[♪♪♪]
>> WE HAVE TAKEN TREMENDOUS
STEPS.
WE HAVE ACHIEVED THE BREATH
TAKING, THE EARTH SHAKING, THE
GROUND BREAKING, AND LEFT THE
MARK IN THE HEAVENS.
OUR SUCCESSES BUILD ONE UPON
ANOTHER AND AMPLIFY WHAT IS
POSSIBLE.
IT'S TIME WE TAKE THE NEXT GREAT
LEAP.
WE'RE BUILDING THE NEXT CHAPTER
OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION,
RETURNING TO THE MOON TO STAY SO
WE CAN GO BEYOND, TO MARS, TO
EXPAND WHAT'S POSSIBLE AND
FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING.
THE ARCHITECTURE FOR THESE
MISSIONS IS ALREADY TAKING
SHAPE.
WE WILL GO WITH NEW SYSTEMS,
BOLD DESIGN, AND A SUSTAINABLE
MISSION.
YOU CAN SEE IT, TOUCH IT, TASTE
IT.
WE ARE PRESSING OUR PIONEER
SPIRIT INTO EVERY COMPONENT,
DESIGNING OUR RESOLVE INTO EVERY
LINE OF CODE, SECURING OUR
SUCCESS WITH EVERY WELCOMED
PARTNERSHIP.
THIS IS NOT HYPOTHETICAL, THIS
IS ABOUT SCIENCE AND FEEDING
FORWARD THE ADVANCE OF THE HUMAN
SPIRIT BECAUSE WE ARE THE
PIONEERS, THE STAR SAILORS, THE
THINKERS, THE VISIONARIES, THE
DOERS.
AND BECAUSE WE STAND ON THE
SHOULDERS OF GIANTS TO GO
FARTHER THAN HUMANITY HAS EVER
BEEN, WE WILL ADD OUR NAMES TO
THE ROLLS OF THE GREATEST
ADVENTURERS IN HISTORY, EVERY
DAY, EVERY MISSION, WE ADVANCE
THIS CALL.
WE ARE NASA.
AND AFTER 60 YEARS, WE'RE JUST
GETTING STARTED.
[Applause]
>> ALL RIGHT.
MAN, THOSE VIDEOS ARE A TOUGH
ACT TO FOLLOW.
THEY ARE OUTSTANDING.
WELL, GOOD AFTERNOON AND WELCOME
TO THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER AND
THE DAWN OF A NEW ERA IN THE
EXPLORATION OF THE SPACE CENTER
AND MARS.
I AM PLEASED TO WELCOME YOU ALL,
DISTINGUISHED GUESTS, NASA'S
VALUED EMPLOYEES WATCHING FROM
ACROSS THE NATION, AND OUR
GUESTS HERE AND BROAD.
IT WAS 50 YEARS AGO THIS JULY
THAT KSC WAS THE LAUNCH SITE FOR
THAT HISTORIC APOLLO 11 MISSION,
WHEN PRESIDENT KENNEDY STOOD
BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF
CONGRESS, AND HE ANNOUNCED HIS
AMBITIOUS GOAL OF SENDING HUMANS
TO THE MOON AND RETURNING THEM
SAFELY.
WE STILL HAD TO FIGURE OUT HOW
TO MAKE THAT WORK.
WE QUICKLY RAMPED UP OPERATIONS
HERE AT KSC.
WE HAD THE MERCURY 7 CREW HERE.
WE HOSTED THEM, WE WORKED HARD
ON THE GEMINI, WORKING ON
EVERYTHING WE NEEDED TO TO GET
THE FIRST HUMANS ON THE MOON TO
MAKE THE FIRST STEPS ON THE
LUNAR SURFACE 50 YEARS AGO.
WE'LL BE TAKING SIMILAR STEPS AS
WE BUILD A SUSTAINABLE
ARCHITECTURE.
THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER IS UP
TO THE CHALLENGE AND WE CAN'T
WAIT TO SEE ROCKETS ON THOSE
LAUNCH PADS TAKING HUMANS BACK
TO THE MOON AND EVENTUALLY ONTO
MARS.
IT'S MY PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE
TIM BRIDENSTINE.
TIM CAME ON BOARD ABOUT THE TIME
THE PRESIDENT SIGNED SPACE
POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE THAT
DIRECTED US TO SEND HUMANS TO
THE MOON FOR LONG-TERM
EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION,
FOLLOWED BY MISSIONS TO MARS.
HIS PASSION FOR FLIGHT AND SPACE
EXPLORATION SERVED HIM WELL ON
THE ARMED FORCES COMMITTEE AND
THE TECHNOLOGY SPACE AND SCIENCE
COMMITTEE IN CONGRESS.
AND TODAY, THAT PASSION IS
INSPIRING THE NASA WORKFORCE AND
THE PUBLIC ON A NEW MISSION OF
EXPLORATION.
PLEASE WELCOME OUR 13th
ADMINISTRATOR, JIM BRIDENSTINE.
[Applause]
>> WELL, BOB, THANK YOU FOR THAT
INTRODUCTION AND THANK YOU ALL
FOR BEING HERE ON A DAY THAT WE
THINK IS EXCITING.
TODAY, WE ARE ROLLING OUT THE
PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST FOR
NASA, AND I'M VERY HAPPY TO TELL
YOU THAT NASA'S BUDGET REQUEST
FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES IS STRONG, AND WE HAVE
STRONG BIPARTISAN SUPPORT IN
BOTH CHAMBERS OF CONGRESS.
[Applause]
>> I'M GOING TO SPEND A FEW
MINUTES TALKING ABOUT A MISSION
THAT I THINK IS A LOT OF FUN,
VERY EXCITING, AND
TRANSFORMATIVE, AS A MATTER OF
FACT, OF THE WAY WE FLY IN THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
WE HAVE BEEN FLYING THROUGH THE
ATMOSPHERE AT .6 MACH FOR 50
YEARS, AND I THINK IT'S TIME WE
CHANGE THAT.
THE X-59 AND THE AIR FORCE
MISSION DIRECTORATE IS FUNDED AT
A VERY STRONG LEVEL.
I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND
ABOUT WHAT THIS MEANS.
LAST YEAR, WE SAW OVER GALVESTON
WHAT A SONIC BOOM WILL DO TO
COMMUNITIES, FROM AN ANNOYANCE
PERSPECTIVE AND FROM AN
INFRASTRUCTURE PERSPECTIVE.
WHEN WE SAW THAT, WE WERE ABLE
TO MAKE DETERMINATIONS AS TO
WHAT THE LEVEL OF TOLERANCE
WOULD BE FOR A SONIC BOOM.
IT HAS BEEN BANNED BY A LONG
TIME BY THE F.A.A. TO FLY OVER
THE UNITED STATES AS SUPER SONIC
AIR SPEEDS BECAUSE OF THE
PROBLEMS WITH DISTURBANCE TO
INFRASTRUCTURE.
WE AS NASA HAVE BEEN WORKING FOR
A LONG TIME TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN.
IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, WE ARE
ASSESSING WHAT IS THE TOLERANCE
FOR A LOW BOOM, AND WE'RE
IMAGING IT.
IN FACT JUST THE OTHER DAY, WE
HAD A BEECHCRAFT 200 FLY WITH A
BRAND-NEW CAMERA AND LOOK AT TWO
T-38s FLYING BELOW IT AT SUPER
SONIC SPEEDS AND LOOKING AT THAT
PRESSURE WAVE.
NOT JUST AT THE BOW BUT AT ALL
THOSE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
T-38s BUT WHEN THEY COMBINE.
BECAUSE WHEN THOSE PRESSURE
COMBINES, THAT'S WHEN WE GET THE
SUPER SONIC BOOM AND THAT'S WHAT
CAN BE TROUBLING FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE.
SO WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO IS
TAKE WHAT WE LEARNED FROM THESE
EXPERIMENTS AND TAKE THE X-59
THAT'S GOING TO BE FLOWN IN THE
YEAR 2021 SO FOR THE FIRST TIME
WE CAN GET REGULATIONS ON THE
BOOKS IN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA THAT SAY YOU CAN FLY
SUPER SONIC.
THE X-59 IS GOING TO FLY AT MACH
1.4 AT 55,000 FEET.
WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO GO
FROM ONE SIDE OF THE UNITED
STATES TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE
UNITED STATES IN A COUPLE OF
HOURS INSTEAD OF FIVE OR SIX
HOURS, DEPENDING ON THE WINDS.
THIS IS TRANSFORMATIVE TO BE
ABLE TO GET TO ONE SIDE OF THE
COUNTRY FROM THE OTHER AND
TRAVEL IN THE COUNTRY.
JUST THAT MISSION IS THE X-57
MAXWELL, THE FIRST ALL ELECTRIC
TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT CAPABLE OF
CARRYING PASSENGERS AND CARGO,
ALL ELECTRIC.
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
THAT MEANS WE CAN DRIVE DOWN THE
COST OF TRANSPORTING PEOPLE AND
CARGO FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
BY UP TO AND EVEN IN SOME CASES
OVER 60%.
WELL, IF WE CAN DRIVE DOWN THE
COST BY THAT AMOUNT, THAT MEANS
WE'RE GOING TO HAVE POTENTIALLY
COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS GOING TO MORE
DESTINATIONS THAN EVER BEFORE.
WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO SERVE
COMMUNITIES WITH AIR TRAVEL THAT
HISTORICALLY HAVE NOT BEEN
SERVED WITH AIR TRAVEL.
I WANT TO BE CLEAR, WE ARE NOT
THERE YET.
BUT THE X-57 MAXWELL IS THE TOOL
BY WHICH WE WILL BE ABLE TO
ACCOMPLISH THESE OBJECTIVES, AND
DRIVING DOWN COST AND INCREASING
ACCESS TO AIR TRAVEL IS THE WAY
THAT WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO
INCREASE THE STANDARD OF LIVING
FOR EVERY AMERICAN, AND THAT'S
REALLY WHAT NASA IS ALL ABOUT,
ELEVATING THE HUMAN CONDITION,
AND THE X-57 IS A TOOL TO
ACCOMPLISH THAT.
ONE OTHER VERY EXCITING MISSION
WITHIN THE AIR FORCE RESEARCH
DIRECTORATE THAT I'M REALLY KIND
OF INTRIGUED BY IS URBAN AIR
MOBILITY.
THE IDEA THAT YOU CAN FLY ON AN
UNMANNED, I SHOULD SAY, UNCREWED
CRAFT, NO PILOT, LET'S SAY THAT,
FROM ONE SIDE OF THE CITY TO
ANOTHER SIDE OF THE CITY JUST
LIKE YOU WOULD DRIVE A CAR.
NOW, AGAIN, WE'RE NOT THERE YET,
BUT IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THAT, WE
FIRST START WITH CARGO, AND
THERE IS INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED
STATES RIGHT NOW VERY EXCITED
ABOUT THAT EVENTUALITY.
WHY?
BECAUSE IT WILL HELP THEM GET
PACKAGES TO YOUR DOORSTEP FASTER
AND MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN EVER
BEFORE.
ONCE WE DO THAT, THERE IS NO
LIMIT TO WHAT WE CAN DO WITH
HUMANS IN THE FUTURE.
BUT TO DO THAT, WE HAVE TO
INTEGRATE UNMANNED SYSTEMS INTO
THE NATIONAL AIR SPACE SYSTEM.
THAT'S NOT AN EASY FEAT.
WHEN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT DOING
THAT IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS,
THERE'S A WHOLE LEVEL OF SAFETY
THAT HAS TO COME INTO PLAY.
WHAT WE'RE DOING IS WORKING ON
THOSE VERY CHALLENGING PROBLEMS
SO THAT ONE DAY, WE'RE GOING TO
BE ABLE TO DELIVER PACKAGES TO
YOUR DOORSTEP IN A VEHICLE THAT
FLIES IN THE SKY OVER POPULATED
CENTERS MORE EFFICIENTLY AND
EVEN FLY HUMANS FROM ONE SIDE OF
THE CITY TO THE OTHER.
SO THESE ARE ALL VERY EXCITED
THINGS WITHIN THE AERONAUTICS
MISSION DIRECTORATE, AND I
WANTED TO MAKE SURE I STARTED
THE SPEECH TODAY TALKING ABOUT
THAT PART OF THE BUDGET BECAUSE
AS A NAVY PILOT, I LIKE THE IDEA
OF EVERYBODY BEING ABLE TO FLY
SUPER SONIC AND OF COURSE
EVERYBODY BEING ABLE TO FLY IN
GENERAL AND EVENTUALLY EVERYBODY
BEING ABLE TO FLY FROM ONE SIDE
OF THE CITY TO ANOTHER SIDE OF
THE CITY.
SO LET'S TAKE IT UP A NOTCH FROM
AERONAUTICS TO SPACE.
WE HAVE SEEN WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
WE AS NASA IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT,
WE BECOME ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY
CUSTOMERS IN A ROBUST COMMERCIAL
MARKETPLACE IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT.
WE JUST SAW A SPACEX CREW DRAGON
DOCK WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION DELIVER FROM
CARGO, A LITTLE EARTH HUMANOID,
ULTIMATELY DO A LOT OF TESTS,
UNDOCK, FLY HOME, AND LAND
SAFELY.
THAT IS A FIRST STEP IN A MUCH
LONGER MISSION FOR NASA TO
BECOME ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY
CUSTOMERS IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT IN
A ROBUST COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE.
AND AT THE SAME TIME, HAVING
NUMEROUS PROVIDERS THAT ARE
COMPETING ON COST AND
INNOVATION.
WHY IS THAT SO IMPORTANT?
BECAUSE WE NEED TO DRIVE DOWN
COSTS, WE NEED TO INCREASE
ACCESS, WE NEED TO MAKE SPACE
FLIGHT MORE AVAILABLE TO MORE
PEOPLE.
THAT INCLUDES COMMERCIAL
ACTIVITIES.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
MANUFACTURING, WE'RE TALKING
ABOUT TOURISM, WE'RE TALKING
ABOUT PHARMACEUTICALS, MAYBE
FIBEROPTICS.
WE NEED TO DEVELOP THAT VERY
ROBUST COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE IN
LOW-EARTH ORBIT.
IT STARTS WITH CARGO.
IT IS NOW STARTING TO GET TO THE
POINT WHERE WE'RE GOING TO BE
LAUNCHING CREW.
BY THE WAY, WE'RE GOING TO DO
THAT IN 2019.
[Applause]
>> AND EVENTUALLY, WE'RE GOING
TO GET TO A DAY WHERE LOW-EARTH
ORBIT IN HABITATION WILL BE
GENERALIZED.
IN OTHER WORDS, NASA WILL BE A
CUSTOMER FOR MANY CUSTOMERS,
COMPETING ON COST AND
INNOVATION, NOT JUST FOR
RESUPPLY, NOT JUST FOR CREW, BUT
FOR SCIENCE, HABITATION,
CAPABILITY, AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT.
LET'S TALK ABOUT THAT.
WHY DOES NASA WANT TO
COMMERCIALIZE LOW-EARTH ORBIT.
IT IS IN OUR INTERESTS TO TAKE
ADVANTAGE OF MARKETPLACES WHERE
THEY EXIST BECAUSE COST GOES
DOWN, AND THEN WE CAN USE THE
AMERICAN TAX DOLLARS, THE
RESOURCES WE ARE GIVEN BY THE
AMERICAN TAXPAYER TO GO FURTHER
THAN WE'VE EVER DONE BEFORE.
THAT'S WHAT WE DO.
THE PRESIDENT HAS GIVEN US SPACE
POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE WHICH SAYS
GO BACK TO THE MOON, AND WE'RE
GOING TO DO THAT IN SHORT ORDER,
MAYBE EVEN IN 2019, BUT AT LEAST
BY 2020 WITH COMMERCIAL LUNAR
PAY LOAD SERVICES THAT ARE GOING
TO BE FUNDED THROUGH THE SCIENCE
MISSION DIRECTORATE, AND ALL OF
THIS IS GOING TO BE POSSIBLE
BECAUSE WE'RE LOOKING AT GOING
FAST.
THERE'S TWO THINGS WHEN WE TALK
ABOUT COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAY LOAD
SERVICES THAT ARE IMPORTANT.
NUMBER ONE, IT'S COMMERCIAL.
WE WANT COMPETITION ON BOTH COST
AND INNOVATION.
AND NUMBER TWO, IT'S GOING TO BE
FAST.
NASA IS NOT GOING TO BE THE LONG
POLE IN THE TENT.
NASA -- WE'VE ALREADY PROVIDED
TEN DIFFERENT PAY LOADS THAT ARE
READY TO GO TO THE MOON.
AND VERY SOON, WE'RE GOING TO BE
ISSUING CONTRACTS TO COMPANIES
TO DELIVER THOSE PAY LOADS.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT SMALL
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS TO THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON.
NOW IT'S NOT TALK ABOUT
DELIVERING SCIENTIFIC
INSTRUMENTS TO THE SURFACE OF
THE MOON, IT'S ABOUT HAVING A
SUSTAINABLE PRESENCE ON AND
AROUND THE MOON.
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THAT
DIRECTIVE, WE NEED A PERMANENT
COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE IN
ORBIT AROUND THE MOON.
WE CALL IT GATEWAY, AND THAT'S
FULLY FUNDED IN THIS PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET REQUEST.
[Applause]
>> I HEAR PEOPLE SOMETIMES SAY
WELL, YOU KNOW, GATEWAY IS NOT A
SPACE STATION.
IT IS NOT, IT IS A COMMAND AND A
SURFACE MODULE, BUT IT WILL HAVE
THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE CREW.
THE OTHER THING THAT'S IMPORTANT
ABOUT GATEWAY IS IT'S GOING TO
UTILIZE SOLAR ELECTRIC
PROPULLTION TO BE MANEUVERABLE.
WHEN WE GO BACK TO APOLLO, WE
LANDED THREE ASTRONAUTS ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON, 1961 TO
1972.
BECAUSE OF THAT, WE NEVER WENT
TO THE POLES.
WELL, THERE'S A LOT OF VALUABLE
MATERIAL AT THE POLES, NAMELY,
WATER ICE.
WE DISCOVERED IT IN 2009 IN
MASSIVE QUANTITIES, HUNDREDS OF
MILLIONS OF TONS OF WATER ICE AT
THE POLES OF THE MOON.
WELL WHAT GATEWAY REPRESENTS IS
NOT JUST AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO TO
THE MOON OVER AND OVER AGAIN IN
A SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE, BUT
IT REPRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO
GO TO MORE PARTS OF THE MOON
THAN EVER BEFORE.
OUR GOAL IS NOT JUST TO LAND IN
ONE SPOT OF THE MOON AND LEARN A
WHOLE LOT ABOUT ALL OF THE
THINGS THAT ARE HAPPENING IN ONE
KILOMETER AROUND THAT ONE SPOT.
WE'RE INTERESTED IN LEARNING
ABOUT THE WHOLE MOON.
GATEWAY IS GOING TO ALLOW US
WITH THIS REUSABLE SERVICE
MODULE, WITH THAT COMMAND
SERVICE, IT'S ALSO GOING TO GO
TO THE POLES OF THE MOON, IT CAN
GO TO THE SOUTH, L-1 AND L-1,
GIVER ROVERS AND HUMANS MORE
ACCESS TO THE MOON THAN EVER
BEFORE.
WE DON'T WANT TO MISS ANYTHING.
THERE'S A LOT TO LEARN, AND THIS
IS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY.
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT
SUSTAINABILITY, WHAT DOES THAT
MEAN?
THAT MEANS WE'RE ABLE TO LAUNCH
MASS PAY LOADS OFF THE SURFACE
OF THE EARTH.
WE NEED THE SLS, AND WE NEED THE
ORION SERVICE MODULE.
WHEN THE PRESIDENT SAYS GO TO
THE MOON, AND HE SAYS GO
SUSTAINABLY, IN OTHER WORDS,
WHEN YOU GO THIS TIME, YOU NEED
TO STAY.
WHEN THE PRESIDENT SAYS THAT,
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
IT MEANS WE NEED REUSABLE.
WE'VE SEEN WHAT HAPPENED IN LOW
EARTH ORBITS, WHEN WE HAVE LOW
USE ROCKETS.
THE PRODUCTIBLITY GOES UP, AND
THE COST GOES DOWN.
EVERYTHING NEEDS TO BE REUSABLE
BUILT INTO THE ARCHITECTURE, AND
THAT'S REALLY WHAT SPACE POLICY
DIRECTIVE ONE IS ALL ABOUT, A
SUSTAINABLE RETURN TO THE MOON.
BUT I HAVE HEARD CRITICISM THAT
MAYBE WHEN WITH YOU TALK ABOUT
SUSTAIN -- WE TALK ABOUT
SUSTAINABLE AND REUSABLE, WHY DO
WE BUILD SLS AND ORION?
IT'S GOING TO HAVE A LOT OF
COMPONENTS THAT ARE REUSABLE.
WE'RE WORKING WITH OUR PARTNERS
AT LOCKHEED MARTIN.
WE COULD BE REUSING THE PRESSURE
VESSEL OF ORION IN THE NEAR
FUTURE.
THAT'S GOING TO HELP US BUILD
REUSABLITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
INTO THE PROJECT.
WHEN IT COMES TO SLS, AND ON
THIS POINT, I WANT TO BE CRYSTAL
CLEAR.
SLS IS NOT REUSABLE, BUT IT IS A
CRITICAL PIECE OF THE
ARCHITECTURE THAT ENABLES US TO
DELIVERY USABILITY TO THE MOON.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT LAUNCHING
GATEWAY AND ORION AND THE
EUROPEAN SERVICE MODULE.
ALL OF THESE THINGS ARE PART OF
A REUSABLE ARCHITECTURE.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A ROCKET
THAT'S BIGGER THAN ANY ROCKET
THAT'S EVER BEEN BUILT IN HUMAN
HISTORY, WITH A PAY LOAD FAIRING
CAPABLE OF CARRYING VOLUMES THAT
WE'VE EVER SEEN BEFORE, TALLEN
ER -- TALLER THAN THE STATUE OF
LIBERTY.
THIS IS A TRANSFORMATIONAL
STRATEGIC CAPABLITY FOR THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
COMMERCIAL CREW COMMERCIAL
RESUPPLY AND COMMERCIAL SUPPLY
FOR REHABITATION, ALL OF THIS IS
VERY STRONG IN THE PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET REQUEST, AND WE ARE
THRILLED THAT HE IS BACKING IT
UP NOT JUST WITH SPACE
DIRECTORATIVE ONE, BUT WITH THE
BUDGET, HE'S GOING TO BUILD UP
SUSTAINABLE RETURN TO THE MOON.
[Applause]
>> ONE OTHER VERY EXCITING THING
I NEED TO MAKE SURE EVERYBODY IS
AWARE OF WHEN WE TALK ABOUT OUR
MOON ACTIVITIES.
FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OVER TEN
YEARS, WE HAVE MONEY IN THIS
BUDGET FOR A RETURN TO THE MOON
WITH HUMANS.
I'M TALKING ABOUT HUMAN RATED
LANDERS COMPATIBLE WITH GATEWAY
THAT CAN GO BACK AND FORTH TO
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.
WE ARE FUNDING HUMAN RATED
LANDERS TO GO TO THE MOON FOR
THE FIRST TIME IN OVER TEN
YEARS.
[Applause]
>> OKAY.
SO WE HAVE A REALLY SPECIAL
OPPORTUNITY.
I'D LIKE TO LET EVERYBODY KNOW
THAT WE'RE GOING TO GO LIVE FROM
THE JOHNSON SPATE CENTER WHERE
WE'RE GOING TO MEET ASTRONAUT
KAREN NYEBERG.
SHE'S GOING TO TAKE US ON A TOUR
OF A MOCKUP THAT ASTRONAUTS WILL
USE TO GO TO THE MOON.
>> I'M HERE AT THE JOHNSON SPACE
CENTER INSIDE A TEST VERSION OF
THE ORION CAPSULE.
OVER AT KSC YOU OF COURSE ARE
SEEING THE REAL HARDWARE, WHAT
WE'RE GOING TO USE TO FLY CREWS
TO SPACE, TO THE VICINITY OF THE
MOON.
THIS IS ACTUALLY A VOLUMETRIC
MOCKUP, THE SAME SIZE WHAT YOU
WOULD EXPECT THE ORION IS.
YOU REALLY GET A SENSE WHEN
YOU'RE SITTING IN HERE, WHEN YOU
GET INSIDE, WHAT IT'S GOING TO
BE LIKE FOR THE CREW WHEN WE
ACTUALLY START TAKING IT TO THE
VICINITY OF THE MOON.
I'M SITTING HERE NEXT TO THE
COMMANDER SEAT.
THE COMMANDER WOULD BE SITTING
HERE TO MY LEFT, AND IN FRONT OF
US ARE THE DISPLAYS.
WE HAVE THREE SCREENS WE CAN
SWITCH, DEPENDING ON WHAT PHASE
OF FLIGHT WE'RE IN.
HERE WE MONITOR ALL OF OUR
SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATIONS, PROP,
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.
WE CAN MONITOR OUR POSITION IN
SPACE AND OUR TRAJECTORIES.
HERE IS A WINDOW, WHICH I THINK
IS A KEY COMPONENT FOR ANYTHING
THAT'S GOING TO CARRY PEOPLE,
AND I'M SURE THIS IS GOING TO
PROVIDE A GREAT VIEW OF THE MOON
FOR PEOPLE THAT ARE GETTING
NEAR.
IT'S A GREAT TIME FOR NASA NOW.
NOT ONLY ARE WE BUILDING ORION
AND SLS, BUT WE'RE CONTINUING TO
LIVE ON BOARD THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION FOR INVESTIGATORS
ALL OVER THE WORLD.
WE'RE ALSO DEMONSTRATING SOME
HARDWARE ON THE SPACE STATION
AND OF COURSE FOSTERING THE
COMMERCIAL PARTICIPATION IN
SPACE TRAVEL.
AND AT THE SAME TIME GETTING
READY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
GATEWAY AND THE LUNAR LANDERS
AND ALL OF THE SCIENCE PAY LOADS
THAT ARE REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH
THAT -- THAT PRESENCE THERE.
IT'S REALLY, REALLY EXCITING FOR
ALL OF US.
I HAVE WITH ME HERE -- TO SHOW
THIS IS A LUNAR SAMPLE THAT WAS
ACTUALLY BROUGHT BACK FROM ONE
OF THE APOLLO MISSIONS, AND THIS
ONE ACTUALLY FLEW ON A SPACE
SHUTTLE TO THE SPACE STATION.
WE'RE REALLY EXCITED AS CREW TO
BRING BACK SAMPLES LIKE THIS FOR
SCIENTISTS TO STUDY AGAIN.
AND EVENTUALLY, SAMPLES FROM
MARS.
BACK TO YOU, ADMINISTRATOR
BRIDENSTINE.
>> WELL, KAREN, THANK YOU FOR
THAT BRIEF AND THAT UPDATE.
CAN YOU SHARE WITH US AS AN
ASTRONAUT, AND I KNOW YOU'RE
WORKING WITH THE ASTRONAUT CORPS
ALL THE TIME, WITH ALL OF THESE
DEVELOPMENTS UNDERWAY AND
TESTING -- OF COURSE WE'VE GOT
THE DRAGON, THE STAR LINER, AND
NOW WE'VE GOT ORION, DO THE
ASTRONAUTS FLY -- FIGHT OVER
WHO'S GOING TO FLY WHICH
VEHICLE?
>> I THINK EVERYBODY HAS IN
THEIR MIND THAT THEY WANT TO FLY
SOMETHING.
I THINK WE'RE IN A UNIQUE
POSITION THAT WE CAN SUPPLY
SOMETHING, AND I THINK EVERYONE
IS JUST HAPPY TO GET A FLIGHT
ASSIGNMENT.
>> WELL, KAREN, THANK YOU FOR
THAT.
I'M GOING TO TALK JUST FOR A
SECOND ABOUT THAT LUNAR SAMPLE
THAT YOU HAVE IN YOUR HAND.
WE HAVE A SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
TODAY.
WE HAVE THREE LUNAR SAMPLES THAT
HAVE COME BACK FROM THE MOON
THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN OPENED.
WE'RE GOING BACK TO OUR MISSIONS
FROM 1969 TO 1972, THREE MISSION
SAMPLES THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN
OPENED.
AND IN THIS PARTICULAR BUDGET
AND THIS PARTICULAR YEAR, WE ARE
VERY MUCH LOOKING FORWARD TO
CONTRACTING WITH NINE DIFFERENT
COMPANIES TO HAVE THE
OPPORTUNITY TO USE THE
TECHNOLOGY WE HAVE TODAY TO
STUDY THOSE VERY PRISTINE
SIMPLES THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN
OPENED.
NOW I WANT TO BE CLEAR.
HERE'S A CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
PIECE OF KNOWLEDGE THAT WE NEED
TO UNDER.
WHEN THE PREVIOUS GENERATIONS
DID APOLLO, THEY KNEW THAT THE
TECHNOLOGY THAT THEY HAD IN THAT
DAY WAS NOT THE TECHNOLOGY THAT
WE WOULD HAVE IN THIS DAY, SO
THEY MADE A DETERMINATION THAT
THEY WERE GOING TO PRESERVE
SAMPLES BECAUSE THEY KNEW THERE
WOULD BE A DAY WHEN BETTER
TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE ABLE TO
BETTER ASSESS ALL OF THE
DIFFERENT -- THE HISTORY OF THE
MOON FROM ULTIMATELY THE
TECHNOLOGY THAT WE HAVE TODAY.
SO TODAY, WE HAVE THIS VERY
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT THAT WE
HAVE NINE TEAMS THAT WILL BE
EXAMINING NINE UNOPENED SAMPLES
THAT HAVE COME BACK FROM THE
MOON, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE CAN DO
THAT BECAUSE THERE ARE MORE
LUNAR SAMPLES ON THE HORIZON
WHERE WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO
LEARN MORE ABOUT WE'VE EVER
LEARNED ABOUT THE MOON BEFORE.
SO I'D LIKE TO THANK, IF IT'S
OKAY, THE APOLLO GENERATION FOR
PRESERVING THESE SAMPLES --
[Applause]
>> -- SO THAT OUR GENERATION
COULD HAVE THIS OPPORTUNITY.
KAREN, THANK YOU FOR YOUR
GREAT -- GREAT FEEDBACK ON
WHAT'S HAPPENING THERE AT THE
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.
I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND --
OH, YES, PLEASE.
[Applause]
>> I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND
ABOUT THE GATEWAY.
ONE OF THE VALUABLE CAPABILITIES
THAT THE GATEWAY IS GOING TO
BRING IS A PLUS UP IN SOLAR
ELECTRIC PROPULLTION.
NOW, THE GATEWAY IS NOT AN
ELECTRIC SPACE STATION.
WE WANT IT TO BE MANEUVER AROUND
TO GO TO ALL PARTS OF THE MOON.
AND IN ORDER TO DO THAT, CAN
CAN'T GROW TOO BIG.
THE MASS CAN'T BE TOO BIG, SO WE
CAN USE SOLAR PROPULSION, TO BE
ABLE TO GO AGAIN TO THE POLES,
BOTH THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH
POLE OF THE MOON.
COULD WE BRING UP A PICTURE OF
THE GATEWAY?
SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE
GATEWAY, I JUST WANT TO SHOW
YOU -- THIS IS KIND OF AN
ASPIRATIONAL VISION OF THE
GATEWAY.
THIS IS NOT WHAT IT IS TODAY,
THIS IS ASPIRATIONAL.
I CAN TELL YOU JUST THIS
MORNING, I GOT OFF THE PHONE
WITH ALL OF OUR PARTNERS ON THE
I.S.S. AND OTHERS, AND THEY ARE
VERY EXCITED ABOUT PARTNERING
WITH US ONGOING TO THE MOON.
COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO, WE
ANNOUNCED THAT CANADA IS
PARTNERING WITH US ON THE CREW
THAT'S GOING TO THE MOON ON THE
GATEWAY.
NOW, THAT'S NOT GOING TO BE
MANNED 24-7, SO ROBOTICS IS
GOING TO BE A BIG PIECE OF IT.
OF COURSE CANADA COMING ON FOR
THE GATEWAY, WE'RE VERY EXCITED,
AND WE HAVE OTHER AGENCIES
AROUND THE WORLD EXCITED ABOUT
PARTNERING WITH GATEWAY.
HERE'S WHY IT'S IMPORTANT.
NASA IS VERY UNIQUE IN ALL OF
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
WE'RE ABLE TO HAVE PARTNERSHIPS
WITH COUNTRIES THAT IN SOME
CASES WE WOULDN'T NORMALLY BE
ABLE TO PARTNER WITH.
YOU CAN SEE ON THIS ROSCOSMOS.
THE RELATIONSHIP WITH UNITED
STATES AND RUSSIA IS STRAINED
TERRESTRIALLY.
BUT SINCE THE HEIGHT OF THE COLD
WAR, WE'VE PARTNERED WITH
RUSSIA.
THE SOYUZ PROGRAM, THE MIR
SHUTTLE PROGRAM, AND THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
BUT IT'S NOT JUST WITH THEM,
IT'S THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY,
IT'S THE JAPANESE SPACE AGENCY.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE GATEWAY,
IT'S NOT THE END STATE, IT'S A
PIECE.
THE END STATE IS ALL OF THE
ABOVE.
ACCESS TO SPACE, NOT JUST LOW
EARTH, BUT DEEP SPACE.
THE GATEWAY.
WHICH IS THIS COMMAND AND
REUSABLE VEHICLE THAT CAN GO TO
THE MOON, THAT CAN TAKE HUMANS
BACK AND FORTH TO THE SURFACE OF
THE MOON REUSABLELY, BUT ALSO
LANDERS AND ROVERS.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THIS
ARCHITECTURE IN THE FUTURE, WE
DON'T WANT TO CONSTRAIN
OURSELVES TO THE TRADITIONAL
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
PARTNERS, THEY ARE GOING TO BE
WITH US, AND WE ARE THRILLED TO
HAVE THEIR SUPPORT.
BUT THERE ARE MORE SPACE
AGENCIES ALL-AROUND THE WORLD
THAN EVER BEFORE IN HUMAN
HISTORY.
AND OF COURSE AS WE ARE NOW
STARTING TO SEE IN A MORE ROBUST
WAY, WE HAVE COMMERCIAL PARTNERS
THAT ARE BRINGING CAPABLITY TO
US, AS WELL.
SO THIS IS JUST A SNAPSHOT OF
THE FUTURE.
IT'S NOT WHERE IT IS RIGHT NOW,
BUT I BELIEVE IN THE FUTURE,
IT'LL LOOK SOMETHING LIKE THIS.
AND IN ORDER TO TALK MORE ABOUT
THE GATEWAY, I'D LIKE TO GO TO
THE GLENN RESEARCH CENTER, WE WE
HAVE DEB WATERS AND DAVE
JACOBSON.
DAVE IS THE CHIEF OF ELECTRIC
PROPULSION OPERATIONS, AND DEB
IS A MANAGER THERE AT GLENN.
I'D LIKE YOU TO SHARE WITH US
FOR A FEW MINUTES WITH WHAT'S
HAPPENING WITH SOLAR ELECTRIC
PROPULSION.
>> HI.
I'M STANDING HERE IN THE HIGH
BAY OF THE SOLAR AND ELECTRIC
PROPULSION LABORATORY WHERE
WE'RE DEVELOPING PECULIAR NOLG
THAT WILL TAKE US TO THE MOON.
WE'VE BEEN CONDUCTING RESEARCH,
DEVELOPMENT, AND EXPERIMENTAL
TESTING IN OUR FACILITIES FOR
OVER 60 YEARS.
RIGHT NOW, WE'RE GETTING READY
TO TEST A TYPE OF SYSTEM THAT
WILL TAKE US FORWARD WITH THE
GATEWAY, THE NEW SPACE CRAFT
THAT WILL BE IN ORBIT AROUND THE
MOON.
MY COLLEAGUE DAVE HERE IS AN
EXPERT IN ELECTRIC PROPULSION.
>> A TEAM HERE AT GLENN'S
RESEARCH CENTER IS WORKING WITH
PARTNERS AT THE JET PROPULSION
LABORATORY.
THE INTENDED APPLICATION FOR
THIS TECHNOLOGY IS THE GATEWAY
THAT DEB AND OTHERS HAVE
REFERRED TO TODAY.
THE GATEWAY WILL ENABLE CREW TO
LIVE AND WORK IN DEEP SPACE FOR
MONTHS AT A TIME AND SERVE AS AN
OUTPOST FOR HUMAN MISSIONS TO
THE LUNAR SERVICE.
THE POWER AND PROPULSION WILL BE
THE FIRST PART OF THE GATEWAY.
GATEWAY WILL UTILIZE SOLAR
ELECTRIC PROPULSION TO MAINTAIN
ITS POSITION AND MAINTAIN
BETWEEN LUNAR ORBITS.
A HALL THRUSTER IONIZES IN AND
OUT -- THE POWER PROCESSES UNIT
TAKES POWER FROM THE SOLAR ARRAY
AND IT CONVERTS IT TO THE
CURRENTS AND VOTAGES NECESSARY
TO OPERATE THE THRUSTER.
TODAY WE'RE PREPARING TO TEST A
PROPULSION THAT IS VERY
IMPORTANT FOR GATEWAY.
LET'S GO INSIDE THE VACUUM
CHAMBER NOW WITH DEB.
>> RIGHT NOW, WE'RE INSIDE THE
F-6.
THIS IS ACTUALLY THE LARGEST
CHAMBER AT LEWIS FIELD VACUUM
CHAMBER AT LEWIS FIELD.
BEHIND ME IS A THRUSTER.
AROUND IT IS A THERMAL SHROUD.
WE'RE GOING TO BE WORKING ON THE
VARIOUS PROBES BEFORE THE FLIGHT
MODEL COMES SOMETIME IN MAY.
BEFORE WE CAN RUN THE THRUSTER,
WE HAVE TO BUTTON UP OUR
FACILITY AND VACUUM OUT THE AIR.
THE CHAMBER WALLS CAN BE
ACTUALLY CHILLED DOWN TO -320°
FAHRENHEIT, AND YOU CAN SEE THAT
THE CHAMBER'S ACTUALLY LINED IN
GRAPHITE.
THE REASON FOR THAT IS IT'S AN
ELECTRIC PROPULSION CHAMBER.
THE GRAPHITE MINIMIZES THE
DAMAGE DONE TO THE CHAMBER AS
WELL AS THAT CHAMBER MATERIAL
COMING BACK AND LANDING ON THE
THRUSTER ITSELF, SO IT MINIMIZES
THE DAMAGE DONE.
IN ORDER TO CREATE A SPACE
ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS THIS, WE TRY
TO DO ALL THE THINGS TO THE
FACILITY TO CREATE THE
ENVIRONMENT THAT YOU WOULD SEE
ON THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND.
THIS IS JUST ONE OF 26 SPACE
FACILITY CHAMBERS WE HAVE HERE
AT GLENN.
WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE WE GET TO
TEST THESE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
POWER AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS AS
WE'RE GETTING READY TO FLY.
IT'LL BE GREAT TO BE ABLE TO SEE
THIS RUNNING NEXT WEEK, RIGHT,
DAVE?
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
AT NASA, WE LIKE TO SAY THAT
TECHNOLOGY DRIVES EXPLORATION.
HERE AT THE GLENN RESEARCH
CENTER, WE'RE VERY EXCITED THAT
PROPULSION IS A PART OF OUR DEEP
SPACE EXPLORATION MISSIONS.
WE LOOK FORWARD TO APPLYING OUR
EXPERTISE TO HUMAN AND ROBOTIC
MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND BEYOND.
>> WITH BACK TO YOU,
ADMINISTRATOR BRIDENSTINE.
>> NICE WORK, DAVE AND DEB.
YOU'RE GETTING APPLAUSE, IF YOU
CAN'T HEAR IT.
[Applause]
>> I GOT A QUESTION FOR YOU,
GUYS, JUST REAL QUICK BEFORE YOU
LEAVE.
WHAT'S THE NEXT MILESTONE IN
THIS PROPULSION DEVELOPMENT?
>> SURE.
SO THE HARDWARE I SHOWED YOU
EARLIER WAS DESIGNED AND BUILD
BY THE GLENN AND J.P.L. TEAM.
IN 2016, WE SELECTED AN INDUSTRY
PARTNER WHO IS FINISHING THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM AND
ALSO QUALIFICATION FOR GATEWAY.
IN THE MAY TIME FRAME, I THINK
DEB MIGHT HAVE REFERRED TO THAT
HARDWARE, WE'LL BE RECEIVING THE
FIRST TECHNOLOGY UNITS AND WE'LL
BE CONDUCTING THE FIRST TESTING
ALL IN SUPPORT OF THE GATEWAY.
>> AWESOME.
LAST QUESTION.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE NEXT
HUMAN OUTPOST IN SPACE, IN ORBIT
AROUND THE MOON, IT'S STARTING
IN CLEVELAND.
HOW DO THE FOLKS IN CLEVELAND
FEEL AT BEING AT THE FOREFRONT
OF THIS OPPORTUNITY.
>> I THINK I'LL SPEAK FOR THE
ENTIRE TEAM AT THE GLENN
RESEARCH CENTER.
FOLKS HAVE WORKED IN THIS AREA
LITERALLY FOR DECADES.
THIS CHAMBER WAS PUT HERE IN
1961, SO YEAH, WE'RE BEYOND
EXCITED TO BRING THAT EXPERTISE
TO BEAR FOR SUCH AN IMPORTANT
THING FOR NASA.
>> WELL, DAVE AND DEB, THANK YOU
FOR YOUR GREAT WORK.
MAKE SURE EVERYBODY THERE KNOWS
HOW GRATEFUL WE ARE, AND WE LOOK
FORWARD TO MAKING THIS A WINNING
ACHIEVEMENT, AND THANK YOU FOR
YOUR GOOD WORK.
>> THANKS FOR THE OPPORTUNITY.
[Applause]
.
>> SO WE'VE TALKED A LOT ABOUT
THE MOON, TO GO TO THE MOON,
SUSTAINABLY, WITH INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS AND COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS, TO UTILIZE THE
RESOURCES OF THE MOON, IN OTHER
WORDS, THE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS
OF TONS OF WATER ICE THAT WE'RE
ALREADY DISCOVERED.
WATER ICE IS AIR DEBRIS, IT'S
WATER TO DRINK.
IT IS IN FACT PROPULSION, AND
IT'S AVAILABLE IN HUNDREDS OF
MILLIONS OF TONS ON THE SURFACE
OF THE MOON.
BUT IT'S ABOUT MORE THAN JUST
THOSE THINGS.
THE LAST PART OF HIS FIRST SPACE
POLICY DIRECTIVE SAYS TO TAPE
THESE -- TAKE THESE CAPABLITIES
FOR AN EVENTUAL MISSION TO MARS.
SO WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO IS
REDUCE RISK, MAKE SURE WHAT
WE'RE DOING IS NOT A DEAD END
AND IN FACT HAS CAPABLITIES OF
BEING UTILIZED ON ANOTHER WORLD,
THAT OTHER WORLD BEING MARS.
LET'S TALK FOR A SECOND ABOUT
MARS.
BY THE WAY, WHEN WE'RE TALKING
ABOUT MARS, LET'S TALK ABOUT THE
SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE, THE
PLANETARY MISSION OF THE SCIENCE
MISSION DIRECTORATE.
HERE'S WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT MARS.
BECAUSE OF THE SCIENCE MISSION
DIRECTORATE, WE NOW KNOW IT WAS
COVERED WITH WATER.
AND IN FACT, THERE WAS FLOWING
WATER ON MARS BECAUSE OF THE
MAVEN ORBITER, WE ULTIMATELY
UNDERSTAND WHAT HAPPENED TO THAT
ATMOSPHERE ON MARS.
WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT AN OCEAN,
THAT MEANS YES THERE WAS AN
OCEAN, AND THERE WAS A THICK
ATMOSPHERE, AND THERE IS A
MAGNETOSPHERE PROTECTING MARS
FROM THAT DEEP AT MOSS AT --
ATMOSPHERE AND SPACE.
ALL OF THIS SUGGESTS THAT AT ONE
TIME, IT WAS HABITABLE, AND
HERE'S WHAT WE KNOW NOW BECAUSE
OF THE CURIOSITY ROVER.
WE KNOW THERE ARE COMPLEX
ORGANIC MATTER ON THE SURFACE OF
MARS.
AND THAT WAS JUST IN THE LAST
YEAR.
WE KNOW NOW THE METHANE CLOCKS
OF MARS ARE COMMENSURRATE WITH
THE SEASONS OF MARS.
THEY ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF
LIFE.
THE PROBABILITY THAT WE MIGHT
FIND LIFE ON ANOTHER WORLD HAS
GONE UP.
WHEN THE METHANE CYCLES WITH
COMMENSURATE WITH THE SEASONS,
IT DOESN'T GUARANTEE THERE'S
LIFE, BUT THERE'S A POSSIBILITY
OF LIFE.
I'M NOT TALKING22 ABOUT222222222
BUN22222 Y222222 ROBERT22222
S2222222222222222222222222WS --
BUNNY RABBITS, BUT I'M -- I'M
TALKING ABOUT LIFE.
ABOUT OUR ABILITY TO POTENTIALLY
REACH OUT AND FIND LIFE ON
ANOTHER WORLD.
[Applause]
>> SO HOW DO WE DO THAT?
THIS BUDGET FULLY FUNDS MARS
2020.
THIS IS AN AMAZING CAPABLITY.
FOR THE FIRST TIME, WE ARE GOING
TO CATCH SAMPLES OF MARS FOR AN
EVENTUAL RETURN.
WE ARE ALSO GOING TO FIGURE OUT
HOW DO WE USE THE CARBON DIOXIDE
OF MARS TO PRODUCE OXYGEN THAT
EVENTUALLY HUMANS WILL BE ABLE
TO BREATHE?
AND EVEN MORE EXCITING, WE ARE
GOING TO, FOR THE FIRST TIME,
FLY A HELICOPTER ON ANOTHER
WORLD WITH THE MARS HELICOPTER.
[Applause]
>> MARS 2020 IS FULLY FUNDED IN
THIS BUDGET REQUEST, BUT EVEN
MORE, A MARS SAMPLE RETURN IS
ALSO FUNDED IN THIS BUDGET
REQUEST, WHICH WE ARE VERY
EXCITED ABOUT.
[Applause]
>> THE MOON IS THE PROVING
GROUND.
MARS IS THE HORIZON GOAL, AND IT
REQUIRES AN ALL-OF-THE-ABOVE
APPROACH.
I'M GOING TO ANCHOR ON THE
SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE JUST
FOR A MINUTE BECAUSE I NEED TO
GIVE A LOT OF CREDIT TO A LOT OF
PEOPLE.
WHEN I WAS HOME FOR CHRISTMAS,
OSIRIS REX ENTERED ORBIT AROUND
BENU, AND WE'RE GOING TO HAVE
THIS DO A SAMPLE FROM BENU, AN
ASTEROID IN DEEP SPACE.
AND JUST A FEW DAYS LATER, WE
FLEW 4 BILLION MILES AWAY FROM
EARTH ON THE OTHER SIDE OF EARTH
IN THE KUYPER BELT.
AND OF COURSE BEFORE WE DID THIS
FLY BY, WE HAD NO IDEA WHAT THIS
OBJECT WOULD LOOK LIKE, BUT NOW,
WE KNOW, AND WE'RE GETTING
VALUABLE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION.
THE PRIORITY IN THIS BUDGET IS
FUNDED VERY, VERY WELL, AND
MAKES US HEALTHY.
IF WE'RE GOING TO FLY HUMANS TO
MARS, WHAT OTHER PARTS OF THE
SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE DO
WE NEED TO FUND AND UNDERSTAND?
WELL, IF WE'RE GOING TO TAKE
HUMANS THROUGH MARS, WE'RE GOING
TO HAVE TO TAKE THEM THROUGH
DEEP SPACE.
WE NEED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW
THE SUN PUTS RADIATION INTO
SPACE.
WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO, IN FACT,
PREDICT SOLAR FLAIRS AND CORONA
MASS EJECTIONS.
BECAUSE IF WE'RE NOT ABLE TO
PREDICT THAT AND OUR ASTRONAUTS
END UP IN THE MIDDLE OF
SOMETHING LIKE THAT, IT COULD BE
VERY DAMAGING TO THEIR HEALTH.
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS FULLY
FUNDED AND WE ARE FOLLOWING THE
ADVICE OF THE DECADO -- AND
ULTIMATELY BE ABLE TO PREDICT SO
WE CAN PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR
HUMANS HERE ON EARTH, NOT JUST
ON MARS.
TO BE CLEAR, I WANT TO BE CLEAR
ON THIS, IF WE HAVE A CORONA
MASS EJECTION LIKE A CARINGTON
EVENT IN THE 1800'S, IT COULD BE
VERY DAMAGING FOR HUMAN KIND.
IMAGINE NOT HAVING THE POWER
GRID OR HAVING YOUR CELL TOWERS
WORK, THAT COULD BE EXISTENTIAL,
SO WE NEED TO BE VERY GOOD AT
PREDICTING WHEN THESE KINDS OF
EVENTS WILL OCCUR.
WE ARE FUNDING THOSE MISSIONS
WITH THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE AND
OTHERS, AND THAT TAKES US OUT
FROM THE SUN TO THE EARTH.
THE PRESIDENT HAS NOW SIGNED NO
LAW THE HIGHEST EARTH SCIENCE
BUDGET IN THE HISTORY OF THE
UNITED STATES EVERY YEAR THAT HE
HAS BEEN THE PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES.
[Applause]
>> AND THIS BUDGET REQUEST IS
HIGHER THAN FIVE OF THE BUDGETS
THAT CAME OUT OF THE PREVIOUS
ADMINISTRATION.
WHEN I CAME TO NASA, I COMMITTED
TO CONGRESS, AND I COMMIT TO YOU
NOW THAT THE EARTH SCIENCE
DIVISION OF THE SCIENCE MISSION
DIRECTORATE WOULD BE STRONG,
THAT WE WOULD MOVE FORWARD, NO
KIDDING, WITH THE SURVEYS THAT
COME FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMY
OF SCIENCES IN ALL OF THEIR
AGENDA ITEMS STARTING WITH
UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTION
WITH THE WATER CYCLE AND THE
ENERGY CYCLE, ULTIMATELY BEING
ABLE TO PREDICT WEATHER AND AIR
QUALITY, UNDERSTANDING NATURAL
DISASTERS AND HOW THEY OCCUR.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT ECO SYSTEM
CHANGE, WHICH, FRIENDS, IT IS
CHANGING.
CARBON DIOXIDE IS IN THE
ATMOSPHERE IN LEVELS WE HAVE
NEVER SEEN BEFORE.
WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT.
IT IS A GREENHOUSE GAS.
NASA HAS AN OBLIGATION TO
CONTINUE STUDYING THESE.
WHAT WE DO WHEN WE STUDY THE
PLANET, IS WE SENSE THE EARTH IN
EVERY PART OF THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM, AND WE
SHARE IT FOR FREE.
WE STUDY THE EARTH, AND AS I
COMMITTED FROM THE BEGINNING, WE
ARE STUDYING THE EARTH WITH AS
STRONG A BUDGET AS WE HAVE SEEN,
REALLY, IN A VERY LONG TIME
RIGHT NOW, AND THIS BUDGET
REQUEST FOR EARTH SCIENCE IS
VERY STRONG, AS WELL.
[Applause]
>> LET'S TALK ABOUT ASTROPHYSICS
FOR A WHILE.
TALK ABOUT SOME EXCITING
DISCOVERIES.
YOU KNOW, WHAT'S AMAZING IS
WE'RE LEARNING MORE ABOUT NOT
JUST OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, NOT JUST
ABOUT OUR GALAXY, BUT IN FACT
ABOUT THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE ALL
THE TIME NOWAA.
AAA -- THE BEGINNING OF THE
UNIVERSITY, WHAT WE CALL COSMIC
DAWN, TO SEE THE FIRST LIGHT
FROM THE UNIVERSITY.
LIGHT FROM STARS, FROM GALAXIES,
TO EVEN ASSESS THE EARLIEST
BLACK HOLES, AND FRIENDS, WE'RE
STARTING TO UNDERSTAND PHYSICS,
ASTROPHYSICS IN A WAY THAT WAS
PREVIOUSLY ONLY THEORY.
IN A WAY, WE'RE PROVING OUT THE
THEORY OF RELATIVITY, EINSTEIN,
WE'RE SEEING IT FOR THE FIRST
TIME.
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THESE
MISSIONS, WE TALK ABOUT HUBBLE
AND SHONDRA AND KIBLER, WE KNOW
THAT IT'S EXPANDING AT AN EVER
INCREASING RATE, AND IT IS
ACCELERATING, AND THE QUESTION
IS WHY.
AND WE TALK ABOUT THINGS LIKE
DARK MATTER, WHICH WE NOW KNOW
IS MOST OF THE MATTER IN THE
UNIVERSE.
WE CAN'T INTERACT WITH IT.
WE CAN'T SEE IT, BUT WE KNOW
IT'S THERE BECAUSE WE CAN SEE
ITS GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS.
THE UNIVERSE IS ACCELERATING
FASTER AND FASTER AWAY FROM THIS
POINT, AND SO WE USE WORDS LIKE
DARK ENERGY IS CAUSING THIS TO
HAPPEN.
WELL, IN ORDER TO LEARN MORE
ABOUT THIS KIND OF ACTIVITY, WE
NEED TO BE ABLE TO SEE TO THE
VERY BEGINNINGS.
WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO SEE THAT
COSMIC DAWN, THE FIRST LIGHT IN
THE UNIVERSE.
AND I WILL TELL YOU, IT HAS BEEN
A CHALLENGE FOR ME AS YOUR NASA
ADMINISTRATOR TO GO TO THE HILL
AND TALK ABOUT THE JAMES WEBB
SPACE TELESCOPE.
SOME OF YOU MIGHT HAVE SEEN
THOSE HEARINGS, AND THEY'RE NOT
FUN.
BUT I WILL ALSO TELL YOU THIS:
THIS ADMINISTRATION IS COMMITTED
TO THE JAMES WEBB SPACE
TELESCOPE, AND WE HAVE
BIPARTISAN SUPPORT FOR THE JAMES
WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE, AND IT
IS -- OUR NUMBER ONE AGENDA FOR
JAMES WEBB IS SUCCESS.
AT THIS POINT, THIS MISSION IS
SO IMPORTANT TO THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA, AND HERE'S
WHY: WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
ESTABLISHING AMERICA AS THE LEAD
IN PHYSICS FOR THE NEXT 30
YEARS.
WHEN JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE
IS LAUNCHED AND WE'RE ABLE TO
SEE COSMIC DAWN THAT ESTABLISHES
THE UNITED STATES AS THE LEADER
OF PHYSICS FOR THE NEXT 30
YEARS, BUT IT GOES BEYOND THAT.
SURE, WE WANT TO LEAD, BUT WE
ALSO WANT TO DISCOVER.
WE HAVE MODELS AND IDEAS ABOUT
REALLY WHAT THE UNIVERSE LOOKED
LIKE IN THOSE DAYS, BUT WE'RE
GOING TO KNOW, AND I CAN TELL
YOU THIS.
HERE'S WHAT WE ALREADY NOW, THE
MODELS -- KNOW, THE MODELS
AREN'T RIGHT.
SO THIS IS AN EXCITING TIME.
THE OTHER THING THAT'S
IMPORTANT, WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO
LOOK AT OTHER STARS, AND NOT
ONLY LOOK AT THOSE STARS BUT
LOOK AT OTHER PLANETS AROUND
THOSE STARS AND CHARACTERIZE
THOSE PLANETS AS TO THEIR
HABITABILITY.
COULD THOSE PLANETS BE ABLE TO
HOST LIFE?
AND JAMES WEBB IS GOING TO GIVE
US AN OPPORTUNITY TO LOOK AT THE
LIGHT AS IT, YOU KNOW, TRANSFERS
THROUGH THAT ATMOSPHERE.
CERTAIN PART -- CERTAIN PARTS OF
THE SPECTRUM ARE NOT GOING TO
MAKE IT THROUGH, AND WE'RE GOING
TO BE ABLE TO DETERMINE THE
ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS AROUND
OTHER STARS AND MAKE ASSESSMENTS
TO CHARACTERIZE, IF YOU WILL,
THE ATMOSPHERES OF THOSE
PLANETS.
JAMES WEBB IS GOING TO BE AN
AMAZING CAPABLITY FOR THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
AS WE'RE ON ASTROPHYSICS, I ALSO
WANT TO MAKE ONE LAST STATEMENT
THAT I THINK IS IMPORTANT.
WE TALKED ABOUT THE GATEWAY AND
HOW IT'S GOING TO GIVE US ACCESS
TO THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.
WE WANT ROBOTS AND LANDERS AND
ROVERS.
THE GATEWAY IS NOT JUST ABOUT
GETTING TO THE MOON, IT'S NOT
ABOUT STUDYING THE MOON FROM THE
ORBIT OF THE MOON, IT GIVES US
AN OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY DEEP
SPACE FROM A HUMAN TENDED SPACE
STATION WHICH GIVES US A
CAPABILITY HERETOFORE WE'VE
NEVER SEEN.
ON THE FAR SIDE OF THE MOON,
IT'S VERY QUIET.
WHY?
BECAUSE ALL OF THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WE
CREATE, IT'S QUIET ON THE FAR
SIDE OF THE MOON, SO WE CAN
CREATE THINGS IN THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM THAT WE
CAN'T CURRENTLY IMAGE DEEP SPACE
WITH.
WE CAN DO ASTROPHYSICS FROM THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON WITH VERY
THIN WIRE ANTENNAS.
NOW THAT'S MAYBE NOT IN THIS
BUDGET REQUEST, BUT THE GATEWAY
OPENS THE DOOR TO ALL OF THESE
CAPABLITIES IN THE FUTURE.
SO IN CLOSING, I WANT EVERYBODY
TO KNOW THAT NASA'S BUDGET
REQUEST IS VERY GOOD, AND WE
HAVE BIPARTISAN SUPPORT , WHICH
I HAVE BEEN COMMITTED TO FROM
THE BEGINNING FOR NASA, NOT JUST
IN THE HOUSE BUT IN THE SENATE,
AND WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO
ACCOMPLISH SOMETHING WE'VE NEVER
BEEN ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH BEFORE
WITH BIPARTISAN SUPPORT.
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR US?
I JUST TALKED ABOUT HELIO
PHYSICS AND HOW IMPORTANT IT
IS -- IF WE'RE GOING TO SEND
ASTRONAUTS TO MARS, HOW
IMPORTANT IT IS TO THE LIVES OF
THE ASTRONAUTS?
HELIO PHYSICS IS A CRITICAL
PIECE OF OUR MOON TO MARS
PROGRAM.
I WAS IN THE HOTEL THIS MORNING,
AND I WAS TALKING TO A LADY THAT
HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO VISIT THE
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, AND SHE
SAID ONE OF THE THINGS THAT ARE
MOST STRIKING -- THAT WAS MOST
STRIKING TO HER, SHE RAN INTO
SOMEBODY AT THE KENNEDY SPACE
CENTER AND ASKED HIM WHAT HE
DID, AND HE SAID WELL, I'M
HELPING US GO TO THE MOON AND
ONTO MARS.
AND THAT WAS HIS ANSWER.
AND SHE SAID OKAY, WHAT DO YOU
DO?
AND HE SAID I'M A CUSTODIAN.
FRIENDS, THESE OBJECTIVES ARE AN
ALL OF NASA APPROACH.
EVERY SENSOR THAT WE OPERATE IS
CRITICAL TO THIS MISSION,
CRITICAL TO ACHIEVING THESE
GOALS, INCLUDING THE
DIRECTORATE.
WE TALK ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE,
AND IN SOME CASES,
INFRASTRUCTURE OFTEN BECOMES A
TARGET.
BUT FRIENDS WE CAN'T ACCOMPLISH
ANY OF THIS WITHOUT THE
INFRASTRUCTURE, AS WELL, SO THE
DIRECTORATE IS ALSO A CAPABILITY
FOR OUR SHARED ACHIEVEMENT IN
HEADING TO THE MOON AND ONTO
MARS.
SO I JUST WANT TO SHARE ONE LAST
THING -- FOR ALL THE PEOPLE
WATCHING, I SEE SOME T.V.
CAMERAS AND MAYBE SOME SOCIAL
MEDIA, I WANT TO ENCOURAGE
EVERYBODY TO VISIT
NASA.GOV/MOONTOMARS.
I WANT YOU TO GO TO THE WEBSITE,
AND I WANT YOU TO LEARN.
FOR THE NASA EMPLOYEES HERE, I
WANT YOU TO LEARN HOW YOU CAN
COMMUNICATE ALL OF THESE GREAT
THINGS THAT WE ARE TRYING TO
ACHIEVE TO THE PUBLIC.
ENGAGE ON SOCIAL MEDIA.
I WANT YOU TO ENGAGE ON SOCIAL
MEDIA.
IF YOU HAVE TWITTER OR FACEBOOK
OR TALK TO YOUR FRIENDS, MAKE
SURE YOU LET THEM KNOW WHAT WE
ARE DOING AND WHY BECAUSE THIS
IS TRANSFORMATIONAL, AND IT'S
ONLY GOING TO HAPPEN IF ALL OF
AMERICA BUYS IN.
THE OTHER DAY, I WENT TO THE
WORLD AG EXPO, AND EVERYBODY WAS
LIKE WHY IS THE DIRECTOR OF NASA
GOING TO THE WORLD AG EXPO?
I'LL TELL YOU WHY.
BECAUSE WE NEED EVERYBODY TO
KNOW HOW WE CHANGED THE WORLD
CONDITION.
WHO NEEDS THAT?
FARMERS SOMETIMES NEED THAT.
WE HAVE AN AGREEMENT WITH THE
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA WHERE
WE'RE TAKING THAT GREAT
INFORMATION AND SHARING IT WITH
THEM TO THE POINT WHERE THEY ARE
ABLE TO INCREASE CROP YIELDS
WHILE REDUCING THEIR WATER USAGE
BY 25% -- AND BY THE WAY, IN THE
DESERT OF CALIFORNIA, THAT IS A
BIG DEAL.
AND AT THE SAME TIME BECAUSE
THEY'RE NOT WATERING SO MUCH,
PRESERVING 50% OF THE NITRATES
THAT NORMALLY WOULD HAVE ERODED
INTO THE WATER SUPPLY.
THOSE HELP THE PLANTS GROW, BUT
WHEN THEY'RE IN THE WATER
SUPPLY, THEY'RE VERY BAD TO
HUMANS AND IT COSTS A LOT OF
MONEY TO GET THEM OUT OF THE
WATER SUPPLY.
SO WE'RE INCREASING YIELDS, AND
THEY'RE IN THE SOIL WHERE THEY
OUGHT TO BE, AND WE'RE ABLE TO
ACHIEVE THIS BECAUSE THE SCIENCE
MISSION DIRECTORATE IS PROVIDING
THIS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF STATE
OF CALIFORNIA -- UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA ON A SMALL SCALE.
WE WERE ABLE TO PROVIDE THIS TO
UGANDA.
THEY WERE ABLE TO USE NASA
TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT A DROUGHT
THAT WAS ON THE WHO ARE SIGH --
HORIZON.
BECAUSE OF THAT, INSTEAD OF
SPENDING TENS OF MILLIONS OF
DOLLARS DOING DISASTER RELIEF,
WE SPENT A COUPLE OF MILLION
MITIGATING THE DISASTER BEFORE
IT HAPPENED, SAVING LIVES,
SAVING MONEY.
BUT FRIENDS, IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT
CROPS, ALTHOUGH CROPS ARE A
CRITICAL PIECE.
THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE, DISH
NETWORK, INTERNET BROAD BAND
FROM SPACE, SATELLITE RADIO,
COMMUNICATIONS BORN FROM THIS
LITTLE AGENCY WE CALL NASA,
SPACE-BASED COMMUNICATIONS.
WE TALK ABOUT HOW WE NAVIGATE
WITH GPS, HOW WE PRODUCE FOOD,
ENERGY, GEOCARBON AND OTHER
EARTH SCIENCE EMISSIONS, MAKING
SURE THAT AS WE PRODUCE ENERGY,
WE'RE NOT POLLUTING THE
ATMOSPHERE.
BY THE WAY, THE ENERGY COMPANIES
LOVE THAT BECAUSE THEN, THEY
DON'T GET FINED, WHICH IS A GOOD
THING.
THE WAY WE DO WEATHER
PREDICTIONS AND UNDERSTAND THE
CLIMATE, THE WAY WE DO DISASTER
RELIEF AND NATIONAL SECURITY,
THE WAY WE DO BANKING -- ALL OF
THE BANKING TRANSACTIONS IN THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ARE
DEPENDENT ON A TIMING SIGNAL
FROM GPS.
THE WAY WE REGULATE FLOWS OF
ELECTRICITY ON THE POWER GRID,
DEPENDENT ON A TIMING SIGNAL
FROM GPS.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT HOW WE HAVE
ELEVATED THE HUMAN CONDITION,
THIS LITTLE AGENCY THAT
CONSTITUTES ONE HALF -- LESS
THAN ONE HALF OF ONE PERCENT OF
THE FEDERAL BUDGET, THIS LITTLE
AGENCY HAS ELEVATED THE HUMAN
CONDITION IN WAYS THAT MOST
PEOPLE DON'T EVEN KNOW.
IT'S ON US TO LET THEM KNOW.
IT'S ON US AS THE NASA
EMPLOYEES, THE NASA CONTRACTORS,
AS WELL, TO LET THEM KNOW NOT
JUST FOR THE UNITED STATES BUT
FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD.
THIS IS AN AMAZING AGENCY, AND
I'VE GOT TO TELL YOU, I AM
OVERWHELMINGLY HUMBLED WHEN I
GET UP EVERY DAY AND I HAVE THE
OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT WITH THE
AMAZINGLY TALENTED PEOPLE THAT
WORK HERE.
KNOW THIS.
NASA IS GOING TO GET A HEALTHY
BUDGET.
THE ADMINISTRATION IS SUPPORTING
IT.
WE'VE GOT BIPARTISAN SUPPORT IN
THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE.
WHAT WE'VE GOT TO DO IS MAKE
SURE WE COMMUNICATE IT TO THE
WORLD.
AGAIN, NASA.GOV/MOONTOMARS.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
IT'S GREAT BEING HERE AT THE
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER.
[Applause]