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Welcome to

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NASA's coverage of

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the 2023 annular solar eclipse.

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Live from Kerrville, Texas,

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I'm to Tahira Allen

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with NASA's communications.

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And I'm joined today by Dr.

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Gina DiBraccio,

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the deputy director

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of our Goddard Space

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Flight Center's Heliophysics

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Science Division.

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Gina,

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thank you so much

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for being here with us today.

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Thanks for having me to hear.

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A happy to be here.

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I mean, it's a big day

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for Heliophysics,

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which is

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the study of the sun

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and its effects

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across the solar system.

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So, Gina, I'm dying to know.

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How are you feeling right now?

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I am. I'm thrilled.

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We've been planning this day

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for such a long time,

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and I can't believe

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it's finally here.

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So exciting.

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And I mean,

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you couldn't have asked

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for a better day, folks.

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It's blue skies.

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We've got the sun beaming.

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It's. It's incredible. Great.

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And so today's celestial event

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will be visible for millions

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in the Western Hemisphere

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with 48 contiguous US states

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and parts of Alaska witnessing

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at least a partial eclipse.

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Now, some cities

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like Kerrville,

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Texas, are in

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what's called

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the path of clarity

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for today's events.

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So, Gina, can you break down

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what that means

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and what somebody in this path

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can expect? Sure, Tara.

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So when a solar

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eclipse happens,

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the sun,

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the moon and the earth

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are all in line

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now for an annular eclipse.

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The moon will be

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just a little bit

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further away from the earth

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than during a total

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solar eclipse.

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And that means

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when the moon crosses

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in front of the sun,

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we're left

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with this ring of fire

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that we see in the sky

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that is going to be incredible

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to witness in person.

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And folks,

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the eclipse has already begun

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sweeping across

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the United States,

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first starting in Oregon

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at 9:13 a.m.

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Pacific

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and ending in Texas

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at 1203 Central.

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From there,

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it will continue its path

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through Central

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and South America.

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Now, keep an eye

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on the telescope.

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Feed in the box on your screen.

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We're going to be sharing

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live views

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from across the eclipse path

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throughout today's show.

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Now, Gina,

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is there a way to know

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what kind of viewing experience

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I can have in my city? Sure.

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So our viewers can go to go

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dot NASA.gov

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slash Eclipse Explorer,

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and that will take you to

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that interactive

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map that we have.

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And you can see when

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and what your viewing

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experience will be.

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That is amazing.

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Thank you so much.

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Absolutely.

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And folks,

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if you go ahead

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and look in that

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feed in your screen,

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this is a live view

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of Kerrville, Texas.

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And you can see

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the moon is already starting

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to inch across the sun

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right now.

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So, again,

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this is a good time to mention

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where this eclipse goes today.

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We go during today's broadcast.

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So if you're not in the

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path of angularity

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and still want to see

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that ring of fire

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effect, don't worry.

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Our friends from time

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and date are bringing us

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live telescope views

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from across the path

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of the annular eclipse.

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Starting first

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in the United States

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and then following the action

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as it sweeps across

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central and South America.

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We have a lot of exciting

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things planned for you

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throughout the show.

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You're going to see

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what it's like inside

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a hot air

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balloon at the world's

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largest balloon festival.

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Well,

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then check in with astronauts

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aboard the International

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Space Station.

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You'll hear

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from a very special guest

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about Eclipse safety.

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And then learn all the ways

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you can participate

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in next year's total

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solar eclipse.

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This is going to be

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the last time

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a total solar eclipse passes

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across the mainland US

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for two decades.

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Now, you can interact

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with our experts

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in today's show

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by sending in questions

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using the hashtag Ask

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NASA on social media

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or by dropping them directly

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into the comment stream

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wherever you're watching.

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Now, today,

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we are here for an annular

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solar eclipse.

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But did you know

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there is actually a difference

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between an annular

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and total solar eclipse?

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Now imagine

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the sun is having a spot

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light show in the sky

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in a total solar eclipse.

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The moon moves

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right in front of the sun

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and covers it up

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like a big curtain,

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making everything dark

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for a little bit.

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It's similar

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to what you would see

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at dusk or dawn.

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Now, because the moon

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is completely blocking

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the light from the sun,

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we're able

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to see the sun's corona

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during a total solar eclipse.

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Now, in an annular

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solar eclipse like today,

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the moon is going to be a bit

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too far away

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to completely cover the sun.

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So like Jeana said,

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when you look up at the sky,

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you're going to see the sun

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with a glowing

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ring around the moon.

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Because of this,

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it is often

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called a ring of fire effect.

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And as you can

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see on your screen right now,

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it is going to be a really,

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really cool and unusual sight.

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Now, a word of caution, though,

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because the sun is never

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completely covered

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during an annular eclipse.

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It is important to always

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wear your eclipse

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safety glasses.

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Any time you look at the sun.

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Now, both types of

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eclipses are amazing shows,

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just with

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different perspectives.

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So today

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we're going to be bringing you

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views of the annular eclipse

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and you're going

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to have an opportunity to view

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a total

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solar eclipse on April

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8th, 2024.

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Now, Gina,

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anything you would add to that,

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of course, to here?

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So the science

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with the annular eclipse

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and the total solar eclipse,

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we can do great science.

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And Narsa

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has a bunch of experiments

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which we'll hear

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about later today. Fantastic.

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Thank you so much, Gina.

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And folks,

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it's time to meet

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your other hosts.

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We have James

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truly at our Eclipse desk.

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He's going to be keeping us

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keyed into the action

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connecting with

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telescope operators

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across the country

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to show us

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live views

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as any clarity

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sweeps the nation.

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And we also have Joy NG

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and Michael Kirk

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at our Albuquerque desk.

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They're going to be joined

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with special guests

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throughout the show

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to talk about

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how important eclipses

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are to all the science

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we do at NASA

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and how you can play a part

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in the activities

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leading up to 2020 for us,

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Total solar eclipse.

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Now we're going to head out

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to Joy and Michael later.

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But first,

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James,

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how are things

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looking on your end?

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Hate to hear it.

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So excited to be joining

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you live from Kerrville, Texas.

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I've got my eclipse

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glasses ready to view

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today's big event,

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the annual charity

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right here

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in just a few moments.

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We should be getting

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our first view

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from the West Coast

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in just a few moments.

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Up in Eugene, Oregon,

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they'll have the first

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awesome view

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from the United States.

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And you can track

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all of today's events

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using this interactive tool

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we developed

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called Eclipse Explorer.

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If you want to play around

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00:06:48,875 --> 00:06:51,377
with this, go to go to NASA.gov

304
00:06:51,377 --> 00:06:53,346
for it. Slash Eclipse Explorer.

305
00:06:53,346 --> 00:06:54,614
This is a fantastic tool

306
00:06:54,614 --> 00:06:55,148
that allows you

307
00:06:55,148 --> 00:06:55,982
to preview

308
00:06:55,982 --> 00:06:57,150
exactly what the eclipse

309
00:06:57,150 --> 00:06:57,784
is going to look like

310
00:06:57,784 --> 00:06:59,051
in your neck of the woods.

311
00:06:59,051 --> 00:07:00,286
You can see this path that it's

312
00:07:00,286 --> 00:07:00,987
going to be taking

313
00:07:00,987 --> 00:07:02,021
all the way down to us

314
00:07:02,021 --> 00:07:02,922
in Kerrville, Texas,

315
00:07:02,922 --> 00:07:03,790
starting out in the

316
00:07:03,790 --> 00:07:05,024
Pacific Northwest.

317
00:07:05,024 --> 00:07:06,526
But even if you're outside

318
00:07:06,526 --> 00:07:07,693
of that area of influence,

319
00:07:07,693 --> 00:07:08,294
say, for example,

320
00:07:08,294 --> 00:07:08,995
you're watching today's

321
00:07:08,995 --> 00:07:10,763
broadcast live from Milwaukee.

322
00:07:10,763 --> 00:07:11,764
You'll get a great view

323
00:07:11,764 --> 00:07:12,932
of a partial eclipse

324
00:07:12,932 --> 00:07:14,033
and these little icons

325
00:07:14,033 --> 00:07:14,567
that you see here,

326
00:07:14,567 --> 00:07:15,635
these little googly eyes,

327
00:07:15,635 --> 00:07:16,436
if you will.

328
00:07:16,436 --> 00:07:17,603
They're actually clickable.

329
00:07:17,603 --> 00:07:18,971
So if I go to Eugene,

330
00:07:18,971 --> 00:07:19,639
they're supposed to

331
00:07:19,639 --> 00:07:20,706
have peak angularity

332
00:07:20,706 --> 00:07:22,475
beginning at around 9:17 a.m.

333
00:07:22,475 --> 00:07:23,309
Pacific.

334
00:07:23,309 --> 00:07:23,976
If I click on this

335
00:07:23,976 --> 00:07:24,710
little googly eye,

336
00:07:24,710 --> 00:07:26,879
it'll snap right to that time

337
00:07:26,879 --> 00:07:27,647
and you can preview

338
00:07:27,647 --> 00:07:28,781
exactly where it's going to be.

339
00:07:28,781 --> 00:07:30,316
So you still have

340
00:07:30,316 --> 00:07:31,184
plenty of time

341
00:07:31,184 --> 00:07:31,484
to start

342
00:07:31,484 --> 00:07:32,118
getting up to speed

343
00:07:32,118 --> 00:07:32,819
with exactly

344
00:07:32,819 --> 00:07:34,053
what this annular eclipse

345
00:07:34,053 --> 00:07:35,421
or partial eclipse

346
00:07:35,421 --> 00:07:36,222
is going to look like

347
00:07:36,222 --> 00:07:37,323
in your neck of the woods.

348
00:07:37,323 --> 00:07:38,391
So I certainly encourage you

349
00:07:38,391 --> 00:07:39,659
to play around with this tool.

350
00:07:39,659 --> 00:07:41,394
And if we go to our real time

351
00:07:41,394 --> 00:07:41,961
view of it now,

352
00:07:41,961 --> 00:07:42,595
you can see that

353
00:07:42,595 --> 00:07:43,663
a partial eclipse

354
00:07:43,663 --> 00:07:44,831
is already impacting

355
00:07:44,831 --> 00:07:46,032
a very large portion

356
00:07:46,032 --> 00:07:46,766
of the United States,

357
00:07:46,766 --> 00:07:47,600
stretching all the way out

358
00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:49,068
to as far as Nashville.

359
00:07:49,068 --> 00:07:50,470
And so very excited

360
00:07:50,470 --> 00:07:51,137
for our moment

361
00:07:51,137 --> 00:07:53,039
in this partially eclipsed

362
00:07:53,039 --> 00:07:54,407
sun here in Kerrville, Texas.

363
00:07:54,407 --> 00:07:55,808
We're expecting that to begin

364
00:07:55,808 --> 00:07:58,244
at around 11:50 a.m. local.

365
00:07:58,244 --> 00:07:58,945
I'm going to continue

366
00:07:58,945 --> 00:08:00,112
to track the movement of this

367
00:08:00,112 --> 00:08:02,148
annular eclipse across the U.S.

368
00:08:02,148 --> 00:08:03,049
But for now,

369
00:08:03,049 --> 00:08:05,051
back to you to hear

370
00:08:05,117 --> 00:08:06,118
so much, James,

371
00:08:06,118 --> 00:08:07,720
so excited to see that

372
00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:08,688
first instant

373
00:08:08,688 --> 00:08:09,622
of the ring of fire

374
00:08:09,622 --> 00:08:10,723
effect soon.

375
00:08:10,723 --> 00:08:12,458
Now, Gina and I are joined

376
00:08:12,458 --> 00:08:13,826
with Leslie Garrison.

377
00:08:13,826 --> 00:08:15,394
Leslie, who is going to show us

378
00:08:15,394 --> 00:08:17,063
how to make a pinhole viewer

379
00:08:17,063 --> 00:08:18,598
to observe today's events.

380
00:08:18,598 --> 00:08:19,832
If you do not have

381
00:08:19,832 --> 00:08:21,367
your eclipse glasses.

382
00:08:21,367 --> 00:08:22,368
So, Leslie, I see

383
00:08:22,368 --> 00:08:23,536
you've got a few different

384
00:08:23,536 --> 00:08:25,004
pre-built pinhole viewers

385
00:08:25,004 --> 00:08:26,005
with you right now.

386
00:08:26,005 --> 00:08:26,572
Can you first

387
00:08:26,572 --> 00:08:27,340
just walk us through

388
00:08:27,340 --> 00:08:28,708
how this even works?

389
00:08:28,708 --> 00:08:29,575
Yes, absolutely.

390
00:08:29,575 --> 00:08:31,010
So to safely view

391
00:08:31,010 --> 00:08:31,844
the sun today,

392
00:08:31,844 --> 00:08:33,613
we brought a couple of items.

393
00:08:33,613 --> 00:08:35,081
We have a calendar,

394
00:08:35,081 --> 00:08:37,517
a pinhole, a pinhole,

395
00:08:37,517 --> 00:08:39,018
a sheet of cardstock

396
00:08:39,018 --> 00:08:41,053
and a hole punch.

397
00:08:41,053 --> 00:08:42,421
And so we're going to use them

398
00:08:42,421 --> 00:08:43,489
to simply create

399
00:08:43,489 --> 00:08:44,123
what we call

400
00:08:44,123 --> 00:08:45,424
a pinhole projector.

401
00:08:45,424 --> 00:08:46,893
And so in order to use these

402
00:08:46,893 --> 00:08:47,960
or to make these,

403
00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:49,295
you need a few items from home.

404
00:08:49,295 --> 00:08:50,696
But number one,

405
00:08:50,696 --> 00:08:51,631
make sure to never look

406
00:08:51,631 --> 00:08:52,698
at the sun directly.

407
00:08:52,698 --> 00:08:53,833
But number two,

408
00:08:53,833 --> 00:08:55,167
make sure when you are making

409
00:08:55,167 --> 00:08:55,735
and creating

410
00:08:55,735 --> 00:08:56,502
and using these

411
00:08:56,502 --> 00:08:58,170
that the sun is to your back

412
00:08:58,170 --> 00:08:59,539
so that the sun's light

413
00:08:59,539 --> 00:09:01,674
can cast light through the home

414
00:09:01,674 --> 00:09:02,341
and you just

415
00:09:02,341 --> 00:09:04,610
put it up and have it.

416
00:09:04,677 --> 00:09:07,046
Yeah, come put a shadow.

417
00:09:07,046 --> 00:09:08,381
So on the paper model,

418
00:09:08,381 --> 00:09:11,584
we are going to put a hole here

419
00:09:11,817 --> 00:09:13,019
and the light is going

420
00:09:13,019 --> 00:09:14,086
to go directly through it.

421
00:09:14,086 --> 00:09:15,154
Peg Hole

422
00:09:15,154 --> 00:09:16,756
the Collender and the mass.

423
00:09:16,756 --> 00:09:18,224
The 3D printed model

424
00:09:18,224 --> 00:09:19,358
already has a hole.

425
00:09:19,358 --> 00:09:19,926
All you have to do

426
00:09:19,926 --> 00:09:20,760
is wait for the eclipse

427
00:09:20,760 --> 00:09:21,394
to happen

428
00:09:21,394 --> 00:09:22,962
and see the view of the sun

429
00:09:22,962 --> 00:09:24,430
on a surface area.

430
00:09:24,430 --> 00:09:24,964
That's great.

431
00:09:24,964 --> 00:09:25,398
So, Leslie,

432
00:09:25,398 --> 00:09:26,666
can you go over those materials

433
00:09:26,666 --> 00:09:28,067
just one more time? Absolutely.

434
00:09:28,067 --> 00:09:28,801
So at home,

435
00:09:28,801 --> 00:09:29,635
you probably already

436
00:09:29,635 --> 00:09:30,670
have a calendar.

437
00:09:30,670 --> 00:09:32,371
This is just a pegboard

438
00:09:32,371 --> 00:09:33,339
toy from my son's

439
00:09:33,339 --> 00:09:34,173
toy box

440
00:09:34,173 --> 00:09:35,975
and a sheet of cardstock

441
00:09:35,975 --> 00:09:37,510
and a hole punch.

442
00:09:37,510 --> 00:09:38,811
But NASA has a cool

443
00:09:38,811 --> 00:09:40,279
event online.

444
00:09:40,279 --> 00:09:41,514
You can see our URL

445
00:09:41,514 --> 00:09:42,915
somewhere on our screen.

446
00:09:42,915 --> 00:09:44,150
And you can go online

447
00:09:44,150 --> 00:09:45,051
and make these items

448
00:09:45,051 --> 00:09:46,052
at home to use.

449
00:09:46,052 --> 00:09:46,485
So really,

450
00:09:46,485 --> 00:09:47,186
you just need something

451
00:09:47,186 --> 00:09:47,753
with a hole.

452
00:09:47,753 --> 00:09:49,989
You need something to put

453
00:09:50,056 --> 00:09:50,756
the sun's light

454
00:09:50,756 --> 00:09:51,457
to shine through.

455
00:09:51,457 --> 00:09:52,525
So on a surface area

456
00:09:52,525 --> 00:09:53,459
and you can see the eclipse

457
00:09:53,459 --> 00:09:54,760
on that surface area.

458
00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:56,262
Simple, effective.

459
00:09:56,262 --> 00:09:57,063
Leslie, thank you

460
00:09:57,063 --> 00:09:59,165
so much for your help today.

461
00:09:59,165 --> 00:09:59,832
And folks,

462
00:09:59,832 --> 00:10:00,933
this is a good time

463
00:10:00,933 --> 00:10:01,901
to remind everybody

464
00:10:01,901 --> 00:10:03,402
that it is dangerous

465
00:10:03,402 --> 00:10:05,137
to look directly at the sun

466
00:10:05,137 --> 00:10:06,272
without specialized

467
00:10:06,272 --> 00:10:07,640
eye protection for solar

468
00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:09,508
viewing during today's events.

469
00:10:09,508 --> 00:10:11,077
Now, we have a very

470
00:10:11,077 --> 00:10:11,944
special guest

471
00:10:11,944 --> 00:10:13,479
that you might recognize

472
00:10:13,479 --> 00:10:14,180
popping in

473
00:10:14,180 --> 00:10:15,781
to share some important tips

474
00:10:15,781 --> 00:10:17,717
to make sure that you stay safe

475
00:10:17,717 --> 00:10:21,554
during an annular eclipse.

476
00:10:21,654 --> 00:10:23,122
Hey, eclipse enthusiast

477
00:10:23,122 --> 00:10:24,156
Lance Bass here.

478
00:10:24,156 --> 00:10:24,991
And I want to tell you

479
00:10:24,991 --> 00:10:26,158
how to protect those eyes

480
00:10:26,158 --> 00:10:27,159
and stay safe

481
00:10:27,159 --> 00:10:29,095
during a solar eclipse.

482
00:10:29,095 --> 00:10:30,796
During these celestial events,

483
00:10:30,796 --> 00:10:31,664
the sun, earth

484
00:10:31,664 --> 00:10:33,332
and moon are in sync,

485
00:10:33,332 --> 00:10:35,167
creating solar eclipses.

486
00:10:35,167 --> 00:10:36,602
During an annular eclipse,

487
00:10:36,602 --> 00:10:38,304
it's not the moment for a sun

488
00:10:38,304 --> 00:10:39,538
staring contest.

489
00:10:39,538 --> 00:10:40,573
Grab those eclipse

490
00:10:40,573 --> 00:10:42,141
glasses and shade your eyes

491
00:10:42,141 --> 00:10:43,709
from the ring of fire.

492
00:10:43,709 --> 00:10:45,344
What you'll witness is a true

493
00:10:45,344 --> 00:10:46,579
cosmic marvel.

494
00:10:46,579 --> 00:10:47,513
The moon will move

495
00:10:47,513 --> 00:10:49,081
between the sun and the earth.

496
00:10:49,081 --> 00:10:49,982
But the moon is a bit

497
00:10:49,982 --> 00:10:51,217
too far away from earth

498
00:10:51,217 --> 00:10:53,152
to completely cover the sun.

499
00:10:53,152 --> 00:10:54,720
So when you look up at the sky

500
00:10:54,720 --> 00:10:55,121
during this

501
00:10:55,121 --> 00:10:56,322
annular eclipse,

502
00:10:56,322 --> 00:10:57,490
you'll see the sun creating

503
00:10:57,490 --> 00:10:59,759
a glowing ring around the moon.

504
00:10:59,759 --> 00:11:00,760
Because the sun is never

505
00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:01,727
completely blocked,

506
00:11:01,727 --> 00:11:02,962
it is never, never,

507
00:11:02,962 --> 00:11:04,864
never safe to look directly

508
00:11:04,864 --> 00:11:06,098
at an annular eclipse

509
00:11:06,098 --> 00:11:07,633
without special eye protection

510
00:11:07,633 --> 00:11:09,035
for solar viewing.

511
00:11:09,035 --> 00:11:10,302
This, I promise you.

512
00:11:10,302 --> 00:11:11,804
You should wear eclipse glasses

513
00:11:11,804 --> 00:11:13,205
so that you don't say

514
00:11:13,205 --> 00:11:14,974
bye bye bye to your vision.

515
00:11:14,974 --> 00:11:15,775
Seriously?

516
00:11:15,775 --> 00:11:16,475
And eclipse

517
00:11:16,475 --> 00:11:17,643
glasses are not the same

518
00:11:17,643 --> 00:11:18,878
as regular sunglasses.

519
00:11:18,878 --> 00:11:19,845
No, they're not safe.

520
00:11:19,845 --> 00:11:20,613
Solar viewers

521
00:11:20,613 --> 00:11:21,981
are thousands of times

522
00:11:21,981 --> 00:11:22,748
darker and will have

523
00:11:22,748 --> 00:11:24,250
a specific certification

524
00:11:24,250 --> 00:11:25,418
that you should look for

525
00:11:25,418 --> 00:11:26,852
right here.

526
00:11:26,852 --> 00:11:28,120
Don't be a space cowboy

527
00:11:28,120 --> 00:11:29,221
and try to look directly

528
00:11:29,221 --> 00:11:30,022
at the sun.

529
00:11:30,022 --> 00:11:30,756
If you don't have

530
00:11:30,756 --> 00:11:31,891
eclipse glasses,

531
00:11:31,891 --> 00:11:33,325
you can use an indirect viewing

532
00:11:33,325 --> 00:11:33,726
method

533
00:11:33,726 --> 00:11:35,327
like a pinhole projector.

534
00:11:35,327 --> 00:11:36,362
You can make one of these

535
00:11:36,362 --> 00:11:36,929
with something

536
00:11:36,929 --> 00:11:38,631
as simple as an index card

537
00:11:38,631 --> 00:11:42,001
with a hole or a colander,

538
00:11:42,068 --> 00:11:43,502
or even your hands

539
00:11:43,502 --> 00:11:44,503
with a sun at your back.

540
00:11:44,503 --> 00:11:45,571
You can safely project

541
00:11:45,571 --> 00:11:46,472
an image of the sun

542
00:11:46,472 --> 00:11:47,173
through the hole

543
00:11:47,173 --> 00:11:48,841
onto a nearby surface,

544
00:11:48,841 --> 00:11:50,076
like the ground.

545
00:11:50,076 --> 00:11:51,110
It's got to be me

546
00:11:51,110 --> 00:11:51,644
who is wearing

547
00:11:51,644 --> 00:11:53,446
my eclipse glasses,

548
00:11:53,446 --> 00:12:01,420
and so are you.

549
00:12:01,487 --> 00:12:02,288
Now, don't

550
00:12:02,288 --> 00:12:04,156
forget to be in sync

551
00:12:04,156 --> 00:12:05,491
with these safety tips.

552
00:12:05,491 --> 00:12:06,792
All serious.

553
00:12:06,792 --> 00:12:07,693
Listen to Lance

554
00:12:07,693 --> 00:12:08,961
and protect those eyes.

555
00:12:08,961 --> 00:12:09,929
We really want

556
00:12:09,929 --> 00:12:11,230
everybody to enjoy

557
00:12:11,230 --> 00:12:12,665
today's events.

558
00:12:12,665 --> 00:12:14,967
Now let's check in with Joy

559
00:12:14,967 --> 00:12:15,568
and Michael

560
00:12:15,568 --> 00:12:17,703
in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

561
00:12:17,703 --> 00:12:18,504
Joy, Michael,

562
00:12:18,504 --> 00:12:22,641
how is the energy over there?

563
00:12:22,742 --> 00:12:23,676
Hi, Daryn.

564
00:12:23,676 --> 00:12:25,077
The energy in Albuquerque

565
00:12:25,077 --> 00:12:26,078
is buzzing.

566
00:12:26,078 --> 00:12:27,213
We are so excited

567
00:12:27,213 --> 00:12:28,114
for the annual eclipse

568
00:12:28,114 --> 00:12:29,515
to pass through New Mexico

569
00:12:29,515 --> 00:12:31,450
in just under an hour.

570
00:12:31,450 --> 00:12:32,918
I'm joined with one of NASA's

571
00:12:32,918 --> 00:12:34,553
eclipse experts, Dr.

572
00:12:34,553 --> 00:12:35,387
Michael Kirk.

573
00:12:35,387 --> 00:12:35,821
Thank you

574
00:12:35,821 --> 00:12:36,856
so much for joining us.

575
00:12:36,856 --> 00:12:37,890
it's an absolute honor

576
00:12:37,890 --> 00:12:38,624
and a privilege.

577
00:12:38,624 --> 00:12:39,291
I'm so excited

578
00:12:39,291 --> 00:12:40,259
to be here today.

579
00:12:40,259 --> 00:12:41,260
So we're currently

580
00:12:41,260 --> 00:12:42,528
on the grounds of the Anderson

581
00:12:42,528 --> 00:12:43,562
Abruzzo International

582
00:12:43,562 --> 00:12:45,364
Balloon Museum in Albuquerque.

583
00:12:45,364 --> 00:12:46,799
And behind us, the Albuquerque

584
00:12:46,799 --> 00:12:47,700
International Balloon

585
00:12:47,700 --> 00:12:49,635
Fiesta is also happening.

586
00:12:49,635 --> 00:12:50,669
And in fact,

587
00:12:50,669 --> 00:12:52,104
a balloon is also about to

588
00:12:52,104 --> 00:12:53,739
get inflated right behind us,

589
00:12:53,739 --> 00:12:54,507
which is really,

590
00:12:54,507 --> 00:12:55,674
really exciting.

591
00:12:55,674 --> 00:12:56,242
So, Michael,

592
00:12:56,242 --> 00:12:57,243
have you seen

593
00:12:57,243 --> 00:12:58,844
an annular eclipse before?

594
00:12:58,844 --> 00:12:59,779
I actually

595
00:12:59,779 --> 00:13:01,747
I have seen an annular eclipse

596
00:13:01,747 --> 00:13:04,750
in New Mexico back in 2012.

597
00:13:04,917 --> 00:13:06,585
But this is a special event

598
00:13:06,585 --> 00:13:07,319
here today.

599
00:13:07,319 --> 00:13:08,554
The about the balloon

600
00:13:08,554 --> 00:13:09,722
fiesta going on.

601
00:13:09,722 --> 00:13:10,289
There are

602
00:13:10,289 --> 00:13:11,824
literally thousands of people

603
00:13:11,824 --> 00:13:13,025
behind us all

604
00:13:13,025 --> 00:13:14,226
getting ready for this event.

605
00:13:14,226 --> 00:13:15,194
This is one of the

606
00:13:15,194 --> 00:13:16,495
most special eclipses

607
00:13:16,495 --> 00:13:17,963
I've ever been to.

608
00:13:17,963 --> 00:13:19,265
This will be my third

609
00:13:19,265 --> 00:13:19,965
annual eclipse.

610
00:13:19,965 --> 00:13:20,933
I'm really excited

611
00:13:20,933 --> 00:13:21,700
and the skies

612
00:13:21,700 --> 00:13:22,935
are looking really clear,

613
00:13:22,935 --> 00:13:23,969
so I have my fingers crossed

614
00:13:23,969 --> 00:13:25,304
that it stays that way.

615
00:13:25,304 --> 00:13:26,105
So we have

616
00:13:26,105 --> 00:13:27,006
these incredible balloons

617
00:13:27,006 --> 00:13:28,007
over the past week.

618
00:13:28,007 --> 00:13:29,008
But did you know that

619
00:13:29,008 --> 00:13:30,242
nature also does

620
00:13:30,242 --> 00:13:31,243
science experiments

621
00:13:31,243 --> 00:13:32,545
and develops technology

622
00:13:32,545 --> 00:13:33,813
using balloons?

623
00:13:33,813 --> 00:13:34,814
They're slightly different

624
00:13:34,814 --> 00:13:35,848
from hot air balloons.

625
00:13:35,848 --> 00:13:36,782
So to learn more,

626
00:13:36,782 --> 00:13:37,850
I chatted with Chris

627
00:13:37,850 --> 00:13:38,918
Yoder from NASA's

628
00:13:38,918 --> 00:13:40,953
scientific balloon program.

629
00:13:40,953 --> 00:13:41,387
Hi, Chris.

630
00:13:41,387 --> 00:13:41,987
Thank you so much

631
00:13:41,987 --> 00:13:42,721
for joining us.

632
00:13:42,721 --> 00:13:43,856
Thank you for having me.

633
00:13:43,856 --> 00:13:45,424
So you're part of NASA's

634
00:13:45,424 --> 00:13:47,092
balloon program.

635
00:13:47,092 --> 00:13:47,860
What is the difference

636
00:13:47,860 --> 00:13:49,795
between a NASA's scientific

637
00:13:49,795 --> 00:13:50,496
blue and versus

638
00:13:50,496 --> 00:13:51,964
a regular hot air balloon?

639
00:13:51,964 --> 00:13:52,932
Good question.

640
00:13:52,932 --> 00:13:53,732
So hot air

641
00:13:53,732 --> 00:13:56,101
balloons are air filled

642
00:13:56,101 --> 00:13:57,403
and the air is heated

643
00:13:57,403 --> 00:13:58,337
to create the buoyancy

644
00:13:58,337 --> 00:13:59,305
of the lift

645
00:13:59,305 --> 00:14:00,206
that gives them flight.

646
00:14:00,206 --> 00:14:00,639
Generally,

647
00:14:00,639 --> 00:14:01,473
they float

648
00:14:01,473 --> 00:14:02,508
at a couple thousand feet

649
00:14:02,508 --> 00:14:03,342
and they go up and down

650
00:14:03,342 --> 00:14:04,810
in a matter of hours.

651
00:14:04,810 --> 00:14:05,778
Scientific balloons, on

652
00:14:05,778 --> 00:14:06,478
the other hand,

653
00:14:06,478 --> 00:14:08,080
are quite different.

654
00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:10,015
So our largest balloons

655
00:14:10,015 --> 00:14:11,383
can fit a football field

656
00:14:11,383 --> 00:14:12,384
inside their equator

657
00:14:12,384 --> 00:14:13,185
and they can fly

658
00:14:13,185 --> 00:14:14,186
for much longer.

659
00:14:14,186 --> 00:14:15,254
So payload

660
00:14:15,254 --> 00:14:17,022
capacity is about £8,000,

661
00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:18,257
several SUVs,

662
00:14:18,257 --> 00:14:21,193
The duration can be up to five

663
00:14:21,193 --> 00:14:22,695
or six weeks at a time,

664
00:14:22,695 --> 00:14:23,462
and the altitudes

665
00:14:23,462 --> 00:14:25,497
can be up to 160,000 feet,

666
00:14:25,497 --> 00:14:26,765
about four or five times

667
00:14:26,765 --> 00:14:27,633
the height of

668
00:14:27,633 --> 00:14:29,001
a commercial airliner.

669
00:14:29,001 --> 00:14:30,102
Wow. What a different.

670
00:14:30,102 --> 00:14:31,503
Yeah, that's incredible.

671
00:14:31,503 --> 00:14:32,271
And you launched

672
00:14:32,271 --> 00:14:33,405
all over the globe.

673
00:14:33,405 --> 00:14:34,907
So you launched from New Mexico

674
00:14:34,907 --> 00:14:35,808
in the US,

675
00:14:35,808 --> 00:14:37,343
New Zealand and even McMurdo

676
00:14:37,343 --> 00:14:39,111
Station, Antarctica.

677
00:14:39,111 --> 00:14:39,812
Why do you launch

678
00:14:39,812 --> 00:14:40,212
from all these

679
00:14:40,212 --> 00:14:41,013
different places?

680
00:14:41,013 --> 00:14:41,614
In short,

681
00:14:41,614 --> 00:14:42,114
we go

682
00:14:42,114 --> 00:14:42,781
where the science

683
00:14:42,781 --> 00:14:43,949
needs us to go.

684
00:14:43,949 --> 00:14:45,384
Some scientists need

685
00:14:45,384 --> 00:14:47,052
northern hemisphere

686
00:14:47,052 --> 00:14:49,021
science for galaxies

687
00:14:49,021 --> 00:14:49,822
and star formation.

688
00:14:49,822 --> 00:14:51,090
That's why we go to Sweden.

689
00:14:51,090 --> 00:14:51,824
Same thing

690
00:14:51,824 --> 00:14:52,791
in the southern hemisphere.

691
00:14:52,791 --> 00:14:54,426
That's why we go to Antarctica.

692
00:14:54,426 --> 00:14:55,594
Most missions need

693
00:14:55,594 --> 00:14:56,862
some kind of trial

694
00:14:56,862 --> 00:14:57,997
or test system,

695
00:14:57,997 --> 00:14:59,832
so they'll fly from New Mexico

696
00:14:59,832 --> 00:15:01,834
to prove their science or

697
00:15:01,834 --> 00:15:02,968
or even just collect science

698
00:15:02,968 --> 00:15:03,936
at a shorter duration.

699
00:15:03,936 --> 00:15:05,404
And then for missions

700
00:15:05,404 --> 00:15:06,472
that are a little more risky,

701
00:15:06,472 --> 00:15:07,506
we'll go out to Palmer

702
00:15:07,506 --> 00:15:08,140
in Hawaii.

703
00:15:08,140 --> 00:15:09,241
So can you describe to me

704
00:15:09,241 --> 00:15:10,376
what launch day is like?

705
00:15:10,376 --> 00:15:11,343
It's an incredible

706
00:15:11,343 --> 00:15:11,977
feeling, right?

707
00:15:11,977 --> 00:15:13,379
So you you see the balloon

708
00:15:13,379 --> 00:15:13,979
be released.

709
00:15:13,979 --> 00:15:15,114
You hear the

710
00:15:15,114 --> 00:15:16,215
the Russell the fabric

711
00:15:16,215 --> 00:15:17,082
and the rush of the wind

712
00:15:17,082 --> 00:15:18,684
as it stands up,

713
00:15:18,684 --> 00:15:19,385
you see the balloon

714
00:15:19,385 --> 00:15:20,586
be released on the vehicle

715
00:15:20,586 --> 00:15:21,453
and ascend.

716
00:15:21,453 --> 00:15:22,121
And it's just

717
00:15:22,121 --> 00:15:23,222
it just gives you chills

718
00:15:23,222 --> 00:15:24,189
every time you watch it.

719
00:15:24,189 --> 00:15:24,857
It's it's a

720
00:15:24,857 --> 00:15:25,958
it's a really great feeling.

721
00:15:25,958 --> 00:15:27,092
That sounds incredible.

722
00:15:27,092 --> 00:15:28,727
So how many of these balloon

723
00:15:28,727 --> 00:15:29,328
experiments

724
00:15:29,328 --> 00:15:30,362
have been sun focused

725
00:15:30,362 --> 00:15:31,630
or touch focused?

726
00:15:31,630 --> 00:15:33,399
So about 8 to 10% of

727
00:15:33,399 --> 00:15:34,166
our portfolio

728
00:15:34,166 --> 00:15:36,068
is Heliophysics missions.

729
00:15:36,068 --> 00:15:37,403
One of the ones that

730
00:15:37,403 --> 00:15:38,003
stands out in

731
00:15:38,003 --> 00:15:38,704
my mind is one

732
00:15:38,704 --> 00:15:40,839
I got to see launch in 2019

733
00:15:40,839 --> 00:15:42,007
from New Mexico.

734
00:15:42,007 --> 00:15:43,075
It's called The Bitsy Mission.

735
00:15:43,075 --> 00:15:43,742
And it was looking

736
00:15:43,742 --> 00:15:44,643
at the corona

737
00:15:44,643 --> 00:15:45,945
or the kind of the outer

738
00:15:45,945 --> 00:15:47,279
edge of the sun

739
00:15:47,279 --> 00:15:48,480
and looking at how that behaves

740
00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:49,515
under different conditions.

741
00:15:49,515 --> 00:15:50,683
That sounds amazing.

742
00:15:50,683 --> 00:15:51,250
Thank you so much

743
00:15:51,250 --> 00:15:51,917
for joining us.

744
00:15:51,917 --> 00:15:55,020
Thanks again for having me.

745
00:15:55,087 --> 00:15:56,188
Applying program has

746
00:15:56,188 --> 00:15:58,557
been around since 1961,

747
00:15:58,557 --> 00:15:59,491
so it's no surprise

748
00:15:59,491 --> 00:16:00,859
that airplanes are constantly

749
00:16:00,859 --> 00:16:01,961
innovating and discovering

750
00:16:01,961 --> 00:16:03,095
new science.

751
00:16:03,095 --> 00:16:03,862
So let's dive

752
00:16:03,862 --> 00:16:05,097
into some of the big science

753
00:16:05,097 --> 00:16:06,332
discoveries that have been made

754
00:16:06,332 --> 00:16:09,335
with scientific brains.

755
00:16:09,468 --> 00:16:11,036
High above Earth's surface

756
00:16:11,036 --> 00:16:12,204
floats a critical tool

757
00:16:12,204 --> 00:16:14,673
in NASA's exploration arsenal.

758
00:16:14,673 --> 00:16:17,109
Scientific balloon's massive

759
00:16:17,109 --> 00:16:17,977
helium filled

760
00:16:17,977 --> 00:16:19,311
high tech balloons

761
00:16:19,311 --> 00:16:20,045
lift heavy

762
00:16:20,045 --> 00:16:21,213
scientific experiments

763
00:16:21,213 --> 00:16:22,314
into near-space

764
00:16:22,314 --> 00:16:23,315
to get a clear view

765
00:16:23,315 --> 00:16:25,484
of our planet and the cosmos.

766
00:16:25,484 --> 00:16:26,819
Launched around the globe,

767
00:16:26,819 --> 00:16:28,220
these unique NASA missions

768
00:16:28,220 --> 00:16:29,588
provide a fast and cost

769
00:16:29,588 --> 00:16:30,489
effective alternative

770
00:16:30,489 --> 00:16:31,457
to rockets

771
00:16:31,457 --> 00:16:32,491
to study earth,

772
00:16:32,491 --> 00:16:35,194
our solar system, and beyond.

773
00:16:35,194 --> 00:16:36,061
Balloon science

774
00:16:36,061 --> 00:16:37,229
has led to many important

775
00:16:37,229 --> 00:16:38,397
discoveries.

776
00:16:38,397 --> 00:16:39,331
For example,

777
00:16:39,331 --> 00:16:40,866
astrophysicist John Mather

778
00:16:40,866 --> 00:16:41,633
studied heat

779
00:16:41,633 --> 00:16:42,735
from the early universe

780
00:16:42,735 --> 00:16:43,669
using balloons

781
00:16:43,669 --> 00:16:44,737
which later contributed

782
00:16:44,737 --> 00:16:45,704
to his Nobel Prize

783
00:16:45,704 --> 00:16:46,238
winning work,

784
00:16:46,238 --> 00:16:47,806
confirming the Big Bang theory

785
00:16:47,806 --> 00:16:49,742
of an expanding universe.

786
00:16:49,742 --> 00:16:51,410
A special type of high altitude

787
00:16:51,410 --> 00:16:52,411
balloon can carry

788
00:16:52,411 --> 00:16:54,013
telescopes above the clouds

789
00:16:54,013 --> 00:16:55,481
for extended periods of time

790
00:16:55,481 --> 00:16:56,749
to study the dark matter

791
00:16:56,749 --> 00:16:59,118
in distant galaxy clusters.

792
00:16:59,118 --> 00:16:59,618
One of these

793
00:16:59,618 --> 00:17:00,819
super pressure balloons

794
00:17:00,819 --> 00:17:01,887
called super bit

795
00:17:01,887 --> 00:17:03,055
captured the Tarantula

796
00:17:03,055 --> 00:17:05,124
nebula 160,000

797
00:17:05,124 --> 00:17:06,892
light years away.

798
00:17:06,992 --> 00:17:07,726
This winter,

799
00:17:07,726 --> 00:17:08,861
crews in Antarctica

800
00:17:08,861 --> 00:17:09,495
are preparing

801
00:17:09,495 --> 00:17:11,764
to launch the Gusto mission.

802
00:17:11,764 --> 00:17:13,132
Its infrared telescope

803
00:17:13,132 --> 00:17:13,699
will examine

804
00:17:13,699 --> 00:17:14,566
the complete life

805
00:17:14,566 --> 00:17:16,835
cycle of a star.

806
00:17:16,835 --> 00:17:17,903
NASA's scientific

807
00:17:17,903 --> 00:17:19,171
balloon program

808
00:17:19,171 --> 00:17:20,639
guiding a path to discovery

809
00:17:20,639 --> 00:17:28,814
above and beyond.

810
00:17:28,914 --> 00:17:29,281
Joined

811
00:17:29,281 --> 00:17:30,682
with us now is the balloon

812
00:17:30,682 --> 00:17:32,418
museum manager, Nan Masland.

813
00:17:32,418 --> 00:17:33,018
Thank you so much

814
00:17:33,018 --> 00:17:33,752
for joining us on

815
00:17:33,752 --> 00:17:35,120
probably the busiest

816
00:17:35,120 --> 00:17:36,288
week of the year.

817
00:17:36,288 --> 00:17:37,289
I'm so happy to be

818
00:17:37,289 --> 00:17:38,757
here with you all.

819
00:17:38,757 --> 00:17:40,559
So I hear the fiestas

820
00:17:40,559 --> 00:17:41,927
started in the seventies

821
00:17:41,927 --> 00:17:42,227
with a

822
00:17:42,227 --> 00:17:43,896
small group of people

823
00:17:43,896 --> 00:17:44,563
and now there are

824
00:17:44,563 --> 00:17:46,031
hundreds of balloons.

825
00:17:46,031 --> 00:17:46,765
Can you tell us

826
00:17:46,765 --> 00:17:47,733
more about the event

827
00:17:47,733 --> 00:17:49,334
and what it means to the city?

828
00:17:49,334 --> 00:17:50,202
Absolutely.

829
00:17:50,202 --> 00:17:52,271
Well, it started in 1972

830
00:17:52,271 --> 00:17:52,971
by a pilot

831
00:17:52,971 --> 00:17:53,972
named Sid Cutter

832
00:17:53,972 --> 00:17:54,773
who had the idea

833
00:17:54,773 --> 00:17:55,707
to get a few hot

834
00:17:55,707 --> 00:17:56,942
air balloons together.

835
00:17:56,942 --> 00:17:59,078
He managed to get 13

836
00:17:59,078 --> 00:18:01,313
together in a mall parking lot,

837
00:18:01,313 --> 00:18:02,181
and they expected

838
00:18:02,181 --> 00:18:02,948
a handful of people

839
00:18:02,948 --> 00:18:05,050
to show up and hundreds did.

840
00:18:05,050 --> 00:18:06,151
And that's when he knew

841
00:18:06,151 --> 00:18:08,187
he was really on to something.

842
00:18:08,187 --> 00:18:10,923
And 51 years later, there's

843
00:18:10,923 --> 00:18:12,224
100,000 people

844
00:18:12,224 --> 00:18:13,292
behind us on the field

845
00:18:13,292 --> 00:18:14,960
right now. My goodness.

846
00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:16,995
So the balloon museum, it's

847
00:18:16,995 --> 00:18:17,796
where you work and it's

848
00:18:17,796 --> 00:18:19,231
where we are right now.

849
00:18:19,231 --> 00:18:20,065
Could you tell us a little bit

850
00:18:20,065 --> 00:18:20,966
about the relationship

851
00:18:20,966 --> 00:18:22,000
between the balloon museum

852
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:23,135
and the Fiesta itself?

853
00:18:23,135 --> 00:18:23,936
Absolutely.

854
00:18:23,936 --> 00:18:25,537
We are very good neighbors.

855
00:18:25,537 --> 00:18:26,271
We are here

856
00:18:26,271 --> 00:18:28,841
365 days of the year.

857
00:18:28,841 --> 00:18:31,376
We started in 2005

858
00:18:31,376 --> 00:18:32,177
and we start

859
00:18:32,177 --> 00:18:33,512
with the early ballooning

860
00:18:33,512 --> 00:18:36,448
and then excuse me, the 1700s

861
00:18:36,448 --> 00:18:37,783
up through today

862
00:18:37,783 --> 00:18:38,851
exploring the history,

863
00:18:38,851 --> 00:18:39,952
science, art,

864
00:18:39,952 --> 00:18:42,187
and just wonder of ballooning.

865
00:18:42,187 --> 00:18:43,422
And if you haven't

866
00:18:43,422 --> 00:18:44,423
been to Albuquerque,

867
00:18:44,423 --> 00:18:46,358
we invite you all to come back

868
00:18:46,358 --> 00:18:48,594
and check out this museum.

869
00:18:48,694 --> 00:18:50,028
And what do you love most

870
00:18:50,028 --> 00:18:52,064
about the

871
00:18:52,064 --> 00:18:53,732
the Fiesta in the museum

872
00:18:53,732 --> 00:18:55,167
this week?

873
00:18:55,167 --> 00:18:56,068
New Mexico

874
00:18:56,068 --> 00:18:57,870
is such an enchanting place

875
00:18:57,870 --> 00:18:58,804
to be.

876
00:18:58,804 --> 00:19:00,539
And the smell of roasting

877
00:19:00,539 --> 00:19:02,307
green chile in the air.

878
00:19:02,307 --> 00:19:03,876
There is nothing like it.

879
00:19:03,876 --> 00:19:04,610
There's a reason why

880
00:19:04,610 --> 00:19:05,344
Georgia O'Keeffe

881
00:19:05,344 --> 00:19:07,279
chose this place as her home.

882
00:19:07,279 --> 00:19:09,314
It's because of the open sky

883
00:19:09,314 --> 00:19:10,849
and the beautiful landscape.

884
00:19:10,849 --> 00:19:11,783
And we get to enjoy

885
00:19:11,783 --> 00:19:13,719
so much of that, too, here.

886
00:19:13,719 --> 00:19:15,120
And when you think about it,

887
00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:16,622
there's like a spotlight

888
00:19:16,622 --> 00:19:18,257
shining on Albuquerque.

889
00:19:18,257 --> 00:19:19,791
And I think it's probably

890
00:19:19,791 --> 00:19:20,359
the best place

891
00:19:20,359 --> 00:19:21,293
in the whole wide world

892
00:19:21,293 --> 00:19:22,227
to be right now.

893
00:19:22,227 --> 00:19:23,529
Today, balloon fiesta

894
00:19:23,529 --> 00:19:24,997
and an annual eclipse.

895
00:19:24,997 --> 00:19:25,864
I can't imagine

896
00:19:25,864 --> 00:19:27,566
anything better.

897
00:19:27,566 --> 00:19:28,834
And how do you feel

898
00:19:28,834 --> 00:19:30,102
about an annual eclipse

899
00:19:30,102 --> 00:19:31,336
falling at the same time

900
00:19:31,336 --> 00:19:32,337
as the event this year?

901
00:19:32,337 --> 00:19:33,572
It's just fantastic.

902
00:19:33,572 --> 00:19:34,640
I'm so happy to be

903
00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,142
here with you all. And

904
00:19:37,209 --> 00:19:37,609
Mother

905
00:19:37,609 --> 00:19:38,877
Nature has provided us

906
00:19:38,877 --> 00:19:40,646
the perfect sky today.

907
00:19:40,646 --> 00:19:41,613
Looking this direction,

908
00:19:41,613 --> 00:19:43,448
I don't see a single cloud.

909
00:19:43,448 --> 00:19:44,183
There's a bite

910
00:19:44,183 --> 00:19:45,817
out of the sun already like

911
00:19:45,817 --> 00:19:47,386
it's been out of an apple.

912
00:19:47,386 --> 00:19:48,554
And I just am so excited

913
00:19:48,554 --> 00:19:50,923
to see the angularity. Amazing.

914
00:19:50,923 --> 00:19:51,857
Thank you so much

915
00:19:51,857 --> 00:19:52,591
for being with us.

916
00:19:52,591 --> 00:19:54,126
I'm really excited

917
00:19:54,126 --> 00:19:54,860
and enjoy

918
00:19:54,860 --> 00:19:57,763
the annual eclipse together.

919
00:19:57,763 --> 00:20:00,332
So next, we are honored to hear

920
00:20:00,332 --> 00:20:00,966
from NASA

921
00:20:00,966 --> 00:20:04,369
Administrator Bill Nelson.

922
00:20:04,469 --> 00:20:05,404
Hey, everybody.

923
00:20:05,404 --> 00:20:06,972
We're so excited that you're

924
00:20:06,972 --> 00:20:08,207
joining us today

925
00:20:08,207 --> 00:20:10,275
for this solar eclipse.

926
00:20:10,275 --> 00:20:11,877
It's when the moon passes

927
00:20:11,877 --> 00:20:14,846
between the earth and the sun.

928
00:20:14,846 --> 00:20:16,315
It's a big day

929
00:20:16,315 --> 00:20:18,450
for NASA's scientists

930
00:20:18,450 --> 00:20:21,553
because eclipses present unique

931
00:20:21,553 --> 00:20:25,257
opportunities to study the sun.

932
00:20:25,324 --> 00:20:26,758
And what we learn

933
00:20:26,758 --> 00:20:29,127
from these eclipses

934
00:20:29,127 --> 00:20:31,263
along with our Heliophysics

935
00:20:31,263 --> 00:20:34,600
research, has incredible

936
00:20:34,600 --> 00:20:36,101
benefits for our human

937
00:20:36,101 --> 00:20:37,736
exploration.

938
00:20:37,736 --> 00:20:40,172
The sun is a powerful, hot,

939
00:20:40,172 --> 00:20:41,206
glowing ball

940
00:20:41,206 --> 00:20:42,674
of hydrogen and helium,

941
00:20:42,674 --> 00:20:44,910
and it actually holds together

942
00:20:44,910 --> 00:20:46,712
the entire solar system.

943
00:20:46,712 --> 00:20:48,113
Without its energy.

944
00:20:48,113 --> 00:20:49,047
We couldn't exist

945
00:20:49,047 --> 00:20:50,382
here on earth.

946
00:20:50,382 --> 00:20:52,084
Just think

947
00:20:52,084 --> 00:20:55,721
it influences everything.

948
00:20:55,787 --> 00:20:56,688
What we do on

949
00:20:56,688 --> 00:20:59,691
earth, growing crops,

950
00:20:59,825 --> 00:21:02,828
our economics.

951
00:21:03,028 --> 00:21:05,130
It even affects our physical,

952
00:21:05,130 --> 00:21:05,597
mental

953
00:21:05,597 --> 00:21:08,433
and emotional well-being.

954
00:21:08,433 --> 00:21:11,036
We see it influences reflected

955
00:21:11,036 --> 00:21:13,005
throughout our culture as well

956
00:21:13,005 --> 00:21:13,639
in art,

957
00:21:13,639 --> 00:21:16,642
music, religion, sports.

958
00:21:16,742 --> 00:21:18,343
And when you look up today

959
00:21:18,343 --> 00:21:21,947
with your eclipse glasses,

960
00:21:22,047 --> 00:21:23,715
I hope you're going to remember

961
00:21:23,715 --> 00:21:24,816
all the ways

962
00:21:24,816 --> 00:21:27,686
that the sun impacts us.

963
00:21:27,686 --> 00:21:30,055
Nasser will never stop studying

964
00:21:30,055 --> 00:21:31,323
our closest star

965
00:21:31,323 --> 00:21:34,960
for the benefit of all of us

966
00:21:35,027 --> 00:21:36,962
terrestrial beings here

967
00:21:36,962 --> 00:21:41,233
on planet Earth.

968
00:21:41,300 --> 00:21:41,633
Thank you,

969
00:21:41,633 --> 00:21:43,302
Administrator Nelson.

970
00:21:43,302 --> 00:21:44,002
So, Michael,

971
00:21:44,002 --> 00:21:44,603
we've been getting

972
00:21:44,603 --> 00:21:45,537
a lot of questions

973
00:21:45,537 --> 00:21:46,305
on social media.

974
00:21:46,305 --> 00:21:47,472
Shall we dive in?

975
00:21:47,472 --> 00:21:49,908
Yeah, let's do it. Okay.

976
00:21:49,908 --> 00:21:51,977
So I have a question here

977
00:21:51,977 --> 00:21:54,646
from Chris Patel on YouTube.

978
00:21:54,646 --> 00:21:55,814
And they also do

979
00:21:55,814 --> 00:21:56,782
events like eclipses

980
00:21:56,782 --> 00:21:58,417
occur in a similar pattern

981
00:21:58,417 --> 00:22:00,018
geographically.

982
00:22:00,018 --> 00:22:02,187
absolutely. Geographically.

983
00:22:02,187 --> 00:22:03,422
We get the same sort

984
00:22:03,422 --> 00:22:05,223
of shape of that eclipse

985
00:22:05,223 --> 00:22:06,825
that will move

986
00:22:06,825 --> 00:22:08,060
slightly northward

987
00:22:08,060 --> 00:22:09,695
and in its progression.

988
00:22:09,695 --> 00:22:10,262
So this is called

989
00:22:10,262 --> 00:22:11,563
the Saros cycle.

990
00:22:11,563 --> 00:22:14,466
And every 18 years or so

991
00:22:14,466 --> 00:22:15,133
there's a

992
00:22:15,133 --> 00:22:16,201
repeated pattern

993
00:22:16,201 --> 00:22:18,003
of an eclipse and

994
00:22:18,003 --> 00:22:19,171
the pattern itself

995
00:22:19,171 --> 00:22:20,105
repeats a little bit

996
00:22:20,105 --> 00:22:21,273
further north each time.

997
00:22:21,273 --> 00:22:21,940
And so we get these

998
00:22:21,940 --> 00:22:22,941
overlapping patterns

999
00:22:22,941 --> 00:22:24,109
that are exactly the same over

1000
00:22:24,109 --> 00:22:25,577
time. Amazing.

1001
00:22:25,577 --> 00:22:26,278
I didn't know that.

1002
00:22:26,278 --> 00:22:28,547
Yeah, that's really surprising.

1003
00:22:28,647 --> 00:22:29,114
Okay.

1004
00:22:29,114 --> 00:22:31,083
And before I go on to my next

1005
00:22:31,083 --> 00:22:31,683
second question,

1006
00:22:31,683 --> 00:22:32,617
I just want to mention

1007
00:22:32,617 --> 00:22:34,753
that in the telescope view now,

1008
00:22:34,753 --> 00:22:36,722
we are seeing a partial eclipse

1009
00:22:36,722 --> 00:22:37,389
and a lot of bite

1010
00:22:37,389 --> 00:22:38,490
out of the sun.

1011
00:22:38,490 --> 00:22:38,657
yeah.

1012
00:22:38,657 --> 00:22:39,991
It's getting a bit bigger.

1013
00:22:39,991 --> 00:22:41,493
We're not quite to 50% yet,

1014
00:22:41,493 --> 00:22:42,394
but yeah, it is.

1015
00:22:42,394 --> 00:22:43,195
It is getting there.

1016
00:22:43,195 --> 00:22:43,895
It's pretty exciting.

1017
00:22:43,895 --> 00:22:45,230
That's so exciting.

1018
00:22:45,230 --> 00:22:45,564
Okay,

1019
00:22:45,564 --> 00:22:47,599
so the second question I have

1020
00:22:47,599 --> 00:22:49,801
is Sammy Conner on YouTube

1021
00:22:49,801 --> 00:22:50,502
and they ask,

1022
00:22:50,502 --> 00:22:51,770
How does the Ring of Fire

1023
00:22:51,770 --> 00:22:52,738
eclipse affect

1024
00:22:52,738 --> 00:22:54,139
the light from the sun

1025
00:22:54,139 --> 00:22:55,440
reaching earth?

1026
00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:56,641
that's a fantastic question,

1027
00:22:56,641 --> 00:22:57,642
because this

1028
00:22:57,642 --> 00:22:58,210
has something

1029
00:22:58,210 --> 00:22:59,277
to do with the science

1030
00:22:59,277 --> 00:22:59,845
that we can do

1031
00:22:59,845 --> 00:23:01,213
with eclipses as well.

1032
00:23:01,213 --> 00:23:02,414
So as the

1033
00:23:02,414 --> 00:23:04,015
as the sun gets blocked

1034
00:23:04,015 --> 00:23:05,650
by the moon and progressively

1035
00:23:05,650 --> 00:23:06,785
there are parts of the sun

1036
00:23:06,785 --> 00:23:07,519
active region

1037
00:23:07,519 --> 00:23:08,353
specifically that

1038
00:23:08,353 --> 00:23:09,454
will be blocked

1039
00:23:09,454 --> 00:23:10,322
and the light from

1040
00:23:10,322 --> 00:23:11,156
the active regions

1041
00:23:11,156 --> 00:23:12,257
won't be able to hit

1042
00:23:12,257 --> 00:23:13,592
the Earth's atmosphere.

1043
00:23:13,592 --> 00:23:14,559
So this will

1044
00:23:14,559 --> 00:23:15,327
we can actually study

1045
00:23:15,327 --> 00:23:15,727
the effects.

1046
00:23:15,727 --> 00:23:16,561
We can actually study

1047
00:23:16,561 --> 00:23:16,995
these effects.

1048
00:23:16,995 --> 00:23:17,896
We'll hear a little bit more

1049
00:23:17,896 --> 00:23:18,430
about this later

1050
00:23:18,430 --> 00:23:19,264
in the program.

1051
00:23:19,264 --> 00:23:20,732
Amazing. Okay.

1052
00:23:20,732 --> 00:23:22,601
So a third question is

1053
00:23:22,601 --> 00:23:24,069
one of our viewers on YouTube

1054
00:23:24,069 --> 00:23:25,237
asked, how do

1055
00:23:25,237 --> 00:23:27,205
eclipse glasses work?

1056
00:23:27,205 --> 00:23:28,273
that's a great question.

1057
00:23:28,273 --> 00:23:29,074
So these things, yeah,

1058
00:23:29,074 --> 00:23:30,175
we have eclipse glasses. Okay.

1059
00:23:30,175 --> 00:23:31,443
So you see the lenses

1060
00:23:31,443 --> 00:23:31,810
right here.

1061
00:23:31,810 --> 00:23:33,879
This is a mylar film

1062
00:23:33,879 --> 00:23:35,414
and the coating on it

1063
00:23:35,414 --> 00:23:36,281
blocks over

1064
00:23:36,281 --> 00:23:38,550
99% of the white light

1065
00:23:38,550 --> 00:23:39,418
that comes here.

1066
00:23:39,418 --> 00:23:39,985
Not only that,

1067
00:23:39,985 --> 00:23:40,819
but it also blocks

1068
00:23:40,819 --> 00:23:42,454
infrared and ultraviolet light.

1069
00:23:42,454 --> 00:23:43,488
So it keeps your entire

1070
00:23:43,488 --> 00:23:44,456
eye safe.

1071
00:23:44,456 --> 00:23:45,757
So it's really that coating

1072
00:23:45,757 --> 00:23:47,492
that keeps us safe from

1073
00:23:47,492 --> 00:23:49,261
the powerful sun's light.

1074
00:23:49,261 --> 00:23:51,129
I'm glad. Yeah, me too.

1075
00:23:51,129 --> 00:23:52,164
Thank you so much, Michael.

1076
00:23:52,164 --> 00:23:53,031
Of course.

1077
00:23:53,031 --> 00:23:53,899
So remember,

1078
00:23:53,899 --> 00:23:55,066
wherever you're watching

1079
00:23:55,066 --> 00:23:57,035
in the show,

1080
00:23:57,035 --> 00:23:57,969
ask a question

1081
00:23:57,969 --> 00:23:58,904
in the comments below

1082
00:23:58,904 --> 00:24:00,872
using the hashtag ask NASA,

1083
00:24:00,872 --> 00:24:01,640
and we'll be answering

1084
00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:03,308
more later today.

1085
00:24:03,308 --> 00:24:04,609
So now let's head

1086
00:24:04,609 --> 00:24:05,710
back to Tahira and

1087
00:24:05,710 --> 00:24:08,713
Gina in Covert Texas.

1088
00:24:08,780 --> 00:24:09,414
Thank you, Joy.

1089
00:24:09,414 --> 00:24:09,815
And Michael,

1090
00:24:09,815 --> 00:24:10,715
the weather looks great

1091
00:24:10,715 --> 00:24:12,584
in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

1092
00:24:12,584 --> 00:24:12,984
Yeah.

1093
00:24:12,984 --> 00:24:13,785
So, folks,

1094
00:24:13,785 --> 00:24:15,020
if you're just joining us,

1095
00:24:15,020 --> 00:24:16,855
we're following the 2023

1096
00:24:16,855 --> 00:24:18,423
annular solar eclipse

1097
00:24:18,423 --> 00:24:19,324
as it sweeps

1098
00:24:19,324 --> 00:24:20,959
across the Americas.

1099
00:24:20,959 --> 00:24:22,194
Now, coming up soon,

1100
00:24:22,194 --> 00:24:23,962
James at our eclipse desk

1101
00:24:23,962 --> 00:24:25,197
will be plugging us in

1102
00:24:25,197 --> 00:24:26,765
to our very first views

1103
00:24:26,765 --> 00:24:27,899
of an already

1104
00:24:27,899 --> 00:24:30,035
taking place in Eugene, Oregon.

1105
00:24:30,035 --> 00:24:30,502
Now, Gina,

1106
00:24:30,502 --> 00:24:31,536
as we anticipate

1107
00:24:31,536 --> 00:24:33,538
this beginning first moment,

1108
00:24:33,538 --> 00:24:34,506
can you walk us through

1109
00:24:34,506 --> 00:24:36,174
what exactly is happening

1110
00:24:36,174 --> 00:24:38,176
when an analogy takes place?

1111
00:24:38,176 --> 00:24:38,543
Sure.

1112
00:24:38,543 --> 00:24:39,811
So when the annual charity

1113
00:24:39,811 --> 00:24:40,846
is taking place,

1114
00:24:40,846 --> 00:24:42,113
that's when the moon

1115
00:24:42,113 --> 00:24:42,948
is going to be

1116
00:24:42,948 --> 00:24:44,216
in front of the sun.

1117
00:24:44,216 --> 00:24:45,784
Now, for the annular eclipse,

1118
00:24:45,784 --> 00:24:46,585
it's not going

1119
00:24:46,585 --> 00:24:47,853
to completely block the sun.

1120
00:24:47,853 --> 00:24:49,421
So we'll have that ring of fire

1121
00:24:49,421 --> 00:24:50,956
that we get to see in the sky.

1122
00:24:50,956 --> 00:24:52,557
And if you take a look at that

1123
00:24:52,557 --> 00:24:54,125
live feed from the telescope

1124
00:24:54,125 --> 00:24:55,427
that we're seeing right now

1125
00:24:55,427 --> 00:24:56,094
in Kerrville,

1126
00:24:56,094 --> 00:24:57,095
we already have a bite

1127
00:24:57,095 --> 00:24:57,863
taken out of the sun

1128
00:24:57,863 --> 00:24:59,364
from our perspective as well.

1129
00:24:59,364 --> 00:24:59,998
Wow.

1130
00:24:59,998 --> 00:25:00,732
And so that's just going

1131
00:25:00,732 --> 00:25:01,500
to pass

1132
00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:02,601
directly over,

1133
00:25:02,601 --> 00:25:03,768
but not fully cover it.

1134
00:25:03,768 --> 00:25:04,336
Exactly.

1135
00:25:04,336 --> 00:25:05,403
We'll still have that ring

1136
00:25:05,403 --> 00:25:06,404
peeking out.

1137
00:25:06,404 --> 00:25:07,038
Beautiful.

1138
00:25:07,038 --> 00:25:07,472
And I mean,

1139
00:25:07,472 --> 00:25:09,274
we we're seeing something,

1140
00:25:09,274 --> 00:25:10,809
but anything else happen?

1141
00:25:10,809 --> 00:25:12,143
Like what? We feel anything.

1142
00:25:12,143 --> 00:25:12,544
Yeah.

1143
00:25:12,544 --> 00:25:13,578
So that's the fun thing

1144
00:25:13,578 --> 00:25:14,913
about the solar eclipses

1145
00:25:14,913 --> 00:25:15,347
is the fact

1146
00:25:15,347 --> 00:25:16,281
that there will be

1147
00:25:16,281 --> 00:25:17,616
environmental changes.

1148
00:25:17,616 --> 00:25:18,550
So we'll feel that

1149
00:25:18,550 --> 00:25:19,651
temperature drop,

1150
00:25:19,651 --> 00:25:21,219
maybe a change in humidity

1151
00:25:21,219 --> 00:25:22,420
and wind as well.

1152
00:25:22,420 --> 00:25:24,189
But also nature will respond.

1153
00:25:24,189 --> 00:25:25,390
So check out,

1154
00:25:25,390 --> 00:25:26,124
you know how

1155
00:25:26,124 --> 00:25:27,425
it feels around you.

1156
00:25:27,425 --> 00:25:28,460
The birds will nest

1157
00:25:28,460 --> 00:25:29,828
and go back to their trees.

1158
00:25:29,828 --> 00:25:31,096
The crickets will come out

1159
00:25:31,096 --> 00:25:31,863
starting to chirp.

1160
00:25:31,863 --> 00:25:33,665
It'll feel kind of dramatic

1161
00:25:33,665 --> 00:25:34,466
when this happens.

1162
00:25:34,466 --> 00:25:35,800
You can't

1163
00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:36,601
wait to feel that

1164
00:25:36,601 --> 00:25:37,435
with you today.

1165
00:25:37,435 --> 00:25:38,270
And folks,

1166
00:25:38,270 --> 00:25:39,371
I mean, it's not just us

1167
00:25:39,371 --> 00:25:40,138
here on Earth

1168
00:25:40,138 --> 00:25:41,606
plugged into today's action.

1169
00:25:41,606 --> 00:25:42,474
Emily Furfaro

1170
00:25:42,474 --> 00:25:42,941
with NASA's

1171
00:25:42,941 --> 00:25:43,942
Communications,

1172
00:25:43,942 --> 00:25:44,910
had a chance to chat

1173
00:25:44,910 --> 00:25:46,244
with two astronauts

1174
00:25:46,244 --> 00:25:47,512
aboard the International

1175
00:25:47,512 --> 00:25:48,713
Space Station to learn

1176
00:25:48,713 --> 00:25:50,081
more about the sun

1177
00:25:50,081 --> 00:25:51,550
from their unique perspective.

1178
00:25:51,550 --> 00:25:53,618
Off our planet.

1179
00:25:53,685 --> 00:25:54,319
Jasmine

1180
00:25:54,319 --> 00:25:55,921
Satoshi, This is so

1181
00:25:55,921 --> 00:25:56,621
exciting to be

1182
00:25:56,621 --> 00:25:57,422
talking with you.

1183
00:25:57,422 --> 00:25:58,557
This is the coolest thing

1184
00:25:58,557 --> 00:25:59,457
that I've ever done.

1185
00:25:59,457 --> 00:26:00,325
As you know,

1186
00:26:00,325 --> 00:26:01,660
all eyes are going to be

1187
00:26:01,660 --> 00:26:02,394
on the sun

1188
00:26:02,394 --> 00:26:03,295
on October

1189
00:26:03,295 --> 00:26:05,297
14th as we experience

1190
00:26:05,297 --> 00:26:07,465
an annular solar eclipse.

1191
00:26:07,465 --> 00:26:08,700
And so I'm wondering,

1192
00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:09,367
have either of

1193
00:26:09,367 --> 00:26:10,435
you ever seen

1194
00:26:10,435 --> 00:26:13,038
a solar eclipse of any kind?

1195
00:26:13,038 --> 00:26:14,639
Emily Actually,

1196
00:26:14,639 --> 00:26:15,807
coincidentally,

1197
00:26:15,807 --> 00:26:18,310
my very first day at NASA

1198
00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:21,313
was August 21st, 2017,

1199
00:26:21,413 --> 00:26:23,348
which was an incredible

1200
00:26:23,348 --> 00:26:24,249
solar eclipse.

1201
00:26:24,249 --> 00:26:25,383
All my classmates

1202
00:26:25,383 --> 00:26:27,285
and I got to go outside

1203
00:26:27,285 --> 00:26:28,620
and stare up with everyone.

1204
00:26:28,620 --> 00:26:29,521
Pretty much everyone else

1205
00:26:29,521 --> 00:26:30,655
at NASA was outside

1206
00:26:30,655 --> 00:26:32,257
in those moments

1207
00:26:32,257 --> 00:26:33,625
looking at the solar eclipse.

1208
00:26:33,625 --> 00:26:34,960
So that's something

1209
00:26:34,960 --> 00:26:36,194
I'll always remember.

1210
00:26:36,194 --> 00:26:37,362
Wow. my gosh.

1211
00:26:37,362 --> 00:26:38,263
What an incredible

1212
00:26:38,263 --> 00:26:39,764
first day that must have been.

1213
00:26:39,764 --> 00:26:40,932
Solar Eclipse Events

1214
00:26:40,932 --> 00:26:42,067
provide Scientists

1215
00:26:42,067 --> 00:26:43,735
with a unique opportunity

1216
00:26:43,735 --> 00:26:44,803
to study the sun

1217
00:26:44,803 --> 00:26:45,704
in different ways.

1218
00:26:45,704 --> 00:26:47,405
So with that, I'm wondering

1219
00:26:47,405 --> 00:26:48,273
how do you study

1220
00:26:48,273 --> 00:26:50,008
space, weather and impacts

1221
00:26:50,008 --> 00:26:50,675
from the sun

1222
00:26:50,675 --> 00:26:51,743
on the International Space

1223
00:26:51,743 --> 00:26:52,277
Station?

1224
00:26:52,277 --> 00:26:52,877
Well, Emily

1225
00:26:52,877 --> 00:26:53,945
from the International

1226
00:26:53,945 --> 00:26:54,579
Space Station,

1227
00:26:54,579 --> 00:26:56,314
we have a really unique

1228
00:26:56,314 --> 00:26:57,749
vantage point

1229
00:26:57,749 --> 00:26:59,150
looking back at the earth.

1230
00:26:59,150 --> 00:27:00,151
But also there are

1231
00:27:00,151 --> 00:27:01,252
several experiments

1232
00:27:01,252 --> 00:27:02,287
actually mounted

1233
00:27:02,287 --> 00:27:03,788
right outside here

1234
00:27:03,788 --> 00:27:04,923
on the Japanese

1235
00:27:04,923 --> 00:27:06,391
experiment facility

1236
00:27:06,391 --> 00:27:08,660
outside of the JEM module

1237
00:27:08,660 --> 00:27:10,095
regarding the space

1238
00:27:10,095 --> 00:27:11,930
weather, specifically

1239
00:27:11,930 --> 00:27:14,866
from solar flare activities

1240
00:27:14,866 --> 00:27:16,034
point of view.

1241
00:27:16,034 --> 00:27:17,435
A specialist

1242
00:27:17,435 --> 00:27:19,537
on the ground kindly observe it

1243
00:27:19,537 --> 00:27:20,405
continuously

1244
00:27:20,405 --> 00:27:22,173
and when there is a

1245
00:27:22,173 --> 00:27:23,341
big solar flare,

1246
00:27:23,341 --> 00:27:25,477
they notifies it of us

1247
00:27:25,477 --> 00:27:26,845
and we move to a

1248
00:27:26,845 --> 00:27:28,279
relatively safe place

1249
00:27:28,279 --> 00:27:29,514
on the International Space

1250
00:27:29,514 --> 00:27:30,749
Station. Wow.

1251
00:27:30,749 --> 00:27:31,750
I am so glad

1252
00:27:31,750 --> 00:27:32,017
that you're

1253
00:27:32,017 --> 00:27:33,151
well protected up there

1254
00:27:33,151 --> 00:27:33,918
on the International

1255
00:27:33,918 --> 00:27:34,853
Space Station.

1256
00:27:34,853 --> 00:27:35,654
I want to touch

1257
00:27:35,654 --> 00:27:36,588
back on the annular

1258
00:27:36,588 --> 00:27:37,689
solar eclipse.

1259
00:27:37,689 --> 00:27:40,291
This celestial event kickstarts

1260
00:27:40,291 --> 00:27:41,760
NASA's heliophysics

1261
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:42,661
BCS big year,

1262
00:27:42,661 --> 00:27:43,561
which is a global

1263
00:27:43,561 --> 00:27:45,563
celebration of sun science

1264
00:27:45,563 --> 00:27:46,197
and a year

1265
00:27:46,197 --> 00:27:47,766
where we're inviting the public

1266
00:27:47,766 --> 00:27:49,134
to do as many sun

1267
00:27:49,134 --> 00:27:51,169
related activities as possible.

1268
00:27:51,169 --> 00:27:52,137
And so I'm wondering,

1269
00:27:52,137 --> 00:27:53,104
what is your favorite thing

1270
00:27:53,104 --> 00:27:54,139
about the sun?

1271
00:27:54,139 --> 00:27:54,906
Well,

1272
00:27:54,906 --> 00:27:56,508
I believe for me, I

1273
00:27:56,508 --> 00:27:59,177
don't particularly like

1274
00:27:59,277 --> 00:28:00,311
the dark and I don't

1275
00:28:00,311 --> 00:28:02,480
particularly like being cold.

1276
00:28:02,480 --> 00:28:05,316
So I'm a big fan of the light

1277
00:28:05,316 --> 00:28:07,152
and the warmth the sun brings.

1278
00:28:07,152 --> 00:28:08,853
We wouldn't be the planet

1279
00:28:08,853 --> 00:28:13,324
we are without the sun.

1280
00:28:13,391 --> 00:28:14,325
Yeah.

1281
00:28:14,325 --> 00:28:17,696
Emily, I echo yours,

1282
00:28:17,696 --> 00:28:19,197
and I like the brightness

1283
00:28:19,197 --> 00:28:20,765
as the warmth of the sun.

1284
00:28:20,765 --> 00:28:21,866
And I'm looking forward

1285
00:28:21,866 --> 00:28:23,535
to the next solar eclipse.

1286
00:28:23,535 --> 00:28:24,936
That reminds me of something

1287
00:28:24,936 --> 00:28:25,503
that my friends

1288
00:28:25,503 --> 00:28:26,705
and Heliophysics say,

1289
00:28:26,705 --> 00:28:27,238
which is that

1290
00:28:27,238 --> 00:28:29,741
the sun touches everything.

1291
00:28:29,741 --> 00:28:30,275
With that,

1292
00:28:30,275 --> 00:28:31,476
I want to thank you so much

1293
00:28:31,476 --> 00:28:32,143
for taking the time

1294
00:28:32,143 --> 00:28:32,744
to chat with me

1295
00:28:32,744 --> 00:28:34,079
today about the sun.

1296
00:28:34,079 --> 00:28:35,447
And I hope that you both have

1297
00:28:35,447 --> 00:28:36,781
a great view of the eclipse,

1298
00:28:36,781 --> 00:28:38,183
wherever you might be.

1299
00:28:38,183 --> 00:28:38,883
And good luck

1300
00:28:38,883 --> 00:28:40,085
with the rest of your mission.

1301
00:28:40,085 --> 00:28:41,019
Thanks so much.

1302
00:28:41,019 --> 00:28:46,424
Emily, Have a good one.

1303
00:28:46,524 --> 00:28:49,060
Station, this is Houston ACR.

1304
00:28:49,060 --> 00:28:52,363
Thank you.

1305
00:28:52,430 --> 00:28:54,032
I mean, how cool is that?

1306
00:28:54,032 --> 00:28:55,233
Can you imagine

1307
00:28:55,233 --> 00:28:56,401
seeing the shadow

1308
00:28:56,401 --> 00:28:57,769
of an eclipse on earth

1309
00:28:57,769 --> 00:28:59,204
from space?

1310
00:28:59,204 --> 00:28:59,704
It would just have

1311
00:28:59,704 --> 00:29:00,939
to be incredible.

1312
00:29:00,939 --> 00:29:01,606
Now, folks,

1313
00:29:01,606 --> 00:29:03,942
the crowd is growing here

1314
00:29:03,942 --> 00:29:05,076
in Kerrville, Texas,

1315
00:29:05,076 --> 00:29:07,112
as we inch closer to our moment

1316
00:29:07,112 --> 00:29:07,846
to witness

1317
00:29:07,846 --> 00:29:08,780
that ring of fire

1318
00:29:08,780 --> 00:29:10,682
effect in person.

1319
00:29:10,682 --> 00:29:11,783
Now it's a good time

1320
00:29:11,783 --> 00:29:13,151
to check in with James

1321
00:29:13,151 --> 00:29:14,552
at our eclipse desk.

1322
00:29:14,552 --> 00:29:14,986
James,

1323
00:29:14,986 --> 00:29:15,620
how are things

1324
00:29:15,620 --> 00:29:16,955
looking on your end?

1325
00:29:16,955 --> 00:29:17,822
Hey, to here. Yes.

1326
00:29:17,822 --> 00:29:18,490
So we're still just

1327
00:29:18,490 --> 00:29:19,290
a little bit away

1328
00:29:19,290 --> 00:29:20,291
from the annual charity

1329
00:29:20,291 --> 00:29:21,960
here in Kerrville, Texas.

1330
00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:22,460
Really cool

1331
00:29:22,460 --> 00:29:23,461
to see the science going on

1332
00:29:23,461 --> 00:29:24,596
in the International Space

1333
00:29:24,596 --> 00:29:25,330
Station.

1334
00:29:25,330 --> 00:29:26,131
Coincidentally,

1335
00:29:26,131 --> 00:29:26,598
there's actually

1336
00:29:26,598 --> 00:29:27,732
some really cool science

1337
00:29:27,732 --> 00:29:28,133
going on

1338
00:29:28,133 --> 00:29:28,933
just a little bit to

1339
00:29:28,933 --> 00:29:29,634
the west of us

1340
00:29:29,634 --> 00:29:30,869
in just a few moments

1341
00:29:30,869 --> 00:29:33,071
in White Sands, New Mexico.

1342
00:29:33,071 --> 00:29:33,538
And right now, I'm

1343
00:29:33,538 --> 00:29:34,672
actually joined by scientist

1344
00:29:34,672 --> 00:29:35,507
Jamie Favors,

1345
00:29:35,507 --> 00:29:36,274
who can walk us through

1346
00:29:36,274 --> 00:29:37,575
exactly what we're about to see

1347
00:29:37,575 --> 00:29:38,176
with this sounding

1348
00:29:38,176 --> 00:29:38,777
rocket launch.

1349
00:29:38,777 --> 00:29:39,043
Jamie,

1350
00:29:39,043 --> 00:29:39,878
thanks so much for joining us.

1351
00:29:39,878 --> 00:29:41,012
Thank you so much, James. Yes.

1352
00:29:41,012 --> 00:29:41,846
So is this your first

1353
00:29:41,846 --> 00:29:42,714
annular eclipse?

1354
00:29:42,714 --> 00:29:44,249
It is your first time

1355
00:29:44,249 --> 00:29:44,883
launching rockets

1356
00:29:44,883 --> 00:29:45,650
into an eclipse, too.

1357
00:29:45,650 --> 00:29:46,518
So amazing.

1358
00:29:46,518 --> 00:29:47,418
And we're about to have

1359
00:29:47,418 --> 00:29:48,753
the first of three launch.

1360
00:29:48,753 --> 00:29:49,220
As I understand,

1361
00:29:49,220 --> 00:29:50,021
we're kind of timing

1362
00:29:50,021 --> 00:29:50,922
these launches out

1363
00:29:50,922 --> 00:29:53,124
to specific times here, right?

1364
00:29:53,124 --> 00:29:54,058
Yeah, So you're exactly right.

1365
00:29:54,058 --> 00:29:55,293
So we'll have three launches

1366
00:29:55,293 --> 00:29:56,161
during the eclipse,

1367
00:29:56,161 --> 00:29:57,195
about 35 minutes

1368
00:29:57,195 --> 00:29:57,829
before the peak.

1369
00:29:57,829 --> 00:29:59,364
That will be this first one

1370
00:29:59,364 --> 00:29:59,798
right in the

1371
00:29:59,798 --> 00:30:00,398
middle of the peak.

1372
00:30:00,398 --> 00:30:01,332
And then 35 minutes

1373
00:30:01,332 --> 00:30:02,300
after the peak,

1374
00:30:02,300 --> 00:30:03,067
studying that upper

1375
00:30:03,067 --> 00:30:05,136
atmosphere, the ionosphere,

1376
00:30:05,136 --> 00:30:05,470
kind of see

1377
00:30:05,470 --> 00:30:06,337
what are the impacts

1378
00:30:06,337 --> 00:30:07,438
from the sun

1379
00:30:07,438 --> 00:30:08,606
that really change,

1380
00:30:08,606 --> 00:30:09,641
you know, important features

1381
00:30:09,641 --> 00:30:10,542
of the upper atmosphere

1382
00:30:10,542 --> 00:30:11,342
that impact things

1383
00:30:11,342 --> 00:30:13,077
like radio communications,

1384
00:30:13,077 --> 00:30:14,579
satellite operations.

1385
00:30:14,579 --> 00:30:15,213
And we just had a

1386
00:30:15,213 --> 00:30:16,014
launch yesterday

1387
00:30:16,014 --> 00:30:16,714
in Cape Canaveral,

1388
00:30:16,714 --> 00:30:18,216
Florida, of our psyche mission

1389
00:30:18,216 --> 00:30:18,683
that's going out

1390
00:30:18,683 --> 00:30:19,584
into deep space.

1391
00:30:19,584 --> 00:30:21,386
But these rockets just launched

1392
00:30:21,386 --> 00:30:22,787
actually surfaces,

1393
00:30:22,787 --> 00:30:23,421
just took off.

1394
00:30:23,421 --> 00:30:24,022
So this is actually

1395
00:30:24,022 --> 00:30:24,722
going to come back down

1396
00:30:24,722 --> 00:30:25,423
afterwards. That's right.

1397
00:30:25,423 --> 00:30:26,457
So we're seeing first stage

1398
00:30:26,457 --> 00:30:28,293
burn out here at about

1399
00:30:28,293 --> 00:30:30,795
about 6 seconds in,

1400
00:30:30,895 --> 00:30:31,863
week out, 4 seconds of the

1401
00:30:31,863 --> 00:30:33,031
rocket still moving along.

1402
00:30:33,031 --> 00:30:34,132
There we see the real

1403
00:30:34,132 --> 00:30:34,833
the pad that we just

1404
00:30:34,833 --> 00:30:36,034
launched from.

1405
00:30:36,034 --> 00:30:36,734
So as we're

1406
00:30:36,734 --> 00:30:37,502
launching into space,

1407
00:30:37,502 --> 00:30:37,902
we're going to start

1408
00:30:37,902 --> 00:30:38,803
making measurements roughly

1409
00:30:38,803 --> 00:30:40,104
about a minute into launch.

1410
00:30:40,104 --> 00:30:41,372
So we're a few seconds in now,

1411
00:30:41,372 --> 00:30:42,607
but we're getting pretty close

1412
00:30:42,607 --> 00:30:43,474
to the second stage

1413
00:30:43,474 --> 00:30:44,509
lighting off at this point

1414
00:30:44,509 --> 00:30:45,076
to take us all

1415
00:30:45,076 --> 00:30:46,377
the way into space.

1416
00:30:46,377 --> 00:30:47,378
So roughly about one minute

1417
00:30:47,378 --> 00:30:47,712
mark is

1418
00:30:47,712 --> 00:30:48,179
we start to do

1419
00:30:48,179 --> 00:30:49,414
a lot of the science

1420
00:30:49,414 --> 00:30:50,081
that the payload

1421
00:30:50,081 --> 00:30:51,482
separates from the rocket,

1422
00:30:51,482 --> 00:30:51,950
which are we have

1423
00:30:51,950 --> 00:30:52,851
some deployable

1424
00:30:52,851 --> 00:30:53,685
will release

1425
00:30:53,685 --> 00:30:54,786
from that payload out.

1426
00:30:54,786 --> 00:30:55,620
At that point,

1427
00:30:55,620 --> 00:30:56,254
we'll start moving

1428
00:30:56,254 --> 00:30:57,589
that payload around in space.

1429
00:30:57,589 --> 00:30:58,022
So that's starting

1430
00:30:58,022 --> 00:30:59,224
to make good measurements

1431
00:30:59,224 --> 00:31:00,625
with these booms or arms

1432
00:31:00,625 --> 00:31:01,025
that come off

1433
00:31:01,025 --> 00:31:02,260
of the payload, start

1434
00:31:02,260 --> 00:31:03,261
making different measurements

1435
00:31:03,261 --> 00:31:04,529
there of like magnetic

1436
00:31:04,529 --> 00:31:05,964
structures, electric structures

1437
00:31:05,964 --> 00:31:06,764
in the upper atmosphere

1438
00:31:06,764 --> 00:31:07,365
as well as temperature

1439
00:31:07,365 --> 00:31:08,533
and density.

1440
00:31:08,533 --> 00:31:09,734
You know, one way to kind of

1441
00:31:09,734 --> 00:31:11,002
think about this,

1442
00:31:11,002 --> 00:31:12,370
what the shadow of the eclipse

1443
00:31:12,370 --> 00:31:12,704
is doing,

1444
00:31:12,704 --> 00:31:13,638
that upper atmosphere,

1445
00:31:13,638 --> 00:31:14,472
it's kind of

1446
00:31:14,472 --> 00:31:15,106
it's creating

1447
00:31:15,106 --> 00:31:15,607
these waves

1448
00:31:15,607 --> 00:31:16,574
is all those temperature

1449
00:31:16,574 --> 00:31:17,442
and density changes

1450
00:31:17,442 --> 00:31:18,843
are occurring.

1451
00:31:18,843 --> 00:31:19,911
So kind of think about it

1452
00:31:19,911 --> 00:31:21,179
in the way of like a boat

1453
00:31:21,179 --> 00:31:22,380
moving through the water.

1454
00:31:22,380 --> 00:31:23,281
We've all seen a boat move

1455
00:31:23,281 --> 00:31:24,115
and you see the waves

1456
00:31:24,115 --> 00:31:25,149
propagating out from here,

1457
00:31:25,149 --> 00:31:26,284
moving away from the boat.

1458
00:31:26,284 --> 00:31:26,851
That same thing

1459
00:31:26,851 --> 00:31:27,418
is happening here

1460
00:31:27,418 --> 00:31:28,019
with the eclipse

1461
00:31:28,019 --> 00:31:29,153
and that shadow.

1462
00:31:29,153 --> 00:31:30,321
So with the three rockets,

1463
00:31:30,321 --> 00:31:30,955
we launch one

1464
00:31:30,955 --> 00:31:31,689
right before the boat

1465
00:31:31,689 --> 00:31:32,757
moves through one

1466
00:31:32,757 --> 00:31:33,558
right in the middle of the boat

1467
00:31:33,558 --> 00:31:34,292
coming by

1468
00:31:34,292 --> 00:31:34,726
and then one

1469
00:31:34,726 --> 00:31:35,460
right after the boat

1470
00:31:35,460 --> 00:31:35,894
moves toward

1471
00:31:35,894 --> 00:31:37,228
the Eclipse shadow suite.

1472
00:31:37,228 --> 00:31:39,097
And so we are just now

1473
00:31:39,097 --> 00:31:39,964
a couple of minutes away

1474
00:31:39,964 --> 00:31:40,732
from actually getting

1475
00:31:40,732 --> 00:31:41,733
angularity here

1476
00:31:41,733 --> 00:31:42,901
in Kerrville, Texas.

1477
00:31:42,901 --> 00:31:43,534
Our first view

1478
00:31:43,534 --> 00:31:44,402
is actually going to be up

1479
00:31:44,402 --> 00:31:45,603
in the Pacific Northwest,

1480
00:31:45,603 --> 00:31:47,171
up in Eugene, Oregon.

1481
00:31:47,171 --> 00:31:47,672
They are going to

1482
00:31:47,672 --> 00:31:48,306
be experiencing

1483
00:31:48,306 --> 00:31:49,173
this starting at around

1484
00:31:49,173 --> 00:31:51,209
917 local time.

1485
00:31:51,209 --> 00:31:51,576
Jamie,

1486
00:31:51,576 --> 00:31:52,076
thank you so much

1487
00:31:52,076 --> 00:31:52,610
for joining us.

1488
00:31:52,610 --> 00:31:53,111
Best of luck

1489
00:31:53,111 --> 00:31:54,312
for the next two launches.

1490
00:31:54,312 --> 00:31:54,812
Thank you so much.

1491
00:31:54,812 --> 00:31:57,448
James, back to you To hear.

1492
00:31:57,515 --> 00:31:58,416
Well, I mean,

1493
00:31:58,416 --> 00:31:59,050
if the day

1494
00:31:59,050 --> 00:32:00,318
wasn't exciting enough, now

1495
00:32:00,318 --> 00:32:01,052
we've got a rocket

1496
00:32:01,052 --> 00:32:02,253
launch in the mix.

1497
00:32:02,253 --> 00:32:03,488
This is so exciting.

1498
00:32:03,488 --> 00:32:04,656
It's incredible.

1499
00:32:04,656 --> 00:32:06,824
And I mean,

1500
00:32:06,824 --> 00:32:07,492
what a massive

1501
00:32:07,492 --> 00:32:08,593
broadcast, right?

1502
00:32:08,593 --> 00:32:09,627
And so thank you,

1503
00:32:09,627 --> 00:32:10,795
James and Jamie.

1504
00:32:10,795 --> 00:32:11,396
Now, Gina,

1505
00:32:11,396 --> 00:32:12,563
we have a lot

1506
00:32:12,563 --> 00:32:13,264
of great questions

1507
00:32:13,264 --> 00:32:13,631
rolling in

1508
00:32:13,631 --> 00:32:14,599
from our viewers online.

1509
00:32:14,599 --> 00:32:14,999
How do you feel

1510
00:32:14,999 --> 00:32:15,833
about taking a few?

1511
00:32:15,833 --> 00:32:17,936
Let's do it. Okay. Let's do it.

1512
00:32:17,936 --> 00:32:19,170
So our first question

1513
00:32:19,170 --> 00:32:20,538
is from Entertainment

1514
00:32:20,538 --> 00:32:21,372
on Facebook.

1515
00:32:21,372 --> 00:32:22,240
Who asks,

1516
00:32:22,240 --> 00:32:24,609
how often do eclipses happen?

1517
00:32:24,609 --> 00:32:25,310
Great question.

1518
00:32:25,310 --> 00:32:26,210
Well, thank you for that.

1519
00:32:26,210 --> 00:32:27,845
So there are actually

1520
00:32:27,845 --> 00:32:29,314
eclipse seasons

1521
00:32:29,314 --> 00:32:30,214
and so

1522
00:32:30,214 --> 00:32:31,950
we can get eclipses

1523
00:32:31,950 --> 00:32:34,385
about 2 to 3 times a year.

1524
00:32:34,385 --> 00:32:35,753
You might expect them to happen

1525
00:32:35,753 --> 00:32:37,188
every time there's a new moon,

1526
00:32:37,188 --> 00:32:38,456
but that's not the case

1527
00:32:38,456 --> 00:32:40,024
because the orbit of the moon

1528
00:32:40,024 --> 00:32:41,125
is tilted

1529
00:32:41,125 --> 00:32:42,493
by about five degrees,

1530
00:32:42,493 --> 00:32:43,561
which means sometimes

1531
00:32:43,561 --> 00:32:45,330
the shadow is a little too high

1532
00:32:45,330 --> 00:32:46,164
and it doesn't hit earth

1533
00:32:46,164 --> 00:32:47,732
and sometimes a little too low.

1534
00:32:47,732 --> 00:32:48,633
So we need those

1535
00:32:48,633 --> 00:32:49,534
Eclipse seasons

1536
00:32:49,534 --> 00:32:51,135
as that sweet spot.

1537
00:32:51,135 --> 00:32:51,769
Okay, nice.

1538
00:32:51,769 --> 00:32:52,570
And so I actually have

1539
00:32:52,570 --> 00:32:53,304
a really great

1540
00:32:53,304 --> 00:32:54,539
follow up to that.

1541
00:32:54,539 --> 00:32:54,706
Okay.

1542
00:32:54,706 --> 00:32:56,674
Spectacular science on Pot

1543
00:32:56,674 --> 00:32:57,742
Spectacular Science

1544
00:32:57,742 --> 00:32:59,544
podcast on YouTube asks,

1545
00:32:59,544 --> 00:33:00,511
How do you predict

1546
00:33:00,511 --> 00:33:02,580
solar Eclipse?

1547
00:33:02,647 --> 00:33:04,048
Well, it's actually

1548
00:33:04,048 --> 00:33:05,016
pretty straightforward

1549
00:33:05,016 --> 00:33:06,484
how to calculate the eclipses,

1550
00:33:06,484 --> 00:33:07,452
because we have a

1551
00:33:07,452 --> 00:33:08,720
good understanding

1552
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:09,887
of the moon's orbit.

1553
00:33:09,887 --> 00:33:11,356
We have a good understanding

1554
00:33:11,356 --> 00:33:12,890
of the Earth's orbit

1555
00:33:12,890 --> 00:33:14,292
and how that whole system

1556
00:33:14,292 --> 00:33:15,126
is connected.

1557
00:33:15,126 --> 00:33:16,594
And so we kind of take that

1558
00:33:16,594 --> 00:33:17,295
the geometry

1559
00:33:17,295 --> 00:33:18,363
and the inputs that we have

1560
00:33:18,363 --> 00:33:18,963
and we're able

1561
00:33:18,963 --> 00:33:21,532
to very pretty accurately

1562
00:33:21,532 --> 00:33:22,834
predict those eclipses.

1563
00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:23,801
And so

1564
00:33:23,801 --> 00:33:24,769
these are things that we can

1565
00:33:24,769 --> 00:33:25,236
look out

1566
00:33:25,236 --> 00:33:26,637
decades in advance

1567
00:33:26,637 --> 00:33:27,372
to understand

1568
00:33:27,372 --> 00:33:29,674
when eclipses can occur. cool.

1569
00:33:29,674 --> 00:33:30,742
And so

1570
00:33:30,742 --> 00:33:31,642
how often out

1571
00:33:31,642 --> 00:33:32,076
like would

1572
00:33:32,076 --> 00:33:33,177
an eclipse pass

1573
00:33:33,177 --> 00:33:34,946
in the same city, do you know?

1574
00:33:34,946 --> 00:33:36,080
Well, so for four

1575
00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:37,849
total solar eclipses,

1576
00:33:37,849 --> 00:33:40,385
it's very unique for

1577
00:33:40,385 --> 00:33:41,652
for an eclipse to pass

1578
00:33:41,652 --> 00:33:43,654
more than it's about once

1579
00:33:43,654 --> 00:33:45,323
every 375 years

1580
00:33:45,323 --> 00:33:46,124
that a location

1581
00:33:46,124 --> 00:33:47,792
can experience it.

1582
00:33:47,792 --> 00:33:49,761
So it's pretty hard to be

1583
00:33:49,761 --> 00:33:51,696
in the same spot to see a total

1584
00:33:51,696 --> 00:33:53,231
solar eclipse more than once.

1585
00:33:53,231 --> 00:33:54,599
Awesome. Yeah.

1586
00:33:54,599 --> 00:33:58,403
So we have a user on X

1587
00:33:58,403 --> 00:33:59,404
who asks,

1588
00:33:59,404 --> 00:33:59,604
Well,

1589
00:33:59,604 --> 00:34:01,172
the International Space Station

1590
00:34:01,172 --> 00:34:02,974
PHOTOBOMBED the eclipse.

1591
00:34:02,974 --> 00:34:05,176
That would look very cool.

1592
00:34:05,176 --> 00:34:05,543
Yeah.

1593
00:34:05,543 --> 00:34:06,144
And so we just

1594
00:34:06,144 --> 00:34:07,545
got to hear from,

1595
00:34:07,545 --> 00:34:07,945
you know,

1596
00:34:07,945 --> 00:34:08,713
the International

1597
00:34:08,713 --> 00:34:09,547
Space Station.

1598
00:34:09,547 --> 00:34:11,115
And the unique thing

1599
00:34:11,115 --> 00:34:12,750
about our astronauts on board

1600
00:34:12,750 --> 00:34:13,351
is that they have

1601
00:34:13,351 --> 00:34:14,852
a totally different vantage

1602
00:34:14,852 --> 00:34:15,386
point

1603
00:34:15,386 --> 00:34:17,522
for studying the eclipses,

1604
00:34:17,522 --> 00:34:19,357
and they get to actually view

1605
00:34:19,357 --> 00:34:20,491
the shadow of the moon

1606
00:34:20,491 --> 00:34:21,993
as it passes over the earth.

1607
00:34:21,993 --> 00:34:22,894
And there are experiments

1608
00:34:22,894 --> 00:34:23,995
that we have onboard

1609
00:34:23,995 --> 00:34:25,196
the space station as well.

1610
00:34:25,196 --> 00:34:25,897
And so,

1611
00:34:25,897 --> 00:34:26,464
you know, with now,

1612
00:34:26,464 --> 00:34:27,365
so we have all

1613
00:34:27,365 --> 00:34:28,266
of these different

1614
00:34:28,266 --> 00:34:29,467
eclipse experiments

1615
00:34:29,467 --> 00:34:30,535
that are taking place

1616
00:34:30,535 --> 00:34:32,103
and we try to take advantage

1617
00:34:32,103 --> 00:34:33,271
of every perspective

1618
00:34:33,271 --> 00:34:35,873
that we have. Awesome.

1619
00:34:35,973 --> 00:34:37,375
So we have a final

1620
00:34:37,375 --> 00:34:38,509
question from Dante.

1621
00:34:38,509 --> 00:34:38,976
This is going to be

1622
00:34:38,976 --> 00:34:39,977
a quick one,

1623
00:34:39,977 --> 00:34:41,813
but Dante on Facebook,

1624
00:34:41,813 --> 00:34:42,380
who wants to know,

1625
00:34:42,380 --> 00:34:43,981
will the moon block solar

1626
00:34:43,981 --> 00:34:45,616
wind along its path

1627
00:34:45,616 --> 00:34:46,651
during this ring

1628
00:34:46,651 --> 00:34:48,019
of fire eclipse?

1629
00:34:48,019 --> 00:34:49,554
I love that question.

1630
00:34:49,554 --> 00:34:52,323
So the solar wind is actually

1631
00:34:52,323 --> 00:34:54,525
a stream of charged particles

1632
00:34:54,525 --> 00:34:55,426
that's constantly

1633
00:34:55,426 --> 00:34:56,694
coming off of the sun

1634
00:34:56,694 --> 00:34:58,296
and it interacts with the earth

1635
00:34:58,296 --> 00:34:59,564
and other planets

1636
00:34:59,564 --> 00:35:00,865
in our solar system.

1637
00:35:00,865 --> 00:35:02,733
Now, the Earth's magnetic field

1638
00:35:02,733 --> 00:35:03,768
actually blocks

1639
00:35:03,768 --> 00:35:05,970
the majority of those particles

1640
00:35:05,970 --> 00:35:07,171
from interacting with Earth.

1641
00:35:07,171 --> 00:35:08,506
Some are able to get through

1642
00:35:08,506 --> 00:35:09,340
and interact

1643
00:35:09,340 --> 00:35:10,675
with our upper atmosphere.

1644
00:35:10,675 --> 00:35:11,442
But for the sake

1645
00:35:11,442 --> 00:35:13,044
of the eclipse,

1646
00:35:13,044 --> 00:35:14,912
most of the particles

1647
00:35:14,912 --> 00:35:15,713
will still kind of

1648
00:35:15,713 --> 00:35:16,981
be able to be deflected

1649
00:35:16,981 --> 00:35:17,582
around the Earth's

1650
00:35:17,582 --> 00:35:18,583
magnetic field.

1651
00:35:18,583 --> 00:35:19,350
There will be some

1652
00:35:19,350 --> 00:35:19,917
that are able

1653
00:35:19,917 --> 00:35:20,852
to interact with the moon,

1654
00:35:20,852 --> 00:35:21,452
but it wouldn't

1655
00:35:21,452 --> 00:35:22,787
have a huge impact

1656
00:35:22,787 --> 00:35:24,722
on what we experience at Earth.

1657
00:35:24,722 --> 00:35:25,289
Fantastic.

1658
00:35:25,289 --> 00:35:26,324
Thank you so much, Gina.

1659
00:35:26,324 --> 00:35:27,458
And thank you to everybody

1660
00:35:27,458 --> 00:35:28,092
sending in these

1661
00:35:28,092 --> 00:35:29,427
questions online.

1662
00:35:29,427 --> 00:35:31,062
We will get to some more of

1663
00:35:31,062 --> 00:35:32,797
what what you want to know

1664
00:35:32,797 --> 00:35:34,365
by later on in the show.

1665
00:35:34,365 --> 00:35:36,033
So keep sending those questions

1666
00:35:36,033 --> 00:35:38,836
in using the hashtag ask NASA.

1667
00:35:38,836 --> 00:35:40,471
Now, let's check in with Joy

1668
00:35:40,471 --> 00:35:41,205
and Michael to

1669
00:35:41,205 --> 00:35:43,174
see what's new in.

1670
00:35:43,241 --> 00:35:43,774
Joy, how's

1671
00:35:43,774 --> 00:35:47,044
it going?

1672
00:35:47,111 --> 00:35:48,346
Thanks to her and Gina.

1673
00:35:48,346 --> 00:35:49,247
So we're just under

1674
00:35:49,247 --> 00:35:50,248
30 minutes away

1675
00:35:50,248 --> 00:35:51,048
from any clarity

1676
00:35:51,048 --> 00:35:52,750
in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

1677
00:35:52,750 --> 00:35:53,117
Michael,

1678
00:35:53,117 --> 00:35:54,152
should we put on our glasses

1679
00:35:54,152 --> 00:35:54,852
to see what

1680
00:35:54,852 --> 00:35:56,053
the sun and moon are doing?

1681
00:35:56,053 --> 00:35:56,954
Yeah. Let's do it.

1682
00:35:56,954 --> 00:35:59,323
Okay.

1683
00:35:59,323 --> 00:35:59,924
Okay.

1684
00:35:59,924 --> 00:36:02,193
So you're seeing a D partial

1685
00:36:02,193 --> 00:36:02,827
solar eclipse.

1686
00:36:02,827 --> 00:36:03,961
More than half of the sun

1687
00:36:03,961 --> 00:36:04,729
is blocked out,

1688
00:36:04,729 --> 00:36:05,396
and so you just see

1689
00:36:05,396 --> 00:36:06,864
a crescent of sunlight

1690
00:36:06,864 --> 00:36:08,332
peeking out.

1691
00:36:08,332 --> 00:36:08,766
Wow.

1692
00:36:08,766 --> 00:36:10,735
That is amazing.

1693
00:36:10,735 --> 00:36:11,435
Angularity.

1694
00:36:11,435 --> 00:36:12,436
Is this going to be stunning?

1695
00:36:12,436 --> 00:36:13,337
I can't wait.

1696
00:36:13,337 --> 00:36:14,205
I can't wait either.

1697
00:36:14,205 --> 00:36:16,073
This is terribly exciting.

1698
00:36:16,073 --> 00:36:16,774
You can see a balloon

1699
00:36:16,774 --> 00:36:17,942
inflating behind us.

1700
00:36:17,942 --> 00:36:19,577
We have annual already coming.

1701
00:36:19,577 --> 00:36:20,711
It is all coming together

1702
00:36:20,711 --> 00:36:21,179
today.

1703
00:36:21,179 --> 00:36:22,046
I just can't believe

1704
00:36:22,046 --> 00:36:23,014
that an annular eclipse

1705
00:36:23,014 --> 00:36:24,282
is happening at the same time

1706
00:36:24,282 --> 00:36:25,149
as the fiesta.

1707
00:36:25,149 --> 00:36:25,950
It really feels

1708
00:36:25,950 --> 00:36:26,851
special, doesn't it?

1709
00:36:26,851 --> 00:36:28,186
And actually, earlier

1710
00:36:28,186 --> 00:36:28,686
this week,

1711
00:36:28,686 --> 00:36:30,555
I even got to fly in a hot

1712
00:36:30,555 --> 00:36:31,088
air balloon,

1713
00:36:31,088 --> 00:36:33,224
which is just amazing.

1714
00:36:33,224 --> 00:36:34,125
That's fantastic.

1715
00:36:34,125 --> 00:36:35,159
I met an amazing

1716
00:36:35,159 --> 00:36:35,726
balloon pilot,

1717
00:36:35,726 --> 00:36:36,394
Jonathan Wolff,

1718
00:36:36,394 --> 00:36:37,562
who's been launching balloons

1719
00:36:37,562 --> 00:36:39,497
in Albuquerque for decades.

1720
00:36:39,497 --> 00:36:40,731
So let's take a look at.

1721
00:36:40,731 --> 00:36:44,402
All right.

1722
00:36:44,468 --> 00:36:45,403
So for complete

1723
00:36:45,403 --> 00:36:48,539
newbies, how does a hot air

1724
00:36:48,539 --> 00:36:49,507
balloon work?

1725
00:36:49,507 --> 00:36:50,875
It's a great question.

1726
00:36:50,875 --> 00:36:52,343
It's physics

1727
00:36:52,343 --> 00:36:53,044
simply

1728
00:36:53,044 --> 00:36:54,245
we heat up the air

1729
00:36:54,245 --> 00:36:55,580
inside the plane

1730
00:36:55,580 --> 00:36:58,115
and that makes it less dense

1731
00:36:58,115 --> 00:37:01,686
and then that makes it float.

1732
00:37:01,953 --> 00:37:03,554
Now, what that means,

1733
00:37:03,554 --> 00:37:04,555
though, is

1734
00:37:04,555 --> 00:37:07,291
we can only control up and down

1735
00:37:07,291 --> 00:37:08,826
the way we fly

1736
00:37:08,826 --> 00:37:10,194
and the way we navigate

1737
00:37:10,194 --> 00:37:11,028
is by choosing

1738
00:37:11,028 --> 00:37:13,064
different layers of,

1739
00:37:13,064 --> 00:37:14,165
air to fly it.

1740
00:37:14,165 --> 00:37:16,234
And I've heard that there is

1741
00:37:16,234 --> 00:37:18,603
a box for the Albuquerque box.

1742
00:37:18,603 --> 00:37:19,403
Could you explain

1743
00:37:19,403 --> 00:37:20,037
what that means?

1744
00:37:20,037 --> 00:37:20,438
Certainly.

1745
00:37:20,438 --> 00:37:21,205
It's one of the reasons

1746
00:37:21,205 --> 00:37:21,839
why Albuquerque

1747
00:37:21,839 --> 00:37:23,307
is a famous place for.

1748
00:37:23,307 --> 00:37:25,643
Sometimes what happens is

1749
00:37:25,643 --> 00:37:27,178
at a higher elevation,

1750
00:37:27,178 --> 00:37:29,146
the wind is going to the north

1751
00:37:29,146 --> 00:37:30,414
and at the surface

1752
00:37:30,414 --> 00:37:31,682
it's going to the south.

1753
00:37:31,682 --> 00:37:31,983
That's what

1754
00:37:31,983 --> 00:37:33,484
we call the Albuquerque box.

1755
00:37:33,484 --> 00:37:34,952
Sometimes the box works out

1756
00:37:34,952 --> 00:37:36,687
such that you can fly

1757
00:37:36,687 --> 00:37:39,190
to the south and go up north

1758
00:37:39,190 --> 00:37:40,224
and then come down

1759
00:37:40,224 --> 00:37:40,725
and fly back

1760
00:37:40,725 --> 00:37:42,660
south and land

1761
00:37:42,660 --> 00:37:43,728
right where you took off,

1762
00:37:43,728 --> 00:37:44,862
which is an extraordinary

1763
00:37:44,862 --> 00:37:46,163
and wonderful accomplishment.

1764
00:37:46,163 --> 00:37:47,064
It's super fun

1765
00:37:47,064 --> 00:37:47,798
when you can do that.

1766
00:37:47,798 --> 00:37:48,933
So for someone who's

1767
00:37:48,933 --> 00:37:50,534
never been in a balloon,

1768
00:37:50,534 --> 00:37:51,836
what is it like?

1769
00:37:51,836 --> 00:37:52,570
It's unlike

1770
00:37:52,570 --> 00:37:53,404
any other form

1771
00:37:53,404 --> 00:37:55,873
of flying in a balloon.

1772
00:37:55,873 --> 00:37:57,575
You're actually outside, right?

1773
00:37:57,575 --> 00:37:59,710
You're standing on the basket

1774
00:37:59,710 --> 00:38:01,512
and there's no windows.

1775
00:38:01,512 --> 00:38:02,480
You're just out there

1776
00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:03,147
in the air.

1777
00:38:03,147 --> 00:38:05,616
And it's just science, right?

1778
00:38:05,616 --> 00:38:06,984
It's buoyancy.

1779
00:38:06,984 --> 00:38:07,718
Like I said,

1780
00:38:07,718 --> 00:38:09,387
it's applied physics,

1781
00:38:09,387 --> 00:38:10,588
but it feels like magic.

1782
00:38:10,588 --> 00:38:12,923
It's a balloon or eclipse.

1783
00:38:13,024 --> 00:38:14,125
I love that.

1784
00:38:14,125 --> 00:38:15,760
It's very calm.

1785
00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:17,428
There's no movement.

1786
00:38:17,428 --> 00:38:18,529
No, no wind.

1787
00:38:18,529 --> 00:38:19,297
When you're moving,

1788
00:38:19,297 --> 00:38:20,364
you're moving with the wind.

1789
00:38:20,364 --> 00:38:21,799
So you're at equilibrium.

1790
00:38:21,799 --> 00:38:23,834
It feels very calm and peaceful

1791
00:38:23,834 --> 00:38:24,835
at the same time.

1792
00:38:24,835 --> 00:38:26,437
It's really exciting

1793
00:38:26,437 --> 00:38:27,238
and it's intense.

1794
00:38:27,238 --> 00:38:28,439
So it's this wonderful

1795
00:38:28,439 --> 00:38:29,974
combination of

1796
00:38:29,974 --> 00:38:32,410
intensity and mellow, serene,

1797
00:38:32,410 --> 00:38:34,245
tranquil beauty,

1798
00:38:34,245 --> 00:38:35,913
observing nature.

1799
00:38:35,913 --> 00:38:37,381
You can never experience that

1800
00:38:37,381 --> 00:38:42,687
in any other form of flight.

1801
00:38:42,753 --> 00:38:43,154
Wow.

1802
00:38:43,154 --> 00:38:43,821
That brings back

1803
00:38:43,821 --> 00:38:45,189
great memories.

1804
00:38:45,189 --> 00:38:46,390
And if you can hear

1805
00:38:46,390 --> 00:38:47,591
the wind behind us

1806
00:38:47,591 --> 00:38:48,092
that actually

1807
00:38:48,092 --> 00:38:49,193
inflating the balloon

1808
00:38:49,193 --> 00:38:51,195
I rode in just behind us,

1809
00:38:51,195 --> 00:38:52,296
which is so cool.

1810
00:38:52,296 --> 00:38:52,997
So was that

1811
00:38:52,997 --> 00:38:53,798
your first balloon ride?

1812
00:38:53,798 --> 00:38:55,433
It was my first free ride.

1813
00:38:55,433 --> 00:38:56,100
my goodness.

1814
00:38:56,100 --> 00:38:57,134
How did it go?

1815
00:38:57,134 --> 00:38:57,601
I remember

1816
00:38:57,601 --> 00:38:59,270
taking one about 20 years ago

1817
00:38:59,270 --> 00:39:00,271
and it was fantastic.

1818
00:39:00,271 --> 00:39:00,571
What do you

1819
00:39:00,571 --> 00:39:01,605
what was your experience?

1820
00:39:01,605 --> 00:39:02,940
The most surprising thing

1821
00:39:02,940 --> 00:39:03,974
is that when you're up there,

1822
00:39:03,974 --> 00:39:04,542
you don't feel

1823
00:39:04,542 --> 00:39:06,043
any wind against you

1824
00:39:06,043 --> 00:39:06,744
because you're

1825
00:39:06,744 --> 00:39:08,379
actually moving with the wind.

1826
00:39:08,379 --> 00:39:10,881
So it feels completely calm.

1827
00:39:10,881 --> 00:39:11,482
that's fantastic.

1828
00:39:11,482 --> 00:39:12,817
So would you do it again?

1829
00:39:12,817 --> 00:39:14,452
I found it terribly relaxing.

1830
00:39:14,452 --> 00:39:16,854
100%, yes.

1831
00:39:16,854 --> 00:39:19,156
So it was actually also not

1832
00:39:19,156 --> 00:39:19,790
that chilly.

1833
00:39:19,790 --> 00:39:20,758
We were only a few hundred

1834
00:39:20,758 --> 00:39:21,826
feet off the ground as well.

1835
00:39:21,826 --> 00:39:22,159
Wow.

1836
00:39:22,159 --> 00:39:22,660
That's amazing

1837
00:39:22,660 --> 00:39:23,361
because it's been

1838
00:39:23,361 --> 00:39:25,196
chilly here all morning.

1839
00:39:25,262 --> 00:39:25,796
So as we

1840
00:39:25,796 --> 00:39:26,597
learned earlier,

1841
00:39:26,597 --> 00:39:27,832
NASA's scientific

1842
00:39:27,832 --> 00:39:29,633
balloons fly much higher.

1843
00:39:29,633 --> 00:39:30,634
They actually reach a part

1844
00:39:30,634 --> 00:39:31,736
of our upper atmosphere

1845
00:39:31,736 --> 00:39:32,903
where our International Space

1846
00:39:32,903 --> 00:39:33,838
Station lives

1847
00:39:33,838 --> 00:39:35,039
and where some of our satellite

1848
00:39:35,039 --> 00:39:35,973
fly as well.

1849
00:39:35,973 --> 00:39:37,074
So it's really important

1850
00:39:37,074 --> 00:39:37,608
we learn about

1851
00:39:37,608 --> 00:39:38,442
this upper region

1852
00:39:38,442 --> 00:39:39,310
and how it could affect

1853
00:39:39,310 --> 00:39:41,412
our lives on Earth. And NASA.

1854
00:39:41,412 --> 00:39:43,013
NOAA are two agencies

1855
00:39:43,013 --> 00:39:44,448
in the US that work together

1856
00:39:44,448 --> 00:39:45,683
to help study this.

1857
00:39:45,683 --> 00:39:46,317
And I'm going to

1858
00:39:46,317 --> 00:39:46,951
two people

1859
00:39:46,951 --> 00:39:48,185
who can tell us more.

1860
00:39:48,185 --> 00:39:49,120
So we have Dr.

1861
00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:51,122
Elsayed Talaat from NOAA and Dr.

1862
00:39:51,122 --> 00:39:52,323
Kelly Korreck from NASA.

1863
00:39:52,323 --> 00:39:52,823
Thank you both

1864
00:39:52,823 --> 00:39:54,091
so much for joining us.

1865
00:39:54,091 --> 00:39:55,226
Very excited to be here.

1866
00:39:55,226 --> 00:39:56,193
Very excited to be here.

1867
00:39:56,193 --> 00:39:57,695
Thank you so much.

1868
00:39:57,695 --> 00:39:58,763
So let's start off

1869
00:39:58,763 --> 00:39:59,463
with the basics.

1870
00:39:59,463 --> 00:40:00,064
Elsayed 

1871
00:40:00,064 --> 00:40:01,232
what are these changes

1872
00:40:01,232 --> 00:40:03,467
we see in the upper region?

1873
00:40:03,467 --> 00:40:03,934
Well,

1874
00:40:03,934 --> 00:40:04,468
that's what

1875
00:40:04,468 --> 00:40:05,636
we part of what we call

1876
00:40:05,636 --> 00:40:06,537
space weather,

1877
00:40:06,537 --> 00:40:06,971
which is the

1878
00:40:06,971 --> 00:40:08,506
variable conditions on the sun,

1879
00:40:08,506 --> 00:40:10,441
the earth and near earth

1880
00:40:10,441 --> 00:40:11,308
space

1881
00:40:11,308 --> 00:40:12,476
due to solar

1882
00:40:12,476 --> 00:40:14,278
and geomagnetic activity

1883
00:40:14,278 --> 00:40:15,212
and storms

1884
00:40:15,212 --> 00:40:15,546
and that

1885
00:40:15,546 --> 00:40:17,181
that can affect human activity

1886
00:40:17,181 --> 00:40:17,815
and our

1887
00:40:17,815 --> 00:40:19,917
technological infrastructure.

1888
00:40:19,984 --> 00:40:20,184
Wow.

1889
00:40:20,184 --> 00:40:20,651
Fascinating.

1890
00:40:20,651 --> 00:40:21,452
So, Kelly,

1891
00:40:21,452 --> 00:40:23,187
how does space weather actually

1892
00:40:23,187 --> 00:40:25,489
affect our life here on Earth?

1893
00:40:25,489 --> 00:40:26,323
Well,

1894
00:40:26,323 --> 00:40:27,324
we had alluded

1895
00:40:27,324 --> 00:40:28,726
to the fact that it

1896
00:40:28,726 --> 00:40:30,094
challenges our technology.

1897
00:40:30,094 --> 00:40:30,928
So our power grids

1898
00:40:30,928 --> 00:40:32,296
are sensitive to those currents

1899
00:40:32,296 --> 00:40:34,231
that can be induced by this,

1900
00:40:34,231 --> 00:40:35,166
as well as our satellites

1901
00:40:35,166 --> 00:40:36,333
could also be impacted

1902
00:40:36,333 --> 00:40:37,034
by these flares

1903
00:40:37,034 --> 00:40:38,169
in the space weather

1904
00:40:38,169 --> 00:40:39,203
and we get some beautiful

1905
00:40:39,203 --> 00:40:39,637
things, too.

1906
00:40:39,637 --> 00:40:41,439
We get the aurora out of it.

1907
00:40:41,439 --> 00:40:42,540
Have you ever seen the aurora?

1908
00:40:42,540 --> 00:40:43,374
I have.

1909
00:40:43,374 --> 00:40:43,741
It has

1910
00:40:43,741 --> 00:40:44,809
was absolutely beautiful.

1911
00:40:44,809 --> 00:40:45,910
I laid on the ground for hours

1912
00:40:45,910 --> 00:40:48,279
in the snow watching it.

1913
00:40:48,279 --> 00:40:50,181
So talking about space weather

1914
00:40:50,181 --> 00:40:50,881
and the activity

1915
00:40:50,881 --> 00:40:52,383
in the atmosphere,

1916
00:40:52,383 --> 00:40:53,384
how do you know

1917
00:40:53,384 --> 00:40:54,752
NASA work together

1918
00:40:54,752 --> 00:40:55,786
to better understand

1919
00:40:55,786 --> 00:40:58,189
those phenomena?

1920
00:40:58,189 --> 00:41:00,357
Yeah, NOAA's a go to resource

1921
00:41:00,357 --> 00:41:01,892
for space weather information.

1922
00:41:01,892 --> 00:41:03,027
It watches the sun

1923
00:41:03,027 --> 00:41:05,029
and the Earth 24 seven

1924
00:41:05,029 --> 00:41:06,363
and is the nation's

1925
00:41:06,363 --> 00:41:08,365
official source of forecasts,

1926
00:41:08,365 --> 00:41:09,200
warnings and alerts

1927
00:41:09,200 --> 00:41:10,234
for space weather

1928
00:41:10,234 --> 00:41:11,502
to help decision makers

1929
00:41:11,502 --> 00:41:12,536
prevent and mitigate

1930
00:41:12,536 --> 00:41:13,404
the effects of space

1931
00:41:13,404 --> 00:41:15,105
weather here on Earth.

1932
00:41:15,172 --> 00:41:15,873
In order to do

1933
00:41:15,873 --> 00:41:16,407
this, we need

1934
00:41:16,407 --> 00:41:18,709
information and know it works

1935
00:41:18,709 --> 00:41:19,710
with asset

1936
00:41:19,710 --> 00:41:22,580
to design, develop and deploy

1937
00:41:22,580 --> 00:41:23,247
space weather,

1938
00:41:23,247 --> 00:41:24,682
operational satellites

1939
00:41:24,682 --> 00:41:27,084
to safeguard our society.

1940
00:41:27,084 --> 00:41:28,919
And what's NASA's role?

1941
00:41:28,919 --> 00:41:30,354
So now it is a partner

1942
00:41:30,354 --> 00:41:30,855
with Noah

1943
00:41:30,855 --> 00:41:32,857
and we focus on the science

1944
00:41:32,857 --> 00:41:33,924
and make sure

1945
00:41:33,924 --> 00:41:35,226
that we are understanding

1946
00:41:35,226 --> 00:41:36,393
our star and can do better

1947
00:41:36,393 --> 00:41:37,394
and better predictions as.

1948
00:41:37,394 --> 00:41:39,163
Scientists use models

1949
00:41:39,163 --> 00:41:40,164
and the data

1950
00:41:40,164 --> 00:41:41,632
from all of these satellites

1951
00:41:41,632 --> 00:41:42,933
in order to better understand

1952
00:41:42,933 --> 00:41:44,268
space weather.

1953
00:41:44,268 --> 00:41:44,835
And what are

1954
00:41:44,835 --> 00:41:46,103
some of the biggest mysteries

1955
00:41:46,103 --> 00:41:47,037
around space weather?

1956
00:41:47,037 --> 00:41:48,506
What don't we know about it?

1957
00:41:48,506 --> 00:41:49,206
there's so much.

1958
00:41:49,206 --> 00:41:49,807
I mean, let's start

1959
00:41:49,807 --> 00:41:50,474
at the sun, right?

1960
00:41:50,474 --> 00:41:52,309
That's that's the focus today.

1961
00:41:52,309 --> 00:41:53,744
Even how to predict flares

1962
00:41:53,744 --> 00:41:54,879
long term

1963
00:41:54,879 --> 00:41:56,146
or those or those large

1964
00:41:56,146 --> 00:41:57,081
coronal mass,

1965
00:41:57,081 --> 00:41:57,548
those billions

1966
00:41:57,548 --> 00:41:58,249
of tons of material

1967
00:41:58,249 --> 00:41:58,983
that come off,

1968
00:41:58,983 --> 00:41:59,884
we don't quite know

1969
00:41:59,884 --> 00:42:00,818
how to predict them

1970
00:42:00,818 --> 00:42:02,586
for a long term yet.

1971
00:42:02,586 --> 00:42:02,887
Well, I'm

1972
00:42:02,887 --> 00:42:04,121
so glad we have two

1973
00:42:04,121 --> 00:42:06,490
agencies on the case.

1974
00:42:06,557 --> 00:42:07,291
Thank you both.

1975
00:42:07,291 --> 00:42:08,259
L.Z.

1976
00:42:08,259 --> 00:42:09,093
and Kelly,

1977
00:42:09,093 --> 00:42:11,028
thank you both for joining us.

1978
00:42:11,028 --> 00:42:12,296
So did you know

1979
00:42:12,296 --> 00:42:13,230
that space weather

1980
00:42:13,230 --> 00:42:14,131
is also affected

1981
00:42:14,131 --> 00:42:15,833
by solar eclipses?

1982
00:42:15,833 --> 00:42:17,167
One citizen science project

1983
00:42:17,167 --> 00:42:17,968
does experiments

1984
00:42:17,968 --> 00:42:18,702
during the annular

1985
00:42:18,702 --> 00:42:20,004
solar eclipse and the total

1986
00:42:20,004 --> 00:42:20,905
solar eclipse.

1987
00:42:20,905 --> 00:42:21,805
So let's learn

1988
00:42:21,805 --> 00:42:24,508
more about that project.

1989
00:42:24,508 --> 00:42:25,743
When the moon blocks the sun

1990
00:42:25,743 --> 00:42:27,244
during a solar eclipse,

1991
00:42:27,244 --> 00:42:28,612
there is a noticeable impact

1992
00:42:28,612 --> 00:42:30,347
on Earth's upper atmosphere

1993
00:42:30,347 --> 00:42:32,516
known as the ionosphere.

1994
00:42:32,516 --> 00:42:33,717
These changes can affect

1995
00:42:33,717 --> 00:42:35,019
radio communications,

1996
00:42:35,019 --> 00:42:36,854
including amateur radio,

1997
00:42:36,854 --> 00:42:39,089
also known as ham radio.

1998
00:42:39,089 --> 00:42:39,990
Ham radio is a way

1999
00:42:39,990 --> 00:42:40,891
you can talk to people

2000
00:42:40,891 --> 00:42:42,359
all around the world.

2001
00:42:42,359 --> 00:42:43,861
You set up a radio,

2002
00:42:43,861 --> 00:42:44,895
an antenna,

2003
00:42:44,895 --> 00:42:46,397
you talk into the radio.

2004
00:42:46,397 --> 00:42:47,898
The radio sends a signal

2005
00:42:47,898 --> 00:42:49,099
up to the antenna.

2006
00:42:49,099 --> 00:42:50,834
The antenna sends a signal

2007
00:42:50,834 --> 00:42:52,069
up to the sky.

2008
00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:53,070
It bounces off

2009
00:42:53,070 --> 00:42:54,405
of the electrified

2010
00:42:54,405 --> 00:42:55,539
layer of the sky

2011
00:42:55,539 --> 00:42:56,674
back down to earth,

2012
00:42:56,674 --> 00:42:57,308
where you can talk to

2013
00:42:57,308 --> 00:42:59,243
the person on the other side.

2014
00:42:59,243 --> 00:43:00,544
During the 2023

2015
00:43:00,544 --> 00:43:01,478
annual eclipse

2016
00:43:01,478 --> 00:43:03,581
and the 2024 total eclipse.

2017
00:43:03,581 --> 00:43:05,316
The Ham PSI Citizen Science

2018
00:43:05,316 --> 00:43:06,483
Project is inviting

2019
00:43:06,483 --> 00:43:08,152
ham radio operators

2020
00:43:08,152 --> 00:43:10,287
to transmit radio signals.

2021
00:43:10,287 --> 00:43:11,488
The goal is to have people

2022
00:43:11,488 --> 00:43:13,090
make as many radio contacts

2023
00:43:13,090 --> 00:43:14,058
as they can

2024
00:43:14,058 --> 00:43:14,959
with operators

2025
00:43:14,959 --> 00:43:15,993
in different locations

2026
00:43:15,993 --> 00:43:17,895
during these celestial events

2027
00:43:17,895 --> 00:43:19,163
by recording how strong

2028
00:43:19,163 --> 00:43:20,464
their radio signals are

2029
00:43:20,464 --> 00:43:21,832
and how far they go.

2030
00:43:21,832 --> 00:43:22,533
Ham radio

2031
00:43:22,533 --> 00:43:24,301
operators and scientists

2032
00:43:24,301 --> 00:43:25,035
can learn about

2033
00:43:25,035 --> 00:43:26,704
how the ionosphere changes

2034
00:43:26,704 --> 00:43:28,472
during solar eclipses.

2035
00:43:28,472 --> 00:43:29,373
Sometimes you can

2036
00:43:29,373 --> 00:43:30,574
talk around the world

2037
00:43:30,574 --> 00:43:32,142
and sometimes you can't.

2038
00:43:32,142 --> 00:43:33,544
And that's all based on

2039
00:43:33,544 --> 00:43:35,412
what the ionosphere is doing,

2040
00:43:35,412 --> 00:43:36,814
what the sun is doing.

2041
00:43:36,814 --> 00:43:37,581
But when it works

2042
00:43:37,581 --> 00:43:38,716
and you are able to talk

2043
00:43:38,716 --> 00:43:40,084
to these faraway places.

2044
00:43:40,084 --> 00:43:41,685
I find that really magical

2045
00:43:41,685 --> 00:43:42,086
to learn

2046
00:43:42,086 --> 00:43:43,387
how you can participate.

2047
00:43:43,387 --> 00:43:43,787
Follow.

2048
00:43:43,787 --> 00:43:45,322
Do NASA's Science on X

2049
00:43:45,322 --> 00:43:49,960
and Facebook.

2050
00:43:50,027 --> 00:43:51,328
There are currently

2051
00:43:51,328 --> 00:43:52,863
experiments happening right now

2052
00:43:52,863 --> 00:43:53,731
across the country,

2053
00:43:53,731 --> 00:43:54,565
and they'll be more

2054
00:43:54,565 --> 00:43:55,366
during the total

2055
00:43:55,366 --> 00:43:56,734
solar eclipse on April

2056
00:43:56,734 --> 00:43:58,402
8th, 2024.

2057
00:43:58,402 --> 00:43:59,036
If you want to learn

2058
00:43:59,036 --> 00:44:00,204
how to participate,

2059
00:44:00,204 --> 00:44:02,406
go to ham site dot org.

2060
00:44:02,406 --> 00:44:03,140
So next,

2061
00:44:03,140 --> 00:44:04,408
we're thrilled to be joined

2062
00:44:04,408 --> 00:44:05,342
with the acting director

2063
00:44:05,342 --> 00:44:06,510
of NASA's Heliophysics

2064
00:44:06,510 --> 00:44:08,078
division in Peg Luce 

2065
00:44:08,078 --> 00:44:08,612
Thank you so much

2066
00:44:08,612 --> 00:44:09,279
for joining us.

2067
00:44:09,279 --> 00:44:11,315
It's such a pleasure.

2068
00:44:11,315 --> 00:44:12,916
So how are you feeling

2069
00:44:12,916 --> 00:44:15,185
about the annual eclipse today?

2070
00:44:15,185 --> 00:44:15,686
wow.

2071
00:44:15,686 --> 00:44:16,620
It's happening

2072
00:44:16,620 --> 00:44:18,288
and we've been looking forward

2073
00:44:18,288 --> 00:44:20,224
to this for so long.

2074
00:44:20,224 --> 00:44:21,258
These are a rare

2075
00:44:21,258 --> 00:44:22,126
celestial event

2076
00:44:22,126 --> 00:44:22,726
that people can

2077
00:44:22,726 --> 00:44:24,328
actually experience

2078
00:44:24,328 --> 00:44:25,262
the effects of.

2079
00:44:25,262 --> 00:44:25,963
So it's really,

2080
00:44:25,963 --> 00:44:26,830
really exciting.

2081
00:44:26,830 --> 00:44:29,233
I'm so, so excited. I do, too.

2082
00:44:29,233 --> 00:44:30,100
So we've been chatting

2083
00:44:30,100 --> 00:44:31,802
about the sun all morning,

2084
00:44:31,802 --> 00:44:33,404
but can you tell us in detail

2085
00:44:33,404 --> 00:44:36,040
what Heliophysics is?

2086
00:44:36,040 --> 00:44:37,474
That is a good question

2087
00:44:37,474 --> 00:44:39,576
many people ask.

2088
00:44:39,576 --> 00:44:41,078
Heliophysics is actually a word

2089
00:44:41,078 --> 00:44:41,779
that isn't yet

2090
00:44:41,779 --> 00:44:42,680
in the dictionary,

2091
00:44:42,680 --> 00:44:44,848
so we want to put it there.

2092
00:44:44,848 --> 00:44:47,518
But Kealia is the sun physics,

2093
00:44:47,518 --> 00:44:48,152
the science

2094
00:44:48,152 --> 00:44:49,486
of matter and energy

2095
00:44:49,486 --> 00:44:50,387
and how they interact.

2096
00:44:50,387 --> 00:44:52,423
So we study the sun,

2097
00:44:52,423 --> 00:44:53,624
how it works,

2098
00:44:53,624 --> 00:44:55,526
how its energy flows out

2099
00:44:55,526 --> 00:44:56,260
and affects

2100
00:44:56,260 --> 00:44:57,728
all the planets, creates

2101
00:44:57,728 --> 00:44:59,296
the solar system.

2102
00:44:59,296 --> 00:45:02,299
And it's a very complex field

2103
00:45:02,299 --> 00:45:04,435
and very exciting to study.

2104
00:45:04,435 --> 00:45:05,335
So we heard earlier

2105
00:45:05,335 --> 00:45:06,870
that the sun touches

2106
00:45:06,870 --> 00:45:07,805
everything.

2107
00:45:07,805 --> 00:45:09,406
Can you describe a little bit

2108
00:45:09,406 --> 00:45:10,674
about how the sun touches

2109
00:45:10,674 --> 00:45:11,375
other NASA's

2110
00:45:11,375 --> 00:45:12,976
science disciplines? Yes.

2111
00:45:12,976 --> 00:45:13,944
So we like to say that

2112
00:45:13,944 --> 00:45:15,813
Heliophysics is really the

2113
00:45:15,813 --> 00:45:17,414
the science that interfaces

2114
00:45:17,414 --> 00:45:18,148
and collaborates

2115
00:45:18,148 --> 00:45:19,049
with all of the other

2116
00:45:19,049 --> 00:45:20,217
areas of science

2117
00:45:20,217 --> 00:45:21,652
and NASA's studies.

2118
00:45:21,652 --> 00:45:24,655
For instance, the Sun is a star

2119
00:45:24,722 --> 00:45:26,356
and it's the only star

2120
00:45:26,356 --> 00:45:27,658
that we can actually

2121
00:45:27,658 --> 00:45:28,959
study up close.

2122
00:45:28,959 --> 00:45:31,962
So for our astronomer s

2123
00:45:31,995 --> 00:45:33,664
astrophysics friends,

2124
00:45:33,664 --> 00:45:36,066
we can learn in detail

2125
00:45:36,066 --> 00:45:37,935
how our star looks,

2126
00:45:37,935 --> 00:45:38,769
how it changes,

2127
00:45:38,769 --> 00:45:39,803
how dynamic of this

2128
00:45:39,803 --> 00:45:41,638
when they're using their tools

2129
00:45:41,638 --> 00:45:42,306
like James Webb

2130
00:45:42,306 --> 00:45:43,307
Space Telescope

2131
00:45:43,307 --> 00:45:45,442
to study distant stars,

2132
00:45:45,442 --> 00:45:47,811
they have up close information

2133
00:45:47,811 --> 00:45:49,880
from from what we have learned.

2134
00:45:49,880 --> 00:45:50,447
And then, of course,

2135
00:45:50,447 --> 00:45:52,316
from the sun's energy

2136
00:45:52,316 --> 00:45:53,183
flows around

2137
00:45:53,183 --> 00:45:54,651
all of the planets.

2138
00:45:54,651 --> 00:45:55,586
It interacts

2139
00:45:55,586 --> 00:45:56,920
with the earth,

2140
00:45:56,920 --> 00:45:57,855
space weather

2141
00:45:57,855 --> 00:45:58,922
affects the

2142
00:45:58,922 --> 00:46:00,124
atmosphere of the earth.

2143
00:46:00,124 --> 00:46:02,159
And so it really is

2144
00:46:02,159 --> 00:46:03,494
a collaborative

2145
00:46:03,494 --> 00:46:06,463
and exciting field of study.

2146
00:46:06,463 --> 00:46:07,030
I love that

2147
00:46:07,030 --> 00:46:07,431
the sun

2148
00:46:07,431 --> 00:46:09,233
touches everything at NASA.

2149
00:46:09,233 --> 00:46:10,601
So how does NASA's

2150
00:46:10,601 --> 00:46:11,268
touch everything

2151
00:46:11,268 --> 00:46:12,736
we have here on Earth?

2152
00:46:12,736 --> 00:46:14,471
So I like to

2153
00:46:14,471 --> 00:46:17,241
take this opportunity to

2154
00:46:17,341 --> 00:46:18,842
remind people about

2155
00:46:18,842 --> 00:46:19,910
NASA's science.

2156
00:46:19,910 --> 00:46:21,044
So when most people

2157
00:46:21,044 --> 00:46:22,045
when they think of NASA,

2158
00:46:22,045 --> 00:46:23,380
they think of astronauts

2159
00:46:23,380 --> 00:46:24,481
and human spaceflight,

2160
00:46:24,481 --> 00:46:25,716
which is, of course,

2161
00:46:25,716 --> 00:46:26,517
so exciting.

2162
00:46:26,517 --> 00:46:29,520
But NASA's science is rewriting

2163
00:46:29,520 --> 00:46:31,321
the textbooks all the time.

2164
00:46:31,321 --> 00:46:33,490
We have so many discoveries

2165
00:46:33,490 --> 00:46:36,160
and just so much.

2166
00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:37,327
We have a

2167
00:46:37,327 --> 00:46:38,295
Parker Solar probe

2168
00:46:38,295 --> 00:46:39,563
that is flying through

2169
00:46:39,563 --> 00:46:41,198
the corona of the sun.

2170
00:46:41,198 --> 00:46:42,432
We have the Voyagers

2171
00:46:42,432 --> 00:46:43,534
that are outside

2172
00:46:43,534 --> 00:46:44,968
the heliosphere.

2173
00:46:44,968 --> 00:46:45,769
We have

2174
00:46:45,769 --> 00:46:47,104
so much to learn

2175
00:46:47,104 --> 00:46:48,672
that I could never even begin

2176
00:46:48,672 --> 00:46:49,773
to talk about it.

2177
00:46:49,773 --> 00:46:50,974
But I want to invite people

2178
00:46:50,974 --> 00:46:52,709
to go to Nassau at home

2179
00:46:52,709 --> 00:46:53,911
and check it out,

2180
00:46:53,911 --> 00:46:54,945
as you'll get

2181
00:46:54,945 --> 00:46:55,846
just a little bit

2182
00:46:55,846 --> 00:46:57,214
of more information

2183
00:46:57,214 --> 00:46:58,348
about all that NASA's

2184
00:46:58,348 --> 00:46:59,583
science does.

2185
00:46:59,583 --> 00:47:00,284
It's an exciting

2186
00:47:00,284 --> 00:47:01,185
time for NASA's science.

2187
00:47:01,185 --> 00:47:02,219
It really is.

2188
00:47:02,219 --> 00:47:03,287
Thank you so much, Peggy.

2189
00:47:03,287 --> 00:47:04,388
Thank you.

2190
00:47:04,388 --> 00:47:05,656
So now let's head

2191
00:47:05,656 --> 00:47:06,557
back to the Eclipse

2192
00:47:06,557 --> 00:47:07,958
desk in Kerrville, Texas,

2193
00:47:07,958 --> 00:47:08,826
where they're about to start

2194
00:47:08,826 --> 00:47:09,893
tracking the start

2195
00:47:09,893 --> 00:47:10,894
of the annual eclipse

2196
00:47:10,894 --> 00:47:14,298
across the United States.

2197
00:47:14,398 --> 00:47:15,199
Thank you, Joy,

2198
00:47:15,199 --> 00:47:16,233
Michael and Peg.

2199
00:47:16,233 --> 00:47:16,867
And Joy,

2200
00:47:16,867 --> 00:47:18,468
you are absolutely right.

2201
00:47:18,468 --> 00:47:18,802
Folks,

2202
00:47:18,802 --> 00:47:20,404
we are moments away

2203
00:47:20,404 --> 00:47:21,872
from the start of today's

2204
00:47:21,872 --> 00:47:24,041
annular eclipse in Oregon.

2205
00:47:24,041 --> 00:47:25,609
Now, I know I'm excited.

2206
00:47:25,609 --> 00:47:27,411
This will be the first time

2207
00:47:27,411 --> 00:47:28,412
I've ever witnessed

2208
00:47:28,412 --> 00:47:29,513
one of these events.

2209
00:47:29,513 --> 00:47:30,714
And I hope you are, too.

2210
00:47:30,714 --> 00:47:31,882
It'll be my first

2211
00:47:31,882 --> 00:47:33,584
annular eclipse as well.

2212
00:47:33,584 --> 00:47:35,252
But I was lucky enough

2213
00:47:35,252 --> 00:47:36,453
to see the 2017

2214
00:47:36,453 --> 00:47:37,654
total solar eclipse,

2215
00:47:37,654 --> 00:47:38,589
and that

2216
00:47:38,589 --> 00:47:39,890
experience was amazing.

2217
00:47:39,890 --> 00:47:40,924
So I think we're

2218
00:47:40,924 --> 00:47:41,792
in for a treat today.

2219
00:47:41,792 --> 00:47:42,492
So this is going to be

2220
00:47:42,492 --> 00:47:43,594
a totally new experience

2221
00:47:43,594 --> 00:47:43,994
for you.

2222
00:47:43,994 --> 00:47:45,062
It will be, yeah.

2223
00:47:45,062 --> 00:47:46,163
And so, Gina, actually,

2224
00:47:46,163 --> 00:47:46,563
you know what?

2225
00:47:46,563 --> 00:47:47,497
Let's go ahead

2226
00:47:47,497 --> 00:47:48,532
and see if we can pull up

2227
00:47:48,532 --> 00:47:49,266
the telescope

2228
00:47:49,266 --> 00:47:50,834
feed from our friends

2229
00:47:50,834 --> 00:47:53,337
at time and date.

2230
00:47:53,337 --> 00:47:54,838
Wow. Look at that.

2231
00:47:54,838 --> 00:47:55,572
San Diego.

2232
00:47:55,572 --> 00:47:56,807
San Diego.

2233
00:47:56,807 --> 00:47:57,841
I've got a live view

2234
00:47:57,841 --> 00:47:58,609
of San Diego,

2235
00:47:58,609 --> 00:48:00,043
California, right now.

2236
00:48:00,043 --> 00:48:01,945
What a beautiful

2237
00:48:01,945 --> 00:48:03,480
partial eclipse. Yeah.

2238
00:48:03,480 --> 00:48:04,514
I mean, the sun.

2239
00:48:04,514 --> 00:48:05,315
It's a crescent.

2240
00:48:05,315 --> 00:48:07,217
Normally, we refer to the moon

2241
00:48:07,217 --> 00:48:08,018
as a crescent moon,

2242
00:48:08,018 --> 00:48:09,353
but this time it's the sun.

2243
00:48:09,353 --> 00:48:09,753
And, I mean,

2244
00:48:09,753 --> 00:48:10,921
normally we see, you

2245
00:48:10,921 --> 00:48:12,289
know, the sun in the sky,

2246
00:48:12,289 --> 00:48:13,624
the moon in the sky.

2247
00:48:13,624 --> 00:48:15,259
Occasionally

2248
00:48:15,259 --> 00:48:16,293
they might be together.

2249
00:48:16,293 --> 00:48:17,527
But to see them

2250
00:48:17,527 --> 00:48:19,463
overlapping, it's just.

2251
00:48:19,463 --> 00:48:20,297
It really reminds you

2252
00:48:20,297 --> 00:48:21,832
that we're a part of this

2253
00:48:21,832 --> 00:48:23,000
entire system.

2254
00:48:23,000 --> 00:48:24,134
I know. And it's.

2255
00:48:24,134 --> 00:48:25,769
You're playing together, right?

2256
00:48:25,769 --> 00:48:26,536
And you can tell,

2257
00:48:26,536 --> 00:48:27,871
I mean, from this view,

2258
00:48:27,871 --> 00:48:29,606
you can really appreciate

2259
00:48:29,606 --> 00:48:30,073
the fact

2260
00:48:30,073 --> 00:48:31,909
that from our perspective of

2261
00:48:31,909 --> 00:48:32,476
the moon

2262
00:48:32,476 --> 00:48:34,244
and the sun seem to look like

2263
00:48:34,244 --> 00:48:35,178
they're the same size,

2264
00:48:35,178 --> 00:48:36,380
even though in reality

2265
00:48:36,380 --> 00:48:37,414
they're not. Right.

2266
00:48:37,414 --> 00:48:38,548
It's incredible, you know.

2267
00:48:38,548 --> 00:48:39,082
Right now,

2268
00:48:39,082 --> 00:48:40,050
let's go ahead

2269
00:48:40,050 --> 00:48:41,285
and check in with James

2270
00:48:41,285 --> 00:48:43,954
at our eclipse desk. James,

2271
00:48:44,021 --> 00:48:45,522
what's the latest?

2272
00:48:45,522 --> 00:48:46,523
Yeah, hate to hear us.

2273
00:48:46,523 --> 00:48:47,057
So we have

2274
00:48:47,057 --> 00:48:48,325
officially kicked off

2275
00:48:48,325 --> 00:48:49,526
angularity here

2276
00:48:49,526 --> 00:48:50,694
in the United States.

2277
00:48:50,694 --> 00:48:51,261
If we look at our

2278
00:48:51,261 --> 00:48:52,095
Eclipse Explorer,

2279
00:48:52,095 --> 00:48:53,063
you can see that

2280
00:48:53,063 --> 00:48:54,364
the area of effect of that

2281
00:48:54,364 --> 00:48:55,666
annular eclipse has now

2282
00:48:55,666 --> 00:48:57,367
hit Eugene, Oregon.

2283
00:48:57,367 --> 00:48:57,834
They should have

2284
00:48:57,834 --> 00:48:58,936
a phenomenal view there.

2285
00:48:58,936 --> 00:48:59,836
And just a reminder

2286
00:48:59,836 --> 00:49:00,737
to all of our viewers

2287
00:49:00,737 --> 00:49:01,672
who are in that region,

2288
00:49:01,672 --> 00:49:02,973
the Pacific Northwest,

2289
00:49:02,973 --> 00:49:04,041
be sure to use your eclipse

2290
00:49:04,041 --> 00:49:05,042
glasses as you're

2291
00:49:05,042 --> 00:49:06,376
looking at the sun

2292
00:49:06,376 --> 00:49:07,177
and the moon above.

2293
00:49:07,177 --> 00:49:07,611
You should have

2294
00:49:07,611 --> 00:49:08,412
a beautiful sight

2295
00:49:08,412 --> 00:49:09,112
at this moment

2296
00:49:09,112 --> 00:49:09,579
that's going to last

2297
00:49:09,579 --> 00:49:10,847
for just a couple of minutes.

2298
00:49:10,847 --> 00:49:11,982
So really take advantage

2299
00:49:11,982 --> 00:49:12,649
of that big moment.

2300
00:49:12,649 --> 00:49:13,317
You just saw that view

2301
00:49:13,317 --> 00:49:14,484
in San Diego.

2302
00:49:14,484 --> 00:49:14,952
Even if you're

2303
00:49:14,952 --> 00:49:16,153
outside of this area,

2304
00:49:16,153 --> 00:49:16,853
you might still have

2305
00:49:16,853 --> 00:49:17,754
a beautiful view

2306
00:49:17,754 --> 00:49:19,389
of a partial eclipse.

2307
00:49:19,389 --> 00:49:20,524
And if I zoom in on

2308
00:49:20,524 --> 00:49:21,692
to our little area

2309
00:49:21,692 --> 00:49:23,193
of annual clarity,

2310
00:49:23,193 --> 00:49:23,727
you'll notice

2311
00:49:23,727 --> 00:49:24,394
kind of a couple

2312
00:49:24,394 --> 00:49:25,429
of little bumps

2313
00:49:25,429 --> 00:49:26,430
and things here,

2314
00:49:26,430 --> 00:49:27,965
which you might initially think

2315
00:49:27,965 --> 00:49:29,766
is because it's low resolution,

2316
00:49:29,766 --> 00:49:30,500
maybe it's a little bit,

2317
00:49:30,500 --> 00:49:32,035
you know, low res here,

2318
00:49:32,035 --> 00:49:33,603
but the inverse

2319
00:49:33,603 --> 00:49:34,471
is actually true.

2320
00:49:34,471 --> 00:49:35,005
We actually have

2321
00:49:35,005 --> 00:49:36,940
an incredible amount of data

2322
00:49:36,940 --> 00:49:37,307
feeding

2323
00:49:37,307 --> 00:49:38,375
into our Eclipse Explorer

2324
00:49:38,375 --> 00:49:39,476
to generate the images

2325
00:49:39,476 --> 00:49:40,110
and the predictions

2326
00:49:40,110 --> 00:49:40,711
that you're seeing

2327
00:49:40,711 --> 00:49:41,845
on your screen.

2328
00:49:41,845 --> 00:49:43,447
This tool takes into account

2329
00:49:43,447 --> 00:49:45,182
two unique things.

2330
00:49:45,182 --> 00:49:47,517
One is obviously the topography

2331
00:49:47,517 --> 00:49:47,884
of earth.

2332
00:49:47,884 --> 00:49:49,486
So mountains, river valleys,

2333
00:49:49,486 --> 00:49:50,020
all kinds,

2334
00:49:50,020 --> 00:49:51,121
little divots and things

2335
00:49:51,121 --> 00:49:52,222
as that shadow moves

2336
00:49:52,222 --> 00:49:53,490
across the land.

2337
00:49:53,490 --> 00:49:54,658
But also

2338
00:49:54,658 --> 00:49:55,726
and really interestingly,

2339
00:49:55,726 --> 00:49:56,793
it takes into account

2340
00:49:56,793 --> 00:49:58,862
the shape of the moon.

2341
00:49:58,862 --> 00:49:59,563
When you think of the moon,

2342
00:49:59,563 --> 00:50:00,063
you might just think

2343
00:50:00,063 --> 00:50:01,631
it's perfectly circular.

2344
00:50:01,631 --> 00:50:02,866
But there are so many

2345
00:50:02,866 --> 00:50:03,700
little objects

2346
00:50:03,700 --> 00:50:05,369
like mountains and craters

2347
00:50:05,369 --> 00:50:06,336
and all kinds of things

2348
00:50:06,336 --> 00:50:07,604
dotting the surface

2349
00:50:07,604 --> 00:50:08,538
that are all being fed

2350
00:50:08,538 --> 00:50:09,606
into this prediction

2351
00:50:09,606 --> 00:50:10,240
that you're seeing here

2352
00:50:10,240 --> 00:50:10,474
that will

2353
00:50:10,474 --> 00:50:11,041
then show

2354
00:50:11,041 --> 00:50:11,775
you exactly

2355
00:50:11,775 --> 00:50:12,342
what the shadow

2356
00:50:12,342 --> 00:50:13,310
is going to look like.

2357
00:50:13,310 --> 00:50:14,144
You won't really be able

2358
00:50:14,144 --> 00:50:15,312
to see this difference

2359
00:50:15,312 --> 00:50:15,846
from the ground.

2360
00:50:15,846 --> 00:50:16,780
But if you're up in space

2361
00:50:16,780 --> 00:50:17,714
looking down at this,

2362
00:50:17,714 --> 00:50:18,315
you'll actually be able

2363
00:50:18,315 --> 00:50:20,283
to see that area kind of ripple

2364
00:50:20,283 --> 00:50:21,351
almost as it's moving

2365
00:50:21,351 --> 00:50:22,285
across the terrain.

2366
00:50:22,285 --> 00:50:23,320
So definitely,

2367
00:50:23,320 --> 00:50:23,787
I encourage you

2368
00:50:23,787 --> 00:50:24,654
to check out this tool.

2369
00:50:24,654 --> 00:50:26,056
It's a really phenomenal

2370
00:50:26,056 --> 00:50:27,124
one that's really just

2371
00:50:27,124 --> 00:50:28,592
using so much data

2372
00:50:28,592 --> 00:50:29,693
to feed into this.

2373
00:50:29,693 --> 00:50:30,160
And again,

2374
00:50:30,160 --> 00:50:30,761
even if you're

2375
00:50:30,761 --> 00:50:32,329
outside of this area,

2376
00:50:32,329 --> 00:50:34,531
I encourage you to use our tool

2377
00:50:34,531 --> 00:50:35,165
to kind of predict

2378
00:50:35,165 --> 00:50:35,832
what you're going to see.

2379
00:50:35,832 --> 00:50:36,867
So if I scroll all the way

2380
00:50:36,867 --> 00:50:37,968
over to the East Coast

2381
00:50:37,968 --> 00:50:38,568
and I zoom

2382
00:50:38,568 --> 00:50:39,269
all the way out here,

2383
00:50:39,269 --> 00:50:40,871
you can just see just how large

2384
00:50:40,871 --> 00:50:41,471
this area

2385
00:50:41,471 --> 00:50:42,639
of partial eclipse is.

2386
00:50:42,639 --> 00:50:44,374
This kind of outer circle

2387
00:50:44,374 --> 00:50:45,709
that you see here is areas

2388
00:50:45,709 --> 00:50:46,443
that might be having

2389
00:50:46,443 --> 00:50:47,644
a partial eclipse.

2390
00:50:47,644 --> 00:50:48,278
So if I click on,

2391
00:50:48,278 --> 00:50:49,446
for example, Philadelphia,

2392
00:50:49,446 --> 00:50:49,946
I know

2393
00:50:49,946 --> 00:50:50,580
quite a few people

2394
00:50:50,580 --> 00:50:51,481
watching there,

2395
00:50:51,481 --> 00:50:51,815
It looks like

2396
00:50:51,815 --> 00:50:52,783
it might be a little bit rainy,

2397
00:50:52,783 --> 00:50:53,617
but if the sky

2398
00:50:53,617 --> 00:50:54,584
clears up for you,

2399
00:50:54,584 --> 00:50:56,553
you'll have a peak coverage

2400
00:50:56,553 --> 00:50:57,454
for your partial eclipse

2401
00:50:57,454 --> 00:50:59,322
at around 121 local time.

2402
00:50:59,322 --> 00:51:01,224
So still plenty of time for you

2403
00:51:01,224 --> 00:51:02,659
to get your glasses ready

2404
00:51:02,659 --> 00:51:03,727
in order to get your pinhole

2405
00:51:03,727 --> 00:51:05,195
projectors created.

2406
00:51:05,195 --> 00:51:06,229
You had that instructions

2407
00:51:06,229 --> 00:51:07,564
earlier in the broadcast

2408
00:51:07,564 --> 00:51:09,199
and really just take advantage

2409
00:51:09,199 --> 00:51:10,233
of this incredible

2410
00:51:10,233 --> 00:51:11,401
celestial moment.

2411
00:51:11,401 --> 00:51:12,569
These don't really happen

2412
00:51:12,569 --> 00:51:13,370
very often.

2413
00:51:13,370 --> 00:51:14,271
So it's a

2414
00:51:14,271 --> 00:51:15,305
really unique experience

2415
00:51:15,305 --> 00:51:16,139
to be able to witness this

2416
00:51:16,139 --> 00:51:17,007
live from here

2417
00:51:17,007 --> 00:51:18,241
in Kerrville, Texas.

2418
00:51:18,241 --> 00:51:19,142
Just a few moments,

2419
00:51:19,142 --> 00:51:19,676
we'll actually be able

2420
00:51:19,676 --> 00:51:20,544
to have that view from

2421
00:51:20,544 --> 00:51:21,111
right here.

2422
00:51:21,111 --> 00:51:22,012
I can hear the crowd

2423
00:51:22,012 --> 00:51:23,180
already kind of buzzing.

2424
00:51:23,180 --> 00:51:24,414
People have all their glasses

2425
00:51:24,414 --> 00:51:25,048
ready to go,

2426
00:51:25,048 --> 00:51:26,016
are really kind of looking up

2427
00:51:26,016 --> 00:51:26,817
and observing that

2428
00:51:26,817 --> 00:51:27,918
partial eclipse.

2429
00:51:27,918 --> 00:51:28,518
You just saw that

2430
00:51:28,518 --> 00:51:29,853
coverage in San Diego.

2431
00:51:29,853 --> 00:51:31,288
This is really sweeping across

2432
00:51:31,288 --> 00:51:32,355
such a big area

2433
00:51:32,355 --> 00:51:33,490
of the United States.

2434
00:51:33,490 --> 00:51:34,357
And it's going to continue

2435
00:51:34,357 --> 00:51:35,492
to move closer

2436
00:51:35,492 --> 00:51:37,294
and closer and closer to us.

2437
00:51:37,294 --> 00:51:38,095
You can see already,

2438
00:51:38,095 --> 00:51:38,829
since I've just started

2439
00:51:38,829 --> 00:51:40,130
this conversation

2440
00:51:40,130 --> 00:51:41,198
here, we've already moved

2441
00:51:41,198 --> 00:51:42,032
away from Eugene.

2442
00:51:42,032 --> 00:51:43,200
So they are no longer

2443
00:51:43,200 --> 00:51:44,234
in and polarity.

2444
00:51:44,234 --> 00:51:45,068
And this is continuing

2445
00:51:45,068 --> 00:51:47,070
to move into parts of Nevada.

2446
00:51:47,070 --> 00:51:47,337
This will

2447
00:51:47,337 --> 00:51:48,271
then continue to track

2448
00:51:48,271 --> 00:51:49,773
further southeast

2449
00:51:49,773 --> 00:51:50,474
to our friends

2450
00:51:50,474 --> 00:51:51,308
out in Albuquerque

2451
00:51:51,308 --> 00:51:52,242
at the balloon festival.

2452
00:51:52,242 --> 00:51:53,510
They'll have a phenomenal

2453
00:51:53,510 --> 00:51:54,544
view there

2454
00:51:54,544 --> 00:51:56,780
intermixed with the balloons

2455
00:51:56,780 --> 00:51:57,214
and everything.

2456
00:51:57,214 --> 00:51:58,315
It'll look awesome.

2457
00:51:58,315 --> 00:51:59,049
And you're also seeing

2458
00:51:59,049 --> 00:51:59,316
right now

2459
00:51:59,316 --> 00:52:00,050
are live view

2460
00:52:00,050 --> 00:52:01,118
of Kerrville, Texas.

2461
00:52:01,118 --> 00:52:01,518
You can see

2462
00:52:01,518 --> 00:52:02,252
we're already in

2463
00:52:02,252 --> 00:52:03,386
pretty good coverage here

2464
00:52:03,386 --> 00:52:04,254
with the partial eclipse,

2465
00:52:04,254 --> 00:52:05,288
if I click on it, Kerrville

2466
00:52:05,288 --> 00:52:06,523
on our interactive map,

2467
00:52:06,523 --> 00:52:07,224
you can see that

2468
00:52:07,224 --> 00:52:07,924
we're expecting

2469
00:52:07,924 --> 00:52:09,626
our peak coverage

2470
00:52:09,626 --> 00:52:10,594
of the angularity

2471
00:52:10,594 --> 00:52:12,262
to begin at 1150.

2472
00:52:12,262 --> 00:52:12,963
And I'll remind you again,

2473
00:52:12,963 --> 00:52:13,530
if you're using

2474
00:52:13,530 --> 00:52:14,598
our interactive tool,

2475
00:52:14,598 --> 00:52:15,765
these are all clickable, too.

2476
00:52:15,765 --> 00:52:16,933
So if you wanted to click on

2477
00:52:16,933 --> 00:52:18,435
to those and see exactly

2478
00:52:18,435 --> 00:52:19,102
what time

2479
00:52:19,102 --> 00:52:19,836
and exactly

2480
00:52:19,836 --> 00:52:20,737
what it's going to look like,

2481
00:52:20,737 --> 00:52:21,771
actually this is a prediction

2482
00:52:21,771 --> 00:52:22,939
of what it's going to look like

2483
00:52:22,939 --> 00:52:24,608
in your neck of the woods.

2484
00:52:24,608 --> 00:52:26,009
And so actually,

2485
00:52:26,009 --> 00:52:26,543
the path

2486
00:52:26,543 --> 00:52:27,377
you're seeing this moon

2487
00:52:27,377 --> 00:52:29,045
taking is the exact path

2488
00:52:29,045 --> 00:52:29,679
it's going to look like

2489
00:52:29,679 --> 00:52:29,980
the moon's

2490
00:52:29,980 --> 00:52:31,348
taking in real life for you.

2491
00:52:31,348 --> 00:52:32,849
So that little googly eyes

2492
00:52:32,849 --> 00:52:33,750
showing that directionality.

2493
00:52:33,750 --> 00:52:34,518
So for us,

2494
00:52:34,518 --> 00:52:35,719
the moon has already entered

2495
00:52:35,719 --> 00:52:36,586
in from kind of above

2496
00:52:36,586 --> 00:52:37,154
the sun here.

2497
00:52:37,154 --> 00:52:37,821
It's going to continue

2498
00:52:37,821 --> 00:52:38,889
tracking down,

2499
00:52:38,889 --> 00:52:39,856
eventually giving us

2500
00:52:39,856 --> 00:52:40,724
that incredible

2501
00:52:40,724 --> 00:52:42,359
ring of fire effect.

2502
00:52:42,359 --> 00:52:43,860
I can't wait to see this live.

2503
00:52:43,860 --> 00:52:44,661
This will be the first time

2504
00:52:44,661 --> 00:52:45,028
for me

2505
00:52:45,028 --> 00:52:47,397
ever seeing an angularity

2506
00:52:47,397 --> 00:52:48,732
alive of super excited.

2507
00:52:48,732 --> 00:52:50,667
So the hit is coming up again

2508
00:52:50,667 --> 00:52:51,768
in Albuquerque, New Mexico,

2509
00:52:51,768 --> 00:52:52,335
just a little bit.

2510
00:52:52,335 --> 00:52:52,736
They'll get a

2511
00:52:52,736 --> 00:52:53,870
phenomenal view there.

2512
00:52:53,870 --> 00:52:54,804
Keep tracking it.

2513
00:52:54,804 --> 00:52:55,839
But for now, back to you

2514
00:52:55,839 --> 00:52:57,440
to hear a really

2515
00:52:57,440 --> 00:52:58,542
incredible James.

2516
00:52:58,542 --> 00:52:59,609
And I mean, I think earlier

2517
00:52:59,609 --> 00:53:01,545
you said buzzing like Gina.

2518
00:53:01,545 --> 00:53:02,279
It feels like

2519
00:53:02,279 --> 00:53:03,813
the town is coming alive

2520
00:53:03,813 --> 00:53:04,214
and is

2521
00:53:04,214 --> 00:53:04,915
starting to get

2522
00:53:04,915 --> 00:53:06,383
a little colder here.

2523
00:53:06,383 --> 00:53:06,983
I know I'm good.

2524
00:53:06,983 --> 00:53:09,452
And so, I mean, looking around,

2525
00:53:09,452 --> 00:53:10,053
you can just see

2526
00:53:10,053 --> 00:53:10,720
people are kind

2527
00:53:10,720 --> 00:53:12,122
of lounging back

2528
00:53:12,122 --> 00:53:12,956
with their safety,

2529
00:53:12,956 --> 00:53:13,857
eclipse glasses

2530
00:53:13,857 --> 00:53:15,292
and just taking it all in

2531
00:53:15,292 --> 00:53:16,960
and getting excited for this.

2532
00:53:16,960 --> 00:53:17,394
And so

2533
00:53:17,394 --> 00:53:18,795
and not only will Kerrville

2534
00:53:18,795 --> 00:53:20,797
see today's annular eclipse,

2535
00:53:20,797 --> 00:53:22,065
they're also positioned

2536
00:53:22,065 --> 00:53:23,600
to see the total solar

2537
00:53:23,600 --> 00:53:26,570
eclipse next year. Great.

2538
00:53:26,670 --> 00:53:27,904
how awesome is that?

2539
00:53:27,904 --> 00:53:28,738
And so, folks,

2540
00:53:28,738 --> 00:53:29,773
let's take a look at

2541
00:53:29,773 --> 00:53:30,740
how the city has been

2542
00:53:30,740 --> 00:53:31,942
preparing in the lead

2543
00:53:31,942 --> 00:53:34,177
up to these special events.

2544
00:53:34,177 --> 00:53:35,011
Kerrville

2545
00:53:35,011 --> 00:53:36,813
is the eclipse capital

2546
00:53:36,813 --> 00:53:38,215
of the state of Texas.

2547
00:53:38,215 --> 00:53:39,282
It is known

2548
00:53:39,282 --> 00:53:40,217
as being the capital

2549
00:53:40,217 --> 00:53:41,551
of the Texas Hill country.

2550
00:53:41,551 --> 00:53:44,487
It's the epitome of Texas

2551
00:53:44,487 --> 00:53:47,090
ranch beer, beautiful streams

2552
00:53:47,090 --> 00:53:48,925
like the Guadalupe here.

2553
00:53:48,925 --> 00:53:50,393
Kerrville is very welcoming.

2554
00:53:50,393 --> 00:53:51,828
It's a wonderful community,

2555
00:53:51,828 --> 00:53:53,830
tight knit, small.

2556
00:53:53,830 --> 00:53:55,899
It has about 25,000 people.

2557
00:53:55,899 --> 00:53:58,401
Kerrville is blessed to be

2558
00:53:58,401 --> 00:54:00,403
in that special square.

2559
00:54:00,403 --> 00:54:00,971
Not only

2560
00:54:00,971 --> 00:54:02,239
are we going to witness

2561
00:54:02,239 --> 00:54:04,774
the annular eclipse in 2023,

2562
00:54:04,774 --> 00:54:06,243
we're also going to witness

2563
00:54:06,243 --> 00:54:07,043
the total solar

2564
00:54:07,043 --> 00:54:08,678
eclipse in 2024.

2565
00:54:08,678 --> 00:54:10,113
We're talking about crossroads.

2566
00:54:10,113 --> 00:54:12,682
You know, we get it twice. Two.

2567
00:54:12,682 --> 00:54:13,817
Two eclipses is coming

2568
00:54:13,817 --> 00:54:14,551
right here,

2569
00:54:14,551 --> 00:54:15,352
right where it stands.

2570
00:54:15,352 --> 00:54:15,752
It's

2571
00:54:15,752 --> 00:54:17,854
statistically extraordinary.

2572
00:54:17,854 --> 00:54:19,089
We get to

2573
00:54:19,089 --> 00:54:20,190
in less than six months,

2574
00:54:20,190 --> 00:54:20,824
but everybody's

2575
00:54:20,824 --> 00:54:21,925
excited about it.

2576
00:54:21,925 --> 00:54:22,859
City council,

2577
00:54:22,859 --> 00:54:23,760
county commissioners,

2578
00:54:23,760 --> 00:54:25,428
everybody's diligently

2579
00:54:25,428 --> 00:54:26,997
to be able to provide

2580
00:54:26,997 --> 00:54:28,031
safe opportunity

2581
00:54:28,031 --> 00:54:29,733
for the influx of people.

2582
00:54:29,733 --> 00:54:30,634
This will be

2583
00:54:30,634 --> 00:54:31,601
the biggest event

2584
00:54:31,601 --> 00:54:32,736
in the history of the city,

2585
00:54:32,736 --> 00:54:33,136
and that's

2586
00:54:33,136 --> 00:54:34,804
why the city is preparing.

2587
00:54:34,804 --> 00:54:36,006
We're preparing to make

2588
00:54:36,006 --> 00:54:37,907
the event enjoyable

2589
00:54:37,907 --> 00:54:38,608
for everybody

2590
00:54:38,608 --> 00:54:39,509
who wants to see

2591
00:54:39,509 --> 00:54:40,744
this tremendous

2592
00:54:40,744 --> 00:54:41,811
natural phenomena.

2593
00:54:41,811 --> 00:54:43,780
I think that Kerrville has done

2594
00:54:43,780 --> 00:54:45,382
awesome job of preparing in

2595
00:54:45,382 --> 00:54:47,117
no way in advance.

2596
00:54:47,117 --> 00:54:48,351
It's getting that message out

2597
00:54:48,351 --> 00:54:48,952
to people

2598
00:54:48,952 --> 00:54:49,586
to make sure

2599
00:54:49,586 --> 00:54:50,086
that they are

2600
00:54:50,086 --> 00:54:51,488
taken care of personally.

2601
00:54:51,488 --> 00:54:52,489
But then there's

2602
00:54:52,489 --> 00:54:53,857
the science part of it,

2603
00:54:53,857 --> 00:54:54,591
letting them know

2604
00:54:54,591 --> 00:54:55,692
what is an eclipse.

2605
00:54:55,692 --> 00:54:56,393
And I'm just having

2606
00:54:56,393 --> 00:54:57,193
a great time going out

2607
00:54:57,193 --> 00:54:58,028
and talking

2608
00:54:58,028 --> 00:54:59,429
to civic organizations

2609
00:54:59,429 --> 00:54:59,963
and clubs

2610
00:54:59,963 --> 00:55:01,531
and talk about eclipses.

2611
00:55:01,531 --> 00:55:03,033
So this will be my fourth

2612
00:55:03,033 --> 00:55:04,200
and fifth solar eclipses.

2613
00:55:04,200 --> 00:55:04,734
I've seen

2614
00:55:04,734 --> 00:55:06,002
total Eclipse in Nebraska.

2615
00:55:06,002 --> 00:55:08,338
I drove 1200 miles

2616
00:55:08,338 --> 00:55:10,073
for a little over 2 minutes

2617
00:55:10,073 --> 00:55:11,641
and it was well worth it

2618
00:55:11,641 --> 00:55:13,310
and just couldn't.

2619
00:55:13,310 --> 00:55:14,411
The experience of the eclipse,

2620
00:55:14,411 --> 00:55:15,879
I mean, it's still just it

2621
00:55:15,879 --> 00:55:17,113
literally gives me goosebumps

2622
00:55:17,113 --> 00:55:18,248
every time I talk about it.

2623
00:55:18,248 --> 00:55:19,182
It's a visceral,

2624
00:55:19,182 --> 00:55:20,884
emotional experience

2625
00:55:20,884 --> 00:55:22,419
that is just

2626
00:55:22,419 --> 00:55:23,019
you have to

2627
00:55:23,019 --> 00:55:24,087
you have to experience it

2628
00:55:24,087 --> 00:55:25,055
to understand.

2629
00:55:25,055 --> 00:55:25,989
I thought I knew

2630
00:55:25,989 --> 00:55:27,757
what it would be like,

2631
00:55:27,824 --> 00:55:29,693
but I gasp

2632
00:55:29,693 --> 00:55:30,627
at the sheer

2633
00:55:30,627 --> 00:55:34,597
wonder it's going to be a

2634
00:55:34,664 --> 00:55:35,332
you're going to hear

2635
00:55:35,332 --> 00:55:36,633
that intake of air.

2636
00:55:36,633 --> 00:55:38,201
And it was the most beautiful,

2637
00:55:38,201 --> 00:55:39,769
natural thing I've ever seen.

2638
00:55:39,769 --> 00:55:41,004
So to have an eclipse

2639
00:55:41,004 --> 00:55:43,106
basically in my backyard

2640
00:55:43,106 --> 00:55:50,513
is just I it's indescribable.

2641
00:55:50,613 --> 00:55:51,481
As you can see,

2642
00:55:51,481 --> 00:55:53,583
the town is alive

2643
00:55:53,583 --> 00:55:54,751
preparing for these

2644
00:55:54,751 --> 00:55:56,486
spectacular moments.

2645
00:55:56,486 --> 00:55:57,887
Now, Gina, the sun

2646
00:55:57,887 --> 00:55:59,489
not only impacts us

2647
00:55:59,489 --> 00:56:01,124
here on Earth, right?

2648
00:56:01,124 --> 00:56:01,925
That's right. To here.

2649
00:56:01,925 --> 00:56:03,393
So the sun impacts

2650
00:56:03,393 --> 00:56:04,994
our entire solar system.

2651
00:56:04,994 --> 00:56:05,762
And in fact,

2652
00:56:05,762 --> 00:56:07,697
when we explore with NASA,

2653
00:56:07,697 --> 00:56:08,164
that's something

2654
00:56:08,164 --> 00:56:08,898
that we have to take

2655
00:56:08,898 --> 00:56:10,266
into consideration.

2656
00:56:10,266 --> 00:56:11,801
So I'm glad you said exploring,

2657
00:56:11,801 --> 00:56:12,435
because I actually

2658
00:56:12,435 --> 00:56:13,336
just recently learned

2659
00:56:13,336 --> 00:56:14,437
that the sun even impacts

2660
00:56:14,437 --> 00:56:15,972
human exploration

2661
00:56:15,972 --> 00:56:17,240
in the solar system,

2662
00:56:17,240 --> 00:56:17,674
which I thought

2663
00:56:17,674 --> 00:56:18,575
was really cool.

2664
00:56:18,575 --> 00:56:19,843
So let's take a second

2665
00:56:19,843 --> 00:56:20,944
and see how studying

2666
00:56:20,944 --> 00:56:22,145
Heliophysics is

2667
00:56:22,145 --> 00:56:23,913
actually helping us prepare

2668
00:56:23,913 --> 00:56:25,048
for sending humans

2669
00:56:25,048 --> 00:56:26,783
to the Moon and Mars

2670
00:56:26,783 --> 00:56:30,553
under our Artemis program.

2671
00:56:30,653 --> 00:56:31,721
NASA's studied the

2672
00:56:31,721 --> 00:56:33,223
sun and its influence

2673
00:56:33,223 --> 00:56:34,624
throughout our solar system

2674
00:56:34,624 --> 00:56:35,925
for decades.

2675
00:56:35,925 --> 00:56:36,626
The Artemis

2676
00:56:36,626 --> 00:56:38,194
program will provide a better

2677
00:56:38,194 --> 00:56:40,163
understanding of solar activity

2678
00:56:40,163 --> 00:56:42,298
through two new missions.

2679
00:56:42,298 --> 00:56:44,200
Hermes is an instrument package

2680
00:56:44,200 --> 00:56:45,668
that will monitor space weather

2681
00:56:45,668 --> 00:56:46,569
from the moon

2682
00:56:46,569 --> 00:56:47,537
and be placed on

2683
00:56:47,537 --> 00:56:48,872
NASA's gateway,

2684
00:56:48,872 --> 00:56:50,707
an orbital outpost being built

2685
00:56:50,707 --> 00:56:52,175
for lunar operations

2686
00:56:52,175 --> 00:56:53,343
and eventually

2687
00:56:53,343 --> 00:56:55,278
Mars exploration.

2688
00:56:55,278 --> 00:56:57,080
The dual spacecraft Escapade

2689
00:56:57,080 --> 00:56:58,214
Mission will examine

2690
00:56:58,214 --> 00:56:59,749
the effects of solar wind

2691
00:56:59,749 --> 00:57:02,185
on the Red Planet's atmosphere.

2692
00:57:02,185 --> 00:57:03,853
Helio physicists at NASA

2693
00:57:03,853 --> 00:57:04,454
are working

2694
00:57:04,454 --> 00:57:05,655
to protect astronauts

2695
00:57:05,655 --> 00:57:07,223
who will travel to the moon

2696
00:57:07,223 --> 00:57:08,324
and to Mars

2697
00:57:08,324 --> 00:57:10,059
by increasing our understanding

2698
00:57:10,059 --> 00:57:11,327
of the space environment

2699
00:57:11,327 --> 00:57:13,196
through which they must travel

2700
00:57:13,196 --> 00:57:14,297
with safety ever

2701
00:57:14,297 --> 00:57:15,165
at the forefront.

2702
00:57:15,165 --> 00:57:17,133
The agency is using spacecraft

2703
00:57:17,133 --> 00:57:19,335
observations and simulations

2704
00:57:19,335 --> 00:57:20,437
to better understand

2705
00:57:20,437 --> 00:57:21,771
space weather.

2706
00:57:21,771 --> 00:57:22,872
That's a look at your

2707
00:57:22,872 --> 00:57:25,842
Artemus Moon minute.

2708
00:57:25,909 --> 00:57:26,776
Folks, I've learned

2709
00:57:26,776 --> 00:57:28,011
that it is almost time

2710
00:57:28,011 --> 00:57:28,478
for any

2711
00:57:28,478 --> 00:57:30,246
clarity to make its move

2712
00:57:30,246 --> 00:57:32,282
into Albuquerque, New Mexico.

2713
00:57:32,282 --> 00:57:33,216
We've got Joy

2714
00:57:33,216 --> 00:57:34,918
standing by at our other desk.

2715
00:57:34,918 --> 00:57:35,819
Who is going to tell us

2716
00:57:35,819 --> 00:57:36,753
about an upcoming

2717
00:57:36,753 --> 00:57:37,787
NASA's mission

2718
00:57:37,787 --> 00:57:39,255
and show us live

2719
00:57:39,255 --> 00:57:41,424
views from this solar eclipse.

2720
00:57:41,424 --> 00:57:42,158
Joy.

2721
00:57:42,158 --> 00:57:44,661
Michael, on a scale of 1 to 10,

2722
00:57:44,661 --> 00:57:48,765
how excited are you right now?

2723
00:57:48,865 --> 00:57:50,099
I think I'm about a 20

2724
00:57:50,099 --> 00:57:50,567
right now.

2725
00:57:50,567 --> 00:57:51,701
What about you, Michael?

2726
00:57:51,701 --> 00:57:52,669
I am so excited.

2727
00:57:52,669 --> 00:57:54,304
You can see the light changing.

2728
00:57:54,304 --> 00:57:55,238
It's getting a little bit

2729
00:57:55,238 --> 00:57:57,707
chilly. I am so excited.

2730
00:57:57,707 --> 00:57:59,108
I cannot wait.

2731
00:57:59,108 --> 00:57:59,742
Yeah.

2732
00:57:59,742 --> 00:58:01,010
So now we're joined

2733
00:58:01,010 --> 00:58:02,312
with NASA's scientist, Dr.

2734
00:58:02,312 --> 00:58:02,812
Nikki Vaill

2735
00:58:02,812 --> 00:58:03,513
who's going to tell us

2736
00:58:03,513 --> 00:58:05,114
about a new Sun mission.

2737
00:58:05,114 --> 00:58:06,316
And firstly, Nikki,

2738
00:58:06,316 --> 00:58:07,917
how are you feeling today?

2739
00:58:07,917 --> 00:58:09,519
It is so amazing to be here.

2740
00:58:09,519 --> 00:58:11,087
I'm so excited to be able

2741
00:58:11,087 --> 00:58:12,655
to be a part of this festival

2742
00:58:12,655 --> 00:58:13,223
and witness

2743
00:58:13,223 --> 00:58:14,858
the annular eclipse.

2744
00:58:14,858 --> 00:58:15,525
So, Nikki,

2745
00:58:15,525 --> 00:58:17,694
what is the punch mission

2746
00:58:17,694 --> 00:58:19,162
and what does it stand for?

2747
00:58:19,162 --> 00:58:21,130
So Punch is a NASA

2748
00:58:21,130 --> 00:58:22,432
small explorer.

2749
00:58:22,432 --> 00:58:23,666
It stands for

2750
00:58:23,666 --> 00:58:24,467
polar emitter

2751
00:58:24,467 --> 00:58:25,502
to unify

2752
00:58:25,502 --> 00:58:27,570
the corona and heliosphere.

2753
00:58:27,570 --> 00:58:29,038
So the corona is

2754
00:58:29,038 --> 00:58:30,573
the outermost atmosphere

2755
00:58:30,573 --> 00:58:31,107
of the sun.

2756
00:58:31,107 --> 00:58:32,242
It's the part of the sun

2757
00:58:32,242 --> 00:58:33,109
that you get to see

2758
00:58:33,109 --> 00:58:34,077
during a total

2759
00:58:34,077 --> 00:58:34,811
solar eclipse

2760
00:58:34,811 --> 00:58:35,845
when the moon totally

2761
00:58:35,845 --> 00:58:36,479
blocks out

2762
00:58:36,479 --> 00:58:37,947
the main body of the sun.

2763
00:58:37,947 --> 00:58:39,516
And then the heliosphere

2764
00:58:39,516 --> 00:58:41,050
is the bubble

2765
00:58:41,050 --> 00:58:42,819
carved out by the sun.

2766
00:58:42,819 --> 00:58:43,786
As that corona

2767
00:58:43,786 --> 00:58:45,355
turns into a solar wind

2768
00:58:45,355 --> 00:58:47,824
and fills our solar system.

2769
00:58:47,824 --> 00:58:49,726
So I know that Punch

2770
00:58:49,726 --> 00:58:51,094
has a big outreach

2771
00:58:51,094 --> 00:58:51,895
effort as well,

2772
00:58:51,895 --> 00:58:52,962
especially looking at

2773
00:58:52,962 --> 00:58:54,197
humanity's interaction

2774
00:58:54,197 --> 00:58:54,764
with the sun

2775
00:58:54,764 --> 00:58:56,032
and observing the sun.

2776
00:58:56,032 --> 00:58:56,533
Can you tell us

2777
00:58:56,533 --> 00:58:57,934
a little bit more about that?

2778
00:58:57,934 --> 00:58:59,035
Yeah, Humanity

2779
00:58:59,035 --> 00:59:00,169
has been studying

2780
00:59:00,169 --> 00:59:01,404
the sun and the moon

2781
00:59:01,404 --> 00:59:02,772
in those different cycles

2782
00:59:02,772 --> 00:59:04,040
for millennia.

2783
00:59:04,040 --> 00:59:05,542
And one place where there's

2784
00:59:05,542 --> 00:59:08,645
a lot of evidence of that

2785
00:59:08,711 --> 00:59:09,512
studying of the

2786
00:59:09,512 --> 00:59:10,747
sun is over in Chaco

2787
00:59:10,747 --> 00:59:12,515
Canyon here in New Mexico.

2788
00:59:12,515 --> 00:59:13,383
And actually

2789
00:59:13,383 --> 00:59:14,584
our punch outreach team,

2790
00:59:14,584 --> 00:59:15,285
some of our punch

2791
00:59:15,285 --> 00:59:15,985
outreach team is

2792
00:59:15,985 --> 00:59:17,754
over there in Chaco right now

2793
00:59:17,754 --> 00:59:18,388
where there's just

2794
00:59:18,388 --> 00:59:19,355
so much evidence

2795
00:59:19,355 --> 00:59:21,324
of ancient and modern sun.

2796
00:59:21,324 --> 00:59:22,659
Watching that ancient sun

2797
00:59:22,659 --> 00:59:25,628
watching their evidence is

2798
00:59:25,628 --> 00:59:27,063
the on the rock of the sun.

2799
00:59:27,063 --> 00:59:29,599
There's this petroglyph of the

2800
00:59:29,599 --> 00:59:30,199
what we think

2801
00:59:30,199 --> 00:59:31,868
might be the 1097

2802
00:59:31,868 --> 00:59:33,403
total solar eclipse

2803
00:59:33,403 --> 00:59:34,804
that actually went right over

2804
00:59:34,804 --> 00:59:36,606
Chaco Canyon on a path similar

2805
00:59:36,606 --> 00:59:38,775
to the annular eclipse today.

2806
00:59:38,775 --> 00:59:39,776
And then, of course,

2807
00:59:39,776 --> 00:59:41,177
the modern sun

2808
00:59:41,177 --> 00:59:42,211
watching is

2809
00:59:42,211 --> 00:59:42,745
what we're all

2810
00:59:42,745 --> 00:59:44,080
doing here today.

2811
00:59:44,080 --> 00:59:44,914
And of course, our Native

2812
00:59:44,914 --> 00:59:45,782
American partners

2813
00:59:45,782 --> 00:59:46,416
on the punch

2814
00:59:46,416 --> 00:59:47,183
outreach effort

2815
00:59:47,183 --> 00:59:48,051
that still honor

2816
00:59:48,051 --> 00:59:49,252
some of their traditional sun

2817
00:59:49,252 --> 00:59:50,553
watching efforts.

2818
00:59:50,553 --> 00:59:51,220
And then, of course,

2819
00:59:51,220 --> 00:59:52,188
our national missions

2820
00:59:52,188 --> 00:59:53,189
like Punch in Parker

2821
00:59:53,189 --> 00:59:54,457
Solar Probe.

2822
00:59:54,457 --> 00:59:55,491
That's amazing.

2823
00:59:55,491 --> 00:59:57,493
And you mentioned punch shows

2824
00:59:57,493 --> 00:59:58,227
and studies,

2825
00:59:58,227 --> 00:59:59,896
the sun's atmosphere,

2826
00:59:59,896 --> 01:00:00,797
the corona.

2827
01:00:00,797 --> 01:00:02,098
Why do we need to study

2828
01:00:02,098 --> 01:00:03,433
the sun's atmosphere?

2829
01:00:03,433 --> 01:00:05,101
The corona is amazing

2830
01:00:05,101 --> 01:00:06,302
because it is

2831
01:00:06,302 --> 01:00:07,303
hundreds of times

2832
01:00:07,303 --> 01:00:08,671
hotter than the photosphere

2833
01:00:08,671 --> 01:00:10,073
below the surface of the sun,

2834
01:00:10,073 --> 01:00:11,107
the part that we should

2835
01:00:11,107 --> 01:00:13,209
never look directly at.

2836
01:00:13,276 --> 01:00:14,143
So that's amazing.

2837
01:00:14,143 --> 01:00:14,510
That's like

2838
01:00:14,510 --> 01:00:15,311
if you walked away

2839
01:00:15,311 --> 01:00:16,145
from a fireplace

2840
01:00:16,145 --> 01:00:17,213
and it got hundreds of

2841
01:00:17,213 --> 01:00:18,314
times hotter.

2842
01:00:18,314 --> 01:00:19,148
Now we know

2843
01:00:19,148 --> 01:00:20,516
it has to do with the magnetic

2844
01:00:20,516 --> 01:00:22,185
fields rooted down in the sun,

2845
01:00:22,185 --> 01:00:22,885
but we don't know

2846
01:00:22,885 --> 01:00:24,721
exactly how that energy

2847
01:00:24,721 --> 01:00:26,556
gets into the corona.

2848
01:00:26,556 --> 01:00:27,624
So that's one of the things

2849
01:00:27,624 --> 01:00:28,524
we're really interested

2850
01:00:28,524 --> 01:00:30,827
in studying.

2851
01:00:30,827 --> 01:00:31,194
Right.

2852
01:00:31,194 --> 01:00:33,830
So we're looking at a live shot

2853
01:00:33,830 --> 01:00:36,065
on the camera of Eclipse.

2854
01:00:36,065 --> 01:00:37,734
We're getting really close

2855
01:00:37,734 --> 01:00:39,002
to any clarity.

2856
01:00:39,002 --> 01:00:40,970
So what are you looking forward

2857
01:00:40,970 --> 01:00:42,538
to as a scientist

2858
01:00:42,538 --> 01:00:44,140
when you think about eclipses,

2859
01:00:44,140 --> 01:00:45,675
and especially

2860
01:00:45,675 --> 01:00:47,276
with a new mission coming up?

2861
01:00:47,276 --> 01:00:47,644
My hunch

2862
01:00:47,644 --> 01:00:48,811
is going to be so amazing

2863
01:00:48,811 --> 01:00:49,278
because it's

2864
01:00:49,278 --> 01:00:51,214
going to take images

2865
01:00:51,214 --> 01:00:52,315
of the corona

2866
01:00:52,315 --> 01:00:53,883
and that plasma

2867
01:00:53,883 --> 01:00:56,352
as that fills the solar system

2868
01:00:56,352 --> 01:00:57,887
in regular white light,

2869
01:00:57,887 --> 01:00:58,688
like we could see it

2870
01:00:58,688 --> 01:00:59,355
with our eye

2871
01:00:59,355 --> 01:01:00,023
if our eyes were

2872
01:01:00,023 --> 01:01:00,857
sensitive enough

2873
01:01:00,857 --> 01:01:01,891
and if the moon

2874
01:01:01,891 --> 01:01:02,792
always blocked out

2875
01:01:02,792 --> 01:01:03,993
the main body of the sun.

2876
01:01:03,993 --> 01:01:04,861
But it doesn't.

2877
01:01:04,861 --> 01:01:05,395
And that's why

2878
01:01:05,395 --> 01:01:05,962
we need

2879
01:01:05,962 --> 01:01:07,263
nasty missions like Punch

2880
01:01:07,263 --> 01:01:09,365
to do that for us.

2881
01:01:09,365 --> 01:01:09,966
Fantastic.

2882
01:01:09,966 --> 01:01:10,400
I can't

2883
01:01:10,400 --> 01:01:11,668
wait for the mission to launch.

2884
01:01:11,668 --> 01:01:12,235
I mean, either

2885
01:01:12,235 --> 01:01:14,103
I'm super excited about it.

2886
01:01:14,103 --> 01:01:16,272
So we're like very moments

2887
01:01:16,272 --> 01:01:17,306
away, minutes away

2888
01:01:17,306 --> 01:01:18,841
from the annular eclipse here.

2889
01:01:18,841 --> 01:01:19,375
I'm Nikki.

2890
01:01:19,375 --> 01:01:19,976
Thank you so much

2891
01:01:19,976 --> 01:01:20,443
for joining us.

2892
01:01:20,443 --> 01:01:21,277
I hope you enjoy

2893
01:01:21,277 --> 01:01:22,712
the annular eclipse.

2894
01:01:22,712 --> 01:01:23,646
Yeah. Thank you so much.

2895
01:01:23,646 --> 01:01:24,781
This has been great

2896
01:01:24,781 --> 01:01:25,648
and I hope you keep safe

2897
01:01:25,648 --> 01:01:26,049
from the wind.

2898
01:01:26,049 --> 01:01:26,616
The wind is kind

2899
01:01:26,616 --> 01:01:28,418
of picked up right now, so.

2900
01:01:28,418 --> 01:01:28,885
So, yes,

2901
01:01:28,885 --> 01:01:30,119
So the sky to clear,

2902
01:01:30,119 --> 01:01:30,887
the winds picked up.

2903
01:01:30,887 --> 01:01:31,654
But we have a clear

2904
01:01:31,654 --> 01:01:33,289
view of the annular eclipse.

2905
01:01:33,289 --> 01:01:34,524
So remember,

2906
01:01:34,524 --> 01:01:35,224
the annual

2907
01:01:35,224 --> 01:01:36,059
eclipse is moments

2908
01:01:36,059 --> 01:01:37,060
away from Albuquerque

2909
01:01:37,060 --> 01:01:38,294
and the sun is never

2910
01:01:38,294 --> 01:01:39,595
completely covered.

2911
01:01:39,595 --> 01:01:40,797
So during the eclipse,

2912
01:01:40,797 --> 01:01:41,464
you have to keep your

2913
01:01:41,464 --> 01:01:42,365
eclipse glasses

2914
01:01:42,365 --> 01:01:44,300
on the entire time.

2915
01:01:44,300 --> 01:01:45,868
You can also use other indirect

2916
01:01:45,868 --> 01:01:46,803
viewing methods, too,

2917
01:01:46,803 --> 01:01:47,704
like a pinhole projector

2918
01:01:47,704 --> 01:01:48,404
if you don't have

2919
01:01:48,404 --> 01:01:49,505
eclipse glasses.

2920
01:01:49,505 --> 01:01:50,006
So, Michael,

2921
01:01:50,006 --> 01:01:51,274
do you have your glasses ready?

2922
01:01:51,274 --> 01:01:52,942
I have mine ready. Great.

2923
01:01:52,942 --> 01:01:53,976
So now let's go

2924
01:01:53,976 --> 01:01:54,977
to a full screen

2925
01:01:54,977 --> 01:01:56,045
view of the telescope

2926
01:01:56,045 --> 01:02:00,717
here in Albuquerque.

2927
01:02:00,783 --> 01:02:02,685
While we are

2928
01:02:02,685 --> 01:02:03,786
minutes away and

2929
01:02:03,786 --> 01:02:04,854
you can see that

2930
01:02:04,854 --> 01:02:05,788
the ring of fire

2931
01:02:05,788 --> 01:02:08,024
is almost here.

2932
01:02:08,024 --> 01:02:08,791
Yeah,

2933
01:02:08,791 --> 01:02:09,492
the sun is

2934
01:02:09,492 --> 01:02:11,327
just increasing

2935
01:02:11,327 --> 01:02:13,596
over into the moon.

2936
01:02:13,596 --> 01:02:14,997
The moon's

2937
01:02:14,997 --> 01:02:16,299
resting onto the sun.

2938
01:02:16,299 --> 01:02:16,766
We're getting

2939
01:02:16,766 --> 01:02:18,301
closer and closer.

2940
01:02:18,301 --> 01:02:19,969
The light here on the ground

2941
01:02:19,969 --> 01:02:21,404
is visibly different.

2942
01:02:21,404 --> 01:02:23,106
And looking up at the sky.

2943
01:02:23,106 --> 01:02:25,274
We see a thumbnail moon.

2944
01:02:25,274 --> 01:02:26,909
It is our thumbnail sun.

2945
01:02:26,909 --> 01:02:27,276
It is.

2946
01:02:27,276 --> 01:02:28,678
It is gorgeous.

2947
01:02:28,678 --> 01:02:31,647
Wow. The.

2948
01:02:31,647 --> 01:02:32,682
The ring of Fire.

2949
01:02:32,682 --> 01:02:33,950
The almost ring of fire

2950
01:02:33,950 --> 01:02:35,251
that's so sharp

2951
01:02:35,251 --> 01:02:35,752
and clear

2952
01:02:35,752 --> 01:02:38,321
with our beautiful skies today.

2953
01:02:38,321 --> 01:02:39,155
Yeah, it really is

2954
01:02:39,155 --> 01:02:40,056
almost that Johnny

2955
01:02:40,056 --> 01:02:40,990
Cash moments.

2956
01:02:40,990 --> 01:02:41,891
We're getting close

2957
01:02:41,891 --> 01:02:43,826
to the Ring of Fire

2958
01:02:43,826 --> 01:02:46,496
and it is really beautiful

2959
01:02:46,496 --> 01:02:47,497
to see happening

2960
01:02:47,497 --> 01:02:48,931
in real time as well.

2961
01:02:48,931 --> 01:02:49,232
Is this

2962
01:02:49,232 --> 01:02:50,133
one of those events

2963
01:02:50,133 --> 01:02:51,400
where I can sit

2964
01:02:51,400 --> 01:02:52,034
and watch

2965
01:02:52,034 --> 01:02:53,669
and see how

2966
01:02:53,669 --> 01:02:55,138
the moon is progressing

2967
01:02:55,138 --> 01:02:57,206
and see that changing?

2968
01:02:57,206 --> 01:02:59,275
I can't believe that the moon

2969
01:02:59,275 --> 01:03:00,476
we can actually see the moon

2970
01:03:00,476 --> 01:03:01,677
moving in front of the sun

2971
01:03:01,677 --> 01:03:02,745
right now.

2972
01:03:02,745 --> 01:03:04,514
You can literally see it.

2973
01:03:04,514 --> 01:03:05,548
It's just incredible.

2974
01:03:05,548 --> 01:03:07,917
So as we approach granularity,

2975
01:03:07,917 --> 01:03:08,851
you might be able

2976
01:03:08,851 --> 01:03:10,620
to see Bailey's beads.

2977
01:03:10,620 --> 01:03:11,554
These are bright points

2978
01:03:11,554 --> 01:03:12,622
of light of the sunlight

2979
01:03:12,622 --> 01:03:14,257
coming through the valleys

2980
01:03:14,257 --> 01:03:16,025
on the moon itself.

2981
01:03:16,025 --> 01:03:18,327
Right before the

2982
01:03:18,327 --> 01:03:19,262
right before the

2983
01:03:19,262 --> 01:03:21,030
the angularity begins.

2984
01:03:21,030 --> 01:03:22,498
You can even hear the crowds

2985
01:03:22,498 --> 01:03:23,199
in the background.

2986
01:03:23,199 --> 01:03:23,966
You can just feel the

2987
01:03:23,966 --> 01:03:26,202
atmosphere building up.

2988
01:03:26,302 --> 01:03:28,204
Yeah, it is palpable.

2989
01:03:28,204 --> 01:03:29,572
Everybody is super excited

2990
01:03:29,572 --> 01:03:31,240
here. I know.

2991
01:03:31,240 --> 01:03:32,975
I am just thrilled.

2992
01:03:32,975 --> 01:03:34,177
We are just

2993
01:03:34,177 --> 01:03:35,611
in the final countdown.

2994
01:03:35,611 --> 01:03:36,546
You can hear some people

2995
01:03:36,546 --> 01:03:37,413
starting to cheer

2996
01:03:37,413 --> 01:03:38,581
and starting to get

2997
01:03:38,581 --> 01:03:40,283
all pumped up themselves.

2998
01:03:40,283 --> 01:03:41,417
Wow.

2999
01:03:41,417 --> 01:03:42,418
The Ring of Fire is

3000
01:03:42,418 --> 01:03:43,820
almost here.

3001
01:03:43,820 --> 01:03:44,453
I'm just going to take

3002
01:03:44,453 --> 01:03:45,321
my glasses off briefly

3003
01:03:45,321 --> 01:03:46,455
and you can see the crowd.

3004
01:03:46,455 --> 01:03:48,491
Everyone is just staring safely

3005
01:03:48,491 --> 01:03:49,926
at the sun right now.

3006
01:03:49,926 --> 01:03:50,893
It's just amazing

3007
01:03:50,893 --> 01:03:52,128
that we're all united

3008
01:03:52,128 --> 01:03:53,462
looking at this amazing

3009
01:03:53,462 --> 01:03:54,697
celestial event.

3010
01:03:54,697 --> 01:03:56,265
And make sure you take a look

3011
01:03:56,265 --> 01:03:57,300
at the shadows around you.

3012
01:03:57,300 --> 01:03:57,900
You're going to see

3013
01:03:57,900 --> 01:03:59,368
these crescent shadows

3014
01:03:59,368 --> 01:04:00,736
everywhere as

3015
01:04:00,736 --> 01:04:01,504
different

3016
01:04:01,504 --> 01:04:02,371
objects create

3017
01:04:02,371 --> 01:04:04,273
natural pinhole projectors.

3018
01:04:04,273 --> 01:04:05,241
And so

3019
01:04:05,241 --> 01:04:05,641
make sure

3020
01:04:05,641 --> 01:04:07,009
that you do have a moment

3021
01:04:07,009 --> 01:04:08,144
to take a look

3022
01:04:08,144 --> 01:04:08,911
at the world around you

3023
01:04:08,911 --> 01:04:10,947
because there's a beautiful

3024
01:04:10,947 --> 01:04:11,781
rings.

3025
01:04:11,781 --> 01:04:13,616
So let's take a minute and just

3026
01:04:13,616 --> 01:04:40,977
be quiet and enjoy the view.

3027
01:04:41,043 --> 01:04:41,677
wow.

3028
01:04:41,677 --> 01:04:42,712
Wow.

3029
01:04:42,712 --> 01:04:44,680
We're in there.

3030
01:04:44,680 --> 01:04:45,915
It is a gorgeous

3031
01:04:45,915 --> 01:04:46,682
sight to behold.

3032
01:04:46,682 --> 01:04:48,017
Everyone is cheering.

3033
01:04:48,017 --> 01:04:52,121
This is so amazing.

3034
01:04:52,221 --> 01:04:56,158
wow.

3035
01:04:56,225 --> 01:04:58,294
Yeah,

3036
01:04:58,294 --> 01:05:00,363
this is amazing.

3037
01:05:00,363 --> 01:05:01,697
You can hear people screaming

3038
01:05:01,697 --> 01:05:03,599
in the background.

3039
01:05:03,599 --> 01:05:06,035
People are so excited.

3040
01:05:06,035 --> 01:05:07,303
And take off

3041
01:05:07,303 --> 01:05:08,437
your eclipse glasses

3042
01:05:08,437 --> 01:05:09,338
safely, of course.

3043
01:05:09,338 --> 01:05:10,072
And make sure you look

3044
01:05:10,072 --> 01:05:11,574
at the shadows around you.

3045
01:05:11,574 --> 01:05:12,742
Look at how the

3046
01:05:12,742 --> 01:05:14,310
environment has changed.

3047
01:05:14,310 --> 01:05:15,211
Just make note

3048
01:05:15,211 --> 01:05:20,416
of this entire event.

3049
01:05:20,516 --> 01:05:21,083
Wow.

3050
01:05:21,083 --> 01:05:23,486
This is so amazing.

3051
01:05:23,486 --> 01:05:25,221
This really puts our planet

3052
01:05:25,221 --> 01:05:25,888
in perspective

3053
01:05:25,888 --> 01:05:27,490
with the whole solar system.

3054
01:05:27,490 --> 01:05:28,891
You know,

3055
01:05:28,891 --> 01:05:30,526
it's truly spectacular.

3056
01:05:30,526 --> 01:05:31,160
It's one of those

3057
01:05:31,160 --> 01:05:32,228
natural phenomenon

3058
01:05:32,228 --> 01:05:33,963
that I just feel so lucky

3059
01:05:33,963 --> 01:05:35,464
to be here at this place

3060
01:05:35,464 --> 01:05:36,098
at this time,

3061
01:05:36,098 --> 01:05:43,706
to be able to observe it.

3062
01:05:43,773 --> 01:05:45,408
I'm just looking at a tiny

3063
01:05:45,408 --> 01:05:46,409
pinhole below

3064
01:05:46,409 --> 01:05:48,210
and I see a little ring,

3065
01:05:48,210 --> 01:05:50,179
like a little spotlight.

3066
01:05:50,179 --> 01:05:51,547
This is so cool.

3067
01:05:51,547 --> 01:05:54,216
I can see ringlets dotting

3068
01:05:54,216 --> 01:05:55,985
around here.

3069
01:05:56,052 --> 01:05:56,919
Many people taking

3070
01:05:56,919 --> 01:05:59,288
pictures of the ground.

3071
01:05:59,288 --> 01:06:01,691
How are you feeling, Michael?

3072
01:06:01,691 --> 01:06:03,392
this is spectacular.

3073
01:06:03,392 --> 01:06:05,094
You know, we've been preparing

3074
01:06:05,094 --> 01:06:06,829
for this event for so long.

3075
01:06:06,829 --> 01:06:08,497
To actually be in this moment

3076
01:06:08,497 --> 01:06:09,699
and to be

3077
01:06:09,699 --> 01:06:10,833
experiencing it

3078
01:06:10,833 --> 01:06:13,803
live is is just tremendous.

3079
01:06:14,070 --> 01:06:15,404
Joy, how are you feeling?

3080
01:06:15,404 --> 01:06:17,273
I I'm just in awe.

3081
01:06:17,273 --> 01:06:17,940
You know this.

3082
01:06:17,940 --> 01:06:18,507
I can feel

3083
01:06:18,507 --> 01:06:19,842
the temperature drop.

3084
01:06:19,842 --> 01:06:21,143
And this ring of fire

3085
01:06:21,143 --> 01:06:23,346
is actually feels so long.

3086
01:06:23,346 --> 01:06:24,246
Yeah, it's

3087
01:06:24,246 --> 01:06:25,681
just about 4 minutes long.

3088
01:06:25,681 --> 01:06:27,783
And it feels just incredible

3089
01:06:27,783 --> 01:06:29,485
that we are seeing Moon

3090
01:06:29,485 --> 01:06:30,519
right in front of the sun

3091
01:06:30,519 --> 01:06:31,587
right now.

3092
01:06:31,587 --> 01:06:32,254
So that moon's

3093
01:06:32,254 --> 01:06:33,589
shadow is traversing

3094
01:06:33,589 --> 01:06:34,590
across the ground

3095
01:06:34,590 --> 01:06:35,891
at a few thousand

3096
01:06:35,891 --> 01:06:37,059
or a few thousand miles

3097
01:06:37,059 --> 01:06:38,828
an hour, almost Mach three.

3098
01:06:38,828 --> 01:06:40,696
So even though it seems like

3099
01:06:40,696 --> 01:06:41,630
it's lingering, it's

3100
01:06:41,630 --> 01:06:42,331
actually making

3101
01:06:42,331 --> 01:06:43,599
really good progress.

3102
01:06:43,599 --> 01:06:44,567
And pretty soon

3103
01:06:44,567 --> 01:06:46,669
our colleagues in Kerrville

3104
01:06:46,669 --> 01:06:47,603
will be seeing the

3105
01:06:47,603 --> 01:06:51,874
annual charity to

3106
01:06:51,941 --> 01:06:53,109
Wow and the crowds.

3107
01:06:53,109 --> 01:06:55,544
Everyone is still staring,

3108
01:06:55,544 --> 01:06:57,747
looking at the annual eclipse.

3109
01:06:57,747 --> 01:06:58,414
I love that

3110
01:06:58,414 --> 01:06:59,615
everyone is here together,

3111
01:06:59,615 --> 01:07:02,184
enjoying this together.

3112
01:07:02,184 --> 01:07:02,785
Wow.

3113
01:07:02,785 --> 01:07:03,619
You can almost hear

3114
01:07:03,619 --> 01:07:05,321
a little bit of an on reverence

3115
01:07:05,321 --> 01:07:06,455
among the crowd.

3116
01:07:06,455 --> 01:07:06,889
Initially,

3117
01:07:06,889 --> 01:07:07,857
there was a bit of cheering

3118
01:07:07,857 --> 01:07:08,858
and then everything

3119
01:07:08,858 --> 01:07:09,959
got a little bit quieter

3120
01:07:09,959 --> 01:07:11,260
as people took in the side.

3121
01:07:11,260 --> 01:07:12,661
I think that, you know,

3122
01:07:12,661 --> 01:07:13,763
as people experience

3123
01:07:13,763 --> 01:07:14,530
this event,

3124
01:07:14,530 --> 01:07:15,698
it strikes both,

3125
01:07:15,698 --> 01:07:16,665
you know, personal

3126
01:07:16,665 --> 01:07:17,700
but also communal.

3127
01:07:17,700 --> 01:07:18,234
And it's it's

3128
01:07:18,234 --> 01:07:21,070
a really beautiful, beautiful.

3129
01:07:21,070 --> 01:07:21,971
I would say we have

3130
01:07:21,971 --> 01:07:23,205
about thousands of people

3131
01:07:23,205 --> 01:07:24,874
in the fiesta today

3132
01:07:24,874 --> 01:07:25,641
and hundreds on the

3133
01:07:25,641 --> 01:07:27,309
museum grounds.

3134
01:07:27,309 --> 01:07:28,878
Everyone is just excited

3135
01:07:28,878 --> 01:07:29,712
about this eclipse

3136
01:07:29,712 --> 01:07:32,715
and it's just so lovely to see.

3137
01:07:32,882 --> 01:07:33,983
And I think also

3138
01:07:33,983 --> 01:07:35,451
what I really love to do

3139
01:07:35,451 --> 01:07:36,752
is to look at the crowd and see

3140
01:07:36,752 --> 01:07:39,021
everybody looking up at the sky

3141
01:07:39,021 --> 01:07:39,955
with their glasses on

3142
01:07:39,955 --> 01:07:40,823
in the same place.

3143
01:07:40,823 --> 01:07:41,490
It's just

3144
01:07:41,490 --> 01:07:43,559
it's fun to do a little bit of

3145
01:07:43,559 --> 01:07:47,830
people watching as well. Yes.

3146
01:07:47,897 --> 01:07:48,564
Well, this is a

3147
01:07:48,564 --> 01:07:50,132
perfect ring of fire.

3148
01:07:50,132 --> 01:07:52,034
It's just so crisp.

3149
01:07:52,034 --> 01:07:54,203
Yeah. It's it's fantastic.

3150
01:07:54,203 --> 01:07:55,538
I'm so excited for the science

3151
01:07:55,538 --> 01:07:55,871
that are

3152
01:07:55,871 --> 01:07:56,138
going to be

3153
01:07:56,138 --> 01:07:57,039
coming out of this, too.

3154
01:07:57,039 --> 01:07:57,940
Of course that,

3155
01:07:57,940 --> 01:07:58,641
I always come to

3156
01:07:58,641 --> 01:07:59,642
back to the science

3157
01:07:59,642 --> 01:08:02,044
and the this

3158
01:08:02,044 --> 01:08:03,312
opportunity to

3159
01:08:03,312 --> 01:08:04,780
have the moon covered to

3160
01:08:04,780 --> 01:08:06,148
this extent is going to provide

3161
01:08:06,148 --> 01:08:07,783
us really amazing data

3162
01:08:07,783 --> 01:08:09,452
about how the sun and moon

3163
01:08:09,452 --> 01:08:10,653
and earth are interact,

3164
01:08:10,653 --> 01:08:11,454
how they interact

3165
01:08:11,454 --> 01:08:13,689
with each other. my goodness.

3166
01:08:13,689 --> 01:08:15,124
We have about 30 seconds

3167
01:08:15,124 --> 01:08:17,093
left of angularity here.

3168
01:08:17,093 --> 01:08:18,127
I just want to absorb

3169
01:08:18,127 --> 01:08:20,596
this moment.

3170
01:08:20,596 --> 01:08:23,833
It's so fast and so slow.

3171
01:08:23,933 --> 01:08:27,703
Definitely.

3172
01:08:27,770 --> 01:08:42,885
Wow, what a sight.

3173
01:08:42,985 --> 01:08:43,886
The bottom.

3174
01:08:43,886 --> 01:08:44,854
Sometimes you just have

3175
01:08:44,854 --> 01:08:46,622
to take a moment to take it in.

3176
01:08:46,622 --> 01:08:47,656
Yes.

3177
01:08:47,656 --> 01:08:50,126
my goodness.

3178
01:08:50,126 --> 01:08:50,359
Well,

3179
01:08:50,359 --> 01:08:51,527
we have a few more seconds

3180
01:08:51,527 --> 01:08:52,495
left of angularity

3181
01:08:52,495 --> 01:08:53,696
in Albuquerque.

3182
01:08:53,696 --> 01:08:54,263
Yeah, we're

3183
01:08:54,263 --> 01:08:55,364
closing down

3184
01:08:55,364 --> 01:08:56,699
on the last little bit.

3185
01:08:56,699 --> 01:08:57,233
Take us,

3186
01:08:57,233 --> 01:08:58,734
see if you can see a Bailey's

3187
01:08:58,734 --> 01:08:59,935
bead possibly

3188
01:08:59,935 --> 01:09:01,003
popping up

3189
01:09:01,003 --> 01:09:03,806
right as that edge of the moon.

3190
01:09:03,806 --> 01:09:04,773
It aligns with

3191
01:09:04,773 --> 01:09:10,212
the edge of the sun.

3192
01:09:10,312 --> 01:09:12,848
And just seconds left.

3193
01:09:12,848 --> 01:09:13,315
Really?

3194
01:09:13,315 --> 01:09:15,684
Such a gorgeous sight.

3195
01:09:15,684 --> 01:09:19,255
It really is.

3196
01:09:19,321 --> 01:09:20,389
that is going to be

3197
01:09:20,389 --> 01:09:23,392
a moment to remember.

3198
01:09:23,492 --> 01:09:25,728
absolutely.

3199
01:09:25,728 --> 01:09:26,962
So careful is going

3200
01:09:26,962 --> 01:09:29,131
to be experiencing this

3201
01:09:29,131 --> 01:09:30,232
very, very soon.

3202
01:09:30,232 --> 01:09:32,234
So let's head back to them

3203
01:09:32,234 --> 01:09:33,235
in Kabul, Texas,

3204
01:09:33,235 --> 01:09:37,173
to see what they're up to.

3205
01:09:37,239 --> 01:09:39,241
I mean, Joy and Michael, like,

3206
01:09:39,241 --> 01:09:40,342
I got goosebumps

3207
01:09:40,342 --> 01:09:41,343
watching you

3208
01:09:41,343 --> 01:09:42,845
experience and clarity

3209
01:09:42,845 --> 01:09:43,479
and, you know, like,

3210
01:09:43,479 --> 01:09:45,281
that is about to be us soon.

3211
01:09:45,281 --> 01:09:46,015
It's true.

3212
01:09:46,015 --> 01:09:46,982
I mean, so to hear,

3213
01:09:46,982 --> 01:09:48,851
we're about 550

3214
01:09:48,851 --> 01:09:50,319
miles away from them

3215
01:09:50,319 --> 01:09:51,820
and we will have granularity

3216
01:09:51,820 --> 01:09:52,888
in about 10 minutes,

3217
01:09:52,888 --> 01:09:54,356
because, as Michael said,

3218
01:09:54,356 --> 01:09:56,158
the moon's shadow is traveling

3219
01:09:56,158 --> 01:09:57,960
more than a thousand miles

3220
01:09:57,960 --> 01:09:59,528
an hour.

3221
01:09:59,528 --> 01:10:02,164
So, yeah, see, the crowd is

3222
01:10:02,164 --> 01:10:03,766
just getting excited

3223
01:10:03,766 --> 01:10:05,201
for today's opportunity.

3224
01:10:05,201 --> 01:10:05,834
And folks it's

3225
01:10:05,834 --> 01:10:07,770
starting to get dimmer here.

3226
01:10:07,770 --> 01:10:09,872
Like it is going to be amazing.

3227
01:10:09,872 --> 01:10:10,339
Yeah.

3228
01:10:10,339 --> 01:10:10,973
So, Gina,

3229
01:10:10,973 --> 01:10:12,107
other than

3230
01:10:12,107 --> 01:10:13,142
sheer beauty,

3231
01:10:13,142 --> 01:10:14,843
why do we observe eclipses

3232
01:10:14,843 --> 01:10:16,011
on Mars?

3233
01:10:16,011 --> 01:10:16,345
Well,

3234
01:10:16,345 --> 01:10:17,479
now you can learn

3235
01:10:17,479 --> 01:10:18,814
a ton of different science

3236
01:10:18,814 --> 01:10:20,115
from the eclipses.

3237
01:10:20,115 --> 01:10:20,749
So let's talk

3238
01:10:20,749 --> 01:10:22,318
about exoplanets for a second,

3239
01:10:22,318 --> 01:10:23,052
because when we

3240
01:10:23,052 --> 01:10:24,420
study exoplanets,

3241
01:10:24,420 --> 01:10:26,555
we are actually using eclipses.

3242
01:10:26,555 --> 01:10:28,557
The planet itself is passing

3243
01:10:28,557 --> 01:10:30,025
in front of its host star.

3244
01:10:30,025 --> 01:10:30,826
And so we can learn

3245
01:10:30,826 --> 01:10:32,261
about the exoplanets.

3246
01:10:32,261 --> 01:10:33,495
There are eclipses

3247
01:10:33,495 --> 01:10:34,296
on other planets

3248
01:10:34,296 --> 01:10:35,164
in our solar system

3249
01:10:35,164 --> 01:10:36,131
that we can study.

3250
01:10:36,131 --> 01:10:37,433
But here on Earth,

3251
01:10:37,433 --> 01:10:38,067
the science

3252
01:10:38,067 --> 01:10:39,301
that we're able to do

3253
01:10:39,301 --> 01:10:40,135
will inform us

3254
01:10:40,135 --> 01:10:41,770
about the upper atmosphere

3255
01:10:41,770 --> 01:10:43,472
and how it responds to the sun.

3256
01:10:43,472 --> 01:10:44,573
So really understanding

3257
01:10:44,573 --> 01:10:45,341
kind of that sun,

3258
01:10:45,341 --> 01:10:46,442
earth connection,

3259
01:10:46,442 --> 01:10:47,243
we can do lunar

3260
01:10:47,243 --> 01:10:48,177
science as well.

3261
01:10:48,177 --> 01:10:49,011
And of course

3262
01:10:49,011 --> 01:10:50,012
solar science learning

3263
01:10:50,012 --> 01:10:51,247
more about the sun.

3264
01:10:51,247 --> 01:10:52,548
So eclipses are touching.

3265
01:10:52,548 --> 01:10:53,315
Earth science.

3266
01:10:53,315 --> 01:10:54,316
Planetary science.

3267
01:10:54,316 --> 01:10:55,417
Sun science, everything

3268
01:10:55,417 --> 01:10:57,386
credible and studying it all?

3269
01:10:57,386 --> 01:10:58,420
Yes, exactly.

3270
01:10:58,420 --> 01:10:59,521
We take advantage of that

3271
01:10:59,521 --> 01:11:00,089
for sure.

3272
01:11:00,089 --> 01:11:00,789
Absolutely.

3273
01:11:00,789 --> 01:11:02,491
I mean, spectacular sight,

3274
01:11:02,491 --> 01:11:04,059
spectacular science.

3275
01:11:04,059 --> 01:11:04,660
So, folks

3276
01:11:04,660 --> 01:11:05,327
we have James

3277
01:11:05,327 --> 01:11:07,263
standing by at our eclipse

3278
01:11:07,263 --> 01:11:08,497
desk with a telescope

3279
01:11:08,497 --> 01:11:10,299
operator who's going to show us

3280
01:11:10,299 --> 01:11:12,001
the next city experiencing

3281
01:11:12,001 --> 01:11:12,935
any clarity.

3282
01:11:12,935 --> 01:11:15,237
James, how are things?

3283
01:11:15,237 --> 01:11:15,471
Yeah.

3284
01:11:15,471 --> 01:11:15,871
Hey, Taylor,

3285
01:11:15,871 --> 01:11:16,505
I just had a quick

3286
01:11:16,505 --> 01:11:17,206
look outside.

3287
01:11:17,206 --> 01:11:19,008
It is really surreal here.

3288
01:11:19,008 --> 01:11:20,175
It's kind of hard to process

3289
01:11:20,175 --> 01:11:21,076
exactly what we're seeing

3290
01:11:21,076 --> 01:11:22,378
because it it's daytime,

3291
01:11:22,378 --> 01:11:23,646
but it feels like it's not.

3292
01:11:23,646 --> 01:11:24,780
It's starting to get already

3293
01:11:24,780 --> 01:11:26,015
very close to annular.

3294
01:11:26,015 --> 01:11:27,182
You can hear a lot of screams

3295
01:11:27,182 --> 01:11:28,083
behind me now.

3296
01:11:28,083 --> 01:11:28,517
Right now,

3297
01:11:28,517 --> 01:11:29,285
we're actually getting

3298
01:11:29,285 --> 01:11:30,085
the annual charity

3299
01:11:30,085 --> 01:11:31,754
in Roswell, New Mexico.

3300
01:11:31,754 --> 01:11:32,221
They should have

3301
01:11:32,221 --> 01:11:33,622
a phenomenal view outside

3302
01:11:33,622 --> 01:11:34,490
right now.

3303
01:11:34,490 --> 01:11:35,357
And I'm actually joined

3304
01:11:35,357 --> 01:11:36,325
by a telescope

3305
01:11:36,325 --> 01:11:36,859
operator who's

3306
01:11:36,859 --> 01:11:37,426
been providing

3307
01:11:37,426 --> 01:11:38,527
a phenomenal view

3308
01:11:38,527 --> 01:11:39,028
for us all

3309
01:11:39,028 --> 01:11:40,262
morning with her telescope.

3310
01:11:40,262 --> 01:11:41,163
This is Katherine Troche

3311
01:11:41,163 --> 01:11:41,764
Thank you so much

3312
01:11:41,764 --> 01:11:42,598
for joining us today.

3313
01:11:42,598 --> 01:11:43,098
Thank you

3314
01:11:43,098 --> 01:11:44,199
so much for having me.

3315
01:11:44,199 --> 01:11:45,434
This is so exciting.

3316
01:11:45,434 --> 01:11:46,402
Yeah, it's really

3317
01:11:46,402 --> 01:11:47,369
mind blowing seeing it.

3318
01:11:47,369 --> 01:11:48,170
And so you have

3319
01:11:48,170 --> 01:11:48,904
quite the setup.

3320
01:11:48,904 --> 01:11:49,471
Could you walk us

3321
01:11:49,471 --> 01:11:50,072
through exactly

3322
01:11:50,072 --> 01:11:51,106
what you have outside for us?

3323
01:11:51,106 --> 01:11:51,540
Sure.

3324
01:11:51,540 --> 01:11:53,909
I have a Celestron 6 SE

3325
01:11:53,909 --> 01:11:54,543
It's a Schmidt

3326
01:11:54,543 --> 01:11:55,744
Cassegrain telescope

3327
01:11:55,744 --> 01:11:56,645
with a solar filter

3328
01:11:56,645 --> 01:11:57,279
on the front

3329
01:11:57,279 --> 01:11:58,514
and a DSLR camera

3330
01:11:58,514 --> 01:11:59,882
that's streaming to YouTube.

3331
01:11:59,882 --> 01:12:01,283
And so a Schmidt Cassegrain

3332
01:12:01,283 --> 01:12:01,684
telescope's

3333
01:12:01,684 --> 01:12:03,052
a bit of a unique telescope.

3334
01:12:03,052 --> 01:12:03,752
Usually think

3335
01:12:03,752 --> 01:12:04,119
kind of like

3336
01:12:04,119 --> 01:12:05,321
a long cylindrical thing,

3337
01:12:05,321 --> 01:12:06,588
but this concentrates

3338
01:12:06,588 --> 01:12:06,922
the image

3339
01:12:06,922 --> 01:12:07,956
in a different way, right?

3340
01:12:07,956 --> 01:12:08,390
Right.

3341
01:12:08,390 --> 01:12:09,158
So it's a little bit

3342
01:12:09,158 --> 01:12:09,892
more compact.

3343
01:12:09,892 --> 01:12:11,627
It's definitely designed

3344
01:12:11,627 --> 01:12:13,295
for astrophotography in mind

3345
01:12:13,295 --> 01:12:14,463
and it works.

3346
01:12:14,463 --> 01:12:16,231
Is there is a glass corrector

3347
01:12:16,231 --> 01:12:16,965
plate in the front,

3348
01:12:16,965 --> 01:12:18,000
clear glass

3349
01:12:18,000 --> 01:12:18,734
and the light

3350
01:12:18,734 --> 01:12:19,401
from anything

3351
01:12:19,401 --> 01:12:20,102
that you're looking at,

3352
01:12:20,102 --> 01:12:21,003
whether it's planets

3353
01:12:21,003 --> 01:12:21,937
or in this case today,

3354
01:12:21,937 --> 01:12:23,839
the sun will travel

3355
01:12:23,839 --> 01:12:24,273
the correct

3356
01:12:24,273 --> 01:12:25,774
plate to the primary mirror

3357
01:12:25,774 --> 01:12:26,442
that's at the back

3358
01:12:26,442 --> 01:12:27,376
of the telescope.

3359
01:12:27,376 --> 01:12:28,811
Then that will bounce

3360
01:12:28,811 --> 01:12:30,145
back into the secondary mirror

3361
01:12:30,145 --> 01:12:30,913
that is attached

3362
01:12:30,913 --> 01:12:31,947
to the corrector plate

3363
01:12:31,947 --> 01:12:32,815
on the front.

3364
01:12:32,815 --> 01:12:34,983
And then it'll go through again

3365
01:12:34,983 --> 01:12:35,918
back at it

3366
01:12:35,918 --> 01:12:36,985
into the diagonal

3367
01:12:36,985 --> 01:12:37,686
that's attached

3368
01:12:37,686 --> 01:12:39,088
to the DSLR camera

3369
01:12:39,088 --> 01:12:39,955
or an eyepiece

3370
01:12:39,955 --> 01:12:40,756
if you're looking at it.

3371
01:12:40,756 --> 01:12:42,424
So pretty complex process.

3372
01:12:42,424 --> 01:12:43,125
And also

3373
01:12:43,125 --> 01:12:44,193
you have to have

3374
01:12:44,193 --> 01:12:45,027
special protection

3375
01:12:45,027 --> 01:12:46,061
for the telescope itself

3376
01:12:46,061 --> 01:12:46,595
because you're used

3377
01:12:46,595 --> 01:12:47,062
to looking at

3378
01:12:47,062 --> 01:12:47,963
pretty dim objects.

3379
01:12:47,963 --> 01:12:48,430
What do you have

3380
01:12:48,430 --> 01:12:49,198
set up for that?

3381
01:12:49,198 --> 01:12:50,566
So I have a white light

3382
01:12:50,566 --> 01:12:51,734
solar filter

3383
01:12:51,734 --> 01:12:52,768
and it is in

3384
01:12:52,768 --> 01:12:53,669
credibly important,

3385
01:12:53,669 --> 01:12:54,970
just like protecting your eyes.

3386
01:12:54,970 --> 01:12:55,838
You need to have

3387
01:12:55,838 --> 01:12:56,538
solar equipment

3388
01:12:56,538 --> 01:12:57,906
for your telescope

3389
01:12:57,906 --> 01:12:58,774
or your camera

3390
01:12:58,774 --> 01:12:59,775
if you're photographing

3391
01:12:59,775 --> 01:13:00,576
the sun. Yeah.

3392
01:13:00,576 --> 01:13:01,276
And so also,

3393
01:13:01,276 --> 01:13:02,211
this is obviously moving

3394
01:13:02,211 --> 01:13:03,278
really quickly across our sky.

3395
01:13:03,278 --> 01:13:04,046
You just heard from Michael

3396
01:13:04,046 --> 01:13:05,547
that this is really quite

3397
01:13:05,547 --> 01:13:06,382
a quick event here.

3398
01:13:06,382 --> 01:13:07,182
So how do you keep it

3399
01:13:07,182 --> 01:13:07,883
in the field of view

3400
01:13:07,883 --> 01:13:08,617
of the camera?

3401
01:13:08,617 --> 01:13:09,551
Well, thankfully,

3402
01:13:09,551 --> 01:13:10,352
the remote control

3403
01:13:10,352 --> 01:13:11,620
that's part of the telescope

3404
01:13:11,620 --> 01:13:12,988
actually has a city

3405
01:13:12,988 --> 01:13:13,856
database set up

3406
01:13:13,856 --> 01:13:14,990
so I can program it

3407
01:13:14,990 --> 01:13:15,824
for city and state.

3408
01:13:15,824 --> 01:13:16,458
And Kerrville

3409
01:13:16,458 --> 01:13:18,060
was actually listed at that.

3410
01:13:18,060 --> 01:13:18,694
Very awesome.

3411
01:13:18,694 --> 01:13:19,261
And yes,

3412
01:13:19,261 --> 01:13:20,496
so you can see it's already

3413
01:13:20,496 --> 01:13:21,897
moving very quickly towards us.

3414
01:13:21,897 --> 01:13:22,664
This is where

3415
01:13:22,664 --> 01:13:23,399
parity is going to be

3416
01:13:23,399 --> 01:13:24,333
currently taking place.

3417
01:13:24,333 --> 01:13:25,067
You can see

3418
01:13:25,067 --> 01:13:26,201
we're next in line here

3419
01:13:26,201 --> 01:13:26,668
and coming up in

3420
01:13:26,668 --> 01:13:27,469
just a little bit.

3421
01:13:27,469 --> 01:13:29,138
So very excited to continue

3422
01:13:29,138 --> 01:13:30,806
tracking this across our skies.

3423
01:13:30,806 --> 01:13:31,507
Thank you so much for

3424
01:13:31,507 --> 01:13:32,508
inviting this awesome

3425
01:13:32,508 --> 01:13:33,475
view for us all morning.

3426
01:13:33,475 --> 01:13:34,510
You can really see it's

3427
01:13:34,510 --> 01:13:35,778
it's really getting close now.

3428
01:13:35,778 --> 01:13:36,445
It's got this

3429
01:13:36,445 --> 01:13:37,579
beautiful crescent to it.

3430
01:13:37,579 --> 01:13:38,313
Usually we're used to

3431
01:13:38,313 --> 01:13:38,981
a crescent moon.

3432
01:13:38,981 --> 01:13:40,549
We've got a crescent sun today.

3433
01:13:40,549 --> 01:13:41,984
I mean, really awesome.

3434
01:13:41,984 --> 01:13:42,885
And in just a few moments,

3435
01:13:42,885 --> 01:13:43,452
we're going to have

3436
01:13:43,452 --> 01:13:45,087
the Ring of Fire

3437
01:13:45,087 --> 01:13:46,121
of annual charity.

3438
01:13:46,121 --> 01:13:47,055
Very excited to have that.

3439
01:13:47,055 --> 01:13:47,589
Thank you so much

3440
01:13:47,589 --> 01:13:49,158
for joining us, Kat. Thank you.

3441
01:13:49,158 --> 01:13:51,460
And back to you, too, Hero.

3442
01:13:51,527 --> 01:13:52,261
Thanks, James.

3443
01:13:52,261 --> 01:13:52,995
And Kat.

3444
01:13:52,995 --> 01:13:55,564
Now we have about six

3445
01:13:55,564 --> 01:13:56,965
ish minutes, 630

3446
01:13:56,965 --> 01:13:58,000
until a new clarity

3447
01:13:58,000 --> 01:13:59,635
makes its way here

3448
01:13:59,635 --> 01:14:01,537
to Kerrville, Texas.

3449
01:14:01,537 --> 01:14:03,038
As you can hear,

3450
01:14:03,038 --> 01:14:05,607
the anticipation is high there.

3451
01:14:05,607 --> 01:14:06,475
So excited.

3452
01:14:06,475 --> 01:14:07,376
And so, Gina,

3453
01:14:07,376 --> 01:14:08,477
as we count down

3454
01:14:08,477 --> 01:14:09,478
to the big moment,

3455
01:14:09,478 --> 01:14:10,179
let's take a few

3456
01:14:10,179 --> 01:14:12,114
social questions. Let's do it.

3457
01:14:12,114 --> 01:14:12,881
Okay.

3458
01:14:12,881 --> 01:14:13,949
So we have something

3459
01:14:13,949 --> 01:14:15,784
to see here on X,

3460
01:14:15,784 --> 01:14:16,585
who asks,

3461
01:14:16,585 --> 01:14:17,319
am I seeing a

3462
01:14:17,319 --> 01:14:18,720
couple of sunspots

3463
01:14:18,720 --> 01:14:20,189
on the telescope here?

3464
01:14:20,189 --> 01:14:22,324
Yes, you are seeing some signs.

3465
01:14:22,324 --> 01:14:23,892
But as I look at the live feed,

3466
01:14:23,892 --> 01:14:25,794
maybe not so much right now

3467
01:14:25,794 --> 01:14:27,463
because the moon is blocking

3468
01:14:27,463 --> 01:14:28,697
most of the sun.

3469
01:14:28,697 --> 01:14:30,199
But when the moon

3470
01:14:30,199 --> 01:14:30,933
wasn't covering

3471
01:14:30,933 --> 01:14:31,667
as much as the sun,

3472
01:14:31,667 --> 01:14:33,135
you could see some darker

3473
01:14:33,135 --> 01:14:34,303
spots and black spots

3474
01:14:34,303 --> 01:14:35,103
here and there.

3475
01:14:35,103 --> 01:14:35,704
And those,

3476
01:14:35,704 --> 01:14:37,172
in fact, are sunspots,

3477
01:14:37,172 --> 01:14:38,340
which are areas of

3478
01:14:38,340 --> 01:14:40,876
really intense magnetic.

3479
01:14:40,876 --> 01:14:42,177
And the surface of the sun

3480
01:14:42,177 --> 01:14:43,345
is actually cooler,

3481
01:14:43,345 --> 01:14:45,047
which is why they appear darker

3482
01:14:45,047 --> 01:14:46,448
than the rest of the bright sun

3483
01:14:46,448 --> 01:14:47,449
that we see now.

3484
01:14:47,449 --> 01:14:48,350
We heard a little bit

3485
01:14:48,350 --> 01:14:49,451
about space weather

3486
01:14:49,451 --> 01:14:51,119
and some of that solar activity

3487
01:14:51,119 --> 01:14:51,753
that's coming

3488
01:14:51,753 --> 01:14:53,088
towards Earth during,

3489
01:14:53,088 --> 01:14:53,522
you know,

3490
01:14:53,522 --> 01:14:55,324
some of the sun's activity.

3491
01:14:55,324 --> 01:14:56,325
And basically

3492
01:14:56,325 --> 01:14:57,993
these sunspots are where

3493
01:14:57,993 --> 01:14:59,895
that activity can come from.

3494
01:14:59,895 --> 01:15:01,063
And right now

3495
01:15:01,063 --> 01:15:01,930
the sun

3496
01:15:01,930 --> 01:15:02,831
is in the part of

3497
01:15:02,831 --> 01:15:03,765
its solar cycle

3498
01:15:03,765 --> 01:15:05,200
where more of those sun spots

3499
01:15:05,200 --> 01:15:06,034
start to appear.

3500
01:15:06,034 --> 01:15:07,369
So the sun goes through

3501
01:15:07,369 --> 01:15:09,004
an 11 year cycle.

3502
01:15:09,004 --> 01:15:09,371
Yeah.

3503
01:15:09,371 --> 01:15:10,038
Where it's

3504
01:15:10,038 --> 01:15:11,406
where it becomes active

3505
01:15:11,406 --> 01:15:12,207
and then where it becomes

3506
01:15:12,207 --> 01:15:12,875
less active.

3507
01:15:12,875 --> 01:15:13,475
And right now

3508
01:15:13,475 --> 01:15:14,510
we're inching towards

3509
01:15:14,510 --> 01:15:15,110
what we call that

3510
01:15:15,110 --> 01:15:15,944
solar maximum.

3511
01:15:15,944 --> 01:15:17,012
And so more and more of those

3512
01:15:17,012 --> 01:15:18,046
sunspots appear.

3513
01:15:18,046 --> 01:15:18,413
And that's

3514
01:15:18,413 --> 01:15:19,548
what we're seeing today.

3515
01:15:19,548 --> 01:15:20,382
That is incredible.

3516
01:15:20,382 --> 01:15:21,650
And I mean, again,

3517
01:15:21,650 --> 01:15:23,252
talk about activity,

3518
01:15:23,252 --> 01:15:24,386
Jeanette, This crowd

3519
01:15:24,386 --> 01:15:25,621
right now, like folks,

3520
01:15:25,621 --> 01:15:26,355
if you could see it,

3521
01:15:26,355 --> 01:15:27,623
I don't know exactly.

3522
01:15:27,623 --> 01:15:28,423
Wick Yeah,

3523
01:15:28,423 --> 01:15:28,991
I think

3524
01:15:28,991 --> 01:15:30,025
we have folks

3525
01:15:30,025 --> 01:15:31,059
looking up already

3526
01:15:31,059 --> 01:15:32,828
with the eclipse glasses on.

3527
01:15:32,828 --> 01:15:34,296
You see the live telescope feed

3528
01:15:34,296 --> 01:15:35,330
and you're

3529
01:15:35,330 --> 01:15:36,331
on the screen right now.

3530
01:15:36,331 --> 01:15:38,433
We are moments away,

3531
01:15:38,433 --> 01:15:39,635
but think is super cool.

3532
01:15:39,635 --> 01:15:40,202
We've even got

3533
01:15:40,202 --> 01:15:41,103
some folks out here

3534
01:15:41,103 --> 01:15:43,405
with their own telescopes

3535
01:15:43,405 --> 01:15:44,239
and cameras

3536
01:15:44,239 --> 01:15:45,774
to really capture

3537
01:15:45,774 --> 01:15:48,243
this spectacular event.

3538
01:15:48,243 --> 01:15:49,444
And so, again,

3539
01:15:49,444 --> 01:15:49,912
it looks like

3540
01:15:49,912 --> 01:15:51,780
we've got about 4 minutes.

3541
01:15:51,780 --> 01:15:53,081
The crowd is growing.

3542
01:15:53,081 --> 01:15:54,149
And I'm interested

3543
01:15:54,149 --> 01:15:55,951
to see how

3544
01:15:55,951 --> 01:15:57,386
everything kind of cools

3545
01:15:57,386 --> 01:15:59,955
down, too So we'll see.

3546
01:15:59,955 --> 01:16:01,757
Gina, I have another question.

3547
01:16:01,757 --> 01:16:03,759
This is from Berin on YouTube

3548
01:16:03,759 --> 01:16:04,927
who asks, Does

3549
01:16:04,927 --> 01:16:06,128
a solar eclipse

3550
01:16:06,128 --> 01:16:08,163
have a material impact

3551
01:16:08,163 --> 01:16:09,598
on the atmosphere?

3552
01:16:09,598 --> 01:16:10,832
I love this question

3553
01:16:10,832 --> 01:16:12,200
because with the eclipse

3554
01:16:12,200 --> 01:16:12,901
we really are

3555
01:16:12,901 --> 01:16:14,136
trying to understand

3556
01:16:14,136 --> 01:16:15,804
the Sun Earth connection.

3557
01:16:15,804 --> 01:16:16,972
And so you can almost

3558
01:16:16,972 --> 01:16:18,106
think of the eclipse

3559
01:16:18,106 --> 01:16:20,075
as a controlled experiment.

3560
01:16:20,075 --> 01:16:21,910
Basically, the fact that

3561
01:16:21,910 --> 01:16:23,178
we often

3562
01:16:23,178 --> 01:16:24,246
experience changes

3563
01:16:24,246 --> 01:16:25,213
in our atmosphere

3564
01:16:25,213 --> 01:16:26,515
during the nighttime,

3565
01:16:26,515 --> 01:16:28,116
But the eclipse is almost able

3566
01:16:28,116 --> 01:16:30,752
to turn often on the sun.

3567
01:16:30,752 --> 01:16:31,753
So, I mean,

3568
01:16:31,753 --> 01:16:32,621
even right now

3569
01:16:32,621 --> 01:16:34,690
we were blasted with

3570
01:16:34,690 --> 01:16:35,757
the sun earlier

3571
01:16:35,757 --> 01:16:36,792
and now it looks

3572
01:16:36,792 --> 01:16:38,393
like it's darker.

3573
01:16:38,393 --> 01:16:39,094
And so

3574
01:16:39,094 --> 01:16:40,329
it's the upper atmosphere

3575
01:16:40,329 --> 01:16:41,396
that we're really interested

3576
01:16:41,396 --> 01:16:42,397
in understanding

3577
01:16:42,397 --> 01:16:43,231
and the energy

3578
01:16:43,231 --> 01:16:44,099
and the radiation

3579
01:16:44,099 --> 01:16:45,601
from the sun creates

3580
01:16:45,601 --> 01:16:47,069
what we call the ionosphere.

3581
01:16:47,069 --> 01:16:47,903
This upper part

3582
01:16:47,903 --> 01:16:48,770
of the atmosphere

3583
01:16:48,770 --> 01:16:49,204
that's filled

3584
01:16:49,204 --> 01:16:50,505
with charged particles.

3585
01:16:50,505 --> 01:16:52,641
And so when the sun's radiation

3586
01:16:52,641 --> 01:16:54,242
is not hitting the atmosphere

3587
01:16:54,242 --> 01:16:55,410
that ionosphere,

3588
01:16:55,410 --> 01:16:56,445
it changes

3589
01:16:56,445 --> 01:16:58,580
in its density temperature.

3590
01:16:58,580 --> 01:16:59,581
And we're really trying

3591
01:16:59,581 --> 01:17:01,183
to understand those changes.

3592
01:17:01,183 --> 01:17:02,384
And the eclipse gives us

3593
01:17:02,384 --> 01:17:03,418
that opportunity

3594
01:17:03,418 --> 01:17:04,186
to really

3595
01:17:04,186 --> 01:17:05,621
turn the sun on and off,

3596
01:17:05,621 --> 01:17:07,222
which we can't do

3597
01:17:07,222 --> 01:17:08,123
in fact,

3598
01:17:08,123 --> 01:17:08,624
honestly,

3599
01:17:08,624 --> 01:17:09,691
all of us also

3600
01:17:09,691 --> 01:17:10,726
get to be a part of it.

3601
01:17:10,726 --> 01:17:11,493
It's really cool.

3602
01:17:11,493 --> 01:17:12,894
It is. Thanks, Gina.

3603
01:17:12,894 --> 01:17:13,962
So our next question

3604
01:17:13,962 --> 01:17:16,064
is from Hunter on YouTube,

3605
01:17:16,064 --> 01:17:16,999
who asks,

3606
01:17:16,999 --> 01:17:18,467
Does the solar eclipse

3607
01:17:18,467 --> 01:17:19,601
affect the moon

3608
01:17:19,601 --> 01:17:21,336
when it happens at night?

3609
01:17:21,336 --> 01:17:23,305
Okay, great question, Hunter.

3610
01:17:23,305 --> 01:17:25,841
So today, as we're experiencing

3611
01:17:25,841 --> 01:17:27,109
a solar eclipse

3612
01:17:27,109 --> 01:17:28,810
that that the moon is

3613
01:17:28,810 --> 01:17:31,013
between the sun and the earth.

3614
01:17:31,013 --> 01:17:32,180
Now, Bill,

3615
01:17:32,180 --> 01:17:33,415
the lunar eclipse

3616
01:17:33,415 --> 01:17:34,583
lunar eclipse that can take

3617
01:17:34,583 --> 01:17:35,117
place

3618
01:17:35,117 --> 01:17:36,018
is when

3619
01:17:36,018 --> 01:17:37,486
the moon is actually on the

3620
01:17:37,486 --> 01:17:38,553
side of the earth.

3621
01:17:38,553 --> 01:17:39,521
And so today

3622
01:17:39,521 --> 01:17:40,288
we're experiencing

3623
01:17:40,288 --> 01:17:41,590
that solar eclipse

3624
01:17:41,590 --> 01:17:42,958
and we see that the moon

3625
01:17:42,958 --> 01:17:44,893
is very dark

3626
01:17:44,960 --> 01:17:45,861
and it looks like

3627
01:17:45,861 --> 01:17:47,095
we're getting a live feed.

3628
01:17:47,095 --> 01:17:48,263
Looking at that feed,

3629
01:17:48,263 --> 01:17:50,132
all of another insularity

3630
01:17:50,132 --> 01:17:52,567
taking place right now in

3631
01:17:52,567 --> 01:17:54,036
Odessa, Texas.

3632
01:17:54,036 --> 01:17:55,804
Wow.

3633
01:17:55,804 --> 01:17:56,638
there we go.

3634
01:17:56,638 --> 01:17:57,139
It's Cool

3635
01:17:57,139 --> 01:17:58,573
to see this comparison

3636
01:17:58,573 --> 01:17:59,941
right now. What is that?

3637
01:17:59,941 --> 01:18:00,842
What's on the side

3638
01:18:00,842 --> 01:18:01,877
of the screen?

3639
01:18:01,877 --> 01:18:02,644
We might have

3640
01:18:02,644 --> 01:18:04,246
some solar is sun.

3641
01:18:04,246 --> 01:18:07,015
Is that a Bailey's B? Yeah.

3642
01:18:07,015 --> 01:18:08,650
Or solar activity.

3643
01:18:08,650 --> 01:18:10,919
Wow. Wow.

3644
01:18:10,919 --> 01:18:13,922
That's incredible.

3645
01:18:14,022 --> 01:18:16,191
It is leaving Odessa

3646
01:18:16,191 --> 01:18:17,893
right now and heading

3647
01:18:17,893 --> 01:18:19,795
and coming our way.

3648
01:18:19,795 --> 01:18:20,162
my God.

3649
01:18:20,162 --> 01:18:21,196
And the other live feed

3650
01:18:21,196 --> 01:18:21,897
that we just have

3651
01:18:21,897 --> 01:18:23,432
a teeny tiny sliver.

3652
01:18:23,432 --> 01:18:25,067
The sun left peeking out.

3653
01:18:25,067 --> 01:18:25,934
Wow.

3654
01:18:25,934 --> 01:18:27,836
We've got about 2 minutes

3655
01:18:27,836 --> 01:18:28,303
here, folks.

3656
01:18:28,303 --> 01:18:29,538
As you can hear,

3657
01:18:29,538 --> 01:18:31,173
the crowd is chanting

3658
01:18:31,173 --> 01:18:32,674
and counting down

3659
01:18:32,674 --> 01:18:35,444
until our moment right now.

3660
01:18:35,444 --> 01:18:36,511
that is beautiful.

3661
01:18:36,511 --> 01:18:38,847
It's coming in so quickly, too.

3662
01:18:38,847 --> 01:18:39,581
And you can and

3663
01:18:39,581 --> 01:18:40,382
I'm going to grab those

3664
01:18:40,382 --> 01:18:43,218
black hat so that I have.

3665
01:18:43,318 --> 01:18:43,919
Okay.

3666
01:18:43,919 --> 01:18:44,453
Wow.

3667
01:18:44,453 --> 01:18:45,954
So before

3668
01:18:45,954 --> 01:18:46,555
we hit

3669
01:18:46,555 --> 01:18:47,389
our moment

3670
01:18:47,389 --> 01:18:49,691
and peak in any clarity,

3671
01:18:49,691 --> 01:18:50,992
folks, it's a good time

3672
01:18:50,992 --> 01:18:51,993
to give a reminder

3673
01:18:51,993 --> 01:18:53,762
that it is never safe

3674
01:18:53,762 --> 01:18:54,930
to look directly

3675
01:18:54,930 --> 01:18:55,697
at the eclipse

3676
01:18:55,697 --> 01:18:57,866
without proper eye protection

3677
01:18:57,866 --> 01:18:59,801
when watching even a partial

3678
01:18:59,801 --> 01:19:01,503
or annular solar eclipse

3679
01:19:01,503 --> 01:19:03,371
directly with your eyes,

3680
01:19:03,371 --> 01:19:05,507
you must look through safe

3681
01:19:05,507 --> 01:19:06,441
solar viewing

3682
01:19:06,441 --> 01:19:07,876
glasses or a handheld

3683
01:19:07,876 --> 01:19:09,611
viewer at all times.

3684
01:19:09,611 --> 01:19:10,712
Do not look at the sun

3685
01:19:10,712 --> 01:19:11,413
through a camera

3686
01:19:11,413 --> 01:19:13,415
lens, telescope

3687
01:19:13,415 --> 01:19:15,550
or any other optical device

3688
01:19:15,550 --> 01:19:17,853
while wearing eclipse glasses.

3689
01:19:17,853 --> 01:19:20,088
One more minute.

3690
01:19:20,088 --> 01:19:20,956
If you don't have

3691
01:19:20,956 --> 01:19:21,823
eclipse glasses,

3692
01:19:21,823 --> 01:19:22,924
you can use an indirect

3693
01:19:22,924 --> 01:19:23,892
viewing method

3694
01:19:23,892 --> 01:19:25,327
like a pinhole projector,

3695
01:19:25,327 --> 01:19:26,762
which has a small opening,

3696
01:19:26,762 --> 01:19:27,429
and we'll project

3697
01:19:27,429 --> 01:19:28,463
the image of the sun

3698
01:19:28,463 --> 01:19:30,699
onto a nearby surface.

3699
01:19:30,699 --> 01:19:31,833
You just heard it.

3700
01:19:31,833 --> 01:19:33,201
We under a minute

3701
01:19:33,201 --> 01:19:35,504
away from the annular eclipse

3702
01:19:35,504 --> 01:19:38,006
making its way across our area

3703
01:19:38,006 --> 01:19:39,674
into Kerrville, Texas.

3704
01:19:39,674 --> 01:19:40,809
It feels like it's gotten here

3705
01:19:40,809 --> 01:19:41,409
so quickly.

3706
01:19:41,409 --> 01:19:42,244
We've been counting.

3707
01:19:42,244 --> 01:19:44,546
I know where it is. Beautiful.

3708
01:19:44,546 --> 01:19:45,781
And so,

3709
01:19:45,781 --> 01:19:46,748
again, you're witnessing

3710
01:19:46,748 --> 01:19:48,183
first hand the moon

3711
01:19:48,183 --> 01:19:50,152
passing between our star

3712
01:19:50,152 --> 01:19:51,253
and the earth.

3713
01:19:51,253 --> 01:19:52,954
And we're taking this

3714
01:19:52,954 --> 01:19:54,422
full screen right now.

3715
01:19:54,422 --> 01:19:55,390
Gina,

3716
01:19:55,390 --> 01:19:56,691
let's take this opportunity

3717
01:19:56,691 --> 01:19:57,726
and get a closer look.

3718
01:19:57,726 --> 01:19:59,728
All right?

3719
01:19:59,795 --> 01:20:00,796
and looking around,

3720
01:20:00,796 --> 01:20:02,097
I mean, everything.

3721
01:20:02,097 --> 01:20:08,670
damn.

3722
01:20:08,770 --> 01:20:10,272
wow.

3723
01:20:10,272 --> 01:20:11,273
Wow.

3724
01:20:11,273 --> 01:20:12,274
You know, like,

3725
01:20:12,274 --> 01:20:13,842
why am I emotional right now?

3726
01:20:13,842 --> 01:20:27,322
there we go.

3727
01:20:27,422 --> 01:20:29,424
I just.

3728
01:20:29,424 --> 01:20:31,693
I mean, it doesn't look real.

3729
01:20:31,693 --> 01:20:35,730
You didn't think I would cry?

3730
01:20:35,797 --> 01:20:38,099
Wow,

3731
01:20:38,099 --> 01:20:38,934
This is.

3732
01:20:38,934 --> 01:20:39,901
Wow, wow.

3733
01:20:39,901 --> 01:20:42,537
It looks great.

3734
01:20:42,537 --> 01:20:43,638
You can just see

3735
01:20:43,638 --> 01:20:44,272
it looks like

3736
01:20:44,272 --> 01:20:45,841
a perfect circle of the sun

3737
01:20:45,841 --> 01:20:47,175
peeking out.

3738
01:20:47,175 --> 01:20:47,676
It really

3739
01:20:47,676 --> 01:20:48,743
is that ring of fire

3740
01:20:48,743 --> 01:20:51,179
that we have here.

3741
01:20:51,179 --> 01:20:52,147
Wow.

3742
01:20:52,147 --> 01:20:52,681
You know,

3743
01:20:52,681 --> 01:20:53,949
I thought I'd have goosebumps,

3744
01:20:53,949 --> 01:20:55,884
but I'm literally shaking.

3745
01:20:55,884 --> 01:20:56,518
This is crazy.

3746
01:20:56,518 --> 01:20:58,286
I know, I know.

3747
01:20:58,286 --> 01:21:00,255
I agree. Yeah.

3748
01:21:00,255 --> 01:21:00,755
So, I mean,

3749
01:21:00,755 --> 01:21:01,790
and I'm your first

3750
01:21:01,790 --> 01:21:02,891
annular eclipse.

3751
01:21:02,891 --> 01:21:03,592
I mean, was it

3752
01:21:03,592 --> 01:21:05,727
what you expected?

3753
01:21:05,727 --> 01:21:06,561
It is to hear.

3754
01:21:06,561 --> 01:21:06,962
I mean, we'd

3755
01:21:06,962 --> 01:21:08,630
seen all of the photos

3756
01:21:08,630 --> 01:21:10,532
from previous annular eclipse.

3757
01:21:10,532 --> 01:21:11,333
But just as I look

3758
01:21:11,333 --> 01:21:13,335
again, I mean,

3759
01:21:13,435 --> 01:21:14,703
it's it's incredible

3760
01:21:14,703 --> 01:21:15,370
how the

3761
01:21:15,370 --> 01:21:16,071
moon and the sun

3762
01:21:16,071 --> 01:21:18,874
are able to line up like this.

3763
01:21:18,874 --> 01:21:21,042
And again, I mean,

3764
01:21:21,042 --> 01:21:22,344
the moon is way

3765
01:21:22,344 --> 01:21:23,578
smaller than the sun,

3766
01:21:23,578 --> 01:21:25,113
but right now it's

3767
01:21:25,113 --> 01:21:26,281
really giving it's

3768
01:21:26,281 --> 01:21:27,782
giving it a run for its money.

3769
01:21:27,782 --> 01:21:28,283
It is.

3770
01:21:28,283 --> 01:21:29,384
Why is that?

3771
01:21:29,384 --> 01:21:30,018
Well,

3772
01:21:30,018 --> 01:21:31,119
so a little fun fact

3773
01:21:31,119 --> 01:21:31,887
about our moon.

3774
01:21:31,887 --> 01:21:33,288
It's pretty incredible

3775
01:21:33,288 --> 01:21:34,623
it's 400 times

3776
01:21:34,623 --> 01:21:36,024
smaller than the sun,

3777
01:21:36,024 --> 01:21:37,759
but it's also 400 times

3778
01:21:37,759 --> 01:21:39,394
closer to the earth.

3779
01:21:39,394 --> 01:21:41,963
No magic number here.

3780
01:21:41,963 --> 01:21:42,197
Yeah.

3781
01:21:42,197 --> 01:21:44,266
The fact that that 404 hundred,

3782
01:21:44,266 --> 01:21:45,934
that means in the sky,

3783
01:21:45,934 --> 01:21:47,035
the moon and the sun

3784
01:21:47,035 --> 01:21:49,104
appear to be the same size.

3785
01:21:49,104 --> 01:21:50,038
And that is unique

3786
01:21:50,038 --> 01:21:50,939
to us on Earth.

3787
01:21:50,939 --> 01:21:52,073
No other

3788
01:21:52,073 --> 01:21:53,942
planet in our solar system

3789
01:21:53,942 --> 01:21:54,976
has that ratio

3790
01:21:54,976 --> 01:21:56,544
that makes it so special.

3791
01:21:56,544 --> 01:21:58,179
So you're saying that

3792
01:21:58,179 --> 01:21:59,080
if we

3793
01:21:59,080 --> 01:21:59,981
viewed an eclipse

3794
01:21:59,981 --> 01:22:00,815
on another planet,

3795
01:22:00,815 --> 01:22:01,516
it would have.

3796
01:22:01,516 --> 01:22:02,584
It wouldn't look like this.

3797
01:22:02,584 --> 01:22:03,318
It wouldn't.

3798
01:22:03,318 --> 01:22:04,019
I mean, I'm

3799
01:22:04,019 --> 01:22:05,654
sure it would be great to see,

3800
01:22:05,654 --> 01:22:06,521
but it would not

3801
01:22:06,521 --> 01:22:08,523
look a spectacular says now.

3802
01:22:08,523 --> 01:22:09,024
Okay, I'm

3803
01:22:09,024 --> 01:22:10,492
going to you behind me.

3804
01:22:10,492 --> 01:22:11,693
Really? Yeah.

3805
01:22:11,693 --> 01:22:12,427
Looking around

3806
01:22:12,427 --> 01:22:13,028
and you can just

3807
01:22:13,028 --> 01:22:14,229
see everything.

3808
01:22:14,229 --> 01:22:14,863
The shadows

3809
01:22:14,863 --> 01:22:16,231
are a little bit different.

3810
01:22:16,231 --> 01:22:16,932
It's dim.

3811
01:22:16,932 --> 01:22:18,934
You get this hazy feeling,

3812
01:22:18,934 --> 01:22:20,535
but the sky is so blue.

3813
01:22:20,535 --> 01:22:22,070
That's what's strange about it.

3814
01:22:22,070 --> 01:22:23,071
it's so sweet.

3815
01:22:23,071 --> 01:22:24,372
We've got parents

3816
01:22:24,372 --> 01:22:25,240
holding

3817
01:22:25,240 --> 01:22:25,974
little eclipse

3818
01:22:25,974 --> 01:22:27,275
glasses on their kids

3819
01:22:27,275 --> 01:22:29,878
to look up. This is just.

3820
01:22:29,878 --> 01:22:31,246
It's really amazing.

3821
01:22:31,246 --> 01:22:31,980
I just like,

3822
01:22:31,980 --> 01:22:32,747
I don't know, a natural

3823
01:22:32,747 --> 01:22:34,382
phenomenon can

3824
01:22:34,382 --> 01:22:35,684
make the world pause for

3825
01:22:35,684 --> 01:22:37,285
a second

3826
01:22:37,352 --> 01:22:39,154
while

3827
01:22:39,154 --> 01:22:40,355
you heard the cheering. And.

3828
01:22:40,355 --> 01:22:40,755
And now

3829
01:22:40,755 --> 01:22:41,823
and again

3830
01:22:41,823 --> 01:22:45,293
it's people are just looking.

3831
01:22:45,393 --> 01:22:47,595
And so for us

3832
01:22:47,595 --> 01:22:48,196
this is going to

3833
01:22:48,196 --> 01:22:49,764
last about 4 minutes

3834
01:22:49,764 --> 01:22:51,666
until it crosses, right?

3835
01:22:51,666 --> 01:22:52,334
That's right.

3836
01:22:52,334 --> 01:22:53,702
And why why is that?

3837
01:22:53,702 --> 01:22:54,336
Is that the same

3838
01:22:54,336 --> 01:22:56,338
in every city or.

3839
01:22:56,338 --> 01:22:56,671
Yeah.

3840
01:22:56,671 --> 01:22:58,373
So there's actually the

3841
01:22:58,373 --> 01:22:59,774
the length of the maximum

3842
01:22:59,774 --> 01:23:01,242
eclipse can change

3843
01:23:01,242 --> 01:23:02,477
based on several factors.

3844
01:23:02,477 --> 01:23:04,379
I mean, each eclipse is unique.

3845
01:23:04,379 --> 01:23:06,214
So one thing has to do

3846
01:23:06,214 --> 01:23:07,082
with where

3847
01:23:07,082 --> 01:23:08,016
in the moon's orbit

3848
01:23:08,016 --> 01:23:08,883
the moon is

3849
01:23:08,883 --> 01:23:09,617
because the moon's

3850
01:23:09,617 --> 01:23:10,919
orbit isn't circular,

3851
01:23:10,919 --> 01:23:12,020
so it will go faster

3852
01:23:12,020 --> 01:23:13,321
and slower in different parts

3853
01:23:13,321 --> 01:23:13,888
and that will make

3854
01:23:13,888 --> 01:23:15,156
the shadow travel

3855
01:23:15,156 --> 01:23:16,324
at different speeds.

3856
01:23:16,324 --> 01:23:17,192
Also,

3857
01:23:17,192 --> 01:23:18,994
where the shadow is landing on

3858
01:23:18,994 --> 01:23:20,195
earth will have an impact

3859
01:23:20,195 --> 01:23:21,129
because if

3860
01:23:21,129 --> 01:23:22,130
you're at the equator,

3861
01:23:22,130 --> 01:23:22,731
you're going to

3862
01:23:22,731 --> 01:23:24,199
be rotating much

3863
01:23:24,199 --> 01:23:25,433
than if you were at the poles.

3864
01:23:25,433 --> 01:23:26,968
And so for that fact,

3865
01:23:26,968 --> 01:23:28,269
it changes the length

3866
01:23:28,269 --> 01:23:29,804
of that maximum, that close to.

3867
01:23:29,804 --> 01:23:30,438
And that's true

3868
01:23:30,438 --> 01:23:31,906
not just for annular eclipse,

3869
01:23:31,906 --> 01:23:33,141
but for the partial

3870
01:23:33,141 --> 01:23:34,409
eclipses for

3871
01:23:34,409 --> 01:23:36,111
for the totality

3872
01:23:36,111 --> 01:23:36,544
for total

3873
01:23:36,544 --> 01:23:38,747
solar eclipses as well.

3874
01:23:38,747 --> 01:23:39,647
And I imagine,

3875
01:23:39,647 --> 01:23:41,216
you know, our folks at home

3876
01:23:41,216 --> 01:23:41,750
getting some of

3877
01:23:41,750 --> 01:23:42,784
those partial eclipses

3878
01:23:42,784 --> 01:23:43,752
are also having

3879
01:23:43,752 --> 01:23:46,654
great experience to

3880
01:23:46,721 --> 01:23:48,456
me.

3881
01:23:48,456 --> 01:23:49,624
I don't know what I expected,

3882
01:23:49,624 --> 01:23:51,192
but it wasn't this

3883
01:23:51,192 --> 01:23:58,800
like this is incredible.

3884
01:23:58,867 --> 01:23:59,501
And so, Gina,

3885
01:23:59,501 --> 01:24:01,302
I'm sure I mean,

3886
01:24:01,302 --> 01:24:02,604
you're in Heliophysics

3887
01:24:02,604 --> 01:24:03,338
sun science.

3888
01:24:03,338 --> 01:24:04,806
I'm sure some of your teams are

3889
01:24:04,806 --> 01:24:06,841
today's eclipse. Like, yeah.

3890
01:24:06,841 --> 01:24:08,343
What? Absolutely.

3891
01:24:08,343 --> 01:24:08,810
I mean, we

3892
01:24:08,810 --> 01:24:10,612
a science can only happen right

3893
01:24:10,612 --> 01:24:11,413
now, you know?

3894
01:24:11,413 --> 01:24:11,813
Right.

3895
01:24:11,813 --> 01:24:13,681
We've heard about the sounding

3896
01:24:13,681 --> 01:24:15,517
rockets are experimenting.

3897
01:24:15,517 --> 01:24:16,017
You know it's right

3898
01:24:16,017 --> 01:24:17,385
where someone is studying

3899
01:24:17,385 --> 01:24:18,253
the upper atmosphere.

3900
01:24:18,253 --> 01:24:19,587
And so we're really interested

3901
01:24:19,587 --> 01:24:21,122
in knowing right now

3902
01:24:21,122 --> 01:24:22,223
in our location

3903
01:24:22,223 --> 01:24:23,391
as that radiation from

3904
01:24:23,391 --> 01:24:24,692
the sun is being blocked,

3905
01:24:24,692 --> 01:24:25,527
how does the upper

3906
01:24:25,527 --> 01:24:27,062
atmosphere change?

3907
01:24:27,062 --> 01:24:29,330
And so in addition to that,

3908
01:24:29,330 --> 01:24:30,465
I mean, we really want

3909
01:24:30,465 --> 01:24:32,133
to understand

3910
01:24:32,133 --> 01:24:33,568
how those sunspots,

3911
01:24:33,568 --> 01:24:34,702
which going on

3912
01:24:34,702 --> 01:24:36,137
when they're covered versus

3913
01:24:36,137 --> 01:24:37,772
when they are not covered,

3914
01:24:37,772 --> 01:24:39,541
we can tell the difference

3915
01:24:39,541 --> 01:24:40,675
in that radiation

3916
01:24:40,675 --> 01:24:41,543
that's coming from the sun.

3917
01:24:41,543 --> 01:24:42,710
And so there's so much science

3918
01:24:42,710 --> 01:24:44,045
that we can do.

3919
01:24:44,045 --> 01:24:45,513
And this is just folks,

3920
01:24:45,513 --> 01:24:46,414
this is view

3921
01:24:46,414 --> 01:24:48,450
is just so incredible.

3922
01:24:48,450 --> 01:24:50,085
Before we fully passed

3923
01:24:50,085 --> 01:24:51,619
through this transit,

3924
01:24:51,619 --> 01:24:53,088
let's check in with James

3925
01:24:53,088 --> 01:24:54,022
at our eclipse desk.

3926
01:24:54,022 --> 01:24:54,422
James,

3927
01:24:54,422 --> 01:24:56,624
I know you are seeing this.

3928
01:24:56,624 --> 01:25:00,662
What do you think?

3929
01:25:00,728 --> 01:25:02,363
Yes, it's

3930
01:25:02,363 --> 01:25:03,932
truly a surreal moment.

3931
01:25:03,932 --> 01:25:06,101
It feels like almost no time.

3932
01:25:06,101 --> 01:25:06,901
It's been really

3933
01:25:06,901 --> 01:25:08,203
breezy, chilly.

3934
01:25:08,203 --> 01:25:09,604
So the shadows are all

3935
01:25:09,604 --> 01:25:10,839
like little rings as well.

3936
01:25:10,839 --> 01:25:12,507
It's just a beautiful sight.

3937
01:25:12,507 --> 01:25:13,775
Kind of hard to put into words

3938
01:25:13,775 --> 01:25:14,642
the exact feeling.

3939
01:25:14,642 --> 01:25:15,110
I mean,

3940
01:25:15,110 --> 01:25:16,277
we've been preparing for this

3941
01:25:16,277 --> 01:25:17,011
for a while.

3942
01:25:17,011 --> 01:25:18,480
We've been tracking this

3943
01:25:18,480 --> 01:25:18,880
all morning

3944
01:25:18,880 --> 01:25:19,914
with our Eclipse Explorer.

3945
01:25:19,914 --> 01:25:20,882
But actually

3946
01:25:20,882 --> 01:25:22,050
to see it in person

3947
01:25:22,050 --> 01:25:23,952
and to take it in its

3948
01:25:23,952 --> 01:25:25,253
it's a really incredible moment

3949
01:25:25,253 --> 01:25:26,221
and this only lasts

3950
01:25:26,221 --> 01:25:26,888
about 4 minutes.

3951
01:25:26,888 --> 01:25:27,489
You can see on our

3952
01:25:27,489 --> 01:25:28,256
Eclipse Explorer

3953
01:25:28,256 --> 01:25:28,690
this is already

3954
01:25:28,690 --> 01:25:30,492
passing off of Kerrville,

3955
01:25:30,492 --> 01:25:31,126
heading further

3956
01:25:31,126 --> 01:25:33,228
southeast to parts of the Texas

3957
01:25:33,228 --> 01:25:34,596
coast on the Gulf.

3958
01:25:34,596 --> 01:25:35,730
And the morning is

3959
01:25:35,730 --> 01:25:36,731
far from over here

3960
01:25:36,731 --> 01:25:38,066
for a lot of folks in Central

3961
01:25:38,066 --> 01:25:39,534
America and South America.

3962
01:25:39,534 --> 01:25:40,502
Their morning is

3963
01:25:40,502 --> 01:25:41,369
just starting off here.

3964
01:25:41,369 --> 01:25:42,237
The partial

3965
01:25:42,237 --> 01:25:43,304
eclipse is affecting

3966
01:25:43,304 --> 01:25:44,372
still a large

3967
01:25:44,372 --> 01:25:44,973
part of the region.

3968
01:25:44,973 --> 01:25:46,474
You can see this whole area

3969
01:25:46,474 --> 01:25:47,108
that's highlighted

3970
01:25:47,108 --> 01:25:48,476
here in the larger

3971
01:25:48,476 --> 01:25:49,110
Ellipse here.

3972
01:25:49,110 --> 01:25:51,079
That's all being affected

3973
01:25:51,079 --> 01:25:52,614
still by the partial eclipse.

3974
01:25:52,614 --> 01:25:53,748
And you can see on our track

3975
01:25:53,748 --> 01:25:54,782
that this is going to continue

3976
01:25:54,782 --> 01:25:55,617
moving, moving

3977
01:25:55,617 --> 01:25:56,551
further southeast

3978
01:25:56,551 --> 01:25:57,752
all the way into parts

3979
01:25:57,752 --> 01:25:58,853
of South America

3980
01:25:58,853 --> 01:26:00,522
before the morning is over.

3981
01:26:00,522 --> 01:26:01,623
It's been just incredible

3982
01:26:01,623 --> 01:26:02,257
tracking this.

3983
01:26:02,257 --> 01:26:02,790
And actually,

3984
01:26:02,790 --> 01:26:03,691
Kerrville,

3985
01:26:03,691 --> 01:26:05,660
we're in the path of the total

3986
01:26:05,660 --> 01:26:06,761
solar eclipse for next year.

3987
01:26:06,761 --> 01:26:08,029
So if I turn on the path

3988
01:26:08,029 --> 01:26:08,530
for next year,

3989
01:26:08,530 --> 01:26:09,898
you can see X marks

3990
01:26:09,898 --> 01:26:11,466
the spot here in Kerrville.

3991
01:26:11,466 --> 01:26:12,100
We're going to be coming

3992
01:26:12,100 --> 01:26:12,967
right back here

3993
01:26:12,967 --> 01:26:14,202
to witness this

3994
01:26:14,202 --> 01:26:15,670
incredible cosmic event

3995
01:26:15,670 --> 01:26:16,571
once again,

3996
01:26:16,571 --> 01:26:18,273
getting that incredible

3997
01:26:18,273 --> 01:26:19,440
just really, again,

3998
01:26:19,440 --> 01:26:20,675
very hard to put into words

3999
01:26:20,675 --> 01:26:23,144
just how amazing this is.

4000
01:26:23,144 --> 01:26:24,012
Just just

4001
01:26:24,012 --> 01:26:25,246
a stunning experience.

4002
01:26:25,246 --> 01:26:26,581
And it's been an honor

4003
01:26:26,581 --> 01:26:27,448
to be here with you

4004
01:26:27,448 --> 01:26:28,149
this morning,

4005
01:26:28,149 --> 01:26:29,050
tracking this event

4006
01:26:29,050 --> 01:26:30,018
as it's moved across.

4007
01:26:30,018 --> 01:26:30,752
We started the morning

4008
01:26:30,752 --> 01:26:31,953
in Eugene, Oregon.

4009
01:26:31,953 --> 01:26:32,954
Now it has arrived

4010
01:26:32,954 --> 01:26:33,888
and already past us

4011
01:26:33,888 --> 01:26:34,689
in Kerrville.

4012
01:26:34,689 --> 01:26:35,590
I'll continue to track it

4013
01:26:35,590 --> 01:26:36,491
for a little bit longer here.

4014
01:26:36,491 --> 01:26:37,292
But for now,

4015
01:26:37,292 --> 01:26:38,960
back to you to hear a

4016
01:26:38,960 --> 01:26:39,727
thank you, James.

4017
01:26:39,727 --> 01:26:40,228
And folks,

4018
01:26:40,228 --> 01:26:41,796
this is just the beginning.

4019
01:26:41,796 --> 01:26:43,231
Today's event kickstarts

4020
01:26:43,231 --> 01:26:45,934
NASA's heliophysics big year,

4021
01:26:45,934 --> 01:26:46,534
which is the year

4022
01:26:46,534 --> 01:26:47,802
where we're encouraging people

4023
01:26:47,802 --> 01:26:48,136
to do

4024
01:26:48,136 --> 01:26:49,571
as many sun related

4025
01:26:49,571 --> 01:26:51,306
activities as possible

4026
01:26:51,306 --> 01:26:52,807
in the lead up to next year's

4027
01:26:52,807 --> 01:26:54,275
total solar eclipse.

4028
01:26:54,275 --> 01:26:54,842
Now, Joy

4029
01:26:54,842 --> 01:26:56,144
and Michael in Albuquerque

4030
01:26:56,144 --> 01:26:56,678
are going to share

4031
01:26:56,678 --> 01:26:57,512
some of the ways

4032
01:26:57,512 --> 01:26:59,013
you can play a part.

4033
01:26:59,013 --> 01:26:59,714
Joy, what can we

4034
01:26:59,714 --> 01:27:01,583
look forward to

4035
01:27:01,683 --> 01:27:03,284
and why

4036
01:27:03,284 --> 01:27:04,252
now that the annual

4037
01:27:04,252 --> 01:27:05,253
eclipse is here?

4038
01:27:05,253 --> 01:27:06,888
The fun has just begun.

4039
01:27:06,888 --> 01:27:08,356
So today is the official

4040
01:27:08,356 --> 01:27:09,157
launch of NASA's

4041
01:27:09,157 --> 01:27:10,692
heliophysics year.

4042
01:27:10,692 --> 01:27:11,593
This is a yearlong

4043
01:27:11,593 --> 01:27:13,161
celebration of solar science

4044
01:27:13,161 --> 01:27:13,861
and it's modeled

4045
01:27:13,861 --> 01:27:15,330
after the big year concept

4046
01:27:15,330 --> 01:27:16,264
from citizen scientists

4047
01:27:16,264 --> 01:27:18,132
in the birdwatching community.

4048
01:27:18,132 --> 01:27:18,967
So that challenge

4049
01:27:18,967 --> 01:27:20,001
to see as many birds

4050
01:27:20,001 --> 01:27:21,035
as they can.

4051
01:27:21,035 --> 01:27:21,970
But in the heat of physics

4052
01:27:21,970 --> 01:27:22,503
big year,

4053
01:27:22,503 --> 01:27:23,905
we're challenging you to do

4054
01:27:23,905 --> 01:27:24,973
as many sun science

4055
01:27:24,973 --> 01:27:27,242
related activities as possible.

4056
01:27:27,242 --> 01:27:28,810
And so one way to participate

4057
01:27:28,810 --> 01:27:29,844
is through NASA's

4058
01:27:29,844 --> 01:27:31,379
Citizen Science Project.

4059
01:27:31,379 --> 01:27:32,547
Here Are a few sun

4060
01:27:32,547 --> 01:27:35,717
related ones you could join?

4061
01:27:35,817 --> 01:27:37,118
Did you know that you can

4062
01:27:37,118 --> 01:27:38,286
participate in solar

4063
01:27:38,286 --> 01:27:40,555
eclipse science with NASA?

4064
01:27:40,555 --> 01:27:41,856
NASA's citizen science

4065
01:27:41,856 --> 01:27:43,391
projects are collaborations

4066
01:27:43,391 --> 01:27:44,325
between scientists

4067
01:27:44,325 --> 01:27:45,660
and members of the public

4068
01:27:45,660 --> 01:27:47,595
no matter your citizenship.

4069
01:27:47,595 --> 01:27:48,963
Several volunteer science

4070
01:27:48,963 --> 01:27:50,098
projects are gearing up

4071
01:27:50,098 --> 01:27:51,199
for the 2024

4072
01:27:51,199 --> 01:27:52,367
total solar eclipse

4073
01:27:52,367 --> 01:27:55,536
that you can join.

4074
01:27:55,603 --> 01:27:56,771
Total solar eclipses

4075
01:27:56,771 --> 01:27:58,039
don't just look cool.

4076
01:27:58,039 --> 01:27:59,307
They provide a rare chance

4077
01:27:59,307 --> 01:28:00,141
to see the sun's

4078
01:28:00,141 --> 01:28:02,977
faint outer atmosphere

4079
01:28:02,977 --> 01:28:04,445
using telescopes and cameras

4080
01:28:04,445 --> 01:28:05,013
that are safe

4081
01:28:05,013 --> 01:28:06,247
for viewing the sun.

4082
01:28:06,247 --> 01:28:07,382
Volunteer scientists

4083
01:28:07,382 --> 01:28:07,982
across North

4084
01:28:07,982 --> 01:28:09,083
America will capture

4085
01:28:09,083 --> 01:28:10,084
images of the total

4086
01:28:10,084 --> 01:28:11,386
solar eclipse.

4087
01:28:11,386 --> 01:28:12,453
Scientists will study

4088
01:28:12,453 --> 01:28:13,888
these images in detail,

4089
01:28:13,888 --> 01:28:14,822
tracking how plumes

4090
01:28:14,822 --> 01:28:16,057
of solar material move

4091
01:28:16,057 --> 01:28:17,692
through the sun's atmosphere.

4092
01:28:17,692 --> 01:28:18,693
But be careful.

4093
01:28:18,693 --> 01:28:19,727
Without proper tools

4094
01:28:19,727 --> 01:28:20,595
and techniques,

4095
01:28:20,595 --> 01:28:21,729
you can damage your eyes

4096
01:28:21,729 --> 01:28:23,131
and your camera.

4097
01:28:23,131 --> 01:28:23,898
Did you know you?

4098
01:28:23,898 --> 01:28:25,967
Can listen to an eclipse?

4099
01:28:25,967 --> 01:28:28,469
Amateur or ham radio operators

4100
01:28:28,469 --> 01:28:29,671
will send radio messages

4101
01:28:29,671 --> 01:28:30,271
to one another

4102
01:28:30,271 --> 01:28:31,239
during the eclipse

4103
01:28:31,239 --> 01:28:32,206
to see how changes

4104
01:28:32,206 --> 01:28:32,740
in the upper

4105
01:28:32,740 --> 01:28:36,210
atmosphere distort signals

4106
01:28:36,277 --> 01:28:37,211
as the moon blocks

4107
01:28:37,211 --> 01:28:38,613
one portion of the sun.

4108
01:28:38,613 --> 01:28:39,347
It can make other

4109
01:28:39,347 --> 01:28:41,349
portions easier to see.

4110
01:28:41,349 --> 01:28:42,917
Working with local scientists

4111
01:28:42,917 --> 01:28:43,985
at an observatory,

4112
01:28:43,985 --> 01:28:45,219
Southern California,

4113
01:28:45,219 --> 01:28:45,887
participants

4114
01:28:45,887 --> 01:28:46,988
will observe magnetic

4115
01:28:46,988 --> 01:28:48,256
hotspots on the sun

4116
01:28:48,256 --> 01:28:48,756
as the moon

4117
01:28:48,756 --> 01:28:50,158
passes over them,

4118
01:28:50,158 --> 01:28:51,092
revealing details

4119
01:28:51,092 --> 01:28:53,061
they normally can't detect.

4120
01:28:53,061 --> 01:28:54,529
Want to learn?

4121
01:28:54,529 --> 01:28:54,962
Follow.

4122
01:28:54,962 --> 01:28:56,731
Do NASA's Science on X

4123
01:28:56,731 --> 01:28:57,565
and Facebook

4124
01:28:57,565 --> 01:28:59,167
to see how you can get involved

4125
01:28:59,167 --> 01:29:05,273
in NASA's citizen science.

4126
01:29:05,373 --> 01:29:06,574
So as you can see in

4127
01:29:06,574 --> 01:29:07,909
the telescope view.

4128
01:29:07,909 --> 01:29:09,610
Thus the moon is now

4129
01:29:09,610 --> 01:29:11,212
moving away from the sun,

4130
01:29:11,212 --> 01:29:13,147
which is really, really amazing

4131
01:29:13,147 --> 01:29:13,981
that we're still seeing this

4132
01:29:13,981 --> 01:29:14,782
partial eclipse.

4133
01:29:14,782 --> 01:29:15,350
Absolutely.

4134
01:29:15,350 --> 01:29:16,884
And I think I can see a sunspot

4135
01:29:16,884 --> 01:29:17,952
in there, too.

4136
01:29:17,952 --> 01:29:18,553
And I think on

4137
01:29:18,553 --> 01:29:19,921
one of the earlier shots,

4138
01:29:19,921 --> 01:29:20,955
I could see a prominence.

4139
01:29:20,955 --> 01:29:22,557
So we're seeing NASA's

4140
01:29:22,557 --> 01:29:23,224
Sun science

4141
01:29:23,224 --> 01:29:24,692
happening in real time.

4142
01:29:24,692 --> 01:29:25,893
So we're getting some amazing

4143
01:29:25,893 --> 01:29:26,794
questions online.

4144
01:29:26,794 --> 01:29:27,929
So we ask more.

4145
01:29:27,929 --> 01:29:30,164
Yeah, let's get into some more.

4146
01:29:30,164 --> 01:29:30,798
Okay.

4147
01:29:30,798 --> 01:29:32,133
So we have a question

4148
01:29:32,133 --> 01:29:33,835
from Peter Chiang on X

4149
01:29:33,835 --> 01:29:34,469
and they all

4150
01:29:34,469 --> 01:29:35,870
kind of filtered telescope

4151
01:29:35,870 --> 01:29:37,138
see flares on the sun

4152
01:29:37,138 --> 01:29:38,439
during totality.

4153
01:29:38,439 --> 01:29:40,007
that's a really good question.

4154
01:29:40,007 --> 01:29:41,542
The answer is yes.

4155
01:29:41,542 --> 01:29:42,210
It depends on what

4156
01:29:42,210 --> 01:29:42,810
filter, though.

4157
01:29:42,810 --> 01:29:43,511
So if you use

4158
01:29:43,511 --> 01:29:45,179
just a white light filter,

4159
01:29:45,179 --> 01:29:46,447
then you're have to have

4160
01:29:46,447 --> 01:29:48,383
an exceptionally large flare

4161
01:29:48,383 --> 01:29:49,917
in order to be able to see it.

4162
01:29:49,917 --> 01:29:51,452
If you use a filter

4163
01:29:51,452 --> 01:29:52,787
like an alpha filter

4164
01:29:52,787 --> 01:29:54,389
that specifically selects

4165
01:29:54,389 --> 01:29:56,791
one color of red light,

4166
01:29:56,791 --> 01:29:57,692
then you're going to be able

4167
01:29:57,692 --> 01:29:59,894
to see flares a little bit more

4168
01:29:59,894 --> 01:30:02,997
frequently, even

4169
01:30:03,064 --> 01:30:05,900
even during totality as the

4170
01:30:05,900 --> 01:30:07,368
as the corona

4171
01:30:07,368 --> 01:30:08,603
adjusts to that flare

4172
01:30:08,603 --> 01:30:09,804
as it erupts.

4173
01:30:09,804 --> 01:30:10,104
Okay.

4174
01:30:10,104 --> 01:30:10,671
So we have time for

4175
01:30:10,671 --> 01:30:13,107
one more question.

4176
01:30:13,107 --> 01:30:14,375
Your next ask.

4177
01:30:14,375 --> 01:30:15,576
If a solar system

4178
01:30:15,576 --> 01:30:17,545
had more than one star,

4179
01:30:17,545 --> 01:30:18,212
would they have

4180
01:30:18,212 --> 01:30:20,148
more solar eclipses?

4181
01:30:20,148 --> 01:30:21,048
Would they all look like

4182
01:30:21,048 --> 01:30:22,216
the same eclipses

4183
01:30:22,216 --> 01:30:23,851
that we have here on Earth?

4184
01:30:23,851 --> 01:30:24,552
that is

4185
01:30:24,552 --> 01:30:25,953
getting a little sci fi,

4186
01:30:25,953 --> 01:30:27,221
but that's okay.

4187
01:30:27,221 --> 01:30:28,756
So if we had more than one sun,

4188
01:30:28,756 --> 01:30:29,857
you'd have to have a moon

4189
01:30:29,857 --> 01:30:31,259
to block both suns.

4190
01:30:31,259 --> 01:30:32,527
Maybe two moons to block

4191
01:30:32,527 --> 01:30:33,094
both suns.

4192
01:30:33,094 --> 01:30:34,262
So you'd have to have

4193
01:30:34,262 --> 01:30:35,763
a very complex geometry

4194
01:30:35,763 --> 01:30:36,631
to get everything

4195
01:30:36,631 --> 01:30:37,965
lined up perfectly

4196
01:30:37,965 --> 01:30:39,300
so you could get solar eclipses

4197
01:30:39,300 --> 01:30:40,501
with two sons

4198
01:30:40,501 --> 01:30:41,402
and two moons

4199
01:30:41,402 --> 01:30:42,270
and it would get

4200
01:30:42,270 --> 01:30:44,172
very complicated.

4201
01:30:44,172 --> 01:30:45,306
Thank you so much, Michael.

4202
01:30:45,306 --> 01:30:46,040
You're welcome.

4203
01:30:46,040 --> 01:30:46,441
Okay.

4204
01:30:46,441 --> 01:30:49,210
So now we're joined with NASA's

4205
01:30:49,210 --> 01:30:51,345
Heliophysics lead, Denise

4206
01:30:51,345 --> 01:30:51,746
Hill, who's

4207
01:30:51,746 --> 01:30:52,547
going to tell us more

4208
01:30:52,547 --> 01:30:53,614
about how you can participate

4209
01:30:53,614 --> 01:30:55,583
in the heliophysics big year.

4210
01:30:55,583 --> 01:30:57,752
Hi, Denise. How are you today?

4211
01:30:57,752 --> 01:30:58,820
great.

4212
01:30:58,820 --> 01:31:00,721
Did you see that?

4213
01:31:00,721 --> 01:31:01,956
That was my first

4214
01:31:01,956 --> 01:31:02,857
annular eclipse

4215
01:31:02,857 --> 01:31:04,258
and we got to prominence.

4216
01:31:04,258 --> 01:31:05,726
I am so stoked

4217
01:31:05,726 --> 01:31:06,694
that was the dope is

4218
01:31:06,694 --> 01:31:08,963
being ever. Okay.

4219
01:31:09,063 --> 01:31:10,998
Heliophysics big year.

4220
01:31:10,998 --> 01:31:12,934
So as you've heard before,

4221
01:31:12,934 --> 01:31:14,569
the sun touches everything.

4222
01:31:14,569 --> 01:31:15,770
And the heliophysics

4223
01:31:15,770 --> 01:31:17,271
big year is a celebration,

4224
01:31:17,271 --> 01:31:18,272
a global celebration

4225
01:31:18,272 --> 01:31:19,941
of shine and sun, science

4226
01:31:19,941 --> 01:31:20,875
and what we have going on.

4227
01:31:20,875 --> 01:31:21,909
But it's also I think

4228
01:31:21,909 --> 01:31:23,344
I heard you say it, Michael.

4229
01:31:23,344 --> 01:31:24,912
It's about the community

4230
01:31:24,912 --> 01:31:26,013
and being communal

4231
01:31:26,013 --> 01:31:27,849
and just the unity of hearing

4232
01:31:27,849 --> 01:31:29,217
everybody cheer

4233
01:31:29,217 --> 01:31:30,551
the sun touches us all

4234
01:31:30,551 --> 01:31:32,086
in so many different ways.

4235
01:31:32,086 --> 01:31:33,421
And so the heliophysics

4236
01:31:33,421 --> 01:31:34,121
big year

4237
01:31:34,121 --> 01:31:34,856
is going to help

4238
01:31:34,856 --> 01:31:36,090
us kind of discover

4239
01:31:36,090 --> 01:31:36,724
all the ways

4240
01:31:36,724 --> 01:31:37,592
the sun touches us

4241
01:31:37,592 --> 01:31:38,793
scientifically,

4242
01:31:38,793 --> 01:31:41,062
but in other ways as well.

4243
01:31:41,062 --> 01:31:42,864
And why is it a big year

4244
01:31:42,864 --> 01:31:43,965
for the sun?

4245
01:31:43,965 --> 01:31:46,334
So you saw which is happening

4246
01:31:46,334 --> 01:31:48,002
right?

4247
01:31:48,002 --> 01:31:50,471
well, that's nothing.

4248
01:31:50,471 --> 01:31:51,372
Coming up in April,

4249
01:31:51,372 --> 01:31:52,206
as we have the

4250
01:31:52,206 --> 01:31:55,843
total solar eclipse and then

4251
01:31:55,910 --> 01:31:56,511
Parker Solar

4252
01:31:56,511 --> 01:31:57,678
probes closest approach

4253
01:31:57,678 --> 01:31:58,346
which will end out

4254
01:31:58,346 --> 01:31:59,614
the heliophysics big year.

4255
01:31:59,614 --> 01:32:00,481
But it's the mission

4256
01:32:00,481 --> 01:32:01,682
that has literally touched

4257
01:32:01,682 --> 01:32:02,283
the sun

4258
01:32:02,283 --> 01:32:02,583
and it's

4259
01:32:02,583 --> 01:32:03,184
going to be making

4260
01:32:03,184 --> 01:32:04,785
its closest approach.

4261
01:32:04,785 --> 01:32:06,153
And then from there,

4262
01:32:06,153 --> 01:32:07,455
every single

4263
01:32:07,455 --> 01:32:08,389
during the heliophysics

4264
01:32:08,389 --> 01:32:09,023
big year.

4265
01:32:09,023 --> 01:32:09,991
And it's a big year

4266
01:32:09,991 --> 01:32:10,324
because it's

4267
01:32:10,324 --> 01:32:12,093
more than 12 months.

4268
01:32:12,093 --> 01:32:12,760
But during that,

4269
01:32:12,760 --> 01:32:13,728
during that time

4270
01:32:13,728 --> 01:32:16,063
we have themes for

4271
01:32:16,063 --> 01:32:17,231
on different ways

4272
01:32:17,231 --> 01:32:18,533
people can explore the sun

4273
01:32:18,533 --> 01:32:19,433
and how it touches that.

4274
01:32:19,433 --> 01:32:20,067
And so we have

4275
01:32:20,067 --> 01:32:21,369
themes like fashion.

4276
01:32:21,369 --> 01:32:22,136
We're going to be delving

4277
01:32:22,136 --> 01:32:23,070
into physical

4278
01:32:23,070 --> 01:32:24,972
and mental and emotional health

4279
01:32:24,972 --> 01:32:25,907
that Sun touches

4280
01:32:25,907 --> 01:32:27,375
us in so many ways,

4281
01:32:27,375 --> 01:32:28,442
and then we have missions

4282
01:32:28,442 --> 01:32:29,877
in just a couple of weeks.

4283
01:32:29,877 --> 01:32:31,212
We have our our mission

4284
01:32:31,212 --> 01:32:31,879
that is launching,

4285
01:32:31,879 --> 01:32:32,513
and it's going to be

4286
01:32:32,513 --> 01:32:33,648
the first space

4287
01:32:33,648 --> 01:32:35,583
weather station on ISIS.

4288
01:32:35,583 --> 01:32:37,652
And we are so excited.

4289
01:32:37,652 --> 01:32:39,086
You've no idea.

4290
01:32:39,086 --> 01:32:40,922
Wow, there's so many new

4291
01:32:40,922 --> 01:32:41,889
NASA's vents

4292
01:32:41,889 --> 01:32:44,292
and opportunities coming up.

4293
01:32:44,292 --> 01:32:45,359
Is there any other

4294
01:32:45,359 --> 01:32:46,527
like science

4295
01:32:46,527 --> 01:32:47,295
that maybe people

4296
01:32:47,295 --> 01:32:48,129
could get involved

4297
01:32:48,129 --> 01:32:49,263
with themselves?

4298
01:32:49,263 --> 01:32:50,131
Yeah, for sure.

4299
01:32:50,131 --> 01:32:50,798
So we talked about

4300
01:32:50,798 --> 01:32:51,933
citizen science a bunch,

4301
01:32:51,933 --> 01:32:53,434
and that is one of the ways

4302
01:32:53,434 --> 01:32:54,235
for sure

4303
01:32:54,235 --> 01:32:55,536
for people to get involved

4304
01:32:55,536 --> 01:32:57,338
and to do NASA's science

4305
01:32:57,338 --> 01:32:58,940
with real scientists.

4306
01:32:58,940 --> 01:33:00,207
And then there's also like

4307
01:33:00,207 --> 01:33:01,208
you are a scientist,

4308
01:33:01,208 --> 01:33:01,742
every single

4309
01:33:01,742 --> 01:33:02,944
one of us is a scientist,

4310
01:33:02,944 --> 01:33:04,178
and we're going to share ways

4311
01:33:04,178 --> 01:33:05,746
that you can explore the sun.

4312
01:33:05,746 --> 01:33:06,447
Do your own

4313
01:33:06,447 --> 01:33:07,248
little scientific

4314
01:33:07,248 --> 01:33:09,517
investigations yourself.

4315
01:33:09,517 --> 01:33:11,085
And so, yeah,

4316
01:33:11,085 --> 01:33:11,852
the science is going

4317
01:33:11,852 --> 01:33:13,921
to be front and center.

4318
01:33:13,921 --> 01:33:14,822
There's also going to be

4319
01:33:14,822 --> 01:33:15,957
some other things as well.

4320
01:33:15,957 --> 01:33:16,357
That's great.

4321
01:33:16,357 --> 01:33:16,958
So what are you

4322
01:33:16,958 --> 01:33:17,925
most excited about

4323
01:33:17,925 --> 01:33:19,727
in this upcoming big year?

4324
01:33:19,727 --> 01:33:22,096
For me, it's the unity right

4325
01:33:22,096 --> 01:33:22,964
like the center.

4326
01:33:22,964 --> 01:33:23,631
It doesn't matter

4327
01:33:23,631 --> 01:33:24,665
what race you are,

4328
01:33:24,665 --> 01:33:25,833
what ethnicity,

4329
01:33:25,833 --> 01:33:27,835
what culture, religion,

4330
01:33:27,835 --> 01:33:28,436
whether you live

4331
01:33:28,436 --> 01:33:29,637
in a rural community,

4332
01:33:29,637 --> 01:33:30,571
urban community,

4333
01:33:30,571 --> 01:33:31,806
it doesn't matter.

4334
01:33:31,806 --> 01:33:33,608
The sun touches us all

4335
01:33:33,608 --> 01:33:35,409
and we like to call it

4336
01:33:35,409 --> 01:33:36,844
our extraordinarily

4337
01:33:36,844 --> 01:33:38,179
ordinary sun,

4338
01:33:38,179 --> 01:33:39,280
because the star,

4339
01:33:39,280 --> 01:33:40,247
our sun is supposed

4340
01:33:40,247 --> 01:33:42,249
to just be ordinary,

4341
01:33:42,249 --> 01:33:43,618
but it is responsible

4342
01:33:43,618 --> 01:33:44,385
and touches

4343
01:33:44,385 --> 01:33:46,420
every living thing on earth.

4344
01:33:46,420 --> 01:33:47,822
And no other star

4345
01:33:47,822 --> 01:33:49,357
that we know of

4346
01:33:49,357 --> 01:33:50,124
has that level

4347
01:33:50,124 --> 01:33:50,992
of responsibility.

4348
01:33:50,992 --> 01:33:51,826
So that gives

4349
01:33:51,826 --> 01:33:53,728
that gives me hope

4350
01:33:53,728 --> 01:33:55,296
that you can be ordinary,

4351
01:33:55,296 --> 01:33:57,598
have an extraordinary impact.

4352
01:33:57,598 --> 01:33:58,599
That's amazing.

4353
01:33:58,599 --> 01:33:58,899
Well,

4354
01:33:58,899 --> 01:33:59,667
I think our sun is

4355
01:33:59,667 --> 01:34:00,601
pretty extraordinary

4356
01:34:00,601 --> 01:34:03,237
by itself, so I know.

4357
01:34:03,304 --> 01:34:04,171
Thank you so much for

4358
01:34:04,171 --> 01:34:05,172
joining us, Denise.

4359
01:34:05,172 --> 01:34:06,407
For having me.

4360
01:34:06,407 --> 01:34:07,408
So if you want to learn

4361
01:34:07,408 --> 01:34:08,876
more about the Heliophysics

4362
01:34:08,876 --> 01:34:10,378
speak, you can visit

4363
01:34:10,378 --> 01:34:11,245
go dot Nassau dot

4364
01:34:11,245 --> 01:34:13,247
gov slash hillier piggy.

4365
01:34:13,247 --> 01:34:13,614
Michael,

4366
01:34:13,614 --> 01:34:14,915
are you excited for the physics

4367
01:34:14,915 --> 01:34:15,416
speak?

4368
01:34:15,416 --> 01:34:16,350
I am so excited

4369
01:34:16,350 --> 01:34:18,152
because I get to be a rock star

4370
01:34:18,152 --> 01:34:19,420
for an entire year

4371
01:34:19,420 --> 01:34:20,388
and then I go back to being

4372
01:34:20,388 --> 01:34:21,822
a normal scientist again.

4373
01:34:21,822 --> 01:34:22,890
I'll know it's going

4374
01:34:22,890 --> 01:34:23,791
to be fantastic

4375
01:34:23,791 --> 01:34:25,493
for science,

4376
01:34:25,493 --> 01:34:27,028
for outreach, for everything.

4377
01:34:27,028 --> 01:34:28,396
I am so excited for this.

4378
01:34:28,396 --> 01:34:29,263
Well, the Heliophysics

4379
01:34:29,263 --> 01:34:30,331
big year has

4380
01:34:30,331 --> 01:34:31,599
so many opportunities

4381
01:34:31,599 --> 01:34:32,566
for folks around the world

4382
01:34:32,566 --> 01:34:33,300
to get involved

4383
01:34:33,300 --> 01:34:34,468
with NASA's science,

4384
01:34:34,468 --> 01:34:36,270
especially during the 2024

4385
01:34:36,270 --> 01:34:37,805
total solar eclipse.

4386
01:34:37,805 --> 01:34:38,673
And one group of

4387
01:34:38,673 --> 01:34:39,473
citizen scientists

4388
01:34:39,473 --> 01:34:41,175
will be using their senses

4389
01:34:41,175 --> 01:34:42,343
to make observations.

4390
01:34:42,343 --> 01:34:43,778
They'll gather sound recordings

4391
01:34:43,778 --> 01:34:45,513
and help data analysis

4392
01:34:45,513 --> 01:34:46,113
to understand

4393
01:34:46,113 --> 01:34:47,982
how wildlife will be impacted

4394
01:34:47,982 --> 01:34:49,316
by solar eclipses.

4395
01:34:49,316 --> 01:34:50,317
And you can help them too,

4396
01:34:50,317 --> 01:34:52,153
no matter your citizenship.

4397
01:34:52,153 --> 01:34:55,489
So now let's learn more.

4398
01:34:55,589 --> 01:34:57,391
During a total solar eclipse,

4399
01:34:57,391 --> 01:34:59,527
it is almost like day

4400
01:34:59,527 --> 01:35:02,329
becomes night very quickly.

4401
01:35:02,329 --> 01:35:03,764
So knowing that there's

4402
01:35:03,764 --> 01:35:04,632
going to be a change

4403
01:35:04,632 --> 01:35:05,900
in that light in life,

4404
01:35:05,900 --> 01:35:07,168
giving energy

4405
01:35:07,168 --> 01:35:08,636
means that we can predict

4406
01:35:08,636 --> 01:35:09,870
when animals are going

4407
01:35:09,870 --> 01:35:10,971
to have a rapid shift

4408
01:35:10,971 --> 01:35:12,073
in their behavior,

4409
01:35:12,073 --> 01:35:13,808
which results in changes

4410
01:35:13,808 --> 01:35:15,242
in the acoustic environment

4411
01:35:15,242 --> 01:35:17,311
or the soundscape.

4412
01:35:17,311 --> 01:35:18,512
So the Eclipse Soundscapes

4413
01:35:18,512 --> 01:35:19,714
project is a project

4414
01:35:19,714 --> 01:35:20,514
to determine

4415
01:35:20,514 --> 01:35:21,749
how eclipses affect

4416
01:35:21,749 --> 01:35:22,917
life here on Earth.

4417
01:35:22,917 --> 01:35:24,485
And there's a lot more

4418
01:35:24,485 --> 01:35:25,453
to observation

4419
01:35:25,453 --> 01:35:26,987
than just what you see.

4420
01:35:26,987 --> 01:35:28,155
It's also important

4421
01:35:28,155 --> 01:35:30,091
to think about what you hear.

4422
01:35:30,091 --> 01:35:30,691
We're measuring

4423
01:35:30,691 --> 01:35:33,060
how the rapid onset of darkness

4424
01:35:33,060 --> 01:35:34,295
an eclipse affects

4425
01:35:34,295 --> 01:35:35,029
wildlife

4426
01:35:35,029 --> 01:35:36,163
by measuring the changes

4427
01:35:36,163 --> 01:35:37,531
and sounds that they make.

4428
01:35:37,531 --> 01:35:38,499
The general public

4429
01:35:38,499 --> 01:35:39,600
is best suited

4430
01:35:39,600 --> 01:35:40,735
for this type of project

4431
01:35:40,735 --> 01:35:42,303
because the general public

4432
01:35:42,303 --> 01:35:43,537
is everywhere.

4433
01:35:43,537 --> 01:35:44,572
And that's really the power

4434
01:35:44,572 --> 01:35:46,140
of the participatory science

4435
01:35:46,140 --> 01:35:47,641
component of this project.

4436
01:35:47,641 --> 01:35:48,843
It enables recordings

4437
01:35:48,843 --> 01:35:50,778
and observations of soundscapes

4438
01:35:50,778 --> 01:35:51,879
across the diversity

4439
01:35:51,879 --> 01:35:53,013
of ecosystem homes

4440
01:35:53,013 --> 01:35:53,380
covered

4441
01:35:53,380 --> 01:35:55,082
by the path of totality.

4442
01:35:55,082 --> 01:35:55,816
We might think of

4443
01:35:55,816 --> 01:35:56,784
some ecosystems

4444
01:35:56,784 --> 01:35:57,985
having a greater influence

4445
01:35:57,985 --> 01:35:58,953
of human activities

4446
01:35:58,953 --> 01:36:00,121
on the soundscape,

4447
01:36:00,121 --> 01:36:01,622
whereas in other ecosystems,

4448
01:36:01,622 --> 01:36:02,523
say, a remote

4449
01:36:02,523 --> 01:36:03,624
of a national park,

4450
01:36:03,624 --> 01:36:04,992
we might have a lower influence

4451
01:36:04,992 --> 01:36:05,960
of human activities

4452
01:36:05,960 --> 01:36:07,261
and greater influence

4453
01:36:07,261 --> 01:36:08,629
from the sounds of life

4454
01:36:08,629 --> 01:36:16,403
in Earth.

4455
01:36:16,504 --> 01:36:17,304
The only way to

4456
01:36:17,304 --> 01:36:18,472
properly preserve

4457
01:36:18,472 --> 01:36:21,175
a species is to understand

4458
01:36:21,175 --> 01:36:22,243
the only way to understand

4459
01:36:22,243 --> 01:36:24,411
it is through scientific study

4460
01:36:24,411 --> 01:36:25,679
on their behavior

4461
01:36:25,679 --> 01:36:26,580
or patterns

4462
01:36:26,580 --> 01:36:29,150
and their habitat requirements.

4463
01:36:29,150 --> 01:36:29,817
One of the things

4464
01:36:29,817 --> 01:36:30,651
we'll be doing

4465
01:36:30,651 --> 01:36:31,418
during the total

4466
01:36:31,418 --> 01:36:33,454
solar eclipse is setting of

4467
01:36:33,454 --> 01:36:34,655
these recording stations.

4468
01:36:34,655 --> 01:36:36,557
So these are our acoustic

4469
01:36:36,557 --> 01:36:38,058
monitoring stations

4470
01:36:38,058 --> 01:36:39,393
and what we're doing

4471
01:36:39,393 --> 01:36:41,028
is listening for

4472
01:36:41,028 --> 01:36:42,963
of the different species

4473
01:36:42,963 --> 01:36:44,765
with a hopes of taking out

4474
01:36:44,765 --> 01:36:45,299
some of those

4475
01:36:45,299 --> 01:36:46,567
endangered species

4476
01:36:46,567 --> 01:36:49,904
in order to hear about.

4477
01:36:49,970 --> 01:36:50,938
We're hoping the results

4478
01:36:50,938 --> 01:36:51,605
of this study

4479
01:36:51,605 --> 01:36:52,706
will inform us

4480
01:36:52,706 --> 01:36:54,475
about the health of our bat

4481
01:36:54,475 --> 01:36:55,776
populations of Hot Springs

4482
01:36:55,776 --> 01:36:56,744
National Park

4483
01:36:56,744 --> 01:36:57,812
and help improve

4484
01:36:57,812 --> 01:37:00,614
nature conservation efforts.

4485
01:37:00,614 --> 01:37:01,982
The Eclipse Soundscapes

4486
01:37:01,982 --> 01:37:04,051
project is an inclusive

4487
01:37:04,051 --> 01:37:05,286
and accessible project

4488
01:37:05,286 --> 01:37:07,054
that is inviting

4489
01:37:07,054 --> 01:37:08,055
the general public

4490
01:37:08,055 --> 01:37:08,889
to get involved

4491
01:37:08,889 --> 01:37:10,257
in NASA's science

4492
01:37:10,257 --> 01:37:11,959
alongside scientists

4493
01:37:11,959 --> 01:37:13,928
and subject matter experts.

4494
01:37:13,928 --> 01:37:14,662
Where ever

4495
01:37:14,662 --> 01:37:16,297
you take your observations,

4496
01:37:16,297 --> 01:37:17,298
you might be giving us

4497
01:37:17,298 --> 01:37:18,032
information

4498
01:37:18,032 --> 01:37:18,866
that has never been

4499
01:37:18,866 --> 01:37:20,134
recorded before,

4500
01:37:20,134 --> 01:37:21,402
and that is really useful

4501
01:37:21,402 --> 01:37:25,039
and interesting to a scientist.

4502
01:37:25,139 --> 01:37:25,673
Well, that

4503
01:37:25,673 --> 01:37:27,441
sounds like an exciting project

4504
01:37:27,441 --> 01:37:28,242
that anyone can

4505
01:37:28,242 --> 01:37:29,443
get involved with.

4506
01:37:29,443 --> 01:37:30,377
So if you want to learn more

4507
01:37:30,377 --> 01:37:31,579
about Eclipse soundscapes

4508
01:37:31,579 --> 01:37:33,280
or any of other NASA's

4509
01:37:33,280 --> 01:37:35,216
other citizen science,

4510
01:37:35,216 --> 01:37:36,483
go to go dot

4511
01:37:36,483 --> 01:37:39,019
NASA.gov slash Hillier bigger.

4512
01:37:39,019 --> 01:37:39,220
Well,

4513
01:37:39,220 --> 01:37:40,221
thank you to everyone

4514
01:37:40,221 --> 01:37:41,088
joining us online

4515
01:37:41,088 --> 01:37:42,156
and here in Albuquerque

4516
01:37:42,156 --> 01:37:42,990
New Mexico.

4517
01:37:42,990 --> 01:37:44,191
It's been an unforgettable

4518
01:37:44,191 --> 01:37:45,459
day, hasn't it, Michael?

4519
01:37:45,459 --> 01:37:46,393
it certainly has.

4520
01:37:46,393 --> 01:37:48,062
I will never forget this day.

4521
01:37:48,062 --> 01:37:49,230
It has been

4522
01:37:49,230 --> 01:37:50,831
just a day full of activity

4523
01:37:50,831 --> 01:37:51,599
and memories

4524
01:37:51,599 --> 01:37:53,234
that will last a lifetime.

4525
01:37:53,234 --> 01:37:54,001
So although the

4526
01:37:54,001 --> 01:37:55,069
annual eclipse is over

4527
01:37:55,069 --> 01:37:56,070
in Albuquerque,

4528
01:37:56,070 --> 01:37:57,371
we still have one more day left

4529
01:37:57,371 --> 01:37:57,838
at the balloon

4530
01:37:57,838 --> 01:37:59,240
fiesta and one year

4531
01:37:59,240 --> 01:37:59,940
to participate

4532
01:37:59,940 --> 01:38:01,141
in as many sunshine

4533
01:38:01,141 --> 01:38:02,843
related activities as possible

4534
01:38:02,843 --> 01:38:05,012
in the Heliophysics big year.

4535
01:38:05,012 --> 01:38:05,813
So now let's

4536
01:38:05,813 --> 01:38:07,114
head back to Cavil, Texas.

4537
01:38:07,114 --> 01:38:07,781
Well, Tara

4538
01:38:07,781 --> 01:38:08,382
and Gina

4539
01:38:08,382 --> 01:38:09,717
will chat about the upcoming

4540
01:38:09,717 --> 01:38:11,252
total solar eclipse.

4541
01:38:11,252 --> 01:38:12,319
Thank you so much for joining

4542
01:38:12,319 --> 01:38:15,422
us, everyone. Thanks everyone.

4543
01:38:15,522 --> 01:38:16,657
And thank you, Joy.

4544
01:38:16,657 --> 01:38:17,224
And Michael,

4545
01:38:17,224 --> 01:38:17,658
I mean, it

4546
01:38:17,658 --> 01:38:19,627
sounds like we have so much

4547
01:38:19,627 --> 01:38:20,294
to look forward

4548
01:38:20,294 --> 01:38:21,929
to over this next year.

4549
01:38:21,929 --> 01:38:22,463
And folks,

4550
01:38:22,463 --> 01:38:24,431
even though peak annual parity

4551
01:38:24,431 --> 01:38:25,099
just passed in

4552
01:38:25,099 --> 01:38:26,133
Kerrville, Texas,

4553
01:38:26,133 --> 01:38:27,101
we are still getting

4554
01:38:27,101 --> 01:38:28,869
an incredible view

4555
01:38:28,869 --> 01:38:30,604
on this live telescope feed.

4556
01:38:30,604 --> 01:38:32,640
You can see the moon is now

4557
01:38:32,640 --> 01:38:34,141
passing over the sun

4558
01:38:34,141 --> 01:38:35,776
and honestly on its way

4559
01:38:35,776 --> 01:38:38,045
to make another Cities day.

4560
01:38:38,045 --> 01:38:39,580
Now, it is a good point

4561
01:38:39,580 --> 01:38:40,414
to remind folks

4562
01:38:40,414 --> 01:38:41,649
that X marks

4563
01:38:41,649 --> 01:38:44,051
the spot here in Kerrville

4564
01:38:44,051 --> 01:38:45,319
for the 2024

4565
01:38:45,319 --> 01:38:46,120
total solar

4566
01:38:46,120 --> 01:38:47,488
eclipse will pass

4567
01:38:47,488 --> 01:38:49,290
in just six months.

4568
01:38:49,290 --> 01:38:51,091
This very lucky city

4569
01:38:51,091 --> 01:38:53,093
is in the path of totality

4570
01:38:53,093 --> 01:38:54,461
and will be one of the places

4571
01:38:54,461 --> 01:38:55,663
to witness the moon

4572
01:38:55,663 --> 01:38:57,064
completely blocking out

4573
01:38:57,064 --> 01:38:58,232
the face of the sun

4574
01:38:58,232 --> 01:38:59,700
and darkening the sky

4575
01:38:59,700 --> 01:39:01,802
as if it were dawn or dusk.

4576
01:39:01,802 --> 01:39:03,003
Now, Gina and I

4577
01:39:03,003 --> 01:39:04,204
are here with NASA's

4578
01:39:04,204 --> 01:39:05,873
chief scientist, Dr.

4579
01:39:05,873 --> 01:39:06,874
Kate Calvin,

4580
01:39:06,874 --> 01:39:07,675
to learn more

4581
01:39:07,675 --> 01:39:08,943
about what we can expect

4582
01:39:08,943 --> 01:39:09,944
for next year.

4583
01:39:09,944 --> 01:39:10,444
Kate,

4584
01:39:10,444 --> 01:39:11,145
thank you so much

4585
01:39:11,145 --> 01:39:12,146
for being here with us.

4586
01:39:12,146 --> 01:39:13,213
Thanks for having me.

4587
01:39:13,213 --> 01:39:15,549
You And so can you start off

4588
01:39:15,549 --> 01:39:16,750
and just give us an idea

4589
01:39:16,750 --> 01:39:18,986
of what science we can expect

4590
01:39:18,986 --> 01:39:21,188
only for a total solar eclipse.

4591
01:39:21,188 --> 01:39:21,956
So one of the things

4592
01:39:21,956 --> 01:39:22,523
that scientists

4593
01:39:22,523 --> 01:39:23,290
are really interesting

4594
01:39:23,290 --> 01:39:24,158
in studying is called

4595
01:39:24,158 --> 01:39:24,758
the corona.

4596
01:39:24,758 --> 01:39:25,225
It's a part

4597
01:39:25,225 --> 01:39:26,493
of the sun's atmosphere.

4598
01:39:26,493 --> 01:39:27,361
It's a source of heat

4599
01:39:27,361 --> 01:39:28,095
and particles

4600
01:39:28,095 --> 01:39:29,363
that come towards Earth.

4601
01:39:29,363 --> 01:39:31,165
But normally it's too bright.

4602
01:39:31,165 --> 01:39:32,399
And so you can't really

4603
01:39:32,399 --> 01:39:33,634
observe it directly.

4604
01:39:33,634 --> 01:39:34,902
Scientists use instruments

4605
01:39:34,902 --> 01:39:35,836
called Chronographs

4606
01:39:35,836 --> 01:39:36,904
to block some of that light,

4607
01:39:36,904 --> 01:39:38,038
but it's still hard to see

4608
01:39:38,038 --> 01:39:39,073
parts of the same asset.

4609
01:39:39,073 --> 01:39:39,974
Total eclipse.

4610
01:39:39,974 --> 01:39:40,874
The total eclipse

4611
01:39:40,874 --> 01:39:41,942
gives the best environment

4612
01:39:41,942 --> 01:39:43,377
for studying the corona. Right?

4613
01:39:43,377 --> 01:39:44,712
But we were so lucky

4614
01:39:44,712 --> 01:39:46,113
to just see that prominence

4615
01:39:46,113 --> 01:39:47,314
coming off of the sun

4616
01:39:47,314 --> 01:39:48,716
and what is the prominence.

4617
01:39:48,716 --> 01:39:49,817
And so that's actually

4618
01:39:49,817 --> 01:39:52,186
some of that solar particles,

4619
01:39:52,186 --> 01:39:53,253
some of the particles

4620
01:39:53,253 --> 01:39:54,121
coming off of the sun,

4621
01:39:54,121 --> 01:39:55,022
the ejecta,

4622
01:39:55,022 --> 01:39:55,656
and we can kind of

4623
01:39:55,656 --> 01:39:56,957
see it hanging there,

4624
01:39:56,957 --> 01:39:57,458
which either

4625
01:39:57,458 --> 01:39:58,926
turns into an eruption,

4626
01:39:58,926 --> 01:40:00,427
some of that activity

4627
01:40:00,427 --> 01:40:01,362
that we can observe

4628
01:40:01,362 --> 01:40:01,762
to kind of

4629
01:40:01,762 --> 01:40:04,131
just quiet down as well.

4630
01:40:04,131 --> 01:40:04,598
Yeah.

4631
01:40:04,598 --> 01:40:06,033
So can you tell us,

4632
01:40:06,033 --> 01:40:06,400
you know,

4633
01:40:06,400 --> 01:40:07,201
how do the

4634
01:40:07,201 --> 01:40:08,302
how can the public involved

4635
01:40:08,302 --> 01:40:09,536
with a total solar eclipse?

4636
01:40:09,536 --> 01:40:10,838
that's a good question. Yeah.

4637
01:40:10,838 --> 01:40:11,839
So we have a number

4638
01:40:11,839 --> 01:40:13,073
of citizen science projects.

4639
01:40:13,073 --> 01:40:13,774
These are projects

4640
01:40:13,774 --> 01:40:14,141
or people

4641
01:40:14,141 --> 01:40:15,142
anywhere around the world

4642
01:40:15,142 --> 01:40:15,843
can help contribute

4643
01:40:15,843 --> 01:40:16,844
to our science.

4644
01:40:16,844 --> 01:40:17,611
You don't have to be

4645
01:40:17,611 --> 01:40:18,579
in the path of totality

4646
01:40:18,579 --> 01:40:19,179
to contribute.

4647
01:40:19,179 --> 01:40:20,881
We have projects for everyone

4648
01:40:20,881 --> 01:40:22,383
and there's different projects.

4649
01:40:22,383 --> 01:40:23,650
Some of them you need

4650
01:40:23,650 --> 01:40:24,952
cameras or telescopes

4651
01:40:24,952 --> 01:40:26,120
or equipment, others

4652
01:40:26,120 --> 01:40:26,520
you can use

4653
01:40:26,520 --> 01:40:27,955
just with your cell phone.

4654
01:40:27,955 --> 01:40:30,324
And so we have one project

4655
01:40:30,324 --> 01:40:30,724
that's on

4656
01:40:30,724 --> 01:40:31,592
called on the Globe

4657
01:40:31,592 --> 01:40:32,292
Observer app.

4658
01:40:32,292 --> 01:40:33,260
It's to help understand

4659
01:40:33,260 --> 01:40:34,528
the effect of eclipses

4660
01:40:34,528 --> 01:40:35,262
on Earth's weather.

4661
01:40:35,262 --> 01:40:35,729
And you can do that

4662
01:40:35,729 --> 01:40:37,297
just with your phone.

4663
01:40:37,297 --> 01:40:38,899
Any other science background

4664
01:40:38,899 --> 01:40:40,534
or anyone can contribute.

4665
01:40:40,534 --> 01:40:41,001
We walk

4666
01:40:41,001 --> 01:40:42,002
through what you need to do,

4667
01:40:42,002 --> 01:40:42,469
and sometimes

4668
01:40:42,469 --> 01:40:43,137
it's as simple

4669
01:40:43,137 --> 01:40:43,971
as taking a picture

4670
01:40:43,971 --> 01:40:45,506
or recording a sound.

4671
01:40:45,506 --> 01:40:46,507
And so you can all green

4672
01:40:46,507 --> 01:40:47,274
it to our science

4673
01:40:47,274 --> 01:40:48,575
so anybody can get involved.

4674
01:40:48,575 --> 01:40:49,676
Anyone can get involved.

4675
01:40:49,676 --> 01:40:50,411
Perfect.

4676
01:40:50,411 --> 01:40:51,645
And then can you tell us

4677
01:40:51,645 --> 01:40:52,413
a little more

4678
01:40:52,413 --> 01:40:53,914
how the eclipse science

4679
01:40:53,914 --> 01:40:54,815
that we're doing

4680
01:40:54,815 --> 01:40:55,916
will help to inform

4681
01:40:55,916 --> 01:40:56,817
kind of the broader

4682
01:40:56,817 --> 01:40:58,585
science at NASA? Yeah.

4683
01:40:58,585 --> 01:40:59,119
So like I said,

4684
01:40:59,119 --> 01:40:59,787
we're trying to study

4685
01:40:59,787 --> 01:41:01,021
the corona, the source of heat

4686
01:41:01,021 --> 01:41:02,289
and particles towards Earth.

4687
01:41:02,289 --> 01:41:02,990
They are factors.

4688
01:41:02,990 --> 01:41:04,691
They can disrupt electronics,

4689
01:41:04,691 --> 01:41:05,392
they can lead to

4690
01:41:05,392 --> 01:41:06,260
northern lights.

4691
01:41:06,260 --> 01:41:06,960
So really interested

4692
01:41:06,960 --> 01:41:08,195
in that earth

4693
01:41:08,195 --> 01:41:08,762
and understanding

4694
01:41:08,762 --> 01:41:09,730
the effects on earth.

4695
01:41:09,730 --> 01:41:11,165
There's also the sun affects

4696
01:41:11,165 --> 01:41:11,932
other planets

4697
01:41:11,932 --> 01:41:13,567
and bodies in the solar system

4698
01:41:13,567 --> 01:41:15,002
like the moon and Mars.

4699
01:41:15,002 --> 01:41:15,969
And so when we think about

4700
01:41:15,969 --> 01:41:17,438
exploring the solar system,

4701
01:41:17,438 --> 01:41:18,172
we want to understand

4702
01:41:18,172 --> 01:41:19,907
the sun and its role in it.

4703
01:41:19,907 --> 01:41:20,841
Wow, that's incredible.

4704
01:41:20,841 --> 01:41:21,708
I mean, we have so much

4705
01:41:21,708 --> 01:41:23,577
to look forward to next year.

4706
01:41:23,577 --> 01:41:25,846
I want to know real quick,

4707
01:41:25,846 --> 01:41:26,747
what are like

4708
01:41:26,747 --> 01:41:28,348
what's your peak excitement

4709
01:41:28,348 --> 01:41:29,083
for next year's

4710
01:41:29,083 --> 01:41:30,184
total solar eclipse.

4711
01:41:30,184 --> 01:41:31,218
You know, we'll start with you

4712
01:41:31,218 --> 01:41:32,152
and then Kate would love

4713
01:41:32,152 --> 01:41:33,420
to hear your thoughts. Sure.

4714
01:41:33,420 --> 01:41:34,922
So I'm really excited

4715
01:41:34,922 --> 01:41:36,056
to compare

4716
01:41:36,056 --> 01:41:37,157
what we saw today

4717
01:41:37,157 --> 01:41:38,692
that that annular eclipse

4718
01:41:38,692 --> 01:41:39,793
how does it compare to that

4719
01:41:39,793 --> 01:41:40,727
total solar eclipse?

4720
01:41:40,727 --> 01:41:40,894
You know,

4721
01:41:40,894 --> 01:41:43,330
I got to see a total in 2017.

4722
01:41:43,330 --> 01:41:45,632
But every eclipse is unique

4723
01:41:45,632 --> 01:41:46,867
and so such a science

4724
01:41:46,867 --> 01:41:48,335
I think I know how to dial

4725
01:41:48,335 --> 01:41:49,369
my experiment

4726
01:41:49,369 --> 01:41:51,638
how many data points can I get?

4727
01:41:51,638 --> 01:41:52,439
But not just that,

4728
01:41:52,439 --> 01:41:52,773
you know, we're

4729
01:41:52,773 --> 01:41:53,407
hearing everything

4730
01:41:53,407 --> 01:41:55,109
about the heliophysics big year

4731
01:41:55,109 --> 01:41:56,543
and so it kicks off today

4732
01:41:56,543 --> 01:41:57,411
and that total

4733
01:41:57,411 --> 01:41:58,479
solar eclipse in April

4734
01:41:58,479 --> 01:41:59,313
will be the next event.

4735
01:41:59,313 --> 01:42:00,647
So how many events

4736
01:42:00,647 --> 01:42:01,682
can I participate in

4737
01:42:01,682 --> 01:42:03,250
for the Heliophysics big year?

4738
01:42:03,250 --> 01:42:05,018
Amazing. What about you?

4739
01:42:05,018 --> 01:42:05,652
I'm interested

4740
01:42:05,652 --> 01:42:06,453
in sort of the things

4741
01:42:06,453 --> 01:42:07,187
beyond just what

4742
01:42:07,187 --> 01:42:07,754
you see

4743
01:42:07,754 --> 01:42:08,522
what you feel

4744
01:42:08,522 --> 01:42:09,123
so that it's going

4745
01:42:09,123 --> 01:42:09,823
to get cooler

4746
01:42:09,823 --> 01:42:11,425
and we might hear some animal.

4747
01:42:11,425 --> 01:42:12,626
We felt that. Yeah.

4748
01:42:12,626 --> 01:42:14,161
And I really want the full body

4749
01:42:14,161 --> 01:42:15,929
experience of the eclipse

4750
01:42:15,929 --> 01:42:16,864
That is incredible.

4751
01:42:16,864 --> 01:42:18,432
And I mean, today has been

4752
01:42:18,432 --> 01:42:20,334
a spectacular day.

4753
01:42:20,334 --> 01:42:21,368
So folks, let's

4754
01:42:21,368 --> 01:42:22,636
check in one last time

4755
01:42:22,636 --> 01:42:24,571
with James at our Eclipse desk

4756
01:42:24,571 --> 01:42:25,839
to see how he's doing.

4757
01:42:25,839 --> 01:42:27,841
James, what's it like

4758
01:42:27,841 --> 01:42:28,709
yet to hear?

4759
01:42:28,709 --> 01:42:30,277
I'm still in all of the moment

4760
01:42:30,277 --> 01:42:31,178
that we just had here

4761
01:42:31,178 --> 01:42:32,012
a couple of minutes ago

4762
01:42:32,012 --> 01:42:33,280
here in Kerrville, Texas.

4763
01:42:33,280 --> 01:42:34,348
Just a stunning view,

4764
01:42:34,348 --> 01:42:35,282
that ring of fire here.

4765
01:42:35,282 --> 01:42:35,949
And as you can see

4766
01:42:35,949 --> 01:42:37,284
on our Eclipse Explorer,

4767
01:42:37,284 --> 01:42:38,051
the annual charity

4768
01:42:38,051 --> 01:42:39,086
has now shifted off

4769
01:42:39,086 --> 01:42:40,320
into the Gulf of Mexico.

4770
01:42:40,320 --> 01:42:41,155
So if you're in a boat out

4771
01:42:41,155 --> 01:42:41,321
there,

4772
01:42:41,321 --> 01:42:42,756
you'll have a phenomenal view.

4773
01:42:42,756 --> 01:42:44,091
But we're going to be here

4774
01:42:44,091 --> 01:42:44,725
once again

4775
01:42:44,725 --> 01:42:45,726
next year, April eight,

4776
01:42:45,726 --> 01:42:47,461
2024, in Kerrville, Texas.

4777
01:42:47,461 --> 01:42:49,196
I've got the path of the 2024

4778
01:42:49,196 --> 01:42:50,264
total solar eclipse up

4779
01:42:50,264 --> 01:42:51,331
here on the screen.

4780
01:42:51,331 --> 01:42:52,199
You can see it's tracking

4781
01:42:52,199 --> 01:42:53,300
right through us in Kerrville

4782
01:42:53,300 --> 01:42:53,834
and then

4783
01:42:53,834 --> 01:42:54,935
affecting an entirely

4784
01:42:54,935 --> 01:42:56,737
new area here that is going

4785
01:42:56,737 --> 01:42:57,971
be stretching all the way up

4786
01:42:57,971 --> 01:42:59,473
to parts of

4787
01:42:59,473 --> 01:43:00,007
New England,

4788
01:43:00,007 --> 01:43:00,841
all the way up to Maine,

4789
01:43:00,841 --> 01:43:01,842
even parts of Canada.

4790
01:43:01,842 --> 01:43:03,710
So a really large area

4791
01:43:03,710 --> 01:43:04,278
there as well.

4792
01:43:04,278 --> 01:43:05,245
So definitely

4793
01:43:05,245 --> 01:43:07,014
save those pinhole projectors.

4794
01:43:07,014 --> 01:43:07,981
Certainly keep a hold

4795
01:43:07,981 --> 01:43:09,583
of those eclipse glasses.

4796
01:43:09,583 --> 01:43:10,184
You're going to need them

4797
01:43:10,184 --> 01:43:10,717
for next year.

4798
01:43:10,717 --> 01:43:11,552
We're going to be right back

4799
01:43:11,552 --> 01:43:12,186
to cover

4800
01:43:12,186 --> 01:43:13,587
all of that incredible stuff

4801
01:43:13,587 --> 01:43:14,755
next year with you.

4802
01:43:14,755 --> 01:43:15,489
It's been amazing

4803
01:43:15,489 --> 01:43:17,191
tracking this today and again,

4804
01:43:17,191 --> 01:43:18,559
this is still moving onwards

4805
01:43:18,559 --> 01:43:19,359
to Central America

4806
01:43:19,359 --> 01:43:20,060
and South America.

4807
01:43:20,060 --> 01:43:20,727
So if you're tuning

4808
01:43:20,727 --> 01:43:21,562
in from there,

4809
01:43:21,562 --> 01:43:22,829
you have a great few incoming.

4810
01:43:22,829 --> 01:43:23,297
And in many

4811
01:43:23,297 --> 01:43:23,997
parts of the country,

4812
01:43:23,997 --> 01:43:24,631
there's still that

4813
01:43:24,631 --> 01:43:25,899
partial eclipse,

4814
01:43:25,899 --> 01:43:27,901
a truly inspiring morning

4815
01:43:27,901 --> 01:43:29,836
and a wonderful day for all.

4816
01:43:29,836 --> 01:43:30,971
So thank you so much.

4817
01:43:30,971 --> 01:43:32,673
Back to you, too, hero.

4818
01:43:32,673 --> 01:43:34,308
And thank you so much, James,

4819
01:43:34,308 --> 01:43:35,943
for bringing us into the action

4820
01:43:35,943 --> 01:43:38,078
during today's show.

4821
01:43:38,145 --> 01:43:39,913
Gina So, wow,

4822
01:43:39,913 --> 01:43:41,014
I mean,

4823
01:43:41,014 --> 01:43:41,782
this was both of our

4824
01:43:41,782 --> 01:43:42,749
first experiences.

4825
01:43:42,749 --> 01:43:44,585
So final thoughts.

4826
01:43:44,585 --> 01:43:46,486
I mean, what a day

4827
01:43:46,486 --> 01:43:47,254
at this point.

4828
01:43:47,254 --> 01:43:47,588
You know,

4829
01:43:47,588 --> 01:43:48,722
I'm ready to look

4830
01:43:48,722 --> 01:43:49,823
at those calculations

4831
01:43:49,823 --> 01:43:50,791
for the eclipses

4832
01:43:50,791 --> 01:43:52,226
and check out not only April,

4833
01:43:52,226 --> 01:43:53,694
but what else can I see

4834
01:43:53,694 --> 01:43:54,294
in the future?

4835
01:43:54,294 --> 01:43:56,430
Because these are spectacular

4836
01:43:56,430 --> 01:43:57,564
little eclipse chasers.

4837
01:43:57,564 --> 01:43:59,900
Exactly. All around the world.

4838
01:43:59,900 --> 01:44:00,234
No.

4839
01:44:00,234 --> 01:44:02,669
And it has been so fantastic

4840
01:44:02,669 --> 01:44:04,037
having you on today's show

4841
01:44:04,037 --> 01:44:05,639
to really just like help

4842
01:44:05,639 --> 01:44:07,374
break down what we are

4843
01:44:07,374 --> 01:44:08,675
experiencing today.

4844
01:44:08,675 --> 01:44:09,943
And first, again,

4845
01:44:09,943 --> 01:44:10,344
thank you

4846
01:44:10,344 --> 01:44:11,645
so much for everything.

4847
01:44:11,645 --> 01:44:13,714
Thank you for having me.

4848
01:44:13,714 --> 01:44:14,448
And folks,

4849
01:44:14,448 --> 01:44:16,950
the action isn't over yet.

4850
01:44:16,950 --> 01:44:19,319
You can continue to watch views

4851
01:44:19,319 --> 01:44:19,886
of today's

4852
01:44:19,886 --> 01:44:20,787
annular eclipse

4853
01:44:20,787 --> 01:44:21,755
as it moves

4854
01:44:21,755 --> 01:44:23,090
across the path

4855
01:44:23,090 --> 01:44:24,391
by visiting go dot

4856
01:44:24,391 --> 01:44:27,327
nasa.gov forward slash eclipse

4857
01:44:27,327 --> 01:44:30,163
2023 live that live stream

4858
01:44:30,163 --> 01:44:31,531
will be will continue

4859
01:44:31,531 --> 01:44:33,367
running until 4:30 p.m.

4860
01:44:33,367 --> 01:44:34,167
eastern

4861
01:44:34,167 --> 01:44:34,735
as this

4862
01:44:34,735 --> 01:44:36,003
eclipse continues

4863
01:44:36,003 --> 01:44:36,603
its way

4864
01:44:36,603 --> 01:44:37,371
through Central

4865
01:44:37,371 --> 01:44:38,872
and South America.

4866
01:44:38,872 --> 01:44:39,606
Now, unlike

4867
01:44:39,606 --> 01:44:41,174
today's Ring of Fire effect,

4868
01:44:41,174 --> 01:44:42,242
we are going to witness

4869
01:44:42,242 --> 01:44:43,710
the moon completely

4870
01:44:43,710 --> 01:44:45,412
block out the face of the

4871
01:44:45,412 --> 01:44:46,280
during next year's

4872
01:44:46,280 --> 01:44:47,748
total solar eclipse.

4873
01:44:47,748 --> 01:44:49,516
The sky is going to darken

4874
01:44:49,516 --> 01:44:51,985
as if it were dawn or dusk.

4875
01:44:51,985 --> 01:44:52,586
You can learn

4876
01:44:52,586 --> 01:44:53,820
more about eclipses

4877
01:44:53,820 --> 01:44:55,822
and what's in store for April

4878
01:44:55,822 --> 01:44:57,190
8th, 2024,

4879
01:44:57,190 --> 01:44:59,726
by visiting Gov.scot NASA.gov.

4880
01:44:59,726 --> 01:45:01,828
Forward slash eclipses.

4881
01:45:01,828 --> 01:45:02,429
The total

4882
01:45:02,429 --> 01:45:03,230
solar eclipse

4883
01:45:03,230 --> 01:45:04,197
is sure to be

4884
01:45:04,197 --> 01:45:06,199
a rare event and one

4885
01:45:06,199 --> 01:45:08,201
you will not want to miss.

4886
01:45:08,201 --> 01:45:09,269
So stay up to date

4887
01:45:09,269 --> 01:45:10,704
with sun related events

4888
01:45:10,704 --> 01:45:11,371
and how we are

4889
01:45:11,371 --> 01:45:12,706
studying our star

4890
01:45:12,706 --> 01:45:13,874
by following NASA's

4891
01:45:13,874 --> 01:45:16,343
Sun on social media.

4892
01:45:16,343 --> 01:45:16,743
Folks,

4893
01:45:16,743 --> 01:45:17,444
thank you

4894
01:45:17,444 --> 01:45:19,112
to everyone who was tuned

4895
01:45:19,112 --> 01:45:19,913
in to today's

4896
01:45:19,913 --> 01:45:21,748
coverage of the 2023

4897
01:45:21,748 --> 01:45:23,283
annular solar eclipse.

4898
01:45:23,283 --> 01:45:24,751
We hope to see you back here

4899
01:45:24,751 --> 01:45:25,719
next April

4900
01:45:25,719 --> 01:45:27,854
as we ring in the last

4901
01:45:27,854 --> 01:45:29,423
total solar eclipse

4902
01:45:29,423 --> 01:45:30,424
that will pass through

4903
01:45:30,424 --> 01:45:32,059
the mainland US

4904
01:45:32,059 --> 01:45:34,461
for two decades.

4905
01:45:34,461 --> 01:45:35,362
Now, here's

4906
01:45:35,362 --> 01:45:36,330
how you can celebrate

4907
01:45:36,330 --> 01:45:37,864
the countdown to April eight

4908
01:45:37,864 --> 01:45:38,799
by joining our

4909
01:45:38,799 --> 01:45:42,469
heliophysics big year.

4910
01:45:42,569 --> 01:45:43,337
We are one

4911
01:45:43,337 --> 01:45:44,504
of 100 billion stars

4912
01:45:44,504 --> 01:45:46,440
in a vast galaxy.

4913
01:45:46,440 --> 01:45:48,241
But for all of human culture

4914
01:45:48,241 --> 01:45:50,010
on Earth,

4915
01:45:50,010 --> 01:45:54,448
one sun that nourishes all

4916
01:45:54,514 --> 01:45:58,418
that is what stirs humankind.

4917
01:45:58,485 --> 01:46:04,524
That's what unites us

4918
01:46:04,624 --> 01:46:06,793
now.

4919
01:46:06,793 --> 01:46:08,362
Experience the wonder,

4920
01:46:08,362 --> 01:46:09,229
the beauty

4921
01:46:09,229 --> 01:46:14,267
and the power of our stars.

4922
01:46:14,368 --> 01:46:15,602
One sun

4923
01:46:15,602 --> 01:46:19,673
across space, time and culture.

4924
01:46:19,773 --> 01:46:22,342
Let us continue the quest

4925
01:46:22,342 --> 01:46:25,345
to unfold this universe

4926
01:46:25,445 --> 01:46:26,947
and let us continue

4927
01:46:26,947 --> 01:46:30,183
to find unity in our discovery.