,752 --> 00:32:02,820 RATIO BETWEEN THE TWO OF THOSE 864 00:32:02,820 --> 00:32:05,023 OBJECTS, AND WE WILL ALSO BE 865 00:32:05,023 --> 00:32:06,724 DOING THAT AS WE APPROACH OUR 866 00:32:06,724 --> 00:32:08,893 TROJAN ASTEROIDS, SO THAT WE 867 00:32:08,893 --> 00:32:12,397 HAVE NOT ONLY THE SYSTEM MASS 868 00:32:12,397 --> 00:32:15,133 THAT YOU GET FROM A BINARY 869 00:32:15,133 --> 00:32:16,601 SYSTEM BUT THEN THE INDIVIDUAL 870 00:32:16,601 --> 00:32:20,705 MASSES OF EACH OF THOSE 871 00:32:20,705 --> 00:32:21,139 COMPONENTS. 872 00:32:21,139 --> 00:32:23,574 >> CAN I ADD TO THAT A LITTLE 873 00:32:23,574 --> 00:32:23,908 BIT? 874 00:32:23,908 --> 00:32:24,442 >> PLEASE DO. 875 00:32:24,442 --> 00:32:25,977 >> THE OTHER PIECE OF THIS IS 876 00:32:25,977 --> 00:32:26,811 WHEN YOU ARE TRYING TO 877 00:32:26,811 --> 00:32:28,379 DETERMINE THE DENSITY, YOU 878 00:32:28,379 --> 00:32:29,681 ALSO NEED TO KNOW THE VOLUME, 879 00:32:29,681 --> 00:32:32,483 AND WHAT LUCY IS GOING TO GIVE 880 00:32:32,483 --> 00:32:33,985 US IS A VERY, VERY GOOD 881 00:32:33,985 --> 00:32:34,886 DETERMINATION OF THE VOLUME 882 00:32:34,886 --> 00:32:37,221 FOR OUR TARGETS BUT FROM OUR 883 00:32:37,221 --> 00:32:39,090 IMAGING, FOR THE TARGETS WHERE 884 00:32:39,090 --> 00:32:42,560 WE ALREADY HAVE A PRETTY GOOD 885 00:32:42,560 --> 00:32:44,028 HANDLE ON THE SYSTEM MASS, 886 00:32:44,028 --> 00:32:45,930 WE'LL DO A LITTLE BETTER ON 887 00:32:45,930 --> 00:32:47,298 DETERMINING THE MASS, WE'LL DO 888 00:32:47,298 --> 00:32:48,933 MUCH, MUCH BETTER ON 889 00:32:48,933 --> 00:32:49,600 DETERMINING THE VOLUME. 890 00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:51,336 THAT'S WHAT GIVES US THE 891 00:32:51,336 --> 00:32:53,004 DENSITY MEASUREMENTS. 892 00:32:53,004 --> 00:32:54,205 >> OKAY, THANK YOU. 893 00:32:54,205 --> 00:32:55,940 OKAY, GOING BACK TO SOCIAL 894 00:32:55,940 --> 00:32:56,607 MEDIA. 895 00:32:56,607 --> 00:33:00,611 THIS ONE I'M GOING TO THROW TO 896 00:33:00,611 --> 00:33:00,945 PHIL. 897 00:33:00,945 --> 00:33:03,481 WD ON TWITTER ASKS, I FELL IN 898 00:33:03,481 --> 00:33:06,217 LOVE WITH LUCY'S MISSION AFTER 899 00:33:06,217 --> 00:33:08,720 WORKING ON THE RELATED NASA 900 00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:10,021 SPACE APPS CHALLENGE. 901 00:33:10,021 --> 00:33:11,022 WHAT DO YOU THINK IS CERTAIN 902 00:33:11,022 --> 00:33:14,826 TO BE FOUND ON THESE 903 00:33:14,826 --> 00:33:15,293 ASTEROIDS? 904 00:33:15,293 --> 00:33:19,731 >> I THINK THE THING THAT 905 00:33:19,731 --> 00:33:21,366 WE'RE CERTAIN IS ABOUT IS WE 906 00:33:21,366 --> 00:33:22,834 WILL BE SURPRISED. 907 00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:24,302 THE REASON WE GO TO THE 908 00:33:24,302 --> 00:33:25,570 OBJECTS IS WE DON'T KNOW MUCH 909 00:33:25,570 --> 00:33:27,505 ABOUT THEM, SO EVERYWHERE 910 00:33:27,505 --> 00:33:29,574 WE'VE GONE IN THE SOLAR 911 00:33:29,574 --> 00:33:32,610 SYSTEM, WE'VE BEEN SURPRISED. 912 00:33:32,610 --> 00:33:34,979 AND SO I THINK IT WOULD ALMOST 913 00:33:34,979 --> 00:33:38,349 BE PREMATURE FOR US TO BE 914 00:33:38,349 --> 00:33:39,751 SPECULATING WHAT WE MIGHT 915 00:33:39,751 --> 00:33:40,051 FIND. 916 00:33:40,051 --> 00:33:41,152 THE EXCITEMENT IS WE'RE 917 00:33:41,152 --> 00:33:42,720 EXPLORING, TRYING TO FIGURE 918 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:45,490 OUT WHAT THEY ARE LIKE, SO I 919 00:33:45,490 --> 00:33:47,492 WOULD SAY IT'S SURPRISE IS 920 00:33:47,492 --> 00:33:48,993 WHAT IT'S GOING TO BE THE 921 00:33:48,993 --> 00:33:50,461 THING THEY EXPECT THE MOST. 922 00:33:50,461 --> 00:33:53,064 >> GREAT. 923 00:33:53,064 --> 00:33:55,700 ANYBODY ELSE HAVE ANY 924 00:33:55,700 --> 00:33:56,434 SURPRISES OR ANYTHING YOU 925 00:33:56,434 --> 00:33:59,170 THINK IS CERTAIN TO BE FOUND? 926 00:33:59,170 --> 00:34:01,906 >> WELL, I DON'T KNOW ABOUT 927 00:34:01,906 --> 00:34:02,774 WHAT'S CERTAIN TO BE FOUND, 928 00:34:02,774 --> 00:34:06,811 BUT WE SET OUT WITH A PURPOSE 929 00:34:06,811 --> 00:34:08,713 OF UNDERSTANDING THE DIVERSITY 930 00:34:08,713 --> 00:34:11,115 OF THESE TARGETS, AND SO 931 00:34:11,115 --> 00:34:11,983 THERE'S DIVERSITY IN THE 932 00:34:11,983 --> 00:34:13,151 TROJAN ASTEROIDS AND WE'RE 933 00:34:13,151 --> 00:34:16,320 GOING TO BE SEEING LOTS OF 934 00:34:16,320 --> 00:34:18,423 DIFFERENT TROJAN ASTEROID 935 00:34:18,423 --> 00:34:19,023 TYPES. 936 00:34:19,023 --> 00:34:21,692 REMNANT OF A COLLISION AND 937 00:34:21,692 --> 00:34:23,661 NEAR EQUAL MASS BINARY. 938 00:34:23,661 --> 00:34:26,364 ALSO OBJECTS THAT ARE MORE RED 939 00:34:26,364 --> 00:34:27,498 ON THE SURFACE AND LESS RED ON 940 00:34:27,498 --> 00:34:28,933 THE SURFACE, BUT WE DON'T KNOW 941 00:34:28,933 --> 00:34:32,870 MUCH MORE THAN THAT, LIKE PHIL 942 00:34:32,870 --> 00:34:33,271 SAID. 943 00:34:33,271 --> 00:34:35,973 SO WHAT I THINK WE WILL KNOW 944 00:34:35,973 --> 00:34:37,175 IS WE'LL ADVANCE OUR 945 00:34:37,175 --> 00:34:38,843 UNDERSTANDING BY BEING ABLE TO 946 00:34:38,843 --> 00:34:41,412 MAKE COMPARISONS BETWEEN THESE 947 00:34:41,412 --> 00:34:43,381 OBJECTS, BY SEEING SEVEN 948 00:34:43,381 --> 00:34:44,916 DIFFERENT TROJAN ASTEROIDS, 949 00:34:44,916 --> 00:34:46,951 WE'RE GOING TO MAKE SO MANY 950 00:34:46,951 --> 00:34:48,286 COMPARISONS ABOUT THESE 951 00:34:48,286 --> 00:34:48,653 OBJECTS. 952 00:34:48,653 --> 00:34:49,454 I'M ALSO REALLY LOOKING 953 00:34:49,454 --> 00:34:50,788 FORWARD TO COMPARING THE 954 00:34:50,788 --> 00:34:53,291 TROJAN ASTEROIDS TO OTHER 955 00:34:53,291 --> 00:34:55,326 SMALL BODY POPULATIONS IN OUR 956 00:34:55,326 --> 00:34:56,327 SOLAR SYSTEM. 957 00:34:56,327 --> 00:34:58,696 THERE'S BEEN OTHER GREAT 958 00:34:58,696 --> 00:35:00,531 MISSIONS BY NASA TO THE SMALL 959 00:35:00,531 --> 00:35:01,999 BODY POPULATIONS AND BE ABLE 960 00:35:01,999 --> 00:35:04,836 TO LEVERAGE AND LEARN FROM 961 00:35:04,836 --> 00:35:06,070 THAT AS WELL. 962 00:35:06,070 --> 00:35:08,573 >> OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES 963 00:35:08,573 --> 00:35:11,042 FROM KEN KRAMER, SPACE 964 00:35:11,042 --> 00:35:11,409 UPCLOSE. 965 00:35:11,409 --> 00:35:12,009 GO AHEAD, KEN. 966 00:35:12,009 --> 00:35:15,246 >> HI, THANK YOU FOR DOING 967 00:35:15,246 --> 00:35:16,781 THIS, AND GOOD LUCK WITH THE 968 00:35:16,781 --> 00:35:17,115 LAUNCH. 969 00:35:17,115 --> 00:35:21,452 MY QUESTION FOR HAL WEAVER, 970 00:35:21,452 --> 00:35:27,325 PLEASE, SINCE YOU MENTIONED 971 00:35:27,325 --> 00:35:28,860 ARAKOFF, CAN YOU DESCRIBE THE 972 00:35:28,860 --> 00:35:31,362 FLY-BY SPEEDS OF THE TROJANS 973 00:35:31,362 --> 00:35:33,698 COMPARED TO WHAT YOU FLEW BY 974 00:35:33,698 --> 00:35:36,667 PLUTO AND ARAKOFF AND HOW DO 975 00:35:36,667 --> 00:35:38,636 THE OBJECTS DIFFER, COMPARE 976 00:35:38,636 --> 00:35:41,639 AND CONTRAST THEM TO THE TEST 977 00:35:41,639 --> 00:35:42,974 MOLDS IN THE KUIPER BELT. 978 00:35:42,974 --> 00:35:46,310 >> HI, KEN, THOSE ARE GREAT 979 00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:46,711 QUESTIONS. 980 00:35:46,711 --> 00:35:48,479 AS FAR AS THE FLY-BY SPEEDS 981 00:35:48,479 --> 00:35:49,847 GO, FORTUNATELY WE'LL BE 982 00:35:49,847 --> 00:35:53,818 FLYING BY THE TROJAN OBJECTS 983 00:35:53,818 --> 00:35:57,555 IN ROUGHLY THREE OR FOUR TIMES 984 00:35:57,555 --> 00:36:00,791 SLOWER THAN WHAT WE FLEW BY 985 00:36:00,791 --> 00:36:03,427 ARAKOFF WITH NEW HORIZONS, THE 986 00:36:03,427 --> 00:36:04,795 FASTEST SPACECRAFT EVER TO 987 00:36:04,795 --> 00:36:06,731 LEAVE THE EARTH ON, A BEELINE 988 00:36:06,731 --> 00:36:08,966 TO THE PLUTO SYSTEM AND FLEW 989 00:36:08,966 --> 00:36:10,668 BY ARAKOFF. 990 00:36:10,668 --> 00:36:12,637 THE OTHER ADVANTAGE OF THE 991 00:36:12,637 --> 00:36:15,907 LUCY MISSION IS THAT WE'RE 992 00:36:15,907 --> 00:36:19,110 PLANNING TO GO MUCH CLOSER 993 00:36:19,110 --> 00:36:22,813 AROUND 600 MILES AWAY TO MOST 994 00:36:22,813 --> 00:36:25,316 OF THE TROJANS AS OPPOSED TO 995 00:36:25,316 --> 00:36:28,019 2,000 MILES AWAY FOR THE 996 00:36:28,019 --> 00:36:29,287 ARAKOFF FLY-BY. 997 00:36:29,287 --> 00:36:32,823 SO YOU SAW THAT PICTURE, THE 998 00:36:32,823 --> 00:36:36,527 BEAUTIFUL LLORRI PICTURE OF 999 00:36:36,527 --> 00:36:38,329 ARAKOFF, WE'LL HAVE FOUR TIMES 1000 00:36:38,329 --> 00:36:39,797 BETTER RESOLUTION FOR THE 1001 00:36:39,797 --> 00:36:40,164 TROJANS. 1002 00:36:40,164 --> 00:36:41,832 WE'RE EXCITED TO SEE WHAT KIND 1003 00:36:41,832 --> 00:36:43,935 OF SURFACE DETAILS WE'LL SEE 1004 00:36:43,935 --> 00:36:46,404 ON THESE TROJANS, AND AS CATHY 1005 00:36:46,404 --> 00:36:48,906 WAS SAYING EARLIER AND KEITH 1006 00:36:48,906 --> 00:36:52,009 ALSO, YOU DON'T JUST STOP AT 1007 00:36:52,009 --> 00:36:52,310 ONE. 1008 00:36:52,310 --> 00:36:54,045 YOU HAVE EIGHT DIFFERENT 1009 00:36:54,045 --> 00:36:55,046 OBJECTS TO FLY BY. 1010 00:36:55,046 --> 00:36:58,482 THIS IS PRETTY INCREDIBLE, AND 1011 00:36:58,482 --> 00:37:00,985 IT'S GOING TO BE NEAT TO 1012 00:37:00,985 --> 00:37:04,222 CREATE JUST A WONDERFUL BOOK 1013 00:37:04,222 --> 00:37:07,291 OF WHAT THE TROJAN, WHAT THE 1014 00:37:07,291 --> 00:37:09,093 TROJANS LOOK LIKE, AND THAT 1015 00:37:09,093 --> 00:37:10,895 WILL ENABLE US TO GO TO THE 1016 00:37:10,895 --> 00:37:13,064 NEXT STEP, PERHAPS A MISSION 1017 00:37:13,064 --> 00:37:15,099 LATER, TO ACTUALLY ORBIT ONE 1018 00:37:15,099 --> 00:37:18,302 OF THE MORE INTERESTING ONES 1019 00:37:18,302 --> 00:37:25,376 IN THE TROJAN REGIONS, AND 1020 00:37:25,376 --> 00:37:26,544 KEN, IN COMPARING AND 1021 00:37:26,544 --> 00:37:28,379 CONTRASTING, YEAH, IN THE 1022 00:37:28,379 --> 00:37:30,147 OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, THE 1023 00:37:30,147 --> 00:37:32,650 COLLISIONAL SPEEDS WERE 1024 00:37:32,650 --> 00:37:35,820 GENERALLY LOWER AND SO IN 1025 00:37:35,820 --> 00:37:39,056 ARACOFF'S CASE, YOU HAD THE 1026 00:37:39,056 --> 00:37:40,658 TWO SEPARATE BODIES THAT CAME 1027 00:37:40,658 --> 00:37:41,959 TOGETHER IN A GENTLE 1028 00:37:41,959 --> 00:37:43,060 COLLISION, THE SPEEDS AND THE 1029 00:37:43,060 --> 00:37:44,962 REGIONS WHERE THE TROJANS 1030 00:37:44,962 --> 00:37:47,798 FORMED WERE A BIT HIGHER, AND 1031 00:37:47,798 --> 00:37:49,834 MAYBE, YOU KNOW, THE PHYSICS 1032 00:37:49,834 --> 00:37:52,703 OF THE COLLISION SAYS 1033 00:37:52,703 --> 00:37:54,138 DIFFERENT FOR THAT REASON. 1034 00:37:54,138 --> 00:37:55,506 SO WHO KNOWS WHAT WE'RE GOING 1035 00:37:55,506 --> 00:37:57,708 TO SEE ON THESE OBJECTS. 1036 00:37:57,708 --> 00:38:00,344 THIS IS THE FIRST OPPORTUNITY 1037 00:38:00,344 --> 00:38:04,382 TO LOOK AT THEM CLOSE UP. 1038 00:38:04,382 --> 00:38:07,618 SO, YOU KNOW, IT'S JUST REALLY 1039 00:38:07,618 --> 00:38:07,952 NEAT. 1040 00:38:07,952 --> 00:38:10,288 IN THE 50 YEARS, 55 YEARS OF 1041 00:38:10,288 --> 00:38:12,123 SPACE EXPLORATION BY ROBOTIC 1042 00:38:12,123 --> 00:38:14,091 SPACECRAFT, EVERY TIME WE GO 1043 00:38:14,091 --> 00:38:16,060 TO A NEW BODY WE DISCOVER 1044 00:38:16,060 --> 00:38:18,663 INCREDIBLE NEW THINGS. 1045 00:38:18,663 --> 00:38:20,164 SO I THINK THAT WILL PROVE 1046 00:38:20,164 --> 00:38:22,333 TRUE IN THE CASE OF THE LUCY 1047 00:38:22,333 --> 00:38:22,700 MISSION. 1048 00:38:22,700 --> 00:38:23,901 >> GREAT, THANK YOU SO MUCH. 1049 00:38:23,901 --> 00:38:24,468 >> THANK YOU. 1050 00:38:24,468 --> 00:38:26,203 >> OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES 1051 00:38:26,203 --> 00:38:30,574 FROM MICHAEL GRESHCO, 1052 00:38:30,574 --> 00:38:31,175 "NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC." 1053 00:38:31,175 --> 00:38:31,709 GO AHEAD, MICHAEL. 1054 00:38:31,709 --> 00:38:33,744 >> HI, I THINK THIS IS A 1055 00:38:33,744 --> 00:38:37,248 QUESTION FOR MULTIPLE FOLKS. 1056 00:38:37,248 --> 00:38:40,418 YOU ALL HAVE ALLUDED TO THE 1057 00:38:40,418 --> 00:38:41,986 FACT THAT THESE INSTRUMENTS 1058 00:38:41,986 --> 00:38:43,821 DRAW ON THE HERITAGE OF THE 1059 00:38:43,821 --> 00:38:47,058 NEW HORIZONS MISSION. 1060 00:38:47,058 --> 00:38:49,327 I WAS WONDERING WITH THESE 1061 00:38:49,327 --> 00:38:52,229 INSTRUMENTS AND IN SORT OF THE 1062 00:38:52,229 --> 00:38:53,764 PLANNED USE OF THEM, WHAT 1063 00:38:53,764 --> 00:38:56,934 KINDS OF LESSONS LEARNED THERE 1064 00:38:56,934 --> 00:38:59,136 HAVE BEEN IN EARTH THE DESIGN 1065 00:38:59,136 --> 00:39:02,306 OR THE BUILD OR EVEN SORT OF 1066 00:39:02,306 --> 00:39:05,443 THE DATA PROCESSING LOOKING AT 1067 00:39:05,443 --> 00:39:09,146 NEW HORIZONS? 1068 00:39:09,146 --> 00:39:09,480 THANKS. 1069 00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:12,049 >> I COULD START OFF WITH 1070 00:39:12,049 --> 00:39:12,350 THAT. 1071 00:39:12,350 --> 00:39:14,085 THANKS FOR THOSE QUESTIONS, 1072 00:39:14,085 --> 00:39:14,819 MIKE. 1073 00:39:14,819 --> 00:39:18,522 YEAH, IN THE CASE OF LLORRI 1074 00:39:18,522 --> 00:39:21,592 COMPARED TO LUCY LLORRI, THERE 1075 00:39:21,592 --> 00:39:24,762 WERE SEVERAL LESSONS TO BE 1076 00:39:24,762 --> 00:39:25,863 LEARNED, INCLUDING CHANGES TO 1077 00:39:25,863 --> 00:39:28,065 THE WAY THE ELECTRONICS READS 1078 00:39:28,065 --> 00:39:30,134 OUT DETECTOR. 1079 00:39:30,134 --> 00:39:31,402 WE HAD THESE LITTLE BLACK 1080 00:39:31,402 --> 00:39:34,038 TAILS ON SOME OF THE NEW 1081 00:39:34,038 --> 00:39:37,241 HORIZONS IMAGES THAT WE TOOK 1082 00:39:37,241 --> 00:39:38,976 AND ELIMINATED THAT. 1083 00:39:38,976 --> 00:39:39,810 THAT PARTICULAR ISSUE. 1084 00:39:39,810 --> 00:39:42,680 WE HAD TO ACTUALLY MAKE THE 1085 00:39:42,680 --> 00:39:44,482 TELESCOPE STRONGER THAN WHAT 1086 00:39:44,482 --> 00:39:49,286 WE HAD FOR NEW HORIZONS 1087 00:39:49,286 --> 00:39:50,354 BECAUSE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR 1088 00:39:50,354 --> 00:39:52,590 THE LAUNCH CONDITIONS WERE 1089 00:39:52,590 --> 00:39:55,693 MORE STRENUOUS, AND SO JUST 1090 00:39:55,693 --> 00:40:00,030 WHEREVER -- AND THERE WAS 1091 00:40:00,030 --> 00:40:03,968 MAYBE A PAGE OF VARIOUS 1092 00:40:03,968 --> 00:40:05,035 LESSONS THAT WE LEARNED FROM 1093 00:40:05,035 --> 00:40:07,905 NEW HORIZONS THAT WE TRY TO 1094 00:40:07,905 --> 00:40:10,474 APPLY TO THE LUCY MISSION, SO 1095 00:40:10,474 --> 00:40:14,044 IT'S NICE WHEN YOU CAN DO THAT 1096 00:40:14,044 --> 00:40:15,613 AND MAKE IMPROVEMENTS, AND 1097 00:40:15,613 --> 00:40:17,515 WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO MAKE 1098 00:40:17,515 --> 00:40:22,686 SURE THAT WE REALLY EXECUTED 1099 00:40:22,686 --> 00:40:24,088 SUCCESSFULLY IN THE NEXT YEAR. 1100 00:40:24,088 --> 00:40:26,157 >> YEAH, AND AS FAR AS RALPH 1101 00:40:26,157 --> 00:40:27,591 IS CONCERNED, THERE ACTUALLY 1102 00:40:27,591 --> 00:40:30,161 ARE A FAIR NUMBER OF THINGS. 1103 00:40:30,161 --> 00:40:32,730 FIRST ONE IS WE EXTENDED THE 1104 00:40:32,730 --> 00:40:34,265 WAVELENGTH REGION, SO LOOK IN 1105 00:40:34,265 --> 00:40:36,367 THE AREA WHERE THE 1106 00:40:36,367 --> 00:40:38,269 ORGANIC-TYPE MOLECULES ARE BY 1107 00:40:38,269 --> 00:40:39,136 GOING TO THE LONGER 1108 00:40:39,136 --> 00:40:39,570 WAVELENGTH. 1109 00:40:39,570 --> 00:40:40,871 WE ALSO MADE IT SO WHEN WE DO 1110 00:40:40,871 --> 00:40:44,708 THE MEASUREMENTS IN THE COLORS 1111 00:40:44,708 --> 00:40:47,478 USING MVIC, WE CAN SET THE 1112 00:40:47,478 --> 00:40:49,413 INTEGRATION TIME OF EACH COLOR 1113 00:40:49,413 --> 00:40:50,548 SEPARATELY SO WHEN WE'RE 1114 00:40:50,548 --> 00:40:52,516 SCANNING THROUGH, WE CAN MAKE 1115 00:40:52,516 --> 00:40:53,984 SURE WE GET GOOD SIGNAL TO 1116 00:40:53,984 --> 00:40:56,821 NOISE ON ALL OF THEM BUT ALSO 1117 00:40:56,821 --> 00:40:59,457 MAKE SURE NONE OF THEM ARE 1118 00:40:59,457 --> 00:41:00,958 SATURATED, AND ALSO ADDED A 1119 00:41:00,958 --> 00:41:03,360 MIRROR THAT SCANS THE IMAGE 1120 00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:07,198 ACROSS THE FOCAL PLANES OF 1121 00:41:07,198 --> 00:41:09,633 MVIC AND LEISA AND THE MIRROR 1122 00:41:09,633 --> 00:41:11,202 IS BETTER CONTROLLED IN TERMS 1123 00:41:11,202 --> 00:41:12,970 OF HOW QUICKLY IT MOVES, HOW 1124 00:41:12,970 --> 00:41:15,940 WELL WE KNOW IT MOVES, AND SO 1125 00:41:15,940 --> 00:41:16,874 ON AND SO FORTH. 1126 00:41:16,874 --> 00:41:19,743 THAT ALLOWS US TO SCAN FASTER. 1127 00:41:19,743 --> 00:41:22,813 WE HAVE MORE PIXELS TO SCAN 1128 00:41:22,813 --> 00:41:24,181 FASTER AND GET THE SAME 1129 00:41:24,181 --> 00:41:25,316 INTEGRATION TIME AND GET OUR 1130 00:41:25,316 --> 00:41:26,517 SAME INTENSITY. 1131 00:41:26,517 --> 00:41:28,419 SO ALL THOSE TYPES OF THINGS 1132 00:41:28,419 --> 00:41:32,823 AND THEN ALSO ADDED IN SOME ON 1133 00:41:32,823 --> 00:41:34,592 BOARD MEMORY, SO WE DON'T HAVE 1134 00:41:34,592 --> 00:41:36,494 TO WORRY ABOUT HOW MUCH DATA 1135 00:41:36,494 --> 00:41:39,230 WE'RE TAKING WHEN WE DO A 1136 00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:40,331 FLY-BY AND DUMP TO THE 1137 00:41:40,331 --> 00:41:42,533 SPACECRAFT RIGHT AWAY, WE CAN 1138 00:41:42,533 --> 00:41:45,336 HOLD ONTO IT FOR A WHILE, MAKE 1139 00:41:45,336 --> 00:41:47,538 SURE IT'S THERE AND DUMP IT 1140 00:41:47,538 --> 00:41:47,872 LATER. 1141 00:41:47,872 --> 00:41:50,574 AND THERE ARE OTHER OPTICS 1142 00:41:50,574 --> 00:41:50,941 CHANGES. 1143 00:41:50,941 --> 00:41:52,476 THAT'S THE THING, WE MADE IT 1144 00:41:52,476 --> 00:41:54,678 SO WE CAN DO FASTER, MORE 1145 00:41:54,678 --> 00:41:58,015 UNIFORMED SCANS WITH LONGER 1146 00:41:58,015 --> 00:41:58,482 WAVELENGTHS. 1147 00:41:58,482 --> 00:42:01,185 >> I'D LIKE TO ADD ONE OTHER 1148 00:42:01,185 --> 00:42:02,686 THING, SO WE ALSO ACROSS BOTH 1149 00:42:02,686 --> 00:42:04,922 INSTRUMENTS ADDED WHAT WE CALL 1150 00:42:04,922 --> 00:42:08,325 A TACTICAL UPDATE PARAMETER. 1151 00:42:08,325 --> 00:42:10,060 SO WE DON'T HAVE GREAT 1152 00:42:10,060 --> 00:42:13,397 KNOWLEDGE OF HOW BRIGHT THESE 1153 00:42:13,397 --> 00:42:14,798 OBJECTS ARE, WHEN YOU'RE 1154 00:42:14,798 --> 00:42:17,134 LOOKING AWAY FROM THE SUN, 1155 00:42:17,134 --> 00:42:18,936 BECAUSE FROM EARTH'S VANTAGE 1156 00:42:18,936 --> 00:42:20,437 POINT, YOU'RE ALMOST ALWAYS 1157 00:42:20,437 --> 00:42:21,639 LOOKING NEAR NOONTIME ON THE 1158 00:42:21,639 --> 00:42:23,974 TROJAN ASTEROIDS, AND WE'RE 1159 00:42:23,974 --> 00:42:26,577 GOING TO BE APPROACHING AT THE 1160 00:42:26,577 --> 00:42:28,045 DAY-NIGHT TERMINATOR, SO THE 1161 00:42:28,045 --> 00:42:29,046 LOCATION BETWEEN DAY AND NIGHT 1162 00:42:29,046 --> 00:42:31,682 ON THE OBJECTS, AND THAT'S THE 1163 00:42:31,682 --> 00:42:32,883 ANGLE WE'RE APPROACHING AT, 1164 00:42:32,883 --> 00:42:35,486 AND WE PUT IN A TACTICAL 1165 00:42:35,486 --> 00:42:37,388 UPDATE PARAMETER WHICH ALLOWS 1166 00:42:37,388 --> 00:42:40,224 US TO CHANGE THE EXPOSURE TIME 1167 00:42:40,224 --> 00:42:41,992 ON SELECTED OBSERVATION 1168 00:42:41,992 --> 00:42:43,861 PHYSICAL WE DECIDE, AS WE GET 1169 00:42:43,861 --> 00:42:46,564 CLOSER, THAT WE NEED A LITTLE 1170 00:42:46,564 --> 00:42:48,766 BIT LONGER EXPOSURE OR SHORTER 1171 00:42:48,766 --> 00:42:50,568 EXPOSURE TIME TO ADJUST THE 1172 00:42:50,568 --> 00:42:52,870 SIGNAL AND NOISE OF OUR 1173 00:42:52,870 --> 00:42:53,837 OBSERVATIONS BECAUSE WE HAVE 1174 00:42:53,837 --> 00:42:56,974 TO KEEP THIS IN MIND, IT'S A 1175 00:42:56,974 --> 00:42:57,908 RECONNAISSANCE MISSION. 1176 00:42:57,908 --> 00:42:59,476 WE'VE NEVER SEEN THESE OBJECTS 1177 00:42:59,476 --> 00:43:00,277 UPCLOSE, AND THIS IS ONE OF 1178 00:43:00,277 --> 00:43:02,580 THE THINGS WE'RE DOING TO MAKE 1179 00:43:02,580 --> 00:43:05,849 SURE THAT WE HAVE A ROBUST AND 1180 00:43:05,849 --> 00:43:07,151 RESILIENT CONCEPT OF 1181 00:43:07,151 --> 00:43:10,421 OPERATIONS SO WE CAN BE 1182 00:43:10,421 --> 00:43:14,358 SUCCESSFUL IN OUR SCIENTIFIC 1183 00:43:14,358 --> 00:43:14,692 RETURN. 1184 00:43:14,692 --> 00:43:15,059 >> OKAY. 1185 00:43:15,059 --> 00:43:16,360 OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES FROM 1186 00:43:16,360 --> 00:43:17,828 SOCIAL MEDIA. 1187 00:43:17,828 --> 00:43:20,431 ELIZABETH ON TWITTER ASKS, HOW 1188 00:43:20,431 --> 00:43:23,701 WILL YOU FIND OUT WHERE IN THE 1189 00:43:23,701 --> 00:43:25,135 SOLAR SYSTEM OR POSSIBLY 1190 00:43:25,135 --> 00:43:26,904 BEYOND THE TROJANS ORIGINATED 1191 00:43:26,904 --> 00:43:28,372 AND HOW THEY GOT TO WHERE THEY 1192 00:43:28,372 --> 00:43:29,406 ARE TODAY? 1193 00:43:29,406 --> 00:43:32,009 ALSO, ARE THERE ANY PLANS FOR 1194 00:43:32,009 --> 00:43:36,580 LUCY ONCE PRIMARY MISSION IS 1195 00:43:36,580 --> 00:43:36,981 COMPLETE? 1196 00:43:36,981 --> 00:43:38,616 >> I CAN START AND YOU GUYS 1197 00:43:38,616 --> 00:43:39,717 CAN CHIME IN. 1198 00:43:39,717 --> 00:43:42,219 I'M SURE WE ALL HAVE SOMETHING 1199 00:43:42,219 --> 00:43:42,987 TO SAY THERE. 1200 00:43:42,987 --> 00:43:46,557 SO THERE'S LOTS OF INDICATORS 1201 00:43:46,557 --> 00:43:48,492 ABOUT WHERE OBJECTS FORMED IN 1202 00:43:48,492 --> 00:43:50,894 THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 1203 00:43:50,894 --> 00:43:52,863 THINGS LIKE, IF YOU SEE ICES 1204 00:43:52,863 --> 00:43:53,631 ON THE SURFACE, AND THERE'S 1205 00:43:53,631 --> 00:43:55,532 DIFFERENT TYPES OF ICES, WATER 1206 00:43:55,532 --> 00:43:57,935 ICE AND METHANE ICE AND OTHER 1207 00:43:57,935 --> 00:44:00,237 ICES, AND MANY OF THOSE ARE 1208 00:44:00,237 --> 00:44:01,839 REALLY ONLY STABLE MUCH 1209 00:44:01,839 --> 00:44:03,474 FURTHER OUT IN THE SOLAR 1210 00:44:03,474 --> 00:44:04,975 SYSTEM THAN THE TROJAN 1211 00:44:04,975 --> 00:44:06,276 ASTEROIDS ARE AT NOW. 1212 00:44:06,276 --> 00:44:09,213 SO IF WE WERE TO LOOK INSIDE, 1213 00:44:09,213 --> 00:44:11,482 SAY, A FRESH CRATER LIKE I WAS 1214 00:44:11,482 --> 00:44:13,317 TALKING ABOUT PREVIOUSLY, A 1215 00:44:13,317 --> 00:44:15,619 CRATER LESS THAN 100 MILLION 1216 00:44:15,619 --> 00:44:17,421 YEARS OLD AND WERE TO SEE SOME 1217 00:44:17,421 --> 00:44:21,392 SPECIFIC ICES, THAT WOULD BE A 1218 00:44:21,392 --> 00:44:23,927 GREAT INDICATOR THAT THE 1219 00:44:23,927 --> 00:44:25,963 TROJAN ASTEROIDS FORMED 1220 00:44:25,963 --> 00:44:27,131 FURTHER AWAY. 1221 00:44:27,131 --> 00:44:28,532 DENSITY IS ANOTHER SUCH 1222 00:44:28,532 --> 00:44:30,034 INDICATOR, BUT THERE'S NO 1223 00:44:30,034 --> 00:44:31,468 SINGLE MEASUREMENT THAT WILL 1224 00:44:31,468 --> 00:44:32,970 TELL US EXACTLY. 1225 00:44:32,970 --> 00:44:35,673 THAT'S WHY WE NEED A SUITE OF 1226 00:44:35,673 --> 00:44:44,448 INSTRUMENTS TO PUT THE PUZZLE 1227 00:44:44,448 --> 00:44:44,848 TOGETHER. 1228 00:44:44,848 --> 00:44:46,650 >> WOULD ANYBODY ELSE LIKE TO 1229 00:44:46,650 --> 00:44:47,084 CHIME IN? 1230 00:44:47,084 --> 00:44:49,520 >> CATHY DID A GREAT JOB. 1231 00:44:49,520 --> 00:44:51,689 >> CATHY TOOK CARE OF ALL OF 1232 00:44:51,689 --> 00:44:51,955 IT. 1233 00:44:51,955 --> 00:44:53,991 >> ONE EXTRA THING IS A LOT OF 1234 00:44:53,991 --> 00:44:55,259 THE PUBLIC MIGHT NOT RECOGNIZE 1235 00:44:55,259 --> 00:44:56,460 THERE'S BEEN A REVOLUTION IN 1236 00:44:56,460 --> 00:44:59,329 OUR IDEAS HOW THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1237 00:44:59,329 --> 00:44:59,663 FORMED. 1238 00:44:59,663 --> 00:45:01,131 IN THE FIRST TEN BILLION YEARS 1239 00:45:01,131 --> 00:45:02,733 OR SO, THAT INSTEAD OF THE 1240 00:45:02,733 --> 00:45:03,934 OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1241 00:45:03,934 --> 00:45:07,137 BEING WHERE THEY ARE NOW, IT 1242 00:45:07,137 --> 00:45:10,074 WAS ACTUALLY A LOT OF RADIAL 1243 00:45:10,074 --> 00:45:11,775 MIGRATION, THE GIANT PLANETS 1244 00:45:11,775 --> 00:45:13,377 CAME IN TOWARDS THE SUN AND 1245 00:45:13,377 --> 00:45:16,880 BACK OUT AGAIN, REALLY MIXING 1246 00:45:16,880 --> 00:45:18,816 EVERYTHING UP, AND YOU KNOW, 1247 00:45:18,816 --> 00:45:20,050 THAT'S THE REASON WHY WE THINK 1248 00:45:20,050 --> 00:45:23,487 WE HAVE SUCH DIVERSITY IN THE 1249 00:45:23,487 --> 00:45:23,854 TROJANS. 1250 00:45:23,854 --> 00:45:24,855 IT COLLECTED IN THESE 1251 00:45:24,855 --> 00:45:27,591 GRAVITATIONAL RUTS, SO TO 1252 00:45:27,591 --> 00:45:29,359 SPEAK, OBJECTS THAT FORMED IN 1253 00:45:29,359 --> 00:45:32,262 MULTIPLE DIFFERENT DISTANCES 1254 00:45:32,262 --> 00:45:35,532 FROM THE SUN, AND, IN FACT, A 1255 00:45:35,532 --> 00:45:38,202 PRIMARY REASON WHY THE TROJANS 1256 00:45:38,202 --> 00:45:39,236 ARE SO INTERESTING. 1257 00:45:39,236 --> 00:45:40,404 >> OKAY. 1258 00:45:40,404 --> 00:45:43,407 WE HAVE ELIZABETH RAIN FROM 1259 00:45:43,407 --> 00:45:45,142 SCI-FI WIRE IS ASKING, IF SOME 1260 00:45:45,142 --> 00:45:47,444 OF THE TROJANS WERE PIECES OF 1261 00:45:47,444 --> 00:45:49,913 FORMER PLANETS, HOW WILL YOU 1262 00:45:49,913 --> 00:45:53,417 BE ABLE TO FIND THAT OUT? 1263 00:45:53,417 --> 00:45:56,887 TOSS THAT OVER TO KEITH. 1264 00:45:56,887 --> 00:45:58,155 >> I DON'T THINK -- SO IT'S 1265 00:45:58,155 --> 00:45:59,723 SORT OF THE OPPOSITE WAY WE 1266 00:45:59,723 --> 00:46:01,258 THINK ABOUT THEM NOW, AND I'LL 1267 00:46:01,258 --> 00:46:02,960 ADD ON A LITTLE BIT TO WHAT 1268 00:46:02,960 --> 00:46:04,261 CATHY WAS SAYING. 1269 00:46:04,261 --> 00:46:06,463 WHEN WE FLY BY, THERE ISN'T 1270 00:46:06,463 --> 00:46:08,065 GOING TO BE A LABEL ON THE 1271 00:46:08,065 --> 00:46:10,300 OBJECT SAYING MADE IN THE 1272 00:46:10,300 --> 00:46:12,836 OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM WITH, A 1273 00:46:12,836 --> 00:46:13,237 DATE STAMP. 1274 00:46:13,237 --> 00:46:15,606 SO IT REALLY IS PUTTING 1275 00:46:15,606 --> 00:46:16,874 TOGETHER CLUES AND REALLY ALL 1276 00:46:16,874 --> 00:46:18,809 WE CAN DO IS GET ALL THE DATA 1277 00:46:18,809 --> 00:46:21,111 THAT WE CAN GET, BUT WE DO 1278 00:46:21,111 --> 00:46:23,747 HAVE AN EVOLVING AND PRETTY 1279 00:46:23,747 --> 00:46:24,548 GOOD UNDERSTANDING OF HOW 1280 00:46:24,548 --> 00:46:26,416 GIANT PLANETS AND PLANETS IN 1281 00:46:26,416 --> 00:46:29,419 THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 1282 00:46:29,419 --> 00:46:30,821 AND WE DON'T THINK THAT THESE 1283 00:46:30,821 --> 00:46:33,824 OBJECTS IN THE OUTER 1284 00:46:33,824 --> 00:46:35,425 PROTOPLANETARY EVER FORMED A 1285 00:46:35,425 --> 00:46:35,793 PLANET. 1286 00:46:35,793 --> 00:46:37,694 THEY WOULD HAVE IF THEY HAD 1287 00:46:37,694 --> 00:46:39,763 BEEN LEFT ALONE LONG ENOUGH, 1288 00:46:39,763 --> 00:46:41,365 BUT WHEN THE GIANT PLANETS 1289 00:46:41,365 --> 00:46:43,400 STARTED MOVING AROUND AND 1290 00:46:43,400 --> 00:46:45,102 SHUFFLED UP REMAINING STUFF, 1291 00:46:45,102 --> 00:46:46,470 DATA GOT SCATTERED. 1292 00:46:46,470 --> 00:46:47,805 MOST OF THEM ARE LOST 1293 00:46:47,805 --> 00:46:48,739 COMPLETELY FROM THE SOLAR 1294 00:46:48,739 --> 00:46:51,008 SYSTEM, SOME ENDED UP IN THE 1295 00:46:51,008 --> 00:46:51,809 KUIPER BELT. 1296 00:46:51,809 --> 00:46:53,377 SOME GOT TRAPPED IN THE 1297 00:46:53,377 --> 00:46:54,578 TROJANS, BUT PIECING THAT 1298 00:46:54,578 --> 00:46:56,246 STORY TOGETHER AND LOOKING FOR 1299 00:46:56,246 --> 00:46:57,981 EVIDENCE THAT EITHER SUPPORTS 1300 00:46:57,981 --> 00:47:00,684 THAT OR REJECTS THAT 1301 00:47:00,684 --> 00:47:01,518 HYPOTHESIS, THAT'S WHAT WE'RE 1302 00:47:01,518 --> 00:47:03,187 GOING TO DO AND WE'RE GOING TO 1303 00:47:03,187 --> 00:47:05,956 GATHER THE DATA AND SEE WHERE 1304 00:47:05,956 --> 00:47:09,092 THE DATA LEAD US. 1305 00:47:09,092 --> 00:47:10,494 >> OKAY. 1306 00:47:10,494 --> 00:47:11,929 FROM SOCIAL MEDIA AGAIN, HOW 1307 00:47:11,929 --> 00:47:14,198 CLOSE WILL LUCY GET TO THE 1308 00:47:14,198 --> 00:47:16,700 EARTH WHEN IT COMES BACK FOR 1309 00:47:16,700 --> 00:47:20,470 GRAVITY ASSIST? 1310 00:47:20,470 --> 00:47:20,838 CATHY? 1311 00:47:20,838 --> 00:47:24,341 >> WE HAVE THREE EARTH GRAVITY 1312 00:47:24,341 --> 00:47:26,777 ASSISTS, AS WE'RE FLYING ON 1313 00:47:26,777 --> 00:47:28,812 OUR TRAJECTORY OF NEARLY 4 1314 00:47:28,812 --> 00:47:30,914 BILLION MILES, AND OUR FIRST 1315 00:47:30,914 --> 00:47:32,816 EARTH GRAVITY ASSIST IS THE 1316 00:47:32,816 --> 00:47:33,250 CLOSEST. 1317 00:47:33,250 --> 00:47:35,519 WE COME BACK NEAR THE EARTH 1318 00:47:35,519 --> 00:47:37,688 ABOUT A YEAR FROM NOW, AND 1319 00:47:37,688 --> 00:47:41,625 WE'RE GOING TO FLY BY AT 300 1320 00:47:41,625 --> 00:47:44,761 KILOMETERS BOTH THE EARTH'S 1321 00:47:44,761 --> 00:47:45,128 SURFACE. 1322 00:47:45,128 --> 00:47:46,530 THIS IS VERY CLOSE. 1323 00:47:46,530 --> 00:47:50,434 IT'S UNDER MANY SATELLITES, 1324 00:47:50,434 --> 00:47:52,269 UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 1325 00:47:52,269 --> 00:47:52,636 STATION. 1326 00:47:52,636 --> 00:47:53,370 UNDER THE HUBBLE SPACE 1327 00:47:53,370 --> 00:47:53,770 TELESCOPE. 1328 00:47:53,770 --> 00:47:55,606 SO WE'RE GOING TO COME BACK 1329 00:47:55,606 --> 00:47:57,207 BY, WE'RE GOING TO FLY BY AND 1330 00:47:57,207 --> 00:47:58,308 HEAD OUT. 1331 00:47:58,308 --> 00:48:00,110 ACTUALLY, I'M HOPING TO MAYBE 1332 00:48:00,110 --> 00:48:02,846 BE ABLE TO GO NEAR WHERE IT 1333 00:48:02,846 --> 00:48:04,548 FLIES PAST AND LOOK UP AT THE 1334 00:48:04,548 --> 00:48:07,551 SKY AND SEE LUCY FLYING BY A 1335 00:48:07,551 --> 00:48:09,119 YEAR FROM NOW. 1336 00:48:09,119 --> 00:48:10,921 IT'S REALLY INTERESTING THAT 1337 00:48:10,921 --> 00:48:12,556 OUR SPACECRAFT WILL CYCLE FROM 1338 00:48:12,556 --> 00:48:14,324 THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE 1339 00:48:14,324 --> 00:48:16,393 OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, AND IT'S 1340 00:48:16,393 --> 00:48:18,662 GOING TO CONTINUE TO DO THAT 1341 00:48:18,662 --> 00:48:21,365 IN A SIX-YEAR CADENCE. 1342 00:48:21,365 --> 00:48:21,865 >> OKAY. 1343 00:48:21,865 --> 00:48:23,867 THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE 1344 00:48:23,867 --> 00:48:24,902 FOR TODAY. 1345 00:48:24,902 --> 00:48:28,572 THANK YOU TO THE MEDIA AND TO 1346 00:48:28,572 --> 00:48:30,374 OUR ENTHUSIASTS ON SOCIAL 1347 00:48:30,374 --> 00:48:31,541 MEDIA FOR THE QUESTIONS AND TO 1348 00:48:31,541 --> 00:48:32,309 OUR PANEL. 1349 00:48:32,309 --> 00:48:34,177 PLEASE JOIN US AT 3:00 P.M. 1350 00:48:34,177 --> 00:48:35,812 EASTERN FOR THE LUCY 1351 00:48:35,812 --> 00:48:37,381 ENGINEERING BRIEFING. 1352 00:48:37,381 --> 00:48:39,583 YOU CAN FIND ALL OF OUR FULL 1353 00:48:39,583 --> 00:48:41,118 LUCY PROGRAMMING LINEUP AND 1354 00:48:41,118 --> 00:48:45,155 MISSION UPDATES AT 1355 00:48:45,155 --> 00:48:45,656 NASA.GOV/LUCY. 1356 00:48:45,656 --> 00:48:46,890 YOU CAN ALSO KEEP THE 1357 00:48:46,890 --> 00:48:51,962 CONVERSATION GOING ON SOCIAL 1358 00:48:51,962 --> 00:48:52,996 MEDIA, USING THE #LUCY 1359 00:48:52,996 --> 00:48:54,698 MISSION, AND BE SURE TO SET 1360 00:48:54,698 --> 00:48:56,733 YOUR ALARMS EARLY TO WATCH 1361 00:48:56,733 --> 00:48:58,435 LUCY LAUNCH ON SATURDAY 1362 00:48:58,435 --> 00:49:00,137 MORNING OCTOBER 16. 1363 00:49:00,137 --> 00:49:02,406 LIVE COVERAGE BEGINS AT 5:00 1364 00:49:02,406 --> 00:49:05,142 A.M. EASTERN WITH LIFTOFF 1365 00:49:05,142 --> 00:49:08,045 SCHEDULED FOR 5:34 A.M. 1366 00:49:08,045 --> 00:49:08,412 EASTERN. 1367 00:49:08,412 --> 00:49:09,613 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING 1368 00:49:09,613 --> 00:49:09,913 US. 1369 00:49:09,913 --> 00:49:13,283 GO NASA AND GO LUCY.