1 00:00:48,114 --> 00:00:48,581 [♪♪♪] 2 00:00:48,581 --> 00:00:51,818 >> WE HAVE TAKEN TREMENDOUS 3 00:00:51,818 --> 00:00:52,118 STEPS. 4 00:00:52,118 --> 00:00:55,722 WE HAVE ACHIEVED THE BREATH 5 00:00:55,722 --> 00:00:58,591 TAKING, THE EARTH SHAKING, THE 6 00:00:58,591 --> 00:01:00,026 GROUND BREAKING, AND LEFT THE 7 00:01:00,026 --> 00:01:03,029 MARK IN THE HEAVENS. 8 00:01:03,029 --> 00:01:05,231 OUR SUCCESSES BUILD ONE UPON 9 00:01:05,231 --> 00:01:07,500 ANOTHER AND AMPLIFY WHAT IS 10 00:01:07,500 --> 00:01:08,001 POSSIBLE. 11 00:01:08,001 --> 00:01:10,270 IT'S TIME WE TAKE THE NEXT GREAT 12 00:01:10,270 --> 00:01:10,770 LEAP. 13 00:01:10,770 --> 00:01:12,672 WE'RE BUILDING THE NEXT CHAPTER 14 00:01:12,672 --> 00:01:14,407 OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION, 15 00:01:14,407 --> 00:01:18,178 RETURNING TO THE MOON TO STAY SO 16 00:01:18,178 --> 00:01:21,047 WE CAN GO BEYOND, TO MARS, TO 17 00:01:21,047 --> 00:01:22,882 EXPAND WHAT'S POSSIBLE AND 18 00:01:22,882 --> 00:01:26,319 FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING. 19 00:01:26,319 --> 00:01:28,621 THE ARCHITECTURE FOR THESE 20 00:01:28,621 --> 00:01:31,691 MISSIONS IS ALREADY TAKING 21 00:01:31,691 --> 00:01:31,991 SHAPE. 22 00:01:31,991 --> 00:01:37,797 WE WILL GO WITH NEW SYSTEMS, 23 00:01:37,797 --> 00:01:44,170 BOLD DESIGN, AND A SUSTAINABLE 24 00:01:44,170 --> 00:01:44,504 MISSION. 25 00:01:44,504 --> 00:01:46,372 YOU CAN SEE IT, TOUCH IT, TASTE 26 00:01:46,372 --> 00:01:46,639 IT. 27 00:01:46,639 --> 00:01:49,776 WE ARE PRESSING OUR PIONEER 28 00:01:49,776 --> 00:01:52,078 SPIRIT INTO EVERY COMPONENT, 29 00:01:52,078 --> 00:01:54,914 DESIGNING OUR RESOLVE INTO EVERY 30 00:01:54,914 --> 00:01:58,451 LINE OF CODE, SECURING OUR 31 00:01:58,451 --> 00:02:02,455 SUCCESS WITH EVERY WELCOMED 32 00:02:02,455 --> 00:02:02,856 PARTNERSHIP. 33 00:02:02,856 --> 00:02:06,159 THIS IS NOT HYPOTHETICAL, THIS 34 00:02:06,159 --> 00:02:08,161 IS ABOUT SCIENCE AND FEEDING 35 00:02:08,161 --> 00:02:09,729 FORWARD THE ADVANCE OF THE HUMAN 36 00:02:09,729 --> 00:02:13,766 SPIRIT BECAUSE WE ARE THE 37 00:02:13,766 --> 00:02:16,369 PIONEERS, THE STAR SAILORS, THE 38 00:02:16,369 --> 00:02:18,671 THINKERS, THE VISIONARIES, THE 39 00:02:18,671 --> 00:02:18,972 DOERS. 40 00:02:18,972 --> 00:02:20,740 AND BECAUSE WE STAND ON THE 41 00:02:20,740 --> 00:02:23,243 SHOULDERS OF GIANTS TO GO 42 00:02:23,243 --> 00:02:25,044 FARTHER THAN HUMANITY HAS EVER 43 00:02:25,044 --> 00:02:28,948 BEEN, WE WILL ADD OUR NAMES TO 44 00:02:28,948 --> 00:02:33,086 THE ROLLS OF THE GREATEST 45 00:02:33,086 --> 00:02:34,587 ADVENTURERS IN HISTORY, EVERY 46 00:02:34,587 --> 00:02:39,159 DAY, EVERY MISSION, WE ADVANCE 47 00:02:39,159 --> 00:02:40,760 THIS CALL. 48 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:41,594 WE ARE NASA. 49 00:02:41,594 --> 00:02:47,167 AND AFTER 60 YEARS, WE'RE JUST 50 00:02:47,167 --> 00:04:21,194 GETTING STARTED. 51 00:04:21,194 --> 00:04:21,995 [Applause] 52 00:04:21,995 --> 00:04:23,263 >> ALL RIGHT. 53 00:04:23,263 --> 00:04:27,233 MAN, THOSE VIDEOS ARE A TOUGH 54 00:04:27,233 --> 00:04:28,101 ACT TO FOLLOW. 55 00:04:28,101 --> 00:04:28,935 THEY ARE OUTSTANDING. 56 00:04:28,935 --> 00:04:30,536 WELL, GOOD AFTERNOON AND WELCOME 57 00:04:30,536 --> 00:04:33,039 TO THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER AND 58 00:04:33,039 --> 00:04:37,777 THE DAWN OF A NEW ERA IN THE 59 00:04:37,777 --> 00:04:41,247 EXPLORATION OF THE SPACE CENTER 60 00:04:41,247 --> 00:04:42,382 AND MARS. 61 00:04:42,382 --> 00:04:45,752 I AM PLEASED TO WELCOME YOU ALL, 62 00:04:45,752 --> 00:04:48,688 DISTINGUISHED GUESTS, NASA'S 63 00:04:48,688 --> 00:04:49,856 VALUED EMPLOYEES WATCHING FROM 64 00:04:49,856 --> 00:04:52,025 ACROSS THE NATION, AND OUR 65 00:04:52,025 --> 00:04:53,960 GUESTS HERE AND BROAD. 66 00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:56,996 IT WAS 50 YEARS AGO THIS JULY 67 00:04:56,996 --> 00:04:59,632 THAT KSC WAS THE LAUNCH SITE FOR 68 00:04:59,632 --> 00:05:02,735 THAT HISTORIC APOLLO 11 MISSION, 69 00:05:02,735 --> 00:05:03,503 WHEN PRESIDENT KENNEDY STOOD 70 00:05:03,503 --> 00:05:04,937 BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF 71 00:05:04,937 --> 00:05:08,441 CONGRESS, AND HE ANNOUNCED HIS 72 00:05:08,441 --> 00:05:10,243 AMBITIOUS GOAL OF SENDING HUMANS 73 00:05:10,243 --> 00:05:12,445 TO THE MOON AND RETURNING THEM 74 00:05:12,445 --> 00:05:12,779 SAFELY. 75 00:05:12,779 --> 00:05:15,214 WE STILL HAD TO FIGURE OUT HOW 76 00:05:15,214 --> 00:05:16,349 TO MAKE THAT WORK. 77 00:05:16,349 --> 00:05:18,184 WE QUICKLY RAMPED UP OPERATIONS 78 00:05:18,184 --> 00:05:19,285 HERE AT KSC. 79 00:05:19,285 --> 00:05:21,854 WE HAD THE MERCURY 7 CREW HERE. 80 00:05:21,854 --> 00:05:26,693 WE HOSTED THEM, WE WORKED HARD 81 00:05:26,693 --> 00:05:28,828 ON THE GEMINI, WORKING ON 82 00:05:28,828 --> 00:05:30,563 EVERYTHING WE NEEDED TO TO GET 83 00:05:30,563 --> 00:05:32,699 THE FIRST HUMANS ON THE MOON TO 84 00:05:32,699 --> 00:05:35,134 MAKE THE FIRST STEPS ON THE 85 00:05:35,134 --> 00:05:39,205 LUNAR SURFACE 50 YEARS AGO. 86 00:05:39,205 --> 00:05:41,941 WE'LL BE TAKING SIMILAR STEPS AS 87 00:05:41,941 --> 00:05:46,546 WE BUILD A SUSTAINABLE 88 00:05:46,546 --> 00:05:46,979 ARCHITECTURE. 89 00:05:46,979 --> 00:05:47,947 THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER IS UP 90 00:05:47,947 --> 00:05:51,451 TO THE CHALLENGE AND WE CAN'T 91 00:05:51,451 --> 00:05:52,352 WAIT TO SEE ROCKETS ON THOSE 92 00:05:52,352 --> 00:05:54,087 LAUNCH PADS TAKING HUMANS BACK 93 00:05:54,087 --> 00:05:56,289 TO THE MOON AND EVENTUALLY ONTO 94 00:05:56,289 --> 00:05:57,990 MARS. 95 00:05:57,990 --> 00:06:02,962 IT'S MY PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE 96 00:06:02,962 --> 00:06:03,463 TIM BRIDENSTINE. 97 00:06:03,463 --> 00:06:05,998 TIM CAME ON BOARD ABOUT THE TIME 98 00:06:05,998 --> 00:06:06,999 THE PRESIDENT SIGNED SPACE 99 00:06:06,999 --> 00:06:08,334 POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE THAT 100 00:06:08,334 --> 00:06:10,203 DIRECTED US TO SEND HUMANS TO 101 00:06:10,203 --> 00:06:13,940 THE MOON FOR LONG-TERM 102 00:06:13,940 --> 00:06:17,744 EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION, 103 00:06:17,744 --> 00:06:19,445 FOLLOWED BY MISSIONS TO MARS. 104 00:06:19,445 --> 00:06:21,814 HIS PASSION FOR FLIGHT AND SPACE 105 00:06:21,814 --> 00:06:23,750 EXPLORATION SERVED HIM WELL ON 106 00:06:23,750 --> 00:06:25,952 THE ARMED FORCES COMMITTEE AND 107 00:06:25,952 --> 00:06:30,123 THE TECHNOLOGY SPACE AND SCIENCE 108 00:06:30,123 --> 00:06:31,157 COMMITTEE IN CONGRESS. 109 00:06:31,157 --> 00:06:32,625 AND TODAY, THAT PASSION IS 110 00:06:32,625 --> 00:06:34,327 INSPIRING THE NASA WORKFORCE AND 111 00:06:34,327 --> 00:06:36,562 THE PUBLIC ON A NEW MISSION OF 112 00:06:36,562 --> 00:06:36,963 EXPLORATION. 113 00:06:36,963 --> 00:06:40,166 PLEASE WELCOME OUR 13th 114 00:06:40,166 --> 00:06:56,416 ADMINISTRATOR, JIM BRIDENSTINE. 115 00:06:56,416 --> 00:06:56,783 [Applause] 116 00:06:56,783 --> 00:07:03,289 >> WELL, BOB, THANK YOU FOR THAT 117 00:07:03,289 --> 00:07:04,090 INTRODUCTION AND THANK YOU ALL 118 00:07:04,090 --> 00:07:05,758 FOR BEING HERE ON A DAY THAT WE 119 00:07:05,758 --> 00:07:06,726 THINK IS EXCITING. 120 00:07:06,726 --> 00:07:08,428 TODAY, WE ARE ROLLING OUT THE 121 00:07:08,428 --> 00:07:09,896 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST FOR 122 00:07:09,896 --> 00:07:12,131 NASA, AND I'M VERY HAPPY TO TELL 123 00:07:12,131 --> 00:07:14,333 YOU THAT NASA'S BUDGET REQUEST 124 00:07:14,333 --> 00:07:15,368 FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 125 00:07:15,368 --> 00:07:19,839 STATES IS STRONG, AND WE HAVE 126 00:07:19,839 --> 00:07:23,075 STRONG BIPARTISAN SUPPORT IN 127 00:07:23,075 --> 00:07:30,516 BOTH CHAMBERS OF CONGRESS. 128 00:07:30,516 --> 00:07:30,883 [Applause] 129 00:07:30,883 --> 00:07:32,452 >> I'M GOING TO SPEND A FEW 130 00:07:32,452 --> 00:07:34,020 MINUTES TALKING ABOUT A MISSION 131 00:07:34,020 --> 00:07:36,689 THAT I THINK IS A LOT OF FUN, 132 00:07:36,689 --> 00:07:45,465 VERY EXCITING, AND 133 00:07:45,465 --> 00:07:46,632 TRANSFORMATIVE, AS A MATTER OF 134 00:07:46,632 --> 00:07:48,501 FACT, OF THE WAY WE FLY IN THE 135 00:07:48,501 --> 00:07:49,602 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 136 00:07:49,602 --> 00:07:55,074 WE HAVE BEEN FLYING THROUGH THE 137 00:07:55,074 --> 00:07:58,611 ATMOSPHERE AT .6 MACH FOR 50 138 00:07:58,611 --> 00:08:01,113 YEARS, AND I THINK IT'S TIME WE 139 00:08:01,113 --> 00:08:01,848 CHANGE THAT. 140 00:08:01,848 --> 00:08:05,318 THE X-59 AND THE AIR FORCE 141 00:08:05,318 --> 00:08:09,522 MISSION DIRECTORATE IS FUNDED AT 142 00:08:09,522 --> 00:08:10,056 A VERY STRONG LEVEL. 143 00:08:10,056 --> 00:08:13,392 I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND 144 00:08:13,392 --> 00:08:13,960 ABOUT WHAT THIS MEANS. 145 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:19,065 LAST YEAR, WE SAW OVER GALVESTON 146 00:08:19,065 --> 00:08:24,070 WHAT A SONIC BOOM WILL DO TO 147 00:08:24,070 --> 00:08:26,172 COMMUNITIES, FROM AN ANNOYANCE 148 00:08:26,172 --> 00:08:27,640 PERSPECTIVE AND FROM AN 149 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:28,641 INFRASTRUCTURE PERSPECTIVE. 150 00:08:28,641 --> 00:08:30,476 WHEN WE SAW THAT, WE WERE ABLE 151 00:08:30,476 --> 00:08:32,311 TO MAKE DETERMINATIONS AS TO 152 00:08:32,311 --> 00:08:33,579 WHAT THE LEVEL OF TOLERANCE 153 00:08:33,579 --> 00:08:35,781 WOULD BE FOR A SONIC BOOM. 154 00:08:35,781 --> 00:08:38,484 IT HAS BEEN BANNED BY A LONG 155 00:08:38,484 --> 00:08:40,753 TIME BY THE F.A.A. TO FLY OVER 156 00:08:40,753 --> 00:08:43,556 THE UNITED STATES AS SUPER SONIC 157 00:08:43,556 --> 00:08:44,657 AIR SPEEDS BECAUSE OF THE 158 00:08:44,657 --> 00:08:49,262 PROBLEMS WITH DISTURBANCE TO 159 00:08:49,262 --> 00:08:49,729 INFRASTRUCTURE. 160 00:08:49,729 --> 00:08:53,132 WE AS NASA HAVE BEEN WORKING FOR 161 00:08:53,132 --> 00:08:53,866 A LONG TIME TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN. 162 00:08:53,866 --> 00:08:56,035 IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, WE ARE 163 00:08:56,035 --> 00:08:59,338 ASSESSING WHAT IS THE TOLERANCE 164 00:08:59,338 --> 00:09:00,907 FOR A LOW BOOM, AND WE'RE 165 00:09:00,907 --> 00:09:01,574 IMAGING IT. 166 00:09:01,574 --> 00:09:03,743 IN FACT JUST THE OTHER DAY, WE 167 00:09:03,743 --> 00:09:06,812 HAD A BEECHCRAFT 200 FLY WITH A 168 00:09:06,812 --> 00:09:11,317 BRAND-NEW CAMERA AND LOOK AT TWO 169 00:09:11,317 --> 00:09:13,586 T-38s FLYING BELOW IT AT SUPER 170 00:09:13,586 --> 00:09:15,454 SONIC SPEEDS AND LOOKING AT THAT 171 00:09:15,454 --> 00:09:17,290 PRESSURE WAVE. 172 00:09:17,290 --> 00:09:20,359 NOT JUST AT THE BOW BUT AT ALL 173 00:09:20,359 --> 00:09:22,929 THOSE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE 174 00:09:22,929 --> 00:09:25,064 T-38s BUT WHEN THEY COMBINE. 175 00:09:25,064 --> 00:09:26,632 BECAUSE WHEN THOSE PRESSURE 176 00:09:26,632 --> 00:09:29,201 COMBINES, THAT'S WHEN WE GET THE 177 00:09:29,201 --> 00:09:33,005 SUPER SONIC BOOM AND THAT'S WHAT 178 00:09:33,005 --> 00:09:33,773 CAN BE TROUBLING FOR 179 00:09:33,773 --> 00:09:35,942 INFRASTRUCTURE. 180 00:09:35,942 --> 00:09:36,642 SO WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO IS 181 00:09:36,642 --> 00:09:39,378 TAKE WHAT WE LEARNED FROM THESE 182 00:09:39,378 --> 00:09:41,047 EXPERIMENTS AND TAKE THE X-59 183 00:09:41,047 --> 00:09:42,949 THAT'S GOING TO BE FLOWN IN THE 184 00:09:42,949 --> 00:09:45,318 YEAR 2021 SO FOR THE FIRST TIME 185 00:09:45,318 --> 00:09:47,053 WE CAN GET REGULATIONS ON THE 186 00:09:47,053 --> 00:09:50,423 BOOKS IN THE UNITED STATES OF 187 00:09:50,423 --> 00:09:52,224 AMERICA THAT SAY YOU CAN FLY 188 00:09:52,224 --> 00:09:53,526 SUPER SONIC. 189 00:09:53,526 --> 00:09:58,764 THE X-59 IS GOING TO FLY AT MACH 190 00:09:58,764 --> 00:10:00,366 1.4 AT 55,000 FEET. 191 00:10:00,366 --> 00:10:02,902 WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO GO 192 00:10:02,902 --> 00:10:05,705 FROM ONE SIDE OF THE UNITED 193 00:10:05,705 --> 00:10:06,672 STATES TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE 194 00:10:06,672 --> 00:10:08,341 UNITED STATES IN A COUPLE OF 195 00:10:08,341 --> 00:10:10,409 HOURS INSTEAD OF FIVE OR SIX 196 00:10:10,409 --> 00:10:13,412 HOURS, DEPENDING ON THE WINDS. 197 00:10:13,412 --> 00:10:14,814 THIS IS TRANSFORMATIVE TO BE 198 00:10:14,814 --> 00:10:16,349 ABLE TO GET TO ONE SIDE OF THE 199 00:10:16,349 --> 00:10:19,785 COUNTRY FROM THE OTHER AND 200 00:10:19,785 --> 00:10:21,821 TRAVEL IN THE COUNTRY. 201 00:10:21,821 --> 00:10:27,727 JUST THAT MISSION IS THE X-57 202 00:10:27,727 --> 00:10:30,196 MAXWELL, THE FIRST ALL ELECTRIC 203 00:10:30,196 --> 00:10:31,998 TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT CAPABLE OF 204 00:10:31,998 --> 00:10:33,666 CARRYING PASSENGERS AND CARGO, 205 00:10:33,666 --> 00:10:34,266 ALL ELECTRIC. 206 00:10:34,266 --> 00:10:35,267 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? 207 00:10:35,267 --> 00:10:40,072 THAT MEANS WE CAN DRIVE DOWN THE 208 00:10:40,072 --> 00:10:42,241 COST OF TRANSPORTING PEOPLE AND 209 00:10:42,241 --> 00:10:44,310 CARGO FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER 210 00:10:44,310 --> 00:10:46,746 BY UP TO AND EVEN IN SOME CASES 211 00:10:46,746 --> 00:10:48,280 OVER 60%. 212 00:10:48,280 --> 00:10:49,782 WELL, IF WE CAN DRIVE DOWN THE 213 00:10:49,782 --> 00:10:51,283 COST BY THAT AMOUNT, THAT MEANS 214 00:10:51,283 --> 00:10:53,085 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE POTENTIALLY 215 00:10:53,085 --> 00:10:56,489 COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS GOING TO MORE 216 00:10:56,489 --> 00:10:57,957 DESTINATIONS THAN EVER BEFORE. 217 00:10:57,957 --> 00:10:59,358 WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO SERVE 218 00:10:59,358 --> 00:11:00,960 COMMUNITIES WITH AIR TRAVEL THAT 219 00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:01,994 HISTORICALLY HAVE NOT BEEN 220 00:11:01,994 --> 00:11:02,928 SERVED WITH AIR TRAVEL. 221 00:11:02,928 --> 00:11:05,297 I WANT TO BE CLEAR, WE ARE NOT 222 00:11:05,297 --> 00:11:06,499 THERE YET. 223 00:11:06,499 --> 00:11:11,037 BUT THE X-57 MAXWELL IS THE TOOL 224 00:11:11,037 --> 00:11:12,438 BY WHICH WE WILL BE ABLE TO 225 00:11:12,438 --> 00:11:14,106 ACCOMPLISH THESE OBJECTIVES, AND 226 00:11:14,106 --> 00:11:16,475 DRIVING DOWN COST AND INCREASING 227 00:11:16,475 --> 00:11:17,543 ACCESS TO AIR TRAVEL IS THE WAY 228 00:11:17,543 --> 00:11:19,245 THAT WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO 229 00:11:19,245 --> 00:11:20,680 INCREASE THE STANDARD OF LIVING 230 00:11:20,680 --> 00:11:22,114 FOR EVERY AMERICAN, AND THAT'S 231 00:11:22,114 --> 00:11:24,283 REALLY WHAT NASA IS ALL ABOUT, 232 00:11:24,283 --> 00:11:25,351 ELEVATING THE HUMAN CONDITION, 233 00:11:25,351 --> 00:11:31,090 AND THE X-57 IS A TOOL TO 234 00:11:31,090 --> 00:11:32,525 ACCOMPLISH THAT. 235 00:11:32,525 --> 00:11:34,960 ONE OTHER VERY EXCITING MISSION 236 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:36,529 WITHIN THE AIR FORCE RESEARCH 237 00:11:36,529 --> 00:11:38,531 DIRECTORATE THAT I'M REALLY KIND 238 00:11:38,531 --> 00:11:40,466 OF INTRIGUED BY IS URBAN AIR 239 00:11:40,466 --> 00:11:40,833 MOBILITY. 240 00:11:40,833 --> 00:11:44,236 THE IDEA THAT YOU CAN FLY ON AN 241 00:11:44,236 --> 00:11:49,608 UNMANNED, I SHOULD SAY, UNCREWED 242 00:11:49,608 --> 00:11:52,378 CRAFT, NO PILOT, LET'S SAY THAT, 243 00:11:52,378 --> 00:11:54,180 FROM ONE SIDE OF THE CITY TO 244 00:11:54,180 --> 00:11:55,681 ANOTHER SIDE OF THE CITY JUST 245 00:11:55,681 --> 00:11:57,216 LIKE YOU WOULD DRIVE A CAR. 246 00:11:57,216 --> 00:11:59,919 NOW, AGAIN, WE'RE NOT THERE YET, 247 00:11:59,919 --> 00:12:04,090 BUT IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THAT, WE 248 00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:07,059 FIRST START WITH CARGO, AND 249 00:12:07,059 --> 00:12:08,828 THERE IS INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED 250 00:12:08,828 --> 00:12:10,896 STATES RIGHT NOW VERY EXCITED 251 00:12:10,896 --> 00:12:12,732 ABOUT THAT EVENTUALITY. 252 00:12:12,732 --> 00:12:13,365 WHY? 253 00:12:13,365 --> 00:12:15,367 BECAUSE IT WILL HELP THEM GET 254 00:12:15,367 --> 00:12:17,203 PACKAGES TO YOUR DOORSTEP FASTER 255 00:12:17,203 --> 00:12:18,838 AND MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN EVER 256 00:12:18,838 --> 00:12:19,171 BEFORE. 257 00:12:19,171 --> 00:12:20,473 ONCE WE DO THAT, THERE IS NO 258 00:12:20,473 --> 00:12:22,274 LIMIT TO WHAT WE CAN DO WITH 259 00:12:22,274 --> 00:12:23,275 HUMANS IN THE FUTURE. 260 00:12:23,275 --> 00:12:26,779 BUT TO DO THAT, WE HAVE TO 261 00:12:26,779 --> 00:12:29,181 INTEGRATE UNMANNED SYSTEMS INTO 262 00:12:29,181 --> 00:12:30,282 THE NATIONAL AIR SPACE SYSTEM. 263 00:12:30,282 --> 00:12:31,584 THAT'S NOT AN EASY FEAT. 264 00:12:31,584 --> 00:12:33,319 WHEN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT DOING 265 00:12:33,319 --> 00:12:36,255 THAT IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS, 266 00:12:36,255 --> 00:12:37,156 THERE'S A WHOLE LEVEL OF SAFETY 267 00:12:37,156 --> 00:12:38,324 THAT HAS TO COME INTO PLAY. 268 00:12:38,324 --> 00:12:42,695 WHAT WE'RE DOING IS WORKING ON 269 00:12:42,695 --> 00:12:43,529 THOSE VERY CHALLENGING PROBLEMS 270 00:12:43,529 --> 00:12:45,197 SO THAT ONE DAY, WE'RE GOING TO 271 00:12:45,197 --> 00:12:47,233 BE ABLE TO DELIVER PACKAGES TO 272 00:12:47,233 --> 00:12:51,403 YOUR DOORSTEP IN A VEHICLE THAT 273 00:12:51,403 --> 00:12:53,339 FLIES IN THE SKY OVER POPULATED 274 00:12:53,339 --> 00:12:54,740 CENTERS MORE EFFICIENTLY AND 275 00:12:54,740 --> 00:12:57,276 EVEN FLY HUMANS FROM ONE SIDE OF 276 00:12:57,276 --> 00:12:58,477 THE CITY TO THE OTHER. 277 00:12:58,477 --> 00:13:01,180 SO THESE ARE ALL VERY EXCITED 278 00:13:01,180 --> 00:13:04,416 THINGS WITHIN THE AERONAUTICS 279 00:13:04,416 --> 00:13:05,484 MISSION DIRECTORATE, AND I 280 00:13:05,484 --> 00:13:07,253 WANTED TO MAKE SURE I STARTED 281 00:13:07,253 --> 00:13:10,856 THE SPEECH TODAY TALKING ABOUT 282 00:13:10,856 --> 00:13:11,624 THAT PART OF THE BUDGET BECAUSE 283 00:13:11,624 --> 00:13:13,159 AS A NAVY PILOT, I LIKE THE IDEA 284 00:13:13,159 --> 00:13:14,927 OF EVERYBODY BEING ABLE TO FLY 285 00:13:14,927 --> 00:13:16,462 SUPER SONIC AND OF COURSE 286 00:13:16,462 --> 00:13:18,230 EVERYBODY BEING ABLE TO FLY IN 287 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:19,465 GENERAL AND EVENTUALLY EVERYBODY 288 00:13:19,465 --> 00:13:21,200 BEING ABLE TO FLY FROM ONE SIDE 289 00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:22,134 OF THE CITY TO ANOTHER SIDE OF 290 00:13:22,134 --> 00:13:22,668 THE CITY. 291 00:13:22,668 --> 00:13:26,739 SO LET'S TAKE IT UP A NOTCH FROM 292 00:13:26,739 --> 00:13:29,608 AERONAUTICS TO SPACE. 293 00:13:29,608 --> 00:13:32,111 WE HAVE SEEN WHAT HAPPENS WHEN 294 00:13:32,111 --> 00:13:36,916 WE AS NASA IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT, 295 00:13:36,916 --> 00:13:39,785 WE BECOME ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY 296 00:13:39,785 --> 00:13:41,654 CUSTOMERS IN A ROBUST COMMERCIAL 297 00:13:41,654 --> 00:13:44,990 MARKETPLACE IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 298 00:13:44,990 --> 00:13:49,228 WE JUST SAW A SPACEX CREW DRAGON 299 00:13:49,228 --> 00:13:53,465 DOCK WITH THE INTERNATIONAL 300 00:13:53,465 --> 00:13:55,367 SPACE STATION DELIVER FROM 301 00:13:55,367 --> 00:13:58,070 CARGO, A LITTLE EARTH HUMANOID, 302 00:13:58,070 --> 00:14:00,005 ULTIMATELY DO A LOT OF TESTS, 303 00:14:00,005 --> 00:14:02,141 UNDOCK, FLY HOME, AND LAND 304 00:14:02,141 --> 00:14:02,474 SAFELY. 305 00:14:02,474 --> 00:14:04,710 THAT IS A FIRST STEP IN A MUCH 306 00:14:04,710 --> 00:14:06,612 LONGER MISSION FOR NASA TO 307 00:14:06,612 --> 00:14:09,648 BECOME ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY 308 00:14:09,648 --> 00:14:11,550 CUSTOMERS IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT IN 309 00:14:11,550 --> 00:14:13,052 A ROBUST COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE. 310 00:14:13,052 --> 00:14:14,353 AND AT THE SAME TIME, HAVING 311 00:14:14,353 --> 00:14:16,388 NUMEROUS PROVIDERS THAT ARE 312 00:14:16,388 --> 00:14:19,058 COMPETING ON COST AND 313 00:14:19,058 --> 00:14:19,458 INNOVATION. 314 00:14:19,458 --> 00:14:20,426 WHY IS THAT SO IMPORTANT? 315 00:14:20,426 --> 00:14:22,194 BECAUSE WE NEED TO DRIVE DOWN 316 00:14:22,194 --> 00:14:24,029 COSTS, WE NEED TO INCREASE 317 00:14:24,029 --> 00:14:25,764 ACCESS, WE NEED TO MAKE SPACE 318 00:14:25,764 --> 00:14:27,132 FLIGHT MORE AVAILABLE TO MORE 319 00:14:27,132 --> 00:14:27,466 PEOPLE. 320 00:14:27,466 --> 00:14:29,034 THAT INCLUDES COMMERCIAL 321 00:14:29,034 --> 00:14:29,468 ACTIVITIES. 322 00:14:29,468 --> 00:14:30,536 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 323 00:14:30,536 --> 00:14:32,104 MANUFACTURING, WE'RE TALKING 324 00:14:32,104 --> 00:14:33,739 ABOUT TOURISM, WE'RE TALKING 325 00:14:33,739 --> 00:14:37,610 ABOUT PHARMACEUTICALS, MAYBE 326 00:14:37,610 --> 00:14:38,010 FIBEROPTICS. 327 00:14:38,010 --> 00:14:40,379 WE NEED TO DEVELOP THAT VERY 328 00:14:40,379 --> 00:14:42,081 ROBUST COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE IN 329 00:14:42,081 --> 00:14:43,015 LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 330 00:14:43,015 --> 00:14:44,617 IT STARTS WITH CARGO. 331 00:14:44,617 --> 00:14:48,487 IT IS NOW STARTING TO GET TO THE 332 00:14:48,487 --> 00:14:50,456 POINT WHERE WE'RE GOING TO BE 333 00:14:50,456 --> 00:14:51,624 LAUNCHING CREW. 334 00:14:51,624 --> 00:14:53,425 BY THE WAY, WE'RE GOING TO DO 335 00:14:53,425 --> 00:15:01,133 THAT IN 2019. 336 00:15:01,133 --> 00:15:02,301 [Applause] 337 00:15:02,301 --> 00:15:04,637 >> AND EVENTUALLY, WE'RE GOING 338 00:15:04,637 --> 00:15:09,775 TO GET TO A DAY WHERE LOW-EARTH 339 00:15:09,775 --> 00:15:11,977 ORBIT IN HABITATION WILL BE 340 00:15:11,977 --> 00:15:12,378 GENERALIZED. 341 00:15:12,378 --> 00:15:14,179 IN OTHER WORDS, NASA WILL BE A 342 00:15:14,179 --> 00:15:15,881 CUSTOMER FOR MANY CUSTOMERS, 343 00:15:15,881 --> 00:15:18,484 COMPETING ON COST AND 344 00:15:18,484 --> 00:15:21,120 INNOVATION, NOT JUST FOR 345 00:15:21,120 --> 00:15:23,088 RESUPPLY, NOT JUST FOR CREW, BUT 346 00:15:23,088 --> 00:15:26,458 FOR SCIENCE, HABITATION, 347 00:15:26,458 --> 00:15:28,560 CAPABILITY, AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 348 00:15:28,560 --> 00:15:29,528 LET'S TALK ABOUT THAT. 349 00:15:29,528 --> 00:15:32,197 WHY DOES NASA WANT TO 350 00:15:32,197 --> 00:15:33,866 COMMERCIALIZE LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 351 00:15:33,866 --> 00:15:35,734 IT IS IN OUR INTERESTS TO TAKE 352 00:15:35,734 --> 00:15:38,537 ADVANTAGE OF MARKETPLACES WHERE 353 00:15:38,537 --> 00:15:39,738 THEY EXIST BECAUSE COST GOES 354 00:15:39,738 --> 00:15:41,941 DOWN, AND THEN WE CAN USE THE 355 00:15:41,941 --> 00:15:44,777 AMERICAN TAX DOLLARS, THE 356 00:15:44,777 --> 00:15:46,912 RESOURCES WE ARE GIVEN BY THE 357 00:15:46,912 --> 00:15:48,480 AMERICAN TAXPAYER TO GO FURTHER 358 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:49,815 THAN WE'VE EVER DONE BEFORE. 359 00:15:49,815 --> 00:15:51,050 THAT'S WHAT WE DO. 360 00:15:51,050 --> 00:15:53,118 THE PRESIDENT HAS GIVEN US SPACE 361 00:15:53,118 --> 00:15:54,486 POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE WHICH SAYS 362 00:15:54,486 --> 00:15:56,055 GO BACK TO THE MOON, AND WE'RE 363 00:15:56,055 --> 00:15:58,524 GOING TO DO THAT IN SHORT ORDER, 364 00:15:58,524 --> 00:16:00,526 MAYBE EVEN IN 2019, BUT AT LEAST 365 00:16:00,526 --> 00:16:02,861 BY 2020 WITH COMMERCIAL LUNAR 366 00:16:02,861 --> 00:16:03,896 PAY LOAD SERVICES THAT ARE GOING 367 00:16:03,896 --> 00:16:06,131 TO BE FUNDED THROUGH THE SCIENCE 368 00:16:06,131 --> 00:16:07,733 MISSION DIRECTORATE, AND ALL OF 369 00:16:07,733 --> 00:16:09,001 THIS IS GOING TO BE POSSIBLE 370 00:16:09,001 --> 00:16:12,137 BECAUSE WE'RE LOOKING AT GOING 371 00:16:12,137 --> 00:16:12,438 FAST. 372 00:16:12,438 --> 00:16:15,441 THERE'S TWO THINGS WHEN WE TALK 373 00:16:15,441 --> 00:16:17,776 ABOUT COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAY LOAD 374 00:16:17,776 --> 00:16:18,844 SERVICES THAT ARE IMPORTANT. 375 00:16:18,844 --> 00:16:21,013 NUMBER ONE, IT'S COMMERCIAL. 376 00:16:21,013 --> 00:16:22,381 WE WANT COMPETITION ON BOTH COST 377 00:16:22,381 --> 00:16:24,149 AND INNOVATION. 378 00:16:24,149 --> 00:16:26,118 AND NUMBER TWO, IT'S GOING TO BE 379 00:16:26,118 --> 00:16:26,418 FAST. 380 00:16:26,418 --> 00:16:28,754 NASA IS NOT GOING TO BE THE LONG 381 00:16:28,754 --> 00:16:29,688 POLE IN THE TENT. 382 00:16:29,688 --> 00:16:31,757 NASA -- WE'VE ALREADY PROVIDED 383 00:16:31,757 --> 00:16:33,025 TEN DIFFERENT PAY LOADS THAT ARE 384 00:16:33,025 --> 00:16:34,393 READY TO GO TO THE MOON. 385 00:16:34,393 --> 00:16:36,095 AND VERY SOON, WE'RE GOING TO BE 386 00:16:36,095 --> 00:16:37,629 ISSUING CONTRACTS TO COMPANIES 387 00:16:37,629 --> 00:16:41,533 TO DELIVER THOSE PAY LOADS. 388 00:16:41,533 --> 00:16:42,201 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT SMALL 389 00:16:42,201 --> 00:16:45,471 SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS TO THE 390 00:16:45,471 --> 00:16:46,638 SURFACE OF THE MOON. 391 00:16:46,638 --> 00:16:50,776 NOW IT'S NOT TALK ABOUT 392 00:16:50,776 --> 00:16:52,811 DELIVERING SCIENTIFIC 393 00:16:52,811 --> 00:16:53,946 INSTRUMENTS TO THE SURFACE OF 394 00:16:53,946 --> 00:16:57,649 THE MOON, IT'S ABOUT HAVING A 395 00:16:57,649 --> 00:16:58,851 SUSTAINABLE PRESENCE ON AND 396 00:16:58,851 --> 00:16:59,818 AROUND THE MOON. 397 00:16:59,818 --> 00:17:01,453 IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THAT 398 00:17:01,453 --> 00:17:02,955 DIRECTIVE, WE NEED A PERMANENT 399 00:17:02,955 --> 00:17:04,857 COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE IN 400 00:17:04,857 --> 00:17:06,525 ORBIT AROUND THE MOON. 401 00:17:06,525 --> 00:17:08,560 WE CALL IT GATEWAY, AND THAT'S 402 00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:10,529 FULLY FUNDED IN THIS PRESIDENT'S 403 00:17:10,529 --> 00:17:21,640 BUDGET REQUEST. 404 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:22,107 [Applause] 405 00:17:22,107 --> 00:17:24,910 >> I HEAR PEOPLE SOMETIMES SAY 406 00:17:24,910 --> 00:17:27,212 WELL, YOU KNOW, GATEWAY IS NOT A 407 00:17:27,212 --> 00:17:27,780 SPACE STATION. 408 00:17:27,780 --> 00:17:32,918 IT IS NOT, IT IS A COMMAND AND A 409 00:17:32,918 --> 00:17:34,486 SURFACE MODULE, BUT IT WILL HAVE 410 00:17:34,486 --> 00:17:35,687 THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE CREW. 411 00:17:35,687 --> 00:17:37,456 THE OTHER THING THAT'S IMPORTANT 412 00:17:37,456 --> 00:17:40,392 ABOUT GATEWAY IS IT'S GOING TO 413 00:17:40,392 --> 00:17:45,564 UTILIZE SOLAR ELECTRIC 414 00:17:45,564 --> 00:17:47,866 PROPULLTION TO BE MANEUVERABLE. 415 00:17:47,866 --> 00:17:50,936 WHEN WE GO BACK TO APOLLO, WE 416 00:17:50,936 --> 00:17:54,106 LANDED THREE ASTRONAUTS ON THE 417 00:17:54,106 --> 00:17:58,210 SURFACE OF THE MOON, 1961 TO 418 00:17:58,210 --> 00:17:58,510 1972. 419 00:17:58,510 --> 00:18:00,712 BECAUSE OF THAT, WE NEVER WENT 420 00:18:00,712 --> 00:18:01,814 TO THE POLES. 421 00:18:01,814 --> 00:18:05,084 WELL, THERE'S A LOT OF VALUABLE 422 00:18:05,084 --> 00:18:06,251 MATERIAL AT THE POLES, NAMELY, 423 00:18:06,251 --> 00:18:06,718 WATER ICE. 424 00:18:06,718 --> 00:18:09,221 WE DISCOVERED IT IN 2009 IN 425 00:18:09,221 --> 00:18:11,290 MASSIVE QUANTITIES, HUNDREDS OF 426 00:18:11,290 --> 00:18:14,426 MILLIONS OF TONS OF WATER ICE AT 427 00:18:14,426 --> 00:18:15,594 THE POLES OF THE MOON. 428 00:18:15,594 --> 00:18:16,795 WELL WHAT GATEWAY REPRESENTS IS 429 00:18:16,795 --> 00:18:18,130 NOT JUST AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO TO 430 00:18:18,130 --> 00:18:20,432 THE MOON OVER AND OVER AGAIN IN 431 00:18:20,432 --> 00:18:22,234 A SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE, BUT 432 00:18:22,234 --> 00:18:23,569 IT REPRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO 433 00:18:23,569 --> 00:18:25,637 GO TO MORE PARTS OF THE MOON 434 00:18:25,637 --> 00:18:26,438 THAN EVER BEFORE. 435 00:18:26,438 --> 00:18:29,408 OUR GOAL IS NOT JUST TO LAND IN 436 00:18:29,408 --> 00:18:31,810 ONE SPOT OF THE MOON AND LEARN A 437 00:18:31,810 --> 00:18:33,312 WHOLE LOT ABOUT ALL OF THE 438 00:18:33,312 --> 00:18:40,752 THINGS THAT ARE HAPPENING IN ONE 439 00:18:40,752 --> 00:18:42,187 KILOMETER AROUND THAT ONE SPOT. 440 00:18:42,187 --> 00:18:43,755 WE'RE INTERESTED IN LEARNING 441 00:18:43,755 --> 00:18:45,257 ABOUT THE WHOLE MOON. 442 00:18:45,257 --> 00:18:48,227 GATEWAY IS GOING TO ALLOW US 443 00:18:48,227 --> 00:18:53,932 WITH THIS REUSABLE SERVICE 444 00:18:53,932 --> 00:19:00,005 MODULE, WITH THAT COMMAND 445 00:19:00,005 --> 00:19:01,240 SERVICE, IT'S ALSO GOING TO GO 446 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:03,442 TO THE POLES OF THE MOON, IT CAN 447 00:19:03,442 --> 00:19:09,181 GO TO THE SOUTH, L-1 AND L-1, 448 00:19:09,181 --> 00:19:12,384 GIVER ROVERS AND HUMANS MORE 449 00:19:12,384 --> 00:19:13,852 ACCESS TO THE MOON THAN EVER 450 00:19:13,852 --> 00:19:14,186 BEFORE. 451 00:19:14,186 --> 00:19:15,921 WE DON'T WANT TO MISS ANYTHING. 452 00:19:15,921 --> 00:19:18,157 THERE'S A LOT TO LEARN, AND THIS 453 00:19:18,157 --> 00:19:19,324 IS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY. 454 00:19:19,324 --> 00:19:20,893 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT 455 00:19:20,893 --> 00:19:22,027 SUSTAINABILITY, WHAT DOES THAT 456 00:19:22,027 --> 00:19:22,327 MEAN? 457 00:19:22,327 --> 00:19:24,196 THAT MEANS WE'RE ABLE TO LAUNCH 458 00:19:24,196 --> 00:19:26,198 MASS PAY LOADS OFF THE SURFACE 459 00:19:26,198 --> 00:19:26,798 OF THE EARTH. 460 00:19:26,798 --> 00:19:34,806 WE NEED THE SLS, AND WE NEED THE 461 00:19:34,806 --> 00:19:36,708 ORION SERVICE MODULE. 462 00:19:36,708 --> 00:19:39,344 WHEN THE PRESIDENT SAYS GO TO 463 00:19:39,344 --> 00:19:43,715 THE MOON, AND HE SAYS GO 464 00:19:43,715 --> 00:19:44,449 SUSTAINABLY, IN OTHER WORDS, 465 00:19:44,449 --> 00:19:46,285 WHEN YOU GO THIS TIME, YOU NEED 466 00:19:46,285 --> 00:19:46,985 TO STAY. 467 00:19:46,985 --> 00:19:48,320 WHEN THE PRESIDENT SAYS THAT, 468 00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:49,421 WHAT DOES IT MEAN? 469 00:19:49,421 --> 00:19:52,457 IT MEANS WE NEED REUSABLE. 470 00:19:52,457 --> 00:19:53,959 WE'VE SEEN WHAT HAPPENED IN LOW 471 00:19:53,959 --> 00:19:56,395 EARTH ORBITS, WHEN WE HAVE LOW 472 00:19:56,395 --> 00:19:59,898 USE ROCKETS. 473 00:19:59,898 --> 00:20:06,238 THE PRODUCTIBLITY GOES UP, AND 474 00:20:06,238 --> 00:20:10,209 THE COST GOES DOWN. 475 00:20:10,209 --> 00:20:12,811 EVERYTHING NEEDS TO BE REUSABLE 476 00:20:12,811 --> 00:20:14,580 BUILT INTO THE ARCHITECTURE, AND 477 00:20:14,580 --> 00:20:16,548 THAT'S REALLY WHAT SPACE POLICY 478 00:20:16,548 --> 00:20:18,417 DIRECTIVE ONE IS ALL ABOUT, A 479 00:20:18,417 --> 00:20:19,885 SUSTAINABLE RETURN TO THE MOON. 480 00:20:19,885 --> 00:20:22,654 BUT I HAVE HEARD CRITICISM THAT 481 00:20:22,654 --> 00:20:23,956 MAYBE WHEN WITH YOU TALK ABOUT 482 00:20:23,956 --> 00:20:26,525 SUSTAIN -- WE TALK ABOUT 483 00:20:26,525 --> 00:20:29,094 SUSTAINABLE AND REUSABLE, WHY DO 484 00:20:29,094 --> 00:20:34,266 WE BUILD SLS AND ORION? 485 00:20:34,266 --> 00:20:36,335 IT'S GOING TO HAVE A LOT OF 486 00:20:36,335 --> 00:20:39,404 COMPONENTS THAT ARE REUSABLE. 487 00:20:39,404 --> 00:20:43,542 WE'RE WORKING WITH OUR PARTNERS 488 00:20:43,542 --> 00:20:46,612 AT LOCKHEED MARTIN. 489 00:20:46,612 --> 00:20:48,947 WE COULD BE REUSING THE PRESSURE 490 00:20:48,947 --> 00:20:51,049 VESSEL OF ORION IN THE NEAR 491 00:20:51,049 --> 00:20:51,883 FUTURE. 492 00:20:51,883 --> 00:20:56,388 THAT'S GOING TO HELP US BUILD 493 00:20:56,388 --> 00:20:58,257 REUSABLITY AND SUSTAINABILITY 494 00:20:58,257 --> 00:20:58,757 INTO THE PROJECT. 495 00:20:58,757 --> 00:21:00,692 WHEN IT COMES TO SLS, AND ON 496 00:21:00,692 --> 00:21:02,494 THIS POINT, I WANT TO BE CRYSTAL 497 00:21:02,494 --> 00:21:03,428 CLEAR. 498 00:21:03,428 --> 00:21:07,833 SLS IS NOT REUSABLE, BUT IT IS A 499 00:21:07,833 --> 00:21:08,934 CRITICAL PIECE OF THE 500 00:21:08,934 --> 00:21:11,403 ARCHITECTURE THAT ENABLES US TO 501 00:21:11,403 --> 00:21:12,871 DELIVERY USABILITY TO THE MOON. 502 00:21:12,871 --> 00:21:14,606 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT LAUNCHING 503 00:21:14,606 --> 00:21:16,975 GATEWAY AND ORION AND THE 504 00:21:16,975 --> 00:21:18,076 EUROPEAN SERVICE MODULE. 505 00:21:18,076 --> 00:21:19,945 ALL OF THESE THINGS ARE PART OF 506 00:21:19,945 --> 00:21:21,513 A REUSABLE ARCHITECTURE. 507 00:21:21,513 --> 00:21:22,781 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A ROCKET 508 00:21:22,781 --> 00:21:25,250 THAT'S BIGGER THAN ANY ROCKET 509 00:21:25,250 --> 00:21:28,020 THAT'S EVER BEEN BUILT IN HUMAN 510 00:21:28,020 --> 00:21:31,723 HISTORY, WITH A PAY LOAD FAIRING 511 00:21:31,723 --> 00:21:35,427 CAPABLE OF CARRYING VOLUMES THAT 512 00:21:35,427 --> 00:21:40,932 WE'VE EVER SEEN BEFORE, TALLEN 513 00:21:40,932 --> 00:21:48,006 ER -- TALLER THAN THE STATUE OF 514 00:21:48,006 --> 00:21:48,974 LIBERTY. 515 00:21:48,974 --> 00:21:53,178 THIS IS A TRANSFORMATIONAL 516 00:21:53,178 --> 00:21:56,415 STRATEGIC CAPABLITY FOR THE 517 00:21:56,415 --> 00:22:01,586 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 518 00:22:01,586 --> 00:22:02,321 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 519 00:22:02,321 --> 00:22:04,122 COMMERCIAL CREW COMMERCIAL 520 00:22:04,122 --> 00:22:06,224 RESUPPLY AND COMMERCIAL SUPPLY 521 00:22:06,224 --> 00:22:10,996 FOR REHABITATION, ALL OF THIS IS 522 00:22:10,996 --> 00:22:11,730 VERY STRONG IN THE PRESIDENT'S 523 00:22:11,730 --> 00:22:13,098 BUDGET REQUEST, AND WE ARE 524 00:22:13,098 --> 00:22:16,668 THRILLED THAT HE IS BACKING IT 525 00:22:16,668 --> 00:22:22,407 UP NOT JUST WITH SPACE 526 00:22:22,407 --> 00:22:24,876 DIRECTORATIVE ONE, BUT WITH THE 527 00:22:24,876 --> 00:22:27,312 BUDGET, HE'S GOING TO BUILD UP 528 00:22:27,312 --> 00:22:30,549 SUSTAINABLE RETURN TO THE MOON. 529 00:22:30,549 --> 00:22:30,916 [Applause] 530 00:22:30,916 --> 00:22:32,217 >> ONE OTHER VERY EXCITING THING 531 00:22:32,217 --> 00:22:34,052 I NEED TO MAKE SURE EVERYBODY IS 532 00:22:34,052 --> 00:22:38,557 AWARE OF WHEN WE TALK ABOUT OUR 533 00:22:38,557 --> 00:22:39,624 MOON ACTIVITIES. 534 00:22:39,624 --> 00:22:42,260 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OVER TEN 535 00:22:42,260 --> 00:22:46,765 YEARS, WE HAVE MONEY IN THIS 536 00:22:46,765 --> 00:22:48,333 BUDGET FOR A RETURN TO THE MOON 537 00:22:48,333 --> 00:22:50,135 WITH HUMANS. 538 00:22:50,135 --> 00:22:56,675 I'M TALKING ABOUT HUMAN RATED 539 00:22:56,675 --> 00:22:57,409 LANDERS COMPATIBLE WITH GATEWAY 540 00:22:57,409 --> 00:22:58,110 THAT CAN GO BACK AND FORTH TO 541 00:22:58,110 --> 00:22:58,777 THE SURFACE OF THE MOON. 542 00:22:58,777 --> 00:22:59,578 WE ARE FUNDING HUMAN RATED 543 00:22:59,578 --> 00:23:01,646 LANDERS TO GO TO THE MOON FOR 544 00:23:01,646 --> 00:23:16,495 THE FIRST TIME IN OVER TEN 545 00:23:16,495 --> 00:23:16,795 YEARS. 546 00:23:16,795 --> 00:23:17,162 [Applause] 547 00:23:17,162 --> 00:23:17,529 >> OKAY. 548 00:23:17,529 --> 00:23:19,264 SO WE HAVE A REALLY SPECIAL 549 00:23:19,264 --> 00:23:19,965 OPPORTUNITY. 550 00:23:19,965 --> 00:23:20,932 I'D LIKE TO LET EVERYBODY KNOW 551 00:23:20,932 --> 00:23:23,635 THAT WE'RE GOING TO GO LIVE FROM 552 00:23:23,635 --> 00:23:25,137 THE JOHNSON SPATE CENTER WHERE 553 00:23:25,137 --> 00:23:30,041 WE'RE GOING TO MEET ASTRONAUT 554 00:23:30,041 --> 00:23:32,244 KAREN NYEBERG. 555 00:23:32,244 --> 00:23:35,347 SHE'S GOING TO TAKE US ON A TOUR 556 00:23:35,347 --> 00:23:41,253 OF A MOCKUP THAT ASTRONAUTS WILL 557 00:23:41,253 --> 00:23:42,320 USE TO GO TO THE MOON. 558 00:23:42,320 --> 00:23:44,856 >> I'M HERE AT THE JOHNSON SPACE 559 00:23:44,856 --> 00:23:46,024 CENTER INSIDE A TEST VERSION OF 560 00:23:46,024 --> 00:23:48,827 THE ORION CAPSULE. 561 00:23:48,827 --> 00:23:52,297 OVER AT KSC YOU OF COURSE ARE 562 00:23:52,297 --> 00:23:54,132 SEEING THE REAL HARDWARE, WHAT 563 00:23:54,132 --> 00:23:56,067 WE'RE GOING TO USE TO FLY CREWS 564 00:23:56,067 --> 00:23:59,638 TO SPACE, TO THE VICINITY OF THE 565 00:23:59,638 --> 00:24:01,540 MOON. 566 00:24:01,540 --> 00:24:06,244 THIS IS ACTUALLY A VOLUMETRIC 567 00:24:06,244 --> 00:24:08,079 MOCKUP, THE SAME SIZE WHAT YOU 568 00:24:08,079 --> 00:24:11,316 WOULD EXPECT THE ORION IS. 569 00:24:11,316 --> 00:24:13,418 YOU REALLY GET A SENSE WHEN 570 00:24:13,418 --> 00:24:15,120 YOU'RE SITTING IN HERE, WHEN YOU 571 00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:16,455 GET INSIDE, WHAT IT'S GOING TO 572 00:24:16,455 --> 00:24:18,223 BE LIKE FOR THE CREW WHEN WE 573 00:24:18,223 --> 00:24:20,392 ACTUALLY START TAKING IT TO THE 574 00:24:20,392 --> 00:24:23,128 VICINITY OF THE MOON. 575 00:24:23,128 --> 00:24:23,829 I'M SITTING HERE NEXT TO THE 576 00:24:23,829 --> 00:24:24,329 COMMANDER SEAT. 577 00:24:24,329 --> 00:24:25,430 THE COMMANDER WOULD BE SITTING 578 00:24:25,430 --> 00:24:27,732 HERE TO MY LEFT, AND IN FRONT OF 579 00:24:27,732 --> 00:24:30,936 US ARE THE DISPLAYS. 580 00:24:30,936 --> 00:24:32,103 WE HAVE THREE SCREENS WE CAN 581 00:24:32,103 --> 00:24:34,039 SWITCH, DEPENDING ON WHAT PHASE 582 00:24:34,039 --> 00:24:35,373 OF FLIGHT WE'RE IN. 583 00:24:35,373 --> 00:24:39,177 HERE WE MONITOR ALL OF OUR 584 00:24:39,177 --> 00:24:42,881 SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATIONS, PROP, 585 00:24:42,881 --> 00:24:43,381 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. 586 00:24:43,381 --> 00:24:50,689 WE CAN MONITOR OUR POSITION IN 587 00:24:50,689 --> 00:24:52,624 SPACE AND OUR TRAJECTORIES. 588 00:24:52,624 --> 00:24:56,328 HERE IS A WINDOW, WHICH I THINK 589 00:24:56,328 --> 00:24:58,563 IS A KEY COMPONENT FOR ANYTHING 590 00:24:58,563 --> 00:24:59,831 THAT'S GOING TO CARRY PEOPLE, 591 00:24:59,831 --> 00:25:02,734 AND I'M SURE THIS IS GOING TO 592 00:25:02,734 --> 00:25:04,035 PROVIDE A GREAT VIEW OF THE MOON 593 00:25:04,035 --> 00:25:05,470 FOR PEOPLE THAT ARE GETTING 594 00:25:05,470 --> 00:25:06,238 NEAR. 595 00:25:06,238 --> 00:25:10,041 IT'S A GREAT TIME FOR NASA NOW. 596 00:25:10,041 --> 00:25:12,711 NOT ONLY ARE WE BUILDING ORION 597 00:25:12,711 --> 00:25:15,380 AND SLS, BUT WE'RE CONTINUING TO 598 00:25:15,380 --> 00:25:17,382 LIVE ON BOARD THE INTERNATIONAL 599 00:25:17,382 --> 00:25:18,183 SPACE STATION FOR INVESTIGATORS 600 00:25:18,183 --> 00:25:19,584 ALL OVER THE WORLD. 601 00:25:19,584 --> 00:25:21,219 WE'RE ALSO DEMONSTRATING SOME 602 00:25:21,219 --> 00:25:22,254 HARDWARE ON THE SPACE STATION 603 00:25:22,254 --> 00:25:24,890 AND OF COURSE FOSTERING THE 604 00:25:24,890 --> 00:25:25,624 COMMERCIAL PARTICIPATION IN 605 00:25:25,624 --> 00:25:26,892 SPACE TRAVEL. 606 00:25:26,892 --> 00:25:28,193 AND AT THE SAME TIME GETTING 607 00:25:28,193 --> 00:25:30,595 READY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 608 00:25:30,595 --> 00:25:31,963 GATEWAY AND THE LUNAR LANDERS 609 00:25:31,963 --> 00:25:36,268 AND ALL OF THE SCIENCE PAY LOADS 610 00:25:36,268 --> 00:25:37,002 THAT ARE REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH 611 00:25:37,002 --> 00:25:37,736 THAT -- THAT PRESENCE THERE. 612 00:25:37,736 --> 00:25:39,371 IT'S REALLY, REALLY EXCITING FOR 613 00:25:39,371 --> 00:25:40,572 ALL OF US. 614 00:25:40,572 --> 00:25:44,009 I HAVE WITH ME HERE -- TO SHOW 615 00:25:44,009 --> 00:25:47,379 THIS IS A LUNAR SAMPLE THAT WAS 616 00:25:47,379 --> 00:25:49,848 ACTUALLY BROUGHT BACK FROM ONE 617 00:25:49,848 --> 00:25:52,384 OF THE APOLLO MISSIONS, AND THIS 618 00:25:52,384 --> 00:25:53,985 ONE ACTUALLY FLEW ON A SPACE 619 00:25:53,985 --> 00:25:55,186 SHUTTLE TO THE SPACE STATION. 620 00:25:55,186 --> 00:25:58,123 WE'RE REALLY EXCITED AS CREW TO 621 00:25:58,123 --> 00:25:59,925 BRING BACK SAMPLES LIKE THIS FOR 622 00:25:59,925 --> 00:26:01,092 SCIENTISTS TO STUDY AGAIN. 623 00:26:01,092 --> 00:26:04,596 AND EVENTUALLY, SAMPLES FROM 624 00:26:04,596 --> 00:26:04,896 MARS. 625 00:26:04,896 --> 00:26:08,333 BACK TO YOU, ADMINISTRATOR 626 00:26:08,333 --> 00:26:08,733 BRIDENSTINE. 627 00:26:08,733 --> 00:26:10,135 >> WELL, KAREN, THANK YOU FOR 628 00:26:10,135 --> 00:26:11,770 THAT BRIEF AND THAT UPDATE. 629 00:26:11,770 --> 00:26:13,605 CAN YOU SHARE WITH US AS AN 630 00:26:13,605 --> 00:26:15,340 ASTRONAUT, AND I KNOW YOU'RE 631 00:26:15,340 --> 00:26:18,243 WORKING WITH THE ASTRONAUT CORPS 632 00:26:18,243 --> 00:26:24,149 ALL THE TIME, WITH ALL OF THESE 633 00:26:24,149 --> 00:26:24,816 DEVELOPMENTS UNDERWAY AND 634 00:26:24,816 --> 00:26:26,818 TESTING -- OF COURSE WE'VE GOT 635 00:26:26,818 --> 00:26:28,753 THE DRAGON, THE STAR LINER, AND 636 00:26:28,753 --> 00:26:35,660 NOW WE'VE GOT ORION, DO THE 637 00:26:35,660 --> 00:26:39,264 ASTRONAUTS FLY -- FIGHT OVER 638 00:26:39,264 --> 00:26:40,999 WHO'S GOING TO FLY WHICH 639 00:26:40,999 --> 00:26:41,366 VEHICLE? 640 00:26:41,366 --> 00:26:43,802 >> I THINK EVERYBODY HAS IN 641 00:26:43,802 --> 00:26:46,871 THEIR MIND THAT THEY WANT TO FLY 642 00:26:46,871 --> 00:26:47,238 SOMETHING. 643 00:26:47,238 --> 00:26:50,775 I THINK WE'RE IN A UNIQUE 644 00:26:50,775 --> 00:26:51,910 POSITION THAT WE CAN SUPPLY 645 00:26:51,910 --> 00:26:53,044 SOMETHING, AND I THINK EVERYONE 646 00:26:53,044 --> 00:26:55,313 IS JUST HAPPY TO GET A FLIGHT 647 00:26:55,313 --> 00:26:55,714 ASSIGNMENT. 648 00:26:55,714 --> 00:26:56,848 >> WELL, KAREN, THANK YOU FOR 649 00:26:56,848 --> 00:26:57,315 THAT. 650 00:26:57,315 --> 00:26:59,351 I'M GOING TO TALK JUST FOR A 651 00:26:59,351 --> 00:27:00,619 SECOND ABOUT THAT LUNAR SAMPLE 652 00:27:00,619 --> 00:27:02,253 THAT YOU HAVE IN YOUR HAND. 653 00:27:02,253 --> 00:27:04,189 WE HAVE A SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT 654 00:27:04,189 --> 00:27:05,090 TODAY. 655 00:27:05,090 --> 00:27:07,592 WE HAVE THREE LUNAR SAMPLES THAT 656 00:27:07,592 --> 00:27:09,327 HAVE COME BACK FROM THE MOON 657 00:27:09,327 --> 00:27:11,563 THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN OPENED. 658 00:27:11,563 --> 00:27:13,064 WE'RE GOING BACK TO OUR MISSIONS 659 00:27:13,064 --> 00:27:16,368 FROM 1969 TO 1972, THREE MISSION 660 00:27:16,368 --> 00:27:17,702 SAMPLES THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN 661 00:27:17,702 --> 00:27:18,136 OPENED. 662 00:27:18,136 --> 00:27:19,904 AND IN THIS PARTICULAR BUDGET 663 00:27:19,904 --> 00:27:22,874 AND THIS PARTICULAR YEAR, WE ARE 664 00:27:22,874 --> 00:27:24,442 VERY MUCH LOOKING FORWARD TO 665 00:27:24,442 --> 00:27:27,045 CONTRACTING WITH NINE DIFFERENT 666 00:27:27,045 --> 00:27:27,946 COMPANIES TO HAVE THE 667 00:27:27,946 --> 00:27:29,414 OPPORTUNITY TO USE THE 668 00:27:29,414 --> 00:27:31,716 TECHNOLOGY WE HAVE TODAY TO 669 00:27:31,716 --> 00:27:34,319 STUDY THOSE VERY PRISTINE 670 00:27:34,319 --> 00:27:35,620 SIMPLES THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN 671 00:27:35,620 --> 00:27:35,954 OPENED. 672 00:27:35,954 --> 00:27:38,723 NOW I WANT TO BE CLEAR. 673 00:27:38,723 --> 00:27:40,358 HERE'S A CRITICALLY IMPORTANT 674 00:27:40,358 --> 00:27:41,493 PIECE OF KNOWLEDGE THAT WE NEED 675 00:27:41,493 --> 00:27:42,160 TO UNDER. 676 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:44,029 WHEN THE PREVIOUS GENERATIONS 677 00:27:44,029 --> 00:27:46,031 DID APOLLO, THEY KNEW THAT THE 678 00:27:46,031 --> 00:27:48,233 TECHNOLOGY THAT THEY HAD IN THAT 679 00:27:48,233 --> 00:27:49,901 DAY WAS NOT THE TECHNOLOGY THAT 680 00:27:49,901 --> 00:27:52,504 WE WOULD HAVE IN THIS DAY, SO 681 00:27:52,504 --> 00:27:53,972 THEY MADE A DETERMINATION THAT 682 00:27:53,972 --> 00:27:57,108 THEY WERE GOING TO PRESERVE 683 00:27:57,108 --> 00:27:58,276 SAMPLES BECAUSE THEY KNEW THERE 684 00:27:58,276 --> 00:27:59,811 WOULD BE A DAY WHEN BETTER 685 00:27:59,811 --> 00:28:01,312 TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE ABLE TO 686 00:28:01,312 --> 00:28:03,882 BETTER ASSESS ALL OF THE 687 00:28:03,882 --> 00:28:05,083 DIFFERENT -- THE HISTORY OF THE 688 00:28:05,083 --> 00:28:06,785 MOON FROM ULTIMATELY THE 689 00:28:06,785 --> 00:28:07,819 TECHNOLOGY THAT WE HAVE TODAY. 690 00:28:07,819 --> 00:28:10,321 SO TODAY, WE HAVE THIS VERY 691 00:28:10,321 --> 00:28:12,590 SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT THAT WE 692 00:28:12,590 --> 00:28:14,893 HAVE NINE TEAMS THAT WILL BE 693 00:28:14,893 --> 00:28:16,461 EXAMINING NINE UNOPENED SAMPLES 694 00:28:16,461 --> 00:28:17,762 THAT HAVE COME BACK FROM THE 695 00:28:17,762 --> 00:28:20,432 MOON, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE CAN DO 696 00:28:20,432 --> 00:28:21,666 THAT BECAUSE THERE ARE MORE 697 00:28:21,666 --> 00:28:23,568 LUNAR SAMPLES ON THE HORIZON 698 00:28:23,568 --> 00:28:26,638 WHERE WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO 699 00:28:26,638 --> 00:28:28,073 LEARN MORE ABOUT WE'VE EVER 700 00:28:28,073 --> 00:28:29,140 LEARNED ABOUT THE MOON BEFORE. 701 00:28:29,140 --> 00:28:31,743 SO I'D LIKE TO THANK, IF IT'S 702 00:28:31,743 --> 00:28:34,479 OKAY, THE APOLLO GENERATION FOR 703 00:28:34,479 --> 00:28:44,789 PRESERVING THESE SAMPLES -- 704 00:28:44,789 --> 00:28:45,156 [Applause] 705 00:28:45,156 --> 00:28:46,858 >> -- SO THAT OUR GENERATION 706 00:28:46,858 --> 00:28:50,295 COULD HAVE THIS OPPORTUNITY. 707 00:28:50,295 --> 00:28:51,196 KAREN, THANK YOU FOR YOUR 708 00:28:51,196 --> 00:28:53,198 GREAT -- GREAT FEEDBACK ON 709 00:28:53,198 --> 00:28:55,333 WHAT'S HAPPENING THERE AT THE 710 00:28:55,333 --> 00:28:56,067 JOHNSON SPACE CENTER. 711 00:28:56,067 --> 00:28:58,002 I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND -- 712 00:28:58,002 --> 00:29:06,644 OH, YES, PLEASE. 713 00:29:06,644 --> 00:29:07,011 [Applause] 714 00:29:07,011 --> 00:29:08,747 >> I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND 715 00:29:08,747 --> 00:29:11,282 ABOUT THE GATEWAY. 716 00:29:11,282 --> 00:29:13,752 ONE OF THE VALUABLE CAPABILITIES 717 00:29:13,752 --> 00:29:15,653 THAT THE GATEWAY IS GOING TO 718 00:29:15,653 --> 00:29:21,593 BRING IS A PLUS UP IN SOLAR 719 00:29:21,593 --> 00:29:23,461 ELECTRIC PROPULLTION. 720 00:29:23,461 --> 00:29:26,664 NOW, THE GATEWAY IS NOT AN 721 00:29:26,664 --> 00:29:27,532 ELECTRIC SPACE STATION. 722 00:29:27,532 --> 00:29:28,733 WE WANT IT TO BE MANEUVER AROUND 723 00:29:28,733 --> 00:29:31,970 TO GO TO ALL PARTS OF THE MOON. 724 00:29:31,970 --> 00:29:32,670 AND IN ORDER TO DO THAT, CAN 725 00:29:32,670 --> 00:29:34,973 CAN'T GROW TOO BIG. 726 00:29:34,973 --> 00:29:40,145 THE MASS CAN'T BE TOO BIG, SO WE 727 00:29:40,145 --> 00:29:43,782 CAN USE SOLAR PROPULSION, TO BE 728 00:29:43,782 --> 00:29:46,584 ABLE TO GO AGAIN TO THE POLES, 729 00:29:46,584 --> 00:29:47,952 BOTH THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH 730 00:29:47,952 --> 00:29:50,221 POLE OF THE MOON. 731 00:29:50,221 --> 00:29:54,092 COULD WE BRING UP A PICTURE OF 732 00:29:54,092 --> 00:29:55,527 THE GATEWAY? 733 00:29:55,527 --> 00:29:57,428 SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE 734 00:29:57,428 --> 00:29:59,197 GATEWAY, I JUST WANT TO SHOW 735 00:29:59,197 --> 00:30:02,734 YOU -- THIS IS KIND OF AN 736 00:30:02,734 --> 00:30:03,868 ASPIRATIONAL VISION OF THE 737 00:30:03,868 --> 00:30:04,702 GATEWAY. 738 00:30:04,702 --> 00:30:06,137 THIS IS NOT WHAT IT IS TODAY, 739 00:30:06,137 --> 00:30:07,405 THIS IS ASPIRATIONAL. 740 00:30:07,405 --> 00:30:08,940 I CAN TELL YOU JUST THIS 741 00:30:08,940 --> 00:30:10,542 MORNING, I GOT OFF THE PHONE 742 00:30:10,542 --> 00:30:12,944 WITH ALL OF OUR PARTNERS ON THE 743 00:30:12,944 --> 00:30:14,946 I.S.S. AND OTHERS, AND THEY ARE 744 00:30:14,946 --> 00:30:16,981 VERY EXCITED ABOUT PARTNERING 745 00:30:16,981 --> 00:30:20,952 WITH US ONGOING TO THE MOON. 746 00:30:20,952 --> 00:30:24,088 COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO, WE 747 00:30:24,088 --> 00:30:26,157 ANNOUNCED THAT CANADA IS 748 00:30:26,157 --> 00:30:28,726 PARTNERING WITH US ON THE CREW 749 00:30:28,726 --> 00:30:31,930 THAT'S GOING TO THE MOON ON THE 750 00:30:31,930 --> 00:30:32,730 GATEWAY. 751 00:30:32,730 --> 00:30:34,766 NOW, THAT'S NOT GOING TO BE 752 00:30:34,766 --> 00:30:37,535 MANNED 24-7, SO ROBOTICS IS 753 00:30:37,535 --> 00:30:39,604 GOING TO BE A BIG PIECE OF IT. 754 00:30:39,604 --> 00:30:44,209 OF COURSE CANADA COMING ON FOR 755 00:30:44,209 --> 00:30:46,911 THE GATEWAY, WE'RE VERY EXCITED, 756 00:30:46,911 --> 00:30:48,479 AND WE HAVE OTHER AGENCIES 757 00:30:48,479 --> 00:30:50,415 AROUND THE WORLD EXCITED ABOUT 758 00:30:50,415 --> 00:30:52,016 PARTNERING WITH GATEWAY. 759 00:30:52,016 --> 00:30:53,551 HERE'S WHY IT'S IMPORTANT. 760 00:30:53,551 --> 00:30:55,019 NASA IS VERY UNIQUE IN ALL OF 761 00:30:55,019 --> 00:30:55,954 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 762 00:30:55,954 --> 00:30:57,422 WE'RE ABLE TO HAVE PARTNERSHIPS 763 00:30:57,422 --> 00:30:58,990 WITH COUNTRIES THAT IN SOME 764 00:30:58,990 --> 00:31:00,325 CASES WE WOULDN'T NORMALLY BE 765 00:31:00,325 --> 00:31:01,292 ABLE TO PARTNER WITH. 766 00:31:01,292 --> 00:31:05,864 YOU CAN SEE ON THIS ROSCOSMOS. 767 00:31:05,864 --> 00:31:07,432 THE RELATIONSHIP WITH UNITED 768 00:31:07,432 --> 00:31:14,205 STATES AND RUSSIA IS STRAINED 769 00:31:14,205 --> 00:31:15,874 TERRESTRIALLY. 770 00:31:15,874 --> 00:31:19,677 BUT SINCE THE HEIGHT OF THE COLD 771 00:31:19,677 --> 00:31:22,814 WAR, WE'VE PARTNERED WITH 772 00:31:22,814 --> 00:31:23,147 RUSSIA. 773 00:31:23,147 --> 00:31:30,588 THE SOYUZ PROGRAM, THE MIR 774 00:31:30,588 --> 00:31:34,826 SHUTTLE PROGRAM, AND THE 775 00:31:34,826 --> 00:31:35,493 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 776 00:31:35,493 --> 00:31:37,929 BUT IT'S NOT JUST WITH THEM, 777 00:31:37,929 --> 00:31:40,198 IT'S THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY, 778 00:31:40,198 --> 00:31:41,966 IT'S THE JAPANESE SPACE AGENCY. 779 00:31:41,966 --> 00:31:45,336 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE GATEWAY, 780 00:31:45,336 --> 00:31:48,072 IT'S NOT THE END STATE, IT'S A 781 00:31:48,072 --> 00:31:48,406 PIECE. 782 00:31:48,406 --> 00:31:51,209 THE END STATE IS ALL OF THE 783 00:31:51,209 --> 00:31:51,509 ABOVE. 784 00:31:51,509 --> 00:31:59,317 ACCESS TO SPACE, NOT JUST LOW 785 00:31:59,317 --> 00:31:59,918 EARTH, BUT DEEP SPACE. 786 00:31:59,918 --> 00:32:01,319 THE GATEWAY. 787 00:32:01,319 --> 00:32:07,091 WHICH IS THIS COMMAND AND 788 00:32:07,091 --> 00:32:08,026 REUSABLE VEHICLE THAT CAN GO TO 789 00:32:08,026 --> 00:32:11,095 THE MOON, THAT CAN TAKE HUMANS 790 00:32:11,095 --> 00:32:12,864 BACK AND FORTH TO THE SURFACE OF 791 00:32:12,864 --> 00:32:15,333 THE MOON REUSABLELY, BUT ALSO 792 00:32:15,333 --> 00:32:17,268 LANDERS AND ROVERS. 793 00:32:17,268 --> 00:32:18,770 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THIS 794 00:32:18,770 --> 00:32:21,172 ARCHITECTURE IN THE FUTURE, WE 795 00:32:21,172 --> 00:32:22,473 DON'T WANT TO CONSTRAIN 796 00:32:22,473 --> 00:32:23,975 OURSELVES TO THE TRADITIONAL 797 00:32:23,975 --> 00:32:24,943 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 798 00:32:24,943 --> 00:32:26,144 PARTNERS, THEY ARE GOING TO BE 799 00:32:26,144 --> 00:32:28,446 WITH US, AND WE ARE THRILLED TO 800 00:32:28,446 --> 00:32:29,948 HAVE THEIR SUPPORT. 801 00:32:29,948 --> 00:32:31,249 BUT THERE ARE MORE SPACE 802 00:32:31,249 --> 00:32:32,884 AGENCIES ALL-AROUND THE WORLD 803 00:32:32,884 --> 00:32:33,985 THAN EVER BEFORE IN HUMAN 804 00:32:33,985 --> 00:32:34,319 HISTORY. 805 00:32:34,319 --> 00:32:35,320 AND OF COURSE AS WE ARE NOW 806 00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:37,588 STARTING TO SEE IN A MORE ROBUST 807 00:32:37,588 --> 00:32:39,624 WAY, WE HAVE COMMERCIAL PARTNERS 808 00:32:39,624 --> 00:32:41,192 THAT ARE BRINGING CAPABLITY TO 809 00:32:41,192 --> 00:32:42,260 US, AS WELL. 810 00:32:42,260 --> 00:32:43,594 SO THIS IS JUST A SNAPSHOT OF 811 00:32:43,594 --> 00:32:44,696 THE FUTURE. 812 00:32:44,696 --> 00:32:45,930 IT'S NOT WHERE IT IS RIGHT NOW, 813 00:32:45,930 --> 00:32:47,899 BUT I BELIEVE IN THE FUTURE, 814 00:32:47,899 --> 00:32:49,467 IT'LL LOOK SOMETHING LIKE THIS. 815 00:32:49,467 --> 00:32:50,368 AND IN ORDER TO TALK MORE ABOUT 816 00:32:50,368 --> 00:32:56,641 THE GATEWAY, I'D LIKE TO GO TO 817 00:32:56,641 --> 00:32:59,510 THE GLENN RESEARCH CENTER, WE WE 818 00:32:59,510 --> 00:33:02,947 HAVE DEB WATERS AND DAVE 819 00:33:02,947 --> 00:33:03,314 JACOBSON. 820 00:33:03,314 --> 00:33:09,253 DAVE IS THE CHIEF OF ELECTRIC 821 00:33:09,253 --> 00:33:10,588 PROPULSION OPERATIONS, AND DEB 822 00:33:10,588 --> 00:33:12,991 IS A MANAGER THERE AT GLENN. 823 00:33:12,991 --> 00:33:14,492 I'D LIKE YOU TO SHARE WITH US 824 00:33:14,492 --> 00:33:16,227 FOR A FEW MINUTES WITH WHAT'S 825 00:33:16,227 --> 00:33:19,897 HAPPENING WITH SOLAR ELECTRIC 826 00:33:19,897 --> 00:33:20,298 PROPULSION. 827 00:33:20,298 --> 00:33:20,765 >> HI. 828 00:33:20,765 --> 00:33:23,735 I'M STANDING HERE IN THE HIGH 829 00:33:23,735 --> 00:33:27,672 BAY OF THE SOLAR AND ELECTRIC 830 00:33:27,672 --> 00:33:29,874 PROPULSION LABORATORY WHERE 831 00:33:29,874 --> 00:33:30,775 WE'RE DEVELOPING PECULIAR NOLG 832 00:33:30,775 --> 00:33:32,510 THAT WILL TAKE US TO THE MOON. 833 00:33:32,510 --> 00:33:35,546 WE'VE BEEN CONDUCTING RESEARCH, 834 00:33:35,546 --> 00:33:36,748 DEVELOPMENT, AND EXPERIMENTAL 835 00:33:36,748 --> 00:33:38,649 TESTING IN OUR FACILITIES FOR 836 00:33:38,649 --> 00:33:39,550 OVER 60 YEARS. 837 00:33:39,550 --> 00:33:41,352 RIGHT NOW, WE'RE GETTING READY 838 00:33:41,352 --> 00:33:43,788 TO TEST A TYPE OF SYSTEM THAT 839 00:33:43,788 --> 00:33:48,126 WILL TAKE US FORWARD WITH THE 840 00:33:48,126 --> 00:33:49,827 GATEWAY, THE NEW SPACE CRAFT 841 00:33:49,827 --> 00:33:52,630 THAT WILL BE IN ORBIT AROUND THE 842 00:33:52,630 --> 00:33:52,930 MOON. 843 00:33:52,930 --> 00:33:55,800 MY COLLEAGUE DAVE HERE IS AN 844 00:33:55,800 --> 00:33:58,469 EXPERT IN ELECTRIC PROPULSION. 845 00:33:58,469 --> 00:34:03,041 >> A TEAM HERE AT GLENN'S 846 00:34:03,041 --> 00:34:06,511 RESEARCH CENTER IS WORKING WITH 847 00:34:06,511 --> 00:34:09,580 PARTNERS AT THE JET PROPULSION 848 00:34:09,580 --> 00:34:09,981 LABORATORY. 849 00:34:09,981 --> 00:34:11,015 THE INTENDED APPLICATION FOR 850 00:34:11,015 --> 00:34:12,283 THIS TECHNOLOGY IS THE GATEWAY 851 00:34:12,283 --> 00:34:13,651 THAT DEB AND OTHERS HAVE 852 00:34:13,651 --> 00:34:14,619 REFERRED TO TODAY. 853 00:34:14,619 --> 00:34:17,255 THE GATEWAY WILL ENABLE CREW TO 854 00:34:17,255 --> 00:34:19,190 LIVE AND WORK IN DEEP SPACE FOR 855 00:34:19,190 --> 00:34:22,126 MONTHS AT A TIME AND SERVE AS AN 856 00:34:22,126 --> 00:34:23,461 OUTPOST FOR HUMAN MISSIONS TO 857 00:34:23,461 --> 00:34:25,830 THE LUNAR SERVICE. 858 00:34:25,830 --> 00:34:31,202 THE POWER AND PROPULSION WILL BE 859 00:34:31,202 --> 00:34:33,404 THE FIRST PART OF THE GATEWAY. 860 00:34:33,404 --> 00:34:35,673 GATEWAY WILL UTILIZE SOLAR 861 00:34:35,673 --> 00:34:40,945 ELECTRIC PROPULSION TO MAINTAIN 862 00:34:40,945 --> 00:34:43,648 ITS POSITION AND MAINTAIN 863 00:34:43,648 --> 00:34:54,959 BETWEEN LUNAR ORBITS. 864 00:34:54,959 --> 00:35:02,333 A HALL THRUSTER IONIZES IN AND 865 00:35:02,333 --> 00:35:05,570 OUT -- THE POWER PROCESSES UNIT 866 00:35:05,570 --> 00:35:07,538 TAKES POWER FROM THE SOLAR ARRAY 867 00:35:07,538 --> 00:35:09,207 AND IT CONVERTS IT TO THE 868 00:35:09,207 --> 00:35:11,175 CURRENTS AND VOTAGES NECESSARY 869 00:35:11,175 --> 00:35:15,146 TO OPERATE THE THRUSTER. 870 00:35:15,146 --> 00:35:24,455 TODAY WE'RE PREPARING TO TEST A 871 00:35:24,455 --> 00:35:25,523 PROPULSION THAT IS VERY 872 00:35:25,523 --> 00:35:26,958 IMPORTANT FOR GATEWAY. 873 00:35:26,958 --> 00:35:28,426 LET'S GO INSIDE THE VACUUM 874 00:35:28,426 --> 00:35:30,128 CHAMBER NOW WITH DEB. 875 00:35:30,128 --> 00:35:33,231 >> RIGHT NOW, WE'RE INSIDE THE 876 00:35:33,231 --> 00:35:33,498 F-6. 877 00:35:33,498 --> 00:35:36,067 THIS IS ACTUALLY THE LARGEST 878 00:35:36,067 --> 00:35:38,369 CHAMBER AT LEWIS FIELD VACUUM 879 00:35:38,369 --> 00:35:41,005 CHAMBER AT LEWIS FIELD. 880 00:35:41,005 --> 00:35:45,743 BEHIND ME IS A THRUSTER. 881 00:35:45,743 --> 00:35:48,112 AROUND IT IS A THERMAL SHROUD. 882 00:35:48,112 --> 00:35:51,149 WE'RE GOING TO BE WORKING ON THE 883 00:35:51,149 --> 00:35:53,317 VARIOUS PROBES BEFORE THE FLIGHT 884 00:35:53,317 --> 00:35:54,685 MODEL COMES SOMETIME IN MAY. 885 00:35:54,685 --> 00:35:58,856 BEFORE WE CAN RUN THE THRUSTER, 886 00:35:58,856 --> 00:36:04,395 WE HAVE TO BUTTON UP OUR 887 00:36:04,395 --> 00:36:06,164 FACILITY AND VACUUM OUT THE AIR. 888 00:36:06,164 --> 00:36:07,899 THE CHAMBER WALLS CAN BE 889 00:36:07,899 --> 00:36:11,435 ACTUALLY CHILLED DOWN TO -320° 890 00:36:11,435 --> 00:36:14,071 FAHRENHEIT, AND YOU CAN SEE THAT 891 00:36:14,071 --> 00:36:16,674 THE CHAMBER'S ACTUALLY LINED IN 892 00:36:16,674 --> 00:36:17,041 GRAPHITE. 893 00:36:17,041 --> 00:36:18,910 THE REASON FOR THAT IS IT'S AN 894 00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:23,981 ELECTRIC PROPULSION CHAMBER. 895 00:36:23,981 --> 00:36:26,317 THE GRAPHITE MINIMIZES THE 896 00:36:26,317 --> 00:36:28,019 DAMAGE DONE TO THE CHAMBER AS 897 00:36:28,019 --> 00:36:30,354 WELL AS THAT CHAMBER MATERIAL 898 00:36:30,354 --> 00:36:33,991 COMING BACK AND LANDING ON THE 899 00:36:33,991 --> 00:36:38,529 THRUSTER ITSELF, SO IT MINIMIZES 900 00:36:38,529 --> 00:36:41,766 THE DAMAGE DONE. 901 00:36:41,766 --> 00:36:43,201 IN ORDER TO CREATE A SPACE 902 00:36:43,201 --> 00:36:44,602 ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS THIS, WE TRY 903 00:36:44,602 --> 00:36:48,239 TO DO ALL THE THINGS TO THE 904 00:36:48,239 --> 00:36:49,473 FACILITY TO CREATE THE 905 00:36:49,473 --> 00:36:50,741 ENVIRONMENT THAT YOU WOULD SEE 906 00:36:50,741 --> 00:36:53,077 ON THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND. 907 00:36:53,077 --> 00:36:56,414 THIS IS JUST ONE OF 26 SPACE 908 00:36:56,414 --> 00:36:58,015 FACILITY CHAMBERS WE HAVE HERE 909 00:36:58,015 --> 00:37:03,154 AT GLENN. 910 00:37:03,154 --> 00:37:04,689 WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE WE GET TO 911 00:37:04,689 --> 00:37:06,357 TEST THESE DIFFERENT TYPES OF 912 00:37:06,357 --> 00:37:08,859 POWER AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS AS 913 00:37:08,859 --> 00:37:10,194 WE'RE GETTING READY TO FLY. 914 00:37:10,194 --> 00:37:11,729 IT'LL BE GREAT TO BE ABLE TO SEE 915 00:37:11,729 --> 00:37:13,898 THIS RUNNING NEXT WEEK, RIGHT, 916 00:37:13,898 --> 00:37:14,198 DAVE? 917 00:37:14,198 --> 00:37:14,665 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 918 00:37:14,665 --> 00:37:17,168 AT NASA, WE LIKE TO SAY THAT 919 00:37:17,168 --> 00:37:18,636 TECHNOLOGY DRIVES EXPLORATION. 920 00:37:18,636 --> 00:37:20,805 HERE AT THE GLENN RESEARCH 921 00:37:20,805 --> 00:37:23,674 CENTER, WE'RE VERY EXCITED THAT 922 00:37:23,674 --> 00:37:25,776 PROPULSION IS A PART OF OUR DEEP 923 00:37:25,776 --> 00:37:27,378 SPACE EXPLORATION MISSIONS. 924 00:37:27,378 --> 00:37:29,714 WE LOOK FORWARD TO APPLYING OUR 925 00:37:29,714 --> 00:37:31,616 EXPERTISE TO HUMAN AND ROBOTIC 926 00:37:31,616 --> 00:37:32,950 MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND BEYOND. 927 00:37:32,950 --> 00:37:36,988 >> WITH BACK TO YOU, 928 00:37:36,988 --> 00:37:37,755 ADMINISTRATOR BRIDENSTINE. 929 00:37:37,755 --> 00:37:41,525 >> NICE WORK, DAVE AND DEB. 930 00:37:41,525 --> 00:37:42,293 YOU'RE GETTING APPLAUSE, IF YOU 931 00:37:42,293 --> 00:37:44,462 CAN'T HEAR IT. 932 00:37:44,462 --> 00:37:44,829 [Applause] 933 00:37:44,829 --> 00:37:46,764 >> I GOT A QUESTION FOR YOU, 934 00:37:46,764 --> 00:37:48,165 GUYS, JUST REAL QUICK BEFORE YOU 935 00:37:48,165 --> 00:37:49,033 LEAVE. 936 00:37:49,033 --> 00:37:52,236 WHAT'S THE NEXT MILESTONE IN 937 00:37:52,236 --> 00:37:54,272 THIS PROPULSION DEVELOPMENT? 938 00:37:54,272 --> 00:37:54,639 >> SURE. 939 00:37:54,639 --> 00:37:56,807 SO THE HARDWARE I SHOWED YOU 940 00:37:56,807 --> 00:37:58,075 EARLIER WAS DESIGNED AND BUILD 941 00:37:58,075 --> 00:38:03,080 BY THE GLENN AND J.P.L. TEAM. 942 00:38:03,080 --> 00:38:05,216 IN 2016, WE SELECTED AN INDUSTRY 943 00:38:05,216 --> 00:38:08,686 PARTNER WHO IS FINISHING THE 944 00:38:08,686 --> 00:38:09,420 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM AND 945 00:38:09,420 --> 00:38:10,755 ALSO QUALIFICATION FOR GATEWAY. 946 00:38:10,755 --> 00:38:12,690 IN THE MAY TIME FRAME, I THINK 947 00:38:12,690 --> 00:38:17,395 DEB MIGHT HAVE REFERRED TO THAT 948 00:38:17,395 --> 00:38:19,397 HARDWARE, WE'LL BE RECEIVING THE 949 00:38:19,397 --> 00:38:20,998 FIRST TECHNOLOGY UNITS AND WE'LL 950 00:38:20,998 --> 00:38:24,135 BE CONDUCTING THE FIRST TESTING 951 00:38:24,135 --> 00:38:25,803 ALL IN SUPPORT OF THE GATEWAY. 952 00:38:25,803 --> 00:38:26,671 >> AWESOME. 953 00:38:26,671 --> 00:38:27,538 LAST QUESTION. 954 00:38:27,538 --> 00:38:30,141 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE NEXT 955 00:38:30,141 --> 00:38:33,311 HUMAN OUTPOST IN SPACE, IN ORBIT 956 00:38:33,311 --> 00:38:36,547 AROUND THE MOON, IT'S STARTING 957 00:38:36,547 --> 00:38:39,617 IN CLEVELAND. 958 00:38:39,617 --> 00:38:42,586 HOW DO THE FOLKS IN CLEVELAND 959 00:38:42,586 --> 00:38:44,155 FEEL AT BEING AT THE FOREFRONT 960 00:38:44,155 --> 00:38:44,755 OF THIS OPPORTUNITY. 961 00:38:44,755 --> 00:38:48,025 >> I THINK I'LL SPEAK FOR THE 962 00:38:48,025 --> 00:38:50,094 ENTIRE TEAM AT THE GLENN 963 00:38:50,094 --> 00:38:52,430 RESEARCH CENTER. 964 00:38:52,430 --> 00:38:53,164 FOLKS HAVE WORKED IN THIS AREA 965 00:38:53,164 --> 00:38:54,765 LITERALLY FOR DECADES. 966 00:38:54,765 --> 00:38:56,534 THIS CHAMBER WAS PUT HERE IN 967 00:38:56,534 --> 00:38:58,069 1961, SO YEAH, WE'RE BEYOND 968 00:38:58,069 --> 00:38:59,603 EXCITED TO BRING THAT EXPERTISE 969 00:38:59,603 --> 00:39:01,172 TO BEAR FOR SUCH AN IMPORTANT 970 00:39:01,172 --> 00:39:01,739 THING FOR NASA. 971 00:39:01,739 --> 00:39:03,374 >> WELL, DAVE AND DEB, THANK YOU 972 00:39:03,374 --> 00:39:05,009 FOR YOUR GREAT WORK. 973 00:39:05,009 --> 00:39:06,477 MAKE SURE EVERYBODY THERE KNOWS 974 00:39:06,477 --> 00:39:08,012 HOW GRATEFUL WE ARE, AND WE LOOK 975 00:39:08,012 --> 00:39:13,351 FORWARD TO MAKING THIS A WINNING 976 00:39:13,351 --> 00:39:14,118 ACHIEVEMENT, AND THANK YOU FOR 977 00:39:14,118 --> 00:39:14,618 YOUR GOOD WORK. 978 00:39:14,618 --> 00:39:27,732 >> THANKS FOR THE OPPORTUNITY. 979 00:39:27,732 --> 00:39:29,033 [Applause] 980 00:39:29,033 --> 00:39:30,134 . 981 00:39:30,134 --> 00:39:34,572 >> SO WE'VE TALKED A LOT ABOUT 982 00:39:34,572 --> 00:39:39,276 THE MOON, TO GO TO THE MOON, 983 00:39:39,276 --> 00:39:40,678 SUSTAINABLY, WITH INTERNATIONAL 984 00:39:40,678 --> 00:39:42,480 PARTNERS AND COMMERCIAL 985 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:46,117 PARTNERS, TO UTILIZE THE 986 00:39:46,117 --> 00:39:47,017 RESOURCES OF THE MOON, IN OTHER 987 00:39:47,017 --> 00:39:48,953 WORDS, THE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS 988 00:39:48,953 --> 00:39:51,222 OF TONS OF WATER ICE THAT WE'RE 989 00:39:51,222 --> 00:39:52,923 ALREADY DISCOVERED. 990 00:39:52,923 --> 00:39:55,493 WATER ICE IS AIR DEBRIS, IT'S 991 00:39:55,493 --> 00:39:56,994 WATER TO DRINK. 992 00:39:56,994 --> 00:39:58,496 IT IS IN FACT PROPULSION, AND 993 00:39:58,496 --> 00:39:59,864 IT'S AVAILABLE IN HUNDREDS OF 994 00:39:59,864 --> 00:40:01,732 MILLIONS OF TONS ON THE SURFACE 995 00:40:01,732 --> 00:40:04,335 OF THE MOON. 996 00:40:04,335 --> 00:40:05,102 BUT IT'S ABOUT MORE THAN JUST 997 00:40:05,102 --> 00:40:07,171 THOSE THINGS. 998 00:40:07,171 --> 00:40:10,107 THE LAST PART OF HIS FIRST SPACE 999 00:40:10,107 --> 00:40:15,045 POLICY DIRECTIVE SAYS TO TAPE 1000 00:40:15,045 --> 00:40:19,750 THESE -- TAKE THESE CAPABLITIES 1001 00:40:19,750 --> 00:40:21,318 FOR AN EVENTUAL MISSION TO MARS. 1002 00:40:21,318 --> 00:40:25,423 SO WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO IS 1003 00:40:25,423 --> 00:40:26,590 REDUCE RISK, MAKE SURE WHAT 1004 00:40:26,590 --> 00:40:29,193 WE'RE DOING IS NOT A DEAD END 1005 00:40:29,193 --> 00:40:31,095 AND IN FACT HAS CAPABLITIES OF 1006 00:40:31,095 --> 00:40:33,697 BEING UTILIZED ON ANOTHER WORLD, 1007 00:40:33,697 --> 00:40:36,200 THAT OTHER WORLD BEING MARS. 1008 00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:37,735 LET'S TALK FOR A SECOND ABOUT 1009 00:40:37,735 --> 00:40:38,035 MARS. 1010 00:40:38,035 --> 00:40:39,804 BY THE WAY, WHEN WE'RE TALKING 1011 00:40:39,804 --> 00:40:43,641 ABOUT MARS, LET'S TALK ABOUT THE 1012 00:40:43,641 --> 00:40:46,911 SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE, THE 1013 00:40:46,911 --> 00:40:48,245 PLANETARY MISSION OF THE SCIENCE 1014 00:40:48,245 --> 00:40:49,647 MISSION DIRECTORATE. 1015 00:40:49,647 --> 00:40:54,385 HERE'S WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT MARS. 1016 00:40:54,385 --> 00:40:56,353 BECAUSE OF THE SCIENCE MISSION 1017 00:40:56,353 --> 00:40:59,223 DIRECTORATE, WE NOW KNOW IT WAS 1018 00:40:59,223 --> 00:41:00,324 COVERED WITH WATER. 1019 00:41:00,324 --> 00:41:05,329 AND IN FACT, THERE WAS FLOWING 1020 00:41:05,329 --> 00:41:08,199 WATER ON MARS BECAUSE OF THE 1021 00:41:08,199 --> 00:41:10,935 MAVEN ORBITER, WE ULTIMATELY 1022 00:41:10,935 --> 00:41:12,303 UNDERSTAND WHAT HAPPENED TO THAT 1023 00:41:12,303 --> 00:41:13,437 ATMOSPHERE ON MARS. 1024 00:41:13,437 --> 00:41:15,206 WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT AN OCEAN, 1025 00:41:15,206 --> 00:41:19,844 THAT MEANS YES THERE WAS AN 1026 00:41:19,844 --> 00:41:21,679 OCEAN, AND THERE WAS A THICK 1027 00:41:21,679 --> 00:41:28,319 ATMOSPHERE, AND THERE IS A 1028 00:41:28,319 --> 00:41:32,256 MAGNETOSPHERE PROTECTING MARS 1029 00:41:32,256 --> 00:41:43,234 FROM THAT DEEP AT MOSS AT -- 1030 00:41:43,234 --> 00:41:43,834 ATMOSPHERE AND SPACE. 1031 00:41:43,834 --> 00:41:46,370 ALL OF THIS SUGGESTS THAT AT ONE 1032 00:41:46,370 --> 00:41:48,305 TIME, IT WAS HABITABLE, AND 1033 00:41:48,305 --> 00:41:51,141 HERE'S WHAT WE KNOW NOW BECAUSE 1034 00:41:51,141 --> 00:41:55,713 OF THE CURIOSITY ROVER. 1035 00:41:55,713 --> 00:41:58,716 WE KNOW THERE ARE COMPLEX 1036 00:41:58,716 --> 00:42:00,784 ORGANIC MATTER ON THE SURFACE OF 1037 00:42:00,784 --> 00:42:01,085 MARS. 1038 00:42:01,085 --> 00:42:02,987 AND THAT WAS JUST IN THE LAST 1039 00:42:02,987 --> 00:42:03,287 YEAR. 1040 00:42:03,287 --> 00:42:10,227 WE KNOW NOW THE METHANE CLOCKS 1041 00:42:10,227 --> 00:42:13,230 OF MARS ARE COMMENSURRATE WITH 1042 00:42:13,230 --> 00:42:18,269 THE SEASONS OF MARS. 1043 00:42:18,269 --> 00:42:20,838 THEY ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF 1044 00:42:20,838 --> 00:42:21,372 LIFE. 1045 00:42:21,372 --> 00:42:22,806 THE PROBABILITY THAT WE MIGHT 1046 00:42:22,806 --> 00:42:24,909 FIND LIFE ON ANOTHER WORLD HAS 1047 00:42:24,909 --> 00:42:25,809 GONE UP. 1048 00:42:25,809 --> 00:42:29,146 WHEN THE METHANE CYCLES WITH 1049 00:42:29,146 --> 00:42:33,651 COMMENSURATE WITH THE SEASONS, 1050 00:42:33,651 --> 00:42:36,554 IT DOESN'T GUARANTEE THERE'S 1051 00:42:36,554 --> 00:42:38,022 LIFE, BUT THERE'S A POSSIBILITY 1052 00:42:38,022 --> 00:42:38,889 OF LIFE. 1053 00:42:38,889 --> 00:42:39,690 I'M NOT TALKING22 ABOUT222222222 1054 00:42:39,690 --> 00:42:41,292 BUN22222 Y222222 ROBERT22222 1055 00:42:41,292 --> 00:42:46,697 S2222222222222222222222222WS -- 1056 00:42:46,697 --> 00:42:53,137 BUNNY RABBITS, BUT I'M -- I'M 1057 00:42:53,137 --> 00:42:55,539 TALKING ABOUT LIFE. 1058 00:42:55,539 --> 00:42:57,107 ABOUT OUR ABILITY TO POTENTIALLY 1059 00:42:57,107 --> 00:42:59,643 REACH OUT AND FIND LIFE ON 1060 00:42:59,643 --> 00:43:03,547 ANOTHER WORLD. 1061 00:43:03,547 --> 00:43:03,914 [Applause] 1062 00:43:03,914 --> 00:43:05,683 >> SO HOW DO WE DO THAT? 1063 00:43:05,683 --> 00:43:07,751 THIS BUDGET FULLY FUNDS MARS 1064 00:43:07,751 --> 00:43:08,052 2020. 1065 00:43:08,052 --> 00:43:14,091 THIS IS AN AMAZING CAPABLITY. 1066 00:43:14,091 --> 00:43:15,826 FOR THE FIRST TIME, WE ARE GOING 1067 00:43:15,826 --> 00:43:18,963 TO CATCH SAMPLES OF MARS FOR AN 1068 00:43:18,963 --> 00:43:19,496 EVENTUAL RETURN. 1069 00:43:19,496 --> 00:43:21,265 WE ARE ALSO GOING TO FIGURE OUT 1070 00:43:21,265 --> 00:43:24,268 HOW DO WE USE THE CARBON DIOXIDE 1071 00:43:24,268 --> 00:43:26,003 OF MARS TO PRODUCE OXYGEN THAT 1072 00:43:26,003 --> 00:43:27,705 EVENTUALLY HUMANS WILL BE ABLE 1073 00:43:27,705 --> 00:43:28,405 TO BREATHE? 1074 00:43:28,405 --> 00:43:29,907 AND EVEN MORE EXCITING, WE ARE 1075 00:43:29,907 --> 00:43:32,409 GOING TO, FOR THE FIRST TIME, 1076 00:43:32,409 --> 00:43:34,011 FLY A HELICOPTER ON ANOTHER 1077 00:43:34,011 --> 00:43:43,621 WORLD WITH THE MARS HELICOPTER. 1078 00:43:43,621 --> 00:43:43,988 [Applause] 1079 00:43:43,988 --> 00:43:46,023 >> MARS 2020 IS FULLY FUNDED IN 1080 00:43:46,023 --> 00:43:47,725 THIS BUDGET REQUEST, BUT EVEN 1081 00:43:47,725 --> 00:43:49,393 MORE, A MARS SAMPLE RETURN IS 1082 00:43:49,393 --> 00:43:51,195 ALSO FUNDED IN THIS BUDGET 1083 00:43:51,195 --> 00:43:52,596 REQUEST, WHICH WE ARE VERY 1084 00:43:52,596 --> 00:43:58,502 EXCITED ABOUT. 1085 00:43:58,502 --> 00:43:58,869 [Applause] 1086 00:43:58,869 --> 00:44:03,440 >> THE MOON IS THE PROVING 1087 00:44:03,440 --> 00:44:03,774 GROUND. 1088 00:44:03,774 --> 00:44:07,211 MARS IS THE HORIZON GOAL, AND IT 1089 00:44:07,211 --> 00:44:09,847 REQUIRES AN ALL-OF-THE-ABOVE 1090 00:44:09,847 --> 00:44:11,315 APPROACH. 1091 00:44:11,315 --> 00:44:13,317 I'M GOING TO ANCHOR ON THE 1092 00:44:13,317 --> 00:44:15,052 SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE JUST 1093 00:44:15,052 --> 00:44:16,387 FOR A MINUTE BECAUSE I NEED TO 1094 00:44:16,387 --> 00:44:20,324 GIVE A LOT OF CREDIT TO A LOT OF 1095 00:44:20,324 --> 00:44:20,658 PEOPLE. 1096 00:44:20,658 --> 00:44:24,628 WHEN I WAS HOME FOR CHRISTMAS, 1097 00:44:24,628 --> 00:44:30,334 OSIRIS REX ENTERED ORBIT AROUND 1098 00:44:30,334 --> 00:44:32,936 BENU, AND WE'RE GOING TO HAVE 1099 00:44:32,936 --> 00:44:36,974 THIS DO A SAMPLE FROM BENU, AN 1100 00:44:36,974 --> 00:44:37,875 ASTEROID IN DEEP SPACE. 1101 00:44:37,875 --> 00:44:43,947 AND JUST A FEW DAYS LATER, WE 1102 00:44:43,947 --> 00:44:47,384 FLEW 4 BILLION MILES AWAY FROM 1103 00:44:47,384 --> 00:44:50,888 EARTH ON THE OTHER SIDE OF EARTH 1104 00:44:50,888 --> 00:44:54,992 IN THE KUYPER BELT. 1105 00:44:54,992 --> 00:44:56,226 AND OF COURSE BEFORE WE DID THIS 1106 00:44:56,226 --> 00:44:58,595 FLY BY, WE HAD NO IDEA WHAT THIS 1107 00:44:58,595 --> 00:45:02,599 OBJECT WOULD LOOK LIKE, BUT NOW, 1108 00:45:02,599 --> 00:45:05,335 WE KNOW, AND WE'RE GETTING 1109 00:45:05,335 --> 00:45:10,574 VALUABLE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION. 1110 00:45:10,574 --> 00:45:12,810 THE PRIORITY IN THIS BUDGET IS 1111 00:45:12,810 --> 00:45:15,979 FUNDED VERY, VERY WELL, AND 1112 00:45:15,979 --> 00:45:17,314 MAKES US HEALTHY. 1113 00:45:17,314 --> 00:45:19,883 IF WE'RE GOING TO FLY HUMANS TO 1114 00:45:19,883 --> 00:45:23,287 MARS, WHAT OTHER PARTS OF THE 1115 00:45:23,287 --> 00:45:24,054 SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE DO 1116 00:45:24,054 --> 00:45:27,157 WE NEED TO FUND AND UNDERSTAND? 1117 00:45:27,157 --> 00:45:30,394 WELL, IF WE'RE GOING TO TAKE 1118 00:45:30,394 --> 00:45:32,930 HUMANS THROUGH MARS, WE'RE GOING 1119 00:45:32,930 --> 00:45:34,698 TO HAVE TO TAKE THEM THROUGH 1120 00:45:34,698 --> 00:45:35,599 DEEP SPACE. 1121 00:45:35,599 --> 00:45:38,001 WE NEED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW 1122 00:45:38,001 --> 00:45:39,570 THE SUN PUTS RADIATION INTO 1123 00:45:39,570 --> 00:45:39,870 SPACE. 1124 00:45:39,870 --> 00:45:45,375 WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO, IN FACT, 1125 00:45:45,375 --> 00:45:47,811 PREDICT SOLAR FLAIRS AND CORONA 1126 00:45:47,811 --> 00:45:49,313 MASS EJECTIONS. 1127 00:45:49,313 --> 00:45:50,647 BECAUSE IF WE'RE NOT ABLE TO 1128 00:45:50,647 --> 00:45:53,183 PREDICT THAT AND OUR ASTRONAUTS 1129 00:45:53,183 --> 00:45:54,451 END UP IN THE MIDDLE OF 1130 00:45:54,451 --> 00:45:57,354 SOMETHING LIKE THAT, IT COULD BE 1131 00:45:57,354 --> 00:45:58,522 VERY DAMAGING TO THEIR HEALTH. 1132 00:45:58,522 --> 00:46:00,958 PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS FULLY 1133 00:46:00,958 --> 00:46:02,426 FUNDED AND WE ARE FOLLOWING THE 1134 00:46:02,426 --> 00:46:09,767 ADVICE OF THE DECADO -- AND 1135 00:46:09,767 --> 00:46:11,468 ULTIMATELY BE ABLE TO PREDICT SO 1136 00:46:11,468 --> 00:46:13,804 WE CAN PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR 1137 00:46:13,804 --> 00:46:15,973 HUMANS HERE ON EARTH, NOT JUST 1138 00:46:15,973 --> 00:46:16,740 ON MARS. 1139 00:46:16,740 --> 00:46:18,442 TO BE CLEAR, I WANT TO BE CLEAR 1140 00:46:18,442 --> 00:46:21,178 ON THIS, IF WE HAVE A CORONA 1141 00:46:21,178 --> 00:46:27,184 MASS EJECTION LIKE A CARINGTON 1142 00:46:27,184 --> 00:46:28,952 EVENT IN THE 1800'S, IT COULD BE 1143 00:46:28,952 --> 00:46:31,121 VERY DAMAGING FOR HUMAN KIND. 1144 00:46:31,121 --> 00:46:32,356 IMAGINE NOT HAVING THE POWER 1145 00:46:32,356 --> 00:46:35,292 GRID OR HAVING YOUR CELL TOWERS 1146 00:46:35,292 --> 00:46:37,027 WORK, THAT COULD BE EXISTENTIAL, 1147 00:46:37,027 --> 00:46:40,964 SO WE NEED TO BE VERY GOOD AT 1148 00:46:40,964 --> 00:46:42,299 PREDICTING WHEN THESE KINDS OF 1149 00:46:42,299 --> 00:46:43,934 EVENTS WILL OCCUR. 1150 00:46:43,934 --> 00:46:45,502 WE ARE FUNDING THOSE MISSIONS 1151 00:46:45,502 --> 00:46:47,337 WITH THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE AND 1152 00:46:47,337 --> 00:46:49,006 OTHERS, AND THAT TAKES US OUT 1153 00:46:49,006 --> 00:46:51,875 FROM THE SUN TO THE EARTH. 1154 00:46:51,875 --> 00:46:53,343 THE PRESIDENT HAS NOW SIGNED NO 1155 00:46:53,343 --> 00:46:55,312 LAW THE HIGHEST EARTH SCIENCE 1156 00:46:55,312 --> 00:46:59,216 BUDGET IN THE HISTORY OF THE 1157 00:46:59,216 --> 00:47:01,552 UNITED STATES EVERY YEAR THAT HE 1158 00:47:01,552 --> 00:47:05,956 HAS BEEN THE PRESIDENT OF THE 1159 00:47:05,956 --> 00:47:08,225 UNITED STATES. 1160 00:47:08,225 --> 00:47:08,625 [Applause] 1161 00:47:08,625 --> 00:47:13,363 >> AND THIS BUDGET REQUEST IS 1162 00:47:13,363 --> 00:47:15,065 HIGHER THAN FIVE OF THE BUDGETS 1163 00:47:15,065 --> 00:47:18,035 THAT CAME OUT OF THE PREVIOUS 1164 00:47:18,035 --> 00:47:18,502 ADMINISTRATION. 1165 00:47:18,502 --> 00:47:20,304 WHEN I CAME TO NASA, I COMMITTED 1166 00:47:20,304 --> 00:47:22,773 TO CONGRESS, AND I COMMIT TO YOU 1167 00:47:22,773 --> 00:47:25,309 NOW THAT THE EARTH SCIENCE 1168 00:47:25,309 --> 00:47:26,743 DIVISION OF THE SCIENCE MISSION 1169 00:47:26,743 --> 00:47:30,280 DIRECTORATE WOULD BE STRONG, 1170 00:47:30,280 --> 00:47:31,248 THAT WE WOULD MOVE FORWARD, NO 1171 00:47:31,248 --> 00:47:32,749 KIDDING, WITH THE SURVEYS THAT 1172 00:47:32,749 --> 00:47:33,884 COME FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMY 1173 00:47:33,884 --> 00:47:36,453 OF SCIENCES IN ALL OF THEIR 1174 00:47:36,453 --> 00:47:38,422 AGENDA ITEMS STARTING WITH 1175 00:47:38,422 --> 00:47:39,323 UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTION 1176 00:47:39,323 --> 00:47:42,259 WITH THE WATER CYCLE AND THE 1177 00:47:42,259 --> 00:47:44,328 ENERGY CYCLE, ULTIMATELY BEING 1178 00:47:44,328 --> 00:47:47,097 ABLE TO PREDICT WEATHER AND AIR 1179 00:47:47,097 --> 00:47:49,099 QUALITY, UNDERSTANDING NATURAL 1180 00:47:49,099 --> 00:47:50,868 DISASTERS AND HOW THEY OCCUR. 1181 00:47:50,868 --> 00:47:54,638 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT ECO SYSTEM 1182 00:47:54,638 --> 00:47:58,442 CHANGE, WHICH, FRIENDS, IT IS 1183 00:47:58,442 --> 00:47:58,809 CHANGING. 1184 00:47:58,809 --> 00:48:00,110 CARBON DIOXIDE IS IN THE 1185 00:48:00,110 --> 00:48:02,079 ATMOSPHERE IN LEVELS WE HAVE 1186 00:48:02,079 --> 00:48:02,880 NEVER SEEN BEFORE. 1187 00:48:02,880 --> 00:48:04,381 WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT. 1188 00:48:04,381 --> 00:48:07,117 IT IS A GREENHOUSE GAS. 1189 00:48:07,117 --> 00:48:09,586 NASA HAS AN OBLIGATION TO 1190 00:48:09,586 --> 00:48:13,357 CONTINUE STUDYING THESE. 1191 00:48:13,357 --> 00:48:15,626 WHAT WE DO WHEN WE STUDY THE 1192 00:48:15,626 --> 00:48:19,062 PLANET, IS WE SENSE THE EARTH IN 1193 00:48:19,062 --> 00:48:23,467 EVERY PART OF THE 1194 00:48:23,467 --> 00:48:25,135 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM, AND WE 1195 00:48:25,135 --> 00:48:27,971 SHARE IT FOR FREE. 1196 00:48:27,971 --> 00:48:29,806 WE STUDY THE EARTH, AND AS I 1197 00:48:29,806 --> 00:48:31,441 COMMITTED FROM THE BEGINNING, WE 1198 00:48:31,441 --> 00:48:33,777 ARE STUDYING THE EARTH WITH AS 1199 00:48:33,777 --> 00:48:36,113 STRONG A BUDGET AS WE HAVE SEEN, 1200 00:48:36,113 --> 00:48:37,814 REALLY, IN A VERY LONG TIME 1201 00:48:37,814 --> 00:48:39,683 RIGHT NOW, AND THIS BUDGET 1202 00:48:39,683 --> 00:48:41,184 REQUEST FOR EARTH SCIENCE IS 1203 00:48:41,184 --> 00:48:51,128 VERY STRONG, AS WELL. 1204 00:48:51,128 --> 00:48:51,495 [Applause] 1205 00:48:51,495 --> 00:48:54,197 >> LET'S TALK ABOUT ASTROPHYSICS 1206 00:48:54,197 --> 00:48:55,299 FOR A WHILE. 1207 00:48:55,299 --> 00:48:58,702 TALK ABOUT SOME EXCITING 1208 00:48:58,702 --> 00:48:59,136 DISCOVERIES. 1209 00:48:59,136 --> 00:49:02,205 YOU KNOW, WHAT'S AMAZING IS 1210 00:49:02,205 --> 00:49:04,775 WE'RE LEARNING MORE ABOUT NOT 1211 00:49:04,775 --> 00:49:07,144 JUST OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, NOT JUST 1212 00:49:07,144 --> 00:49:09,813 ABOUT OUR GALAXY, BUT IN FACT 1213 00:49:09,813 --> 00:49:14,384 ABOUT THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE ALL 1214 00:49:14,384 --> 00:49:20,057 THE TIME NOWAA. 1215 00:49:20,057 --> 00:49:25,862 AAA -- THE BEGINNING OF THE 1216 00:49:25,862 --> 00:49:28,532 UNIVERSITY, WHAT WE CALL COSMIC 1217 00:49:28,532 --> 00:49:29,967 DAWN, TO SEE THE FIRST LIGHT 1218 00:49:29,967 --> 00:49:30,867 FROM THE UNIVERSITY. 1219 00:49:30,867 --> 00:49:38,375 LIGHT FROM STARS, FROM GALAXIES, 1220 00:49:38,375 --> 00:49:39,042 TO EVEN ASSESS THE EARLIEST 1221 00:49:39,042 --> 00:49:46,650 BLACK HOLES, AND FRIENDS, WE'RE 1222 00:49:46,650 --> 00:49:50,187 STARTING TO UNDERSTAND PHYSICS, 1223 00:49:50,187 --> 00:49:53,090 ASTROPHYSICS IN A WAY THAT WAS 1224 00:49:53,090 --> 00:49:53,757 PREVIOUSLY ONLY THEORY. 1225 00:49:53,757 --> 00:49:56,960 IN A WAY, WE'RE PROVING OUT THE 1226 00:49:56,960 --> 00:49:59,629 THEORY OF RELATIVITY, EINSTEIN, 1227 00:49:59,629 --> 00:50:01,365 WE'RE SEEING IT FOR THE FIRST 1228 00:50:01,365 --> 00:50:01,665 TIME. 1229 00:50:01,665 --> 00:50:03,900 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THESE 1230 00:50:03,900 --> 00:50:08,071 MISSIONS, WE TALK ABOUT HUBBLE 1231 00:50:08,071 --> 00:50:15,445 AND SHONDRA AND KIBLER, WE KNOW 1232 00:50:15,445 --> 00:50:17,647 THAT IT'S EXPANDING AT AN EVER 1233 00:50:17,647 --> 00:50:19,282 INCREASING RATE, AND IT IS 1234 00:50:19,282 --> 00:50:20,150 ACCELERATING, AND THE QUESTION 1235 00:50:20,150 --> 00:50:21,418 IS WHY. 1236 00:50:21,418 --> 00:50:24,821 AND WE TALK ABOUT THINGS LIKE 1237 00:50:24,821 --> 00:50:26,890 DARK MATTER, WHICH WE NOW KNOW 1238 00:50:26,890 --> 00:50:28,525 IS MOST OF THE MATTER IN THE 1239 00:50:28,525 --> 00:50:29,092 UNIVERSE. 1240 00:50:29,092 --> 00:50:30,527 WE CAN'T INTERACT WITH IT. 1241 00:50:30,527 --> 00:50:32,362 WE CAN'T SEE IT, BUT WE KNOW 1242 00:50:32,362 --> 00:50:37,501 IT'S THERE BECAUSE WE CAN SEE 1243 00:50:37,501 --> 00:50:42,239 ITS GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS. 1244 00:50:42,239 --> 00:50:46,643 THE UNIVERSE IS ACCELERATING 1245 00:50:46,643 --> 00:50:49,046 FASTER AND FASTER AWAY FROM THIS 1246 00:50:49,046 --> 00:50:52,549 POINT, AND SO WE USE WORDS LIKE 1247 00:50:52,549 --> 00:50:55,852 DARK ENERGY IS CAUSING THIS TO 1248 00:50:55,852 --> 00:50:56,386 HAPPEN. 1249 00:50:56,386 --> 00:50:57,521 WELL, IN ORDER TO LEARN MORE 1250 00:50:57,521 --> 00:50:58,588 ABOUT THIS KIND OF ACTIVITY, WE 1251 00:50:58,588 --> 00:51:01,091 NEED TO BE ABLE TO SEE TO THE 1252 00:51:01,091 --> 00:51:02,059 VERY BEGINNINGS. 1253 00:51:02,059 --> 00:51:04,661 WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO SEE THAT 1254 00:51:04,661 --> 00:51:06,763 COSMIC DAWN, THE FIRST LIGHT IN 1255 00:51:06,763 --> 00:51:07,330 THE UNIVERSE. 1256 00:51:07,330 --> 00:51:09,166 AND I WILL TELL YOU, IT HAS BEEN 1257 00:51:09,166 --> 00:51:11,201 A CHALLENGE FOR ME AS YOUR NASA 1258 00:51:11,201 --> 00:51:14,738 ADMINISTRATOR TO GO TO THE HILL 1259 00:51:14,738 --> 00:51:15,806 AND TALK ABOUT THE JAMES WEBB 1260 00:51:15,806 --> 00:51:17,040 SPACE TELESCOPE. 1261 00:51:17,040 --> 00:51:18,308 SOME OF YOU MIGHT HAVE SEEN 1262 00:51:18,308 --> 00:51:19,976 THOSE HEARINGS, AND THEY'RE NOT 1263 00:51:19,976 --> 00:51:20,243 FUN. 1264 00:51:20,243 --> 00:51:24,347 BUT I WILL ALSO TELL YOU THIS: 1265 00:51:24,347 --> 00:51:25,148 THIS ADMINISTRATION IS COMMITTED 1266 00:51:25,148 --> 00:51:27,617 TO THE JAMES WEBB SPACE 1267 00:51:27,617 --> 00:51:30,654 TELESCOPE, AND WE HAVE 1268 00:51:30,654 --> 00:51:32,722 BIPARTISAN SUPPORT FOR THE JAMES 1269 00:51:32,722 --> 00:51:37,227 WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE, AND IT 1270 00:51:37,227 --> 00:51:39,863 IS -- OUR NUMBER ONE AGENDA FOR 1271 00:51:39,863 --> 00:51:41,965 JAMES WEBB IS SUCCESS. 1272 00:51:41,965 --> 00:51:43,300 AT THIS POINT, THIS MISSION IS 1273 00:51:43,300 --> 00:51:44,734 SO IMPORTANT TO THE UNITED 1274 00:51:44,734 --> 00:51:46,503 STATES OF AMERICA, AND HERE'S 1275 00:51:46,503 --> 00:51:48,071 WHY: WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 1276 00:51:48,071 --> 00:51:49,940 ESTABLISHING AMERICA AS THE LEAD 1277 00:51:49,940 --> 00:51:53,643 IN PHYSICS FOR THE NEXT 30 1278 00:51:53,643 --> 00:51:53,944 YEARS. 1279 00:51:53,944 --> 00:51:57,380 WHEN JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE 1280 00:51:57,380 --> 00:51:59,149 IS LAUNCHED AND WE'RE ABLE TO 1281 00:51:59,149 --> 00:52:01,318 SEE COSMIC DAWN THAT ESTABLISHES 1282 00:52:01,318 --> 00:52:03,353 THE UNITED STATES AS THE LEADER 1283 00:52:03,353 --> 00:52:06,056 OF PHYSICS FOR THE NEXT 30 1284 00:52:06,056 --> 00:52:07,958 YEARS, BUT IT GOES BEYOND THAT. 1285 00:52:07,958 --> 00:52:09,326 SURE, WE WANT TO LEAD, BUT WE 1286 00:52:09,326 --> 00:52:10,193 ALSO WANT TO DISCOVER. 1287 00:52:10,193 --> 00:52:12,162 WE HAVE MODELS AND IDEAS ABOUT 1288 00:52:12,162 --> 00:52:15,432 REALLY WHAT THE UNIVERSE LOOKED 1289 00:52:15,432 --> 00:52:16,166 LIKE IN THOSE DAYS, BUT WE'RE 1290 00:52:16,166 --> 00:52:17,901 GOING TO KNOW, AND I CAN TELL 1291 00:52:17,901 --> 00:52:18,635 YOU THIS. 1292 00:52:18,635 --> 00:52:20,904 HERE'S WHAT WE ALREADY NOW, THE 1293 00:52:20,904 --> 00:52:22,939 MODELS -- KNOW, THE MODELS 1294 00:52:22,939 --> 00:52:23,440 AREN'T RIGHT. 1295 00:52:23,440 --> 00:52:24,841 SO THIS IS AN EXCITING TIME. 1296 00:52:24,841 --> 00:52:27,744 THE OTHER THING THAT'S 1297 00:52:27,744 --> 00:52:30,514 IMPORTANT, WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO 1298 00:52:30,514 --> 00:52:32,115 LOOK AT OTHER STARS, AND NOT 1299 00:52:32,115 --> 00:52:33,917 ONLY LOOK AT THOSE STARS BUT 1300 00:52:33,917 --> 00:52:35,318 LOOK AT OTHER PLANETS AROUND 1301 00:52:35,318 --> 00:52:38,088 THOSE STARS AND CHARACTERIZE 1302 00:52:38,088 --> 00:52:40,991 THOSE PLANETS AS TO THEIR 1303 00:52:40,991 --> 00:52:41,424 HABITABILITY. 1304 00:52:41,424 --> 00:52:43,960 COULD THOSE PLANETS BE ABLE TO 1305 00:52:43,960 --> 00:52:44,528 HOST LIFE? 1306 00:52:44,528 --> 00:52:46,530 AND JAMES WEBB IS GOING TO GIVE 1307 00:52:46,530 --> 00:52:48,198 US AN OPPORTUNITY TO LOOK AT THE 1308 00:52:48,198 --> 00:52:50,800 LIGHT AS IT, YOU KNOW, TRANSFERS 1309 00:52:50,800 --> 00:52:53,203 THROUGH THAT ATMOSPHERE. 1310 00:52:53,203 --> 00:52:55,972 CERTAIN PART -- CERTAIN PARTS OF 1311 00:52:55,972 --> 00:52:57,674 THE SPECTRUM ARE NOT GOING TO 1312 00:52:57,674 --> 00:52:58,975 MAKE IT THROUGH, AND WE'RE GOING 1313 00:52:58,975 --> 00:53:01,211 TO BE ABLE TO DETERMINE THE 1314 00:53:01,211 --> 00:53:02,779 ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS AROUND 1315 00:53:02,779 --> 00:53:04,881 OTHER STARS AND MAKE ASSESSMENTS 1316 00:53:04,881 --> 00:53:06,216 TO CHARACTERIZE, IF YOU WILL, 1317 00:53:06,216 --> 00:53:08,585 THE ATMOSPHERES OF THOSE 1318 00:53:08,585 --> 00:53:08,952 PLANETS. 1319 00:53:08,952 --> 00:53:11,388 JAMES WEBB IS GOING TO BE AN 1320 00:53:11,388 --> 00:53:13,957 AMAZING CAPABLITY FOR THE UNITED 1321 00:53:13,957 --> 00:53:19,462 STATES OF AMERICA. 1322 00:53:19,462 --> 00:53:21,431 AS WE'RE ON ASTROPHYSICS, I ALSO 1323 00:53:21,431 --> 00:53:22,799 WANT TO MAKE ONE LAST STATEMENT 1324 00:53:22,799 --> 00:53:24,000 THAT I THINK IS IMPORTANT. 1325 00:53:24,000 --> 00:53:25,969 WE TALKED ABOUT THE GATEWAY AND 1326 00:53:25,969 --> 00:53:27,938 HOW IT'S GOING TO GIVE US ACCESS 1327 00:53:27,938 --> 00:53:34,077 TO THE SURFACE OF THE MOON. 1328 00:53:34,077 --> 00:53:37,647 WE WANT ROBOTS AND LANDERS AND 1329 00:53:37,647 --> 00:53:37,981 ROVERS. 1330 00:53:37,981 --> 00:53:41,184 THE GATEWAY IS NOT JUST ABOUT 1331 00:53:41,184 --> 00:53:42,118 GETTING TO THE MOON, IT'S NOT 1332 00:53:42,118 --> 00:53:45,855 ABOUT STUDYING THE MOON FROM THE 1333 00:53:45,855 --> 00:53:47,190 ORBIT OF THE MOON, IT GIVES US 1334 00:53:47,190 --> 00:53:48,959 AN OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY DEEP 1335 00:53:48,959 --> 00:53:50,627 SPACE FROM A HUMAN TENDED SPACE 1336 00:53:50,627 --> 00:53:53,630 STATION WHICH GIVES US A 1337 00:53:53,630 --> 00:53:55,699 CAPABILITY HERETOFORE WE'VE 1338 00:53:55,699 --> 00:53:56,299 NEVER SEEN. 1339 00:53:56,299 --> 00:53:58,435 ON THE FAR SIDE OF THE MOON, 1340 00:53:58,435 --> 00:54:00,237 IT'S VERY QUIET. 1341 00:54:00,237 --> 00:54:00,503 WHY? 1342 00:54:00,503 --> 00:54:05,375 BECAUSE ALL OF THE 1343 00:54:05,375 --> 00:54:06,409 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WE 1344 00:54:06,409 --> 00:54:08,144 CREATE, IT'S QUIET ON THE FAR 1345 00:54:08,144 --> 00:54:12,148 SIDE OF THE MOON, SO WE CAN 1346 00:54:12,148 --> 00:54:17,821 CREATE THINGS IN THE 1347 00:54:17,821 --> 00:54:19,623 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM THAT WE 1348 00:54:19,623 --> 00:54:21,725 CAN'T CURRENTLY IMAGE DEEP SPACE 1349 00:54:21,725 --> 00:54:22,392 WITH. 1350 00:54:22,392 --> 00:54:25,028 WE CAN DO ASTROPHYSICS FROM THE 1351 00:54:25,028 --> 00:54:27,297 SURFACE OF THE MOON WITH VERY 1352 00:54:27,297 --> 00:54:28,565 THIN WIRE ANTENNAS. 1353 00:54:28,565 --> 00:54:30,033 NOW THAT'S MAYBE NOT IN THIS 1354 00:54:30,033 --> 00:54:31,635 BUDGET REQUEST, BUT THE GATEWAY 1355 00:54:31,635 --> 00:54:34,304 OPENS THE DOOR TO ALL OF THESE 1356 00:54:34,304 --> 00:54:35,739 CAPABLITIES IN THE FUTURE. 1357 00:54:35,739 --> 00:54:38,708 SO IN CLOSING, I WANT EVERYBODY 1358 00:54:38,708 --> 00:54:42,412 TO KNOW THAT NASA'S BUDGET 1359 00:54:42,412 --> 00:54:44,814 REQUEST IS VERY GOOD, AND WE 1360 00:54:44,814 --> 00:54:49,519 HAVE BIPARTISAN SUPPORT , WHICH 1361 00:54:49,519 --> 00:54:51,721 I HAVE BEEN COMMITTED TO FROM 1362 00:54:51,721 --> 00:54:53,456 THE BEGINNING FOR NASA, NOT JUST 1363 00:54:53,456 --> 00:54:56,760 IN THE HOUSE BUT IN THE SENATE, 1364 00:54:56,760 --> 00:54:59,329 AND WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO 1365 00:54:59,329 --> 00:55:01,865 ACCOMPLISH SOMETHING WE'VE NEVER 1366 00:55:01,865 --> 00:55:08,238 BEEN ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH BEFORE 1367 00:55:08,238 --> 00:55:10,473 WITH BIPARTISAN SUPPORT. 1368 00:55:10,473 --> 00:55:11,741 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR US? 1369 00:55:11,741 --> 00:55:14,110 I JUST TALKED ABOUT HELIO 1370 00:55:14,110 --> 00:55:14,944 PHYSICS AND HOW IMPORTANT IT 1371 00:55:14,944 --> 00:55:19,416 IS -- IF WE'RE GOING TO SEND 1372 00:55:19,416 --> 00:55:22,952 ASTRONAUTS TO MARS, HOW 1373 00:55:22,952 --> 00:55:25,889 IMPORTANT IT IS TO THE LIVES OF 1374 00:55:25,889 --> 00:55:29,392 THE ASTRONAUTS? 1375 00:55:29,392 --> 00:55:31,161 HELIO PHYSICS IS A CRITICAL 1376 00:55:31,161 --> 00:55:34,097 PIECE OF OUR MOON TO MARS 1377 00:55:34,097 --> 00:55:34,431 PROGRAM. 1378 00:55:34,431 --> 00:55:35,899 I WAS IN THE HOTEL THIS MORNING, 1379 00:55:35,899 --> 00:55:37,967 AND I WAS TALKING TO A LADY THAT 1380 00:55:37,967 --> 00:55:40,236 HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO VISIT THE 1381 00:55:40,236 --> 00:55:42,472 KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, AND SHE 1382 00:55:42,472 --> 00:55:44,874 SAID ONE OF THE THINGS THAT ARE 1383 00:55:44,874 --> 00:55:47,344 MOST STRIKING -- THAT WAS MOST 1384 00:55:47,344 --> 00:55:50,246 STRIKING TO HER, SHE RAN INTO 1385 00:55:50,246 --> 00:55:51,081 SOMEBODY AT THE KENNEDY SPACE 1386 00:55:51,081 --> 00:55:53,750 CENTER AND ASKED HIM WHAT HE 1387 00:55:53,750 --> 00:55:55,952 DID, AND HE SAID WELL, I'M 1388 00:55:55,952 --> 00:55:57,921 HELPING US GO TO THE MOON AND 1389 00:55:57,921 --> 00:55:58,888 ONTO MARS. 1390 00:55:58,888 --> 00:56:00,490 AND THAT WAS HIS ANSWER. 1391 00:56:00,490 --> 00:56:02,359 AND SHE SAID OKAY, WHAT DO YOU 1392 00:56:02,359 --> 00:56:02,625 DO? 1393 00:56:02,625 --> 00:56:05,128 AND HE SAID I'M A CUSTODIAN. 1394 00:56:05,128 --> 00:56:08,298 FRIENDS, THESE OBJECTIVES ARE AN 1395 00:56:08,298 --> 00:56:13,636 ALL OF NASA APPROACH. 1396 00:56:13,636 --> 00:56:17,474 EVERY SENSOR THAT WE OPERATE IS 1397 00:56:17,474 --> 00:56:19,075 CRITICAL TO THIS MISSION, 1398 00:56:19,075 --> 00:56:22,345 CRITICAL TO ACHIEVING THESE 1399 00:56:22,345 --> 00:56:23,880 GOALS, INCLUDING THE 1400 00:56:23,880 --> 00:56:25,915 DIRECTORATE. 1401 00:56:25,915 --> 00:56:26,649 WE TALK ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE, 1402 00:56:26,649 --> 00:56:29,352 AND IN SOME CASES, 1403 00:56:29,352 --> 00:56:31,321 INFRASTRUCTURE OFTEN BECOMES A 1404 00:56:31,321 --> 00:56:31,721 TARGET. 1405 00:56:31,721 --> 00:56:32,856 BUT FRIENDS WE CAN'T ACCOMPLISH 1406 00:56:32,856 --> 00:56:35,058 ANY OF THIS WITHOUT THE 1407 00:56:35,058 --> 00:56:39,562 INFRASTRUCTURE, AS WELL, SO THE 1408 00:56:39,562 --> 00:56:42,399 DIRECTORATE IS ALSO A CAPABILITY 1409 00:56:42,399 --> 00:56:43,166 FOR OUR SHARED ACHIEVEMENT IN 1410 00:56:43,166 --> 00:56:44,267 HEADING TO THE MOON AND ONTO 1411 00:56:44,267 --> 00:56:44,567 MARS. 1412 00:56:44,567 --> 00:56:48,138 SO I JUST WANT TO SHARE ONE LAST 1413 00:56:48,138 --> 00:56:50,740 THING -- FOR ALL THE PEOPLE 1414 00:56:50,740 --> 00:56:51,374 WATCHING, I SEE SOME T.V. 1415 00:56:51,374 --> 00:56:52,776 CAMERAS AND MAYBE SOME SOCIAL 1416 00:56:52,776 --> 00:56:54,210 MEDIA, I WANT TO ENCOURAGE 1417 00:56:54,210 --> 00:57:04,454 EVERYBODY TO VISIT 1418 00:57:04,454 --> 00:57:04,988 NASA.GOV/MOONTOMARS. 1419 00:57:04,988 --> 00:57:06,956 I WANT YOU TO GO TO THE WEBSITE, 1420 00:57:06,956 --> 00:57:08,658 AND I WANT YOU TO LEARN. 1421 00:57:08,658 --> 00:57:10,627 FOR THE NASA EMPLOYEES HERE, I 1422 00:57:10,627 --> 00:57:13,396 WANT YOU TO LEARN HOW YOU CAN 1423 00:57:13,396 --> 00:57:15,165 COMMUNICATE ALL OF THESE GREAT 1424 00:57:15,165 --> 00:57:18,401 THINGS THAT WE ARE TRYING TO 1425 00:57:18,401 --> 00:57:20,203 ACHIEVE TO THE PUBLIC. 1426 00:57:20,203 --> 00:57:22,172 ENGAGE ON SOCIAL MEDIA. 1427 00:57:22,172 --> 00:57:26,776 I WANT YOU TO ENGAGE ON SOCIAL 1428 00:57:26,776 --> 00:57:27,076 MEDIA. 1429 00:57:27,076 --> 00:57:27,911 IF YOU HAVE TWITTER OR FACEBOOK 1430 00:57:27,911 --> 00:57:29,779 OR TALK TO YOUR FRIENDS, MAKE 1431 00:57:29,779 --> 00:57:32,515 SURE YOU LET THEM KNOW WHAT WE 1432 00:57:32,515 --> 00:57:34,184 ARE DOING AND WHY BECAUSE THIS 1433 00:57:34,184 --> 00:57:37,787 IS TRANSFORMATIONAL, AND IT'S 1434 00:57:37,787 --> 00:57:39,722 ONLY GOING TO HAPPEN IF ALL OF 1435 00:57:39,722 --> 00:57:40,790 AMERICA BUYS IN. 1436 00:57:40,790 --> 00:57:44,661 THE OTHER DAY, I WENT TO THE 1437 00:57:44,661 --> 00:57:47,297 WORLD AG EXPO, AND EVERYBODY WAS 1438 00:57:47,297 --> 00:57:48,765 LIKE WHY IS THE DIRECTOR OF NASA 1439 00:57:48,765 --> 00:57:51,501 GOING TO THE WORLD AG EXPO? 1440 00:57:51,501 --> 00:57:52,735 I'LL TELL YOU WHY. 1441 00:57:52,735 --> 00:57:55,071 BECAUSE WE NEED EVERYBODY TO 1442 00:57:55,071 --> 00:58:02,045 KNOW HOW WE CHANGED THE WORLD 1443 00:58:02,045 --> 00:58:02,445 CONDITION. 1444 00:58:02,445 --> 00:58:04,280 WHO NEEDS THAT? 1445 00:58:04,280 --> 00:58:05,448 FARMERS SOMETIMES NEED THAT. 1446 00:58:05,448 --> 00:58:07,417 WE HAVE AN AGREEMENT WITH THE 1447 00:58:07,417 --> 00:58:08,551 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION OF THE 1448 00:58:08,551 --> 00:58:10,787 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA WHERE 1449 00:58:10,787 --> 00:58:11,421 WE'RE TAKING THAT GREAT 1450 00:58:11,421 --> 00:58:12,255 INFORMATION AND SHARING IT WITH 1451 00:58:12,255 --> 00:58:14,324 THEM TO THE POINT WHERE THEY ARE 1452 00:58:14,324 --> 00:58:16,726 ABLE TO INCREASE CROP YIELDS 1453 00:58:16,726 --> 00:58:19,162 WHILE REDUCING THEIR WATER USAGE 1454 00:58:19,162 --> 00:58:22,699 BY 25% -- AND BY THE WAY, IN THE 1455 00:58:22,699 --> 00:58:24,367 DESERT OF CALIFORNIA, THAT IS A 1456 00:58:24,367 --> 00:58:25,034 BIG DEAL. 1457 00:58:25,034 --> 00:58:25,869 AND AT THE SAME TIME BECAUSE 1458 00:58:25,869 --> 00:58:27,770 THEY'RE NOT WATERING SO MUCH, 1459 00:58:27,770 --> 00:58:31,307 PRESERVING 50% OF THE NITRATES 1460 00:58:31,307 --> 00:58:33,843 THAT NORMALLY WOULD HAVE ERODED 1461 00:58:33,843 --> 00:58:36,746 INTO THE WATER SUPPLY. 1462 00:58:36,746 --> 00:58:37,547 THOSE HELP THE PLANTS GROW, BUT 1463 00:58:37,547 --> 00:58:39,148 WHEN THEY'RE IN THE WATER 1464 00:58:39,148 --> 00:58:40,316 SUPPLY, THEY'RE VERY BAD TO 1465 00:58:40,316 --> 00:58:41,951 HUMANS AND IT COSTS A LOT OF 1466 00:58:41,951 --> 00:58:43,253 MONEY TO GET THEM OUT OF THE 1467 00:58:43,253 --> 00:58:44,587 WATER SUPPLY. 1468 00:58:44,587 --> 00:58:50,159 SO WE'RE INCREASING YIELDS, AND 1469 00:58:50,159 --> 00:58:51,261 THEY'RE IN THE SOIL WHERE THEY 1470 00:58:51,261 --> 00:58:54,497 OUGHT TO BE, AND WE'RE ABLE TO 1471 00:58:54,497 --> 00:58:56,799 ACHIEVE THIS BECAUSE THE SCIENCE 1472 00:58:56,799 --> 00:58:58,401 MISSION DIRECTORATE IS PROVIDING 1473 00:58:58,401 --> 00:59:02,372 THIS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF STATE 1474 00:59:02,372 --> 00:59:05,608 OF CALIFORNIA -- UNIVERSITY OF 1475 00:59:05,608 --> 00:59:08,578 CALIFORNIA ON A SMALL SCALE. 1476 00:59:08,578 --> 00:59:12,315 WE WERE ABLE TO PROVIDE THIS TO 1477 00:59:12,315 --> 00:59:12,649 UGANDA. 1478 00:59:12,649 --> 00:59:14,817 THEY WERE ABLE TO USE NASA 1479 00:59:14,817 --> 00:59:16,719 TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT A DROUGHT 1480 00:59:16,719 --> 00:59:22,158 THAT WAS ON THE WHO ARE SIGH -- 1481 00:59:22,158 --> 00:59:22,492 HORIZON. 1482 00:59:22,492 --> 00:59:24,127 BECAUSE OF THAT, INSTEAD OF 1483 00:59:24,127 --> 00:59:26,195 SPENDING TENS OF MILLIONS OF 1484 00:59:26,195 --> 00:59:28,264 DOLLARS DOING DISASTER RELIEF, 1485 00:59:28,264 --> 00:59:30,333 WE SPENT A COUPLE OF MILLION 1486 00:59:30,333 --> 00:59:31,834 MITIGATING THE DISASTER BEFORE 1487 00:59:31,834 --> 00:59:33,870 IT HAPPENED, SAVING LIVES, 1488 00:59:33,870 --> 00:59:34,637 SAVING MONEY. 1489 00:59:34,637 --> 00:59:37,006 BUT FRIENDS, IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT 1490 00:59:37,006 --> 00:59:39,842 CROPS, ALTHOUGH CROPS ARE A 1491 00:59:39,842 --> 00:59:40,910 CRITICAL PIECE. 1492 00:59:40,910 --> 00:59:43,880 THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE, DISH 1493 00:59:43,880 --> 00:59:46,883 NETWORK, INTERNET BROAD BAND 1494 00:59:46,883 --> 00:59:49,886 FROM SPACE, SATELLITE RADIO, 1495 00:59:49,886 --> 00:59:51,821 COMMUNICATIONS BORN FROM THIS 1496 00:59:51,821 --> 00:59:54,457 LITTLE AGENCY WE CALL NASA, 1497 00:59:54,457 --> 00:59:55,325 SPACE-BASED COMMUNICATIONS. 1498 00:59:55,325 --> 00:59:58,328 WE TALK ABOUT HOW WE NAVIGATE 1499 00:59:58,328 --> 01:00:02,665 WITH GPS, HOW WE PRODUCE FOOD, 1500 01:00:02,665 --> 01:00:04,567 ENERGY, GEOCARBON AND OTHER 1501 01:00:04,567 --> 01:00:07,070 EARTH SCIENCE EMISSIONS, MAKING 1502 01:00:07,070 --> 01:00:08,438 SURE THAT AS WE PRODUCE ENERGY, 1503 01:00:08,438 --> 01:00:10,206 WE'RE NOT POLLUTING THE 1504 01:00:10,206 --> 01:00:10,607 ATMOSPHERE. 1505 01:00:10,607 --> 01:00:13,242 BY THE WAY, THE ENERGY COMPANIES 1506 01:00:13,242 --> 01:00:14,410 LOVE THAT BECAUSE THEN, THEY 1507 01:00:14,410 --> 01:00:16,346 DON'T GET FINED, WHICH IS A GOOD 1508 01:00:16,346 --> 01:00:16,913 THING. 1509 01:00:16,913 --> 01:00:20,016 THE WAY WE DO WEATHER 1510 01:00:20,016 --> 01:00:20,950 PREDICTIONS AND UNDERSTAND THE 1511 01:00:20,950 --> 01:00:25,221 CLIMATE, THE WAY WE DO DISASTER 1512 01:00:25,221 --> 01:00:26,289 RELIEF AND NATIONAL SECURITY, 1513 01:00:26,289 --> 01:00:29,125 THE WAY WE DO BANKING -- ALL OF 1514 01:00:29,125 --> 01:00:32,528 THE BANKING TRANSACTIONS IN THE 1515 01:00:32,528 --> 01:00:33,229 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ARE 1516 01:00:33,229 --> 01:00:37,033 DEPENDENT ON A TIMING SIGNAL 1517 01:00:37,033 --> 01:00:38,401 FROM GPS. 1518 01:00:38,401 --> 01:00:40,903 THE WAY WE REGULATE FLOWS OF 1519 01:00:40,903 --> 01:00:43,406 ELECTRICITY ON THE POWER GRID, 1520 01:00:43,406 --> 01:00:45,875 DEPENDENT ON A TIMING SIGNAL 1521 01:00:45,875 --> 01:00:47,076 FROM GPS. 1522 01:00:47,076 --> 01:00:51,080 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT HOW WE HAVE 1523 01:00:51,080 --> 01:00:52,849 ELEVATED THE HUMAN CONDITION, 1524 01:00:52,849 --> 01:00:54,817 THIS LITTLE AGENCY THAT 1525 01:00:54,817 --> 01:00:57,787 CONSTITUTES ONE HALF -- LESS 1526 01:00:57,787 --> 01:00:59,555 THAN ONE HALF OF ONE PERCENT OF 1527 01:00:59,555 --> 01:01:03,226 THE FEDERAL BUDGET, THIS LITTLE 1528 01:01:03,226 --> 01:01:03,960 AGENCY HAS ELEVATED THE HUMAN 1529 01:01:03,960 --> 01:01:04,727 CONDITION IN WAYS THAT MOST 1530 01:01:04,727 --> 01:01:05,662 PEOPLE DON'T EVEN KNOW. 1531 01:01:05,662 --> 01:01:07,430 IT'S ON US TO LET THEM KNOW. 1532 01:01:07,430 --> 01:01:20,977 IT'S ON US AS THE NASA 1533 01:01:20,977 --> 01:01:22,145 EMPLOYEES, THE NASA CONTRACTORS, 1534 01:01:22,145 --> 01:01:22,845 AS WELL, TO LET THEM KNOW NOT 1535 01:01:22,845 --> 01:01:23,579 JUST FOR THE UNITED STATES BUT 1536 01:01:23,579 --> 01:01:24,147 FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD. 1537 01:01:24,147 --> 01:01:24,914 THIS IS AN AMAZING AGENCY, AND 1538 01:01:24,914 --> 01:01:27,950 I'VE GOT TO TELL YOU, I AM 1539 01:01:27,950 --> 01:01:30,953 OVERWHELMINGLY HUMBLED WHEN I 1540 01:01:30,953 --> 01:01:32,321 GET UP EVERY DAY AND I HAVE THE 1541 01:01:32,321 --> 01:01:35,091 OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT WITH THE 1542 01:01:35,091 --> 01:01:37,093 AMAZINGLY TALENTED PEOPLE THAT 1543 01:01:37,093 --> 01:01:37,794 WORK HERE. 1544 01:01:37,794 --> 01:01:38,895 KNOW THIS. 1545 01:01:38,895 --> 01:01:41,364 NASA IS GOING TO GET A HEALTHY 1546 01:01:41,364 --> 01:01:41,898 BUDGET. 1547 01:01:41,898 --> 01:01:43,833 THE ADMINISTRATION IS SUPPORTING 1548 01:01:43,833 --> 01:01:44,233 IT. 1549 01:01:44,233 --> 01:01:46,202 WE'VE GOT BIPARTISAN SUPPORT IN 1550 01:01:46,202 --> 01:01:47,770 THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE. 1551 01:01:47,770 --> 01:01:50,807 WHAT WE'VE GOT TO DO IS MAKE 1552 01:01:50,807 --> 01:01:53,209 SURE WE COMMUNICATE IT TO THE 1553 01:01:53,209 --> 01:01:54,711 WORLD. 1554 01:01:54,711 --> 01:02:03,953 AGAIN, NASA.GOV/MOONTOMARS. 1555 01:02:03,953 --> 01:02:04,721 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 1556 01:02:04,721 --> 01:02:06,789 IT'S GREAT BEING HERE AT THE 1557 01:02:06,789 --> 01:02:07,356 KENNEDY SPACE CENTER. 1558 01:02:07,356 --> 01:02:07,757 [Applause]