1 00:00:04,337 --> 00:00:06,706 Hello, and welcome to NASA's media 2 00:00:06,706 --> 00:00:10,143 briefing on the Quick Look report released today 3 00:00:10,744 --> 00:00:13,880 from the fifth Planetary Defense Inter-Agency Tabletop 4 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:17,150 Exercise, which was held April 2nd and third, 5 00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:21,621 2024 at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. 6 00:00:22,255 --> 00:00:24,290 My name is Charles Blue, and I'm media 7 00:00:24,290 --> 00:00:27,293 specialist with NASA's Planetary Science Division 8 00:00:27,494 --> 00:00:30,497 and the moderator for today's event. 9 00:00:30,497 --> 00:00:33,500 NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office 10 00:00:33,967 --> 00:00:36,736 in partnership with FEMA's Response Directorate 11 00:00:36,736 --> 00:00:38,938 and with the assistance of the US 12 00:00:38,938 --> 00:00:41,941 Department of State Office of Space Affairs, 13 00:00:42,008 --> 00:00:46,012 convened this exercise to inform and assess our ability as 14 00:00:46,012 --> 00:00:50,050 a nation to respond effectively to potentially hazardous 15 00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:53,053 asteroids and other near-Earth objects. 16 00:00:53,820 --> 00:00:57,257 While there are no known significant impact threats 17 00:00:57,257 --> 00:01:00,927 for the foreseeable future, exercises like this one 18 00:01:01,361 --> 00:01:04,564 provide valuable insights on how the United States 19 00:01:04,731 --> 00:01:05,598 could respond 20 00:01:05,598 --> 00:01:09,369 if a potential asteroid impact threat were identified. 21 00:01:10,637 --> 00:01:11,971 Today, we will 22 00:01:11,971 --> 00:01:15,408 review the Quick Look report from this exercise, 23 00:01:15,875 --> 00:01:21,848 which is available for download at nasa.gov/reports. 24 00:01:22,715 --> 00:01:25,218 The news release is at NASA gov. 25 00:01:25,218 --> 00:01:27,921 Forward slash news 26 00:01:27,921 --> 00:01:30,924 for media dialed in to the dedicated phone line. 27 00:01:31,057 --> 00:01:34,060 We will take questions after a brief presentation 28 00:01:34,160 --> 00:01:36,496 to get in the queue to ask a question. 29 00:01:36,496 --> 00:01:39,499 Press star one at any time. 30 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:42,869 If members of the media are watching on YouTube, 31 00:01:42,869 --> 00:01:44,537 you may experience a slight 32 00:01:44,537 --> 00:01:47,540 delay compared with the audio only phone line. 33 00:01:48,708 --> 00:01:50,977 Today we have three experts 34 00:01:50,977 --> 00:01:53,980 who are part of the tabletop exercise in April. 35 00:01:54,347 --> 00:01:56,416 Let me introduce them now. 36 00:01:56,416 --> 00:01:59,686 First, we have Lindley Johnson, NASA's planetary 37 00:01:59,686 --> 00:02:02,956 defense officer emeritus from NASA headquarters. 38 00:02:03,756 --> 00:02:08,294 Next, we have Leviticus “LA” Lewis, who is FEMA's detail 39 00:02:08,761 --> 00:02:09,329 to NASA's 40 00:02:09,329 --> 00:02:12,765 Planetary Defense Coordination Office at NASA headquarters. 41 00:02:13,399 --> 00:02:16,536 And finally, we have Terik Daly, planetary defense 42 00:02:16,536 --> 00:02:20,240 scientist at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. 43 00:02:21,174 --> 00:02:22,876 Thank you all for being here today. 44 00:02:23,943 --> 00:02:26,779 Starting in this office, Lindley will give us an overview 45 00:02:26,779 --> 00:02:29,782 of NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office 46 00:02:29,816 --> 00:02:32,719 and how the asteroids simulation exercise folds 47 00:02:32,719 --> 00:02:35,855 into NASA's larger planetary defense objectives. 48 00:02:36,322 --> 00:02:38,324 Lindley. 49 00:02:38,324 --> 00:02:39,826 Yes. Thank you. Charles. 50 00:02:39,826 --> 00:02:44,097 Just to kind of put this exercise in context 51 00:02:44,097 --> 00:02:47,100 of everything that we do in the planetary defense, 52 00:02:47,567 --> 00:02:49,335 program at NASA. 53 00:02:49,335 --> 00:02:54,641 I bring up this, first chart, we call it our sector chart. 54 00:02:55,208 --> 00:02:59,179 what it shows are the various categories, 55 00:02:59,179 --> 00:03:02,182 areas of effort, that we have, 56 00:03:02,215 --> 00:03:04,817 projects, 57 00:03:04,817 --> 00:03:06,386 both within, NASA, 58 00:03:06,386 --> 00:03:09,389 centers and, with our partners, 59 00:03:09,522 --> 00:03:12,725 to perform these, critical functions that are part 60 00:03:12,725 --> 00:03:14,861 of the planetary defense. 61 00:03:14,861 --> 00:03:17,096 first of all, starting up in the upper right, 62 00:03:17,096 --> 00:03:18,731 we have to find them. 63 00:03:18,731 --> 00:03:21,868 We've got to discover what's out there, 64 00:03:22,602 --> 00:03:25,772 determine the orbits, and then, determine 65 00:03:25,772 --> 00:03:29,576 whether they represent an impact hazard to the Earth over time. 66 00:03:30,777 --> 00:03:32,946 then we have efforts that are, 67 00:03:32,946 --> 00:03:36,516 examining these, near Earth asteroids and comets. 68 00:03:36,716 --> 00:03:40,053 and closer, more detail. 69 00:03:40,053 --> 00:03:42,989 So we understand their physical nature, 70 00:03:42,989 --> 00:03:45,992 so that we would know more about what we're dealing with. 71 00:03:46,259 --> 00:03:50,230 should we find one that's on par with the Earth, 72 00:03:51,197 --> 00:03:54,167 then down at the bottom, is an area that, 73 00:03:55,902 --> 00:04:00,106 isn't, a lot of funding that goes to it, but a lot of, 74 00:04:00,173 --> 00:04:01,074 work 75 00:04:01,074 --> 00:04:04,611 effort goes here and planning and coordinating both across, 76 00:04:05,044 --> 00:04:08,848 the US, interagency and with our international partners 77 00:04:09,349 --> 00:04:13,052 as to what would our response be if we were to find an impact 78 00:04:13,052 --> 00:04:14,120 threat? 79 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:16,656 And, this exercise actually, 80 00:04:16,656 --> 00:04:19,659 allows us to, 81 00:04:20,326 --> 00:04:23,796 exercise, some of those, processes 82 00:04:23,796 --> 00:04:26,833 and capabilities, that, we would 83 00:04:27,867 --> 00:04:29,902 implement, 84 00:04:29,902 --> 00:04:32,905 if an impact threat, were discovered 85 00:04:32,905 --> 00:04:36,709 than on the, lower left, mitigate, 86 00:04:36,976 --> 00:04:39,779 these are an area that we do, 87 00:04:39,779 --> 00:04:42,782 testing and, technology development, 88 00:04:43,182 --> 00:04:46,486 to develop, techniques and capabilities 89 00:04:46,486 --> 00:04:49,489 that can be used to deflect an asteroid in space. 90 00:04:49,889 --> 00:04:52,692 recent asteroid redirection test, 91 00:04:52,692 --> 00:04:56,562 was the first demonstration of such capabilities. 92 00:04:57,163 --> 00:05:00,767 but also here, is an area that we work with, 93 00:05:00,767 --> 00:05:03,236 the emergency response community, 94 00:05:03,236 --> 00:05:05,638 so that they are adequately prepared. 95 00:05:05,638 --> 00:05:09,108 if a, impact, should, should occur. 96 00:05:09,909 --> 00:05:12,745 And then finally, we have to be able to assess 97 00:05:12,745 --> 00:05:15,815 our, progress and success, 98 00:05:16,316 --> 00:05:18,985 across these various areas, 99 00:05:18,985 --> 00:05:21,721 to make sure we're doing the best we can, 100 00:05:21,721 --> 00:05:26,626 to, deal with this, potential, natural disaster. 101 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:29,896 and with that, let me turn it over to, 102 00:05:29,896 --> 00:05:33,032 Le Lewis to, talk about our efforts. 103 00:05:33,666 --> 00:05:37,303 here with this, exercise, the history of our, 104 00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:39,906 tabletop exercises and the involvement 105 00:05:39,906 --> 00:05:42,909 across the interagency in this one. 106 00:05:44,911 --> 00:05:46,479 Good afternoon. 107 00:05:46,479 --> 00:05:47,046 Thanks, Lily. 108 00:05:47,046 --> 00:05:50,049 Next slide please. 109 00:05:50,516 --> 00:05:53,353 So, FEMA's mission is to help people 110 00:05:53,353 --> 00:05:55,855 before, during, and after disasters. 111 00:05:55,855 --> 00:05:58,024 We work across the country every day 112 00:05:58,024 --> 00:06:00,993 to help people prepare and communities understand. 113 00:06:00,993 --> 00:06:03,129 Prepare for risk. 114 00:06:03,129 --> 00:06:04,997 On this slide, what we're talking about 115 00:06:04,997 --> 00:06:06,299 has a specific role 116 00:06:06,299 --> 00:06:08,835 within the Planetary Defense Coordination Office 117 00:06:08,835 --> 00:06:11,804 and why I'm assigned it and Cross-agency 118 00:06:11,804 --> 00:06:14,807 in collaboration on initiatives like the 119 00:06:15,341 --> 00:06:17,977 are crucial. So we begin our core 120 00:06:17,977 --> 00:06:22,248 coordination with NASA officially in 2010. 121 00:06:22,648 --> 00:06:23,583 But since you can see 122 00:06:23,583 --> 00:06:27,286 on the chart since 2013, we've had a series of exercises 123 00:06:27,687 --> 00:06:31,124 that have increased from our level of education, 124 00:06:31,557 --> 00:06:35,628 disaster management leadership to educating state local 125 00:06:35,962 --> 00:06:39,832 and state, federal, state and local interagency partners. 126 00:06:40,366 --> 00:06:43,703 And to the next five, we added an international component 127 00:06:44,070 --> 00:06:47,874 to make sure that each, level of exercise 128 00:06:47,874 --> 00:06:49,575 increased in difficulty, 129 00:06:49,575 --> 00:06:53,379 and they concentrated on different things such as the not 130 00:06:53,379 --> 00:06:54,213 the amount of time 131 00:06:54,213 --> 00:06:57,150 it takes to warn for an asteroid impact, 132 00:06:57,150 --> 00:06:57,617 and what the 133 00:06:57,617 --> 00:06:58,618 different challenges 134 00:06:58,618 --> 00:07:02,054 are going to be a current each level of government. 135 00:07:02,722 --> 00:07:03,623 Next slide please. 136 00:07:05,291 --> 00:07:06,259 So in Tabletop 137 00:07:06,259 --> 00:07:09,228 exercise number five and context tabletop 138 00:07:09,228 --> 00:07:12,465 exercise for for comparison that was held in 2022. 139 00:07:12,465 --> 00:07:13,499 It's repeated. 140 00:07:13,499 --> 00:07:16,002 We concentrated on a short warning period. 141 00:07:16,002 --> 00:07:17,236 It was six months. 142 00:07:17,236 --> 00:07:19,505 We concentrate on what our actions would be. 143 00:07:19,505 --> 00:07:20,807 An interagency 144 00:07:20,807 --> 00:07:23,743 between the federal, state and local government 145 00:07:23,743 --> 00:07:24,877 and how they respond. 146 00:07:24,877 --> 00:07:26,412 And then that exercise, 147 00:07:26,412 --> 00:07:29,882 we had participation of a municipality here 148 00:07:29,882 --> 00:07:33,152 in the United States, along with their local officials. 149 00:07:33,152 --> 00:07:33,619 We did it. 150 00:07:33,619 --> 00:07:36,923 The, the no internet. 151 00:07:36,956 --> 00:07:39,025 We have a virtual connection with them as we ran 152 00:07:39,025 --> 00:07:42,128 an exercise here at APL and John Hopkins, 153 00:07:42,128 --> 00:07:44,730 but also connected with the local authorities, 154 00:07:44,730 --> 00:07:47,733 both at the state and local level, which included 155 00:07:48,401 --> 00:07:51,771 all levels, businesses, emergency management personnel, 156 00:07:52,038 --> 00:07:55,274 medical personnel and then tabletop exercise five. 157 00:07:55,541 --> 00:07:56,242 We had this 158 00:07:56,242 --> 00:07:59,545 basically same place, concentrating more on federal 159 00:07:59,545 --> 00:08:02,982 and international partners with a very long lead time. 160 00:08:02,982 --> 00:08:04,750 So there were great differences 161 00:08:04,750 --> 00:08:06,219 between what we had and six months. 162 00:08:06,219 --> 00:08:09,355 One period we would have had in a multi year waiting period. 163 00:08:10,523 --> 00:08:12,492 Next slide please. 164 00:08:12,492 --> 00:08:15,495 Again emphasizing the collaborative 165 00:08:16,395 --> 00:08:19,398 efforts and these kind of scenarios. 166 00:08:19,832 --> 00:08:22,335 The disaster management emergency response 167 00:08:22,335 --> 00:08:23,703 is a team sport. 168 00:08:23,703 --> 00:08:27,139 So as you can see on a chart we had participants 169 00:08:27,273 --> 00:08:29,141 from all levels of government 170 00:08:29,141 --> 00:08:32,144 all throughout the entire agency, including academia, 171 00:08:32,378 --> 00:08:35,982 also international organizations and other space agencies. 172 00:08:36,349 --> 00:08:38,217 And this is very important 173 00:08:38,217 --> 00:08:40,186 because as we work through these problems, 174 00:08:40,186 --> 00:08:42,889 we know it's going to take an international effort 175 00:08:42,889 --> 00:08:44,223 and we concentrate 176 00:08:44,223 --> 00:08:47,226 on making sure that everybody's familiar with the plans, 177 00:08:47,293 --> 00:08:48,628 you know, with each other familiar 178 00:08:48,628 --> 00:08:51,831 with this type of extreme but very rare scenario 179 00:08:52,164 --> 00:08:55,735 so that we can work, as a team when the time comes. 180 00:08:56,802 --> 00:08:57,737 Next slide please. 181 00:08:57,737 --> 00:09:00,740 Over to you, Lily. 182 00:09:00,773 --> 00:09:02,141 Okay. Thanks, Ella. 183 00:09:02,141 --> 00:09:05,978 as, you said, it, takes a lot of effort, 184 00:09:06,379 --> 00:09:09,382 across, agencies, to, 185 00:09:09,448 --> 00:09:14,620 have an adequate response to, this type of, of hazard, 186 00:09:15,054 --> 00:09:19,559 and the team that, put together this scenario, for 187 00:09:19,559 --> 00:09:23,896 this exercise was also across, several, NASA centers, 188 00:09:24,497 --> 00:09:26,999 institutions 189 00:09:26,999 --> 00:09:30,136 that we work with and, and the agencies, 190 00:09:31,203 --> 00:09:31,938 both, 191 00:09:31,938 --> 00:09:34,974 here in the United States and, internationally. 192 00:09:35,808 --> 00:09:39,145 and so this, chart shows the major, 193 00:09:40,713 --> 00:09:42,315 players, or 194 00:09:42,315 --> 00:09:46,919 the major, team scenario, participants, 195 00:09:46,919 --> 00:09:51,457 that set up this exercise that, we put the, interagency, 196 00:09:52,325 --> 00:09:54,493 through this time. 197 00:09:54,493 --> 00:09:57,229 next slide. 198 00:09:57,229 --> 00:09:59,231 so here was a scenario, 199 00:09:59,231 --> 00:10:02,034 that was created for this exercise. 200 00:10:02,034 --> 00:10:05,204 As Ella said, it was a longer warning, 201 00:10:05,204 --> 00:10:10,276 exercise, that, is actually the most likely scenario, 202 00:10:10,343 --> 00:10:14,180 that we would, face, if we're successful and 203 00:10:14,614 --> 00:10:19,085 and doing our search, for the, initial, population 204 00:10:19,085 --> 00:10:22,355 that we will know, years, even decades in advance, 205 00:10:22,955 --> 00:10:27,393 of a potential impact threat and therefore have the necessary 206 00:10:27,393 --> 00:10:30,396 time to, to be able to, prepare for it. 207 00:10:30,963 --> 00:10:35,868 however, even if, the, 208 00:10:35,868 --> 00:10:40,072 warning time is, several years to a decade in advance or, 209 00:10:40,172 --> 00:10:43,376 things that, need to be immediately done, 210 00:10:43,909 --> 00:10:46,278 once a impact for it, is, 211 00:10:47,246 --> 00:10:48,781 is detected. 212 00:10:48,781 --> 00:10:52,518 now this, graphic here in the middle, it shows what, 213 00:10:52,518 --> 00:10:57,089 at the time, of, the exercise, in this, scenario, 214 00:10:57,657 --> 00:11:00,793 where the risk corridor was across the Earth's surface, 215 00:11:00,926 --> 00:11:05,598 where this, hypothetical asteroid, could impact. 216 00:11:05,598 --> 00:11:06,666 No, it, 217 00:11:06,666 --> 00:11:09,769 when the time comes, if it hasn't 218 00:11:09,769 --> 00:11:13,239 been successfully deflected, it will only impact, one point, 219 00:11:13,706 --> 00:11:16,175 along this, risk corridor. 220 00:11:16,175 --> 00:11:20,212 But at the time, 14 years, there are still uncertainties 221 00:11:20,212 --> 00:11:21,347 in the orbit. 222 00:11:21,347 --> 00:11:23,849 And, this shows, 223 00:11:23,849 --> 00:11:27,486 the areas that could be at risk to this impact. 224 00:11:28,020 --> 00:11:29,655 now, when you look at the 225 00:11:29,655 --> 00:11:33,259 quick, quick look report, you'll see more detail 226 00:11:33,759 --> 00:11:37,163 about this risk corridor and, and see that there are, 227 00:11:37,730 --> 00:11:40,366 some major metropolitan areas that lie 228 00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:43,803 along, this risk corridor track, that, 229 00:11:44,804 --> 00:11:47,807 would be of concern, if, 230 00:11:48,140 --> 00:11:52,044 as the orbit uncertainties are reduced and narrowed down to 231 00:11:52,144 --> 00:11:55,681 a point, would certainly, want to be protected. 232 00:11:56,515 --> 00:12:00,419 also, at, this time there are uncertainties 233 00:12:00,419 --> 00:12:03,556 about how much of the population could be affected. 234 00:12:03,556 --> 00:12:06,726 Now it's only a 72% chance that it could impact the Earth. 235 00:12:06,726 --> 00:12:09,095 It may, actually, 236 00:12:09,095 --> 00:12:12,665 slide past, slide past us and not be an impact. 237 00:12:12,665 --> 00:12:18,003 Oh, so there's, you know, chance that, 238 00:12:18,003 --> 00:12:23,476 there will be no, affected population, by such an impact. 239 00:12:23,542 --> 00:12:26,545 But there also are not insignificant, 240 00:12:26,846 --> 00:12:29,448 possibility these, the significant number of, 241 00:12:29,448 --> 00:12:32,918 population centers, could be affected. 242 00:12:33,385 --> 00:12:35,154 And how much they're affected is dependent 243 00:12:35,154 --> 00:12:37,456 upon the size of the asteroid. 244 00:12:37,456 --> 00:12:40,092 And at this time, just after discovery, 245 00:12:40,092 --> 00:12:44,029 there are still, uncertainty is, in, the size 246 00:12:44,597 --> 00:12:47,867 of the object, ranging anywhere from 60m 247 00:12:47,867 --> 00:12:50,870 in size up to 800m in size. 248 00:12:50,903 --> 00:12:53,072 Now, a 60 meter asteroid, 249 00:12:53,072 --> 00:12:56,075 impacting somewhere in the middle of the ocean. 250 00:12:56,108 --> 00:12:57,309 It would not be, 251 00:12:58,611 --> 00:12:59,678 that much of a problem. 252 00:12:59,678 --> 00:13:01,013 But if it were to impact on 253 00:13:01,013 --> 00:13:04,316 land, particularly near a metropolitan area, 254 00:13:04,850 --> 00:13:09,054 could be, a serious situation. 255 00:13:09,522 --> 00:13:14,026 so one of the things were, demonstrated in practicing here 256 00:13:14,026 --> 00:13:17,296 is, how do we make decisions about what to do, 257 00:13:17,863 --> 00:13:20,332 given, the, 258 00:13:20,332 --> 00:13:23,402 still existing certainties 259 00:13:23,402 --> 00:13:26,539 until we know more about the asteroid. 260 00:13:27,139 --> 00:13:30,142 So, the next slide, so, 261 00:13:30,509 --> 00:13:35,014 as the, exercise, participants progressed, 262 00:13:35,748 --> 00:13:39,051 they were developed, courses of action that would be, 263 00:13:39,952 --> 00:13:42,254 presented to the leadership team. 264 00:13:42,254 --> 00:13:45,658 And these are the three, courses of action 265 00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:48,661 that were selected to be presented, 266 00:13:48,661 --> 00:13:51,664 since, 267 00:13:51,797 --> 00:13:54,733 the asteroid, at the time of this exercise, 268 00:13:54,733 --> 00:13:56,068 was going to, 269 00:13:56,068 --> 00:13:59,305 go on to the other side of the sun and not be observable, 270 00:13:59,805 --> 00:14:00,639 from the Earth. 271 00:14:02,541 --> 00:14:03,742 it was going to be several months 272 00:14:03,742 --> 00:14:05,544 before we were to get to more data. 273 00:14:05,544 --> 00:14:06,779 So of course, 274 00:14:06,779 --> 00:14:09,348 one of the options is, you know, wait 275 00:14:09,348 --> 00:14:11,417 until it could be observed again. 276 00:14:11,417 --> 00:14:13,485 more data can be taken, 277 00:14:13,485 --> 00:14:16,488 on the asteroids position and some uncertainties, 278 00:14:16,889 --> 00:14:20,926 in its orbit could be, reduced or eliminated. 279 00:14:22,328 --> 00:14:25,998 so, we could wait, for that period of time. 280 00:14:26,599 --> 00:14:31,170 and know more about what the probabilities are after, 281 00:14:31,170 --> 00:14:34,506 that period of, inaccessibility for observing it. 282 00:14:35,241 --> 00:14:39,578 but, say that after, that, 283 00:14:40,613 --> 00:14:42,648 it's confirmed that the asteroid 284 00:14:42,648 --> 00:14:45,651 is on an impact trajectory, with the Earth. 285 00:14:45,918 --> 00:14:48,153 so, this is a period 286 00:14:48,153 --> 00:14:51,156 of several months that we could at least be initiating, 287 00:14:51,323 --> 00:14:55,728 the activities that would give us, more information 288 00:14:55,728 --> 00:14:59,899 and the kind of, information we need to know how, 289 00:14:59,999 --> 00:15:02,935 to mitigate the asteroid its size. 290 00:15:02,935 --> 00:15:05,037 something about its composition. 291 00:15:05,037 --> 00:15:07,873 what its, trajectory is going to be. 292 00:15:07,873 --> 00:15:11,610 So starting development of a reconnaissance, 293 00:15:11,610 --> 00:15:12,978 of the asteroid is 294 00:15:12,978 --> 00:15:15,981 one of the first things that you'd, want to do, 295 00:15:16,248 --> 00:15:19,218 when, you know, you have an impact for getting, 296 00:15:19,285 --> 00:15:22,855 a spacecraft out to it as rapidly as possible, 297 00:15:23,422 --> 00:15:25,424 to give us that more, 298 00:15:25,424 --> 00:15:28,160 detailed information and reduce the uncertainty. 299 00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:31,830 So doing a flyby, mission of the asteroid, 300 00:15:32,231 --> 00:15:35,234 to get good information about its actual size, 301 00:15:35,567 --> 00:15:38,938 and composition, is another course of action 302 00:15:38,938 --> 00:15:41,941 that, could be, immediately started. 303 00:15:42,174 --> 00:15:43,976 now, there are limitations. 304 00:15:43,976 --> 00:15:46,979 And what our flyby, mission, can give you, 305 00:15:47,246 --> 00:15:49,848 a really detailed, 306 00:15:52,184 --> 00:15:53,519 description of the asteroid 307 00:15:53,519 --> 00:15:54,853 could only be attained 308 00:15:54,853 --> 00:15:56,989 by spacecraft that actually rendezvous 309 00:15:56,989 --> 00:15:59,959 with it and observes it, over a period of time. 310 00:16:00,192 --> 00:16:02,895 And so a third option, although it takes longer 311 00:16:02,895 --> 00:16:05,898 to develop, and, 312 00:16:07,366 --> 00:16:09,969 orbit, get it in a horrible position 313 00:16:09,969 --> 00:16:12,972 with the asteroid, also takes longer. 314 00:16:13,238 --> 00:16:16,909 but that is another course of action taken. 315 00:16:17,609 --> 00:16:20,779 either, independently 316 00:16:20,779 --> 00:16:23,782 or in parallel with, with, some of these others, 317 00:16:25,217 --> 00:16:27,987 so that's, the 318 00:16:27,987 --> 00:16:32,558 how the scenario, played out, with, the participants. 319 00:16:32,558 --> 00:16:36,061 And now I'm going to turn it over to, Tarik to talk to us 320 00:16:36,061 --> 00:16:39,498 about how the exercise was, organized and set up 321 00:16:40,099 --> 00:16:43,102 and carried out, by the, 322 00:16:43,102 --> 00:16:46,105 team there at, APL. 323 00:16:47,272 --> 00:16:48,407 Thank you so much, Stanley. 324 00:16:48,407 --> 00:16:51,076 I'm happy to talk about this exercise. 325 00:16:51,076 --> 00:16:53,779 If I bring up the next chart, please, to get started. 326 00:16:53,779 --> 00:16:56,281 So you've heard now a lot about this scenario 327 00:16:56,281 --> 00:16:57,649 that, Lindley spoke 328 00:16:57,649 --> 00:17:01,053 about in the context of these exercises overall. 329 00:17:01,053 --> 00:17:04,990 And le this specific exercise had four objectives. 330 00:17:05,357 --> 00:17:09,094 And the first was to raise awareness in the interagency, 331 00:17:09,094 --> 00:17:10,763 but also internationally 332 00:17:10,763 --> 00:17:13,599 about the hazards posed by asteroids and comets 333 00:17:13,599 --> 00:17:16,602 and some of the complexities associated with responding 334 00:17:16,602 --> 00:17:18,604 or preparing to respond to that kind of threat. 335 00:17:19,605 --> 00:17:19,938 But we're 336 00:17:19,938 --> 00:17:23,976 also looking at collaborative international space response. 337 00:17:23,976 --> 00:17:26,045 So how would international partners 338 00:17:26,045 --> 00:17:27,546 come together to make space 339 00:17:27,546 --> 00:17:30,549 missions happen in response to this type of asteroid threat? 340 00:17:31,316 --> 00:17:33,619 Disaster preparedness was absolutely 341 00:17:33,619 --> 00:17:35,687 a component of this exercise, 342 00:17:35,687 --> 00:17:38,290 as was information sharing and public messaging, 343 00:17:38,290 --> 00:17:40,359 because ultimately, this type of threat 344 00:17:40,359 --> 00:17:43,862 will have to bring together air space, disaster preparedness, 345 00:17:44,129 --> 00:17:46,999 public messaging and information sharing. 346 00:17:46,999 --> 00:17:49,501 Next slide please. 347 00:17:49,501 --> 00:17:51,770 The exercise took place over two days, 348 00:17:51,770 --> 00:17:54,406 and it brought together a variety of interagency 349 00:17:54,406 --> 00:17:57,376 and international partners, as was shown previously, 350 00:17:57,509 --> 00:17:59,278 because we had people participating 351 00:17:59,278 --> 00:18:01,113 with all kinds of backgrounds. 352 00:18:01,113 --> 00:18:02,748 We will have three themes 353 00:18:02,748 --> 00:18:05,117 throughout the two days of the exercise 354 00:18:05,117 --> 00:18:08,454 international space response, disaster preparedness 355 00:18:08,454 --> 00:18:11,457 and information sharing, and public messaging. 356 00:18:11,590 --> 00:18:14,827 On the first day, as they alluded to, participants 357 00:18:14,827 --> 00:18:15,694 engaged in a variety 358 00:18:15,694 --> 00:18:18,697 of facilitated discussions about this scenario 359 00:18:18,931 --> 00:18:22,067 and then worked to develop courses of action that would be 360 00:18:22,067 --> 00:18:25,070 briefed to senior leaders on the morning of day two. 361 00:18:25,137 --> 00:18:27,706 After that briefing took place, followed by a facilitated 362 00:18:27,706 --> 00:18:30,209 discussion about those courses of action. 363 00:18:30,209 --> 00:18:33,112 The days then pivoted on towards focusing on public 364 00:18:33,112 --> 00:18:34,913 messaging and information sharing 365 00:18:34,913 --> 00:18:37,816 and that disaster preparedness component. 366 00:18:37,816 --> 00:18:38,750 Next slide please. 367 00:18:40,185 --> 00:18:42,488 So here we're talking about this quick look report 368 00:18:42,488 --> 00:18:44,857 that has recently been put out today. 369 00:18:44,857 --> 00:18:46,291 But there's going to be a more complete 370 00:18:46,291 --> 00:18:48,227 after action report that's released. 371 00:18:48,227 --> 00:18:50,662 This is an example of that cover for the report 372 00:18:50,662 --> 00:18:53,799 for Tabletop Exercise number four back from 2022. 373 00:18:54,399 --> 00:18:57,736 This report will be prepared over the summer time frame. 374 00:18:57,736 --> 00:18:58,837 And it's going to contain 375 00:18:58,837 --> 00:19:01,840 a detailed set of findings and recommendations 376 00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:03,509 to help us learn the lessons 377 00:19:03,509 --> 00:19:05,878 that we heard in the two days of the exercise, 378 00:19:05,878 --> 00:19:07,679 to help motivate work in the future, 379 00:19:07,679 --> 00:19:08,747 and potentially even drive 380 00:19:08,747 --> 00:19:10,282 investments to move us 381 00:19:10,282 --> 00:19:13,285 towards, operational planetary defense capability. 382 00:19:13,652 --> 00:19:16,155 Next slide, please. 383 00:19:16,155 --> 00:19:18,457 Now, this exercise is the first one 384 00:19:18,457 --> 00:19:21,460 that's taken place since NASA's Dart mission. 385 00:19:21,593 --> 00:19:25,130 Dart successfully showed the world that we now have one 386 00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:29,334 tested technique to prevent a potential asteroid impact 387 00:19:30,068 --> 00:19:31,236 if the need arises. 388 00:19:31,236 --> 00:19:32,871 But in order to 389 00:19:32,871 --> 00:19:34,806 be able to use a technique like this, 390 00:19:34,806 --> 00:19:37,309 we need to know where the asteroids are 391 00:19:37,309 --> 00:19:40,212 and when they might pose a hazard. Next slide please. 392 00:19:41,780 --> 00:19:43,148 And that brings us to the 393 00:19:43,148 --> 00:19:46,518 Neo surveyor mission or near-Earth Object Surveyor. 394 00:19:47,052 --> 00:19:50,422 That's a telescope that NASA is developing 395 00:19:50,422 --> 00:19:53,926 that will do a planetary defense mission to find the asteroids 396 00:19:54,092 --> 00:19:56,461 that may pose a hazard to the Earth. 397 00:19:56,461 --> 00:19:58,530 And this mission is currently on track 398 00:19:58,530 --> 00:20:01,533 for a launch in the fall of 2027. 399 00:20:01,667 --> 00:20:04,636 Back over to you, Charles. 400 00:20:05,837 --> 00:20:07,439 Thank you. 401 00:20:07,439 --> 00:20:10,409 With that, I will ask if any of our panelists 402 00:20:10,409 --> 00:20:11,877 have additional comments. 403 00:20:11,877 --> 00:20:14,880 Before we move on to questions from the media. 404 00:20:16,848 --> 00:20:20,385 Well, one of the things I'd like to emphasize to Charles is, 405 00:20:20,852 --> 00:20:24,556 this was the first time that, we had international, 406 00:20:24,756 --> 00:20:29,428 participation represent some, other space agencies 407 00:20:29,428 --> 00:20:32,998 and also from the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs, 408 00:20:33,465 --> 00:20:37,369 which are, some of the energies that, 409 00:20:37,369 --> 00:20:40,372 we work with, on a regular basis in, 410 00:20:40,639 --> 00:20:43,242 looking at this area of planetary defense 411 00:20:43,242 --> 00:20:46,245 and, certainly would be involved with us. 412 00:20:46,912 --> 00:20:49,314 should we have an actual, 413 00:20:49,314 --> 00:20:52,284 situation, that we needed to respond to? 414 00:20:54,052 --> 00:20:54,853 was a U.S. 415 00:20:54,853 --> 00:20:58,156 interagency exercise, but we invited in our 416 00:20:58,156 --> 00:21:02,928 international partners, to, simulate, 417 00:21:02,928 --> 00:21:06,365 that side of, for the activity that would need to take place. 418 00:21:08,867 --> 00:21:09,668 Thank you. 419 00:21:09,668 --> 00:21:12,671 Any other comments before we move on? 420 00:21:14,973 --> 00:21:15,941 On appearing, 421 00:21:15,941 --> 00:21:20,412 we will transition to our phone bridge 422 00:21:20,412 --> 00:21:23,415 moderator to take questions from the media. 423 00:21:23,448 --> 00:21:26,084 If you have not done so already and would like to ask 424 00:21:26,084 --> 00:21:29,421 a question, press star one and you'll be put in the queue. 425 00:21:31,456 --> 00:21:33,392 Operator, would you please let us know 426 00:21:33,392 --> 00:21:36,395 who is on the line? 427 00:21:36,561 --> 00:21:37,362 Thank you. 428 00:21:37,362 --> 00:21:40,299 Our first question comes from Jonathan Thiry with Fox News. 429 00:21:40,299 --> 00:21:42,801 Fox news, your line is open. 430 00:21:42,801 --> 00:21:43,669 Thank you so much. 431 00:21:43,669 --> 00:21:44,970 Thank you for doing this. 432 00:21:44,970 --> 00:21:47,539 this question is probably for Tarik. 433 00:21:47,539 --> 00:21:52,277 in situations where you had to directly intervene, 434 00:21:52,277 --> 00:21:55,347 sending a spacecraft to redirect an asteroid 435 00:21:55,781 --> 00:21:58,784 is there a one size fits all spacecraft? 436 00:21:58,784 --> 00:21:59,384 In other words, 437 00:21:59,384 --> 00:22:03,288 could you repeat Dart for any new asteroid threat? 438 00:22:03,588 --> 00:22:06,124 Or if you detected a new threat, would you have to 439 00:22:06,124 --> 00:22:10,195 custom build a spacecraft based on the asteroid size, 440 00:22:10,195 --> 00:22:14,232 composition, momentum, that type of thing? 441 00:22:14,266 --> 00:22:14,800 Thank you. 442 00:22:16,702 --> 00:22:19,805 Yes. So as Lindley showed in this particular scenario, 443 00:22:19,805 --> 00:22:20,505 there was 444 00:22:20,505 --> 00:22:23,775 a massive range of possibilities in the asteroids properties. 445 00:22:24,076 --> 00:22:26,011 And that's actually not unexpected 446 00:22:26,011 --> 00:22:27,612 when you initially first detect 447 00:22:27,612 --> 00:22:30,115 an object, you're going to have a lot of uncertainty. 448 00:22:30,115 --> 00:22:31,249 So sending a spacecraft 449 00:22:31,249 --> 00:22:31,817 to be able 450 00:22:31,817 --> 00:22:33,618 to collect information that reduces 451 00:22:33,618 --> 00:22:35,754 those uncertainties would be critical. 452 00:22:35,754 --> 00:22:37,956 every asteroid can be a little bit different. 453 00:22:37,956 --> 00:22:39,991 And so you would need to develop a mission 454 00:22:39,991 --> 00:22:42,994 that would go to that specific asteroids location in space. 455 00:22:43,228 --> 00:22:45,097 But in terms of the kinds of instruments 456 00:22:45,097 --> 00:22:47,399 you would need and things like that, and much of that, 457 00:22:47,399 --> 00:22:49,167 I think would be comparable between, 458 00:22:49,167 --> 00:22:52,170 different asteroid threats. 459 00:22:54,406 --> 00:22:55,507 Excellent. 460 00:22:55,507 --> 00:22:56,475 Thank you. 461 00:22:56,475 --> 00:22:59,478 next question online, please. 462 00:23:00,412 --> 00:23:00,946 Thank you. 463 00:23:00,946 --> 00:23:04,716 Our next question comes from Tim Burnham with payload space. 464 00:23:05,050 --> 00:23:05,884 Your line is open. 465 00:23:07,285 --> 00:23:08,687 Thank you for taking my question. 466 00:23:08,687 --> 00:23:12,924 I had two, if I may, a one on the Neo survey or mission. 467 00:23:13,125 --> 00:23:14,259 you know, you mentioned, 468 00:23:14,259 --> 00:23:14,860 that was on track 469 00:23:14,860 --> 00:23:17,896 for launch in fall of 2027, but it says 2028 470 00:23:17,896 --> 00:23:18,730 on the presentation. 471 00:23:18,730 --> 00:23:19,798 I'm just curious 472 00:23:19,798 --> 00:23:21,933 what the timing is on that and how confident we are. 473 00:23:21,933 --> 00:23:23,268 We're actually going to get 474 00:23:23,268 --> 00:23:25,804 that decade long warning that we need for this. 475 00:23:25,804 --> 00:23:26,772 And then just in terms of 476 00:23:26,772 --> 00:23:29,775 some of the gaps discussed in the final report, 477 00:23:29,841 --> 00:23:32,844 what I think concerns these experts 478 00:23:32,844 --> 00:23:34,846 most about our preparedness, 479 00:23:34,846 --> 00:23:37,516 what is the top gap that we need to resolve? 480 00:23:37,516 --> 00:23:39,851 And just after going through this, 481 00:23:39,851 --> 00:23:43,188 how confident do you feel that the world could respond to, 482 00:23:43,321 --> 00:23:45,123 threatening asteroid like this? Thanks. 483 00:23:47,125 --> 00:23:48,293 Several questions there. 484 00:23:48,293 --> 00:23:49,194 I believe a Lindley. 485 00:23:49,194 --> 00:23:52,264 You could take them first and, clarify the 486 00:23:52,297 --> 00:23:54,199 the actual projected launch date 487 00:23:54,199 --> 00:23:56,868 from Neo survey first and then move on. 488 00:23:56,868 --> 00:23:58,203 Yes. Yeah. 489 00:23:58,203 --> 00:24:01,873 the Neo surveyor project is, working to a launch 490 00:24:01,873 --> 00:24:05,177 readiness date of the fall of 2027. 491 00:24:06,077 --> 00:24:10,582 the June 28th, date is, actually the, agency's, 492 00:24:10,582 --> 00:24:14,586 commitment for launch no later than June of 2028. 493 00:24:14,586 --> 00:24:19,891 So, the project is on track for a fall of 27, launch. 494 00:24:20,425 --> 00:24:23,995 but, we always like to leave a little, room, 495 00:24:23,995 --> 00:24:26,998 to make sure that we can, 496 00:24:27,566 --> 00:24:30,569 be successful in our objectives. 497 00:24:31,803 --> 00:24:33,705 with, the 498 00:24:33,705 --> 00:24:37,309 your second question, you know, what's the what's the largest, 499 00:24:37,309 --> 00:24:42,414 gap, that we feel that we're dealing with and, 500 00:24:42,414 --> 00:24:45,717 you know, what can be done, to help in that area? 501 00:24:46,251 --> 00:24:49,688 well, currently, our largest gap is, you know, 502 00:24:49,688 --> 00:24:51,723 we don't know the whole population 503 00:24:51,723 --> 00:24:53,558 of near-Earth asteroids that are out there. 504 00:24:53,558 --> 00:24:55,760 And that's why we're pursuing the Neo surveyor 505 00:24:55,760 --> 00:24:57,128 mission is to get 506 00:24:57,128 --> 00:25:01,266 a more complete catalog of, of the hazardous, population, 507 00:25:01,299 --> 00:25:03,869 those asteroids that are large enough that, 508 00:25:03,869 --> 00:25:06,204 if they were to impact the Earth, they could do, 509 00:25:06,204 --> 00:25:09,908 significant damage and come, come close to the Earth 510 00:25:09,908 --> 00:25:11,243 over time. 511 00:25:11,243 --> 00:25:14,246 but we're working on that, with the neo surveyor mission. 512 00:25:14,346 --> 00:25:15,547 try to close that gap. 513 00:25:15,547 --> 00:25:19,618 you know, the second thing, that, is being worked 514 00:25:19,618 --> 00:25:23,522 in, you see it, and as part of this exercise is, 515 00:25:24,422 --> 00:25:29,227 developing the technologies, and the processes, 516 00:25:29,327 --> 00:25:33,365 for a rapid response, capability, reconnaissance 517 00:25:33,365 --> 00:25:37,836 capability, so that, even though, 518 00:25:37,936 --> 00:25:42,207 we may, have several years, detect the object several years 519 00:25:42,207 --> 00:25:47,112 before the impact, we are, prepared to get a, 520 00:25:47,245 --> 00:25:48,513 reconnaissance spacecraft 521 00:25:48,513 --> 00:25:50,749 out there as rapidly as possible 522 00:25:50,749 --> 00:25:53,718 to give us the critical information that we need. 523 00:25:54,019 --> 00:25:56,955 if we're going to try to deflect it, in space, 524 00:25:56,955 --> 00:26:00,158 before, it before it, could impact. 525 00:26:02,127 --> 00:26:03,762 I'm not sure if there was more to that question, 526 00:26:03,762 --> 00:26:05,730 but to ensure everyone has a chance, 527 00:26:05,730 --> 00:26:08,066 let's move on to the next question is, 528 00:26:08,066 --> 00:26:10,101 and if, reporters wanted to get back in the queue, 529 00:26:10,101 --> 00:26:13,104 they can certainly do so. 530 00:26:15,373 --> 00:26:15,840 Thank you. 531 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:19,811 Our next question comes from Nell Greenfieldboyce with NPR. 532 00:26:19,811 --> 00:26:21,646 Your line is open. 533 00:26:21,646 --> 00:26:23,448 Oh, hey, I hope you all can hear me. 534 00:26:23,448 --> 00:26:26,451 This question is for, Lindley Johnson. 535 00:26:27,385 --> 00:26:30,155 this scenario was a little different 536 00:26:30,155 --> 00:26:31,723 in how it was structured. 537 00:26:31,723 --> 00:26:35,927 You know, it sort of paused at one moment to look at how, 538 00:26:37,329 --> 00:26:39,564 how, you know, these these recommendations 539 00:26:39,564 --> 00:26:42,634 would be formulated and how they might be received. 540 00:26:43,134 --> 00:26:45,136 I wanted to ask you about the role of money, 541 00:26:45,136 --> 00:26:47,372 in the in the quick look report, there's 542 00:26:47,372 --> 00:26:51,643 a couple of references to money not being available or Congress 543 00:26:51,643 --> 00:26:54,946 not wanting to allocate money until it was a sure risk. 544 00:26:55,246 --> 00:26:58,216 I mean, could you talk about that aspect of the exercise 545 00:26:58,216 --> 00:27:01,319 and how it's similar or different from past exercises? 546 00:27:01,319 --> 00:27:01,886 Thank you. 547 00:27:03,822 --> 00:27:04,456 Well, yeah. 548 00:27:04,456 --> 00:27:07,459 So, in this exercise of, 549 00:27:08,026 --> 00:27:11,930 we oh, wanted to examine the processes 550 00:27:11,930 --> 00:27:14,933 by which we would come together, both, interagency 551 00:27:14,933 --> 00:27:19,204 and international, to decide, you know, what is the right 552 00:27:19,204 --> 00:27:22,374 course of action, given given the circumstances. 553 00:27:23,174 --> 00:27:28,046 and, as we've discussed, 554 00:27:29,381 --> 00:27:33,084 getting as rapid a look at a more detailed picture 555 00:27:33,084 --> 00:27:36,087 of the asteroid, and its physical, 556 00:27:36,554 --> 00:27:39,557 characteristics, is extremely important, but, 557 00:27:40,158 --> 00:27:43,061 but that, of course, takes money. 558 00:27:43,061 --> 00:27:46,097 in the normal course of budgeting, 559 00:27:46,631 --> 00:27:50,535 that is a very difficult, thing to do. 560 00:27:50,535 --> 00:27:55,006 And starting new projects, new programs, trying to find 561 00:27:55,006 --> 00:28:00,311 the space in the budget, to, given everything else, 562 00:28:00,412 --> 00:28:04,849 that is being done, to start, start a new mission, 563 00:28:05,517 --> 00:28:08,053 and, and so, 564 00:28:08,053 --> 00:28:11,623 but part of it is, doing the right, job in, 565 00:28:12,157 --> 00:28:14,726 in, informing people, 566 00:28:14,726 --> 00:28:18,630 being able to provide them the, 567 00:28:22,567 --> 00:28:24,202 Perception, necessary 568 00:28:24,202 --> 00:28:27,338 perception of how serious the threat really is. 569 00:28:27,772 --> 00:28:30,542 And so that's part of what this exercise is about. 570 00:28:30,542 --> 00:28:33,678 was, how do we, 571 00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:39,617 faithfully, inform our leadership, 572 00:28:39,884 --> 00:28:44,589 and, and Congress and others about the seriousness of this, 573 00:28:44,589 --> 00:28:47,592 this particular situation so that, 574 00:28:47,759 --> 00:28:51,229 the their decisions about, funding 575 00:28:51,229 --> 00:28:55,100 and how to, adequately support a response can be made. 576 00:28:59,537 --> 00:29:00,038 Thank you. 577 00:29:00,038 --> 00:29:01,239 And again, let me, 578 00:29:01,239 --> 00:29:03,308 remind the reporters who are online 579 00:29:03,308 --> 00:29:04,175 that if you want to 580 00:29:04,175 --> 00:29:07,545 ask a question or circle back, press star One on your phone, 581 00:29:07,912 --> 00:29:09,948 and I will now come back to our phone bridge 582 00:29:09,948 --> 00:29:12,951 moderator to, get the next question. 583 00:29:14,552 --> 00:29:15,386 Thank you. 584 00:29:15,386 --> 00:29:18,556 Our next question comes from Marcia Smith with Space 585 00:29:18,556 --> 00:29:21,559 Policy online.com. 586 00:29:21,726 --> 00:29:22,894 Thanks so much. 587 00:29:22,894 --> 00:29:25,764 I was wondering if, maybe Lee or any of you 588 00:29:25,764 --> 00:29:28,900 could talk about the international response. 589 00:29:29,134 --> 00:29:31,803 What is it that the international participants 590 00:29:31,803 --> 00:29:33,271 are worried about, or are they worried 591 00:29:33,271 --> 00:29:35,607 about how you're all going to coordinate across the globe? 592 00:29:35,607 --> 00:29:37,642 Are they worried about their own countries? 593 00:29:37,642 --> 00:29:39,677 Where do you see their particular focus? 594 00:29:43,782 --> 00:29:45,316 Well, our target, first, 595 00:29:45,316 --> 00:29:48,353 Marcia, the, 596 00:29:50,255 --> 00:29:52,690 over the years, in working, 597 00:29:52,690 --> 00:29:54,793 through the United Nations, Committee 598 00:29:54,793 --> 00:29:57,695 on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, which the, the U.N. 599 00:29:57,695 --> 00:30:02,233 Office of Outer Space Affairs is, is, secretariat 600 00:30:02,233 --> 00:30:03,768 or organizer of, 601 00:30:03,768 --> 00:30:04,903 we've built up 602 00:30:04,903 --> 00:30:08,807 a pretty good relationship with a lot of the other, 603 00:30:08,907 --> 00:30:14,179 national space agencies, and, have, come 604 00:30:14,179 --> 00:30:17,215 to, under understanding, 605 00:30:17,215 --> 00:30:22,520 between us about how, 606 00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:25,890 we could respond to, such a worldwide, 607 00:30:27,258 --> 00:30:31,162 threat, and, the kind of, of, 608 00:30:31,162 --> 00:30:34,766 conversations, that, that need to take place. 609 00:30:35,700 --> 00:30:38,703 I think, one of the things 610 00:30:38,703 --> 00:30:42,340 that we all feel and, certainly our international partners 611 00:30:42,340 --> 00:30:46,711 feel the importance of it being a, international, 612 00:30:46,945 --> 00:30:50,982 coalition, response to, such a situation 613 00:30:51,482 --> 00:30:56,387 that, One nation, no matter, how adequate, 614 00:30:56,387 --> 00:31:00,692 their space capabilities are, isn't trying to, go it alone, 615 00:31:01,259 --> 00:31:04,262 that, the both the, 616 00:31:04,662 --> 00:31:07,298 capabilities and, and, 617 00:31:07,298 --> 00:31:12,103 the, concerns, of other nations, are, 618 00:31:12,203 --> 00:31:17,208 also taken into account as we, craft 619 00:31:17,275 --> 00:31:21,646 a worldwide response to a worldwide hazard. 620 00:31:24,549 --> 00:31:24,883 Thank you. 621 00:31:24,883 --> 00:31:26,751 Do any of the other panelists have any comments 622 00:31:26,751 --> 00:31:28,486 about that particular question as well? 623 00:31:28,486 --> 00:31:31,155 Before we move on to the next one, 624 00:31:31,155 --> 00:31:33,691 I think, from the international 625 00:31:33,691 --> 00:31:36,694 disaster response, aspect of it, 626 00:31:36,794 --> 00:31:40,164 we've talked about this in very broad terms before. 627 00:31:40,164 --> 00:31:42,333 In previous international, that, 628 00:31:42,333 --> 00:31:44,903 a Planetary Defense conference sponsored 629 00:31:44,903 --> 00:31:47,572 by the International Academy Astronautics, 630 00:31:47,572 --> 00:31:51,009 for instance, in 2023, a conference we had in Vienna 631 00:31:51,376 --> 00:31:54,379 at the U.N., we did begin to discuss, 632 00:31:54,846 --> 00:31:57,315 what are the international complications 633 00:31:57,315 --> 00:32:00,952 for responding on the ground to a large impactor 634 00:32:01,286 --> 00:32:04,289 that could affect a very, very significant portion 635 00:32:04,289 --> 00:32:06,925 of the Earth, maybe multiple nations. 636 00:32:06,925 --> 00:32:07,525 You'll recall 637 00:32:07,525 --> 00:32:09,861 here in the United States where, under 638 00:32:09,861 --> 00:32:11,629 the national response framework, 639 00:32:11,629 --> 00:32:14,465 we all use an asteroid instead. Management system. 640 00:32:14,465 --> 00:32:16,668 There's no equivalent system for that. 641 00:32:16,668 --> 00:32:17,502 Internationally. 642 00:32:17,502 --> 00:32:18,670 The U.N. 643 00:32:18,670 --> 00:32:20,939 Office of Disaster Response and Affairs, 644 00:32:20,939 --> 00:32:23,942 they do have procedures to be found 645 00:32:24,042 --> 00:32:27,045 responding to tsunamis and other big events. 646 00:32:27,145 --> 00:32:30,248 But for an asteroid impact, we're thinking the scale of it 647 00:32:30,248 --> 00:32:31,115 is going to be such 648 00:32:31,115 --> 00:32:34,519 that we actually do need to discuss at this time 649 00:32:34,919 --> 00:32:36,621 what we what it would take 650 00:32:36,621 --> 00:32:39,624 for an international response on such a large scale. 651 00:32:39,857 --> 00:32:40,291 Right? 652 00:32:40,291 --> 00:32:41,893 Moving people from state to state, 653 00:32:41,893 --> 00:32:45,430 of course, to your relatives and other state is not really, 654 00:32:45,663 --> 00:32:47,165 a large problem. 655 00:32:47,165 --> 00:32:49,033 But if you talk about multiple nations 656 00:32:49,033 --> 00:32:51,469 and people having to move around and responding 657 00:32:51,469 --> 00:32:54,472 to a very large area, that could be a challenge. 658 00:32:54,706 --> 00:32:57,275 So the the challenge now to actually start 659 00:32:57,275 --> 00:33:00,979 discussing is that we need to organize and start discussing 660 00:33:00,979 --> 00:33:04,148 what would really take to coordinate a large effort 661 00:33:04,515 --> 00:33:05,717 and who would be in charge, 662 00:33:05,717 --> 00:33:07,785 what organization, how would we set it up? 663 00:33:07,785 --> 00:33:09,153 Would it be the UN? 664 00:33:09,153 --> 00:33:12,190 Would it be a combination of international organizations? 665 00:33:12,557 --> 00:33:14,058 How would we actually accomplish that? 666 00:33:14,058 --> 00:33:15,393 So that's the new challenge. 667 00:33:17,328 --> 00:33:18,930 One. Thank you. 668 00:33:18,930 --> 00:33:23,134 Thought is that, Lindsay and Ella both addressed, 669 00:33:23,134 --> 00:33:26,137 you know, the space missions aspect, the disaster aspect. 670 00:33:26,371 --> 00:33:26,838 Yeah, 671 00:33:26,838 --> 00:33:29,774 the international component really well across the two days. 672 00:33:29,774 --> 00:33:31,275 And one of the things that struck me was 673 00:33:31,275 --> 00:33:31,809 that it really 674 00:33:31,809 --> 00:33:35,847 at every juncture, there was such a strong support 675 00:33:35,980 --> 00:33:38,549 for international collaboration for this international issue. 676 00:33:38,549 --> 00:33:40,918 And frankly, I found that as a hopeful, kind 677 00:33:40,918 --> 00:33:42,653 of inspiring thing to see that kind 678 00:33:42,653 --> 00:33:45,656 of support for collaboration internationally. 679 00:33:46,891 --> 00:33:48,192 Thank you. 680 00:33:48,192 --> 00:33:51,229 Let's go back to our, online moderator 681 00:33:51,229 --> 00:33:52,530 to see the next question. 682 00:33:52,530 --> 00:33:55,066 Please. 683 00:33:55,066 --> 00:33:55,600 Thank you. 684 00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:58,069 Our next question comes from was that Ortega 685 00:33:58,069 --> 00:33:59,404 with The Washington Post? 686 00:33:59,404 --> 00:34:02,206 Your line is open. 687 00:34:02,206 --> 00:34:03,107 Hi, everyone. 688 00:34:03,107 --> 00:34:06,110 my question was just maybe you all could give us 689 00:34:06,110 --> 00:34:09,113 a bit of insight into the more difficult parts of the exercise. 690 00:34:09,881 --> 00:34:12,917 you mentioned that there was a hopeful tone of collaboration, 691 00:34:12,917 --> 00:34:14,352 which is amazing to hear, 692 00:34:14,352 --> 00:34:16,654 but where there may be some harder discussion, 693 00:34:16,654 --> 00:34:18,156 things that stuck with you. 694 00:34:21,459 --> 00:34:21,893 Thank you. 695 00:34:21,893 --> 00:34:23,394 Let's, just come down the line. 696 00:34:23,394 --> 00:34:26,397 Lindley, would you like to address that first? 697 00:34:27,398 --> 00:34:29,467 Well, I think, 698 00:34:29,467 --> 00:34:32,670 it's sort of been alluded to already is, 699 00:34:32,937 --> 00:34:35,673 the decision to act, as we 700 00:34:35,673 --> 00:34:38,676 call it, is, 701 00:34:39,043 --> 00:34:40,711 you know, 702 00:34:40,711 --> 00:34:44,115 providing the right, information, and the 703 00:34:44,148 --> 00:34:46,217 and the and the right, 704 00:34:46,217 --> 00:34:49,220 characterization of the situation, 705 00:34:49,887 --> 00:34:52,890 that, a decision, 706 00:34:52,924 --> 00:34:56,994 to, go do something, or not, 707 00:34:57,195 --> 00:35:00,865 as the case, as the prudent case may be, 708 00:35:01,365 --> 00:35:06,137 is, one of the things that we always, 709 00:35:06,137 --> 00:35:10,508 kind of worry about whether, we will, 710 00:35:11,042 --> 00:35:14,912 be able to, gather, enough support, 711 00:35:15,246 --> 00:35:19,917 coalition, if you will, to, go do what needs to be done. 712 00:35:19,984 --> 00:35:21,119 You know, in this case, 713 00:35:23,621 --> 00:35:23,921 you know, 714 00:35:23,921 --> 00:35:27,558 starting the efforts, for, a reconnaissance, 715 00:35:27,558 --> 00:35:30,528 of the asteroid, even though we're, 716 00:35:30,828 --> 00:35:32,797 still 14 years away. 717 00:35:32,797 --> 00:35:35,500 but we are, examining, 718 00:35:35,500 --> 00:35:38,503 how long it takes to pull a mission together. 719 00:35:38,736 --> 00:35:41,539 the flight time it takes to get to the asteroid, 720 00:35:41,539 --> 00:35:45,209 and, the launch windows that are available, to get to 721 00:35:45,209 --> 00:35:49,847 the asteroid, that eats up, a decade of time, pretty fast. 722 00:35:49,847 --> 00:35:54,018 So, that is certainly, concern looking at it from the, 723 00:35:54,652 --> 00:35:58,122 technical, technological standpoint. 724 00:36:00,424 --> 00:36:01,459 LA do you have any comments 725 00:36:01,459 --> 00:36:04,996 on that, question of the, yes. 726 00:36:04,996 --> 00:36:06,898 We can't take it out. 727 00:36:06,898 --> 00:36:07,598 Thank you. Charles. 728 00:36:07,598 --> 00:36:08,566 one of the 729 00:36:08,566 --> 00:36:10,968 more interesting aspects when we really, 730 00:36:10,968 --> 00:36:13,237 invited our international colleagues 731 00:36:13,237 --> 00:36:16,007 this time was, as you saw on this exercise, 732 00:36:16,007 --> 00:36:18,576 we have we've done exercises for six months. 733 00:36:18,576 --> 00:36:21,279 A lot easier to plan for 14 years. 734 00:36:21,279 --> 00:36:25,249 Well, for emergency managers, disaster responders, 14 735 00:36:25,249 --> 00:36:26,350 years is a long time. 736 00:36:26,350 --> 00:36:29,120 So we thought the first thing was, wait. 737 00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:32,590 Well, we're not waiting because we're not concerned with 738 00:36:32,590 --> 00:36:33,658 the situation 739 00:36:33,658 --> 00:36:36,994 is that emergency manager disaster responders are working 740 00:36:36,994 --> 00:36:37,495 every day. 741 00:36:37,495 --> 00:36:38,796 There's always something happen. 742 00:36:38,796 --> 00:36:40,431 There's going to be something happening 743 00:36:40,431 --> 00:36:42,099 all the way up until impacts. 744 00:36:42,099 --> 00:36:45,236 So figuring out where to put your resources to start 745 00:36:45,236 --> 00:36:47,238 work around this specific problem 746 00:36:47,238 --> 00:36:50,241 while still dealing with tornadoes and hurricanes, 747 00:36:50,408 --> 00:36:51,709 etc., etc. 748 00:36:51,709 --> 00:36:53,277 it's going to be a particular challenge. 749 00:36:53,277 --> 00:36:56,280 And the second part, as I alluded to earlier, was 750 00:36:56,747 --> 00:36:58,182 who would be in charge of 751 00:36:58,182 --> 00:37:01,219 how do you get together the international aspect of it? 752 00:37:01,552 --> 00:37:05,356 If you have a lot of time, maybe the UN is the right place, but 753 00:37:05,356 --> 00:37:08,559 it may not necessarily be under the Office of Space Affairs. 754 00:37:08,926 --> 00:37:10,728 So that's the biggest challenge for us right 755 00:37:10,728 --> 00:37:13,030 now, is figuring out where that starts, 756 00:37:13,030 --> 00:37:16,634 when you start the effort and what it will take to coordinate 757 00:37:16,634 --> 00:37:17,969 such a large effort. 758 00:37:20,738 --> 00:37:23,374 Terry, do you have anything to add 759 00:37:23,374 --> 00:37:24,842 a couple of thoughts. 760 00:37:24,842 --> 00:37:28,312 One is that the kinds of things that, Lee and L.A. 761 00:37:28,312 --> 00:37:30,047 I've mentioned have things in the quick look. 762 00:37:30,047 --> 00:37:31,549 They really point to the need 763 00:37:31,549 --> 00:37:35,119 to have this continual series of exercises, because each one 764 00:37:35,453 --> 00:37:36,854 is a learning experience. 765 00:37:36,854 --> 00:37:39,257 You know, you take a stab at what communication 766 00:37:39,257 --> 00:37:41,459 might look like and what the issues that might come up. 767 00:37:41,459 --> 00:37:43,027 Try to frame a discussion there. 768 00:37:43,027 --> 00:37:44,562 You'll learn something as a result, 769 00:37:44,562 --> 00:37:46,063 and then you feed forward to the future. 770 00:37:46,063 --> 00:37:47,565 You tweak things as you go. 771 00:37:47,565 --> 00:37:50,534 So each of these, I think is a learning experience, 772 00:37:50,534 --> 00:37:53,738 both for the planetary defense sort of subject matter experts 773 00:37:54,005 --> 00:37:55,940 as well as for those who are not, you know, 774 00:37:55,940 --> 00:37:58,009 living and breathing that field in this two way 775 00:37:58,009 --> 00:38:00,111 exchange or multi-dimensional exchange. 776 00:38:00,111 --> 00:38:02,446 over time, I think that just helps us move 777 00:38:02,446 --> 00:38:03,414 the needle as we 778 00:38:03,414 --> 00:38:05,049 kind of trial and error practice 779 00:38:05,049 --> 00:38:07,018 how we communicate and convey these issues. 780 00:38:07,018 --> 00:38:09,487 To Lin Lee's point, you know, move us kind of 781 00:38:09,487 --> 00:38:11,789 in a direction where appropriate decisions can be made. 782 00:38:15,059 --> 00:38:16,093 Thank you. 783 00:38:16,093 --> 00:38:19,096 do we have another question on the line for our panelists? 784 00:38:20,898 --> 00:38:22,166 Yes. Thank you. 785 00:38:22,166 --> 00:38:25,202 Our next question comes from Ramakrishnan 786 00:38:25,503 --> 00:38:26,837 with The Associated Press. 787 00:38:26,837 --> 00:38:29,340 Your line is open. 788 00:38:29,340 --> 00:38:31,008 Hi. Thank you all so much. 789 00:38:31,008 --> 00:38:31,575 my question 790 00:38:31,575 --> 00:38:34,645 has to do with potential future iterations of this exercise 791 00:38:34,645 --> 00:38:35,846 and what they might look like. 792 00:38:35,846 --> 00:38:37,848 you mentioned that the previous one was looking 793 00:38:37,848 --> 00:38:39,717 more like short warning threats in this one. 794 00:38:39,717 --> 00:38:41,619 Maybe looking at this a little bit more lead time. 795 00:38:41,619 --> 00:38:43,487 And I'm curious if there are other scenarios 796 00:38:43,487 --> 00:38:45,523 that, you either have in mind 797 00:38:45,523 --> 00:38:47,291 to potentially explore or things that we're learning 798 00:38:47,291 --> 00:38:48,993 from this iteration that might be interesting 799 00:38:48,993 --> 00:38:51,996 to explore when we're looking at this moving forward. 800 00:38:53,497 --> 00:38:55,933 Well, certainly, our start. 801 00:38:55,933 --> 00:38:58,669 Charles, I'll maybe, chime in then. 802 00:39:00,805 --> 00:39:03,741 as you said, there's a variety of, 803 00:39:03,741 --> 00:39:08,713 things that we've exercised, and, our, 804 00:39:09,046 --> 00:39:14,118 exercise scenario team, have all kinds of, knobs. 805 00:39:14,118 --> 00:39:17,688 They like to turn and, and, you know, different uncertainties, 806 00:39:18,456 --> 00:39:21,092 to add into scenario and, and, 807 00:39:21,092 --> 00:39:24,095 areas of, 808 00:39:24,161 --> 00:39:27,164 different areas on the earth, that, that could 809 00:39:28,165 --> 00:39:32,536 an under fold, this hazard, you know, 810 00:39:32,536 --> 00:39:34,572 so there's a, you know, 811 00:39:34,572 --> 00:39:37,575 potentially an unlimited number of scenarios to, 812 00:39:38,142 --> 00:39:39,043 to exercise here. 813 00:39:39,043 --> 00:39:43,114 But what we do is we're take a look at, you know what are the, 814 00:39:43,781 --> 00:39:46,450 outcomes, keycaps, 815 00:39:46,450 --> 00:39:49,453 that are identified in this particular exercise. 816 00:39:49,720 --> 00:39:54,024 And then we're try to, craft, the next exercise, 817 00:39:54,558 --> 00:40:00,531 in such a way that it, forces us to, address, 818 00:40:01,165 --> 00:40:04,468 some of those outstanding issues and gaps. 819 00:40:05,136 --> 00:40:08,105 so we don't, have a, 820 00:40:08,105 --> 00:40:11,108 specific scenario in mind yet. 821 00:40:11,142 --> 00:40:13,611 but, we will take the, 822 00:40:14,612 --> 00:40:17,014 after action report from this one 823 00:40:17,014 --> 00:40:20,351 and then then begin to, 824 00:40:20,351 --> 00:40:23,354 talk, amongst our community here to, 825 00:40:23,954 --> 00:40:26,590 determine, so what do we want to take on next time? 826 00:40:26,590 --> 00:40:30,327 What what area do we need to poke at, to improve 827 00:40:30,394 --> 00:40:33,864 either the, the process or the decision making, 828 00:40:34,298 --> 00:40:37,868 to put ourselves in a better position of readiness. 829 00:40:38,736 --> 00:40:43,107 as we like to say in the exercise, community, 830 00:40:43,107 --> 00:40:46,110 you know, the the actual plan, the, 831 00:40:47,511 --> 00:40:50,314 specific exercise, results, 832 00:40:50,314 --> 00:40:53,617 are, you know, aren't really anything. 833 00:40:54,051 --> 00:40:56,320 It's the actual going through the process 834 00:40:56,320 --> 00:40:59,390 of doing the planning and working together, 835 00:40:59,390 --> 00:41:02,460 communicating and and, working with each other. 836 00:41:02,460 --> 00:41:05,529 That is the real purpose of these exercises. 837 00:41:07,531 --> 00:41:07,765 Okay. 838 00:41:07,765 --> 00:41:08,532 Do you have any 839 00:41:08,532 --> 00:41:12,269 comments on what next to expect from the tabletop exercises? 840 00:41:13,737 --> 00:41:13,938 Yeah. 841 00:41:13,938 --> 00:41:14,705 Thank you. Charles. 842 00:41:14,705 --> 00:41:18,943 One of the ideas, we discussed with our, State Department 843 00:41:18,943 --> 00:41:22,413 colleagues in the Office of Space Affairs and with, some 844 00:41:22,446 --> 00:41:25,649 my colleagues in international disaster sports 845 00:41:25,649 --> 00:41:29,753 is that we may want to sit down to have a tabletop 846 00:41:29,753 --> 00:41:33,591 that exclusively talks about the disaster 847 00:41:33,591 --> 00:41:34,458 response part, 848 00:41:34,458 --> 00:41:36,560 because there are other organizations 849 00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:37,962 that literally could tell you about 850 00:41:37,962 --> 00:41:40,998 they have, working groups that work worked on 851 00:41:41,265 --> 00:41:44,268 some of the technical aspects in the space aspects 852 00:41:44,602 --> 00:41:45,769 of this particular problem. 853 00:41:45,769 --> 00:41:49,807 But we have really concentrated on the disaster aspects of it, 854 00:41:49,807 --> 00:41:52,910 not for this specific axis, this specific scenario. 855 00:41:53,210 --> 00:41:54,278 And that's different enough. 856 00:41:54,278 --> 00:41:57,248 That would take some effort for us to really sit down 857 00:41:57,248 --> 00:42:01,318 as a group and start talking about this specific scenario, 858 00:42:01,585 --> 00:42:03,821 an asteroid or comet impact 859 00:42:03,821 --> 00:42:05,823 and start working through the details. Maybe. 860 00:42:05,823 --> 00:42:06,857 So maybe 861 00:42:06,857 --> 00:42:10,160 one of the ideas and refuses to have a separate tabletop 862 00:42:10,427 --> 00:42:11,595 with just a disaster 863 00:42:11,595 --> 00:42:14,598 responders to kind of talk about this specific scenario, 864 00:42:14,698 --> 00:42:17,801 because it's so rare and so different that we would 865 00:42:17,968 --> 00:42:21,138 maybe need to spend a little bit more time preparing for it. 866 00:42:21,138 --> 00:42:23,107 So that's a consideration for the future. 867 00:42:24,742 --> 00:42:25,643 You, Kirk, 868 00:42:25,643 --> 00:42:28,646 do you have anything to add to that discussion? 869 00:42:29,179 --> 00:42:31,282 Not at this time. 870 00:42:31,282 --> 00:42:32,416 Fantastic. 871 00:42:32,416 --> 00:42:34,251 All right. Let's go back and see. 872 00:42:34,251 --> 00:42:37,488 if our, online moderator has any additional questions 873 00:42:37,488 --> 00:42:40,457 for the panel. 874 00:42:40,558 --> 00:42:41,559 Yes. Thank you. 875 00:42:41,559 --> 00:42:45,162 Our next question comes from Ken Burns with payload space. 876 00:42:45,162 --> 00:42:47,464 Your line is open. 877 00:42:47,464 --> 00:42:48,065 Hello again. 878 00:42:48,065 --> 00:42:50,501 Thank you for letting me get another bite at the apple. 879 00:42:50,501 --> 00:42:51,936 question. 880 00:42:51,936 --> 00:42:53,103 One of the things that a lot 881 00:42:53,103 --> 00:42:56,473 of the comments in the report mentioned are concerns about 882 00:42:56,473 --> 00:42:59,543 Congress or political decision making or time. 883 00:42:59,843 --> 00:43:03,047 And I'm curious if any former lawmakers or 884 00:43:03,047 --> 00:43:06,016 like non-technical policy people were involved in this 885 00:43:06,283 --> 00:43:08,953 and if that is maybe something you'd like to do in the future. 886 00:43:08,953 --> 00:43:11,121 And I'm wondering if you can share any color on, 887 00:43:11,121 --> 00:43:14,325 like the senior leader briefing module of the exercise. 888 00:43:14,592 --> 00:43:15,826 Who was involved in that? 889 00:43:15,826 --> 00:43:17,728 What does that scenario look like? Thank you. 890 00:43:20,931 --> 00:43:21,532 Well, that, 891 00:43:21,532 --> 00:43:24,702 that is an interesting idea that, 892 00:43:25,636 --> 00:43:30,407 maybe we could involve, more of a political leadership, 893 00:43:30,407 --> 00:43:33,410 congressional staffers perhaps, or something. 894 00:43:33,410 --> 00:43:36,413 And, in a future exercise. 895 00:43:36,614 --> 00:43:39,483 but, in this particular exercise, 896 00:43:39,483 --> 00:43:44,555 though, we did have, some, senior leaders, both within, 897 00:43:44,555 --> 00:43:47,558 and the NASA space agency, the, 898 00:43:47,658 --> 00:43:50,027 associate administrator for the Science Mission 899 00:43:50,027 --> 00:43:53,430 Directorate, was, part of the, leadership 900 00:43:53,430 --> 00:43:56,433 panel, 901 00:43:56,567 --> 00:43:58,836 as, LA can tell you, the, 902 00:43:58,836 --> 00:44:01,839 deputy 903 00:44:01,905 --> 00:44:05,576 administrator of, FEMA, participated in the panel, 904 00:44:06,176 --> 00:44:09,680 internationally, we had the director 905 00:44:09,680 --> 00:44:12,683 of the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs, 906 00:44:13,083 --> 00:44:16,186 on that, on that panel, also, 907 00:44:16,253 --> 00:44:21,959 some senior, officers, of, and, U.S. 908 00:44:22,126 --> 00:44:26,030 space Command, participated and, 909 00:44:27,831 --> 00:44:30,834 some folks, from the, from the white House, 910 00:44:31,001 --> 00:44:33,904 the National Security and National Space 911 00:44:33,904 --> 00:44:37,074 Council, we're we're person. 912 00:44:38,609 --> 00:44:39,910 Well, so who am I? 913 00:44:39,910 --> 00:44:41,979 Who am I forgetting? 914 00:44:41,979 --> 00:44:45,382 I think it's, important also learned that we did 915 00:44:45,382 --> 00:44:49,019 include, some of the science community, involved. 916 00:44:49,019 --> 00:44:51,522 We also had, for the first time, 917 00:44:51,522 --> 00:44:53,891 a representatives from the, U.S. 918 00:44:53,891 --> 00:44:56,326 agency for International Development 919 00:44:56,326 --> 00:45:00,497 involved, in the exercise, which is, was a great addition, 920 00:45:00,497 --> 00:45:04,201 brought us, a whole different aspect of, what was going on. 921 00:45:04,535 --> 00:45:07,538 We had a representative from the US Geological Survey. 922 00:45:07,738 --> 00:45:10,441 We try to get other agencies that were participate 923 00:45:10,441 --> 00:45:10,908 that you wouldn't 924 00:45:10,908 --> 00:45:11,341 normally 925 00:45:11,341 --> 00:45:13,077 think would be involved in this scenario, 926 00:45:13,077 --> 00:45:15,345 but they all brought different points of view, 927 00:45:15,345 --> 00:45:18,582 and also this time a big emphasis that maybe Terry 928 00:45:18,615 --> 00:45:20,384 could give a few more details on it. 929 00:45:20,384 --> 00:45:21,785 And having the communicators, 930 00:45:21,785 --> 00:45:24,888 our public affairs officials, with us on these exercises, 931 00:45:25,122 --> 00:45:27,558 because part of the whole thing is going to be messaging. 932 00:45:27,558 --> 00:45:28,459 What do you say? 933 00:45:28,459 --> 00:45:31,428 How do you make sure that people believe what we're saying 934 00:45:31,495 --> 00:45:34,465 and we don't have, issues with, 935 00:45:36,066 --> 00:45:37,901 incorrect news or fake news or whatever 936 00:45:37,901 --> 00:45:40,304 you want to call it, how that would interfere with us 937 00:45:40,304 --> 00:45:42,639 moving forward, getting the right things done. 938 00:45:42,639 --> 00:45:46,276 So, that aspect, I think we are getting better 939 00:45:46,276 --> 00:45:50,047 with, expanding the population of people. 940 00:45:50,047 --> 00:45:51,348 But one of the reasons 941 00:45:51,348 --> 00:45:52,015 that we try 942 00:45:52,015 --> 00:45:55,786 to keep it, more controlled so that we don't go off on 943 00:45:55,786 --> 00:45:57,187 a tangent because, 944 00:45:57,187 --> 00:45:58,822 I mean, there was a lively discussion 945 00:45:58,822 --> 00:45:59,957 to talk about what happens 946 00:45:59,957 --> 00:46:00,491 when we start 947 00:46:00,491 --> 00:46:02,826 doing things on the moon and who's going to meet in 948 00:46:02,826 --> 00:46:06,196 charge of emergency management so you can get off on a tangent. 949 00:46:06,196 --> 00:46:09,166 So trying to make sure that we had the right people, 950 00:46:09,233 --> 00:46:12,703 for this exercise is a good way for us to keep moving forward 951 00:46:12,703 --> 00:46:13,504 for this scenario. 952 00:46:15,706 --> 00:46:17,808 And I like just to sort of 953 00:46:17,808 --> 00:46:20,277 build on that in terms of discussions, 954 00:46:20,277 --> 00:46:22,012 the potential to engine side, it's one of the reasons 955 00:46:22,012 --> 00:46:24,915 it's important to identify these objectives 956 00:46:24,915 --> 00:46:28,218 for the exercise pretty early on and then figure out, you know, 957 00:46:28,218 --> 00:46:30,921 who are the people to involved and in the exercise 958 00:46:30,921 --> 00:46:34,158 to move the discussion on, to, to reach those objectives. 959 00:46:34,658 --> 00:46:38,362 you mentioned communications, and it was wonderful to have, 960 00:46:38,362 --> 00:46:42,199 communications experts from FEMA, from NASA, 961 00:46:42,199 --> 00:46:45,435 from other agencies, to really clarify, you know, 962 00:46:45,469 --> 00:46:47,805 what is it that people would want to know? 963 00:46:47,805 --> 00:46:48,972 When would they want to know what? 964 00:46:48,972 --> 00:46:51,341 How can we communicate that in an effective way? 965 00:46:51,341 --> 00:46:53,110 And going forward, I hope we have more of that, 966 00:46:53,110 --> 00:46:57,147 because ultimately, if you know, the technical experts can't 967 00:46:57,147 --> 00:46:58,248 adequately convey 968 00:46:58,248 --> 00:47:02,085 the urgency and the hazard and the potential courses of action, 969 00:47:02,352 --> 00:47:04,454 then whatever briefing or information 970 00:47:04,454 --> 00:47:06,256 you're giving has a somewhat limited value. 971 00:47:06,256 --> 00:47:07,958 If it's not driving, 972 00:47:07,958 --> 00:47:09,293 people towards that action 973 00:47:09,293 --> 00:47:11,929 to help them understand, what the options are 974 00:47:11,929 --> 00:47:13,163 and what they can do in response. 975 00:47:13,163 --> 00:47:15,065 So communications, I think was a critical 976 00:47:15,065 --> 00:47:16,633 theme to have and I think lots of lessons 977 00:47:16,633 --> 00:47:17,401 learned on that front. 978 00:47:19,870 --> 00:47:20,170 And we 979 00:47:20,170 --> 00:47:23,173 continue it for this briefing. 980 00:47:23,507 --> 00:47:26,476 Yes, indeed. 981 00:47:27,144 --> 00:47:27,978 Excellent point. 982 00:47:27,978 --> 00:47:31,048 And in that vein, we have time for one more question. 983 00:47:31,048 --> 00:47:34,084 I will ask the, phone for each moderator 984 00:47:34,084 --> 00:47:37,287 if we have anyone with, a final question for the panel. 985 00:47:39,089 --> 00:47:40,390 Yes. Thank you. 986 00:47:40,390 --> 00:47:41,191 Our next question 987 00:47:41,191 --> 00:47:44,862 comes from Marcia Smith with Space Policy online.com. 988 00:47:45,362 --> 00:47:47,030 Your line is open. 989 00:47:47,030 --> 00:47:49,967 Thanks so much for letting me ask a second question. 990 00:47:49,967 --> 00:47:51,268 And it's actually a two part 991 00:47:51,268 --> 00:47:54,771 question again about the international aspect of this. 992 00:47:55,372 --> 00:47:56,506 And so I'm wondering 993 00:47:56,506 --> 00:48:00,310 literally if you have any update on efforts 994 00:48:00,310 --> 00:48:04,548 to try and get a spacecraft to office before it gets here? 995 00:48:04,948 --> 00:48:07,651 I know that NASA has funding challenges to do that, 996 00:48:07,651 --> 00:48:09,052 but is there any indication 997 00:48:09,052 --> 00:48:11,822 that the international community is going to come together 998 00:48:11,822 --> 00:48:13,790 and find a way to do that? 999 00:48:13,790 --> 00:48:16,426 And, secondly, I know that you are now 1000 00:48:16,426 --> 00:48:19,429 the planetary defense officer emeritus. 1001 00:48:19,630 --> 00:48:21,431 you were the first one. 1002 00:48:21,431 --> 00:48:24,101 And I'm curious, do other countries 1003 00:48:24,101 --> 00:48:26,803 have their own planetary defense officers now? 1004 00:48:26,803 --> 00:48:29,840 And so are they all in space agencies or in other parts 1005 00:48:29,840 --> 00:48:30,407 of the government? 1006 00:48:31,842 --> 00:48:33,677 well, a couple of 1007 00:48:33,677 --> 00:48:36,680 questions there, a sort of off topic. 1008 00:48:36,980 --> 00:48:40,150 but to the to the first one. 1009 00:48:41,318 --> 00:48:43,654 yes. Our, talks 1010 00:48:43,654 --> 00:48:46,657 with, other national space agencies and 1011 00:48:46,823 --> 00:48:50,861 and around the community are, are, yielding, some results. 1012 00:48:51,528 --> 00:48:54,498 the European Space Agency is, 1013 00:48:55,032 --> 00:48:58,035 very active in, 1014 00:48:59,503 --> 00:49:00,871 initiating, 1015 00:49:00,871 --> 00:49:04,908 a, Apophis, reconnaissance 1016 00:49:04,908 --> 00:49:07,878 mission, pre Earth encounter, reconnaissance mission. 1017 00:49:07,945 --> 00:49:11,148 now, here at NASA, 1018 00:49:11,782 --> 00:49:17,554 we have, approved a extended mission 1019 00:49:17,554 --> 00:49:20,557 for the Saber's, Rex, spacecraft, 1020 00:49:21,058 --> 00:49:25,195 because it can reach, the pufferfish, asteroid, 1021 00:49:25,862 --> 00:49:29,099 shortly after, the closest, approach to the your, 1022 00:49:29,700 --> 00:49:33,870 and so a post, close encounter, 1023 00:49:34,104 --> 00:49:37,641 characterization of the asteroid, is, you know, 1024 00:49:37,641 --> 00:49:43,013 very much in hand with the the cyber, apex mission, but, 1025 00:49:43,313 --> 00:49:47,117 both for scientific, purposes, and, 1026 00:49:47,417 --> 00:49:50,420 for demonstration of planetary defense capabilities. 1027 00:49:50,854 --> 00:49:51,788 we want to be able 1028 00:49:51,788 --> 00:49:56,293 to get a spacecraft out there, weeks to months, to, 1029 00:49:56,293 --> 00:50:00,464 get a look at, Apophis, before that, that close encounter, 1030 00:50:00,964 --> 00:50:02,399 with the Earth, 1031 00:50:02,399 --> 00:50:04,835 because, you know, first of all, demonstrates 1032 00:50:04,835 --> 00:50:06,136 a capability to do that 1033 00:50:06,136 --> 00:50:09,272 for planetary defense, but also gives the scientists 1034 00:50:09,272 --> 00:50:13,176 the before picture, of asteroid, purpose, 1035 00:50:13,677 --> 00:50:18,015 so that we can see what changes, were made 1036 00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:22,219 by the close encounter, with the Earth, but, 1037 00:50:22,219 --> 00:50:26,656 European Space Agency, is pursuing a, mission. 1038 00:50:27,157 --> 00:50:30,527 That would be a rebuild of the Harris spacecraft. 1039 00:50:30,927 --> 00:50:34,364 the Harris spacecraft, is, is, 1040 00:50:35,432 --> 00:50:36,099 getting prepared 1041 00:50:36,099 --> 00:50:39,102 to launch it this fall to go back to Didymos, 1042 00:50:39,169 --> 00:50:41,405 to do a post, dart, 1043 00:50:41,405 --> 00:50:44,408 assessment of the demo system, 1044 00:50:44,541 --> 00:50:47,844 so that, was the, most, 1045 00:50:49,946 --> 00:50:52,015 capable way of, 1046 00:50:52,015 --> 00:50:55,352 of them, providing a, 1047 00:50:55,952 --> 00:50:58,955 profes, 1048 00:50:59,489 --> 00:51:01,792 reconnaissance mission. 1049 00:51:01,792 --> 00:51:05,062 so, this, mission called Ramses 1050 00:51:05,062 --> 00:51:08,532 is, being, pursued. 1051 00:51:08,532 --> 00:51:11,535 And, they've invited international participation, 1052 00:51:12,069 --> 00:51:14,271 to that, mission. 1053 00:51:14,271 --> 00:51:16,773 us, jets. 1054 00:51:16,773 --> 00:51:20,410 just Japanese space agency are definitely partners in that. 1055 00:51:20,977 --> 00:51:22,946 here at NASA. 1056 00:51:22,946 --> 00:51:28,518 we're continuing to to look at, possibly a, repurpose of the, 1057 00:51:28,652 --> 00:51:31,822 Jannis, spacecraft, simplex mission 1058 00:51:32,355 --> 00:51:35,358 that didn't get to go on a ride, with, with psyche. 1059 00:51:37,561 --> 00:51:41,431 and, there are other, countries, as well, 1060 00:51:41,598 --> 00:51:45,402 particularly the, Korean, 1061 00:51:45,402 --> 00:51:48,405 green space, agency, 1062 00:51:48,605 --> 00:51:51,808 that, is, looking at what they, 1063 00:51:51,808 --> 00:51:53,877 what kind of mission they might be able to do, 1064 00:51:53,877 --> 00:51:57,047 albeit, small spacecraft or something like that. 1065 00:51:57,047 --> 00:52:00,617 But it all demonstrates, this idea of a, 1066 00:52:01,852 --> 00:52:02,652 a rapid, 1067 00:52:02,652 --> 00:52:05,655 reconnaissance, demonstration. 1068 00:52:07,424 --> 00:52:09,659 in fact, you know, the question of, 1069 00:52:09,659 --> 00:52:11,461 planetary defense officer. 1070 00:52:11,461 --> 00:52:14,297 Yeah, I'm I'm starting, 1071 00:52:14,297 --> 00:52:18,068 my, phasing, into, retirement. 1072 00:52:18,635 --> 00:52:22,606 Kelly fast is, now the acting planetary defense 1073 00:52:22,606 --> 00:52:25,609 officer here at, NASA 1074 00:52:25,675 --> 00:52:28,678 and, but, but, yes, 1075 00:52:28,678 --> 00:52:31,781 there are planetary defense officers now, 1076 00:52:31,781 --> 00:52:33,583 the European Space Agency, 1077 00:52:33,583 --> 00:52:36,753 has run their own planetary defense program, which they, 1078 00:52:37,454 --> 00:52:40,457 have under their space safety, 1079 00:52:40,490 --> 00:52:43,493 program. 1080 00:52:43,727 --> 00:52:45,762 the, Japanese space 1081 00:52:45,762 --> 00:52:50,534 agency is, now, in the process of setting up a planetary 1082 00:52:50,534 --> 00:52:53,537 defense, office, amongst their, 1083 00:52:55,005 --> 00:52:57,274 small body, science, efforts. 1084 00:52:57,274 --> 00:53:01,545 So, the, so although, 1085 00:53:01,645 --> 00:53:05,148 there's not too many other, planetary defense officers yet, 1086 00:53:05,282 --> 00:53:08,985 I would expect, about every space agency, 1087 00:53:09,186 --> 00:53:11,221 in the future, we'll probably have 1088 00:53:11,221 --> 00:53:13,857 somebody that has that at least as an additional duty. 1089 00:53:18,762 --> 00:53:19,629 Okay. 1090 00:53:19,629 --> 00:53:22,799 Well, that is about all the time we have today. 1091 00:53:22,799 --> 00:53:25,969 If, some of the journalists so watching or online 1092 00:53:26,203 --> 00:53:28,939 have additional questions, you can contact us directly. 1093 00:53:28,939 --> 00:53:34,244 The associated news release is available at nasa.gov/news. 1094 00:53:34,811 --> 00:53:36,279 Thank you so much for joining us. 1095 00:53:36,279 --> 00:53:40,183 Also, the quick book report is published and can be found 1096 00:53:40,183 --> 00:53:44,221 at nasa.gov/reports. 1097 00:53:44,988 --> 00:53:46,423 Go planetary defense.