1 00:00:18,952 --> 00:00:21,388 Welcome to NASA's science Live. 2 00:00:21,388 --> 00:00:24,224 This is your chance to interact with NASA experts 3 00:00:24,224 --> 00:00:27,193 and have your questions answered in real time. 4 00:00:27,293 --> 00:00:29,462 I'm your host Tahira Allen. 5 00:00:29,462 --> 00:00:31,431 Today, we're diving into the excitement 6 00:00:31,431 --> 00:00:32,832 surrounding the upcoming 7 00:00:32,832 --> 00:00:36,069 total solar eclipse that will cross North America, 8 00:00:36,102 --> 00:00:39,472 passing over Mexico, the United States and Canada. 9 00:00:39,973 --> 00:00:42,709 If you have questions throughout the show, you can send them in 10 00:00:42,709 --> 00:00:46,980 using the hashtag Ask NASA on social media or drop them 11 00:00:46,980 --> 00:00:49,983 directly into the comment box wherever you're watching. 12 00:00:50,383 --> 00:00:53,820 Now, this eclipse isn't just any ordinary celestial event. 13 00:00:54,220 --> 00:00:56,956 It is a rare opportunity for millions 14 00:00:56,956 --> 00:00:59,959 to witness the moon completely block out the sun, 15 00:01:00,093 --> 00:01:03,830 turning day into dusk for those in the path of totality. 16 00:01:04,264 --> 00:01:05,398 And get this, 17 00:01:05,398 --> 00:01:08,535 this will be the last total solar eclipse to cross 18 00:01:08,535 --> 00:01:12,072 the contiguous United States for the next 20 years. 19 00:01:12,672 --> 00:01:15,675 What makes this even more special is that an estimated 20 00:01:15,675 --> 00:01:20,213 31.6 million people live within the path of totality. 21 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:23,550 And if you're not in the path of totality, no worries. 22 00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:26,219 Everyone in the contiguous United States 23 00:01:26,219 --> 00:01:29,722 will have the chance to see at least a partial solar eclipse. 24 00:01:30,723 --> 00:01:32,025 Now, picture this 25 00:01:32,025 --> 00:01:35,862 a collective pause as people across the U.S. gaze 26 00:01:35,895 --> 00:01:39,466 upward to experience the wonder of the cosmos together. 27 00:01:40,333 --> 00:01:41,768 I can't wait. 28 00:01:41,768 --> 00:01:43,703 And today, I'm joined by Dr. 29 00:01:43,703 --> 00:01:47,540 Gina DiBraccio, a Sun expert who's going to walk us through 30 00:01:47,540 --> 00:01:49,976 how to prepare for the April 8th event. 31 00:01:49,976 --> 00:01:52,679 Gina, welcome. Hi, Tahira, Thanks for having me. 32 00:01:52,679 --> 00:01:54,314 And thank you so much for being here. 33 00:01:54,314 --> 00:01:56,616 Now, can you kick off by telling our viewers 34 00:01:56,616 --> 00:01:59,519 a little bit about your role here at NASA? 35 00:01:59,519 --> 00:01:59,886 Sure. 36 00:01:59,886 --> 00:02:03,089 So I'm the deputy director of the Heliophysics Science 37 00:02:03,089 --> 00:02:06,092 Division at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. 38 00:02:06,092 --> 00:02:08,595 That means I'm helping to oversee 39 00:02:08,595 --> 00:02:11,698 an organization of scientists that are studying Heliophysics, 40 00:02:11,698 --> 00:02:15,235 which is the study of the sun and its influence on everything. 41 00:02:15,435 --> 00:02:17,804 So we're looking at the physics of the sun, 42 00:02:17,804 --> 00:02:20,874 but also how it impacts the Earth's magnetic field, 43 00:02:21,074 --> 00:02:23,176 the upper atmosphere, and really just understanding 44 00:02:23,176 --> 00:02:25,445 how the whole system works together. 45 00:02:25,445 --> 00:02:26,045 That is great. 46 00:02:26,045 --> 00:02:30,216 And I'm so happy to be here with you again today. Yes. 47 00:02:30,350 --> 00:02:32,952 Gina and I had a blast hosting last year's 48 00:02:32,952 --> 00:02:35,955 annular solar eclipse, and I think it's safe to say 49 00:02:36,055 --> 00:02:39,492 we are thrilled to be back again for the total solar eclipse. 50 00:02:39,759 --> 00:02:41,828 Now, before we dive into some details, 51 00:02:41,828 --> 00:02:43,830 Gina, can you help clear something up for me? 52 00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:44,764 Sure. 53 00:02:44,764 --> 00:02:47,600 What exactly sets an annular 54 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:51,204 solar eclipse apart from a total solar eclipse like this year? 55 00:02:51,404 --> 00:02:52,305 Okay, 56 00:02:52,305 --> 00:02:56,009 so when a solar eclipse happens, the moon is going to cross in 57 00:02:56,009 --> 00:02:57,710 between the earth and the sun. 58 00:02:57,710 --> 00:03:00,713 And when that happens, the moon's shadow is cast on the 59 00:03:00,747 --> 00:03:01,514 on the earth. 60 00:03:01,514 --> 00:03:03,583 And we can look up in the sky and see it. 61 00:03:03,583 --> 00:03:05,618 Now, for an annular eclipse, 62 00:03:05,618 --> 00:03:08,421 the moon is going to be just a little bit farther away 63 00:03:08,421 --> 00:03:11,024 so that it doesn't completely block out the sun. 64 00:03:11,024 --> 00:03:12,492 And that's what you can see on the screen here. 65 00:03:12,492 --> 00:03:15,495 You're left with a ring of fire in the sky. 66 00:03:15,828 --> 00:03:18,131 Now, for a total solar eclipse, 67 00:03:18,131 --> 00:03:20,700 the moon is going to be closer to the earth 68 00:03:20,700 --> 00:03:22,602 so that the sun is completely blocked. 69 00:03:22,602 --> 00:03:24,837 And that way we can see the solar corona. 70 00:03:24,837 --> 00:03:28,575 It's that hot upper atmosphere of the sun that we can't see 71 00:03:28,575 --> 00:03:31,578 with our visible eyes on a day to day basis. 72 00:03:31,578 --> 00:03:33,780 So it's really good to know that difference because, you know, 73 00:03:33,780 --> 00:03:35,181 it's my understanding that in total 74 00:03:35,181 --> 00:03:38,751 solar eclipse, the safety tips then are a little bit different 75 00:03:38,751 --> 00:03:40,486 than an annular. Right, Exactly. 76 00:03:40,486 --> 00:03:43,456 And so for our viewers at home, we have a special guest, 77 00:03:43,456 --> 00:03:45,191 someone you might recognize who's here 78 00:03:45,191 --> 00:03:48,127 to let us know how to safely view the April 8th event. 79 00:03:50,897 --> 00:03:53,433 Hey, Eclipse enthusiast Lance Bass here. 80 00:03:53,433 --> 00:03:56,436 And I want to tell you how to protect those eyes and stay safe 81 00:03:56,436 --> 00:04:00,039 during a solar eclipse during these celestial events, 82 00:04:00,073 --> 00:04:04,277 the sun, earth and moon are in sync, creating solar eclipses. 83 00:04:05,545 --> 00:04:08,982 You can look directly at the sun during a total solar eclipse, 84 00:04:08,982 --> 00:04:10,717 but only when it's completely 85 00:04:10,717 --> 00:04:14,120 covered by the moon for a brief period known as totality. 86 00:04:14,387 --> 00:04:16,823 This is a really special moment at all. 87 00:04:16,823 --> 00:04:19,025 Other times you should wear eclipse glasses 88 00:04:19,025 --> 00:04:22,028 so that you don't say bye bye bye to your vision. 89 00:04:22,195 --> 00:04:22,996 Seriously. 90 00:04:22,996 --> 00:04:26,132 And eclipse glasses are not the same as regular sunglasses. 91 00:04:26,132 --> 00:04:27,100 No, they're not safe. 92 00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:29,202 Solar viewers are thousands of times 93 00:04:29,202 --> 00:04:31,504 darker and will have a specific certification 94 00:04:31,504 --> 00:04:34,073 that you should look for right here. 95 00:04:34,073 --> 00:04:37,243 Don't be a space cowboy and try to look directly at the sun. 96 00:04:37,243 --> 00:04:39,112 If you don't have Eclipse glasses, 97 00:04:39,112 --> 00:04:40,980 you can use an indirect viewing method 98 00:04:40,980 --> 00:04:42,548 like a pinhole projector. 99 00:04:42,548 --> 00:04:44,150 You can make one of these with something 100 00:04:44,150 --> 00:04:48,788 as simple as an index card with a hole or a calendar, 101 00:04:49,322 --> 00:04:51,758 or even your hands with a sun at your back. 102 00:04:51,758 --> 00:04:53,660 You can safely project an image of the sun 103 00:04:53,660 --> 00:04:56,963 through the hole onto a nearby surface, like the ground. 104 00:04:57,297 --> 00:04:58,331 It's going to be me 105 00:04:58,331 --> 00:05:01,734 who is wearing my eclipse glasses, and so are you. 106 00:05:05,905 --> 00:05:06,339 Okay. 107 00:05:06,339 --> 00:05:08,608 We are already seeing a lot of questions 108 00:05:08,608 --> 00:05:10,843 pouring in online from our viewers watching. 109 00:05:10,843 --> 00:05:13,379 So let's jump right into this Q&A. 110 00:05:13,379 --> 00:05:14,881 Now, remember, if you're watching live, 111 00:05:14,881 --> 00:05:15,481 you can submit 112 00:05:15,481 --> 00:05:18,818 your own questions for Gina using the hashtag ask 113 00:05:18,818 --> 00:05:21,821 NASA or by posting them in the comments. 114 00:05:21,821 --> 00:05:23,756 Wherever you're watching today. 115 00:05:23,756 --> 00:05:27,593 All righty, Gina, our first question is from. 116 00:05:28,661 --> 00:05:29,495 it actually looks like. 117 00:05:29,495 --> 00:05:31,798 So we've got kind of a group question here. Okay. 118 00:05:31,798 --> 00:05:34,267 It looks like a lot of people watching 119 00:05:34,267 --> 00:05:36,903 are asking about notices that may have been issued 120 00:05:36,903 --> 00:05:40,807 in certain areas with guidance on how to prepare for crowds 121 00:05:41,107 --> 00:05:45,978 and preventative measures meant to reduce traffic. 122 00:05:46,245 --> 00:05:47,313 Could you give us a little bit 123 00:05:47,313 --> 00:05:50,450 more info on how to best prepare for April 8th? 124 00:05:50,616 --> 00:05:51,384 Sure. 125 00:05:51,384 --> 00:05:54,220 So as you said earlier to hear it along 126 00:05:54,220 --> 00:05:57,323 the path of totality, we have about 31 million 127 00:05:57,323 --> 00:06:00,393 people which I spoke to say it's already crowded to begin with. 128 00:06:00,393 --> 00:06:01,194 And of course, we'll have people 129 00:06:01,194 --> 00:06:03,763 traveling into that area to make it even more crowded. 130 00:06:03,763 --> 00:06:04,464 So, you know, 131 00:06:04,464 --> 00:06:06,599 just think of the preventative measures that you can take 132 00:06:06,599 --> 00:06:08,167 in case you get stuck in traffic. 133 00:06:08,167 --> 00:06:10,236 So make sure you have gas in the tank. 134 00:06:10,236 --> 00:06:11,471 Make sure if 135 00:06:11,471 --> 00:06:14,107 you have a battery operated car, you you've charged up, 136 00:06:14,107 --> 00:06:15,975 you have some extra food and water with you. 137 00:06:15,975 --> 00:06:19,178 If there are traffic lines, you know, just be prepared 138 00:06:19,178 --> 00:06:22,181 to have patience and wait a little bit for that. 139 00:06:22,248 --> 00:06:23,082 Thank you, Gina. 140 00:06:23,082 --> 00:06:26,085 And so we have an our next question is from 141 00:06:26,486 --> 00:06:29,689 a user on Facebook who wants to know what science 142 00:06:29,689 --> 00:06:32,692 will be done during the total solar eclipse. 143 00:06:32,892 --> 00:06:33,393 Right. 144 00:06:33,393 --> 00:06:35,728 The one of the things that we're most excited for it 145 00:06:35,728 --> 00:06:38,731 now is actually performing different science experiments 146 00:06:38,731 --> 00:06:39,966 during the eclipse. 147 00:06:39,966 --> 00:06:41,100 Now, a favorite 148 00:06:41,100 --> 00:06:46,105 that I like to talk about is that we're using NASA's WB 57 149 00:06:46,272 --> 00:06:49,342 high altitude research jet to perform some experiments. 150 00:06:49,575 --> 00:06:53,613 So the goal the jets going to fly across a path of totality 151 00:06:53,713 --> 00:06:54,113 so that 152 00:06:54,113 --> 00:06:55,715 it gets a little bit longer 153 00:06:55,715 --> 00:06:57,884 in totality than if you were just standing on the ground. 154 00:06:57,884 --> 00:07:00,319 And what that means is that the instruments on board 155 00:07:00,319 --> 00:07:04,090 are going to look up at the solar corona and take images 156 00:07:04,290 --> 00:07:07,293 so that we can study the composition of the corona. 157 00:07:07,393 --> 00:07:10,396 Understand how particles are accelerated and charged 158 00:07:10,563 --> 00:07:14,434 and also be able to study dust that is around the sun 159 00:07:14,434 --> 00:07:16,269 that we can't really understand when we look 160 00:07:16,269 --> 00:07:18,204 at just on a day to day basis either. 161 00:07:18,204 --> 00:07:20,473 And so and this is only an experiment 162 00:07:20,473 --> 00:07:22,842 that can be done during a total solar eclipse. 163 00:07:22,842 --> 00:07:23,810 Is that right? Right. 164 00:07:23,810 --> 00:07:27,380 So so we do have instruments called coronagraph 165 00:07:27,413 --> 00:07:29,849 that are essentially artificial eclipses, 166 00:07:29,849 --> 00:07:31,617 and they will block out the sun 167 00:07:31,617 --> 00:07:33,519 so that we can study the corona. 168 00:07:33,519 --> 00:07:36,389 But the way that the light bends around these coronagraph, 169 00:07:36,389 --> 00:07:40,092 we can't actually get deep down into the corona itself 170 00:07:40,092 --> 00:07:41,928 in that lower part of it. 171 00:07:41,928 --> 00:07:44,997 So for the total solar eclipse that happens naturally, 172 00:07:45,164 --> 00:07:47,066 it allows us to get down into the 173 00:07:47,066 --> 00:07:50,169 the lower part of the corona, which means this is one of 174 00:07:50,169 --> 00:07:53,172 the only times that we can study this area of the sun. 175 00:07:53,473 --> 00:07:54,674 That is amazing. 176 00:07:54,674 --> 00:07:57,677 And so we have our next question on Jordan 177 00:07:57,743 --> 00:07:59,245 from Jordan on YouTube. 178 00:07:59,245 --> 00:08:00,313 Who wants to know 179 00:08:00,313 --> 00:08:03,816 why is it bad to view a solar eclipse directly? 180 00:08:04,183 --> 00:08:06,452 Okay. Thanks for that question, Jordan. 181 00:08:06,452 --> 00:08:09,989 So so we want to be really careful about eye safety 182 00:08:10,289 --> 00:08:12,992 during any eclipse or even on a day to day basis. 183 00:08:12,992 --> 00:08:14,193 You don't want to look at the sun 184 00:08:14,193 --> 00:08:17,296 so that you're not causing any permanent damage to your eyes. 185 00:08:17,597 --> 00:08:20,399 Now, the way that it works for a total solar eclipse 186 00:08:20,399 --> 00:08:23,236 is that during the partial phases 187 00:08:23,236 --> 00:08:24,403 you need to have 188 00:08:24,403 --> 00:08:27,406 the proper safety viewing that we just heard about. 189 00:08:27,573 --> 00:08:30,109 You can have the eclipse viewing glasses. 190 00:08:30,109 --> 00:08:31,978 You can make a pinhole projector, 191 00:08:31,978 --> 00:08:35,414 and you need to use that to see the partial eclipse if you are 192 00:08:35,414 --> 00:08:38,417 in the path of totality during totality. 193 00:08:38,618 --> 00:08:40,820 You don't need to have those glasses. 194 00:08:40,820 --> 00:08:42,989 You can look directly up at the sky 195 00:08:42,989 --> 00:08:44,991 and see the sun because it will be blocked. 196 00:08:44,991 --> 00:08:46,459 So you're just looking at that corona. 197 00:08:46,459 --> 00:08:47,426 You're not actually going to be 198 00:08:47,426 --> 00:08:49,962 looking at the sun, but only for totality. 199 00:08:49,962 --> 00:08:52,164 And I have a great follow up from Mouse 200 00:08:52,164 --> 00:08:53,466 seven, five, seven on YouTube. 201 00:08:53,466 --> 00:08:57,537 Who wants to know where is the path of totality for this event? 202 00:08:57,803 --> 00:08:58,571 Okay. 203 00:08:58,571 --> 00:09:02,742 You can go to the NASA's website, go dot NASA.gov, 204 00:09:02,775 --> 00:09:06,078 slash Eclipse Explorer, and it will show you the map 205 00:09:06,078 --> 00:09:09,081 so that you can actually see where totality is located. 206 00:09:09,115 --> 00:09:13,419 But across the U.S., it will stretch beginning down in Texas 207 00:09:14,053 --> 00:09:15,855 all the way through Ohio. 208 00:09:15,855 --> 00:09:17,757 We'll have a station in Cleveland 209 00:09:17,757 --> 00:09:19,058 doing the broadcast, too. 210 00:09:19,058 --> 00:09:20,426 And then up upcoming as well. 211 00:09:20,426 --> 00:09:23,262 Yeah, exactly. And thank you for that. 212 00:09:23,262 --> 00:09:25,398 And then our next question is from Matthew 213 00:09:25,398 --> 00:09:27,066 Henson on YouTube, who asks, 214 00:09:27,066 --> 00:09:31,170 What happens to the moon and the sun as seen from Earth 215 00:09:32,538 --> 00:09:33,573 during the eclipse? 216 00:09:33,573 --> 00:09:37,777 So we have the sun in the sky and the moon will be crossing 217 00:09:37,777 --> 00:09:39,045 in front of the sun. 218 00:09:39,045 --> 00:09:40,646 So when you're when you're looking up 219 00:09:40,646 --> 00:09:43,716 at the sky with your proper safety gear, what you'll see 220 00:09:43,716 --> 00:09:47,219 is that the sun slowly becomes covered by the moon. 221 00:09:47,553 --> 00:09:49,388 And that's the that's our perspective 222 00:09:49,388 --> 00:09:51,457 from the surface of the earth, basically, is that 223 00:09:51,457 --> 00:09:52,858 we're going to see the sun 224 00:09:52,858 --> 00:09:55,861 disappear as the moon moves in front of it. 225 00:09:56,062 --> 00:09:59,131 That is so cool too, that the moon is just the right size, 226 00:09:59,165 --> 00:10:00,666 you know, to cover the sun. 227 00:10:00,666 --> 00:10:02,401 Yes. During this event. 228 00:10:02,401 --> 00:10:05,037 And so we have a lot of Franklin on YouTube. 229 00:10:05,037 --> 00:10:08,040 Who wants to know how long will the eclipse last? 230 00:10:08,975 --> 00:10:11,444 So if you're in the path of totality, 231 00:10:11,444 --> 00:10:15,481 maximum totality will be around four and a half minutes long. 232 00:10:15,848 --> 00:10:19,719 It depends, though, where you even fall within that path. 233 00:10:19,719 --> 00:10:21,621 If you're on the edges, it could be a little shorter. 234 00:10:21,621 --> 00:10:22,421 You want to be kind of 235 00:10:22,421 --> 00:10:24,156 as deep within it as you can, 236 00:10:24,156 --> 00:10:26,258 and then you'll get that maximum totality. 237 00:10:26,258 --> 00:10:29,228 But I will say that this eclipse that we're having coming up 238 00:10:29,228 --> 00:10:32,398 in April totality is lasting longer than it did 239 00:10:32,398 --> 00:10:35,935 in 2017 when we had the eclipse across America as well. 240 00:10:35,968 --> 00:10:37,003 Do you know why? 241 00:10:37,003 --> 00:10:39,005 So it just has to do with kind of where 242 00:10:39,005 --> 00:10:42,642 the moon is in its orbit, how far it is away from the sun. 243 00:10:42,875 --> 00:10:46,746 And for that one in 2017, maximum totality 244 00:10:46,746 --> 00:10:48,881 was only about 2 minutes, a little bit more than that. 245 00:10:48,881 --> 00:10:50,549 So we're almost doubled. 246 00:10:50,549 --> 00:10:53,352 man, that's so that is so cool to know. 247 00:10:53,352 --> 00:10:56,956 So our next question is from a viewer on who wants to know 248 00:10:57,156 --> 00:11:00,159 what tips do you have of taking pictures of eclipses? 249 00:11:00,826 --> 00:11:01,293 Okay. 250 00:11:01,293 --> 00:11:06,132 Well, if you are taking pictures of eclipses during totality, 251 00:11:06,432 --> 00:11:07,400 you can use your phone. 252 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:08,034 That's fine. 253 00:11:08,034 --> 00:11:10,236 The same way that we can look at the eclipse 254 00:11:10,236 --> 00:11:12,571 with our eyes during totality only. 255 00:11:12,571 --> 00:11:14,874 You can also use your phone to take pictures 256 00:11:14,874 --> 00:11:16,242 now at any other part. 257 00:11:16,242 --> 00:11:19,045 You need to have a proper solar filter 258 00:11:19,045 --> 00:11:20,846 in order to take those photographs. 259 00:11:20,846 --> 00:11:23,816 So not during a partial eclipse. Correct. Yeah. 260 00:11:23,816 --> 00:11:25,418 Any time. Okay. 261 00:11:25,418 --> 00:11:28,487 So our next question is from Ryan on YouTube, who asks, 262 00:11:28,721 --> 00:11:31,724 When was the last eclipse and when is the next one? 263 00:11:32,091 --> 00:11:33,092 Okay. 264 00:11:33,092 --> 00:11:35,194 It depends on how you define eclipse. 265 00:11:35,194 --> 00:11:38,197 So in this context, let's talk about total. 266 00:11:38,330 --> 00:11:40,366 Total eclipse is a total solar eclipse. 267 00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:44,236 So the last one that crosses the US, as I just 268 00:11:44,236 --> 00:11:48,207 mentioned, was in 2017, and I was actually fortunate 269 00:11:48,207 --> 00:11:49,775 enough to see that myself. 270 00:11:49,775 --> 00:11:51,777 So I was really glad to see it. Yeah. 271 00:11:51,777 --> 00:11:53,746 So the next one coming up though, isn't 272 00:11:53,746 --> 00:11:56,949 for another 20 years in the across the U.S. 273 00:11:56,949 --> 00:11:58,517 So you'll have to really 274 00:11:58,517 --> 00:12:00,853 take advantage of this one unless you want to take it 275 00:12:00,853 --> 00:12:03,122 from now. Yeah, absolutely. 276 00:12:03,122 --> 00:12:06,158 And so actually, this is one of my favorite questions. 277 00:12:06,158 --> 00:12:08,828 We have Pouliot on Wilber on YouTube. 278 00:12:08,828 --> 00:12:12,264 Who wants to know, Do animals react in a certain way? 279 00:12:12,264 --> 00:12:12,498 You know, 280 00:12:12,498 --> 00:12:14,934 what are some of these changes that we can expect 281 00:12:14,934 --> 00:12:17,203 during a total solar eclipse? Right. 282 00:12:17,203 --> 00:12:20,673 When when the eclipse is taking place, it really gives 283 00:12:20,673 --> 00:12:24,944 that feeling of dusk and nature reacts as if it is dusk. 284 00:12:25,144 --> 00:12:28,147 So if you have the opportunity to view the eclipse 285 00:12:28,314 --> 00:12:31,317 also in more of a quiet place where you can appreciate nature, 286 00:12:31,684 --> 00:12:33,252 you might be able to see the birds 287 00:12:33,252 --> 00:12:35,654 flying back into the trees to nest for the night, 288 00:12:35,654 --> 00:12:38,090 or you can hear the crickets come out and chirp 289 00:12:38,090 --> 00:12:39,492 and just kind of look around 290 00:12:39,492 --> 00:12:42,061 and watch nature, because it really does 291 00:12:42,061 --> 00:12:45,064 react to to what's going on with the eclipse. 292 00:12:45,297 --> 00:12:47,767 It is so cool to think about to, you know, that this is just 293 00:12:47,767 --> 00:12:51,036 like a multi-sensory experience for everybody. 294 00:12:51,036 --> 00:12:51,370 Right. 295 00:12:51,370 --> 00:12:55,274 And so our next question is another, I'd say, 296 00:12:55,274 --> 00:12:56,509 group question. 297 00:12:56,509 --> 00:12:56,909 We are 298 00:12:56,909 --> 00:13:00,546 getting a lot of questions about the timing of the eclipse 299 00:13:00,846 --> 00:13:03,549 in specific areas around the country. 300 00:13:03,549 --> 00:13:04,683 And, you know, actually, 301 00:13:04,683 --> 00:13:06,852 luckily, NASA's got us covered with that 302 00:13:06,852 --> 00:13:09,822 with an incredible tool to help with just this. 303 00:13:09,989 --> 00:13:10,890 As Gina mentioned 304 00:13:10,890 --> 00:13:13,893 earlier, it’s called the Eclipse Explorer map. 305 00:13:14,126 --> 00:13:17,496 And our friend James Trailie is 306 00:13:17,496 --> 00:13:18,631 back here and he's going to walk 307 00:13:18,631 --> 00:13:21,867 how we're going to use this new map to prepare for April 8th. 308 00:13:23,502 --> 00:13:24,503 Have you ever wondered how to 309 00:13:24,503 --> 00:13:27,506 track a solar eclipse down to the exact second? 310 00:13:27,673 --> 00:13:29,408 NASA has you covered for the April 311 00:13:29,408 --> 00:13:31,777 8th, 2024 for total solar eclipse 312 00:13:31,777 --> 00:13:34,246 that would be sweeping across North America. 313 00:13:34,246 --> 00:13:35,214 I'm James Tralie, 314 00:13:35,214 --> 00:13:36,348 and I'm going to walk you through 315 00:13:36,348 --> 00:13:39,618 how to use NASA's Eclipse Explorer, an interactive 316 00:13:39,618 --> 00:13:42,721 map designed to help you plan your eclipse viewing experience. 317 00:13:43,289 --> 00:13:46,258 This interactive map offers layers of detail that you can 318 00:13:46,258 --> 00:13:50,329 toggle on or off to explore each facet at your own pace. 319 00:13:50,863 --> 00:13:55,401 Visit Go.NASA.gov/ Eclipse Explorer. 320 00:13:55,935 --> 00:13:58,304 Today, I'm showing you how to prepare for the April 8th 321 00:13:58,304 --> 00:14:01,073 total solar eclipse. So let's jump in. 322 00:14:01,073 --> 00:14:03,475 This is the map with the eclipse path. 323 00:14:03,475 --> 00:14:04,910 A menu should appear on the left, 324 00:14:04,910 --> 00:14:06,312 which you can expand or collapse 325 00:14:06,312 --> 00:14:08,981 with this little arrow that you see right here. 326 00:14:08,981 --> 00:14:09,782 With this menu, 327 00:14:09,782 --> 00:14:12,484 you can manipulate the map in a lot of ways. 328 00:14:12,484 --> 00:14:14,687 But I first want to show you how you can look up 329 00:14:14,687 --> 00:14:17,289 what the eclipse will look like in your location 330 00:14:17,289 --> 00:14:18,791 and the timing of when you should look up 331 00:14:18,791 --> 00:14:21,193 with proper eye protection. Of course. 332 00:14:21,193 --> 00:14:22,628 I'm at NASA's Goddard in Greenbelt, 333 00:14:22,628 --> 00:14:23,329 Maryland right now, 334 00:14:23,329 --> 00:14:26,332 so I'm going to type that into our zip code city bar 335 00:14:26,365 --> 00:14:27,066 and hit enter 336 00:14:28,567 --> 00:14:28,801 and it 337 00:14:28,801 --> 00:14:31,804 will snap right to our location, Greenbelt, Maryland. 338 00:14:31,804 --> 00:14:32,304 And you'll notice 339 00:14:32,304 --> 00:14:33,706 when the map zoomed in, it displayed 340 00:14:33,706 --> 00:14:36,642 a box with information about what it will see and when. 341 00:14:36,642 --> 00:14:37,977 In my location, 342 00:14:37,977 --> 00:14:40,279 you can click on the various phases of the eclipse 343 00:14:40,279 --> 00:14:42,047 with these little icons right here 344 00:14:42,047 --> 00:14:43,349 to see what the sun would look like 345 00:14:43,349 --> 00:14:45,551 at different points during the eclipse. 346 00:14:45,551 --> 00:14:47,253 The map also includes information 347 00:14:47,253 --> 00:14:49,622 about the current weather and cloud coverage, 348 00:14:49,622 --> 00:14:50,623 along with a countdown 349 00:14:50,623 --> 00:14:52,124 to the maximum eclipse 350 00:14:52,124 --> 00:14:55,127 and the percent of the sun that will be covered in your area. 351 00:14:55,561 --> 00:14:57,963 If you're located in the path of totality 352 00:14:57,963 --> 00:15:00,833 or you have the chance to see the total solar eclipse, 353 00:15:00,833 --> 00:15:03,102 your information box will have a special feature 354 00:15:03,102 --> 00:15:05,037 when you click on the maximum eclipse. 355 00:15:05,037 --> 00:15:05,971 To demo that, 356 00:15:05,971 --> 00:15:08,240 let me go over to Cleveland, Ohio, 357 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:10,009 which is in the path of totality. 358 00:15:10,009 --> 00:15:11,777 And snap that up here for you. 359 00:15:11,777 --> 00:15:12,978 So in the spot where we saw 360 00:15:12,978 --> 00:15:14,947 the percent of the sun covered in Greenbelt, 361 00:15:14,947 --> 00:15:17,249 now instead there's the duration of totality, 362 00:15:17,249 --> 00:15:20,252 which for Cleveland is 3 minutes and 49 seconds. 363 00:15:20,319 --> 00:15:23,155 That's when the moon will completely block the sun. 364 00:15:23,155 --> 00:15:24,823 And when I click on the time of totality 365 00:15:24,823 --> 00:15:26,125 and to be precise, for Cleveland, 366 00:15:26,125 --> 00:15:28,861 it's three 13:45 p.m.. 367 00:15:28,861 --> 00:15:32,831 You see it snaps directly to what the sun's upper 368 00:15:32,831 --> 00:15:35,200 atmosphere called the corona will look like from Earth. 369 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:37,736 A total solar eclipse is the only time we can see 370 00:15:37,736 --> 00:15:40,172 this faint region of the sun with our own eyes. 371 00:15:40,172 --> 00:15:42,541 The corona also holds clues for scientists 372 00:15:42,541 --> 00:15:45,044 about the sun's behavior and activity. 373 00:15:45,044 --> 00:15:46,879 Some other cool features include the ability 374 00:15:46,879 --> 00:15:49,148 to use the slider bar that you see right here 375 00:15:49,148 --> 00:15:52,318 to move the moon's shadow across the path of totality. 376 00:15:52,418 --> 00:15:53,619 You can see it sliding like that 377 00:15:54,653 --> 00:15:56,889 on April 8th when the eclipse is happening. 378 00:15:56,889 --> 00:15:59,658 You can select this live button that's right here. 379 00:15:59,658 --> 00:16:02,661 And it will track the eclipse in real time 380 00:16:02,728 --> 00:16:04,263 by clicking the percent coverage. 381 00:16:04,263 --> 00:16:07,232 That's right here. I can zoom out a little bit to show this. 382 00:16:07,232 --> 00:16:08,133 You can see 383 00:16:08,133 --> 00:16:09,168 just how much of the sun 384 00:16:09,168 --> 00:16:11,203 will be covered by the moon in any given area, 385 00:16:11,203 --> 00:16:13,105 even outside that path of totality. 386 00:16:13,105 --> 00:16:13,706 And remember, 387 00:16:13,706 --> 00:16:15,040 it is only safe to look 388 00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:18,043 directly at the sun without eye protection during totality 389 00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:21,213 at all other times, including when the sun isn't blocked 390 00:16:21,213 --> 00:16:21,814 at all. 391 00:16:21,814 --> 00:16:23,649 And during a partial solar eclipse, 392 00:16:23,649 --> 00:16:25,284 you should wear eclipse glasses 393 00:16:25,284 --> 00:16:28,687 or view through an indirect method like a pinhole projector. 394 00:16:29,188 --> 00:16:30,823 For safety tips from NASA. 395 00:16:30,823 --> 00:16:34,727 Visit go.NASA.gov /Eclipse Eyes Safety. 396 00:16:35,327 --> 00:16:37,663 There are many more layers and features to dive into 397 00:16:37,663 --> 00:16:39,264 on the Eclipse Explorer map, 398 00:16:39,264 --> 00:16:40,933 so I encourage you to take a look 399 00:16:40,933 --> 00:16:42,568 to prepare before the total solar 400 00:16:42,568 --> 00:16:45,571 eclipse crosses North America on April 8th. 401 00:16:45,637 --> 00:16:47,606 And join me, along with other NASA's 402 00:16:47,606 --> 00:16:49,808 science communicators and experts on April 8th 403 00:16:49,808 --> 00:16:52,144 for the NASA broadcast starting at 1 p.m. 404 00:16:52,144 --> 00:16:53,212 Eastern time. 405 00:16:53,212 --> 00:16:53,912 We'll be taking you 406 00:16:53,912 --> 00:16:56,915 with us as the eclipse moves across the country. 407 00:16:56,982 --> 00:16:59,251 Thank you and enjoy the total solar eclipse. 408 00:17:01,620 --> 00:17:03,355 Impressive right now. 409 00:17:03,355 --> 00:17:06,525 You can access this map from the comfort of your own home 410 00:17:06,792 --> 00:17:10,062 and witness the eclipse journey in real time on April 8th 411 00:17:10,295 --> 00:17:14,733 by visiting Go.NASA.gov /Eclipse Explorer. 412 00:17:15,567 --> 00:17:18,504 Now, Gina, this map is one way for folks 413 00:17:18,504 --> 00:17:20,372 at home to get involved in the eclipse. 414 00:17:20,372 --> 00:17:22,274 But I understand there are some other ways 415 00:17:22,274 --> 00:17:24,777 that people can play a true hands on role 416 00:17:24,777 --> 00:17:26,178 in this April 8th event. 417 00:17:26,178 --> 00:17:28,747 Can you tell us a little bit more about those? Right. 418 00:17:28,747 --> 00:17:31,750 We have different projects among NASA 419 00:17:31,850 --> 00:17:33,552 where the public can get involved 420 00:17:33,552 --> 00:17:36,221 in order to really contribute to our understanding 421 00:17:36,221 --> 00:17:38,357 of the eclipse and eclipse science. 422 00:17:38,357 --> 00:17:40,793 So two of those projects that I want to talk about, 423 00:17:40,793 --> 00:17:44,730 the first one is Globe Observer, and with Globe Observer, 424 00:17:44,730 --> 00:17:46,732 you download the app to your phone. 425 00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:47,900 You need a thermometer 426 00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:50,335 and what you do is you actually take measurements 427 00:17:50,335 --> 00:17:53,072 before, during and after the eclipse 428 00:17:53,072 --> 00:17:54,706 of the temperature where you are, 429 00:17:54,706 --> 00:17:57,509 you record it in the app. You also take pictures. 430 00:17:57,509 --> 00:18:00,045 It is it's very simple for people at home to do. 431 00:18:00,045 --> 00:18:02,581 You take pictures of cloud coverage as well, 432 00:18:02,581 --> 00:18:03,949 because what that's doing 433 00:18:03,949 --> 00:18:05,284 is it's reporting 434 00:18:05,284 --> 00:18:08,787 the conditions local to you so that we can understand 435 00:18:09,054 --> 00:18:12,424 what changes the sun is actually having on our atmosphere 436 00:18:12,524 --> 00:18:13,826 during the eclipse. 437 00:18:13,826 --> 00:18:17,062 So that's one of the projects where anybody in the public 438 00:18:17,062 --> 00:18:18,097 can get involved. 439 00:18:18,097 --> 00:18:20,199 Now, the other one is called Sun Sketcher, 440 00:18:20,199 --> 00:18:23,168 and this one once again requires an app from your phone 441 00:18:23,168 --> 00:18:24,236 that you download 442 00:18:24,236 --> 00:18:26,738 and you're going to put your phone down 443 00:18:26,738 --> 00:18:29,908 and actually just let it take pictures during the eclipse. 444 00:18:29,908 --> 00:18:34,113 And what it will do is focus on the Bailey's beads that form. 445 00:18:34,113 --> 00:18:35,781 So that's kind of the light that you see 446 00:18:35,781 --> 00:18:38,784 peeking around the moon as it's covering the sun. 447 00:18:39,184 --> 00:18:41,854 And those Bailey beads are the light coming through 448 00:18:41,854 --> 00:18:44,356 kind of the peaks and valleys on the moon, 449 00:18:44,356 --> 00:18:47,159 where it helps us to understand the size of the sun 450 00:18:47,159 --> 00:18:49,061 and the shape of the sun and really kind of 451 00:18:49,061 --> 00:18:51,730 what's going on there with the structure of the sun. 452 00:18:51,730 --> 00:18:53,031 And so with that one, again, 453 00:18:53,031 --> 00:18:54,700 just a simple app that you download. 454 00:18:54,700 --> 00:18:55,968 You leave your phone, go, 455 00:18:55,968 --> 00:18:57,936 and it takes the measurements for you. 456 00:18:57,936 --> 00:18:59,538 I mean, technology these days, you know? 457 00:18:59,538 --> 00:18:59,872 Right. 458 00:18:59,872 --> 00:19:02,307 Like it it just completely fascinates me 459 00:19:02,307 --> 00:19:05,144 that you can do NASA's science from your cell phone. 460 00:19:05,144 --> 00:19:06,945 And if you're interested in learning more 461 00:19:06,945 --> 00:19:09,081 about these projects that Gina just mentioned 462 00:19:09,081 --> 00:19:12,084 or other ways that you can do NASA's Science visit, 463 00:19:12,251 --> 00:19:16,188 go dot nasa.gov forward slash do eclipse science. 464 00:19:16,822 --> 00:19:17,422 Now, Gina, 465 00:19:17,422 --> 00:19:18,257 not only will 466 00:19:18,257 --> 00:19:19,491 we be able to witness 467 00:19:19,491 --> 00:19:23,328 a total solar eclipse on April 8th, I've heard that for 468 00:19:23,562 --> 00:19:25,597 for those in the path of totality, 469 00:19:25,597 --> 00:19:28,967 you could also see some other things in the sky around that. 470 00:19:28,967 --> 00:19:29,835 That's right. 471 00:19:29,835 --> 00:19:32,504 Could you tell us a little bit about what we could expect? 472 00:19:32,504 --> 00:19:33,238 Sure. 473 00:19:33,238 --> 00:19:35,140 So we actually have the opportunity 474 00:19:35,140 --> 00:19:38,410 to see some planets out in the sky during totality, 475 00:19:38,544 --> 00:19:41,747 because when totality occurs, it's going to cover up the sun 476 00:19:41,947 --> 00:19:43,615 and it makes the sky darker. 477 00:19:43,615 --> 00:19:46,652 So we have the opportunity, as you see on the screen here, 478 00:19:46,885 --> 00:19:48,420 to see Jupiter. 479 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:50,489 Also, Venus, those are going to be 480 00:19:50,489 --> 00:19:52,991 two of the brightest planets in the sky. 481 00:19:52,991 --> 00:19:54,793 But then right along there, 482 00:19:54,793 --> 00:19:57,829 Mercury, Saturn, Mars, those are all faintly visible. 483 00:19:58,063 --> 00:19:59,598 And then even more exciting, 484 00:19:59,598 --> 00:20:01,633 there's a comet that can be visible. Two. 485 00:20:01,633 --> 00:20:02,801 That's come 12P 486 00:20:02,801 --> 00:20:04,002 It's it's faint. 487 00:20:04,002 --> 00:20:07,773 But depending on how dark your area is and whether you 488 00:20:07,773 --> 00:20:09,141 can see it in the sky. Take a look. 489 00:20:09,141 --> 00:20:12,010 And this will be an interesting planetary alignment. 490 00:20:12,010 --> 00:20:12,978 Absolutely. 491 00:20:12,978 --> 00:20:14,713 And I mean, as if this day wasn't, you know, 492 00:20:14,713 --> 00:20:17,416 rare, exciting enough. Now we've got this planetary alignment. 493 00:20:17,416 --> 00:20:18,617 We've got a comet. Right. 494 00:20:18,617 --> 00:20:21,486 And so fingers crossed on clear skies. 495 00:20:21,486 --> 00:20:24,189 Now we have some more questions coming in. 496 00:20:24,189 --> 00:20:25,624 Let's get to a few of them. Sounds good. 497 00:20:26,792 --> 00:20:27,059 All right. 498 00:20:27,059 --> 00:20:29,394 We have Twilight Link on YouTube. 499 00:20:29,394 --> 00:20:30,929 Who asks? 500 00:20:30,929 --> 00:20:32,564 I heard that some eclipse glasses 501 00:20:32,564 --> 00:20:32,864 don't have 502 00:20:32,864 --> 00:20:35,867 the right specifications to protect your eyes properly. 503 00:20:36,235 --> 00:20:39,471 When shopping for glasses, what specifications do I need 504 00:20:39,471 --> 00:20:41,173 that will protect the eyes? 505 00:20:41,173 --> 00:20:41,840 Sure. 506 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:42,374 When you're 507 00:20:42,374 --> 00:20:43,809 when you're buying those glasses, of course, 508 00:20:43,809 --> 00:20:46,778 you always want to get them from a credible source. 509 00:20:46,778 --> 00:20:49,781 One way to check is there's a standardized number. 510 00:20:49,781 --> 00:20:51,049 It's called the ISO. 511 00:20:51,049 --> 00:20:54,386 You want to look for a number one, two, three, one, two, two. 512 00:20:54,386 --> 00:20:55,487 And I think we have some people 513 00:20:55,487 --> 00:20:58,490 from my NASA team here that can input that in the chart 514 00:20:58,490 --> 00:20:59,625 so that you can make sure 515 00:20:59,625 --> 00:21:01,526 that you're getting those glasses 516 00:21:01,526 --> 00:21:03,528 with the right safety specs as well. 517 00:21:03,528 --> 00:21:04,129 Okay, great. 518 00:21:04,129 --> 00:21:04,796 Thank you. 519 00:21:04,796 --> 00:21:05,564 Thank you for that. 520 00:21:05,564 --> 00:21:08,233 And so our next question is from Antonio 521 00:21:08,233 --> 00:21:11,770 Rabid on YouTube, who asks, Do we need to know? 522 00:21:11,770 --> 00:21:13,071 What do we know 523 00:21:13,071 --> 00:21:16,074 what the weather will be like during the eclipse? 524 00:21:16,141 --> 00:21:16,441 Right. 525 00:21:16,441 --> 00:21:19,411 So the weather will depend on whatever location you're in. 526 00:21:19,411 --> 00:21:20,245 Yeah, but 527 00:21:20,245 --> 00:21:21,446 but we just heard about that 528 00:21:21,446 --> 00:21:24,883 Eclipse Explorer map and that actually has real time 529 00:21:24,883 --> 00:21:26,151 weather information in it 530 00:21:26,151 --> 00:21:28,420 where you go to your location and you can find out 531 00:21:28,420 --> 00:21:30,722 what the weather will be during the eclipse there. 532 00:21:30,722 --> 00:21:33,392 I have a I'd say a good follow up to that 533 00:21:33,392 --> 00:21:37,129 Halloween who all 31 on YouTube asks, Will temperature 534 00:21:37,129 --> 00:21:39,498 change during totality? yes. 535 00:21:39,498 --> 00:21:41,266 So this is something that is 536 00:21:41,266 --> 00:21:43,268 one of the most fun things to experience. 537 00:21:43,268 --> 00:21:44,703 And we experienced this during this. 538 00:21:44,703 --> 00:21:45,637 I know. 539 00:21:45,637 --> 00:21:47,472 It completely blew my mind. Right. 540 00:21:47,472 --> 00:21:49,241 We're shivering up on stage a little bit. 541 00:21:49,241 --> 00:21:50,709 Yeah. The temperature will drop. 542 00:21:50,709 --> 00:21:51,276 You know, 543 00:21:51,276 --> 00:21:53,478 the sun is blocked and the energy, 544 00:21:53,478 --> 00:21:55,614 the heat coming from the sun into the atmosphere, 545 00:21:55,614 --> 00:21:56,715 it changes the atmosphere. 546 00:21:56,715 --> 00:21:59,518 And that's also why we have this Globe Observer 547 00:21:59,518 --> 00:22:01,820 public project that we were talking about 548 00:22:01,820 --> 00:22:03,555 to measure those temperature changes. 549 00:22:03,555 --> 00:22:04,589 So, you know, 550 00:22:04,589 --> 00:22:06,491 there's there's different things that will affect 551 00:22:06,491 --> 00:22:08,593 how much the temperature will change, for instance, 552 00:22:08,593 --> 00:22:10,362 how humid it is in your location, 553 00:22:10,362 --> 00:22:12,397 but you will feel that temperature drop 554 00:22:12,397 --> 00:22:14,800 and it can be as large as 10 to 15 degrees. 555 00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:16,535 Yeah, I mean, even just for what 556 00:22:16,535 --> 00:22:18,570 we experienced with annual, like you said, 557 00:22:18,570 --> 00:22:22,307 I mean, we're like shivering on stage and then for totality 558 00:22:22,307 --> 00:22:24,943 what we expect it to be even a little bit more. 559 00:22:24,943 --> 00:22:27,646 Yeah, probably a little bit more than what we had for annular. 560 00:22:27,646 --> 00:22:30,215 But but even for the annular eclipse, 561 00:22:30,215 --> 00:22:32,150 a majority of the sun was blocked. 562 00:22:32,150 --> 00:22:35,787 So, you know, get chillier in both of those instances. 563 00:22:36,621 --> 00:22:38,023 So I know we touched on this earlier, 564 00:22:38,023 --> 00:22:40,625 but for those of us who are just tuning in and watching, 565 00:22:40,625 --> 00:22:43,028 can you explain again what is the key difference 566 00:22:43,028 --> 00:22:46,531 between an annular solar eclipse and a total solar eclipse? 567 00:22:46,932 --> 00:22:47,366 Right. 568 00:22:47,366 --> 00:22:50,369 And so basically a solar eclipse happens 569 00:22:50,502 --> 00:22:53,205 when the moon crosses in front of the earth, 570 00:22:53,205 --> 00:22:55,107 in between the earth and the sun. 571 00:22:55,107 --> 00:22:56,708 Now, for annular eclipse, 572 00:22:56,708 --> 00:22:59,711 the moon will not be blocking the sun completely. 573 00:22:59,911 --> 00:23:01,947 It's going to leave a ring of fire 574 00:23:01,947 --> 00:23:03,682 because the moon is just a little bit farther 575 00:23:03,682 --> 00:23:04,316 from the earth. 576 00:23:04,316 --> 00:23:07,285 In this case, for the total solar eclipse, 577 00:23:07,285 --> 00:23:10,288 the moon will be slightly closer to the to the earth 578 00:23:10,288 --> 00:23:12,991 and it will block out the sun so that we can see 579 00:23:12,991 --> 00:23:14,893 that upper atmosphere of the sun, 580 00:23:14,893 --> 00:23:18,163 the corona, as the sun is obstructed during that totality. 581 00:23:18,163 --> 00:23:20,399 So so the viewing here that you see on the screen, 582 00:23:20,399 --> 00:23:22,100 that's the main difference in the effects, 583 00:23:22,100 --> 00:23:23,869 whether you get to see the solar corona 584 00:23:23,869 --> 00:23:26,872 or if you're looking at the ring of fire in the sky. 585 00:23:27,038 --> 00:23:28,573 And so we've been touching a lot about, 586 00:23:28,573 --> 00:23:31,610 you know, the path of totality and being in totality 587 00:23:31,610 --> 00:23:33,412 for a total solar eclipse. 588 00:23:33,412 --> 00:23:35,781 And so we've got a few viewers who want to know, 589 00:23:35,781 --> 00:23:36,081 you know 590 00:23:36,081 --> 00:23:36,815 what, if I'm not 591 00:23:36,815 --> 00:23:39,818 in the path of totality, what can I expect on April five? 592 00:23:39,818 --> 00:23:40,152 Yeah. 593 00:23:40,152 --> 00:23:43,422 And, you know, it's just as exciting and spectacular. 594 00:23:43,655 --> 00:23:45,524 If you're not in the path of totality, 595 00:23:45,524 --> 00:23:49,161 you won't get to see the corona because the sun won't be 596 00:23:49,161 --> 00:23:50,295 completely covered, 597 00:23:50,295 --> 00:23:53,265 but you'll still get to experience a partial eclipse. 598 00:23:53,265 --> 00:23:54,766 And depending on where you are, 599 00:23:54,766 --> 00:23:57,102 the amount of that partial eclipse will vary. 600 00:23:57,102 --> 00:23:59,037 You can go to the Eclipse Explorer map 601 00:23:59,037 --> 00:24:01,039 to see just what coverage you have, 602 00:24:01,039 --> 00:24:01,573 but viewing 603 00:24:01,573 --> 00:24:02,474 a partial eclipse 604 00:24:02,474 --> 00:24:03,708 is really exciting too, 605 00:24:03,708 --> 00:24:04,409 and you'll still get 606 00:24:04,409 --> 00:24:05,177 some of those 607 00:24:05,177 --> 00:24:08,246 temperature changes and the changes around you as well. 608 00:24:08,380 --> 00:24:12,284 So whether you're in totality or seeing that partial eclipse, 609 00:24:12,484 --> 00:24:14,286 it's still exciting. Yeah. 610 00:24:15,253 --> 00:24:18,490 So we have Mary Suzman on YouTube. 611 00:24:18,490 --> 00:24:23,061 Who wants to know, will a cell phone disruption expected? 612 00:24:23,061 --> 00:24:24,129 You know, will this affect 613 00:24:24,129 --> 00:24:26,298 any of our communications during the eclipse? 614 00:24:26,298 --> 00:24:28,533 that's a that's a great question. 615 00:24:28,533 --> 00:24:32,604 And so, you know, there is space weather activity 616 00:24:32,604 --> 00:24:35,774 that can disrupt our cell phones when the sun is sending 617 00:24:35,974 --> 00:24:38,210 harmful radiation out into space. 618 00:24:38,210 --> 00:24:38,743 You know, 619 00:24:38,743 --> 00:24:40,879 it can impact the earth's upper atmosphere 620 00:24:40,879 --> 00:24:43,515 and cause minor blips in in cell phone. 621 00:24:43,515 --> 00:24:47,152 However, first of all, we have different things 622 00:24:47,152 --> 00:24:48,653 in place to avoid that. 623 00:24:48,653 --> 00:24:50,355 And specifically during the eclipse, 624 00:24:50,355 --> 00:24:52,657 that's not really something that we have to be worried about. 625 00:24:52,657 --> 00:24:54,693 But I'm glad that people are thinking in that direction. 626 00:24:54,693 --> 00:24:55,961 That's great. Yeah. 627 00:24:55,961 --> 00:24:56,428 And you know, 628 00:24:56,428 --> 00:24:58,864 you mentioned studying space, weather, things like that. 629 00:24:58,864 --> 00:25:01,600 We have another viewer who wants to know 630 00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:04,669 what missions does NASA's have that study, the Sun, 631 00:25:04,936 --> 00:25:07,572 and what mysteries are we hoping to solve? 632 00:25:07,572 --> 00:25:08,406 Okay. 633 00:25:08,406 --> 00:25:12,310 Well, right now, NASA's in the Heliophysics Science division. 634 00:25:12,344 --> 00:25:15,046 We have the Parker Solar Probe Mission. 635 00:25:15,046 --> 00:25:15,947 And this mission 636 00:25:15,947 --> 00:25:19,918 is actually flying into the upper atmosphere of the sun. 637 00:25:19,918 --> 00:25:22,587 So that solar corona that we're talking about viewing 638 00:25:22,587 --> 00:25:23,622 during the eclipse, 639 00:25:23,622 --> 00:25:26,591 Parker actually flies through it and touches it. 640 00:25:26,591 --> 00:25:28,193 And this is the first spacecraft 641 00:25:28,193 --> 00:25:30,161 to ever get this close to the sun. 642 00:25:30,161 --> 00:25:34,299 In fact, on December 24th of this year, it will have its 643 00:25:34,299 --> 00:25:38,503 closest approach flying nine solar radii close to the sun. 644 00:25:38,503 --> 00:25:41,306 And that might sound far, but it's actually the closest 645 00:25:41,306 --> 00:25:43,108 that a spacecraft has ever gotten 646 00:25:43,108 --> 00:25:44,709 so that we can really figure out 647 00:25:44,709 --> 00:25:47,312 how the physics operates in this region. 648 00:25:47,312 --> 00:25:49,981 Okay. Now, nine solar radii. 649 00:25:49,981 --> 00:25:52,851 Can you give us an idea? yeah. 650 00:25:52,851 --> 00:25:55,420 So I'm going to ask my team here to give us some stats on that 651 00:25:55,420 --> 00:25:57,222 and put it in the test just so we can get it 652 00:25:57,222 --> 00:26:00,058 maybe into miles for people to understand. But. 653 00:26:00,058 --> 00:26:02,861 But it is much closer to the sun than we are 654 00:26:02,861 --> 00:26:05,797 so that we can touch the atmosphere there. Awesome. 655 00:26:05,797 --> 00:26:08,366 And so our next question actually, again, has to deal 656 00:26:08,366 --> 00:26:10,268 with the sun and its activity. 657 00:26:10,268 --> 00:26:11,937 It's from Fox McCloud on YouTube. 658 00:26:11,937 --> 00:26:12,837 Who wants to know 659 00:26:12,837 --> 00:26:15,840 what we see solar flares do during the eclipse? 660 00:26:16,541 --> 00:26:18,944 That could very well happen now. 661 00:26:18,944 --> 00:26:23,148 The sun has an 11 year activity cycle where the activity 662 00:26:23,148 --> 00:26:26,918 is ramping up and down, and when it ramps up, we see 663 00:26:26,918 --> 00:26:28,453 more of those solar flares. 664 00:26:28,453 --> 00:26:31,456 We see coronal mass ejections and more. 665 00:26:31,489 --> 00:26:35,493 And right now we are gearing towards solar maximum, 666 00:26:35,493 --> 00:26:38,863 which means we have more of this solar activity happening. 667 00:26:38,997 --> 00:26:41,266 And you can see the explosive flares occurring. 668 00:26:41,266 --> 00:26:44,502 So if we were ever to see some of this activity 669 00:26:44,502 --> 00:26:45,704 during the eclipse, 670 00:26:45,704 --> 00:26:46,871 this would be the time 671 00:26:46,871 --> 00:26:49,240 because we have tons of activity happening. 672 00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:52,644 So fingers crossed with your your solar telescopes 673 00:26:52,644 --> 00:26:55,647 or your viewing that we can see some solar flares erupting. 674 00:26:56,381 --> 00:26:58,683 Is there any certain science 675 00:26:58,683 --> 00:27:02,153 we can only conduct during a total solar eclipse? 676 00:27:02,187 --> 00:27:03,855 This is another viewer on YouTube. 677 00:27:03,855 --> 00:27:05,123 Okay. Right. 678 00:27:05,123 --> 00:27:08,093 So some of the experiments that we have going on with NASA 679 00:27:08,193 --> 00:27:11,196 are things that we can only do during the eclipse. 680 00:27:11,329 --> 00:27:13,098 One project that I'll talk 681 00:27:13,098 --> 00:27:16,835 about is looking at ham radio operations 682 00:27:16,935 --> 00:27:20,372 and actually how the radio signals are impacted 683 00:27:20,805 --> 00:27:22,273 over the atmosphere. 684 00:27:22,273 --> 00:27:24,509 So the radio signals will be sent over the atmosphere. 685 00:27:24,509 --> 00:27:27,412 And during the eclipse, the atmosphere changes. 686 00:27:27,412 --> 00:27:28,613 And what we can do 687 00:27:28,613 --> 00:27:32,083 is have these ham radio operators send their signals 688 00:27:32,250 --> 00:27:35,153 to really understand the impacts of the sun 689 00:27:35,153 --> 00:27:36,388 on the upper atmosphere 690 00:27:36,388 --> 00:27:39,391 and how it might change those radio communications. 691 00:27:40,158 --> 00:27:43,528 And my follow up question, we have Mel on YouTube 692 00:27:43,528 --> 00:27:45,463 who going back to, you know, some eclipse 693 00:27:45,463 --> 00:27:49,668 safety wants to know if we are not in the path of totality, 694 00:27:49,668 --> 00:27:51,503 do you still need to wear those eclipse glasses? 695 00:27:52,671 --> 00:27:54,372 Yes, the short answer is yes. 696 00:27:54,372 --> 00:27:57,342 Actually, if you're not in the path of totality, 697 00:27:57,575 --> 00:28:00,578 you always need to be using those viewing glasses 698 00:28:00,578 --> 00:28:03,381 or kind of your at home products like a calendar 699 00:28:03,381 --> 00:28:06,384 that allows the sun's light to come through the holes. 700 00:28:06,584 --> 00:28:08,920 You can make your own pinhole projection 701 00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:10,321 something that's really easy. 702 00:28:10,321 --> 00:28:11,923 You can just take your hand and 703 00:28:11,923 --> 00:28:15,226 and kind of weave them together to create your own holes 704 00:28:15,226 --> 00:28:17,128 and put it on the ground towards the ground. 705 00:28:17,128 --> 00:28:19,597 You let the sun come through and you look at the ground. 706 00:28:19,597 --> 00:28:20,799 That's one way to see this. 707 00:28:20,799 --> 00:28:22,233 And what are you seeing on the ground then? 708 00:28:22,233 --> 00:28:23,068 At that point, 709 00:28:23,068 --> 00:28:26,705 you'll actually see what looks like the crescent sun's that. 710 00:28:26,705 --> 00:28:28,273 That is the eclipse that's happening. 711 00:28:28,273 --> 00:28:30,575 So you'll see the partial eclipse being projected 712 00:28:30,575 --> 00:28:31,476 onto the ground. 713 00:28:32,677 --> 00:28:35,680 And so my next question is from 714 00:28:36,247 --> 00:28:36,581 okay, 715 00:28:36,581 --> 00:28:38,149 we have somebody that actually has a follow up 716 00:28:38,149 --> 00:28:40,885 to our conversation earlier about the solar flares. Okay. 717 00:28:40,885 --> 00:28:42,187 So they want to know, 718 00:28:42,187 --> 00:28:45,190 are solar flares dangerous to us on Earth? 719 00:28:45,690 --> 00:28:47,358 Great. this is a great question. 720 00:28:47,358 --> 00:28:48,960 So the Earth 721 00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:50,195 has a magnetic field 722 00:28:50,195 --> 00:28:53,898 that shields us from a lot of these, you know, harmful 723 00:28:53,898 --> 00:28:56,234 radiation particles that come from the sun. 724 00:28:56,234 --> 00:28:57,836 So for us, you know, 725 00:28:57,836 --> 00:28:58,803 not first of all, 726 00:28:58,803 --> 00:29:01,940 not every solar flare will be directed towards Earth. 727 00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:03,441 They're direct in all different 728 00:29:03,441 --> 00:29:05,410 directions, towards different planets 729 00:29:05,410 --> 00:29:07,512 or not even towards any planets at all. 730 00:29:07,512 --> 00:29:08,947 The ones that are directed 731 00:29:08,947 --> 00:29:09,948 towards Earth 732 00:29:09,948 --> 00:29:11,516 really are magnetic fields, 733 00:29:11,516 --> 00:29:13,852 and our atmosphere works to shield us 734 00:29:13,852 --> 00:29:15,987 from a majority of those particles. 735 00:29:15,987 --> 00:29:19,324 Now, when we have astronauts in space, we do have 736 00:29:19,524 --> 00:29:22,494 different protective measures that we take to protect them. 737 00:29:22,494 --> 00:29:26,397 We work on predicting when these flares might take place, 738 00:29:26,564 --> 00:29:27,899 when they might arrive, 739 00:29:27,899 --> 00:29:30,902 and our astronauts have radiation covering that. 740 00:29:30,902 --> 00:29:33,638 They can actually shield themselves if they need to. 741 00:29:33,638 --> 00:29:35,473 And so I actually want to stay on that topic. 742 00:29:35,473 --> 00:29:36,508 That's a great follow up, 743 00:29:36,508 --> 00:29:38,643 but I have a great follow up to that topic. 744 00:29:38,643 --> 00:29:41,646 For someone who wants to know, how does the study of the Sun, 745 00:29:41,646 --> 00:29:43,214 I guess, Helio physicists 746 00:29:43,214 --> 00:29:47,018 work with our efforts of sending humans into space 747 00:29:47,018 --> 00:29:49,220 to the moon, you know, and even farther 748 00:29:49,220 --> 00:29:51,322 into the solar system, Right? 749 00:29:51,322 --> 00:29:54,259 Well, personally, some of the research that I do 750 00:29:54,259 --> 00:29:58,163 is on Mars and understanding how the sun impacts Mars. 751 00:29:58,396 --> 00:30:01,199 And we want to understand this because 752 00:30:01,199 --> 00:30:03,968 one day we're aiming to send humans to Mars. 753 00:30:03,968 --> 00:30:07,472 So we really need to understand how this radiation 754 00:30:07,872 --> 00:30:08,773 coming from the sun 755 00:30:08,773 --> 00:30:10,742 or these solar flares that we're talking about, 756 00:30:10,742 --> 00:30:13,144 how they might impact the different planets 757 00:30:13,144 --> 00:30:15,013 we can take data from different NASA's 758 00:30:15,013 --> 00:30:18,249 missions that are studying these planets to really assess 759 00:30:18,383 --> 00:30:21,152 how the atmosphere or a planet's magnetic field 760 00:30:21,152 --> 00:30:24,155 might be impacted by particles coming from the sun. 761 00:30:24,155 --> 00:30:25,690 And then we create tools 762 00:30:25,690 --> 00:30:28,092 that we can use to protect our astronauts 763 00:30:28,092 --> 00:30:29,260 when they go to travel 764 00:30:29,260 --> 00:30:30,929 to other places, such as the moon or Mars. 765 00:30:32,063 --> 00:30:33,164 So another 766 00:30:33,164 --> 00:30:35,366 follow up inspector on YouTube wants to know, 767 00:30:35,366 --> 00:30:37,235 will the International Space Station 768 00:30:37,235 --> 00:30:40,238 be affected by this total solar eclipse then? 769 00:30:41,005 --> 00:30:43,608 If you're for astronauts that are on the space station 770 00:30:43,608 --> 00:30:44,542 during the eclipse, 771 00:30:44,542 --> 00:30:45,844 if it is kind of 772 00:30:45,844 --> 00:30:49,280 crossing over the US region during the time of the eclipse, 773 00:30:49,581 --> 00:30:51,115 the astronauts are able to view it 774 00:30:51,115 --> 00:30:53,017 from a different vantage point. 775 00:30:53,017 --> 00:30:55,453 Now they're looking down at the surface of the earth, 776 00:30:55,453 --> 00:31:00,124 so they would see the moon's shadow moving across earth. 777 00:31:00,425 --> 00:31:00,758 Yeah, 778 00:31:00,758 --> 00:31:02,627 so it's a different perspective than what we're seeing. 779 00:31:02,627 --> 00:31:03,828 You could see it on the screen there. 780 00:31:03,828 --> 00:31:06,331 That's that's from one of the previous eclipses. 781 00:31:06,331 --> 00:31:08,499 That's the moon's shadow actually being cast 782 00:31:08,499 --> 00:31:09,767 onto the surface of Earth. 783 00:31:09,767 --> 00:31:10,235 There you go. 784 00:31:10,235 --> 00:31:12,070 As seen from the space station. 785 00:31:12,070 --> 00:31:15,773 So that's a great view and a unique perspective to have. 786 00:31:15,773 --> 00:31:18,309 That is that is and it's really amazing 787 00:31:18,309 --> 00:31:20,879 that we are able to, you know, have photos 788 00:31:20,879 --> 00:31:23,281 from both the ground and space 789 00:31:23,281 --> 00:31:25,183 with the International Space Station. 790 00:31:25,183 --> 00:31:28,686 And Mary Hart on YouTube wants to know for the total 791 00:31:28,853 --> 00:31:31,122 solar eclipse this year, does NASA's plan 792 00:31:31,122 --> 00:31:33,958 to photograph it from the ground at all? Yes. 793 00:31:33,958 --> 00:31:37,695 So actually, this is something where the public can once again 794 00:31:37,695 --> 00:31:40,031 get involved as long as you have the proper 795 00:31:40,031 --> 00:31:43,801 solar filter and a telescope, you can take pictures of it. 796 00:31:44,903 --> 00:31:46,471 During totality, as we said, 797 00:31:46,471 --> 00:31:48,373 you can use your phone to take pictures of it. 798 00:31:48,373 --> 00:31:49,741 It's safe during totality 799 00:31:49,741 --> 00:31:52,110 to use your phone to take pictures, photographs. 800 00:31:52,110 --> 00:31:55,280 We have amateur astronomers and whatnot as well. 801 00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:58,650 So these are ways that you don't have to be a NASA 802 00:31:58,650 --> 00:32:00,151 scientist to photograph it 803 00:32:00,151 --> 00:32:02,086 as long as you know how to do it safely. 804 00:32:02,086 --> 00:32:05,123 And some of these images are just stunning to look at. 805 00:32:05,623 --> 00:32:06,324 Absolutely. 806 00:32:06,324 --> 00:32:09,427 And I mean, this is another good reminder of the volunteer 807 00:32:09,427 --> 00:32:10,795 project that you mentioned earlier. 808 00:32:10,795 --> 00:32:11,996 Sun sketcher, right, 809 00:32:11,996 --> 00:32:13,531 to where you download, 810 00:32:13,531 --> 00:32:15,600 download an app, put your phone down 811 00:32:15,600 --> 00:32:17,769 and you're able to photograph the eclipse. 812 00:32:17,769 --> 00:32:21,572 Contribute to NASA's science and, you know, enjoy the moment 813 00:32:22,006 --> 00:32:24,742 in the present moment. Yeah. So. 814 00:32:24,742 --> 00:32:25,677 this is a good one. 815 00:32:25,677 --> 00:32:28,212 My next question is what was it like 816 00:32:28,212 --> 00:32:31,182 for you to watch the annular solar eclipse last year? 817 00:32:32,116 --> 00:32:33,985 Well, we were together, so. 818 00:32:33,985 --> 00:32:36,454 I know, I know. That's why I love the page. 819 00:32:36,454 --> 00:32:39,657 I will tell you, my my experience with the annular 820 00:32:39,657 --> 00:32:43,027 eclipse was so much different than the 2017. 821 00:32:43,061 --> 00:32:45,263 Set your first. That was my first year. 822 00:32:45,263 --> 00:32:46,431 That's right. Yeah. 823 00:32:46,431 --> 00:32:50,635 And I will say, viewing it, it almost felt fake. 824 00:32:50,702 --> 00:32:51,736 It didn't seem real 825 00:32:51,736 --> 00:32:54,739 to see the moon kind of coming in the sun. 826 00:32:54,772 --> 00:32:55,206 Yeah. 827 00:32:55,206 --> 00:32:58,743 But on top of that, it was the crowd around us that I remember. 828 00:32:58,743 --> 00:33:01,946 I remember, you know, the minute before and clarity. 829 00:33:02,146 --> 00:33:05,083 People were just so excited and cheering so loudly 830 00:33:05,083 --> 00:33:07,018 that it felt like this experience 831 00:33:07,018 --> 00:33:08,820 that we were all sharing together. 832 00:33:08,820 --> 00:33:11,122 And that was a lot of the fun to it, too. 833 00:33:11,122 --> 00:33:12,490 You know, I think we were talking about 834 00:33:12,490 --> 00:33:14,926 how we got goosebumps during annular. 835 00:33:14,926 --> 00:33:16,194 It was really emotional. 836 00:33:16,194 --> 00:33:19,130 I was not expecting it to be so emotional. 837 00:33:19,130 --> 00:33:20,565 I mean, it was really 838 00:33:20,565 --> 00:33:23,568 just this perspective shift, right, to where you're 839 00:33:24,235 --> 00:33:26,637 you're like, wow, I'm on Earth and we're part of this 840 00:33:26,637 --> 00:33:29,640 larger system that's moving in the universe. 841 00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:32,977 And this will be my first total solar eclipse. 842 00:33:33,044 --> 00:33:35,847 So I'm glad that we get to experience this again together. 843 00:33:35,847 --> 00:33:37,015 Yeah. 844 00:33:37,015 --> 00:33:40,084 So our next question is from Bill Harvard on YouTube. 845 00:33:40,084 --> 00:33:43,087 Who wants to know, will an eclipse like this happen again? 846 00:33:43,721 --> 00:33:44,389 Right. 847 00:33:44,389 --> 00:33:47,392 We will have other total solar eclipses happen. 848 00:33:47,525 --> 00:33:50,561 The next one that will cross across 849 00:33:50,661 --> 00:33:53,931 the United States won't be for another 20 years. 850 00:33:54,132 --> 00:33:56,534 So this will be kind of your last opportunity 851 00:33:56,534 --> 00:33:58,770 for a few decades if you want to see it 852 00:33:58,770 --> 00:34:00,905 within kind of the contiguous U.S. 853 00:34:00,905 --> 00:34:03,608 But eclipses will occur elsewhere. 854 00:34:03,608 --> 00:34:07,845 And, you know, most often it will be over the ocean 855 00:34:07,845 --> 00:34:10,848 just because the earth has more water than land. 856 00:34:10,848 --> 00:34:13,484 But but yeah, we do have total solar eclipse is Now, 857 00:34:13,484 --> 00:34:18,589 one thing that I will add, though, is the moon is slowly 858 00:34:18,623 --> 00:34:21,225 moving away from the earth very slowly, 859 00:34:21,225 --> 00:34:24,462 which means kind of many, many years from now, 860 00:34:24,829 --> 00:34:28,466 there won't be total solar eclipses at Earth once 861 00:34:28,466 --> 00:34:29,634 the moon is far, 862 00:34:29,634 --> 00:34:32,303 far enough away that it can't completely block out the sun. 863 00:34:32,303 --> 00:34:35,273 So it's really special right now that we're able to enjoy this. 864 00:34:35,273 --> 00:34:38,176 But that change will not take place in our lifetime. 865 00:34:38,176 --> 00:34:41,179 Will It will be quite some time until it actually happens. 866 00:34:41,512 --> 00:34:42,914 That is a very fun fact. 867 00:34:42,914 --> 00:34:44,982 That was actually, you know, we have Stephen Pope, 868 00:34:44,982 --> 00:34:47,351 Papa on YouTube who wanted to know, 869 00:34:47,351 --> 00:34:50,054 does that mean in the far future 870 00:34:50,054 --> 00:34:51,622 will eclipses be much different? 871 00:34:51,622 --> 00:34:53,324 And so like you're saying, 872 00:34:53,324 --> 00:34:56,094 there is a day and age where we won't have these 873 00:34:56,094 --> 00:34:57,462 at all anymore. Right. 874 00:34:57,462 --> 00:35:00,498 So we are really here during the right time, 875 00:35:00,531 --> 00:35:03,501 the right moment to witness something like this altogether. 876 00:35:03,501 --> 00:35:03,868 Yeah. 877 00:35:03,868 --> 00:35:06,938 And I mean, the moon, it's moving eight centimeters 878 00:35:07,004 --> 00:35:09,674 per year away. So very, very slow. 879 00:35:09,674 --> 00:35:11,209 We don't have to worry by it. 880 00:35:11,209 --> 00:35:14,212 But if we were on Mars, for example, 881 00:35:14,212 --> 00:35:15,980 Mars has solar eclipses. 882 00:35:15,980 --> 00:35:19,317 When when it's Moon's cross in between Mars and the sun. 883 00:35:19,517 --> 00:35:21,919 However, they're not as fascinating 884 00:35:21,919 --> 00:35:24,255 as our eclipses because they're not total. 885 00:35:24,255 --> 00:35:27,258 It almost looks like a transit of a planet 886 00:35:27,258 --> 00:35:29,494 moving across the sun because it doesn't cover it. 887 00:35:29,494 --> 00:35:31,596 It doesn't cover the sun completely. 888 00:35:31,596 --> 00:35:33,664 So you can just see the moon crossing 889 00:35:33,664 --> 00:35:36,134 and you can almost think of it as an annular eclipse. 890 00:35:36,134 --> 00:35:39,137 But the ring is much bigger than what we see here. 891 00:35:39,237 --> 00:35:42,473 So earlier in the show, you touched on Bailey's beads 892 00:35:42,473 --> 00:35:45,643 and these different different types of things 893 00:35:45,643 --> 00:35:47,178 we might see during today's event. 894 00:35:47,178 --> 00:35:51,182 And we have we have another viewer 895 00:35:51,182 --> 00:35:52,350 that wants to know 896 00:35:52,350 --> 00:35:55,987 about these special features that only happen during a total 897 00:35:55,987 --> 00:35:56,988 solar eclipse. 898 00:35:56,988 --> 00:35:59,157 Can you like the diamond ring effect? 899 00:35:59,157 --> 00:35:59,957 Bailey's beads. 900 00:35:59,957 --> 00:36:02,393 Can you explain those for us? Sure. 901 00:36:02,393 --> 00:36:05,263 So on the surface of the moon, you know, there are craters, 902 00:36:05,263 --> 00:36:07,064 there are peaks, there are valleys. 903 00:36:07,064 --> 00:36:10,635 And when these bailey beads or diamond rings occur, 904 00:36:10,835 --> 00:36:12,069 that's where you see 905 00:36:12,069 --> 00:36:15,072 the light of the sun just kind of piercing through 906 00:36:15,173 --> 00:36:18,976 some of these surface features of the moon and the sun. 907 00:36:19,010 --> 00:36:19,377 The sun 908 00:36:19,377 --> 00:36:22,380 just kind of peaks out in between the peaks in the valleys 909 00:36:22,413 --> 00:36:25,783 so that you can get that shiny diamond ring effect 910 00:36:26,050 --> 00:36:28,920 and and that really helps us to understand 911 00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:31,422 kind of the topography of the moon. 912 00:36:31,422 --> 00:36:33,791 But the moon and and the surface 913 00:36:33,791 --> 00:36:36,327 features have also been studied very well 914 00:36:36,327 --> 00:36:39,463 by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission. 915 00:36:39,664 --> 00:36:42,833 So it's fine to kind of see how we you know, 916 00:36:42,867 --> 00:36:44,735 we make these measurements with our missions, 917 00:36:44,735 --> 00:36:48,005 and then we can also study them during events like the eclipse. 918 00:36:48,606 --> 00:36:50,174 And can you remind us what's the difference 919 00:36:50,174 --> 00:36:52,343 between Bailey's beads and the diamond effect? 920 00:36:52,343 --> 00:36:54,812 Are those the same thing? They're very similar. 921 00:36:54,812 --> 00:36:55,580 Yes. So. 922 00:36:55,580 --> 00:36:57,582 So the diamond ring effect is more of that 923 00:36:57,582 --> 00:37:00,017 kind of wow factor, that brighter shine 924 00:37:00,017 --> 00:37:01,085 where Bailey's beads, 925 00:37:01,085 --> 00:37:03,721 you can see a few of them almost bubbling across 926 00:37:03,721 --> 00:37:05,323 the surface is what it looks like. 927 00:37:05,323 --> 00:37:06,123 So they're similar 928 00:37:06,123 --> 00:37:07,892 and they're caused by similar effects, 929 00:37:07,892 --> 00:37:10,895 but kind of just a difference in their characteristics. 930 00:37:11,596 --> 00:37:14,498 And we have Katie Fisher on Facebook who wants to know, 931 00:37:14,498 --> 00:37:17,802 will the solar total solar eclipse affect the tides? 932 00:37:18,569 --> 00:37:19,003 Okay. 933 00:37:19,003 --> 00:37:20,738 So the total solar eclipse 934 00:37:20,738 --> 00:37:23,774 will not affect the tides really, that that's going to 935 00:37:23,808 --> 00:37:27,511 be affected by the distance that the moon is from the earth. 936 00:37:27,545 --> 00:37:31,415 So so as I said, the moon is slowly moving away 937 00:37:31,415 --> 00:37:33,551 from the earth centimeters every year 938 00:37:33,551 --> 00:37:37,321 now over a greater time scale that will affect the tides, 939 00:37:37,321 --> 00:37:39,991 but not during the total solar eclipse. 940 00:37:39,991 --> 00:37:43,494 And I actually our great team moderating 941 00:37:43,494 --> 00:37:44,695 earlier got us an answer. 942 00:37:44,695 --> 00:37:46,831 You mentioned how Parker Solar Probe. 943 00:37:46,831 --> 00:37:47,365 Great. 944 00:37:47,365 --> 00:37:48,599 On December 24th 945 00:37:48,599 --> 00:37:51,602 is going to make its closest approach to the sun 946 00:37:51,736 --> 00:37:54,505 at about nine solar radii 947 00:37:54,505 --> 00:37:57,508 that is 3.9 million miles. 948 00:37:57,541 --> 00:38:00,544 There we go. Yes, absolutely. 949 00:38:00,611 --> 00:38:04,615 And so our next question is from Lila Coles Avery on Facebook. 950 00:38:04,615 --> 00:38:07,451 Who wants to know, can I look at this safely? 951 00:38:07,451 --> 00:38:11,622 A total solar eclipse through a telescope from North Carolina. 952 00:38:12,423 --> 00:38:12,823 Okay. 953 00:38:12,823 --> 00:38:16,594 So it depends on your location and if you're in the 954 00:38:16,594 --> 00:38:17,595 path of totality. 955 00:38:17,595 --> 00:38:21,332 So check out our Eclipse Explorer map to see 956 00:38:21,332 --> 00:38:25,069 what kind of coverage you'll get if you have to totality, 957 00:38:25,269 --> 00:38:28,873 then you can actually use your telescope to look at the sun 958 00:38:29,040 --> 00:38:30,241 without a filter. 959 00:38:30,241 --> 00:38:33,544 However, if you're in that partial area, 960 00:38:33,544 --> 00:38:34,445 partial eclipse, 961 00:38:34,445 --> 00:38:37,448 then you can use your telescope, but you just need to make sure 962 00:38:37,615 --> 00:38:39,850 that you have that path of totality. 963 00:38:39,850 --> 00:38:41,986 And so as you're looking at the the map here, 964 00:38:41,986 --> 00:38:44,588 showing the path of totality, you know, North 965 00:38:44,588 --> 00:38:47,091 Carolina is going to get that partial eclipse. 966 00:38:47,091 --> 00:38:48,559 So just make sure that you have 967 00:38:48,559 --> 00:38:50,695 a proper filter on your telescope 968 00:38:50,695 --> 00:38:52,663 when you're viewing the eclipse. 969 00:38:52,663 --> 00:38:52,963 Okay. 970 00:38:52,963 --> 00:38:56,500 And still in the same light of viewing, photographing 971 00:38:56,500 --> 00:38:59,737 the eclipse, we have a hat wearing duck on YouTube. 972 00:39:00,137 --> 00:39:01,038 Who asks, 973 00:39:01,038 --> 00:39:04,709 Would it damage my phone camera if I tried to take a timelapse 974 00:39:05,042 --> 00:39:08,346 of the partial eclipse through eclipse glasses? 975 00:39:09,080 --> 00:39:09,480 Okay. 976 00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:12,917 That is one technique that people use is actually. 977 00:39:13,084 --> 00:39:15,086 So you have your eclipse glasses that you can 978 00:39:15,086 --> 00:39:16,153 hold up to your eyes. 979 00:39:16,153 --> 00:39:19,023 Now you can put that in front of your phone 980 00:39:19,023 --> 00:39:21,726 to safely the phone down, put the glasses. 981 00:39:21,726 --> 00:39:23,961 That's what I would recommend. Yeah. 982 00:39:23,961 --> 00:39:24,462 Because 983 00:39:24,462 --> 00:39:26,364 the one thing you don't want to do 984 00:39:26,364 --> 00:39:28,299 is put your glasses onto your phone 985 00:39:28,299 --> 00:39:31,902 and then accidentally, you know, still try to look at the sun 986 00:39:32,036 --> 00:39:32,803 when it's partial. 987 00:39:32,803 --> 00:39:35,339 So you can use those viewing glasses as a filter. 988 00:39:35,339 --> 00:39:36,440 But just be careful. 989 00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:38,676 You know, anytime you're you're doing this. 990 00:39:38,676 --> 00:39:39,877 Absolutely. 991 00:39:39,877 --> 00:39:42,546 And so sticking again, kind of focusing on this 992 00:39:42,546 --> 00:39:43,914 path of totality. 993 00:39:43,914 --> 00:39:46,751 We have James Finn on Facebook who asks, 994 00:39:46,751 --> 00:39:50,254 how dark does it actually get in the path of totality? 995 00:39:50,955 --> 00:39:54,191 It's best described as a dusk feeling. 996 00:39:54,191 --> 00:39:57,461 You'll you'll definitely see the change. 997 00:39:57,461 --> 00:39:58,462 I mean, it's not going to be 998 00:39:58,462 --> 00:40:01,465 completely nighttime because some of the sun's light 999 00:40:01,565 --> 00:40:05,403 will still scattered around the moon and light up 1000 00:40:05,536 --> 00:40:07,238 just a little bit of the atmosphere, 1001 00:40:07,238 --> 00:40:08,472 but it gets pretty dark. 1002 00:40:08,472 --> 00:40:10,207 It's pretty impressive. 1003 00:40:10,207 --> 00:40:11,275 Darker than what we saw 1004 00:40:11,275 --> 00:40:13,477 for the annular eclipse, that's for sure. 1005 00:40:13,477 --> 00:40:14,812 Now, for those of us 1006 00:40:14,812 --> 00:40:18,482 who have not witnessed a total solar eclipse before, 1007 00:40:18,783 --> 00:40:19,183 you know, 1008 00:40:19,183 --> 00:40:19,850 could you 1009 00:40:19,850 --> 00:40:22,853 tell us about your experience seeing one for the first time? 1010 00:40:23,320 --> 00:40:26,023 My my total solar eclipse. 1011 00:40:26,023 --> 00:40:29,026 So I was in Nashville in 2017 1012 00:40:29,260 --> 00:40:32,062 with my family and we were 1013 00:40:32,062 --> 00:40:35,032 we were kind of off the beaten path in the middle of nowhere. 1014 00:40:35,032 --> 00:40:37,201 So we got to really experience 1015 00:40:37,201 --> 00:40:39,370 the nature effect, seeing the birds 1016 00:40:39,370 --> 00:40:41,572 go to the trees, hearing the crickets come out. 1017 00:40:41,572 --> 00:40:45,543 But I do remember once that totality occurred, 1018 00:40:45,643 --> 00:40:47,511 we were all just kind of looking at the sky 1019 00:40:47,511 --> 00:40:50,014 and getting screaming and getting excited, oohing. 1020 00:40:50,014 --> 00:40:53,417 And I think it was it's just something that until you 1021 00:40:53,417 --> 00:40:56,687 experience it, it's really hard to imagine, but it's so great. 1022 00:40:57,054 --> 00:41:00,057 So it's different than looking at a photo of it 1023 00:41:00,057 --> 00:41:01,125 or something like, Yes, 1024 00:41:01,125 --> 00:41:05,162 because as we talked about earlier, it is kind of all 1025 00:41:05,162 --> 00:41:06,163 the senses, right? 1026 00:41:06,163 --> 00:41:10,334 So you're seeing the eclipse, but you're also hearing changes 1027 00:41:10,334 --> 00:41:10,835 in nature. 1028 00:41:10,835 --> 00:41:12,837 You're feeling the temperature drop 1029 00:41:12,837 --> 00:41:14,605 and maybe the winds pick up a little bit. 1030 00:41:14,605 --> 00:41:17,975 In fact, during the the 2017 1031 00:41:17,975 --> 00:41:21,011 eclipse, in my experience, we had some clouds 1032 00:41:21,078 --> 00:41:24,582 start to cover the sky just before totality. 1033 00:41:24,748 --> 00:41:26,417 And then as soon as totality 1034 00:41:26,417 --> 00:41:29,253 hit, those clouds dissipated and went away. 1035 00:41:29,253 --> 00:41:30,354 So we got to see 1036 00:41:30,354 --> 00:41:33,357 the changes on the atmosphere with our eyes as well. 1037 00:41:33,724 --> 00:41:35,960 And we covered this a little bit before, 1038 00:41:35,960 --> 00:41:37,061 but can you tell us 1039 00:41:37,061 --> 00:41:40,197 about some of the experiments that Nassar is running 1040 00:41:40,197 --> 00:41:43,200 and can only run during a total solar eclipse? 1041 00:41:43,734 --> 00:41:47,204 Yes. So so let's talk about the sounding rockets. 1042 00:41:47,204 --> 00:41:50,007 That's actually something that we haven't hit on yet. 1043 00:41:50,007 --> 00:41:53,511 So we have three sounding rockets that will be launching 1044 00:41:53,644 --> 00:41:55,713 from our Wallops Flight facility, 1045 00:41:55,713 --> 00:41:57,781 which is in Chincoteague, Virginia. 1046 00:41:57,781 --> 00:42:00,484 And these three rockets will be launching 1047 00:42:00,484 --> 00:42:04,054 one will take off 35 minutes before totality. 1048 00:42:04,321 --> 00:42:06,457 One will take off during totality 1049 00:42:06,457 --> 00:42:09,026 and then finally, 35 minutes after. 1050 00:42:09,026 --> 00:42:10,761 And what we're trying to study here 1051 00:42:10,761 --> 00:42:12,997 is basically measuring directly 1052 00:42:12,997 --> 00:42:15,132 the changes in the upper atmosphere, 1053 00:42:15,132 --> 00:42:17,234 where the where the rockets are going to reach. 1054 00:42:17,234 --> 00:42:19,370 And we're doing it before, during and after. 1055 00:42:19,370 --> 00:42:22,606 So we can see the change kind of in how it propagates. 1056 00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:25,075 Now, where these rockets are launching, 1057 00:42:25,075 --> 00:42:27,745 it's not actually going to be within the path, 1058 00:42:27,745 --> 00:42:30,814 but as the moon and its shadow, as the shadow of the moon 1059 00:42:30,814 --> 00:42:32,816 is moving across that path, 1060 00:42:32,816 --> 00:42:35,553 it's having changes in the local atmosphere 1061 00:42:35,553 --> 00:42:38,355 and they kind of propagate out almost like a boat 1062 00:42:38,355 --> 00:42:40,324 going through the water and making a wave. 1063 00:42:40,324 --> 00:42:41,825 Yeah, it's kind of the same thing. 1064 00:42:41,825 --> 00:42:43,027 So we're trying to see 1065 00:42:43,027 --> 00:42:46,030 how those changes propagate out in the atmosphere. 1066 00:42:46,597 --> 00:42:49,600 So we've got a plane, we've got rocket and that rocket. 1067 00:42:49,633 --> 00:42:52,536 Is there any other, you know, instrument 1068 00:42:52,536 --> 00:42:56,373 that NASA's planning to use to study the solar cups? 1069 00:42:56,373 --> 00:42:59,243 I know last year for the annular, we had balloons. 1070 00:42:59,243 --> 00:43:00,277 Is there anything like that? 1071 00:43:00,277 --> 00:43:04,148 There are balloon projects, in fact, led by various schools. 1072 00:43:04,148 --> 00:43:05,983 We have a ton of balloons that will be launching 1073 00:43:05,983 --> 00:43:08,419 science balloons measuring all over. 1074 00:43:08,419 --> 00:43:10,454 And so that's something that you see on the screen here. 1075 00:43:10,454 --> 00:43:11,722 Some of the students getting ready 1076 00:43:11,722 --> 00:43:14,191 for those balloon experiments. 1077 00:43:14,191 --> 00:43:18,562 There's also radio telescopes in California 1078 00:43:18,762 --> 00:43:21,565 that will be kind of measuring those radio 1079 00:43:21,565 --> 00:43:25,169 waves coming from the sun, because any active regions 1080 00:43:25,336 --> 00:43:27,605 that are occurring on the sun at that time, 1081 00:43:27,605 --> 00:43:29,873 they're going to be covered up by the moon. 1082 00:43:29,873 --> 00:43:33,277 So as as the radio telescope is just looking at the sun 1083 00:43:33,477 --> 00:43:35,312 and these active regions are covered, 1084 00:43:35,312 --> 00:43:36,347 we can see 1085 00:43:36,347 --> 00:43:38,649 it's turning them on and off so we can see 1086 00:43:38,649 --> 00:43:41,619 where the waves are coming from and where they are 1087 00:43:41,619 --> 00:43:44,021 and to to understand what the sources are, basically. 1088 00:43:44,021 --> 00:43:46,290 So we're studying this from every single 1089 00:43:46,290 --> 00:43:49,293 everything that we can possibly do that is great. 1090 00:43:49,426 --> 00:43:53,564 So our next question is from Happy Thumb Gaming on YouTube. 1091 00:43:53,564 --> 00:43:56,233 Who wants to know for the solar eclipse? 1092 00:43:56,233 --> 00:43:59,303 Will all of the United States be able to view it? 1093 00:44:00,337 --> 00:44:01,105 All of the 1094 00:44:01,105 --> 00:44:05,109 48 contiguous states will view some sort of eclipse. 1095 00:44:05,442 --> 00:44:07,077 If you're in the path of totality, 1096 00:44:07,077 --> 00:44:10,047 you'll have the opportunity to view that total solar eclipse. 1097 00:44:10,047 --> 00:44:11,882 If you're not in the path of totality, 1098 00:44:11,882 --> 00:44:13,851 then that's where you'll see a partial eclipse. 1099 00:44:13,851 --> 00:44:14,885 So as long as you're within 1100 00:44:14,885 --> 00:44:17,888 those contiguous 48 states, then yes, you can see it 1101 00:44:18,756 --> 00:44:21,058 and you hit on this a little bit earlier. 1102 00:44:21,058 --> 00:44:22,993 But why does this eclipse 1103 00:44:22,993 --> 00:44:25,663 have totality for such a longer duration? 1104 00:44:25,663 --> 00:44:25,929 You know, 1105 00:44:25,929 --> 00:44:30,467 you mentioned that this year almost double from 2017, Right. 1106 00:44:30,501 --> 00:44:31,935 Why is that Right. 1107 00:44:31,935 --> 00:44:35,739 The moon's orbit actually isn't circular around the sun. 1108 00:44:35,739 --> 00:44:37,341 It's an it's elliptical. 1109 00:44:37,341 --> 00:44:40,811 So it all depends on where the moon is in its orbit 1110 00:44:40,978 --> 00:44:42,713 and really how close 1111 00:44:42,713 --> 00:44:46,150 the moon is or how far it is from from the earth. 1112 00:44:46,350 --> 00:44:49,353 And so for this one, compared to 2017, 1113 00:44:49,353 --> 00:44:52,856 we're going to get that shadow just cast a little bit 1114 00:44:52,856 --> 00:44:54,658 that the path will be a little bit wider. 1115 00:44:54,658 --> 00:44:58,595 The shadow is going to really make that eclipse lasts 1116 00:44:58,629 --> 00:45:00,764 a little bit longer, just based on where the earth is. 1117 00:45:00,764 --> 00:45:02,700 With respect to the Sun 1118 00:45:02,700 --> 00:45:04,868 and Burt on YouTube, who wants to know 1119 00:45:04,868 --> 00:45:09,106 being so close to the equinox, Why is the path of totality 1120 00:45:09,106 --> 00:45:11,341 at such an angle with the equator? 1121 00:45:12,409 --> 00:45:14,278 Yeah, so it depends 1122 00:45:14,278 --> 00:45:17,514 that the moon's orbit is tilted by five degrees. 1123 00:45:17,648 --> 00:45:20,551 And of course that with Earth we have seasons as well. 1124 00:45:20,551 --> 00:45:23,053 So there's kind of this game that you have to play between, 1125 00:45:23,053 --> 00:45:26,824 you know, the orbit, right, of the Earth and the moon 1126 00:45:26,824 --> 00:45:29,893 and how the earth is tilted, how the moon's orbit is tilted, 1127 00:45:30,027 --> 00:45:33,263 and it changes kind of the geometry of 1128 00:45:33,263 --> 00:45:36,266 where the eclipse occurs and how long and everything. 1129 00:45:37,301 --> 00:45:39,803 So earlier, you know, we spoke a little bit about 1130 00:45:39,803 --> 00:45:43,040 photographing a total eclipse with a cell phone. 1131 00:45:43,307 --> 00:45:45,008 Now we have a viewer on YouTube 1132 00:45:45,008 --> 00:45:48,112 who wants to know if pointing a telescope to the sun 1133 00:45:48,445 --> 00:45:51,615 will damage the telescope during this event. 1134 00:45:51,815 --> 00:45:52,549 Right. 1135 00:45:52,549 --> 00:45:55,452 We have filters for telescopes as well. 1136 00:45:55,452 --> 00:45:56,453 Solar filters 1137 00:45:56,453 --> 00:45:58,055 that you you put on your telescope 1138 00:45:58,055 --> 00:46:00,324 so that you can safely view the eclipse. 1139 00:46:00,324 --> 00:46:02,826 So that's what I would recommend, especially 1140 00:46:02,826 --> 00:46:04,261 if you're in that partial 1141 00:46:05,529 --> 00:46:06,964 partial eclipse area. 1142 00:46:06,964 --> 00:46:10,167 Now, for the total eclipse, that's when with our own eyes, 1143 00:46:10,167 --> 00:46:11,802 we don't need to have the glasses on 1144 00:46:11,802 --> 00:46:14,538 and you don't need to have a filter for your eclipse. 1145 00:46:14,538 --> 00:46:17,574 But it also depends on on what you're trying to see. 1146 00:46:17,775 --> 00:46:20,711 If you're trying to see that corona in a certain light, 1147 00:46:20,711 --> 00:46:22,780 you might want a filter for that too. 1148 00:46:22,780 --> 00:46:24,281 That allows you to take different types 1149 00:46:24,281 --> 00:46:26,750 of images and different science as well. 1150 00:46:26,750 --> 00:46:27,718 Okay. 1151 00:46:27,718 --> 00:46:30,587 For those just joining us, we have another question 1152 00:46:30,587 --> 00:46:32,322 from Scientific potato on YouTube. 1153 00:46:32,322 --> 00:46:35,659 Who wants to know, will animals under the total 1154 00:46:35,926 --> 00:46:39,029 well, animals under the total solar eclipse be acting weird? 1155 00:46:39,463 --> 00:46:41,064 They will be, yes. 1156 00:46:41,064 --> 00:46:43,333 Nature changes during the eclipses. 1157 00:46:43,333 --> 00:46:44,701 It gets confused. 1158 00:46:44,701 --> 00:46:46,537 The nature basically 1159 00:46:46,537 --> 00:46:49,540 thinks that the sun is setting and that it's nighttime and 1160 00:46:49,673 --> 00:46:52,075 and that's where we kind of have animals getting ready 1161 00:46:52,075 --> 00:46:55,078 to go to sleep, birds going to the trees crickets 1162 00:46:55,212 --> 00:46:56,246 that come out and chirp. 1163 00:46:56,246 --> 00:46:57,881 So that is part of the 1164 00:46:57,881 --> 00:47:01,652 whole eclipse viewing experience is to really kind of see 1165 00:47:01,652 --> 00:47:03,453 and hear nature around you as well. 1166 00:47:03,453 --> 00:47:05,189 You mentioned something to I remember 1167 00:47:05,189 --> 00:47:06,123 from the annular eclipse. 1168 00:47:06,123 --> 00:47:07,991 The thing about spiders 1169 00:47:07,991 --> 00:47:10,093 and they're all there is something with spiders. 1170 00:47:10,093 --> 00:47:12,095 I can't remember it off the top of my head, but 1171 00:47:12,095 --> 00:47:14,298 I think it has to do with Yeah, there's spiders 1172 00:47:14,298 --> 00:47:16,667 coming up and their webs coming up and down too. 1173 00:47:16,667 --> 00:47:18,101 That's right. 1174 00:47:18,101 --> 00:47:23,207 And so our next question is, is actually from a viewer 1175 00:47:23,207 --> 00:47:27,277 on on YouTube who wants to know what advice do you have for 1176 00:47:27,277 --> 00:47:30,848 anybody who might be experiencing this solar eclipse 1177 00:47:31,148 --> 00:47:31,982 for the first time? 1178 00:47:33,283 --> 00:47:34,885 I love this question. 1179 00:47:34,885 --> 00:47:38,021 I would say really take a moment 1180 00:47:38,021 --> 00:47:42,092 to embrace it and, you know, experience 1181 00:47:42,092 --> 00:47:45,128 it with as few distractions as possible. 1182 00:47:45,162 --> 00:47:46,830 I mean, I know that we're all excited 1183 00:47:46,830 --> 00:47:48,699 to take pictures of the eclipse 1184 00:47:48,699 --> 00:47:50,667 to be able to share the experience. 1185 00:47:50,667 --> 00:47:53,904 We're lucky that totality lasts for four and a half minutes 1186 00:47:53,904 --> 00:47:57,641 because you can have a few moments of quiet 1187 00:47:57,641 --> 00:48:00,644 to kind of see and feel and look around. 1188 00:48:00,711 --> 00:48:04,314 But then you can also take the photo that you as well. 1189 00:48:04,348 --> 00:48:07,150 So I would just say, you know, 1190 00:48:07,150 --> 00:48:11,188 make sure you put down all your things and try to enjoy it. 1191 00:48:11,221 --> 00:48:12,956 Yeah, exactly. 1192 00:48:12,956 --> 00:48:13,957 Well, Gina, unfortunately, 1193 00:48:13,957 --> 00:48:16,593 that is all the time that we have for today. 1194 00:48:16,593 --> 00:48:19,029 But thank you so much for just joining us 1195 00:48:19,029 --> 00:48:21,465 and for answering so many questions from our viewers. 1196 00:48:21,465 --> 00:48:24,835 I am so excited to be sharing NASA's stage in carbon taxes 1197 00:48:24,835 --> 00:48:26,203 with you in just a few weeks. 1198 00:48:26,203 --> 00:48:27,237 Yeah, thanks to Hera. 1199 00:48:27,237 --> 00:48:28,005 It was great 1200 00:48:28,005 --> 00:48:30,073 being here today and I'm really looking forward 1201 00:48:30,073 --> 00:48:31,575 to our broadcast in Kerrville. 1202 00:48:32,542 --> 00:48:34,878 And thank you to everyone who joined us online. 1203 00:48:34,878 --> 00:48:37,347 We had some fantastic questions today 1204 00:48:37,347 --> 00:48:40,250 and really love getting to engage with you live like this. 1205 00:48:40,250 --> 00:48:42,419 We hope you enjoyed learning more about the total 1206 00:48:42,419 --> 00:48:45,923 solar eclipse and feel better prepared for the upcoming event. 1207 00:48:46,423 --> 00:48:49,726 Now make sure you set a reminder to join us on April eight. 1208 00:48:50,060 --> 00:48:52,963 We will be streaming the eclipse live from all over 1209 00:48:52,963 --> 00:48:55,933 North America following that path of totality 1210 00:48:56,033 --> 00:48:59,536 as it sweeps across Mexico, the US and Canada. 1211 00:49:00,003 --> 00:49:02,906 There are a variety of ways for you to get involved. 1212 00:49:02,906 --> 00:49:04,574 You can watch the NASA broadcast 1213 00:49:04,574 --> 00:49:07,678 on multiple streaming platforms, including in Spanish, 1214 00:49:07,844 --> 00:49:10,747 by heading over to go.nasa.gov 1215 00:49:10,747 --> 00:49:14,017 /eclipse 2024 live. 1216 00:49:14,451 --> 00:49:16,086 You can also take a look at NASA's 1217 00:49:16,086 --> 00:49:17,054 website to see 1218 00:49:17,054 --> 00:49:20,624 if there are eclipse events near you at go.NASA.gov 1219 00:49:20,791 --> 00:49:23,293 forward slash eclipse events. 1220 00:49:23,293 --> 00:49:26,463 If you'd like to stay updated on all of the latest Sun news 1221 00:49:26,663 --> 00:49:31,001 follow NASA's Sun on Facebook and NASA's Sun on X. 1222 00:49:31,335 --> 00:49:33,003 Thank you and see you next time. 1223 00:49:35,205 --> 00:49:36,039 We are one 1224 00:49:36,039 --> 00:49:39,042 of 100 billion stars in a vast galaxy. 1225 00:49:39,076 --> 00:49:42,079 But for all of human culture on Earth, 1226 00:49:42,646 --> 00:49:45,649 one sun that nourishes us all, 1227 00:49:47,184 --> 00:49:50,620 that is what stirs humankind. 1228 00:49:51,154 --> 00:49:54,157 That's what unites us 1229 00:49:57,427 --> 00:50:00,197 now. Experience 1230 00:50:00,197 --> 00:50:03,233 the wonder, the beauty and the power of all 1231 00:50:03,233 --> 00:50:06,236 stars. 1232 00:50:07,004 --> 00:50:08,238 One sun 1233 00:50:08,238 --> 00:50:11,241 across space, time and culture. 1234 00:50:12,442 --> 00:50:15,012 Let us continue the quest 1235 00:50:15,012 --> 00:50:17,981 to unfold this universe 1236 00:50:18,148 --> 00:50:22,886 and let us continue to find unity in our discovery.