Hello
and welcome to another
episode of NASA's Science Life,
an opportunity for you
to interact
with NASA's scientists
and have your questions
answered in real time.
I'm your host, Joy Owen.
And tonight
we are live at NASA's
Goddard Space Flight Center.
As the total lunar
eclipse is nearing totality
so it is a little bit
overcast here right
now, but luckily, we're going
to be taking you
to different locations
with clear skies
throughout the show.
So if you have any questions
at all
about the total lunar eclipse,
all by NASA's
heading back to the moon,
send your questions
in using the hashtag,
ask Nasser
or wherever
you're watching the show today.
And as you can see,
we will have a constant
live feed of the lunar eclipse.
So thank you
so much to our friends
at time and date
for providing that feed.
So as you can see,
and there's
a lot of excitement in the air
and we have a lot in store
for you
as we track
the lunar eclipse
from North and South America
and parts of Europe as well.
We have NASA's scientists
answering your questions.
And we also have feeds
of telescopes
dotted all around the world
that are fixated on tonight's
celestial event.
And there's a chance
that you, too,
can see
the lunar eclipse as well.
So if you do snap a photo
and start
with us on social media
or wherever you're watching
tonight's episode.
So there's yeah,
there's a lot to talk about
and we've a lot of questions
coming in online.
But first, let's go over
to my co-host,
James Taylor,
who can tell us
where we are
in the eclipse right now.
And what's in
store for us in tonight's
Total Lunar Eclipse.
Hey, James,
how's it going over there?
Good.
There are some extreme
microclimates out there, but
unfortunately,
just a couple of feet
away from you
on the other side
of the building, it's
also overcast and rainy.
So not holding out
for a good view
from here at least,
but we're tracking it
all across the world.
Behind me
right
here is from
Cartersville, Georgia,
where there's
a little bit of cloud cover.
But we've got a
really nice view
coming into focus,
tracking this from around
the world as well.
We've got some feeds
from Morocco
all over Spain,
and it's just going to be
a phenomenal show
to view from there.
So is this your
first ever eclipse?
Well, the last
lunar eclipse
I saw was in 2019 in Mexico.
City, actually,
and it was
an amazing experience.
What about yourself?
It's been,
I think, at least
a decade for me.
It's been a really long time.
And I guess
I'm going to have to keep
waiting as well.
But live vicariously
through the amazing feats
that we've got out here
as well.
So how many feeds do
we have tonight?
Yeah, quite a few.
I think I'm tracking
at least eight here so far.
There are some
that are kind of cycling
through for me
as well, too,
from parts of the West Coast
of the United States
out in L.A.
We've got a really cool view
from Ontario, Canada as well.
A lot of places are fighting
with a little bit
of cloud cover
so we'll kind of see
how that develops over
the night as well.
One of the views
I'm tracking
as well as from Rome, Italy,
where as the night goes
on, the moon is going
to get lower and lower
and the horizon
won't even get a view
of the Coliseum as well,
which would be fantastic
as well.
But at least right
now, let's learn a little bit
more about the science
behind a lunar eclipse.
If you looked at the
moon over the course
of a few weeks,
you'd probably notice
that it looks
slightly different every day.
The change in its shadow
is based on
where the moon is in its orbit.
We call this cycle
the phases of the moon,
and it occurs
roughly once a month
at least twice a year.
However,
something quite
different happens.
The moon passes
through the shadow cast by.
The earth, causing it.
To look extremely unusual
for a short period of time.
From the Earth,
the moon will appear to darken
and turn a deep red
before eventually
returning to normal.
This is called a lunar eclipse.
If we were to look
at what happens from space
during an eclipse,
it would go
something like this.
First, the moon passes through
what's called the penumbra,
where the sun's light
is only partially obscured.
This results
in only a slight darkening
of the moon
as the moon continues
along its path.
However, it enters
what's called the Umbra,
where all direct light from
the sun is blocked.
But if the sun is blocked,
why does the moon turn red
when light from the sun
goes by the side of the earth?
It passes through a long
and thick
layer of Earth's atmosphere.
Shorter
wavelengths of sunlight,
like blue,
are scattered
by the atmosphere.
So by the time
the light has finished
its trip to the moon,
more of the longer wavelengths
like red are left over
on the earth.
The same thing happens
at sunset as the ground
you stand on gradually passes.
And tonight,
as the eclipse ends, the moon
leaves, the umbra returns
to its normal color
and then leaves
the penumbra brightening
and resuming its
original cycle.
Overall, the whole process
lasted only
from a few minutes
to a few hours.
So you'll have to be quick
if you. Want to see it.
But as long as you're
willing to stay awake,
you'll catch the moon as
you won't see it too often.
So right now, I'm
joined by
Science Visualizer
and our telescope guru
for tonight's
events, Ernie Wright.
Hi, James.
Thanks so much for joining us.
It's a pleasure to be here.
It's a little bit of
a cloudy night,
but we're still
tracking this from across
the world here.
Right now,
we can actually see a shadow
starting to creep
a little bit across the moon.
Can you tell us
where we are right now
in the process?
Right.
I mean, we're a little bit
more than 50% covered
in the partial phase.
And this is where
the Umbra is starting
to track across the moon.
In this view,
it's a little bit dark,
a little bit farther out
because of the exposure
that they're using.
But over the next
half hour or so,
we should expect this darkness
to completely spread
across the moon.
And then when
they change the exposure,
because the moon
so dim during totality,
hopefully we'll see
some red color there, too.
Very excited about that.
And if you're keeping
score from home
and you want to sync up
your events,
you're outside
at the right moment,
there's a good chance
that you can capture this
from your own backyard.
So we want you out there
sharing your pics
with us as well.
We've got the schedule up here.
Could you just kind of walk us
through
some of the highlights Right.
So before we came
on, even
the partial began
and that's the point
where the Umbra
is starting to cover the moon
about halfway
through our program at 1129,
totality will begin,
and that's when the moon,
all the brightness
will stop dazzling your eyes.
And you can see
sort of that dark red color
at 1129 maximum eclipse.
This is when
the moon is in the middle
of the shadow.
In the deepest part
of the shadow
that occurs about 10 minutes
after we're done here
at 1211 eastern and the eclipse
continues
for another 45 minutes or so.
Yes, it's a longer 185 minutes
or so.
This is not usually the case.
Usually they're pretty short.
So you've got some time
to grab a coffee,
get your camera set up,
you know, why is,
why is this one different,
I guess from the rest
in terms of length.
It has a lot to do
with whether or not it's
going through
the middle of the shadow
or kind of skimming along
the edge.
This eclipse is in the top
25% of eclipses for duration.
So we're
pretty close to the middle.
It gives everybody
lots of chances to go outside.
If it's cloudy
where you are right
now, wait a couple of minutes
and try again.
Yes, we're
just tracking this now.
The conditions are changing
so quickly.
The cloud cover
is kind of moving over.
And as I mentioned,
we really do
want you to capture this moment
for us as well
from your own backyard.
What are some tips for people
to get that best shot?
You know,
with whatever camera
they're using,
you know,
even their cell phone, right.
I mean, for
for one thing,
it should be pointed out
that we don't need
any special equipment
to see it.
You can go outside
with your naked eye
and you can also see it
with binoculars.
But if you want to take
a photograph,
you'll need longer exposure
and you'll want to probably set
your camera not to night mode.
Because if you set it tonight
mode,
it will try to
brighten everything.
And you're only trying to take
a picture of the moon.
If you're able to zoom,
you should do that.
The moon is surprise.
Only small in these pictures.
So if you just take
a regular photograph,
you'll get three pixels of moon
and lots of dark sky.
So right now
you have
your telescope with us,
which is getting a great shot
of the studio lights.
But what is it actually,
what would it
be doing out in the field
if you're
actually having out there?
Right.
And I brought this in
so that if we had clear skies,
we could actually
get a feed from here.
But this is just a three
inch refractor.
There are two basic
kinds of telescope.
A refractor has a big lens
for gathering light
and a reflector
has a big mirror.
And then I've attached
to the telescope
just a regular DSLR,
and there's a special bit
that makes them together.
But this allows the camera
to look through
the telescope
as if the telescope
were a big telephoto lens.
And what we were planning to do
if we had clear
skies, was use
the live view mode
on the camera
and the camera has HDMI out.
And so if you had a crowd
and you didn't
want to line them all up
and look through it
individually,
you could put a TV right
next to the telescope
and everybody could see
it simultaneously,
just like we're looking at it
here.
Again, stuff is really starting
to move a little bit
more here now.
Even since we started talking,
it seems like there's
a little bit
more coverage as well.
So yeah,
and in fact, as time goes on
from minute
to minute, you
should be able to
see some changes
in that shadow.
It's going to move
very quickly,
particularly
when we get close to 1129
you know,
the last little bit of Bright
Moon will be there
and as you're watching it,
you can see
it being covered up,
which is pretty cool.
What can we expect
some of the kind
of reddish color
to start
creeping in here as well
almost before totality starts?
What you really need to do
is kind of
get rid
of all that
very bright moon
because that's
sort of dazzling your eye
this is
thousands of times dimmer,
but once you get into totality,
your eye will adjust.
You know, your eye
has this sort of
automatic exposure control
and you'll be able to see that
red color. Amazing.
And what is the next one
as well?
Next lunar eclipse
here from November.
So anybody who's missing out,
you know,
six months from now,
we'll have another one
to look forward to.
Plenty of time
for this one tonight.
Still two, like we said.
85 minutes for you
to be able to view this one.
So a really good window
for you to get, you know,
nice coffee.
It's a little bit late here.
Maybe bundle up a little bit
if it's cold where you are.
But in the meantime,
I understand
that Joy has some members
of the art of this program
with her to talk a bit
more about
our next mission to the moon.
Hi.
Yes.
So Earth's moon
is the only place beyond Earth
that humans have set fits on
and with NASA's Atmos program,
we're planning to take the
first women
and first person of color
back to the lunar surface.
So to tell us
more about that, I'm
joined by two
with two NASA's experts, Dr.
Ryan Watkins,
who is a program scientist
at NASA's headquarters, and Dr.
Vishnu Viswanathan,
who is a research scientist
at NASA Goddard
thank you
both so much
for joining us today.
Thanks for having us.
Yeah, thanks.
So can you tell us
a little bit about your roles
and what you do at NASA?
Yeah, I'll just start off
by saying
it's a very exciting time
to be a lunar scientist
at NASA.
So at headquarters
in my office,
we manage the Lunar Discovery
and exploration program.
And so under this program falls
the various programs
that are sending
scientific and
technology
development instruments
to the moon
via commercial partners,
as well as on
various international missions
we also do
all the integration
of Artemis Science
within NASA's directorates.
And yeah,
so for my role specifically,
one of the things I do
is just make sure
that our scientific instruments
can meet
their science objectives
and have everything
they need to do.
That is one of many,
many things we do.
But yeah,
so getting science instruments
to the moon
and our teammates is a
large part of what we do.
Hey, I'm a research scientist
here at NASA's
Goddard, and I probably use
like the data sets
that are obtained from science
scientific instruments
that we have send to space
primarily to understand
the interior structure
of a planetary body,
especially the moon
and other planetary bodies
as well.
To put together
a puzzle regarding,
you know, how
regarding the
evolution and formation
of the solar system in general,
you know,
I ask several
questions like, uh,
uh, like, you know,
how is the moon?
Like, was the moon always
how it is,
as we see in the sky today,
was it oriented
in a different manner
compared to
several billion years ago
or, you know, like in know,
does it have a solid inner core
within it?
Like,
like we know for the Earth
and so I I'm facilitated by
several data sets
that we've collected,
such as the lunar laser ranging
data where we fire lasers
to these
mirrors that were left over
on the,
you know, the lunar surface,
the new lunar new side
by our astronauts and
some of the rovers and
as well as the gravity field
of the moon that was mapped
in high resolution by
the NASA Grail mission,
as well as
lunar topography
data, for example,
that's obtained
from the laser altimeter on the
the LRO spacecraft,
which is now in
orbit for like what,
13 years now.
So yeah,
this is just a great time,
as you said,
to be a lunar scientist.
I'm really excited to be here.
So can we talk a bit about what
NASA's plans offer back to you?
Going back to the moon.
So we're taking science
instruments, a rover
and then humans.
Yeah.
So we're actually doing a lot
to get ready
to go back to the moon
right now.
Like you said,
one of the
first things we're doing
besides LRO is sending
scientific instruments
as well as technology
demonstrations to the moon via
the commercial lunar payloads
services program
or Eclipse for short.
And so this is NASA's
way of rapidly
acquiring
commercial delivery services
to the lunar surface.
So we have about seven
of these on deck right now
with over 40 instruments
that it will be
flying to the moon.
And as part of
this is the rover
you mentioned Viper.
So Viper will be roving around
looking for volatiles,
specifically things
such as water, ice
and permanently shadowed
regions on the moon.
So these are areas that either
neither or never
get sunlight or rarely
get any sunlight.
So good places for water,
ice to be contained.
So it will be prospecting
for for these areas.
You know, how much is there?
What what
type of deposits do we see?
And then
how could we possibly use that
for for future
human missions to the moon?
Yes.
And then culminating
with artemisinin,
our first woman
and first person of color
back to the surface of
the moon.
And this is a
question for you Vishnu.
So you study
the moon from Earth is studying
the moon from Earth
during the lunar eclipse
particularly exciting
for your type of research?
Oh, yes. Absolutely.
So, for example, right now,
like doing the full moon
phase, right?
The surface of the moon is
really hot.
It gets heated up
something like
250 degrees Fahrenheit
compared to like
120 degrees Celsius.
So these mirrors
that I was talking about
on the moon,
these are not
optimal temperatures
for, you know, the moon
to operate in.
And so
we saw the performance of these
the optical performance
of these lateral reflectors,
as they're called,
they're diminished
with time, right?
So we wanted this
kind of a window.
This eclipse offers us
this time
window wherein,
you know, the moon passes
through the shadow
of the earth.
So it gives,
you know,
these optical instruments
to kind of cool down.
And this enables us
to make measurements. Right.
And so what
science we can do from
that is that,
you know,
when when
when this
particular configuration
that we are in right now,
which is,
you know, the sun, earth
and the moon,
this enables us
to make very high
precision tests of,
you know,
the universality of freefall.
So during the Apollo 15,
I believe the commander
David Scott,
he he dropped
a feather and a hammer
at the same time
to demonstrate that
so that, you
know, all objects fall
in the gravitational field
at the same time.
And similarly,
what we're doing here with this
laser ranging measurements
is that we're trying to make
use of the moon
and the earth as test bodies
in this gravitational field.
And so as to measure
the falling of,
you know,
this earthen moon system
into the gravitational
field of the sun.
So by measuring and comparing
what we predict
with theory versus
what we observe
with these laser
ranging observations,
we are able to put a number
to those limits
on how accurately
was, you know,
the theory of universality
of freefall based on which,
you know, Einstein
formulated his
theory of general relativity.
So this is really a
fascinating time.
And I,
I just spoke
with one of the uh,
one of the observers
in Gras station in France.
And if the weather's
clear there,
they might be collecting
some amazing data
for us to analyze yeah.
I think this new well
if you don't already know,
I'll be very excited to know
that we're sending more
of these retro reflectors
via the eclipse.
So you're going to have lots
more science. Oh, yeah.
I'm really excited
about that opportunity. Great.
That's fantastic.
So the last time we set a crude
mission to the moon
was about 50 years ago.
So why is it important
that we send humans
back to the moon?
Yeah,
there's a lot of
really important reasons
to send humans back.
So the last time we were
there was with Apollo
and most of the Apollo
or sorry,
all of the Apollo
missions were kind of
in the equatorial region
of the moon.
So with Artemus,
we'll be going down
to the South Polar Region
and much like on Earth,
if you travel to
another country,
you know, often
you know, the rocks
there are completely different.
There's just a whole new area.
So also on the moon,
you go down to the South Pole,
there's only rocks
of different composition
and it's going to be
possibly colder in some areas.
There's a lot of
different types
of science questions
that we will answer there.
Also, we'll just be developing
the technologies
and demonstrating the things
we need to to live
for longer periods of time.
On another planetary body
and really helping prepare
ourselves to go to Mars.
So talking about
long term space travel,
we had some really
exciting news the other day.
Scientists had successfully
grown plants
from regolith,
which is lunar soil.
What does that mean
for future astronauts?
Yeah, yeah.
So for those who didn't hear,
we grew our first plants
in lunar regolith
and this is really exciting.
Scientist
hadn't done this before.
A lunar regolith doesn't
have the nutrients and water
like like we have here on Earth
to readily grow plants.
So there's still some work
we have to do to understand
why the plants
grew differently than they did.
And, you know, typical
Earth like conditions.
But yeah, it's really exciting.
It could open up
a lot of possibilities for us
to potentially
grow our own plants
when we get back to the moon.
So we're nearing totality.
I have ever seen
a lunar eclipse before.
I not that I can remember.
No, I have not either.
So it's really, really
we're all really excited
in the studio today.
So let's dig
into some questions
we're getting online
on social media.
So let's see who we
what questions we have.
We have a question
from a midsummer on Twitter
now ask,
is there a delay in real time
for data from the moon
like how
there is an 8 million
minute delay from the sun?
Yes.
And so this is precisely
the time that we measure
with the laser data, right?
So it takes 2.5 seconds
for a light beam
to go from Earth,
bounce back that,
you know, these mirrors
and come back
to those telescopes.
So which means that, you know,
one way
would be like half of
that value.
1.2, 5 seconds.
Wow.
Pretty fast
compared to, you know,
the 8 minutes.
Yeah, much faster.
And so on.
Next,
we have a next question
from Trevor on Twitter.
When they ask,
why does the moon turn red
during an eclipse?
Yeah.
So the moon
we call this a blood moon
when it turns
red during an eclipse.
And this is
because as as
the earth is blocking
the sun's light,
the sun's sunlight
is still passing
through Earth's atmosphere.
And when this happens,
you're kind of bluer.
Wavelengths of light
get scattered
by Earth's atmosphere,
but the red
wavelengths of light
still pass through
and that's the wavelength
of light
you're seeing reflected off
the surface of the moon.
It's much like
reflecting back earth
sunrises and sunsets, in
a sense.
OK, so our
next question is
from Musical Wolves on YouTube.
And they ask,
why does a total lunar eclipse
sorry,
what does a total lunar eclipse
look like from
the international space
station?
Well, I think they
will definitely enjoy
a more clearer view
because, you know, there's no
atmosphere up
there, right, from the
International Space Station.
So I think
it's going to look like
how we see it on Earth,
but just
beautiful, much more prettier
because, you know, it's
without
without all the atmosphere
and between the clouds
like we have today here.
And Sydney asks,
why are we going back to
the moon?
It's a great question.
Some of the reasons I mentioned
before,
the different variety
of science questions
that we can answer.
You know,
the moon isn't really
a been there, done that place.
The South Polar Region is
is a whole new area
we haven't explored yet.
There are resources there
that weren't
really available to us
for the Apollo missions, again,
because of
the presence of water
ice in the south polar area.
So we can really demonstrate
how we can pull out
these resources
and use them for
for water
or even for making rocket fuel
that can
then send us on to Mars.
But but yeah,
so a lot of it is is,
you know, the science
and then also just
developing these technologies
and getting that experience
we need in order to go on to
places like Mars and beyond.
OK, so our next question
is from Denise Wright,
an Earth
and space science teacher
from Myrtle Beach
in South Carolina.
And they ask
how much does
the surface temperature
of the moon
drop on that side
that we are seeing during this
eclipse?
Oh, OK.
I think it's about a few
tens of Kelvin.
At least
you will get that duration,
which,
you know,
I know the
the entire
it takes about when
during a full moon phase,
it goes up to like
250 degree Fahrenheit,
which is, you know, it's like,
um, hundred and 20 Celsius.
But I think, yeah, I'm
not very familiar
with the exact value
because, you know,
this is a very long eclipse,
which means like,
you know, it's
not sufficient
time to cool down,
but the, it takes
time for the Lunar Regular
to respond to it.
You know, there's
some thermal inertia to it.
So I'd say a couple of
degrees to as I guess.
I don't have a better guess.
OK, so I have a question
from Trevor
Pullinger on Twitter
and they asking on
behalf of the Planet
Kids, has
anyone ever been on the moon
during a lunar eclipse?
Great question.
I believe the answer is no.
I don't
I don't know if what happened
during Apollo or not.
I'd actually
I'm not entirely sure,
but I imagine if they had been,
they would have gotten
a good image for us.
I think, you know, what
what they would be
seeing during
the lunar eclipse is like a
just like during
the solar eclipse.
You know,
when when you get the totality,
you see that annular
ring around the moon.
Similarly, you can expect,
you know,
when we during a lunar eclipse,
if you were to be on
the surface of the moon
looking at the earth,
it would be such
a fantastic view
because you'll see,
you know,
not that horizon sunset
that we see on Earth, but,
you know,
it'd be like a ring of sunset
right around around the around
the earth with,
you know,
the sun in the background.
I think it's a
spectacular view.
You know, I'd
I'd love to be there.
In that place to see that view.
Yeah.
So that would be so
that would be
like a red ring around Earth.
Is that what you mean?
Yes, I think so. Yeah.
That's how it would look like.
I believe only only. Right.
You know,
it got it
would you know, I'm
you has made a simulation
on this
that shows
that particular video,
you know, check that out.
OK, so
we have a question
from young ya'll.
May, may
when we go back to the moon
will we set up
as a permanent settlement yeah.
So so
we are looking
at establishing a lunar base
on the moon,
you know, having more,
you know, permanent
or semi-permanent architecture
that we can
then go to
on a more frequent basis,
you know, send
or you know, crews
on a regular basis
to habitats and,
and have long duration rovers
and things like that.
So yes, it's
definitely something
that NASA's working towards.
Well, fantastic.
OK, so
our next question
is from Arnab on Twitter.
And they ask,
is a lunar mission
launch possible
during a lunar eclipse?
I mean, not during the launch,
but while it's in orbit
and maneuvering
to get into the lunar orbits.
I don't see
a reason why not.
Yeah.
I mean,
I think communication
with Earth
is one of the most important
things and and good conditions
to launch off
or so the lunar eclipse
shouldn't affect
those things in.
So do
you think there's a chance
for any future
lunar missions
to do for that to happen?
Yeah,
I think the really exciting
I mean, yeah,
you know, there's
there's cool visuals
and probably
physical science,
you know, that could be done.
OK, so our next question is
from Snazzy Zaza on Twitter.
And they ask
with the optimist crew, deal
with any abnormalities
if they were on the moon
during a lunar eclipse.
For example,
extra radiation from the sun.
I think one of the difficulties
that they would
potentially face is, you know,
the lack of light, right?
Because, you know,
you have
a good
amount of sunlight coming in.
If they were to be in the,
you know, inside
and suddenly
it would be like a, you know,
a diminished light
or a much dimmer light
than, you know,
they are enjoying do.
And I just hope
they're not in one of those
permanently shattered
reasons when well, you know,
when they're doing that.
So but I think
I think that's that's about it.
Yeah.
And I think
I think one thing
to remember, too,
is that generally
these eclipses
are not very long.
You know,
the one tonight is
is quite a bit longer than than
what we typically see.
But usually
they're on the order
of a few minutes.
So, you know, even again,
you light
the lack of light
could be probably
the biggest issue
to be concerned with.
OK, so we're going to be
taking more of your questions
later on in the show.
But we are nearing
totality now,
which is really,
really exciting.
So let's head back to James
to see where we are,
what we're seeing on the feeds
and what other people around
the world are seeing.
Yeah, Joe,
this is the big moment.
You know,
if you're keeping score at home
or just about 4 minutes away
from the main event totality.
And if I swipe back
to the screen here,
we've been tracking
this view
for the past couple of minutes
here in Orses at Morocco.
They have a beautiful, clear
night there in the desert
right now.
You can see
just the last little sliver
of brightness here before
the moon is eclipsed here
for us.
And we're starting to get
some really interesting
reddish color creeping across.
And just before we went on,
you were telling me
something interesting
about the times
that we were displaying there.
There is, you know,
they're not down
to the exact second.
You know,
we haven't met like 1129.
Why is that?
You know, not precise for us.
Right.
You would think that we know
the geometry of the shadow
and we can just
figure that out.
But it turns out that
the width of the shadow
at the moon
is affected by the atmosphere.
And of course
the atmosphere on earth
is constantly changing
it enlarges the shadow
by about one to 2%,
but for each eclipse
it's a little bit different.
So when we do
the calculations, we
use an average value but
we don't
know precisely what
that number is going to be
until it actually happens.
And this is actually something
that citizen scientists
can help with
while the shadow is moving
across.
You can time
when that edge hits each crater
and you can do that
at the end of totality as well.
And this sort of pins down
the size of that shadow.
And so, I mean,
I think it's probably
surprising to people
that we're not certain
to the millisecond
when these things
are going to happen.
But, you know,
science is a little bit messy
sometimes
and we don't
even fully understand
all of the effects
that are changing
the size of that shadow.
So it's
it's an ongoing question. Yeah.
And we've been watching them
kind of adjusting the exposure
bit of the camera here
to get this really dark
area of the moon
and a couple of our other feeds
as well.
Being kind of
doing the same pattern as well
here, too,
can tell us a little bit
about this
red color
we're seeing starting
to come up here.
If I'm understanding
correctly, it's a projection
of all the sunrises
and sunsets. It absolutely is.
Imagine how beautiful
that would be
to be on the moon and see.
Yeah,
this is a color
that's coming
from all the sunrises
and sunsets.
It's the it's
the light filtered
through the atmosphere.
All the blue light is
scattered away.
The red light
is sort of refracted
into that total shadow.
And so that's
why it's appearing red.
It's very possible
that the color of this eclipse
is somewhat darker than usual
because of an eruption
in Tonga
in December and January.
The number of aerosols,
particles in the atmosphere
can affect the darkness.
And so there's a scale
that we rate the darkness.
The scale
goes from zero to four.
The scale
was invented by an astronomer
named Dan John. Right.
And so that's another thing
that people can do.
They can go outside
and sort of judge
the darkness of this
compared to other eclipses
and this one's
looking a little dark. Yeah.
If you're a
bit luckier than us at home
and you don't have cloud cover,
what kind of things
can you see with the naked eye
just looking up at the moon
at this point? Right.
You know, I think
even with the naked eye,
you can distinguish
the dark parts of the moon
from the brighter parts.
The dark parts
are called Moray.
And these are places
where lava has infill
large depressions.
So this is Tranquility
where Apollo 11 landed
and Serenity is next to it.
And Ibrahim is up here
these are basalt.
These are like volcanic rocks,
and they're very dark.
You think of
black beaches in Hawaii.
So you have
a geology background,
you know about this
and then the
the lighter parts
are called highlands.
And these are older.
They're more heavily cratered,
but they're not
filled with lava.
And so that's something
you can notice right away
just with the naked eye.
And looking at my watch
right now,
it is 1129
here on the East Coast.
This is the moment
we've all been waiting
for totality here.
There's just that last
little bit of sliver
of light here.
So we're just going to sit back
and watch this moment happen.
We wish we could be doing this
from outside here
in the rock
and rolling Gotthard
would be really nice.
But, you know,
this is still
an incredible view here
from AWS as well.
And one of the things
that you'll notice,
I mean, this bright part
is just because
of the difference in exposure.
So this part of the moon
right here
is closer to the center
of the shadow
in that towards darker.
So throughout totality,
you're going to see the
sort of gradient
from one side to the other.
And so if you're at home,
you know,
this is the moment
to run outside.
Keep us in your back
pocket
listening on your headphones
as you've run out there
to take some pictures
for some play by play.
But what are some tips
for this moment?
You kind of win
over some earlier
here, but,
you know,
this is the moment
to take a picture
and share it with us
wherever you're watching
this, right?
Well,
and the lovely thing
about a total lunar eclipse
is that it
lasts for a little while.
So this is an opportunity
just to get outside.
It's an outdoor activity.
You bring a lawn chair
and you kind of sit back
and you think about the fact
that we're
in the Earth's shadow
every night.
But this night
you are sharing that shadow
with a body
that's a quarter of a million
miles away.
It's the same shadow,
which is kind of cool.
And I can't help
but think about what
that view would look like
on the moon.
You know,
imagine if you're an astronaut
up there observing that
I yeah, I would love that.
I think it was mentioned
a little earlier.
A question came in about
whether or not Apollo
or any astronaut had seen
a total solar,
a total lunar eclipse
from the moon.
Almost
a plan
for one of the Apollo
missions was to leaves
the TV
camera pointed
at the earth,
and an eclipse
is going to take place
a few days later,
but the camera malfunctioned
and now didn't
have that opportunity.
So it's
another of the thousand reasons
to go back.
I think
the opportunity to see it from
there would just be amazing.
Yeah.
And some questions
are coming in
from social media here.
As well
to James Ito on Twitter asks,
how often
does this type of lunar
eclipse occur?
So total lunar eclipses
happen about every six months,
but they're not always visible
from where you are.
The nice thing
about lunar eclipses
is that half
the earth can see them,
but it might not be the
half you happen to be in.
So mostly every six months.
Sometimes
it's five months in between,
and sometimes you
can have two in a row and
occasionally that's six months.
Pattern is sort of broken.
And what you get
is sort of partial
and permanent roll in less
interesting eclipse.
Yes. For a little while.
And then suddenly
you get a string
of totals again.
Amazing.
And you've had a chance
to really study
the moon up
close with some of the missions
from NASA,
like the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter,
to get some really cool
visualizations.
Can you tell us a bit more
about some of those types
of things? Right.
So this is actually
what I do here.
I've been working
with Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter Data
since it launched in 2009.
And LRO
is creating global
maps of the moon
that are
way more detailed
than anything we had before.
I think people
had the impression
that since Apollo
we had the moon all figured out
and we actually knew almost
nothing about it.
I mean, we
we landed in six
pinpoints on the surface,
and that's
what we got from Apollo.
But LRO has been mapping
the entire moon.
We have
millions of pictures
of the surface.
We have
very detailed
shape of the surface.
We have a record of
how the temperature
changes on the surface.
And this also tells us
something about
we've got another.
Well, yeah, yeah.
Views coming in here.
This is from San Diego.
It looks like a
beautiful clear night
there as well to which,
you know, we've got
some questions
here on social media.
Robert Schlosser is asking,
does this eclipse here
affect the tides?
San Diego,
they'd be concerned about that
with some surfing.
You know,
how's that going to affect
their surfing? Occasionally?
I mean, there are
there are king tides
and these are things
that happen during full moons
and new moons.
The eclipse
isn't special in
that in that respect,
but it is one of those times
where you might get
a little bit of a tidal effect,
but it won't be enormous.
You know,
you don't have to worry about,
you know, tidal waves
or anything silly like that.
Yeah. Yeah.
Let's check on
some of the other
feeds here, too.
So this is San Diego.
I'm going to
check back on Rome,
which they look like
they have a little bit of cloud
cover.
You've got some buildings
there.
You're mentioning that
if this was a little bit
clearer,
you'd be able to see the moon,
you know, perched right there.
Yeah,
because the moon is
setting in Rome,
it would be low in the sky.
And so that was an opportunity
to maybe catch the moon with
all of this
beautiful architecture
there just a little bit.
Maybe it will
come into focus here
in a second.
While they're doing
that, let's
let's scroll down here
and check out some
the other ones here.
This is one
from Cartersville, Georgia.
The first one
I opened with tonight
here, too.
They got some beautiful
red color here, too.
And so there's
quite a gradient of the color
here as well.
You're mentioning that scale
that national scale
as well, right?
Yeah.
And so you can tell right away
that the part of the moon
that's deepest in
the shadow
is over on this side.
This is something else
that you can see
with the naked eye. And it
you know,
the fields
don't fully capture it
if you're able to go outside
and see it with your naked eye.
The color is amazing.
Something I've noticed with
a couple of these total
lunar eclipses
is that the moon looks weirdly
almost transparent.
It looks like you can see
space behind it.
It's not really,
but it's an effect of
that sort of color
gradient and the dark red
and the surprising
darkness of the moon.
I mean, this is right
way darker
than a normal full moon.
So it just looks weird.
And that's one of the things
that's fun about it. Exactly.
Yeah.
It's different every time.
And like we were saying,
we were noticing
the settings of people's
cameras kind of changing here
to capture that darkness.
It was really stark.
I mean, there's parts
that were just
completely blown out,
just a really capture,
you know, the darkness.
Right, right.
And so let's check back
on that room
and see if they've kind of pull
this up again.
Still looks a little bit
cloudy here,
but we're back to the Baraka
one here,
which this has been kind of
the winner of the night for me.
I've really loved this view
that really has been
really beautiful weather. Yeah.
Tycho is very visible
right here.
This is a crater.
This is a young crater
in the southern
hemisphere of the moon.
And you can see the rays
in full moon.
But during a total eclipse,
they look even
more spectacular, I think.
So a question on Twitter,
which is kind of a
tricky question here.
So Abbey asks,
what's the rarest moon event
that's the kind of thing
that you want to go back
in the almanac
and sort of check through it.
But a kind of unusual
thing happened
just six months ago.
The November eclipse
was a 99% partial.
Oh, wow.
It was so close. Yeah.
Just edging it there,
just getting over to the edge.
So it would have
looked like this,
but with a bright
sort of limb there.
And it never quite
made it into the shadow.
That's pretty unusual.
You know, certain
solar eclipses
are unusual, too.
But to really answer
that question, we'd
have to go back to the records
and find out
what the craziest thing was.
Yeah, yeah.
One more question here
from from Twitter as well here.
Amber asks,
Have there ever been both solar
and lunar eclipses
in the same year?
Yes, absolutely.
In fact,
that's not uncommon at all.
The every
six months is actually
when we're in eclipse seasons
and so both solar
and lunar eclipses can happen.
There was a partial
solar eclipse
just two weeks ago, OK,
and that was visible
in the southern hemisphere,
if I remember correctly.
But that's not unusual at all.
In fact, it's
very common
to have them paired together.
So a solar eclipse
either two weeks
before or two weeks
after a total lunar eclipse
and we've been talking
about the moon
quite a bit, obviously,
throughout the night here.
But let's learn a bit
more about
why we're going
to be going back to the moon
just to study
so much more science.
We are going
the history of this agency
is marked with broken barriers,
once viewed as impossible
with science fiction
turned reality,
with innovations that have spun
industries all their own,
and with demonstrations
of peace for all humankind.
We saw
in the skies of our home planet
we maintain a human presence
just outside of gravity
and we touch points
all across the solar system
and beyond.
We're going back to the moon.
And this is why.
The moon is a treasure
trove of science.
It holds opportunities
for us to make discoveries
about our home planet,
about our sun,
and about our solar system.
The wealth of knowledge
to be gleaned from
the moon
will inspire a new generation
of thought and action
without fail.
Every major program and mission
NASA has invested in
has led to technologies
and capabilities
that have shaped our culture.
The breakthroughs
of the Artemus
era will define our generation
and the generations to follow
the tens of.
Thousands of jobs associated
with propelling us to the moon.
Today are just the.
Beginning of a lunar economy.
That will see hundreds
of thousands of new jobs
develop around the world.
This is not an ambition
of one entity or one country.
The exploration of the moon
as a shared effort.
Woven together
by a desire
for the greater good.
Why the moon?
Because the missions
of tomorrow will be sparked
by the accomplishments
of the heart
of this generation today.
Because the ambition to go
has already begun.
And because Mars is calling.
We need to learn what it takes
to establish a community
on another cosmic shore.
So let's camp close
before pushing out.
And so
we go to the moon
now, not as
a series of isolated missions.
But to build a community
on and around the moon
capable of proving
how to live on other worlds.
We'll use the lessons
for more than 50 years
of peaceful exploration
to send a new generation
to the lunar surface to stay.
We will anchor our efforts
on the Lunar
South Pole
to establish the autonomous
base camp,
positioning us
for long term science
and exploration.
On the lunar surface.
We will prove what it takes
to assemble a complex ship
in deep space.
We will perfect
the sending down to
and returning from a distance.
We will learn how humans
can survive
and thrive
in a partial gravity
environment.
With improved spacesuit
designs.
Mobile habitats,
and with
reconnaissance
robots pre-positioning
and relocating supplies,
we will learn how to utilize
the resources
we find on these little rocks,
starting with finding water
and purifying it
to drinkable water.
And finding that
until hydrogen capsule
and oxygen to meet,
we will establish
fusion power plants
on the surface of the moon,
capable of supporting
a growing community of x rays.
And we will span the logistics
supply chain
to enable commercial
and international partners.
To resupply and refuel
deep space outposts.
None of this
is simple or easy
but nothing in our history
ever has been proven globally.
But we got a bunch of guys
about to turn blue.
We're breathing again.
Thanks a lot.
For this kind of continue
with lunar presence
as a natural extension
of all
that we've
learned in low Earth orbit
and what we will accomplish
there will ensure
the monumental missions
to Mars are within reach.
As we ready
the launch of the first Arden
Miss Mission
and as commercial companies
ready their lunar lander
for the first private
payload deliveries,
we have already begun to take.
The next step.
Hello.
So we just had a look at all
the feeds
and the total lunar
eclipse looks
absolutely stunning.
What did you guys think
was amazing? Yes.
Oh, I think
when I first saw Morakot,
the feeds
coming in from Morocco,
I was like, OK,
this is the winner. For today.
But you just showed me
another image from Rome,
and I just changed my mind.
And that's like really
a reddish nice hue
across the entire moon and
such beautiful images
yeah.
So we have a
lot of questions online.
So let's dig in.
Let's see.
So we have a viewer who asks,
what kind of new
and better equipment
do you need to
have to return to the moon
and when will astronauts
arrive on it?
Yeah, there's
a lot of different
and new equipment
or improved equipment
that we're looking
at for the moon.
One of which
I think I've mentioned
a few times
is that we're looking
at using the resources
that are on the moon.
We haven't done this before.
So all sorts
of new technologies,
whether it's drills
or just systems
that can extract oxygen
and water and things from that,
from the lunar regolith,
these are all new systems.
We're improving things
like our precision landing.
You know how accurately
can you land
where you want to land
and how how
well can you avoid obstacles
like craters
and boulders and things?
So those are some things
really to landing.
But yeah,
a different
sampling techniques
for the astronauts,
but all sorts
of new technologies,
which is really exciting
because these will be useful
for Mars
and also for our lives on Earth
as far as when
they're getting there
NASA's targeting 20, 25
for our first group mission.
And so you mentioned
it will be useful
for us on Earth.
Could you tell us more?
Yeah.
I mean I don't have a lot of
specific examples
off the top of my head,
but you know,
for the Apollo program,
for example,
we call them spinoffs.
There are
all these technologies
that NASA developed
for the lunar program
that then became useful.
And I think tennis
shoes are a
good example of one.
I don't know
if you have any other examples
you can think of off the top
of your head.
Or something right now, but
yeah, I think so.
I think
the thermal
blankets that were used for
the entire
during the Apollo
space program in the space
race are being
heavily used on the
for a variety of purposes.
And even these retro
reflectors I'm sorry,
I keep going back
to those reflectors.
That's what they do for work.
So, you know,
when I explain it
to some like a child,
what do I do?
I, I make them look at,
you know, all these,
you know, on the roll
as you travel,
when you shine your head light
and then it comes back
right at you.
And those are miniature
versions of the same thing
by just that.
They're not space gray, right?
They're ready to go to space.
But yeah, there's
there's a whole lot of,
um, you know, equipments
which were developed
during the space race
and, you know, the Apollo era,
which is being used right now
on alert for,
to make our lives better.
Fantastic.
So we
have a
question from
Charlie Koch from YouTube.
And they asked,
can you tell us
the difference
between a solar
and lunar eclipse?
Of course.
Mm hmm.
So during
a lunar eclipse,
what comes between,
you know, the
the sun and the moon is
is the earth.
So, you know,
that's what
we're witnessing today.
And similarly,
for the solar eclipse,
what we have in between
the object in between
is the moon.
And it's not safe to look at,
you know, by the
the solar eclipse.
But you know, it's very safe
to look at the moon.
So I encourage
you all to go out
and look at the moon,
get a chance to.
Yeah.
And and
what are the differences
when you
when you look in the sky?
Because they look pretty
they look pretty different.
Right.
In one of them, you know,
you have
the sun in the background.
So it could be a
you know, during the daylight.
Right.
And then suddenly
it goes all dim here on.
I know when this is
the solar eclipse
and, um, and lunar eclipse,
you know,
they usually I mean,
to have a lunar eclipse
you need a full moon.
Uh, right.
Uh, to get that configuration
for that eclipse.
And so these
are typically visible at night.
So that's one of the difference
that I can think of.
OK, so we have a
question from Jack
and he asks,
how much do we know
about the far side of the moon
mapping, geography, et cetera?
Has a satellite
sustained a double orbit
around the moon in order to map
the surface?
And has that ever been done?
Yes, a great question.
So, yes, of Apollo, obviously,
those were all near side
missions,
but we do know a lot
about the far side as well.
We have the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
LRO has been orbiting the moon
for almost 13 years now.
And yeah,
doing a lot of the mapping
that was
there was asked
about mapping topography.
We had grail that map,
the gravity data of the moon.
So we don't have you know,
we haven't
had any surface missions
from the U.S.
to the far side of the moon.
We haven't returned
those samples.
We have a lot of really
great orbital instruments
that tell us things
about about the composition
and the and the topography.
We know that there's
not as many
volcanic areas on
the far side of the moon.
We know the crust is thicker.
Uh, I think the composition
is a bit different,
but we don't really know why.
So there's a lot
of good reasons to go go
explore the far side as well.
OK, and so Kelsey on Twitter
asks,
My eight year old
Niko is asking,
when is the artist mission
going to the moon?
Great question. Nico, yeah.
So it
depends on
which part of this mission
you're talking about.
We'll have our
our Uncarrier demo this year
and then our of our
first astronauts
will hopefully be
on the surface in 20, 25.
OK so our next question is from
Tiffany on Twitter.
And they ask
what is the moon's core
made of.
Oh I'm so,
you know,
the moon's core
so if few depends on
how deep you're going. Right.
So we know from
initially from again
lunar laser ranging data
uh by looking at
orientation in space
we kind of figured out by
you know,
monitoring these retro
reflectors.
We have about five of them.
We've been monitoring them
very closely
over a long bit of time
and we were able to,
you know,
reconstruct
the orientation of the moon
predicted and compare
with observations.
So when you stick in
a liquid core
in that model, it,
it very well
agrees with the data set
and this is one of the,
you know, findings from a lunar
initially from the lunar laser
ranging data.
But it was also later
confirmed by,
you know, reanalysis of
seismic data
that was collected from
the Apollo mission.
So indeed, it's made out of
a liquid core, but there is
an expectation that
there could potentially
be also a solid inner core
within that liquid core,
just like for the Earth.
And this is a currently,
you know,
in research
and we still don't have
a very strong evidence
suggesting that the moon has a
solid core.
But some of the samples
that were returned from,
you know, the moon
during the Apollo missions um,
they had remnant magnetism
in them.
And, you know,
those are signs
that at some point in time
the moon had
an active magnetic field
and so that
potentially magnetized
these rocks that were returned.
But currently
we know that there's
no magnetization,
you know, there's no active
magnetic field.
So, you know, it's
which suggests that there's a
potentially s
maybe a very small
solid in the core,
which is, you know, um,
so it's definitely an active
topic of research
and we are seeking
answers to this.
Well,
you know,
several of the missions
that Ryan was talking about,
uh, so yeah, it's,
we know for sure
there's a liquid core,
but a solid core.
Yeah.
I, my bet is indeed
there is but you know,
we want evidence for it.
We have scientists of
we want evidence
that's fascinating.
So we have a lot more questions
to get to later on in the show.
But let's go back to
James and Ernie right now
to see what
the lunar eclipse in totality
looks like around the world.
Yeah. Thanks so much, Joy.
We were just looking at a feed
from Nebraska a second ago.
It just switched off,
but they had the most red
looking moon.
It was incredible.
It was beautiful, wasn't it?
Yeah,
we were tracking this earlier.
The weather looked really nice
for Nebraska,
so they must have
had a beautiful, clear
night there.
Yeah.
In fact,
I was saying earlier tonight
that that's
that's the clear
part of the country.
That's the part
that's not affected by clouds.
And it turned out
somebody was there watching.
That's amazing. Yeah.
And so a couple of questions.
Have come in on Twitter as well
here, too.
And I think
you can really speak to this
very well.
Karthik asks,
why do lunar eclipses
happen rarely
and not every 28 days. Right.
That's a great question.
And it's because the moon's
orbit is slightly tilted. So
five out of the six
months,
the moon is going to pass
either underneath the shadow
or above it.
It's only when you get that
tilt oriented just right
so that the moon is going
right along that line
that connects the earth
and the sun
that you get lunar eclipses
and solar eclipses as well.
Those are related.
So a lunar eclipse is always
the full moon.
Solar eclipse
is always the new moon.
So they're at opposite
ends of the orbit.
But that's what eclipse season
really means.
It's when that tilt is oriented
in such a way
that it's sort of crossing
through the center line.
Got it. Amazing.
And, you know,
if you're just tuning in to
this is really going on
quite a bit longer
after our broadcast
here as well, too.
So, you know, stick around.
Put on another pot of coffee
if it's getting late for you
wherever you are in the world
and just take your time
to observe
and really enjoy this view.
Here to another question
from Twitter from Lucas.
He asks,
How do you
calculate the
next lunar eclipse
or any eclipse for that matter?
So that's something
that we've actually
gotten very good at the the
calculation of the
position of the moon,
the earth and the sun.
And these are
the critical elements
that you need
in order to understand
when an eclipse
is going to happen.
We can predict those 100,
hundred
or more years into the future.
And what you need to do
is just roll that clock forward
while you're
doing the calculation
and find out where
everything lines up again.
And that's basically
how you do it.
A little bit dark here.
This is San Diego.
Oh, there is the fire.
This is the one
that's going to be
ask us for this one up here.
Yeah.
This is an absolutely stunning
view out in the plains
in Nebraska.
A gorgeous, gorgeous shot
here of the moon.
Really love this one as well.
And so unfortunately, here,
it's state cloudy for us.
A lot of thunderstorms.
But I was actually able
to visit the moon
from our own
Goddard visitor center.
It was a lot of fun.
You know,
we got a nice close up
view of it here,
hoping for a better weather,
you know, for the next lunar
eclipse down the line
here as well.
So we'll
see how that goes as well.
Joy, how was your trip
up the space today?
Yes, I highly recommend
going to NASA's
visitor center
in Greenbelt, Maryland,
to go to the moon
yourself as well.
So we have a lot more questions
from social media.
So let's let's get chatting.
We have a question from T.J.
on Twitter.
And they ask,
why do we have to
wear special glasses
during a solar eclipse
but not during a lunar eclipse?
Well,
you know, the solar eclipse
during a solar eclipse
looking at,
you know, the sun in the sky.
And you really don't
want to
look at the sun directly
because of all
the harmful radiation
such as like you relied
exhaustion
that's coming in at all times.
He's never looked at the sun.
Right.
So even
during the total eclipse,
what happens
is, you know,
you get that really drop in
you know, sunlight.
And so you have
you have a very,
really dark place.
And suddenly when the moon,
you know, moves away
you get this sudden bright
so this can damage your eyes.
So that's why they recommend
you do wear
a filter.
Whereas for the lunar eclipse,
you're looking at it
just like looking at a moon
during a full moon or
awaiting, you know,
uh, um,
during the other phases of
the moon is that
is the, the light
which is balanced off
from the sun
and then coming to you.
So that's much less bright.
You know,
they're not as harmful as that,
uh, looking
at the solar eclipse.
OK, so we have a question
from Gnip Per on NASA's
moon, Facebook
and they ask, with the moon
receding from the earth
about two centimeters per year,
how old was long
will it be
until there will be no total
eclipses
or by mega coincidence,
will the sun
shrink at the same ratio?
Really great question.
And I
don't know that I know
the answer.
Can we show that one
over to Ernie.
I think I mean, it's
we can make that calculation
because, you know,
we have the models
that can extrapolate
it based on
the current datasets
that we have to the future.
Uh, but, you know,
at some point
we are going to be able to
witness like, uh, a total
solar eclipse either
because, you know,
we will have the moon
becoming smaller
and smaller as it goes away.
But it's a calculation
that needs to be done
before it can be and.
It won't be in our lifetimes.
Yeah.
OK, so we have another question
moreso to like how electronic
on YouTube asks,
is there gravity on the moon?
Yes, the gravity on
the moon is one sixth
that of earth.
So that's why
we see
videos of the Apollo astronauts
like and look like
they're hopping around
kind of almost in slow motion.
Like is there?
There is gravity is not quite
quite as strong as ours.
OK, so we have
Louden on Twitter
and that's
why a lunar eclipse
is only visible
from Saturn locations.
Oh, I think, um, so it
to be in that shadowed region.
Right.
So, um,
the moon's
orbit is slightly incline.
So what happens is
there are only
specific points in the orbit
where you can have that shadow.
So as long as, uh, you know,
the moon is visible
in the sky
when the moon is passing
through that,
uh, you know,
shadow of the earth,
you'll be able to
be able to see that
and that's probably why.
OK, so that is all we have time
for today.
Thank you both so much
for answering everyone's
questions online.
Yeah, thanks for having us.
Yeah, pleasure.
And thank you to everyone
joining us at home for this
remarkable experience.
Remember totality
ends at 12:54 a.m.
Eastern Time.
So if it's not cloudy
where you are,
I recommend
you head outside
and check out the Red Moon
If you want to learn
more about the moon, head
to moon, dot, NASA dot gov.
And if you want to learn
about NASA's latest research
around the moon,
follow us on NASA's moon
on Facebook, and Twitter.
And we will be continuing
to stream
the lunar eclipse on the moon
dot nasa.gov.
So head over there
so you can check out
the lunar eclipse
at different locations
across the world
and mark it calendars
for the next lunar eclipse,
which will be on November 8th.
Until then, see you next time.