1 00:00:53,136 --> 00:00:55,305 >>> HELLO AND WELCOME. 2 00:00:55,305 --> 00:00:58,007 WE ARE HERE AT NASA'S KENNEDY 3 00:00:58,007 --> 00:00:59,309 SPACE CENTER IN FLORIDA TO TALK 4 00:00:59,309 --> 00:01:03,613 ABOUT NASA'S NEWEST MISSION THE 5 00:01:03,613 --> 00:01:07,851 ICON EXPLORER SHORT FOR 6 00:01:07,851 --> 00:01:10,920 IONOSPHERIC CONNECTION EXPLORER 7 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:11,554 LAUNCHING TOMORROW NIGHT. 8 00:01:11,554 --> 00:01:13,590 IT WILL STUDY THE IONOSPHERE, 9 00:01:13,590 --> 00:01:16,559 THE LOWEST REGION OF SPACE OVER 10 00:01:16,559 --> 00:01:17,660 LAPPING WITH THE UPPER FEAR PEER 11 00:01:17,660 --> 00:01:19,562 WITH TERRESTRIAL WEATHER 12 00:01:19,562 --> 00:01:21,664 INTERACTS WITH SPACE WEATHER. 13 00:01:21,664 --> 00:01:24,467 WE CARE ABOUT IT BECAUSE OUR 14 00:01:24,467 --> 00:01:25,235 ASTRONAUTS TRAVEL THROUGH AND 15 00:01:25,235 --> 00:01:29,139 OUR GPS SIGNALS AND RADIO 16 00:01:29,139 --> 00:01:30,373 COMMUNICATIONS BOUNCE OFF OF IT. 17 00:01:30,373 --> 00:01:32,342 IT IS.TO OUR INTERESTS. 18 00:01:32,342 --> 00:01:33,877 WE'LL HAVE A COUPLE OF PANELS TO 19 00:01:33,877 --> 00:01:35,545 TALK ABOUT IT. 20 00:01:35,545 --> 00:01:37,180 STARTING WITH THE SCIENCE THAT 21 00:01:37,180 --> 00:01:39,616 IS GOING TO BE DONE ITSELF AS 22 00:01:39,616 --> 00:01:40,984 TALKING ABOUT THE SPACECRAFT. 23 00:01:40,984 --> 00:01:42,519 WE ARE GOING TO HAVE A PANEL TO 24 00:01:42,519 --> 00:01:44,053 FOCUS THE LAUNCH AND WHAT 25 00:01:44,053 --> 00:01:45,155 GOTITOUS THIS POINT AND OUR 26 00:01:45,155 --> 00:01:47,323 FINAL PANEL WILL TALK ABOUT THE 27 00:01:47,323 --> 00:01:49,425 WEATHER AND WHAT WE CAN EXPECT 28 00:01:49,425 --> 00:01:51,161 TOMORROW NIGHT. 29 00:01:51,161 --> 00:01:53,563 WE WILL BE TAKING QUESTIONS 30 00:01:53,563 --> 00:01:55,765 AFTER EACH PANEL FOR JUST THOSE 31 00:01:55,765 --> 00:01:56,099 PEOPLE. 32 00:01:56,099 --> 00:01:59,903 FROM THE ROOM AND FROM THE PHONE 33 00:01:59,903 --> 00:02:00,904 AT THAT POINT. 34 00:02:00,904 --> 00:02:01,905 LET'S GET STARTED. 35 00:02:01,905 --> 00:02:05,942 WE HAVE UPHERE NIKKI FOX THE 36 00:02:05,942 --> 00:02:08,444 DIRECTOR FOR HELIOPHYSICS AT 37 00:02:08,444 --> 00:02:10,213 NASA HEADQUARTERS IN WASHINGTON, 38 00:02:10,213 --> 00:02:10,480 D.C. 39 00:02:10,480 --> 00:02:13,683 TOM EMLE THE PRINCIPAL 40 00:02:13,683 --> 00:02:14,884 INVESTIGATOR FOR ICON. 41 00:02:14,884 --> 00:02:21,591 AND WE HAVE STEVE GRIME WITH 42 00:02:21,591 --> 00:02:23,426 NORTHRUP GRUMMAN. 43 00:02:23,426 --> 00:02:24,928 WITH THAT NIKKI, I WILL START 44 00:02:24,928 --> 00:02:26,996 WITH YOU. GIVE US CONTEXT. 45 00:02:26,996 --> 00:02:29,899 WHY DOES NASA WANT TO STUDY THE 46 00:02:29,899 --> 00:02:30,433 IONOSPHERE. 47 00:02:30,433 --> 00:02:32,936 >> THE STUDY OF HELIOPHYSIC 48 00:02:32,936 --> 00:02:34,003 SYSTEM STUDYING EVERYTHING UNDER 49 00:02:34,003 --> 00:02:34,437 THE SUN. 50 00:02:34,437 --> 00:02:36,639 IT IS EVERYTHING THE SUN HAS AN 51 00:02:36,639 --> 00:02:38,174 IMPACT ON ALL THE WAY THROUGH 52 00:02:38,174 --> 00:02:40,810 OUR PLANET AND THE EDGE OF OUR 53 00:02:40,810 --> 00:02:41,311 SOLAR SYSTEM. 54 00:02:41,311 --> 00:02:43,913 THE SUN HAS A PROFOUND IMPACT ON 55 00:02:43,913 --> 00:02:44,614 OUR ATMOSPHERE. 56 00:02:44,614 --> 00:02:47,150 IN FACT, IT IONIZES IT. 57 00:02:47,150 --> 00:02:48,651 IT TAKES THE MOLLUL COOS THERE 58 00:02:48,651 --> 00:02:50,119 AND GIVES THEM A CHARGE. 59 00:02:50,119 --> 00:02:52,822 WE CALL THAT THE IONOSPHERE. 60 00:02:52,822 --> 00:02:56,359 IT IS IMPORTANT TO STUD 61 00:02:56,359 --> 00:02:56,726 THEREGION. 62 00:02:56,726 --> 00:02:58,561 IT'S INTERESTING PHYSICS IS 63 00:02:58,561 --> 00:03:00,964 GOING ON AND IT IS LIKE HAVING 64 00:03:00,964 --> 00:03:02,365 A PLASMA LAB IN OUR BACKYARD 65 00:03:02,365 --> 00:03:04,133 JUST A FEW HUNDRED MILES UP AND 66 00:03:04,133 --> 00:03:05,168 WE GET TO THE LAB. 67 00:03:05,168 --> 00:03:08,838 IT IS, AS YOU NOTED, VERY 68 00:03:08,838 --> 00:03:10,306 IMPORTANT THE SPACE WEATHER. 69 00:03:10,306 --> 00:03:12,308 IT'S WHERE WE SEE AURORA. 70 00:03:12,308 --> 00:03:14,310 IT IS ONE BIG SIGN THERE IS 71 00:03:14,310 --> 00:03:16,379 A BIG SPACE WEATHER EVENT 72 00:03:16,379 --> 00:03:16,813 HAPPENING. 73 00:03:16,813 --> 00:03:19,549 ALSO WE USE THE IONOSPHERE TO 74 00:03:19,549 --> 00:03:21,384 BOUNCE RADIO SIGNALS OFF IT AND 75 00:03:21,384 --> 00:03:23,686 IF WE COULD BRING UP THE VIDEO 76 00:03:23,686 --> 00:03:25,722 OF THE RADIO SIGNALS, PLEASE AM 77 00:03:25,722 --> 00:03:28,191 YOU SEE THEM BOUNCE OFF IT. 78 00:03:28,191 --> 00:03:31,127 WE SEND OUR GPS SIGNALS THROUGH. 79 00:03:31,127 --> 00:03:33,363 IT THIS IONOSPHERE IS 80 00:03:33,363 --> 00:03:35,298 CONTINUALLY CHANGING AND IS VERY 81 00:03:35,298 --> 00:03:35,632 DYNAMIC. 82 00:03:35,632 --> 00:03:37,333 THAT CAN HAVE A BIG IMPATH ON 83 00:03:37,333 --> 00:03:39,569 OUR ABILITY TO DO THESE TYPE OF 84 00:03:39,569 --> 00:03:40,003 COMMUNICATION. 85 00:03:40,003 --> 00:03:41,537 NOT JUSTICE IS IT A GREAT PLACE 86 00:03:41,537 --> 00:03:44,741 TO GO AND STUDY PLASMA PHYSICS 87 00:03:44,741 --> 00:03:46,342 BUT HAS A BIG SPACE WEATHER 88 00:03:46,342 --> 00:03:47,076 IMPACT ON US. 89 00:03:47,076 --> 00:03:48,945 WE CAN'T WAIT. 90 00:03:48,945 --> 00:03:51,147 >> ONE THING WE TALKED ABOUT 91 00:03:51,147 --> 00:03:52,582 YESTERDAY WE MENTION IS NASA IS 92 00:03:52,582 --> 00:03:54,284 GOING TO THE MOON IN 2024 WITH 93 00:03:54,284 --> 00:03:55,952 THE ARTEMIS MISSION AND THIS 94 00:03:55,952 --> 00:03:58,221 RELATES TO THAT AS WELL. 95 00:03:58,221 --> 00:03:58,721 >> ABSOLUTELY. 96 00:03:58,721 --> 00:04:00,223 THE BIG THING FOR US IS MAKING 97 00:04:00,223 --> 00:04:02,191 SURE OUR ASTRONAUTS AND OUR 98 00:04:02,191 --> 00:04:04,727 HARDWARE GOING UP TO DO THIS 99 00:04:04,727 --> 00:04:06,996 INCREDIBLE ARTEMIS MISSION WE 100 00:04:06,996 --> 00:04:08,932 ARE ALL EXCITED ABOUT, 2024, 101 00:04:08,932 --> 00:04:11,000 THAT WE PROTECT THEM. 102 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:13,903 AND PROTECTING ASTRONAUTS IS 103 00:04:13,903 --> 00:04:15,638 A GOAL OF NASA AND UNDERSTANDING 104 00:04:15,638 --> 00:04:17,740 THIS REGION THEY HAVE TO FLY 105 00:04:17,740 --> 00:04:18,775 THROUGH AND ALL THE 106 00:04:18,775 --> 00:04:19,809 COMMUNICATIONS WILL WORK THROUGH 107 00:04:19,809 --> 00:04:22,011 IS PARAMOUNT TO US. 108 00:04:22,011 --> 00:04:24,280 >> AND TOM, YOU AND I WERE 109 00:04:24,280 --> 00:04:26,149 HAVING CONVERSATION ABOUT OTHER 110 00:04:26,149 --> 00:04:27,884 REASONS TO BE EXCITED ABOUT THE 111 00:04:27,884 --> 00:04:28,351 IONOSPHERE. 112 00:04:28,351 --> 00:04:30,520 >> LIKE NIKKI SAY, IT'S 113 00:04:30,520 --> 00:04:34,757 A REMARKABLE PHYSICS LABORATORY. 114 00:04:34,757 --> 00:04:36,526 OUR ASTRONAUTS SPEND ALL OF 115 00:04:36,526 --> 00:04:38,061 THEIR TIME IN THE IONOSPHERE. 116 00:04:38,061 --> 00:04:39,829 THE CONDITIONS, MANY OF THE 117 00:04:39,829 --> 00:04:41,364 IMAGES WE HAVE TODAY TO SHARE 118 00:04:41,364 --> 00:04:44,767 ARE TAKEN BY ASTRONAUTS AND THE 119 00:04:44,767 --> 00:04:46,869 SPACE STATION OF THE REMARKABLE 120 00:04:46,869 --> 00:04:48,504 CONDITIONS IN THE UPPER 121 00:04:48,504 --> 00:04:49,339 ATMOSPHERE YOU CAN SEE WITH YOUR 122 00:04:49,339 --> 00:04:51,841 OWN EYES. 123 00:04:51,841 --> 00:04:54,043 >> IT'S DIFRESULT TO STUDY, 124 00:04:54,043 --> 00:04:54,410 CORRECT? 125 00:04:54,410 --> 00:04:56,546 >> WE HAVE ANOTHER GRAPHIC FOR 126 00:04:56,546 --> 00:05:00,049 THAT THAT SHOWS THE REGION OF 127 00:05:00,049 --> 00:05:00,416 INTERESTS. 128 00:05:00,416 --> 00:05:01,617 THE IONOSPHERE STARTS WITH THE 129 00:05:01,617 --> 00:05:03,920 EDGE OF SPACE, ABOUT 130 00:05:03,920 --> 00:05:04,387 100-KILOMETERS. 131 00:05:04,387 --> 00:05:06,389 WHAT IS REMARKABLE ABOUT THAT 132 00:05:06,389 --> 00:05:08,057 RECENTLYON IS IT STARTS TO GLOW 133 00:05:08,057 --> 00:05:09,258 FROM THERE UPWARDS. 134 00:05:09,258 --> 00:05:12,095 THE GRAPHIC SHOWS THE DIFFERENT 135 00:05:12,095 --> 00:05:13,229 EMISSIONS OF THE UPPER 136 00:05:13,229 --> 00:05:14,864 ATMOSPHERE WE HAVE. 137 00:05:14,864 --> 00:05:16,799 IT IS DIFFICULT TO GET THERE 138 00:05:16,799 --> 00:05:18,201 WITH AN AIRPLANE, OBVIOUSLY. 139 00:05:18,201 --> 00:05:20,403 YOU CAN'T GET TO SPACE WITH JUST 140 00:05:20,403 --> 00:05:21,237 A REGULAR PLANE. 141 00:05:21,237 --> 00:05:23,506 THE PEGASUS, WE'LL HEAR ABOUT 142 00:05:23,506 --> 00:05:25,441 THAT LATER, FROM AN AIRPLANE, 143 00:05:25,441 --> 00:05:27,844 BUT IT HAS TO BE A ROCKET. 144 00:05:27,844 --> 00:05:30,780 TELL LAUNCH ICON IN MUCH HIGHER 145 00:05:30,780 --> 00:05:32,281 ALTITUDES AND LOOK ALL THE WAY 146 00:05:32,281 --> 00:05:35,651 DOWN TO THE BOUNDARY OF SPACE 147 00:05:35,651 --> 00:05:37,820 WHERE THOSE LOWER ORBITS ARE 148 00:05:37,820 --> 00:05:39,422 IMPOSSIBLE TO PUT A SATELLITE 149 00:05:39,422 --> 00:05:40,957 UPTHERE AS WELL. 150 00:05:40,957 --> 00:05:43,026 >> TELL US MORE, NIKKI, ABOUT 151 00:05:43,026 --> 00:05:44,494 THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS THAT ICON 152 00:05:44,494 --> 00:05:46,929 IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO TACKLE. 153 00:05:46,929 --> 00:05:48,064 >> WE TPAUBGSED ABOUT THE FACT 154 00:05:48,064 --> 00:05:50,033 THERE IS THIS IONOSPHERE AND IT 155 00:05:50,033 --> 00:05:51,167 IS VERY DYNAMIC. 156 00:05:51,167 --> 00:05:52,869 BECAUSE IT IS VERY DYNAMIC WE 157 00:05:52,869 --> 00:05:54,604 WANT TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND 158 00:05:54,604 --> 00:05:54,871 IT. 159 00:05:54,871 --> 00:05:55,838 IT'S A MYSTERY. 160 00:05:55,838 --> 00:05:57,740 WHY IS IT SO DYNAMIC? 161 00:05:57,740 --> 00:05:59,142 PROBABLY UNTIL ABOUT 10 YEARS 162 00:05:59,142 --> 00:06:01,110 AGO WE REALLY THOUGHT THAT 163 00:06:01,110 --> 00:06:03,212 EVERYTHING THAT WAS GOING ON, 164 00:06:03,212 --> 00:06:04,947 ALL OF THE CHANGES IN THION 165 00:06:04,947 --> 00:06:06,682 SPHERE WERE DRIVEN BY THE SUN 166 00:06:06,682 --> 00:06:08,384 AND SOLAR WIND ENTERING THE 167 00:06:08,384 --> 00:06:10,953 ATMOSPHERE AND CAUSING THESE 168 00:06:10,953 --> 00:06:11,821 CONTINUAL CHANGES. 169 00:06:11,821 --> 00:06:15,658 THEN AS WE STUDIED MORE AND MORE 170 00:06:15,658 --> 00:06:17,894 THE SHEER AMOUNT OF DYNAMICS 171 00:06:17,894 --> 00:06:19,695 GOING ON AND THE SHEER AMOUNT OF 172 00:06:19,695 --> 00:06:21,097 ENERGY IS TOO MUCH TO BE JUST 173 00:06:21,097 --> 00:06:22,465 COMEING FROM THE SUN. 174 00:06:22,465 --> 00:06:24,834 AND SO WE REALIZE IT IS THE 175 00:06:24,834 --> 00:06:26,602 WEATHER WE EXPERIENCE HERE ON 176 00:06:26,602 --> 00:06:26,903 EARTH. 177 00:06:26,903 --> 00:06:29,005 THERE ARE HURRICANE, TORNADOES, 178 00:06:29,005 --> 00:06:30,540 BIG WEATHER SYSTEMS THAT ARE 179 00:06:30,540 --> 00:06:32,942 ACTUALLY KIND OF FORCING UP FROM 180 00:06:32,942 --> 00:06:35,011 BELOW AND THEN MEETING THIS 181 00:06:35,011 --> 00:06:36,979 SPACE WEATHER COMING IN FROM 182 00:06:36,979 --> 00:06:39,615 ABOVE IT AND THIS MIXING REGION 183 00:06:39,615 --> 00:06:41,851 OF WHERE THE TWO WEATHER 184 00:06:41,851 --> 00:06:43,653 SYSTEMS, SPACE WEATHER AND 185 00:06:43,653 --> 00:06:44,854 TERRESTRIAL WEATHER ARE MIXING 186 00:06:44,854 --> 00:06:45,221 TOGETHER. 187 00:06:45,221 --> 00:06:46,122 IT'S IMPORTANT TO GO AND 188 00:06:46,122 --> 00:06:46,756 UNDERSTAND THAT. 189 00:06:46,756 --> 00:06:49,692 WE DIDN'T REALIZE UNTIL RECENTLY 190 00:06:49,692 --> 00:06:52,295 THAT WE HAD THIS EXTRA SORT OF 191 00:06:52,295 --> 00:06:53,496 ENERGY INPUT. 192 00:06:53,496 --> 00:06:54,263 WE ARE EXCITED. 193 00:06:54,263 --> 00:06:55,798 WE HAVE BEEN BUILDING THIS 194 00:06:55,798 --> 00:06:57,867 SKPHEUGZ PLANING THIS MISSION 195 00:06:57,867 --> 00:06:59,168 SINCE 2013 AND SO WE CAN'T WAIT 196 00:06:59,168 --> 00:07:01,370 FOR IT TO LAUNCH TOMORROW NIGHT. 197 00:07:01,370 --> 00:07:02,805 >> ALL RIGHT, SO THERE IS SO 198 00:07:02,805 --> 00:07:04,974 MUCH TO DISCOVER IN THIS REGION. 199 00:07:04,974 --> 00:07:06,409 WE HAVEN'T HAD A CHANCE TO LOOK 200 00:07:06,409 --> 00:07:08,144 AT IT THOROUGHLY BEFORE. 201 00:07:08,144 --> 00:07:10,446 HOW IS ICON GOING TO GET 202 00:07:10,446 --> 00:07:11,747 UNPRECEDENTED VIEWS AND 203 00:07:11,747 --> 00:07:15,084 OBSERVATIONS OF THIS REGION? 204 00:07:15,084 --> 00:07:17,987 >> ICON CARRIES INNOVATIVE 205 00:07:17,987 --> 00:07:18,387 INSTRUMENTS. 206 00:07:18,387 --> 00:07:19,822 CARRYING THE LARGEST INSTRUMENTS 207 00:07:19,822 --> 00:07:23,226 WE COULD PUT IN THE FERRING OF 208 00:07:23,226 --> 00:07:23,860 THE PEGASUS. 209 00:07:23,860 --> 00:07:27,263 WE LOOK DOWN FROM OUR ORBIT 210 00:07:27,263 --> 00:07:29,832 THROE60 -- 360 MILES ALTITUDE 211 00:07:29,832 --> 00:07:38,074 WITH DIFFERENT IMAGER, 212 00:07:38,074 --> 00:07:44,180 ULTRAVILOT AND INTER FERROMETER. 213 00:07:44,180 --> 00:07:47,049 AND THE SUN IS IONIZING THE 214 00:07:47,049 --> 00:07:49,218 UPPER ATMOSPHERE, THAT'S WHY IT 215 00:07:49,218 --> 00:07:49,519 GLOWS. 216 00:07:49,519 --> 00:07:51,621 IF WE HAVE A MOVIE, I THINK OF 217 00:07:51,621 --> 00:07:53,156 SOME THE AIR GLOWING FROM THE 218 00:07:53,156 --> 00:07:53,923 SPACE STATIONS. 219 00:07:53,923 --> 00:07:57,627 HERE YOU CAN SEE THE RED GLOW IS 220 00:07:57,627 --> 00:08:00,663 STRIATED AND LOOKS LIKE THE 221 00:08:00,663 --> 00:08:04,066 AURORA, BUT IT'S NOT. 222 00:08:04,066 --> 00:08:07,770 IT'S DUE TO DIFFERENT PROCESSES. 223 00:08:07,770 --> 00:08:10,206 THE GLOW FROM THE PEAK OF THE 224 00:08:10,206 --> 00:08:10,640 IONOSPHERE. 225 00:08:10,640 --> 00:08:12,375 THE GREEN GLOW IS THE BOUNDARY 226 00:08:12,375 --> 00:08:13,376 OF SPACE ITSELF. 227 00:08:13,376 --> 00:08:15,244 A CHEMICAL GLOW THAT STARTS WITH 228 00:08:15,244 --> 00:08:16,479 CHEMISTRY DRIVEN BY THE SUN. 229 00:08:16,479 --> 00:08:18,915 ALL THE SCIENCE TARGETS ARE 230 00:08:18,915 --> 00:08:19,482 SITTING RIGHT THERE. 231 00:08:19,482 --> 00:08:22,285 WE ARE LOOKING AT THE CHANGE IN 232 00:08:22,285 --> 00:08:25,154 THE COLOR AND RED AND GREEN IF 233 00:08:25,154 --> 00:08:25,955 THE AIR IS MOVING TOWARD US OR 234 00:08:25,955 --> 00:08:26,422 AWAY FROM US. 235 00:08:26,422 --> 00:08:28,758 IT IS VERY PRECISE MEASUREMENTS 236 00:08:28,758 --> 00:08:31,327 WE HAVE TO MAKE. 237 00:08:31,327 --> 00:08:32,929 WE CARRY AN INSTRUMENT TO 238 00:08:32,929 --> 00:08:35,231 MEASURE CONDITIONS AT THE 239 00:08:35,231 --> 00:08:37,166 IONOSPHERE TO MAKE CONNECTIONS 240 00:08:37,166 --> 00:08:38,501 WITH THE TOP OF THE IONOSPHERE 241 00:08:38,501 --> 00:08:41,237 TO THE BOTTOM OFT IONOSPHERE. 242 00:08:41,237 --> 00:08:44,974 >> OF COURSE, THIS IS NOT THE 243 00:08:44,974 --> 00:08:48,344 ONLY WAY WE ARE STUDYING. 244 00:08:48,344 --> 00:08:51,914 GIVE US THE LARGER PICTURE. 245 00:08:51,914 --> 00:08:52,582 >> A GOLD IMAGER. 246 00:08:52,582 --> 00:08:56,052 IT SITS ON A COMMUNICATIONS 247 00:08:56,052 --> 00:08:59,822 SATELLITE AND GIVES US FULL 248 00:08:59,822 --> 00:09:02,325 HEMISPHERIC IMAGES OF AIR GLOW 249 00:09:02,325 --> 00:09:02,925 LIKE TOM TALKED ABOUT. 250 00:09:02,925 --> 00:09:05,361 ALL THE DIFFERENT PLASMA THAT IS 251 00:09:05,361 --> 00:09:09,332 IN THIS REGION GIVING US THIS 252 00:09:09,332 --> 00:09:12,935 FULL DISC VIEW. 253 00:09:12,935 --> 00:09:15,905 ICON WILL COME ALONG AND PROVIDE 254 00:09:15,905 --> 00:09:17,240 THE MEASUREMENTS FLYING RIGHT 255 00:09:17,240 --> 00:09:18,574 THROUGH SOME OF THE PLASMA 256 00:09:18,574 --> 00:09:20,409 BUBBLES WE HAVE BEEN IMAGING 257 00:09:20,409 --> 00:09:22,278 WITH GOLD FOR NEARLY A YEAR NOW 258 00:09:22,278 --> 00:09:24,347 AND THE REMOTE SENSING OF 259 00:09:24,347 --> 00:09:25,982 LOOKING RIGHT DOWN THROUGH THE 260 00:09:25,982 --> 00:09:27,416 IONOSPHERE AT ALL THE DIFFERENT 261 00:09:27,416 --> 00:09:27,750 LAYERS. 262 00:09:27,750 --> 00:09:30,019 IT IS A WONDERFUL PARTNERSHIP WE 263 00:09:30,019 --> 00:09:30,419 WILL HAVE. 264 00:09:30,419 --> 00:09:32,521 OF COURSE, LOOKING FORWARD TO 265 00:09:32,521 --> 00:09:33,723 THE FUTURE WE ARE LAUNCHING IN 266 00:09:33,723 --> 00:09:35,925 A FEW YEARS A GRAVITY WAVE 267 00:09:35,925 --> 00:09:37,560 EXPERIMENT THAT WILL GO UP THAT 268 00:09:37,560 --> 00:09:40,096 WILL GO IN THE ISS AND LOOKING 269 00:09:40,096 --> 00:09:46,969 FURTHER FORWARD TO GEOSPACE AND 270 00:09:46,969 --> 00:09:48,838 LOOKING AT THE MISSIONS COMING 271 00:09:48,838 --> 00:09:49,171 ON-LINE. 272 00:09:49,171 --> 00:09:50,573 THIS PROTECTIVE LAYER. 273 00:09:50,573 --> 00:09:51,407 THE TOP OF OUR ATMOSPHERE. 274 00:09:51,407 --> 00:09:55,278 IT IS OUR FRONTIER WITH SPACE. 275 00:09:55,278 --> 00:09:56,879 >> I WOULD SECOND THAT. 276 00:09:56,879 --> 00:09:58,981 I THINK THAT GOLD IS A GREAT 277 00:09:58,981 --> 00:10:01,017 ASSET FOR ICON, IN FACT. 278 00:10:01,017 --> 00:10:03,586 IF YOU SHOW THE MOVIE AGAIN, IT 279 00:10:03,586 --> 00:10:07,089 SHOWS THE CORRESPONDENCE WHAT WE 280 00:10:07,089 --> 00:10:11,060 HAVE FOR SPACE WEATHER 281 00:10:11,060 --> 00:10:14,430 COORDINATED WITH CLOSE UP AND 282 00:10:14,430 --> 00:10:15,631 LOOKING AT SPACE WEATHER THAT 283 00:10:15,631 --> 00:10:20,269 HAPPENS WITH HURRICANES. 284 00:10:20,269 --> 00:10:23,839 WE FLY AIRPLANES INTO THE 285 00:10:23,839 --> 00:10:24,940 HURRICANES TO SAMPLE THEM AND 286 00:10:24,940 --> 00:10:27,877 GAIN MORE INFORMATION AND THAT'S 287 00:10:27,877 --> 00:10:31,213 WHERE ICON AND GOLD WILL BE ABLE 288 00:10:31,213 --> 00:10:32,815 TO COMBINE AND DO FOR SPACE 289 00:10:32,815 --> 00:10:33,149 WEATHER. 290 00:10:33,149 --> 00:10:34,784 >> TAKE US DEEPER INTO THE 291 00:10:34,784 --> 00:10:36,252 SPACECRAFT AND HOW ALL THE PARTS 292 00:10:36,252 --> 00:10:37,720 WILL WORK TOGETHER AND WE MIGHT 293 00:10:37,720 --> 00:10:39,922 GO AFTER THAT TO STEVE TO TALK 294 00:10:39,922 --> 00:10:43,292 ABOUT HOW NORTHRUP GRUMMAN 295 00:10:43,292 --> 00:10:46,228 BROUGHT THIS INTO FRUITION. 296 00:10:46,228 --> 00:10:49,865 >> WE HAVE AN IMAGE OF THE 297 00:10:49,865 --> 00:10:51,400 SPACECRAFT OBSERVATORY WHICH IS 298 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:54,570 NOW THE PAY LOAD FOR THE PEGASUS 299 00:10:54,570 --> 00:10:55,771 WRAPPED UP AND READY TO GO 300 00:10:55,771 --> 00:10:58,074 BEFORE THE FERRING GOES ON THE 301 00:10:58,074 --> 00:10:58,441 PEGASUS. 302 00:10:58,441 --> 00:11:00,209 YOU SEE THE SOLAR PANELS AND 303 00:11:00,209 --> 00:11:02,244 THEY UNFURL AND GIVE US THE 304 00:11:02,244 --> 00:11:02,578 POWER. 305 00:11:02,578 --> 00:11:03,979 THE INSTRUMENTS ARE EXPOSED AT 306 00:11:03,979 --> 00:11:04,347 THE TOP. 307 00:11:04,347 --> 00:11:05,915 THEY WILL BE ON THE BOTTOM SIDE 308 00:11:05,915 --> 00:11:09,051 OF THE SPACECRAFT POINTED DOWN. 309 00:11:09,051 --> 00:11:11,854 THIS SHOWS THEM CLEARLY WITH THE 310 00:11:11,854 --> 00:11:13,389 SOLAR PANELS REMOVED. 311 00:11:13,389 --> 00:11:15,491 WE ARE CONNECTED AND PUT THE PAY 312 00:11:15,491 --> 00:11:17,360 LOAD TOGETHER AT THE TOP AND 313 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:21,263 PASS IT OFF TO NORTHRUP WHO DID 314 00:11:21,263 --> 00:11:22,998 THE REST OF THE WORK TO BUILD UP 315 00:11:22,998 --> 00:11:24,100 THE OBSERVATORY. 316 00:11:24,100 --> 00:11:24,834 >> THANK YOU, TOM. 317 00:11:24,834 --> 00:11:26,469 I WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU AND 318 00:11:26,469 --> 00:11:28,137 THE WHOLE TEAM THE UC BERKELEY 319 00:11:28,137 --> 00:11:30,773 AND BILL CRAIG, PROGRAM MANAGER, 320 00:11:30,773 --> 00:11:33,275 WHO JUST THE LEADERSHIP AND 321 00:11:33,275 --> 00:11:35,678 EXCEPTIONAL DRIVE TO GET THIS 322 00:11:35,678 --> 00:11:38,881 PROGRAM COMPLEATED WAS REALLY 323 00:11:38,881 --> 00:11:40,282 EXCEPTIONAL AND NIKKI, THE TEAM 324 00:11:40,282 --> 00:11:42,618 AT NASA HEADQUARTERS. 325 00:11:42,618 --> 00:11:46,288 THE SUPPORT FOR THE MISSION HAS 326 00:11:46,288 --> 00:11:48,491 BEEN EXCEPTIONAL. 327 00:11:48,491 --> 00:11:50,159 THANK YOU FOR THAT. 328 00:11:50,159 --> 00:11:52,194 I WOULD BE REMISS IF I DIDN'T 329 00:11:52,194 --> 00:11:53,996 THANK THE EXPLORER'S OFFICE AS 330 00:11:53,996 --> 00:11:56,098 WELL AND THE TEAM AT NASA 331 00:11:56,098 --> 00:11:57,933 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER WITH 332 00:11:57,933 --> 00:12:01,137 THE TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND 333 00:12:01,137 --> 00:12:04,073 EXPERTISE. 334 00:12:04,073 --> 00:12:06,242 IF WE CAN GO BACK TO THE IMAGE. 335 00:12:06,242 --> 00:12:07,676 WE ARE PROUD. 336 00:12:07,676 --> 00:12:09,645 ICON MISSION AND THE SUCCESS WE 337 00:12:09,645 --> 00:12:11,947 HAVE HAD IN DEVELOPING THAT. 338 00:12:11,947 --> 00:12:15,785 IT BUILDS ON A 35 YEAR LEGACY OF 339 00:12:15,785 --> 00:12:17,953 SUCCESS IN PROVIDING SUCCESSFUL 340 00:12:17,953 --> 00:12:20,256 MISSIONS TO NASA AND THE SCIENCE 341 00:12:20,256 --> 00:12:20,756 COMMUNITY. 342 00:12:20,756 --> 00:12:24,960 THE ICON MISSION IS A WORK HORSE 343 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:28,030 FOR THE SMALL AND MID-SIZED 344 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:28,798 EXPLORER MISSIONS. 345 00:12:28,798 --> 00:12:30,766 THE LATEST WAS THE TEST MISSION 346 00:12:30,766 --> 00:12:31,967 THAT LAUNCHED FROM THE CAPE ON 347 00:12:31,967 --> 00:12:34,303 APRIL OF LAST YEAR. 348 00:12:34,303 --> 00:12:42,244 AND THAT IS DOING WELL IN 349 00:12:42,244 --> 00:12:44,447 MISSION UTILITY AND OVER ALL 350 00:12:44,447 --> 00:12:44,747 VALUE. 351 00:12:44,747 --> 00:12:46,549 THIS IS A HIGH CAPABILITY BUS 352 00:12:46,549 --> 00:12:48,284 FOR THE ICON MISSION. 353 00:12:48,284 --> 00:12:51,654 FUSTART AT THE BOTTOM, IT IS 354 00:12:51,654 --> 00:12:53,722 WHAT WE CALL THE SPACECRAFT BUS 355 00:12:53,722 --> 00:12:55,458 THAT PROVIDES THE ATTITUDE 356 00:12:55,458 --> 00:12:57,460 CONTROL, STABILITY, POSITIONING, 357 00:12:57,460 --> 00:12:59,028 THE POINTING OF THE INSTRUMENTS 358 00:12:59,028 --> 00:13:02,131 TO MAKE SURE WE GET MAXIMUM 359 00:13:02,131 --> 00:13:03,232 SCIENCE UTILITY. 360 00:13:03,232 --> 00:13:05,534 TOM MENTIONED THE SOLAR RAYS. 361 00:13:05,534 --> 00:13:07,603 THEY ARE LIKE THOSE MOST PHONES 362 00:13:07,603 --> 00:13:10,473 HAVE ON THEIR HOUSES THESE DAYS. 363 00:13:10,473 --> 00:13:12,408 THEY TAKE SOLER ENERGY AND 364 00:13:12,408 --> 00:13:13,943 CONVERT IT TO CURRENT ENERGY 365 00:13:13,943 --> 00:13:15,478 THAT POWERS THE SPACECRAFT AND 366 00:13:15,478 --> 00:13:18,113 ALLOW ITS TO FUNCTION. 367 00:13:18,113 --> 00:13:19,815 A MASTER COMPUTER THAT CONTROLS 368 00:13:19,815 --> 00:13:21,517 THE SPACECRAFT AND DOES THE 369 00:13:21,517 --> 00:13:22,551 FUNCTIONALITY AND IN ADDITION TO 370 00:13:22,551 --> 00:13:26,856 THE S-BAND COMMUNICATION LINKS 371 00:13:26,856 --> 00:13:28,624 TO DOWNLOAD IT AND UPLOAD 372 00:13:28,624 --> 00:13:29,725 COMMANDS FROM THE GROUND. 373 00:13:29,725 --> 00:13:31,994 IT'S A REALLY COMPACT SCIENCE 374 00:13:31,994 --> 00:13:32,361 PLATFORM. 375 00:13:32,361 --> 00:13:33,662 IT'S ABOUT THE SIZE IN MASS 376 00:13:33,662 --> 00:13:35,731 WEIGHT IF YOU WILL OF YOUR 377 00:13:35,731 --> 00:13:38,367 REFRIGERATOR AT HOME WITH MORE 378 00:13:38,367 --> 00:13:39,502 FUNCTIONALITY, OF COURSE. 379 00:13:39,502 --> 00:13:43,272 THE SPACECRAFT, THE BUS, 380 00:13:43,272 --> 00:13:45,140 INTEGRATED ALL OF THE 381 00:13:45,140 --> 00:13:48,077 INSTRUMENTS THAT BECAME THE 382 00:13:48,077 --> 00:13:48,611 OBSERVATORY THAT. 383 00:13:48,611 --> 00:13:50,379 HAS BEEN TESTED, VERIFIED AND 384 00:13:50,379 --> 00:13:51,480 CERTIFIEDLET I'M HAPPY TO REPORT 385 00:13:51,480 --> 00:13:53,682 WE ARE NOW GO FOR LAUNCH. 386 00:13:53,682 --> 00:13:54,984 IF THE WEATHER IS SUCCESSFUL 387 00:13:54,984 --> 00:13:56,952 TOMORROW THIS WILL BE THE 9TH 388 00:13:56,952 --> 00:14:00,122 MISSION NORTHRUPGRUMMAN HAS 389 00:14:00,122 --> 00:14:01,323 PROVIDED THE FULL TURN KEY 390 00:14:01,323 --> 00:14:03,259 SOLUTION TO, I MEAN THE 391 00:14:03,259 --> 00:14:07,296 SPACECRAFT AND FULL 392 00:14:07,296 --> 00:14:08,531 CERTIFICATION AND LAUNCH SURFACE 393 00:14:08,531 --> 00:14:08,964 AS WELL. 394 00:14:08,964 --> 00:14:10,833 WE ARE EXCITED AT THE CAPE AND 395 00:14:10,833 --> 00:14:12,668 UC BERKELEY AND MISSION CONTROL 396 00:14:12,668 --> 00:14:13,002 CENTER. 397 00:14:13,002 --> 00:14:14,637 I LOOK FORWARD TO MATERIAL 398 00:14:14,637 --> 00:14:15,070 EVENING. 399 00:14:15,070 --> 00:14:18,107 >> FAN -- TOMORROW EVENING. 400 00:14:18,107 --> 00:14:18,607 >> FANTASTIC. 401 00:14:18,607 --> 00:14:20,309 WE HAVE ONE LAST QUESTION UP 402 00:14:20,309 --> 00:14:21,644 HERE, WHICH IS NIKKI, YOU HAVE 403 00:14:21,644 --> 00:14:23,579 TALKED ABOUT OVER SEEING THIS 404 00:14:23,579 --> 00:14:26,181 LARGE HELIOPHYSICS PORTFOLIO. 405 00:14:26,181 --> 00:14:28,284 GIVE US ANOTHER STEP BACK OF HOW 406 00:14:28,284 --> 00:14:29,385 ALL THIS FITS TOGETHER. 407 00:14:29,385 --> 00:14:33,255 >> I HAVE TO SAY BEING 408 00:14:33,255 --> 00:14:34,723 A HELIOPHYSICS DIRECTOR IS 409 00:14:34,723 --> 00:14:35,090 FABULOUS. 410 00:14:35,090 --> 00:14:38,894 I HAVE ALL THESE IMPORTANT KEY 411 00:14:38,894 --> 00:14:39,261 LOCATIONS. 412 00:14:39,261 --> 00:14:41,130 THE SOLAR PROBE LAUNCHING LAST 413 00:14:41,130 --> 00:14:43,098 YEAR IN AUGUST UP IN THE COROANA 414 00:14:43,098 --> 00:14:44,633 TELLING US EVERYTHING THAT IS 415 00:14:44,633 --> 00:14:46,435 HELPING WITH OUR STAR. 416 00:14:46,435 --> 00:14:48,003 AND THE IMPORTANT THING, OF 417 00:14:48,003 --> 00:14:50,139 COURSE SWHAT THAT IS DOING TO US 418 00:14:50,139 --> 00:14:52,708 HERE ON EARTH AND SHAPING OUR 419 00:14:52,708 --> 00:14:54,577 VERY SORT OF PROTECTIVE BUBBLE 420 00:14:54,577 --> 00:14:56,645 WE TRAVEL AROUND THE MILKY WAY 421 00:14:56,645 --> 00:14:57,112 IN. 422 00:14:57,112 --> 00:14:59,048 WE HAVE VOYAGER ALL THE WAY OUT 423 00:14:59,048 --> 00:14:59,348 THERE. 424 00:14:59,348 --> 00:15:02,217 BUT WE HAVE ALL THESE KEY 425 00:15:02,217 --> 00:15:04,353 LOCATIONS REALLY COVERED WELL 426 00:15:04,353 --> 00:15:08,657 BOTH ICON AND AS TOM MENTIONED, 427 00:15:08,657 --> 00:15:11,527 ICON AND GOLD WILL PUT NEW 428 00:15:11,527 --> 00:15:12,361 MEASUREMENTS TOGETHER TO PUT IN 429 00:15:12,361 --> 00:15:15,364 OUR MODELS THAT WILL MAKE 430 00:15:15,364 --> 00:15:20,402 TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS TO 431 00:15:20,402 --> 00:15:21,604 PREDICT SPACE WEATHER AND 432 00:15:21,604 --> 00:15:22,805 PROTECTING OUR ASTRONAUTS IN 433 00:15:22,805 --> 00:15:23,138 SPACE. 434 00:15:23,138 --> 00:15:25,941 IT IS A GREAT TIME TO BE 435 00:15:25,941 --> 00:15:26,442 A HELIOPHYSICIST. 436 00:15:26,442 --> 00:15:31,180 TO WRAP UP, GO PEGASUS, GO ICON. 437 00:15:31,180 --> 00:15:31,680 >> FANTASTIC. 438 00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:32,081 THANK YOU. 439 00:15:32,081 --> 00:15:33,082 WE'LL TAKE QUESTIONS FROM THE 440 00:15:33,082 --> 00:15:42,925 ROOM FOR STARTERS. 441 00:15:42,925 --> 00:15:45,127 >> THE MISSION IS TWO YEARS LATE 442 00:15:45,127 --> 00:15:47,796 AND WONDERING HAS IT EVOLVED 443 00:15:47,796 --> 00:15:49,398 SCIENTIFICALLY DURING THAT TIME? 444 00:15:49,398 --> 00:15:51,133 HAVE YOU TWEAKED THE 445 00:15:51,133 --> 00:15:53,535 INSTRUMENTS, ADDED NEW PURPOSE, 446 00:15:53,535 --> 00:15:53,902 WHATEVER? 447 00:15:53,902 --> 00:15:55,204 ANY CHANGES IN THAT REGARD? 448 00:15:55,204 --> 00:15:57,139 AND THE LATEST MISSION COST, IF 449 00:15:57,139 --> 00:16:00,209 YOU COULD REVIEW THAT TOO. 450 00:16:00,209 --> 00:16:01,677 >> SO WE HAVEN'T CHANGED ANY OF 451 00:16:01,677 --> 00:16:03,278 THE INSTRUMENTS, THEY ARE STILL 452 00:16:03,278 --> 00:16:06,015 PERFECT AND JUST AS THEY WERE 453 00:16:06,015 --> 00:16:06,382 DESIGNED. 454 00:16:06,382 --> 00:16:07,249 I HAVE TO SAY, TKWR-RBGS HAS 455 00:16:07,249 --> 00:16:08,851 BEEN A TWO YEAR DELAY. 456 00:16:08,851 --> 00:16:11,020 WE HAVE LEARNED MORE SCIENCE, 457 00:16:11,020 --> 00:16:13,355 GOLD WE HAVE A YEAR'S WORTH OF 458 00:16:13,355 --> 00:16:14,456 GOLD IMAGES. 459 00:16:14,456 --> 00:16:16,291 IF ANYTHING WE ARE A LITTLE MORE 460 00:16:16,291 --> 00:16:18,594 EXCITED ABOUT WHAT ICON IS GOING 461 00:16:18,594 --> 00:16:23,165 TO BRING TO US. 462 00:16:23,165 --> 00:16:24,800 AND NO CHANGE TO THE DESIGN OF 463 00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:26,769 THE SPACECRAFT OR INSTRUMENTS AT 464 00:16:26,769 --> 00:16:27,036 ALL. 465 00:16:27,036 --> 00:16:29,304 BUT MORE EXCITEMENT IN THE 466 00:16:29,304 --> 00:16:30,406 SCIENCE. 467 00:16:30,406 --> 00:16:31,407 >> THE MISSION COSTS? 468 00:16:31,407 --> 00:16:32,007 >> I CAN'T. 469 00:16:32,007 --> 00:16:34,443 IT IS STILL -- WE HAVE NOT 470 00:16:34,443 --> 00:16:35,978 DISCOVER TODAY TO BE OVER WHAT 471 00:16:35,978 --> 00:16:37,613 IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE. 472 00:16:37,613 --> 00:16:40,282 >> DESPITE THE DELAY. 473 00:16:40,282 --> 00:16:41,984 >> AND WE CAN GET YOU THE 474 00:16:41,984 --> 00:16:43,318 NUMBERS FOR SURE AFTER. 475 00:16:43,318 --> 00:16:44,953 >> YES. 476 00:16:44,953 --> 00:16:48,390 >> THE GENTLEMAN BEHIND. 477 00:16:48,390 --> 00:16:49,525 >> STEVEN CLARK FROM SPACE 478 00:16:49,525 --> 00:16:50,392 FLIGHT NOW. 479 00:16:50,392 --> 00:16:55,564 TOM OR NIKKI COULD TALK ABOUT 480 00:16:55,564 --> 00:16:57,399 HOW OBSERVATIONS FROM ICON COULD 481 00:16:57,399 --> 00:16:59,768 HELP SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION 482 00:16:59,768 --> 00:17:01,036 SPECIFICALLY IN FORECASTING 483 00:17:01,036 --> 00:17:03,739 VERSUS JUST LEARNING HOW THE 484 00:17:03,739 --> 00:17:05,507 PLASMA LAB WORKS. 485 00:17:05,507 --> 00:17:08,477 >> IT REALLY IS BENEFITING THE 486 00:17:08,477 --> 00:17:08,844 MODELING. 487 00:17:08,844 --> 00:17:10,312 OBVIOUSLY WHEN YOU FLY THROUGH 488 00:17:10,312 --> 00:17:12,347 THE NEW REGIONS YOU ARE GETTING 489 00:17:12,347 --> 00:17:13,816 NEW INFORMATION AND YOU START TO 490 00:17:13,816 --> 00:17:15,584 UNDERSTAND THE SCIENCE MUCH 491 00:17:15,584 --> 00:17:16,051 BETTER. 492 00:17:16,051 --> 00:17:16,719 SPECIFICALLY FOR THE SPACE 493 00:17:16,719 --> 00:17:18,153 WEATHER WE HAVE MODELS THAT GO 494 00:17:18,153 --> 00:17:20,923 FROM THE SUN TO THE MUD AND 495 00:17:20,923 --> 00:17:22,891 KNOW, WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO MAKE 496 00:17:22,891 --> 00:17:24,560 SURE WE ARE PUTTING THE RIGHT 497 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:25,427 PHYSICS IN. 498 00:17:25,427 --> 00:17:26,195 GETTING THIS UNDERSTANDING OF 499 00:17:26,195 --> 00:17:27,830 WHAT IS GOING ON AND HOW THE 500 00:17:27,830 --> 00:17:29,064 TERRESTRIAL WEATHER AND SPACE 501 00:17:29,064 --> 00:17:30,599 WEATHER ARE MIXING TOGETHER, YOU 502 00:17:30,599 --> 00:17:32,634 PUT EXACTLY THE RIGHT PHYSICS IN 503 00:17:32,634 --> 00:17:34,369 THE MODELS AND THEN YOU CAN 504 00:17:34,369 --> 00:17:36,572 DRIVE THEM WHERE YOU KNOW WHAT 505 00:17:36,572 --> 00:17:37,773 IS HANKING AT THE SUN WITH THE 506 00:17:37,773 --> 00:17:40,876 PARKER SOLAR PROBE AND DRIVE THE 507 00:17:40,876 --> 00:17:43,545 THE MODELS USING THE SOLAR DATA 508 00:17:43,545 --> 00:17:45,647 AND YOU HAVE A MUCH MORE 509 00:17:45,647 --> 00:17:47,683 ACCURATE PREDICTION OF WHAT THAT 510 00:17:47,683 --> 00:17:48,383 SOLAR WIND IS GOING TO BE 511 00:17:48,383 --> 00:17:51,253 DRIVING IN THIS REGION. 512 00:17:51,253 --> 00:17:54,323 TOM, WOULD YOU LIKE TO ADD? 513 00:17:54,323 --> 00:17:55,457 >> SPACE WEATHER WE THINK OF 514 00:17:55,457 --> 00:17:58,894 LIKE A REALLY LARGE SOLAR FLARE 515 00:17:58,894 --> 00:18:01,530 THAT ARRIVES AT EARTH AND CAUSES 516 00:18:01,530 --> 00:18:01,930 DISRUPTION. 517 00:18:01,930 --> 00:18:03,065 THAT'S A SPACE STORM. 518 00:18:03,065 --> 00:18:04,600 SPACE WEATHER IS THE CHANGES ONE 519 00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:06,668 DAY FROM THE NEXT IN THE 520 00:18:06,668 --> 00:18:07,069 IONOSPHERE. 521 00:18:07,069 --> 00:18:09,238 AND AS WE DISCUSSED WE THOUGHT 522 00:18:09,238 --> 00:18:11,774 THAT WOULD BE NOT THAT EXCITING, 523 00:18:11,774 --> 00:18:16,845 BUT NEAR THE EQUATOR IT CHANGES 524 00:18:16,845 --> 00:18:18,213 DRASTICALLY FROM ONE DAY TO THE 525 00:18:18,213 --> 00:18:18,714 NEXT. 526 00:18:18,714 --> 00:18:20,549 IT IMPLIES THERE IS CHANGES IN 527 00:18:20,549 --> 00:18:21,784 THE WINDS FROM ONE DAY TO THE 528 00:18:21,784 --> 00:18:24,019 NEXT PUSHING THE PLASMA THIS WAY 529 00:18:24,019 --> 00:18:24,853 OR THAT WAY. 530 00:18:24,853 --> 00:18:26,955 THAT'S NOT BUILT IN ANY OF OUR 531 00:18:26,955 --> 00:18:29,691 CAPE ABLTSS OR MODELS FOR 532 00:18:29,691 --> 00:18:30,759 PREDICTION RIGHT NOW. 533 00:18:30,759 --> 00:18:32,394 IF WE ACTUALLY SEE THE WIND 534 00:18:32,394 --> 00:18:34,630 BLOWING EAST ONE DAY AND WEST 535 00:18:34,630 --> 00:18:36,431 THE OTHER, THAT WOULD BE 536 00:18:36,431 --> 00:18:38,066 A SURPRISING RESULT IN AND OF 537 00:18:38,066 --> 00:18:38,400 ITSELF. 538 00:18:38,400 --> 00:18:40,335 AND MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF THE 539 00:18:40,335 --> 00:18:42,805 WINDS IMMEDIATELY. 540 00:18:42,805 --> 00:18:45,174 THERE ARE SUN TO MUD MODELS 541 00:18:45,174 --> 00:18:48,877 TRYING TO CAPTURE THIS 542 00:18:48,877 --> 00:18:50,212 CAPEABILITY IF THERE IS 543 00:18:50,212 --> 00:18:51,713 SOMETHING GOING ON IN THE 544 00:18:51,713 --> 00:18:53,916 MIDWEST, SOME LARGE STORM FRONT 545 00:18:53,916 --> 00:18:55,551 THAT GENERATES SOMETHING HIGHER. 546 00:18:55,551 --> 00:18:57,653 BUT THOSE HAVE NEVER REALLY BEEN 547 00:18:57,653 --> 00:18:58,020 VERIFIED. 548 00:18:58,020 --> 00:18:59,488 WE ARE GOING TO BE LOOKING AT 549 00:18:59,488 --> 00:19:01,023 THOSE KINDS OF THINGS TO 550 00:19:01,023 --> 00:19:02,658 UNDERSTAND THE DAY-TO-DAY 551 00:19:02,658 --> 00:19:05,394 CHANGES IN THE IONOSPHERE WE 552 00:19:05,394 --> 00:19:06,461 CAN'T PREDICT RIGHT NOW. 553 00:19:06,461 --> 00:19:13,168 >> I WANT TO GO BACK TO MARSHA A 554 00:19:13,168 --> 00:19:13,702 QUESTION QUESTION. 555 00:19:13,702 --> 00:19:15,204 I UNDERSTAND TO DO A SHOUT OUT 556 00:19:15,204 --> 00:19:17,306 WHO USED THE MOST RECENT COUPLE 557 00:19:17,306 --> 00:19:18,974 OF MONTHING TO DO A COMPLETE 558 00:19:18,974 --> 00:19:20,943 TEST OF THE OBSERVATORY TO MAKE 559 00:19:20,943 --> 00:19:22,010 SURE EVERYTHING WAS, WOOING. 560 00:19:22,010 --> 00:19:23,879 YOU THINK TWO YEAR ITS JUST SAT 561 00:19:23,879 --> 00:19:24,346 THERE. 562 00:19:24,346 --> 00:19:26,849 NO, THEY PUT OUT THE SOLAR 563 00:19:26,849 --> 00:19:29,017 PANELSES AND EXERCISED ALL THE 564 00:19:29,017 --> 00:19:29,351 MOTORS. 565 00:19:29,351 --> 00:19:30,452 IT WAS A REALLY, REALLY 566 00:19:30,452 --> 00:19:32,855 BEAUTIFUL PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN 567 00:19:32,855 --> 00:19:39,194 NORTHRUP TKPWRUL AN AND BERKELEY 568 00:19:39,194 --> 00:19:39,628 BERKELEY. 569 00:19:39,628 --> 00:19:42,931 I JUST WANT TO DO THAT. 570 00:19:42,931 --> 00:19:48,470 >> THE SPACECRAFT WAS KEPT NOT 571 00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:50,339 ONLY CLEAN BUT DRY AND DIDN'T 572 00:19:50,339 --> 00:19:52,641 HAVE ISSUES WITH MOISTURE 573 00:19:52,641 --> 00:19:54,509 INCURSION OR ANYTHING THAT WOULD 574 00:19:54,509 --> 00:19:56,545 AFFECT THE ELECTRONICKICS 575 00:19:56,545 --> 00:19:56,945 CAPABILITY. 576 00:19:56,945 --> 00:19:59,214 WE DID A FULL COMPREHENSIVE 577 00:19:59,214 --> 00:20:00,682 PERFORMANCE TEST TO EXERCISE ALL 578 00:20:00,682 --> 00:20:02,150 THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE 579 00:20:02,150 --> 00:20:03,318 SPACECRAFT AND SOFTWARE AND ONE 580 00:20:03,318 --> 00:20:06,989 OF THE KEY CONCERNS WAS THE 581 00:20:06,989 --> 00:20:08,624 POTENTIAL FOR A SOLAR RAY 582 00:20:08,624 --> 00:20:11,126 HICCUP, IF YOU WILL, DURING 583 00:20:11,126 --> 00:20:11,693 DEPLOYMENT. 584 00:20:11,693 --> 00:20:14,129 WE DEPLOYED AND IT WENT WELL AND 585 00:20:14,129 --> 00:20:16,531 IT IS VERY HIGH LEVEL CONFIDENCE 586 00:20:16,531 --> 00:20:21,637 FOR TOMORROW. 587 00:20:21,637 --> 00:20:24,039 >> ONE OF MY QUESTIONS WAS 588 00:20:24,039 --> 00:20:25,374 EXACTLY THIS ABOUT WHAT YOU HAVE 589 00:20:25,374 --> 00:20:28,143 DONE TO MAKE SURE THE SPACECRAFT 590 00:20:28,143 --> 00:20:29,711 IS STILL OPERATING L. DID YOU 591 00:20:29,711 --> 00:20:32,147 FIND ANYTHING YOU HAD TO 592 00:20:32,147 --> 00:20:32,581 REPLACE? 593 00:20:32,581 --> 00:20:36,718 >> NO, EVERYTHING WAS NOMINAL. 594 00:20:36,718 --> 00:20:38,487 A COUPLE MINOR HICCUP, LEARNING, 595 00:20:38,487 --> 00:20:39,354 IF YOU WILL. 596 00:20:39,354 --> 00:20:41,556 BUT NOTHING OUT OF FAMILY. 597 00:20:41,556 --> 00:20:43,825 MY MAIN CONCERN WAS THE SOLAR 598 00:20:43,825 --> 00:20:46,895 ARRAY WITH THE 5 PANEL 599 00:20:46,895 --> 00:20:55,370 DEPLOYMENT. 600 00:20:55,370 --> 00:20:57,406 >> SCIENCE QUESTION I HAVE. 601 00:20:57,406 --> 00:21:02,311 YOU MENTIONED THE ISS IS IN THE 602 00:21:02,311 --> 00:21:02,711 IONOSPHERE. 603 00:21:02,711 --> 00:21:03,745 IS IT MAKING MEASUREMENTS RIGHT 604 00:21:03,745 --> 00:21:05,580 NOW AND TALKED ABOUT INSTRUMENTS 605 00:21:05,580 --> 00:21:07,349 GOING UP THERE SOON. 606 00:21:07,349 --> 00:21:08,483 CAN YOU TALK ABOUT THAT. 607 00:21:08,483 --> 00:21:14,456 >> INSTRUMENT THAT WILL LUNCH 608 00:21:14,456 --> 00:21:14,790 2023. 609 00:21:14,790 --> 00:21:17,626 IT IS FROM OUR EXPLORER LINE AND 610 00:21:17,626 --> 00:21:20,062 GOING UP ON THE ISS AND 611 00:21:20,062 --> 00:21:21,563 A GRAVITY WAVE MEASUREMENT. 612 00:21:21,563 --> 00:21:23,532 IT WILL BE AAGAIN, LOOKING DOWN 613 00:21:23,532 --> 00:21:27,703 DURING THE BIG SWEEPS AND SO, 614 00:21:27,703 --> 00:21:28,904 YOU KNOW, YET ANOTHER REALLY 615 00:21:28,904 --> 00:21:30,439 IMPORTANT MEASUREMENT FOR US TO 616 00:21:30,439 --> 00:21:33,508 ADD TO OUR IT SCIENCE. 617 00:21:33,508 --> 00:21:35,577 TODAY IS ALL ABOUT ICON. 618 00:21:35,577 --> 00:21:38,747 >> THERE IS NO IONOSPHERIC 619 00:21:38,747 --> 00:21:40,949 MEASUREMENTS ON THE ISS MADE 620 00:21:40,949 --> 00:21:42,451 TODAY, IS THAT RIGHT? 621 00:21:42,451 --> 00:21:45,454 >> THAT IS CORRECT. 622 00:21:45,454 --> 00:21:48,256 WE HAVE CUBE SATES MEASURING THE 623 00:21:48,256 --> 00:21:50,058 IONOSPHERE AND THE IT SYSTEM, 624 00:21:50,058 --> 00:21:51,994 BUT FROM THE ISS OTHER THAN ALL 625 00:21:51,994 --> 00:21:54,363 THE CAMERAS, THE PWOUFL IMAGES 626 00:21:54,363 --> 00:21:56,932 TAKEN FROM THE ISS. 627 00:21:56,932 --> 00:21:59,968 >> THANK YOU. 628 00:21:59,968 --> 00:22:01,870 >> WE'LL HAVE ONE QUESTION FROM 629 00:22:01,870 --> 00:22:05,040 THE PHONE AFTER THAT. 630 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:07,209 >> QUESTION FOR NIKKI, I 631 00:22:07,209 --> 00:22:07,776 BELIEVE. 632 00:22:07,776 --> 00:22:10,612 THE ALTITUDE OF THIS ICON 633 00:22:10,612 --> 00:22:13,415 SATELLITE IS GOING TO BE ABOUT 634 00:22:13,415 --> 00:22:14,783 360 MILES OR SO, I UNDERSTAND. 635 00:22:14,783 --> 00:22:17,252 COULD YOU PROVIDE TO MY VIEWERS 636 00:22:17,252 --> 00:22:19,254 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE CONTEXT 637 00:22:19,254 --> 00:22:22,124 OF THAT ALTITUDE COMPARED TO, 638 00:22:22,124 --> 00:22:23,792 FOR EXAMPLE, THE DIFFERENT ZONES 639 00:22:23,792 --> 00:22:25,660 IN THE IONOSPHERE. 640 00:22:25,660 --> 00:22:27,629 WHAT OTHER SATELLITES ARE UP 641 00:22:27,629 --> 00:22:29,831 THERE IN THAT REGION. 642 00:22:29,831 --> 00:22:33,368 ALSO WITH RESPECT TO SATELLITES 643 00:22:33,368 --> 00:22:36,038 THAT THE IONOSPHERE MIGHT 644 00:22:36,038 --> 00:22:41,176 INTERFERE WITH LIKE -- COULD YOU 645 00:22:41,176 --> 00:22:44,980 GIVE US A SENSE OF THOSE 646 00:22:44,980 --> 00:22:47,549 DISTANCES FROM THE EARTH? 647 00:22:47,549 --> 00:23:27,022 >> THAT WAS YOUR 648 00:23:27,022 --> 00:23:28,390 WE ARE NOT GOING TO BOOST ICON. 649 00:23:28,390 --> 00:23:30,926 WE'LL GO IF 575 AND STAY THERE 650 00:23:30,926 --> 00:23:33,962 FOR MORE THAN A DECADE. 651 00:23:33,962 --> 00:23:41,570 ABOVE THAT NOAA SATELLITES. 652 00:23:41,570 --> 00:23:46,174 WE WANT THIS ORBIT, A 27 DEGREE 653 00:23:46,174 --> 00:23:48,844 INCLINATION, SORT OF A SCIENCE 654 00:23:48,844 --> 00:23:51,580 ORBIT. 655 00:23:51,580 --> 00:23:56,785 MANY OTHERS ARE IN POLAR ORBITS 656 00:23:56,785 --> 00:23:58,787 AND THE 90 DEGREE INCLINATION. 657 00:23:58,787 --> 00:24:04,593 THAT IS 800 TO 900-KILOMETERS: 658 00:24:04,593 --> 00:24:08,530 THE GPS SATELLITES, THE DENSITY 659 00:24:08,530 --> 00:24:10,599 OF THE IONOSPHERE CAN CAUSE 660 00:24:10,599 --> 00:24:12,734 ERRORS IN GPS. 661 00:24:12,734 --> 00:24:16,071 THOSE ARE TENS OF THOUSANDS OF 662 00:24:16,071 --> 00:24:18,373 KILOMETER ORBITS. 663 00:24:18,373 --> 00:24:23,445 AND GEOSYNCHRONOUS. 664 00:24:23,445 --> 00:24:27,249 [INAUDIBLE] 665 00:24:27,249 --> 00:24:27,983 >> CERTAIN LEVELS. 666 00:24:27,983 --> 00:24:29,751 HOW DOES THAT COMPARE? 667 00:24:29,751 --> 00:24:31,720 >> WE ARE ON THE TOP SIDE 668 00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:32,220 IONOSPHERE. 669 00:24:32,220 --> 00:24:37,859 THE MAIN PEAK IS THE F-LAYER 300 670 00:24:37,859 --> 00:24:41,563 TO 400-KILOMETERS OR 200, 671 00:24:41,563 --> 00:24:41,963 300 MILES. 672 00:24:41,963 --> 00:24:44,399 DEPENDS ON YOUR LATITUDE. 673 00:24:44,399 --> 00:24:46,768 THE ECQUESTIONITORIAL IONOSPHERE 674 00:24:46,768 --> 00:24:49,871 IS PUMPED UP BY WHAT WE KNOW OF 675 00:24:49,871 --> 00:24:53,308 THE EQUAITORIAL WINDS. 676 00:24:53,308 --> 00:24:56,878 THERE IS A WIND DYNAMO THAT 677 00:24:56,878 --> 00:25:00,582 DRIVES ELECTRIC FIELDS. 678 00:25:00,582 --> 00:25:01,816 IT IS STILL THE LOWEST. 679 00:25:01,816 --> 00:25:03,485 WE ARE ON THE TOP SIDE OF IT. 680 00:25:03,485 --> 00:25:07,055 IT'S A NICE, SMOOTH FUNCTION OF 681 00:25:07,055 --> 00:25:09,057 ALTITUDE WITH A PEAK OF 682 00:25:09,057 --> 00:25:10,292 300-KILOMETERS, A LITTLE HIGHER 683 00:25:10,292 --> 00:25:11,626 AND WE ARE ON THE TOP OF IT AND 684 00:25:11,626 --> 00:25:14,863 WE ARE STILL CONNECTED TO THAT. 685 00:25:14,863 --> 00:25:20,335 THE E-REGION BELOW THAT IS 686 00:25:20,335 --> 00:25:24,539 DRIVEN BY -- IT IS THE RED LAYER 687 00:25:24,539 --> 00:25:27,142 YOU SEE. 688 00:25:27,142 --> 00:25:29,277 AS YOU GET LOWER YOU WIND UP 689 00:25:29,277 --> 00:25:34,482 WITH MOLECULAR IONS. 690 00:25:34,482 --> 00:25:36,351 LET THAT IS WHERE YOU HAVE THE 691 00:25:36,351 --> 00:25:37,485 STROPBGZ INTERACTION AND WISH 692 00:25:37,485 --> 00:25:38,620 YOU COULD SPEND YOUR TIME. 693 00:25:38,620 --> 00:25:42,123 WE HAVE TO LOOK AT IT REMOTELY. 694 00:25:42,123 --> 00:25:46,828 E-REGION IS 1 20-180-KILOMETERS 695 00:25:46,828 --> 00:25:48,863 JUST BELOW 100 MILES. 696 00:25:48,863 --> 00:25:50,765 AND THAT'S A GOOD SPOT FOR US. 697 00:25:50,765 --> 00:25:52,867 THAT'S THE OTHER REGION THAT IS 698 00:25:52,867 --> 00:25:58,173 REALLY IMPORTANT TO ICON. 699 00:25:58,173 --> 00:25:59,307 >> GEOSYNCHRONOUS IS MUCH HIGHER 700 00:25:59,307 --> 00:26:01,676 AND THEY ARE IN THE OUTER BELT 701 00:26:01,676 --> 00:26:05,747 OF THE RADIATION BELT THAT 702 00:26:05,747 --> 00:26:07,282 RESPONDS TO SPACE WEATHER AND 703 00:26:07,282 --> 00:26:08,817 A LOT OF HIGH ENERGY PARTICLES 704 00:26:08,817 --> 00:26:11,553 AND THE ENTIRE RADIATION BELT 705 00:26:11,553 --> 00:26:15,123 CAN GROW AND UNGULF INSTRUMENTS 706 00:26:15,123 --> 00:26:21,129 THAT DON'T WANT TO BE IN THE 707 00:26:21,129 --> 00:26:28,803 RADIATION BELT. 708 00:26:28,803 --> 00:26:31,640 >> WE WILL GO TO THE PHONES. 709 00:26:31,640 --> 00:26:34,209 WE HAVE CHRIS WITH NASA SPACE 710 00:26:34,209 --> 00:26:34,542 FLIGHT. 711 00:26:34,542 --> 00:26:37,979 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME? 712 00:26:37,979 --> 00:26:41,549 >> YES. 713 00:26:41,549 --> 00:26:44,152 >> I HAVE FOR THIS PARTICULAR 714 00:26:44,152 --> 00:26:48,623 MISSION WHY AN EQUATORIAL ORBIT 715 00:26:48,623 --> 00:26:50,125 INSTEAD OF POLAR ORBIT. 716 00:26:50,125 --> 00:26:52,127 WHAT DOES THIS ADVANTAGE GIVE 717 00:26:52,127 --> 00:26:53,461 YOU OVER A POLEAR ONE. 718 00:26:53,461 --> 00:26:57,065 FOR NORTHRUP GRUMMAN CAN YOU OUT 719 00:26:57,065 --> 00:26:59,134 LINE SINCE THE LAST LAUNCH 720 00:26:59,134 --> 00:27:00,568 ATTEMPT A YEAR AGO WHAT HAVE YOU 721 00:27:00,568 --> 00:27:02,137 GUYS BEEN DOING WITH PEGASUS AND 722 00:27:02,137 --> 00:27:04,139 WHAT WERE THE FIXES OR THE ROOT 723 00:27:04,139 --> 00:27:06,574 CAUSE OF THAT ISSUE THAT YOU 724 00:27:06,574 --> 00:27:08,109 IDENTIFIED AND FIXED FOR 725 00:27:08,109 --> 00:27:09,344 TOMORROW'S ATTEMPT? 726 00:27:09,344 --> 00:27:10,512 THANK YOU. 727 00:27:10,512 --> 00:27:13,248 >> I THINK TOM WILL ANSWER THE 728 00:27:13,248 --> 00:27:15,450 WHY EQUATORIAL AND HOLD YOUR 729 00:27:15,450 --> 00:27:16,918 QUESTION ON THE PEGASUS. 730 00:27:16,918 --> 00:27:18,153 YOU WILL HAVE A WHOLE BRIEFING 731 00:27:18,153 --> 00:27:19,220 ON THAT LAUNCH SYSTEM. 732 00:27:19,220 --> 00:27:20,889 IF WE CAN HOLD THAT UNTIL THE 733 00:27:20,889 --> 00:27:23,525 NEXT PANEL WHEN THE REAL EXPERTS 734 00:27:23,525 --> 00:27:26,494 ARE UP HERE. 735 00:27:26,494 --> 00:27:28,496 >> THERE IS A GRAPHIC SOMEWHERE 736 00:27:28,496 --> 00:27:30,365 ELSE, NOT HERE, THAT SHOWS FROM 737 00:27:30,365 --> 00:27:38,306 THE EQUATORIAL ORBIT OUR WIND 738 00:27:38,306 --> 00:27:40,141 INSTRUMENT, MAKING MEASUREMENTS 739 00:27:40,141 --> 00:27:41,409 TO THE NORTH OF THE SATELLITE 740 00:27:41,409 --> 00:27:44,045 ACROSS THE EQUATOR. 741 00:27:44,045 --> 00:27:47,382 AND THE SAME FIELD LINE AT THE 742 00:27:47,382 --> 00:27:49,718 MAGNETIC EQUATOR AND YOU CAN 743 00:27:49,718 --> 00:27:51,019 FOLLOW IT DOWN TO WHERE THE WIND 744 00:27:51,019 --> 00:27:51,986 MEASUREMENT IS MADE. 745 00:27:51,986 --> 00:27:54,923 THAT'S NOT ACHIEVABLE WITH 746 00:27:54,923 --> 00:27:55,790 A POLAR ORBIT. 747 00:27:55,790 --> 00:27:59,728 YOU HAVE TO TPH-BT NEAR 748 00:27:59,728 --> 00:28:01,329 EQUATORIAL ORBIT. 749 00:28:01,329 --> 00:28:02,931 LOW LATITUDES ARE WHERE SOME OF 750 00:28:02,931 --> 00:28:06,601 THE LARGEST TIES IN THE UPPER 751 00:28:06,601 --> 00:28:08,737 ATMOSPHERE THAT ORIGINATE IN THE 752 00:28:08,737 --> 00:28:11,106 LOWER ATMOSPHERE AND ARE NOT 753 00:28:11,106 --> 00:28:12,474 GRAVITATIONAL TIDES, THEY ARE 754 00:28:12,474 --> 00:28:17,112 NOT LUNAR TIDES OR SOLE ATIDES, 755 00:28:17,112 --> 00:28:18,980 JUST MOTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE 756 00:28:18,980 --> 00:28:21,149 SENTED ON A PLANETARY SCALE. 757 00:28:21,149 --> 00:28:23,785 THEY ARE LARGEST AT LOW 758 00:28:23,785 --> 00:28:24,185 LATITUDES. 759 00:28:24,185 --> 00:28:25,587 WE ARE FOCUSING ON THE LOW 760 00:28:25,587 --> 00:28:27,389 LATITUDES FOR A COUPLE OF 761 00:28:27,389 --> 00:28:27,756 REASONS. 762 00:28:27,756 --> 00:28:30,458 >> WHERE ALL THE ACTIONS 763 00:28:30,458 --> 00:28:30,825 HAPPENING. 764 00:28:30,825 --> 00:28:32,560 >> ICON GOES WHERE THE ACTIONS. 765 00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:35,330 >> WE HAVE ANOTHER QUESTION FROM 766 00:28:35,330 --> 00:28:42,937 THE PHONES. 767 00:28:42,937 --> 00:28:48,510 I THINK. 768 00:28:48,510 --> 00:28:54,215 WILL TRY ONE MORE TIME. 769 00:28:54,215 --> 00:28:55,250 WE WILL MOVE ON. 770 00:28:55,250 --> 00:28:56,718 ANY LAST QUESTIONS BEFORE WE 771 00:28:56,718 --> 00:28:57,719 CHANGE IT UP? 772 00:28:57,719 --> 00:29:00,021 WE'LL BE GOING ON TO OUR SECOND 773 00:29:00,021 --> 00:29:00,889 PANEL THEN. 774 00:29:00,889 --> 00:29:01,556 WE'LL MOVE. 775 00:29:01,556 --> 00:29:03,625 IN THE MEANTIME WE HAVE A VIDEO 776 00:29:03,625 --> 00:29:06,694 FOR YOU SHOWING THE LAUNCH 777 00:29:06,694 --> 00:29:11,266 SEQUENCE AND DEPLOY. 778 00:29:13,568 --> 00:29:55,210 ♪ 779 00:29:58,213 --> 00:30:03,284 SNOW STPHOETS. 780 00:30:03,284 --> 00:30:05,420 ♪ 781 00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:15,129 >> WE ARE BACK WITH OUR NEW 782 00:30:15,129 --> 00:30:15,430 PANEL. 783 00:30:15,430 --> 00:30:22,937 WE HAVE THE VICE PRESIDENT OF 784 00:30:22,937 --> 00:30:24,839 SPACE LAUNCH PROGRAM. 785 00:30:24,839 --> 00:30:26,975 AND WE ARE GOING TO HEAR MORE 786 00:30:26,975 --> 00:30:28,676 ABOUT WHAT BRINGS US ALL THE WAY 787 00:30:28,676 --> 00:30:30,712 TO LAUNCH TOMORROW. 788 00:30:30,712 --> 00:30:33,448 >> THANK YOU. 789 00:30:33,448 --> 00:30:35,717 FIRST OFF, I WANT TO THANK THE 790 00:30:35,717 --> 00:30:37,051 MEDIA FOR BEING HERE THIS. 791 00:30:37,051 --> 00:30:39,454 IS HOW WE GET OUR MESSAGE OUT 792 00:30:39,454 --> 00:30:40,622 PRIMARILY TO OUR TAXPAYERS WHO 793 00:30:40,622 --> 00:30:41,923 ARE FUNDING THIS. 794 00:30:41,923 --> 00:30:43,758 THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE AND 795 00:30:43,758 --> 00:30:46,060 THAT CONDUIT FOR THEM. 796 00:30:46,060 --> 00:30:50,832 AND I DO WANT TO THANK OUR TEAM 797 00:30:50,832 --> 00:30:53,067 THAT I HAVE THE GREAT PRIVILEGE 798 00:30:53,067 --> 00:30:55,403 OF LEADING STARTING WITH LAUNCH 799 00:30:55,403 --> 00:30:57,639 SERVICES PROGRAM HERE AT KENNEDY 800 00:30:57,639 --> 00:30:58,406 SPACE CENTER. 801 00:30:58,406 --> 00:31:01,442 OUR PARTNERS NORTHRUP GRUMMAN. 802 00:31:01,442 --> 00:31:05,113 OUR CUSTOMERS, HEADQUARTER THE, 803 00:31:05,113 --> 00:31:07,081 NASA HEADQUARTERS AND NASA 804 00:31:07,081 --> 00:31:08,249 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER OUR 805 00:31:08,249 --> 00:31:11,019 & OUR ULTIMATE CUSTOMER WHICH IS 806 00:31:11,019 --> 00:31:14,088 THOMAS, YOU HEARD BEFORE AT UCB 807 00:31:14,088 --> 00:31:14,455 BERKELEY. 808 00:31:14,455 --> 00:31:15,990 I WANT TO APOLOGIZE FOR DELAYING 809 00:31:15,990 --> 00:31:19,827 YOU GUYS FOR THE LAST 11 MONTHS. 810 00:31:19,827 --> 00:31:22,230 WE WANTED TO GET THINGS RIGHT ON 811 00:31:22,230 --> 00:31:23,765 THIS ROCKET. 812 00:31:23,765 --> 00:31:29,304 THERE WAS NO -- WE HAVE NO 813 00:31:29,304 --> 00:31:30,939 SECOND CHANCES AND WE WANT TO 814 00:31:30,939 --> 00:31:31,372 GET IT RIGHT. 815 00:31:31,372 --> 00:31:33,775 IN THE MONTHS THAT HAD PRECEDED 816 00:31:33,775 --> 00:31:35,310 THIS, WE HAD DONE A NUMBER OF 817 00:31:35,310 --> 00:31:38,479 TESTS BOTH ON THE GROUND AND WE 818 00:31:38,479 --> 00:31:44,285 HAD TAKEN THE ROCKET UP SEVERAL 819 00:31:44,285 --> 00:31:46,020 TIMES TO TRY AND LICK THIS 820 00:31:46,020 --> 00:31:46,854 THING. 821 00:31:46,854 --> 00:31:49,624 WE WERE ONLY ABLE TO SEE IT IN 822 00:31:49,624 --> 00:31:51,492 FLIGHT AND FLIGHTS ARE VERY 823 00:31:51,492 --> 00:31:53,094 DIFFICULT TO MODEL ON THE 824 00:31:53,094 --> 00:31:53,561 GROUND. 825 00:31:53,561 --> 00:31:55,496 YOU HAVE SEVERAL COMPONENTS 826 00:31:55,496 --> 00:31:58,166 GOING ON AT ONCE. 827 00:31:58,166 --> 00:32:00,134 YOU NOT ONLY HAVE THE ALTITUDE, 828 00:32:00,134 --> 00:32:03,204 YOU HAVE THE VIBRATION AND AIR 829 00:32:03,204 --> 00:32:04,505 BUFFETTING, THE AIRPLANE IS 830 00:32:04,505 --> 00:32:08,209 MAKING ITS OWN VIBRATIONS WITH 831 00:32:08,209 --> 00:32:09,444 THE TURBINES GOING. 832 00:32:09,444 --> 00:32:12,213 THE ATMOSPHERE IS A LITTLE BIT 833 00:32:12,213 --> 00:32:15,984 LESS AS WE GO UP. 834 00:32:15,984 --> 00:32:17,919 AND FUNNY THINGS HAPPEN WHEN YOU 835 00:32:17,919 --> 00:32:20,254 ARE AT ALTITUDE AND THE 836 00:32:20,254 --> 00:32:25,226 TEMPERATURES GET COLDER AND IT'E 837 00:32:25,226 --> 00:32:29,664 HAD A NEW COMPONENT GO AND WE 838 00:32:29,664 --> 00:32:32,066 MIGHT HAVE POSSIBLY SEEN THIS 839 00:32:32,066 --> 00:32:33,701 GREMLIN SHOW UP BEFORE. 840 00:32:33,701 --> 00:32:36,037 BUT WE DIDN'T HAVE A VISUAL CUE 841 00:32:36,037 --> 00:32:37,105 INTO IT. 842 00:32:37,105 --> 00:32:37,505 NOW WE DID. 843 00:32:37,505 --> 00:32:39,607 AND WE HAD TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT 844 00:32:39,607 --> 00:32:39,874 IT. 845 00:32:39,874 --> 00:32:41,309 AND THAT'S WHAT HAS TAKEN US 846 00:32:41,309 --> 00:32:44,712 THIS LONG TO COME ON GRIPS WITH 847 00:32:44,712 --> 00:32:46,381 WHAT THOSE THINGS WERE THAT WERE 848 00:32:46,381 --> 00:32:49,150 MAKING OUR RUDDER POSITION 849 00:32:49,150 --> 00:32:51,152 INDICATOR GET ACTIVE. 850 00:32:51,152 --> 00:32:52,987 SOMETHING THAT WE DON'T WANT TO 851 00:32:52,987 --> 00:32:54,555 SEE IN FLIGHT. 852 00:32:54,555 --> 00:32:57,458 SOMETHING WE HAVEN'T EXPERIENCED 853 00:32:57,458 --> 00:33:04,032 SINCE WE PUT SEVERAL FIXES IN. 854 00:33:04,032 --> 00:33:06,200 I HOPE THAT KIND OF SKPHRAEUPBS 855 00:33:06,200 --> 00:33:09,137 WHAT WE HAVE BEEN DOING -- 856 00:33:09,137 --> 00:33:10,571 EXPLAINS WHAT WE HAVE DONE 857 00:33:10,571 --> 00:33:10,872 DOING. 858 00:33:10,872 --> 00:33:13,408 WE PUT THE SPACECRAFT ASIDE 859 00:33:13,408 --> 00:33:16,044 WHILE WE DID THIS TEST SO WE 860 00:33:16,044 --> 00:33:18,079 DIDN'T PUT IT IN HARM'S WAY. 861 00:33:18,079 --> 00:33:19,981 IF WE CAN ROLL A VIDEO I HAVE. 862 00:33:19,981 --> 00:33:22,350 THIS IS THE ICON SPACECRAFT. 863 00:33:22,350 --> 00:33:26,020 AND THIS IS THE SOLAR RAY DEPLAY 864 00:33:26,020 --> 00:33:32,794 AND CPT THEY SPOKE OF EARLIER IN 865 00:33:32,794 --> 00:33:34,095 AUGUST INTO SEPTEMBER TO MAKE 866 00:33:34,095 --> 00:33:44,038 SURE DURING THE HIATUS BEING 867 00:33:44,038 --> 00:33:44,605 KEPT. 868 00:33:44,605 --> 00:33:47,942 THIS IS A SHOT OF THE SPACECRAFT 869 00:33:47,942 --> 00:33:50,511 BEING MATED TO THE PEGASUS. 870 00:33:50,511 --> 00:33:54,382 THIS HAPPENED ON SEPTEMBER 9TH. 871 00:33:54,382 --> 00:33:56,517 ON SEPTEMBER 25th WE BROUGHT 872 00:33:56,517 --> 00:34:01,222 IT OUT TO THE FIRST REUSABLE 873 00:34:01,222 --> 00:34:04,826 ZERO STAGE THAT L-1011 STAR 874 00:34:04,826 --> 00:34:06,027 GAZER YOU SEE THERE. 875 00:34:06,027 --> 00:34:08,429 AND THIS IS THE FLIGHT CREW 876 00:34:08,429 --> 00:34:11,866 BRINGING IT IN ON ITS FLIGHT 877 00:34:11,866 --> 00:34:14,001 HERE ON OCTOBER 1 TO THE SKID 878 00:34:14,001 --> 00:34:17,071 STRIP AT THE CAPE CANEVERAL AIR 879 00:34:17,071 --> 00:34:17,672 FORCE STATION. 880 00:34:17,672 --> 00:34:20,808 I WANT TO THANK THE FOLKS AT THE 881 00:34:20,808 --> 00:34:22,243 45th SQUADRON HERE. 882 00:34:22,243 --> 00:34:24,078 AND THE FOLKS AT THE 30th 883 00:34:24,078 --> 00:34:25,279 FOR SUPPORTING US ALL THE WAY 884 00:34:25,279 --> 00:34:29,917 THROUGH THIS. 885 00:34:29,917 --> 00:34:32,620 AND SO I SAID A LOT AND WE SAW 886 00:34:32,620 --> 00:34:33,855 THIS VIDEO. 887 00:34:33,855 --> 00:34:35,623 THE IMPORTANT THING IS TOMORROW. 888 00:34:35,623 --> 00:34:39,694 THE TEAM WILL GET WORKING ON THE 889 00:34:39,694 --> 00:34:41,796 ROCKET ABOUT 2:00 IN THE 890 00:34:41,796 --> 00:34:42,163 AFTERNOON. 891 00:34:42,163 --> 00:34:43,765 WE'LL HAVE OUR MANAGEMENT ON 892 00:34:43,765 --> 00:34:47,001 STATION ABOUT 5:00 IN THE 893 00:34:47,001 --> 00:34:47,401 AFTERNOON. 894 00:34:47,401 --> 00:34:49,871 IT WILL BE POWERING UP THE 895 00:34:49,871 --> 00:34:56,344 PEGASUS THE L-10-11. 896 00:34:56,344 --> 00:34:58,012 IF ALL GOES WELL WE'LL LIFTOFF 897 00:34:58,012 --> 00:35:00,248 FROM THE SKID STRIP ABOUT 8:32 898 00:35:00,248 --> 00:35:03,117 IN THE EVENING AND 58 MINUTES 899 00:35:03,117 --> 00:35:05,586 LATER WE'LL BE IN THE DROP BOX. 900 00:35:05,586 --> 00:35:08,790 AND WE'LL BE ABLE TO DROP ICON 901 00:35:08,790 --> 00:35:11,659 AND THE PEGASUS AND LIGHT IT UP 902 00:35:11,659 --> 00:35:14,829 AND SEND IT ON ITS WAY. 903 00:35:14,829 --> 00:35:17,465 WE DO HAVE A 90 MINUTE WINDOW. 904 00:35:17,465 --> 00:35:20,802 IF THE FIRST ATTEMPT IS ABORTED 905 00:35:20,802 --> 00:35:22,537 OR WE'RE LATE DOING SOMETHING ON 906 00:35:22,537 --> 00:35:23,805 THE GROUND OR THE WEATHER GETS 907 00:35:23,805 --> 00:35:26,641 US, WE DO HAVE A SHORT BUFFER 908 00:35:26,641 --> 00:35:29,110 THERE OF ABOUT AN HOUR, 1:15 909 00:35:29,110 --> 00:35:32,880 WHERE WE CAN ADJUST AND STILL 910 00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:34,949 MAKE IT SO THAT ICON CAN LAUNCH 911 00:35:34,949 --> 00:35:35,483 TOMORROW. 912 00:35:35,483 --> 00:35:39,253 WITH THAT I'LL TURN IT OVER TO 913 00:35:39,253 --> 00:35:40,188 PHIL JOYCE. 914 00:35:40,188 --> 00:35:40,721 >> THANK YOU. 915 00:35:40,721 --> 00:35:41,722 I WANT TO SECOND A LOT OF THINGS 916 00:35:41,722 --> 00:35:43,291 YOU SAID ABOUT ALL THE PEOPLE 917 00:35:43,291 --> 00:35:48,329 INVOLVED TO GET US TO THIS 918 00:35:48,329 --> 00:35:48,629 POINT. 919 00:35:48,629 --> 00:35:49,430 IT SAYS SOMETHING ABOUT A TEAM 920 00:35:49,430 --> 00:35:51,465 WHEN YOU HAVE A LOT OF ADVERSITY 921 00:35:51,465 --> 00:35:52,900 AND ICON IS NO DIFFERENT. 922 00:35:52,900 --> 00:35:55,036 THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY COMPLEX 923 00:35:55,036 --> 00:35:55,369 MACHINE. 924 00:35:55,369 --> 00:35:57,872 WE SAW SOME THINGS ON OUR 925 00:35:57,872 --> 00:35:59,774 PREVIOUS LAUNCH ATTEMPT NONE OF 926 00:35:59,774 --> 00:36:01,275 US WERE COMFORTABLE WITH. 927 00:36:01,275 --> 00:36:03,811 WE DECIDED TO STAND DOWN AND GO 928 00:36:03,811 --> 00:36:06,180 ADDRESS THOSE AND MAKE SURE WE 929 00:36:06,180 --> 00:36:07,381 REALLY UNDERSTOOD WHAT WAS 930 00:36:07,381 --> 00:36:07,882 HAPPENING THERE. 931 00:36:07,882 --> 00:36:11,419 THAT REQUIRED A REALLY EXTENSIVE 932 00:36:11,419 --> 00:36:13,688 GROUND TEST MODELING SIMULATION 933 00:36:13,688 --> 00:36:16,090 AND FLIGHT-TEST ACTIVITY TO GET 934 00:36:16,090 --> 00:36:18,226 TO THE BOTTOM OF WHAT WAS REALLY 935 00:36:18,226 --> 00:36:20,294 AN EXTREMELY CHALLENGING 936 00:36:20,294 --> 00:36:21,762 PROBLEM, ONE OF THE MOST I HAVE 937 00:36:21,762 --> 00:36:25,666 SEEN IN MY CAREER IN THIS 938 00:36:25,666 --> 00:36:27,635 BUSINESS OVER SOME 30 YEARS. 939 00:36:27,635 --> 00:36:28,936 BUT WE GOT THERE. 940 00:36:28,936 --> 00:36:35,276 WE, WITH NASA UP ABLE TO GET TO 941 00:36:35,276 --> 00:36:36,811 SOME SURPRISING RESULTS THAT 942 00:36:36,811 --> 00:36:37,678 TOLD US MORE ABOUT THE SYSTEM WE 943 00:36:37,678 --> 00:36:39,647 HAVE ON THE PEGASUS. 944 00:36:39,647 --> 00:36:41,115 AND EDUCATED TOUTS POINT WHERE 945 00:36:41,115 --> 00:36:44,151 WE COULD MAKE SOME REALLY SMART, 946 00:36:44,151 --> 00:36:45,586 CORRECTIVE ACTION. 947 00:36:45,586 --> 00:36:47,321 WE IMPLEMENTED THOSE AND GOT ALL 948 00:36:47,321 --> 00:36:48,890 THE STAKE HOLDERS ON BOARD AND I 949 00:36:48,890 --> 00:36:51,359 WANT TO THANK THE SCIENCE TEAM 950 00:36:51,359 --> 00:36:54,528 AND HEADQUARTERS TEAM AND ALL AT 951 00:36:54,528 --> 00:36:56,831 GODDARD AND AT BERKELEY FOR 952 00:36:56,831 --> 00:36:58,032 STICKING WITH US AND ACTUALLY 953 00:36:58,032 --> 00:36:59,767 BEING PART OF THE SOLUTION HERE. 954 00:36:59,767 --> 00:37:01,168 I THINK IT SAYS SOMETHING ABOUT 955 00:37:01,168 --> 00:37:03,070 THE STRENGTH OF OUR RELATIONSHIP 956 00:37:03,070 --> 00:37:06,674 AND THE TEAMWORK THAT WE HAVE 957 00:37:06,674 --> 00:37:09,410 ENJOYED AT NORTHRUP GRUMMAN OVER 958 00:37:09,410 --> 00:37:12,914 THE LAST THREE DECADES ON 959 00:37:12,914 --> 00:37:13,814 PEGASUS WITH NASA. 960 00:37:13,814 --> 00:37:15,049 IT'S BEEN A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP 961 00:37:15,049 --> 00:37:19,053 AND ONE WE WILL CONTINUE WITH 962 00:37:19,053 --> 00:37:19,353 NASA. 963 00:37:19,353 --> 00:37:21,722 ALL THE THINGS WE DID IN TERMS 964 00:37:21,722 --> 00:37:23,824 OF QUALIFYING AND THE 965 00:37:23,824 --> 00:37:25,059 FLIGHT-TESTS THAT WE PERFORMED 966 00:37:25,059 --> 00:37:28,496 WITH THE SYSTEM IN ITS MODIFIED 967 00:37:28,496 --> 00:37:29,997 STATE GIVE US CONFIDENCE. 968 00:37:29,997 --> 00:37:31,532 THERE IS NOTHING BETTER THAN 969 00:37:31,532 --> 00:37:31,999 A LAUNCH DAY. 970 00:37:31,999 --> 00:37:33,868 WE ARE ALL FIRED UP AND READY TO 971 00:37:33,868 --> 00:37:35,903 GO AT NORTHRUP LOOKING FORWARD 972 00:37:35,903 --> 00:37:38,673 TO GIVING ICON A GREAT RIDE. 973 00:37:38,673 --> 00:37:40,541 >> FAN OF THETAIC. 974 00:37:40,541 --> 00:37:49,150 FANTASTIC.WE'LL GO TO QUESTIONS. 975 00:37:49,150 --> 00:37:51,319 >> I UNDERSTAND THIS IS THE 976 00:37:51,319 --> 00:37:53,554 44th MISSION FOR PEGASUS. 977 00:37:53,554 --> 00:37:56,123 CAN YOU TELL ME IF THERE ARE ANY 978 00:37:56,123 --> 00:37:58,225 FUTURE MISSIONS ON THE BOOKS AND 979 00:37:58,225 --> 00:38:00,261 WHEN WILL THE NEXT PEGASUS 980 00:38:00,261 --> 00:38:01,228 MISSION BE? 981 00:38:01,228 --> 00:38:02,697 >> WE DON'T HAVE ANY CURRENT 982 00:38:02,697 --> 00:38:03,898 CONTRACTS, BUT I'M HAPPY TO 983 00:38:03,898 --> 00:38:07,635 REPORT WE HAVE TWO PEG CUS 984 00:38:07,635 --> 00:38:09,603 VEHICLES IN A PRETTY ADVANCE 985 00:38:09,603 --> 00:38:12,540 STATE OF INTEGRATION THAT ARE 986 00:38:12,540 --> 00:38:12,940 AVAILABLE. 987 00:38:12,940 --> 00:38:14,408 WE ARE TALKING TO SEVERAL 988 00:38:14,408 --> 00:38:16,277 POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS FOR THOSE. 989 00:38:16,277 --> 00:38:20,514 OUR L-10-11 AIRCRAFT IS AS 990 00:38:20,514 --> 00:38:22,049 HEALTHY AS EVER. 991 00:38:22,049 --> 00:38:24,151 THE TEAM KEEP ITS IN TIPTOP 992 00:38:24,151 --> 00:38:26,320 SHAPE AS ILLUSTRATED AS GETTING 993 00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:28,189 OUT HERE WITHOUT ANY MAJOR 994 00:38:28,189 --> 00:38:31,359 PROBLEMS ON THE AIRCRAFT. 995 00:38:31,359 --> 00:38:37,398 THAT WILL BE THE SITUATION FOR 996 00:38:37,398 --> 00:38:40,101 THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE AND 997 00:38:40,101 --> 00:38:41,369 CONTINUING PEGASUS AS LONG AS 998 00:38:41,369 --> 00:38:45,906 THERE ARE CUSTOMERS. 999 00:38:45,906 --> 00:38:47,875 >> COULD ONE OR BOTH OF YOU SORT 1000 00:38:47,875 --> 00:38:49,610 OF TALK IN MORE DETAIL ABOUT 1001 00:38:49,610 --> 00:38:51,579 WHAT YOU WERE SEEING ON THE 1002 00:38:51,579 --> 00:38:52,446 LAUNCH ATTEMPT LAST YEAR WITH 1003 00:38:52,446 --> 00:38:55,049 THE RUDDER MOVEMENT AND WHAT THE 1004 00:38:55,049 --> 00:38:57,051 INVESTIGATION SHOWED WAS THE 1005 00:38:57,051 --> 00:38:58,586 CAUSE AND WHAT CORRECTIVE 1006 00:38:58,586 --> 00:39:00,454 ACTIONS YOU IMPLEMENTED TO 1007 00:39:00,454 --> 00:39:00,955 RESOLVE IT. 1008 00:39:00,955 --> 00:39:01,922 JUST MORE DETAIL. 1009 00:39:01,922 --> 00:39:04,725 I'M NOT SURE I FULLY GRASP WHAT 1010 00:39:04,725 --> 00:39:07,461 YOU WERE SEEING. 1011 00:39:07,461 --> 00:39:11,065 >> SO THE PEGASUS SAFE-1 FLIGHT 1012 00:39:11,065 --> 00:39:12,533 IS AN AIRPLANE. 1013 00:39:12,533 --> 00:39:17,071 THERE ARE THREE CONSTROLL 1014 00:39:17,071 --> 00:39:18,606 SURFACES, AND IT WAS THE RUDDER 1015 00:39:18,606 --> 00:39:22,777 ACTION THAT WE WERE SEEING 1016 00:39:22,777 --> 00:39:25,112 ANOMALOUS POSITION, NOISE IN THE 1017 00:39:25,112 --> 00:39:26,113 FEEDBACK LINE. 1018 00:39:26,113 --> 00:39:26,847 WE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND THEM BUT 1019 00:39:26,847 --> 00:39:28,282 THEY WERE SIGNIFICANT ENOUGH WE 1020 00:39:28,282 --> 00:39:29,483 WERE CONCERNED IF WE LAUNCHED 1021 00:39:29,483 --> 00:39:36,223 WITH THAT CONDITION WITH NOISE 1022 00:39:36,223 --> 00:39:38,592 SPIKES IT COULD CAUSE A BAD DAY. 1023 00:39:38,592 --> 00:39:40,161 WE ELECTED TO STAND DOWN AT THAT 1024 00:39:40,161 --> 00:39:42,163 POINT AND DO AN INVESTIGATION. 1025 00:39:42,163 --> 00:39:44,198 WE PULLED THAT HARDWARE OFF THE 1026 00:39:44,198 --> 00:39:46,367 ROCK SKPET GOT IT INTO THE LABS 1027 00:39:46,367 --> 00:39:49,270 IN ARIZONA AT NORTHRUP GRUMMAN 1028 00:39:49,270 --> 00:39:53,607 AND REPLICATED AS BEST WE COULD 1029 00:39:53,607 --> 00:39:55,843 AND OMAR POINTED OUT HOW HARD IT 1030 00:39:55,843 --> 00:40:04,185 IS TO DO ON THE GROUND. 1031 00:40:04,185 --> 00:40:06,520 WE WERE ABLE TO DO THAT AND SET 1032 00:40:06,520 --> 00:40:08,055 THE TESTS UP AND RECREATE THE 1033 00:40:08,055 --> 00:40:09,490 PROBLEM AND THAT ENABLED US TO 1034 00:40:09,490 --> 00:40:11,692 GET TO THE CAUSE OF IT. 1035 00:40:11,692 --> 00:40:13,627 AND IDENTIFY SEF RAT PARTS OF 1036 00:40:13,627 --> 00:40:16,564 THE SYSTEM THAT MADE US MORE 1037 00:40:16,564 --> 00:40:17,998 VULNERABLE TO THAT KIND OF 1038 00:40:17,998 --> 00:40:18,299 NOISE. 1039 00:40:18,299 --> 00:40:20,501 AS ANY KIND OF COMPLEX PROBLEM 1040 00:40:20,501 --> 00:40:22,036 LIKE THIS AND THIS IS WHY THE 1041 00:40:22,036 --> 00:40:25,272 INVESTIGATION TOOK A LONG TIME, 1042 00:40:25,272 --> 00:40:28,609 USUALLY HAS SEVERAL CAUSAL 1043 00:40:28,609 --> 00:40:30,311 FACTORS AND THIS WAS NO 1044 00:40:30,311 --> 00:40:30,678 DIFFERENT. 1045 00:40:30,678 --> 00:40:32,046 THERE WERE FIVE OR SIX DIFFERENT 1046 00:40:32,046 --> 00:40:33,747 THINGS WE THOUGHT WERE COUPLING 1047 00:40:33,747 --> 00:40:35,716 INTO THIS PHENOMENON WE WERE 1048 00:40:35,716 --> 00:40:37,451 SEEING AND WHAT WE DID TO 1049 00:40:37,451 --> 00:40:40,988 CORRECT THE PROBLEM WAS CORRECT 1050 00:40:40,988 --> 00:40:41,822 ALL OF THOSE. 1051 00:40:41,822 --> 00:40:45,392 WE MODIFIED OUR INSTRUMENTS TO 1052 00:40:45,392 --> 00:40:47,328 BE LESS SENSITIVE AND THE 1053 00:40:47,328 --> 00:40:50,064 CIRCUIT TO BE MORE ROBUST TO THE 1054 00:40:50,064 --> 00:40:51,799 ENVIRONMENT THAT IS A UNIQUE AND 1055 00:40:51,799 --> 00:40:52,666 CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT. 1056 00:40:52,666 --> 00:40:55,035 WE WENT BACK AND DEMONSTRATED 1057 00:40:55,035 --> 00:40:57,037 THE MODIFIED SYSTEMS WOULD 1058 00:40:57,037 --> 00:40:59,106 HANDLE THOSE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE 1059 00:40:59,106 --> 00:41:02,476 LAB AND THEN WE CONTACTED TWO 1060 00:41:02,476 --> 00:41:06,147 TEST FLIGHTS, ONE THAT SIMULATED 1061 00:41:06,147 --> 00:41:07,348 A FERRY FLIGHT THE ONE LAST WEEK 1062 00:41:07,348 --> 00:41:09,850 AND THE OTHER SIMULATED A LAUNCH 1063 00:41:09,850 --> 00:41:12,153 ATTEMPT WHERE IT IS CONFIGURED 1064 00:41:12,153 --> 00:41:13,621 DIFFERENTLY AND COULD SEE 1065 00:41:13,621 --> 00:41:14,555 A DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT. 1066 00:41:14,555 --> 00:41:16,290 AND VERIFIED BOTH OF THOSE 1067 00:41:16,290 --> 00:41:18,259 CONDITIONS WE DIDN'T SEE ANY OF 1068 00:41:18,259 --> 00:41:19,260 THE SPIKESES RETURN. 1069 00:41:19,260 --> 00:41:21,095 THE FINAL TEST AND ALL OF US 1070 00:41:21,095 --> 00:41:22,463 WERE ON PINS AND NEEDLES FOR 1071 00:41:22,463 --> 00:41:25,599 FIVE AND IA HALF-HOURS WHILE THE 1072 00:41:25,599 --> 00:41:28,102 AIRCRAFT TRANSFERRED OVER TO THE 1073 00:41:28,102 --> 00:41:28,402 CAPE. 1074 00:41:28,402 --> 00:41:30,838 WE WERE MONITORING THAT CIRCUIT 1075 00:41:30,838 --> 00:41:32,940 THE ENTIRE FLIGHT AND WERE VERY 1076 00:41:32,940 --> 00:41:34,742 HAPPY TO REPORT IT WAS AS CLEAN 1077 00:41:34,742 --> 00:41:36,544 AS ANYTHING WE HAVE SEEN. 1078 00:41:36,544 --> 00:41:38,179 THAT GIVES US GREAT CONFIDENCE 1079 00:41:38,179 --> 00:41:39,580 GOING FORWARD INTO TOMORROW'S 1080 00:41:39,580 --> 00:41:41,015 ATTEMPT WE HAVE THIS PROBLEM 1081 00:41:41,015 --> 00:41:42,149 BEHIND US. 1082 00:41:42,149 --> 00:41:44,018 BUT JUST IN CASE, WE HAVE 1083 00:41:44,018 --> 00:41:45,386 INSTITUTED SOME NEW MISSION 1084 00:41:45,386 --> 00:41:47,454 RULES TO LOOK FOR THESE KIND OF 1085 00:41:47,454 --> 00:41:49,857 THINGS AND WITH NASA WE'LL 1086 00:41:49,857 --> 00:41:51,292 EVALUATE ANYTHING WE SEE DURING 1087 00:41:51,292 --> 00:41:53,928 THE LAUNCH ATTEMPT AND MAKE 1088 00:41:53,928 --> 00:41:56,063 A CALL THAT IS COMPLETELY BASED 1089 00:41:56,063 --> 00:41:57,031 ON MISSION SUCCESS. 1090 00:41:57,031 --> 00:41:58,832 THAT'S WHAT WE ARE ALL ABOUT 1091 00:41:58,832 --> 00:42:01,302 GETTING THE SALTS TO ORBIT. 1092 00:42:01,302 --> 00:42:04,905 -- SATELLITE TO ORBIT. 1093 00:42:04,905 --> 00:42:06,607 >> A QUICK FOLLOW-UP FOR PHIL. 1094 00:42:06,607 --> 00:42:08,976 YOU MENTIONED THE NEW HARDWARE, 1095 00:42:08,976 --> 00:42:11,845 ARE THOSE THE FIN BATTERIES 1096 00:42:11,845 --> 00:42:13,180 FLYING ARE IF THE FIRST TIME AND 1097 00:42:13,180 --> 00:42:14,381 WAS THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP 1098 00:42:14,381 --> 00:42:16,116 BETWEEN THAT AND THE SIGNATURES? 1099 00:42:16,116 --> 00:42:18,052 >> THE THIN BATTERY, NOT NEW. 1100 00:42:18,052 --> 00:42:20,521 THEY ARE THE THERMAL BAT WEES WE 1101 00:42:20,521 --> 00:42:24,992 HAVE BEEN FLYING FOR MANY YEARS. 1102 00:42:24,992 --> 00:42:26,794 THE CONTROL UNIT, THE 1103 00:42:26,794 --> 00:42:32,866 ELECTRONICS THAT CONTROL THE 1104 00:42:32,866 --> 00:42:36,136 SE-- SERV O IS NEW AND WE DID 1105 00:42:36,136 --> 00:42:40,407 SLIGHT MODIFICATIONS TO. 1106 00:42:40,407 --> 00:42:43,577 >> WHERE WILL THE DROP ACTUALLY 1107 00:42:43,577 --> 00:42:43,877 OCCUR? 1108 00:42:43,877 --> 00:42:46,013 WHERE WILL THE PLANE BEING, WHAT 1109 00:42:46,013 --> 00:42:47,314 ALTITUDE AND HOW MANY ON BOARD 1110 00:42:47,314 --> 00:42:48,616 FOR THE DEPLOY IN. 1111 00:42:48,616 --> 00:42:53,687 >> WE ARE GOING TO BE ABOUT 1112 00:42:53,687 --> 00:42:54,955 50-100 MILES OFF DAYTONA BEACH 1113 00:42:54,955 --> 00:42:57,157 WHEN THE DROP OCCURS. 1114 00:42:57,157 --> 00:43:01,629 WE HAVE A 40-MILE LONG BOX TO 1115 00:43:01,629 --> 00:43:02,296 LAUNCH IT IN. 1116 00:43:02,296 --> 00:43:03,697 YOU WILL GET A SPECIAL TREAT AND 1117 00:43:03,697 --> 00:43:05,232 YOU WILL HEAR ALL ABOUT THE 1118 00:43:05,232 --> 00:43:09,003 FLIGHT CREW AND THE AIRPLANE IN 1119 00:43:09,003 --> 00:43:15,609 THE NEXT PANEL. 1120 00:43:15,609 --> 00:43:17,911 39,000 FEET. 1121 00:43:17,911 --> 00:43:20,748 >> WE HAVE QUESTION FROM THE 1122 00:43:20,748 --> 00:43:26,820 PHONES. 1123 00:43:26,820 --> 00:43:29,056 >> IN TERMS OF THE DROP BOX 1124 00:43:29,056 --> 00:43:30,491 LOCATION, YOU CAN LAUNCH 1125 00:43:30,491 --> 00:43:32,026 ANYWHERE WITHIN THAT IF I AM 1126 00:43:32,026 --> 00:43:33,427 UNDERSTANDING IT CORRECTLY, 1127 00:43:33,427 --> 00:43:33,761 RIGHT. 1128 00:43:33,761 --> 00:43:35,562 IF THERE IS A THUNDERSTORM AT 1129 00:43:35,562 --> 00:43:37,965 THE PREFERRED DROP LOCATION YOU 1130 00:43:37,965 --> 00:43:39,800 CAN RECONFIGURE AND GET TO 1131 00:43:39,800 --> 00:43:42,503 ANOTHER PART IN THAT BOX AWAY IF 1132 00:43:42,503 --> 00:43:45,339 WEATHER IF NEEDED, IS THAT 1133 00:43:45,339 --> 00:43:45,906 CORRECT? 1134 00:43:45,906 --> 00:43:49,076 >> IN THEORY, YEAH, WE COULD 1135 00:43:49,076 --> 00:43:49,877 STEER AROUND IT. 1136 00:43:49,877 --> 00:43:53,781 THE LAST THING WE WANT TO DO IS 1137 00:43:53,781 --> 00:43:56,183 FLY AN AIRPLANE WITH I ROCKET 1138 00:43:56,183 --> 00:43:58,652 UNDER IT ANYWHERE NEAR 1139 00:43:58,652 --> 00:43:59,687 A THUNDERHEAD. 1140 00:43:59,687 --> 00:44:01,655 YEAH, IF THE CONDITIONS ARE 1141 00:44:01,655 --> 00:44:06,460 RIGHT AND WE ARE ABLE TO GET 1142 00:44:06,460 --> 00:44:09,163 EITHER AWAY FROM THE THUNDERHEAD 1143 00:44:09,163 --> 00:44:12,766 OR HIGH ABOVE IT, WE MIGHT BE 1144 00:44:12,766 --> 00:44:14,835 ABLE TO DO SOMETHING. 1145 00:44:14,835 --> 00:44:17,638 IN REALITY MOST THUNDERHEADS ARE 1146 00:44:17,638 --> 00:44:19,206 ANYWHERE FROM TEN THOUSAND FEET 1147 00:44:19,206 --> 00:44:21,342 TO 50,000 FEET OR MORE. 1148 00:44:21,342 --> 00:44:24,144 IT WOULD BE VERY UNLIKELY. 1149 00:44:24,144 --> 00:44:26,146 WE COULD CERTAINLY STEER AROUND 1150 00:44:26,146 --> 00:44:29,883 SOME OF THEM. 1151 00:44:29,883 --> 00:44:33,253 WE CAN DELAY THE FLIGHT OR 1152 00:44:33,253 --> 00:44:36,123 LOITER FOR A LITTLE BIT AND DO 1153 00:44:36,123 --> 00:44:40,260 ANOTHER RUN IN CASE TIME IS 1154 00:44:40,260 --> 00:44:41,929 HELPING US AND HAVING THAT 1155 00:44:41,929 --> 00:44:42,896 THUNDERHEAD OR WHATEVER IT IS WE 1156 00:44:42,896 --> 00:44:45,866 ARE TRYING TO AVOID. 1157 00:44:45,866 --> 00:44:46,734 >> ANY MORE QUESTIONS FROM THE 1158 00:44:46,734 --> 00:44:48,802 ROOM BEFORE WE MOVE ON? 1159 00:44:48,802 --> 00:44:54,641 YES, SIR. 1160 00:44:54,641 --> 00:44:59,012 >> FOR PHIL, THE PEGASUS CONCEPT 1161 00:44:59,012 --> 00:45:00,280 DROPPING A ROCKET FROM AN 1162 00:45:00,280 --> 00:45:03,851 AIRPLANE IS VERY UNIQUE. 1163 00:45:03,851 --> 00:45:05,986 IS ANYBODY ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE 1164 00:45:05,986 --> 00:45:07,388 WORLD DOING THIS OR IS IT UNIQUE 1165 00:45:07,388 --> 00:45:10,257 TO NORTHRUP GRUMMAN. 1166 00:45:10,257 --> 00:45:13,861 >> YOU MAY HAVE HEARD OF OUR 1167 00:45:13,861 --> 00:45:17,231 FRIENDSA THE VIRGIN AND THEY 1168 00:45:17,231 --> 00:45:19,400 HAVE NO WING AND LAUNCH IT FROM 1169 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:19,867 A S*EFRB47. 1170 00:45:19,867 --> 00:45:28,308 -- 737.PEGASUS WAS THE FIRST PY 1171 00:45:28,308 --> 00:45:29,443 DEVELOPED SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLE 1172 00:45:29,443 --> 00:45:31,478 AND AIR LAUNCHED SPACE LAUNCH 1173 00:45:31,478 --> 00:45:34,481 VEHICLE WITH A FIRST NIGHT IN 1174 00:45:34,481 --> 00:45:36,884 1990 AND THIS IS MISSION 44. 1175 00:45:36,884 --> 00:45:39,753 IT'S BEEN A VERY ROBUST SYSTEM 1176 00:45:39,753 --> 00:45:41,922 CAPABLE OF A THOUSAND POUNDS TO 1177 00:45:41,922 --> 00:45:44,758 LOWER EARTH ORBIT AND CAN LAUNCH 1178 00:45:44,758 --> 00:45:45,859 FROM ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD. 1179 00:45:45,859 --> 00:45:49,730 IT'S ONE OF OUR CROWN JEWELS. 1180 00:45:49,730 --> 00:45:50,330 >> THANK YOU. 1181 00:45:50,330 --> 00:45:53,767 WE'LL MOVE ON TO OUR THIRD 1182 00:45:53,767 --> 00:45:54,234 PANEL. 1183 00:45:54,234 --> 00:45:56,336 AND AN INTERMISSION WE WILL SHOW 1184 00:45:56,336 --> 00:46:01,742 YOU A MOVIE ON THE LAUNCH, 1185 00:46:01,742 --> 00:46:03,177 NASA'S LAST PEGASUS LAUNCH FROM 1186 00:46:03,177 --> 00:46:05,145 DECEMBER OF 2016. 1187 00:46:18,592 --> 00:46:20,394 >> DROP ON MY MARK. 1188 00:46:20,394 --> 00:46:22,796 3, 2, 1. 1189 00:46:22,796 --> 00:46:26,800 GO FOR RELEASE. 1190 00:46:26,800 --> 00:46:28,035 AND DROP. 1191 00:46:28,035 --> 00:46:33,874 PEGASUS IS AWAY. 1192 00:46:33,874 --> 00:46:36,743 MISSION THE PEGASUS ROCKET 1193 00:46:36,743 --> 00:46:38,178 HADDING HURRICANE FORECASTERS 1194 00:46:38,178 --> 00:46:40,447 UNDERSTAND AND PREDICT THE 1195 00:46:40,447 --> 00:46:43,484 INTENSITY OF HURRICANES. 1196 00:46:46,320 --> 00:46:47,754 >> HELLO, WE ARE BACK. 1197 00:46:47,754 --> 00:46:51,792 WE NOW HAVE WITH US BILL *UL 1198 00:46:51,792 --> 00:46:55,128 RICH A WEATHER OFFICER AND DON 1199 00:46:55,128 --> 00:46:58,932 WALLERS THE CHIEF PILOT OF THE 1200 00:46:58,932 --> 00:47:03,537 NORTHRUP GRUMMAN AIRCRAFT WE 1201 00:47:03,537 --> 00:47:09,109 WERE JUST HEARING B. AND FOR 1202 00:47:09,109 --> 00:47:12,613 STARTERS, TELL ME ABOUT WHY THE 1203 00:47:12,613 --> 00:47:17,384 45th SPACE WING. 1204 00:47:17,384 --> 00:47:19,720 >> OUR PRIMARY MISSION IS TO 1205 00:47:19,720 --> 00:47:23,757 ENSURE SAFE ACCESS TO SPACE. 1206 00:47:23,757 --> 00:47:25,959 THE 46th WEATHER SWAUD RON 1207 00:47:25,959 --> 00:47:28,228 IS THE WEATHER COMPONENT. 1208 00:47:28,228 --> 00:47:30,163 TO MAKE SURE OUR LAUNCH 1209 00:47:30,163 --> 00:47:30,998 CUSTOMERS IN THE EASTERN RANGE 1210 00:47:30,998 --> 00:47:33,066 ARE LAUNCHING INTO SAFE WEATHER 1211 00:47:33,066 --> 00:47:34,768 CONDITIONS WE USE A VARIETY OF 1212 00:47:34,768 --> 00:47:35,769 WEATHER TOOLS TO MAKE SURE THEY 1213 00:47:35,769 --> 00:47:38,105 ARE DOING SO INCLUDING WEATHER 1214 00:47:38,105 --> 00:47:40,507 RADAR, HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE 1215 00:47:40,507 --> 00:47:43,143 IMAGERY AND LIGHTNING DETECTION 1216 00:47:43,143 --> 00:47:45,279 EQUIPMENT AND WEATHER BALLOONS. 1217 00:47:45,279 --> 00:47:48,749 WE USE THAT TO EVALUATE A TOTAL 1218 00:47:48,749 --> 00:47:51,385 OF 10 LIGHTNING LAUNCH CRITERIA 1219 00:47:51,385 --> 00:47:53,754 TO ENSURE THE CUSTOMER IS NOT 1220 00:47:53,754 --> 00:47:55,556 LAUNCHING INTO ADVERSE WEATHER 1221 00:47:55,556 --> 00:47:57,691 CONDITIONS AND IS IT IS MEANT TO 1222 00:47:57,691 --> 00:47:59,760 STEER THE VEHICLE CLEAR OF ANY 1223 00:47:59,760 --> 00:48:01,895 POTENTIAL THUNDERSTORMS THAT ARE 1224 00:48:01,895 --> 00:48:03,163 ON-GOING OR POTENTIALLY DEVELOP 1225 00:48:03,163 --> 00:48:06,033 OR THOSE CLOUDS THAT COULD 1226 00:48:06,033 --> 00:48:11,138 POTENTIALLY TRIGGER LIGHTNING 1227 00:48:11,138 --> 00:48:12,539 A ROCKET IN THE VICINITY. 1228 00:48:12,539 --> 00:48:13,907 THIS IS CHALLENGING IN THAT WE 1229 00:48:13,907 --> 00:48:15,809 ARE TALKING ABOUT THE DROP BOX 1230 00:48:15,809 --> 00:48:17,778 BEING ABOUT 50-100 MILES 1231 00:48:17,778 --> 00:48:18,145 OFFSHORE. 1232 00:48:18,145 --> 00:48:19,980 IT IS NOT REALLY IN THE PRESENCE 1233 00:48:19,980 --> 00:48:24,484 OF SOME OF THE GROUND SENSORS WE 1234 00:48:24,484 --> 00:48:28,722 TYPIC LAUNCH IT IS 50-100 MILES 1235 00:48:28,722 --> 00:48:29,156 OFFSHORE. 1236 00:48:29,156 --> 00:48:31,191 WE CAN SUPPLEMENT THAT 1237 00:48:31,191 --> 00:48:34,561 INFORMATION WITH OUR RADAR AND 1238 00:48:34,561 --> 00:48:36,229 HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE 1239 00:48:36,229 --> 00:48:36,563 IMAGERY. 1240 00:48:36,563 --> 00:48:37,698 HOPEFULLY AT THE END OF THE DAY 1241 00:48:37,698 --> 00:48:42,235 WE WILL BE ABLE TO EVALUATE THE 1242 00:48:42,235 --> 00:48:43,870 LIGHTNING WATCH CRITERIA AND 1243 00:48:43,870 --> 00:48:45,539 HELPS THEY WILL LAUNCH FROM 1244 00:48:45,539 --> 00:48:46,506 39,000 FEET IN THE ATMOSPHERE 1245 00:48:46,506 --> 00:48:48,742 ABOVE MOST OF THE WEATHER WE 1246 00:48:48,742 --> 00:48:50,277 EXPERIENCE HERE ON THE GROUND. 1247 00:48:50,277 --> 00:48:51,078 >> SO WHAT IS THE WEATHER GOING 1248 00:48:51,078 --> 00:48:51,812 TO BE LIKE? 1249 00:48:51,812 --> 00:48:52,312 >> OH, GEEZ. 1250 00:48:52,312 --> 00:48:54,181 I KNEW YOU WERE GOING TO ASK ME 1251 00:48:54,181 --> 00:48:54,781 THAT QUESTION. 1252 00:48:54,781 --> 00:48:56,516 [LAUGHING] 1253 00:48:56,516 --> 00:48:58,051 UNFORTUNATELY HERE I AM ON STAGE 1254 00:48:58,051 --> 00:49:00,287 AGAIN BEING THE BEARER OF BAD 1255 00:49:00,287 --> 00:49:03,290 NEWS AND HAVE THE LAST COUPLE OF 1256 00:49:03,290 --> 00:49:04,291 LAUNCHES BUT THEY HAVE GOTTEN 1257 00:49:04,291 --> 00:49:05,626 OFF THE GROUND AND THIS ONE WILL 1258 00:49:05,626 --> 00:49:06,460 AS WELL. 1259 00:49:06,460 --> 00:49:08,762 BUT FOR TOMORROW IF WE LOOK AT 1260 00:49:08,762 --> 00:49:10,464 SATELLITE IMAGERY RIGHT NOW, WE 1261 00:49:10,464 --> 00:49:11,932 HAVE A COUPLE SYSTEMS THAT ARE 1262 00:49:11,932 --> 00:49:14,901 GOING TO KIND OF INTERFERE WITH 1263 00:49:14,901 --> 00:49:15,769 TOMORROW'S LAUNCH. 1264 00:49:15,769 --> 00:49:18,171 YOU CAN SEE ALL THE ORGANIZED 1265 00:49:18,171 --> 00:49:19,806 CLOUDINESS OFF THE EAST COAST OF 1266 00:49:19,806 --> 00:49:28,248 FLORIDA UP THE EASTERN SEABOARD. 1267 00:49:28,248 --> 00:49:30,117 AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE TRIGGERS 1268 00:49:30,117 --> 00:49:31,284 THUNDERSTORMS UP AND DOWN THE 1269 00:49:31,284 --> 00:49:31,618 COAST. 1270 00:49:31,618 --> 00:49:33,153 WHAT YOU CAN'T REALLY SEE UNDER 1271 00:49:33,153 --> 00:49:34,755 THE CLOUDS UP ANDUN DO THE 1272 00:49:34,755 --> 00:49:36,223 EASTERN SEABOARD IS THE COLD 1273 00:49:36,223 --> 00:49:36,657 FRONT. 1274 00:49:36,657 --> 00:49:38,792 THAT IS EXPECTED TO MOVE CLOSER 1275 00:49:38,792 --> 00:49:41,795 TO US DURING THE DAY TOMORROW 1276 00:49:41,795 --> 00:49:42,896 AND EXPECTED TO SHIFT TO THE 1277 00:49:42,896 --> 00:49:45,699 SOUTH ON THURSDAY. 1278 00:49:45,699 --> 00:49:47,234 IF WE LOOK AT TOMORROW'S 1279 00:49:47,234 --> 00:49:48,301 FORECAST WITH THE PRESENCE OF 1280 00:49:48,301 --> 00:49:49,636 THE SURFACE TROUGH AND THE COLD 1281 00:49:49,636 --> 00:49:52,072 FRONT TO OUR NORTH, CONDITIONS 1282 00:49:52,072 --> 00:49:53,440 WILL BE QUITE UNSTABLE TOMORROW 1283 00:49:53,440 --> 00:49:54,975 LIKE THEY ARE TODAY, LIKE THEY 1284 00:49:54,975 --> 00:49:56,009 WERE LAST NIGHT. 1285 00:49:56,009 --> 00:49:58,445 SUCH THAT WE EXPECT SCATTERED 1286 00:49:58,445 --> 00:49:59,346 SHOWERS AND ISOLATED 1287 00:49:59,346 --> 00:50:00,414 THUNDERSTORMS IN THE AREA EVEN 1288 00:50:00,414 --> 00:50:01,281 TOMORROW EVENING. 1289 00:50:01,281 --> 00:50:02,482 NOW THE WINDS AND TEMPERATURE 1290 00:50:02,482 --> 00:50:04,785 YOU SEE THERE IS WHAT THE 1291 00:50:04,785 --> 00:50:05,919 CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE 1292 00:50:05,919 --> 00:50:08,388 FOR TAKE OFF, WHICH IS LIGHT 1293 00:50:08,388 --> 00:50:10,590 WINDS OUT OF THE NORTHEAST 7-9 1294 00:50:10,590 --> 00:50:11,591 MILES PER HOUR AND TEMPERATURES 1295 00:50:11,591 --> 00:50:12,225 IN THE LOW 80s. 1296 00:50:12,225 --> 00:50:14,294 THERE WILL BE, UNFORTUNATELY, 1297 00:50:14,294 --> 00:50:15,062 SCATTERED SHOWERS IN THE 1298 00:50:15,062 --> 00:50:16,363 VICINITY OF THE AREA. 1299 00:50:16,363 --> 00:50:18,331 BUT ALSO, AND ESPECIALLY THERE 1300 00:50:18,331 --> 00:50:20,867 WILL BE MORE ACTIVITY OUT OVER 1301 00:50:20,867 --> 00:50:22,269 THE ATLANTIC WATERS. 1302 00:50:22,269 --> 00:50:25,338 OUR PRIMARY CONCERN CITIZEN 1303 00:50:25,338 --> 00:50:27,207 CUMULOUS CLOUD RULE AND 1304 00:50:27,207 --> 00:50:28,341 LIGHTNING RULE. 1305 00:50:28,341 --> 00:50:33,547 AND IF WE GO -- HOPEFULLY WE 1306 00:50:33,547 --> 00:50:36,149 DON'T NEED A 24 HOUR DELAY. 1307 00:50:36,149 --> 00:50:37,818 CONDITIONS WILL BE BETTER FOR 1308 00:50:37,818 --> 00:50:40,320 TAKE OFF AND HAVE A SLIGHTLY 1309 00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:42,089 STRONGER WIND THAT CAN BE 1310 00:50:42,089 --> 00:50:44,591 A CROSS-WIND CAN BE BE AN ISSUE 1311 00:50:44,591 --> 00:50:48,095 FOR TAKE OUT, WINDS OUT OF THE 1312 00:50:48,095 --> 00:50:49,830 NORTHEAST AND SHOWERS EXPECTED 1313 00:50:49,830 --> 00:50:54,968 TO BE LOWER AS WE SEE THE COLD 1314 00:50:54,968 --> 00:50:56,403 FRONT, IT IS STILL EARLY FOR 1315 00:50:56,403 --> 00:50:57,871 A COLD FRONT IN CENTRAL FLORIDA. 1316 00:50:57,871 --> 00:50:59,239 IT WILL BRING IN DRIER AIR FROM 1317 00:50:59,239 --> 00:51:00,107 THE NORTH. 1318 00:51:00,107 --> 00:51:02,843 OUR PRIMARY CONCERN IS THE 1319 00:51:02,843 --> 00:51:03,510 CUMULOUS CLOUD RULE. 1320 00:51:03,510 --> 00:51:06,046 I WISH I HAD BETTER NEWS, BUT 1321 00:51:06,046 --> 00:51:07,881 ULTIMATELY WE'LL DO THE BEST 1322 00:51:07,881 --> 00:51:09,750 WITHAL THE TOOLS AT OUR DISPOSAL 1323 00:51:09,750 --> 00:51:11,384 TO MAKE SURE TOMORROW'S LAUNCH 1324 00:51:11,384 --> 00:51:13,854 OR POTENTIALLY THURSDAY NIGHT'S 1325 00:51:13,854 --> 00:51:15,322 LAUNCH WILL BE AS SAFE AS 1326 00:51:15,322 --> 00:51:15,689 POSSIBLE. 1327 00:51:15,689 --> 00:51:16,089 THANK YOU. 1328 00:51:16,089 --> 00:51:17,591 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1329 00:51:17,591 --> 00:51:18,592 LET'S GO TO DON. 1330 00:51:18,592 --> 00:51:21,895 TELL US ABOUT PILOTING, 1331 00:51:21,895 --> 00:51:23,530 HOPEFULLY WITH GOOD WEATHER, 1332 00:51:23,530 --> 00:51:24,331 WHAT THAT EXPERIENCE IS LIKE 1333 00:51:24,331 --> 00:51:26,600 WHEN YOU TAKE OFF. 1334 00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:27,734 >> WELL, THANK YOU FOR THE 1335 00:51:27,734 --> 00:51:31,838 WEATHER BRIEFING. 1336 00:51:31,838 --> 00:51:34,074 WE RELY ON A LARGE GROUP OF 1337 00:51:34,074 --> 00:51:35,542 PEOPLE TO GIVE US INFORM TAOEUGZ 1338 00:51:35,542 --> 00:51:38,411 ERNE SURE THE SAFETY OF THE -- 1339 00:51:38,411 --> 00:51:41,248 ENSURE THE SAFETY CONCERN IS THE 1340 00:51:41,248 --> 00:51:41,815 SAFETY OF THE FLIGHT. 1341 00:51:41,815 --> 00:51:43,216 OUR MAIN CONCERN ON THE GROUND 1342 00:51:43,216 --> 00:51:47,220 ARE PRECIPITATION, WINDS AND 1343 00:51:47,220 --> 00:51:47,587 LIGHTNING. 1344 00:51:47,587 --> 00:51:49,189 ONCE WE ARE IN THE AIR ONE OF 1345 00:51:49,189 --> 00:51:53,393 THE ADVANTAGES OF THE L-10-11 1346 00:51:53,393 --> 00:51:55,595 SYSTEM IS IT IS A VERY MOBILE, 1347 00:51:55,595 --> 00:51:57,063 FLUID SYSTEM AND TACTICALLY WE 1348 00:51:57,063 --> 00:51:58,632 CAN MOVE AROUND SOME OF THE 1349 00:51:58,632 --> 00:52:01,401 STORMS THAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT 1350 00:52:01,401 --> 00:52:03,136 ONCE WE ARE IN THE DROP BOX. 1351 00:52:03,136 --> 00:52:06,606 OF COURSE, WE HAVE TO HAVE 1352 00:52:06,606 --> 00:52:09,442 A CLEAR SHOT FOR THE ROCKET. 1353 00:52:09,442 --> 00:52:12,746 BUT THE CREW HAS SOME 1354 00:52:12,746 --> 00:52:15,582 FLEXIBILITY TO HELP DEVIATE 1355 00:52:15,582 --> 00:52:17,317 AROUND SOME OF THE STORMS 1356 00:52:17,317 --> 00:52:17,684 LOCALLY. 1357 00:52:17,684 --> 00:52:18,985 ON THE GROUND FOR TAKE OFF IT IS 1358 00:52:18,985 --> 00:52:20,887 WATER, WIND AND LIGHTNING. 1359 00:52:20,887 --> 00:52:23,723 >> I THINK WE HAVE A VIDEO OF 1360 00:52:23,723 --> 00:52:26,459 THE PATH THAT YOU EXPECT TO 1361 00:52:26,459 --> 00:52:26,760 TAKE. 1362 00:52:26,760 --> 00:52:28,929 CAN YOU TALK US THROUGH THE 1363 00:52:28,929 --> 00:52:30,931 ENTIRE PROCESS OF DROPPING OFF? 1364 00:52:30,931 --> 00:52:31,865 >> ABSOLUTELY. 1365 00:52:31,865 --> 00:52:33,466 WE PLANNED A 58-MINUTE FLIGHT. 1366 00:52:33,466 --> 00:52:36,403 THE GOAL IS FOR US TO BE AT THE 1367 00:52:36,403 --> 00:52:39,139 LAUNCH BOX AT A SPECIFIC TIME AT 1368 00:52:39,139 --> 00:52:40,774 A SPECIFIC SPEED AT A SPECIFIC 1369 00:52:40,774 --> 00:52:41,141 ALTITUDE. 1370 00:52:41,141 --> 00:52:44,177 IT WILL TAKE OFF OUT OF THE SKID 1371 00:52:44,177 --> 00:52:46,813 STRIP FLYING A PATTERN AWAY FROM 1372 00:52:46,813 --> 00:52:50,016 THE LAUNCH BOX TO GAIN ALTITUDE. 1373 00:52:50,016 --> 00:52:52,485 AS SOON AS WE GAIN ALTITUDE 1374 00:52:52,485 --> 00:52:53,854 WE'LL TURN BACK TOWARD OUR 1375 00:52:53,854 --> 00:52:55,755 LAUNCH POINT AND TAKE WEATHER 1376 00:52:55,755 --> 00:53:01,628 OBSERVATIONS OVER THE LAUNCH BOX 1377 00:53:01,628 --> 00:53:03,597 AND WE'LL FLY OUT AROUND, TURN 1378 00:53:03,597 --> 00:53:05,732 AROUND AND GIVE US TIME TO 1379 00:53:05,732 --> 00:53:06,867 CONFIGURE THE SYSTEMS FOR 1380 00:53:06,867 --> 00:53:07,801 LAUNCH. 1381 00:53:07,801 --> 00:53:09,169 WHEN WE HIT THE LAUNCH BOX OR 1382 00:53:09,169 --> 00:53:10,971 HIT THE LAUNCH POINT WE'LL DROP 1383 00:53:10,971 --> 00:53:13,106 THE ROCKET AND TURN SLIGHTLY OUT 1384 00:53:13,106 --> 00:53:18,645 OF THE WAY AND WATCH THE ROCKET 1385 00:53:18,645 --> 00:53:23,884 FLY OFF. 1386 00:53:23,884 --> 00:53:25,418 >> WHAT IT FEELS LIKE WHEN YOU 1387 00:53:25,418 --> 00:53:27,220 ARE IN THE PLANE AND YOU DROP 1388 00:53:27,220 --> 00:53:30,390 THE PEGASUS. 1389 00:53:30,390 --> 00:53:32,726 >> IT IS THE MOST EXCITING PART 1390 00:53:32,726 --> 00:53:33,693 OF THE FLIGHT. 1391 00:53:33,693 --> 00:53:37,364 YOU CAN IMAGINE WE TAKE A 52 -- 1392 00:53:37,364 --> 00:53:40,200 PLANE IS FLYING IN A STABLE 1393 00:53:40,200 --> 00:53:40,600 CONDITION. 1394 00:53:40,600 --> 00:53:42,602 WHEN YOU DROP 52,000 POUNDS ALL 1395 00:53:42,602 --> 00:53:44,905 AT ONCE THE LIFT ON THE AIRPLANE 1396 00:53:44,905 --> 00:53:48,074 STILL EXISTS AND AS THE ROCKET 1397 00:53:48,074 --> 00:53:50,343 FALLS WE LOSE THAT GRAVITY, WE 1398 00:53:50,343 --> 00:53:53,413 LOSE THE 52,000 POUNDS AND THE 1399 00:53:53,413 --> 00:53:57,250 PLANE CLIMBS FAIRLY RAPIDLY 1400 00:53:57,250 --> 00:53:59,986 ABOUT 1,200, 1,500 FEET AS THE 1401 00:53:59,986 --> 00:54:01,388 ROCKET IS FALLING. 1402 00:54:01,388 --> 00:54:03,590 NOT ONLY IS THAT AN EXCITING 1403 00:54:03,590 --> 00:54:05,692 PART OF THE FLIGHT, IT GIVES US 1404 00:54:05,692 --> 00:54:06,760 SEPARATION FOR SAFETY FROM THE 1405 00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:09,162 ROCKET AS WE DROP IT. 1406 00:54:09,162 --> 00:54:12,899 >> WE ARE HOPING FOR SMOOTH 1407 00:54:12,899 --> 00:54:13,566 SKIES TOMORROW. 1408 00:54:13,566 --> 00:54:14,868 AND WE WILL GO TO QUESTIONS IN 1409 00:54:14,868 --> 00:54:20,073 THE ROOM. 1410 00:54:20,073 --> 00:54:21,675 >> HOW MANY PEOPLE ON BOARD FOR 1411 00:54:21,675 --> 00:54:23,543 THE LAUNCH? 1412 00:54:23,543 --> 00:54:26,179 AND HOW MANY SECONDS AFTER THE 1413 00:54:26,179 --> 00:54:29,449 ROCKET DROPS DOES IT IGNITE AND 1414 00:54:29,449 --> 00:54:32,419 WHO IS ACTUALLY -- SOMEBODY 1415 00:54:32,419 --> 00:54:34,721 PUSHING A BUTTON OR IS IT AUTO 1416 00:54:34,721 --> 00:54:37,223 MATED FOLLOWING THE DROP? 1417 00:54:37,223 --> 00:54:42,128 >> THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE ON BOARD 1418 00:54:42,128 --> 00:54:43,129 MINIMUM IS 5. 1419 00:54:43,129 --> 00:54:45,031 WE HAVE THREE PILOTS AND TWO 1420 00:54:45,031 --> 00:54:48,501 LAUNCH PANEL OPERATORS. 1421 00:54:48,501 --> 00:54:51,771 OCCASIONALLY WE DO BRING 1422 00:54:51,771 --> 00:54:53,006 ADDITIONAL PILOTS OR LAUNCH 1423 00:54:53,006 --> 00:54:54,607 PANEL OPERATOR ALONG FOR 1424 00:54:54,607 --> 00:54:55,475 TRAINING. 1425 00:54:55,475 --> 00:54:56,443 I THINK WE WILL HAVE SEVEN ON 1426 00:54:56,443 --> 00:54:57,811 THIS PARTICULAR LAUNCH. 1427 00:54:57,811 --> 00:55:01,481 THE ROCKET DROPS FOR FOR FIVE 1428 00:55:01,481 --> 00:55:02,882 SECONDS BEFORE IGINATION TAKES 1429 00:55:02,882 --> 00:55:05,852 PLACE AS LONG AS ALL THE SAFETY 1430 00:55:05,852 --> 00:55:08,855 PARAMETERS ARE GO FOR IGNITION. 1431 00:55:08,855 --> 00:55:12,525 THE LAST QUESTION? 1432 00:55:12,525 --> 00:55:15,328 THE UNIQUE PART OF PEGASUS IS 1433 00:55:15,328 --> 00:55:17,897 THAT WHEN WE FLY INTO THE LAUNCH 1434 00:55:17,897 --> 00:55:19,933 BOX THE CREW IS JUST SORT OF THE 1435 00:55:19,933 --> 00:55:21,267 INSTRUMENT FOR A HUGE TEAM ON 1436 00:55:21,267 --> 00:55:23,303 THE GROUND MONITORING ALL THE 1437 00:55:23,303 --> 00:55:24,104 SAFETY PARAMETERS. 1438 00:55:24,104 --> 00:55:27,407 AS SOON AS WE ARE IN THE LAUNCH 1439 00:55:27,407 --> 00:55:29,476 BOX WE WAIT FOR A COMMAND FROM 1440 00:55:29,476 --> 00:55:32,545 OUR LAUNCH CONDUCTOR TO DROP THE 1441 00:55:32,545 --> 00:55:35,982 ROCKET AND IT IS ACTUALLY HE IS 1442 00:55:35,982 --> 00:55:38,485 BEHIND YOU, MY CO-PILOT IS THE 1443 00:55:38,485 --> 00:55:41,087 ONE WHO FLIPS UP THE SWITCH AND 1444 00:55:41,087 --> 00:55:44,190 PHYSICALLY DROPS THE ROCKET. 1445 00:55:44,190 --> 00:55:46,059 >> IS THAT DONE -- 1446 00:55:46,059 --> 00:55:47,627 >> ONCE THE ROCKET IS CLEAR OF 1447 00:55:47,627 --> 00:55:50,530 THE THE AIRPLANE IT IS AUTON 1448 00:55:50,530 --> 00:55:50,830 MOUSE. 1449 00:55:50,830 --> 00:55:54,768 >> THANK YOU. 1450 00:55:54,768 --> 00:55:57,871 >> TWO QUESTIONS FOR DON. 1451 00:55:57,871 --> 00:55:59,606 SINCE VUDONE THIS BEFORE, CAN 1452 00:55:59,606 --> 00:56:01,474 YOU DESCRIBE THE PHYSICAL 1453 00:56:01,474 --> 00:56:03,243 SENSATION OF THAT FEELING ON THE 1454 00:56:03,243 --> 00:56:05,345 AIRPLANE WHEN IT WANTS TO CLIMB 1455 00:56:05,345 --> 00:56:09,149 SO QUICKLY AND YOU LET GO OF THE 1456 00:56:09,149 --> 00:56:09,516 ROCKET? 1457 00:56:09,516 --> 00:56:10,617 AND I HAVE ONE FOLLOW-UP. 1458 00:56:10,617 --> 00:56:12,085 >> THE BEST WAY TO DESCRIBE IT. 1459 00:56:12,085 --> 00:56:13,420 IF YOU HAVE RID TPHEPB A RIDE 1460 00:56:13,420 --> 00:56:15,955 THAT PUSHES YOU DOWN IN YOUR 1461 00:56:15,955 --> 00:56:17,624 SEAT RATHER QUICKLY. 1462 00:56:17,624 --> 00:57:01,568 WE LOSE THE WEIG 1463 00:57:01,568 --> 00:57:02,635 DISSIPATING ENERGY WE CAN LEVEL 1464 00:57:02,635 --> 00:57:03,837 THE PLANE AGAIN. 1465 00:57:03,837 --> 00:57:05,905 >> THE NUMBERS, WHAT IS THE 1466 00:57:05,905 --> 00:57:11,578 TARGET ALTITUDE, AIR SPEED. 1467 00:57:11,578 --> 00:57:12,212 >> ALTITUDE 39,000. 1468 00:57:12,212 --> 00:57:14,581 TARGET AIR SPEED FOR LAUNCH IS 1469 00:57:14,581 --> 00:57:18,518 .82 MACH AND OUR LAUNCH HEADING 1470 00:57:18,518 --> 00:57:30,230 IS ABOUT 113 DEGREES MAGNETIC. 1471 00:57:30,230 --> 00:57:31,431 >> TWO QUESTIONS. 1472 00:57:31,431 --> 00:57:33,733 FIRST OF ALL, IS THIS A CERTAIN 1473 00:57:33,733 --> 00:57:35,368 MEETING THAT TAKES PLACE 1474 00:57:35,368 --> 00:57:38,204 TOMORROW AT A CERTAIN TIME AT 1475 00:57:38,204 --> 00:57:39,839 WHICH IT WILL BE DECIDED WHETHER 1476 00:57:39,839 --> 00:57:42,041 THE WEATHER WILL BE FAVORABLE OR 1477 00:57:42,041 --> 00:57:44,110 ALL THE WAY UP UNTIL LAUNCH 1478 00:57:44,110 --> 00:57:44,477 TIME? 1479 00:57:44,477 --> 00:57:47,046 OR TIME WHEN YOU TAKE OFF AROUND 1480 00:57:47,046 --> 00:57:48,581 8:30 OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 1481 00:57:48,581 --> 00:57:51,017 AND THE SECOND QUESTION IS WHAT 1482 00:57:51,017 --> 00:57:53,953 HAPPENS IF BOTH WEDNESDAY AND 1483 00:57:53,953 --> 00:57:57,290 THURSDAY ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE FROM 1484 00:57:57,290 --> 00:57:58,424 A WEATHER PERFORMANCE? 1485 00:57:58,424 --> 00:57:59,025 WHAT HAPPENS? 1486 00:57:59,025 --> 00:58:00,527 IS THERE A BACK UP DATE AFTER 1487 00:58:00,527 --> 00:58:02,495 THAT OR WHAT? 1488 00:58:02,495 --> 00:58:04,564 >> WRAPPING UP, SO ANSWER 1489 00:58:04,564 --> 00:58:04,898 QUICKLY. 1490 00:58:04,898 --> 00:58:07,300 >> YTHERE WILL BE A MEETING -- 1491 00:58:07,300 --> 00:58:08,334 YES, THERE WILL BE A MEETING 1492 00:58:08,334 --> 00:58:08,968 TOMORROW. 1493 00:58:08,968 --> 00:58:10,603 SENIOR MANAGEMENT MEETS WITH 1494 00:58:10,603 --> 00:58:12,805 NASA TO DECIDE WHAT THE RISK 1495 00:58:12,805 --> 00:58:13,673 FACTORS ARE AND THE PROBABILITY 1496 00:58:13,673 --> 00:58:14,440 OF SUCCESS IS. 1497 00:58:14,440 --> 00:58:15,775 AND I BELIEVE WE HAVE THURSDAY 1498 00:58:15,775 --> 00:58:18,978 AND FRIDAY AS BACK UP DAYS. 1499 00:58:18,978 --> 00:58:19,479 >> FANTASTIC. 1500 00:58:19,479 --> 00:58:21,514 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 1501 00:58:21,514 --> 00:58:24,184 WE HAD ONE QUICK QUESTION WE 1502 00:58:24,184 --> 00:58:25,652 WEREN'T ABLE TO ANSWER AND I 1503 00:58:25,652 --> 00:58:32,192 WANT TO MAKE SURE NIKKI IS 1504 00:58:32,192 --> 00:58:32,959 AVAILABLE THE COST. 1505 00:58:32,959 --> 00:58:37,363 >> THE COST, THE NASA COST IS 1506 00:58:37,363 --> 00:58:37,764 252 MILLION. 1507 00:58:37,764 --> 00:58:39,499 AND WE'RE HAPPY WE HAVE NOT 1508 00:58:39,499 --> 00:58:42,202 VIOLATED THAT COST AT ALL. 1509 00:58:42,202 --> 00:58:48,575 AND FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO DON'T 1510 00:58:48,575 --> 00:58:51,544 22,000 MILES UP FROM ABOVE THE 1511 00:58:51,544 --> 00:58:53,379 SEA SURFACE. 1512 00:58:53,379 --> 00:58:53,880 >> FANTASTIC. 1513 00:58:53,880 --> 00:58:56,583 PLEASE TUNE IN FOR THE LAUNCH 1514 00:58:56,583 --> 00:58:57,884 COVERAGE WHICH WILL BE TOMORROW 1515 00:58:57,884 --> 00:58:59,886 NIGHT. 1516 00:58:59,886 --> 00:59:03,289 NASA.GOV/LIVE. 1517 00:59:03,289 --> 00:59:05,158 WE HAVE HAD GREAT FUN TODAY. 1518 00:59:05,158 --> 00:59:07,360 LOOKING FORWARD TO TOMORROW. 1519 00:59:07,360 --> 00:59:07,627 GOODBYE.