1 00:00:18,151 --> 00:00:45,979 [MUSIC] 2 00:00:45,979 --> 00:00:48,782 3 00:00:48,782 --> 00:00:51,401 4 00:00:51,468 --> 00:00:53,303 >> A LONG TIME AGO ALL WE COULD 5 00:00:53,369 --> 00:00:55,405 DO IS LOOK UP AT THE STARS AND 6 00:00:55,472 --> 00:00:56,639 WONDER WHAT THEY WERE. 7 00:00:56,706 --> 00:00:58,208 THEN WE LEARNED WITH THE HELP OF 8 00:00:58,274 --> 00:00:59,809 TELESCOPES AND TECHNOLOGY TO 9 00:00:59,876 --> 00:01:02,479 EXTEND OUR HUMAN SENSES FURTHER. 10 00:01:02,545 --> 00:01:04,247 FURTHER THAN THOSE FIRST HUMANS 11 00:01:04,314 --> 00:01:05,381 COULD IMAGINE. 12 00:01:05,448 --> 00:01:06,950 BUT WE HAVE NOT REACHED THE END 13 00:01:07,016 --> 00:01:07,650 YET. 14 00:01:07,717 --> 00:01:09,786 WE KNOW THERE ARE MORE WONDERS 15 00:01:09,853 --> 00:01:11,054 OUT THERE AND WE KNOW THERE IS 16 00:01:11,121 --> 00:01:12,222 FURTHER TO SEE. 17 00:01:12,288 --> 00:01:17,794 IF WE SEEK NEW VIEWS OF OUR 18 00:01:17,861 --> 00:01:21,231 UNIVERSE, HUMANITY NEEDS FRESH 19 00:01:21,297 --> 00:01:22,899 EYES TO SEE THE UNIVERSE IN A 20 00:01:22,966 --> 00:01:24,768 WAY WE NEVER HAVE BEFORE. 21 00:01:24,834 --> 00:01:27,237 WELCOME TO GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT 22 00:01:27,303 --> 00:01:28,037 CENTER. 23 00:01:28,104 --> 00:01:32,842 I'M MICHELLE THALLER. 24 00:01:32,909 --> 00:01:36,045 IN A FEW WEEKS, WE'LL RELEASE 25 00:01:36,112 --> 00:01:47,023 THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE. 26 00:01:47,090 --> 00:01:50,126 THE LARGEST AND OH MOST 27 00:01:50,193 --> 00:01:52,362 AMBITIOUS OBSERVATORY LAUNCHED 28 00:01:52,428 --> 00:01:53,830 INTO SPACE. 29 00:01:53,897 --> 00:01:58,268 WHILE THE PROMISE OF WEBB TO 30 00:01:58,334 --> 00:01:59,969 EXPAND OUR UNIVERSITY, THE 31 00:02:00,036 --> 00:02:05,975 MARVEL OF WEBB IS SOMETHING OF 32 00:02:06,042 --> 00:02:07,343 ITSELF. 33 00:02:07,410 --> 00:02:09,078 HERE WE HAVE ERIC SMITH. 34 00:02:09,145 --> 00:02:11,447 >> HI, MICHELLE. 35 00:02:11,514 --> 00:02:12,315 IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE. 36 00:02:12,382 --> 00:02:13,449 >> TELL US ABOUT THE HISTORY OF 37 00:02:13,516 --> 00:02:15,151 WEBB AND HOW IT FITS IN. 38 00:02:15,218 --> 00:02:16,653 >> SURE, WELL, TO CONTINUE THE 39 00:02:16,719 --> 00:02:18,521 STORY OF HOW TELESCOPES AND 40 00:02:18,588 --> 00:02:19,756 TECHNOLOGY CHANGE OUR VIEW OF 41 00:02:19,823 --> 00:02:22,392 THE UNIVERSE, I'M GOING TO START 42 00:02:22,458 --> 00:02:26,062 IN THE 18 40'S WITH A TELESCOPE 43 00:02:26,129 --> 00:02:31,367 KNOWN AS OH LIVAIATHO PARSONS 44 00:02:31,434 --> 00:02:32,202 TOWN. 45 00:02:32,268 --> 00:02:38,374 THIS WAS USED TO STUDY NEBULA, 46 00:02:38,441 --> 00:02:40,210 AND WHAT YOU SEE ON THE SCREEN 47 00:02:40,276 --> 00:02:42,612 HERE IS A DRAWING OF WHAT WE NOW 48 00:02:42,679 --> 00:02:44,647 KNOW IS A GALAXY. 49 00:02:44,714 --> 00:02:47,317 THIS WAS MADE BY WILLIAM PARSONS 50 00:02:47,383 --> 00:02:49,252 BACK IN 1845. 51 00:02:49,319 --> 00:02:51,988 NOW, IF WE FAST FORWARD ABOUT 70 52 00:02:52,055 --> 00:02:53,656 YEARS, THE WORLD HAS A NEW 53 00:02:53,723 --> 00:02:57,527 LARGEST TELESCOPE. 54 00:02:57,594 --> 00:03:02,265 IT WAS 100-INCH BY MATT WILSON, 55 00:03:02,332 --> 00:03:04,500 AND HE USED THIS TELESCOPE TO 56 00:03:04,567 --> 00:03:06,536 STUDY THESE GALAXIES. 57 00:03:06,603 --> 00:03:08,671 BY THEN WE KNOW THEY'RE 58 00:03:08,738 --> 00:03:09,472 GALAXIES. 59 00:03:09,539 --> 00:03:11,374 AND WHAT HE FOUND WAS THAT THE 60 00:03:11,441 --> 00:03:14,377 FURTHER AWAY THE GALAXY, THE 61 00:03:14,444 --> 00:03:15,979 FARTHER IT WAS MOVING. 62 00:03:16,045 --> 00:03:21,184 HE WAS EXPLAINING THE TELESCOPE 63 00:03:21,251 --> 00:03:22,418 THAT HE HAS. 64 00:03:22,485 --> 00:03:23,353 YOU CAN TRACE THE ARC OF A LOT 65 00:03:23,419 --> 00:03:25,555 OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE AND 66 00:03:25,622 --> 00:03:27,924 ASTRONOMY OF THE 20TH CENTURY OF 67 00:03:27,991 --> 00:03:30,393 MORE OR LESS A CHASE OF GALAXIES 68 00:03:30,460 --> 00:03:33,096 SEEKING AN EVER-FURTHER GALAXY 69 00:03:33,162 --> 00:03:34,931 TRYING TO FIND THE VERY FIRST 70 00:03:34,998 --> 00:03:35,698 GALAXIES. 71 00:03:35,765 --> 00:03:37,500 WELL, IF WE MOVE TO THE END OF 72 00:03:37,567 --> 00:03:39,869 THE 20TH CENTURY, WE DEPLOY THE 73 00:03:39,936 --> 00:03:44,040 MOST POWERFUL TELESCOPE WE'VE 74 00:03:44,107 --> 00:03:46,175 EVER HAD, THE HUBBLE SPACE 75 00:03:46,242 --> 00:03:49,445 TELESCOPE, AND IT, TOO, ATTEMPTS 76 00:03:49,512 --> 00:03:52,548 TO FIND THESE GALAXIES. 77 00:03:52,615 --> 00:03:57,854 YOU SEE A COMPARISON OF 1840 TO 78 00:03:57,921 --> 00:04:01,257 HUBBLE'S VIEW OF THE N-51 79 00:04:01,324 --> 00:04:01,524 GALAXY. 80 00:04:01,591 --> 00:04:06,229 HUBBLE TRIES TO FIND THESE FIRST 81 00:04:06,296 --> 00:04:07,931 GALAXIES AND IT CAN'T. 82 00:04:07,997 --> 00:04:12,201 WE KNOW WE NEED TO FIND A NEW 83 00:04:12,268 --> 00:04:14,070 TELESCOPE. 84 00:04:14,137 --> 00:04:15,972 NOT ONLY WILL IT HELP US 85 00:04:16,039 --> 00:04:17,974 COMPLETE THIS CHASE OF GALAXIES 86 00:04:18,041 --> 00:04:20,343 BUT IT PROMISES TO ALLOW US TO 87 00:04:20,410 --> 00:04:21,978 EXPLORE THE ATMOSPHERE, 88 00:04:22,045 --> 00:04:27,583 EXOPLANETS AND YOU'LL HEAR ABOUT 89 00:04:27,650 --> 00:04:30,386 THIS AMAZING TELESCOPE AND THE 90 00:04:30,453 --> 00:04:32,355 INSTRUMENTS THAT MAKE IT ALL 91 00:04:32,422 --> 00:04:33,623 POSSIBLE. 92 00:04:33,690 --> 00:04:34,424 >> THAT'S WONDERFUL. 93 00:04:34,490 --> 00:04:36,092 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 94 00:04:36,159 --> 00:04:37,460 >> AS WE TALK ABOUT THE 95 00:04:37,527 --> 00:04:39,028 INSTRUMENTS WE NEED TO TALK 96 00:04:39,095 --> 00:04:41,898 ABOUT THIS AMAZING GIANT MIRROR. 97 00:04:41,965 --> 00:04:44,200 THERE IS NOBODY BETTER TO SPEAK 98 00:04:44,267 --> 00:04:45,902 TO US ABOUT THAT THAN LEE 99 00:04:45,969 --> 00:04:47,470 FEINBERG. 100 00:04:47,537 --> 00:04:49,305 LEE, TELL US ABOUT THE 101 00:04:49,372 --> 00:04:52,008 INCREDIBLE MIRRORS OF THESE 102 00:04:52,075 --> 00:04:54,544 INCREDIBLE INSTRUMENTS WE'LL 103 00:04:54,610 --> 00:04:55,311 USE. 104 00:04:55,378 --> 00:04:56,713 >> AT SIX AND A HALF METERS IT 105 00:04:56,779 --> 00:05:00,249 WAS TOO BIG TO FIT IN A ROCKET. 106 00:05:00,316 --> 00:05:01,951 WE DESIGNED IT SO THAT IT WOULD 107 00:05:02,018 --> 00:05:03,653 UNFOLD IN SPACE. 108 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:05,555 IT DOES IT LIKE A DROP-LEAF 109 00:05:05,621 --> 00:05:06,956 TABLE. 110 00:05:07,023 --> 00:05:08,291 AND TO DO THAT WE NEEDED THE 111 00:05:08,358 --> 00:05:13,196 MIRRORS TO BE IN SEGMENTS. 112 00:05:13,262 --> 00:05:15,565 ALL 16 MIRRORS HAVE THE SAME 113 00:05:15,631 --> 00:05:18,167 MECHANICAL DESIGN, AND THEY'RE 114 00:05:18,234 --> 00:05:21,671 MADE OUT OF BERYLLIUM. 115 00:05:21,738 --> 00:05:26,542 AND BERYLLIUM IS IDEAL FOR THESE 116 00:05:26,609 --> 00:05:27,677 COLD TEMPERATURES. 117 00:05:27,744 --> 00:05:30,947 AND WE COOKED THEM IN GOLD. 118 00:05:31,014 --> 00:05:32,482 GOLD IS GOOD FOR THE HIGH 119 00:05:32,548 --> 00:05:35,084 REFLECTION AND CAPTURE ALL THE 120 00:05:35,151 --> 00:05:35,785 PHOTONS. 121 00:05:35,852 --> 00:05:37,220 >> THAT WILL BE WONDERFUL. 122 00:05:37,286 --> 00:05:38,755 IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE YOU WOULD 123 00:05:38,821 --> 00:05:40,456 LIKE TO ADD ABOUT THE MIRROR 124 00:05:40,523 --> 00:05:41,524 BEFORE WE GO? 125 00:05:41,591 --> 00:05:43,092 >> THE MIRROR ON WEBB IS 126 00:05:43,159 --> 00:05:46,195 ACTUALLY MUCH LARGER THAN 127 00:05:46,262 --> 00:05:49,832 PREVIOUS SPACE TELESCOPES. 128 00:05:49,899 --> 00:05:51,501 IN FACT, IT'S LIGHTER AS WELL. 129 00:05:51,567 --> 00:05:54,003 THE PRIMARY MIRROR FOR THE 130 00:05:54,070 --> 00:06:01,577 HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IS 20 131 00:06:01,644 --> 00:06:04,113 TIMES HEIFERRER. 132 00:06:04,180 --> 00:06:06,115 IF YOU COMPARE IT TO THE SPITZER 133 00:06:06,182 --> 00:06:09,986 SPACE TELESCOPE WHICH NASA 134 00:06:10,053 --> 00:06:15,625 LAUNCHED YEARS AGO, IT WORKS AT 135 00:06:15,691 --> 00:06:19,462 SHORTER WAVELENGTHS THAN THE 136 00:06:19,529 --> 00:06:21,798 SPITZER WORKS AT, AND ALMOST TO 137 00:06:21,864 --> 00:06:24,300 THE WAVELENGTH THAT HUBBLE WORKS 138 00:06:24,367 --> 00:06:24,801 AT. 139 00:06:24,867 --> 00:06:26,436 >> WE'LL SEE YOU FOR QUESTIONS 140 00:06:26,502 --> 00:06:27,270 LATER ON. 141 00:06:27,336 --> 00:06:27,570 >> OKAY. 142 00:06:27,637 --> 00:06:29,205 >> THE NEXT PERSON WHO WILL BE 143 00:06:29,272 --> 00:06:32,241 JOINING US IS MARCIA RIEKE. 144 00:06:32,308 --> 00:06:36,512 SPES' SPEAKING TO US FROM THE 145 00:06:36,579 --> 00:06:39,048 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA. 146 00:06:39,115 --> 00:06:44,153 MARCIA, ARE YOU JOINING US? 147 00:06:44,220 --> 00:06:46,055 >> I'M HERE AND VERY HAPPY TO 148 00:06:46,122 --> 00:06:47,990 TALK ABOUT NIRCam. 149 00:06:48,057 --> 00:06:48,624 OKAY. 150 00:06:48,691 --> 00:06:54,430 NIRCam IS A DUAL-PURPOSE 151 00:06:54,497 --> 00:06:55,698 INSTRUMENT. 152 00:06:55,765 --> 00:06:57,834 AS LEE MENTIONED, THE TELESCOPE 153 00:06:57,900 --> 00:07:00,103 MIRROR COMES IN 18 SEGMENTS AND 154 00:07:00,169 --> 00:07:01,504 THEY HAVE TO BE ALIGNED. 155 00:07:01,571 --> 00:07:03,840 SO YOU CAN SEE NIRCam IS ALSO 156 00:07:03,906 --> 00:07:06,542 DUAL IN THE SENSE OF HOW IT WAS 157 00:07:06,609 --> 00:07:07,410 CONSTRUCTED. 158 00:07:07,477 --> 00:07:12,482 IT HAS TWO IDENTICAL HALVES 159 00:07:12,548 --> 00:07:13,549 BOTTLED TOGETHER. 160 00:07:13,616 --> 00:07:16,285 THAT GIVES US THE REDUNDANCY SO 161 00:07:16,352 --> 00:07:19,455 THAT NIRCam CAN ALWAYS ALIGN 162 00:07:19,522 --> 00:07:21,090 THOSE MIRROR SEGMENTS. 163 00:07:21,157 --> 00:07:23,292 THIS IS A BIG ADVANTAGE FOR DEEP 164 00:07:23,359 --> 00:07:24,861 SURVEYS BECAUSE WE CAN LOOK AT 165 00:07:24,927 --> 00:07:26,662 TWICE THE SKY. 166 00:07:26,729 --> 00:07:28,164 AND WHAT YOU'RE ALSO GOING TO 167 00:07:28,231 --> 00:07:34,670 SEE IS LIGHT SENSOR PACKAGE HERE 168 00:07:34,737 --> 00:07:37,673 ON CAMPUS WHERE WE GAVE IT IT'S 169 00:07:37,740 --> 00:07:38,941 FINAL RUN THROUGH. 170 00:07:39,008 --> 00:07:47,583 IT HAS 16 MEGA PIXELS, WHICH IS 171 00:07:47,650 --> 00:07:49,352 A LOT OF PIXELS FOR SITTING A 172 00:07:49,418 --> 00:07:51,454 MILLION MILES AWAY FROM EARTH. 173 00:07:51,521 --> 00:07:53,189 YOU MIGHT ASK WHAT ARE WE GOING 174 00:07:53,256 --> 00:07:56,392 TO DO WITH ALL THOSE PIXELS? 175 00:07:56,459 --> 00:07:58,127 WE HAVE SEVERAL VERY BIG SCIENCE 176 00:07:58,194 --> 00:08:01,430 PROJECTS THAT WE'RE GOING TO DO. 177 00:08:01,497 --> 00:08:04,200 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WAS PART 178 00:08:04,267 --> 00:08:06,402 OF THE ORIGINAL PLAN FOR THE 179 00:08:06,469 --> 00:08:08,237 TELESCOPE WAS TO LOOK FOR THE 180 00:08:08,304 --> 00:08:09,805 VERY FIRST GALAXIES TO FORM 181 00:08:09,872 --> 00:08:11,374 AFTER THE BIG BANG. 182 00:08:11,440 --> 00:08:13,376 WE KNOW AND HERE YOU CAN SEE THE 183 00:08:13,442 --> 00:08:15,711 BIG DIPPER, AND WE'RE GOING TO 184 00:08:15,778 --> 00:08:17,280 ZOOM IN TO THE KIND OF IMAGE 185 00:08:17,346 --> 00:08:19,715 THAT HUBBLE TOOK AS BEST AS IT 186 00:08:19,782 --> 00:08:22,118 CAN DO ON THESE VERY DISTANT, 187 00:08:22,185 --> 00:08:23,986 VERY RED OBJECTS. 188 00:08:24,053 --> 00:08:26,589 AND SHORTLY A RED BLOB WILL 189 00:08:26,656 --> 00:08:27,523 APPEAR. 190 00:08:27,590 --> 00:08:28,858 WE'RE SEEING THE LIGHT FROM THIS 191 00:08:28,925 --> 00:08:31,527 GALAXY AS IT LEFT 400 MILLION 192 00:08:31,594 --> 00:08:33,529 YEARS AFTER THE BIG BANG, ABOUT 193 00:08:33,596 --> 00:08:36,666 3% THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE. 194 00:08:36,732 --> 00:08:44,540 THIS PARTICULAR GALAXY IS 195 00:08:44,607 --> 00:08:46,242 EXTREMELY BRIGHT. 196 00:08:46,309 --> 00:08:47,843 WE HOPE HE CAN GET EVEN CLOSER 197 00:08:47,910 --> 00:08:50,379 IN TIME TO THE BIG GANG THAN 198 00:08:50,446 --> 00:08:52,281 WHAT THIS GALAXY IS. 199 00:08:52,348 --> 00:08:54,617 NOW LOOKING FOR DISTANT GALAXIES 200 00:08:54,684 --> 00:08:56,752 IS NOT THE ONLY SCIENCE THAT 201 00:08:56,819 --> 00:08:58,321 NIRCam CAN DO. 202 00:08:58,387 --> 00:09:00,022 IT CAN BE USED FOR MANY 203 00:09:00,089 --> 00:09:01,691 PROJECTS, INCLUDING LOOKING AT 204 00:09:01,757 --> 00:09:03,426 THE ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS 205 00:09:03,492 --> 00:09:05,127 ORBITING OTHER STARS, 206 00:09:05,194 --> 00:09:08,130 EXOPLANETS. 207 00:09:08,197 --> 00:09:09,498 THE WAY WE'RE GOING TO DO THAT 208 00:09:09,565 --> 00:09:13,502 IS BY USING THE TRANSIT 209 00:09:13,569 --> 00:09:14,403 TECHNIQUE. 210 00:09:14,470 --> 00:09:15,738 WE'LL OBSERVE A STAR. 211 00:09:15,805 --> 00:09:17,306 THE PLANET WILL PASS IN FRONT OF 212 00:09:17,373 --> 00:09:19,475 IT, AND THE LIGHT FROM THE STAR 213 00:09:19,542 --> 00:09:21,043 WILL BE DIMMED FOR A LITTLE 214 00:09:21,110 --> 00:09:21,744 WHILE. 215 00:09:21,811 --> 00:09:24,113 IF WE ANALYZE HOW THAT LIGHT 216 00:09:24,180 --> 00:09:27,383 GETS DIM AND WHAT COLORS WHY OF 217 00:09:27,450 --> 00:09:31,120 WEATHER RUMPLE WE'LL SEE WHAT 218 00:09:31,187 --> 00:09:32,955 KIND OF MOLECULES ARE IN THAT 219 00:09:33,022 --> 00:09:34,090 ATMOSPHERE. 220 00:09:34,156 --> 00:09:35,424 THAT'S NOT THE ONLY WAY WE CAN 221 00:09:35,491 --> 00:09:37,793 OBSERVE THE PLANETS. 222 00:09:37,860 --> 00:09:39,929 WE ALSO HAVE THE CAPABILITY TOO 223 00:09:39,996 --> 00:09:48,070 LOOK AT THEM TALENT WITH WITH 224 00:09:48,137 --> 00:09:49,472 ORDINARILY YOU CAN'T SEE THESE 225 00:09:49,538 --> 00:09:50,339 PLANETS. 226 00:09:50,406 --> 00:09:52,942 HERE IS A HYPOTHETICAL ROCKET 227 00:09:53,009 --> 00:09:55,578 SHIP GOING THROUGH THIS EXOSOLAR 228 00:09:55,645 --> 00:09:56,479 SYSTEM. 229 00:09:56,545 --> 00:09:57,713 WHEN YOU'RE ACTUALLY THERE YOU 230 00:09:57,780 --> 00:09:58,881 CAN SEE THE PLANET. 231 00:09:58,948 --> 00:10:00,516 BUT IF YOU MOVE FAR AWAY LIKE 232 00:10:00,583 --> 00:10:03,119 OUR VANTAGE POINT WITH WEBB, 233 00:10:03,185 --> 00:10:04,820 THAT PLANET GETS LOST IN THE 234 00:10:04,887 --> 00:10:06,122 GLARE OF THE SUN, AND YOU HAVE 235 00:10:06,188 --> 00:10:07,857 TO BLOT OUT THE STARLIGHT USING 236 00:10:07,923 --> 00:10:12,128 A CORONA GRAPH. 237 00:10:12,194 --> 00:10:15,431 THAT'S JUST A QUICK SAMPLER OF 238 00:10:15,498 --> 00:10:19,335 THINGS WE'LL DO WITH NIRCam. 239 00:10:19,402 --> 00:10:23,806 >> NOW, IT IS NOT JUST AN 240 00:10:23,873 --> 00:10:26,042 IMAGING CAMERA, BUT IT HAS A LOT 241 00:10:26,108 --> 00:10:34,183 TO DO WITH SPECTRA AS WELL. 242 00:10:34,250 --> 00:10:36,319 WE'LL GO TO PIERRE FERRUIT WHO 243 00:10:36,385 --> 00:10:38,321 CAN TELL US MORE ABOUT THIS 244 00:10:38,387 --> 00:10:42,124 SPECK TOGRAPHY. 245 00:10:42,191 --> 00:10:48,130 >> ( L" ). 246 00:10:48,197 --> 00:10:53,836 >> THIS IS A SPECTROGRAPH, AND 247 00:10:53,903 --> 00:11:14,390 THE WE USE SPECTROGRAPH WORKS A 248 00:11:14,457 --> 00:11:15,491 LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY. 249 00:11:15,558 --> 00:11:22,832 AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE SCREEN, IT 250 00:11:22,898 --> 00:11:24,667 CREATES WHAT WE CALL A SPECTRUM. 251 00:11:24,734 --> 00:11:31,107 HOW IT IS MADE, AND IT'S A 252 00:11:31,173 --> 00:11:33,209 FORMATION, BUT THIS IS GOING TO 253 00:11:33,275 --> 00:11:37,146 PUT THE SCIENCE ALL AROUND THE 254 00:11:37,213 --> 00:11:38,047 WORLD. 255 00:11:38,114 --> 00:11:52,294 ALL THE INSTRUMENTS ARE USED FOR 256 00:11:52,361 --> 00:11:53,429 MIRI. 257 00:11:53,496 --> 00:11:56,365 IF WE TAKE A LITTLE RED BLOB 258 00:11:56,432 --> 00:11:59,402 FROM THE VERY DISTANT GALAXY. 259 00:11:59,468 --> 00:12:03,038 THEY'RE SO FAR AWAY, 13 BILLION 260 00:12:03,105 --> 00:12:05,474 LIGHT YEARS AWAY. 261 00:12:05,541 --> 00:12:06,942 SO TO OBSERVE THEM WE HAVE TO 262 00:12:07,009 --> 00:12:08,244 STAY UP FOR HOURS. 263 00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:13,215 THIS IS WHERE IT IS DESIGNED TO 264 00:12:13,282 --> 00:12:17,219 OBSERVE 200 OF THEM AT THE SAME 265 00:12:17,286 --> 00:12:19,655 TIME, NOT JUST ONE. 266 00:12:19,722 --> 00:12:23,692 TO DO THAT, WE USE A VERY 267 00:12:23,759 --> 00:12:25,261 SPECIAL DEVICE THAT YOU SEE ON 268 00:12:25,327 --> 00:12:25,961 THE SCREEN. 269 00:12:26,028 --> 00:12:30,466 IT IS CLOSE TO A QUARTER OF A 270 00:12:30,533 --> 00:12:33,502 MILLION VERY TINY LITTLE DOORS 271 00:12:33,569 --> 00:12:35,704 THAT YOU CAN OPEN AND CLOSE AT 272 00:12:35,771 --> 00:12:36,472 WILL. 273 00:12:36,539 --> 00:12:44,513 AND TO OBSERVE THE. 274 00:12:44,580 --> 00:12:45,881 "P" OPEN THE DOORS IN FRONT OF 275 00:12:45,948 --> 00:12:48,150 THESE OBJECTS, AND WE CAN GET 276 00:12:48,217 --> 00:12:51,987 INDIVIDUAL FOR THESE OBJECTS. 277 00:12:52,054 --> 00:12:54,089 CLOSE TO 200 AT ONCE. 278 00:12:54,156 --> 00:12:57,693 THAT'S AN EXAMPLE. 279 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:00,529 WE CAN VIEW AN OBJECT AT THE 280 00:13:00,596 --> 00:13:01,497 SAME TIME. 281 00:13:01,564 --> 00:13:04,400 BUT SOMETIMES SCIENTISTS ARE NOT 282 00:13:04,467 --> 00:13:14,076 INTERESTED IN GETTING PICTURES 283 00:13:14,143 --> 00:13:16,145 FROM SEVERAL OBJECTS. 284 00:13:16,212 --> 00:13:17,713 SOMETIMES THEY WANT PICTURES OF 285 00:13:17,780 --> 00:13:19,715 JUST ONE OBJECT. 286 00:13:19,782 --> 00:13:22,218 THEY CAN SLICE THE OBJECT INTO 287 00:13:22,284 --> 00:13:23,652 20 SLICES. 288 00:13:23,719 --> 00:13:31,660 YOU CAN SEE IT EACH OF THESE 289 00:13:31,727 --> 00:13:41,337 WILL GIVE YOU 40 SPECTRUMS, AND 290 00:13:41,403 --> 00:13:42,905 THEN FROM THAT YOU'RE ABLE TO 291 00:13:42,972 --> 00:13:49,879 MAP THE STANDARD OBJECT LIKE THE 292 00:13:49,945 --> 00:13:50,112 GALAXY. 293 00:13:50,179 --> 00:13:54,817 NEXT WE'LL GIVE YOU AN OVERVIEW 294 00:13:54,884 --> 00:14:06,061 OF WHAT THEIR PA WE'LL NEED VERY 295 00:14:06,128 --> 00:14:08,664 NICE TOOLBOX FOR SCIENTISTS. 296 00:14:08,731 --> 00:14:12,501 AND TO FOCUS ON THIS IMAGE. 297 00:14:12,568 --> 00:14:18,374 WE ARE READY, AND WE'RE WAITING 298 00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:22,278 TO START USING IT IN SPACE. 299 00:14:22,344 --> 00:14:24,780 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, PIERRE. 300 00:14:24,847 --> 00:14:25,948 SO IN KEEPING WITH OUR THEME 301 00:14:26,015 --> 00:14:27,182 THAT THIS IS A VERY 302 00:14:27,249 --> 00:14:28,384 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION 303 00:14:28,450 --> 00:14:30,486 WE'RE NOW GOING TO CANADA. 304 00:14:30,553 --> 00:14:32,788 FOR OUR LAST GUEST WE'LL SPEAK 305 00:14:32,855 --> 00:14:34,924 WITH RENE DOYON, AND HE'S AT THE 306 00:14:34,990 --> 00:14:37,660 UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL. 307 00:14:37,726 --> 00:14:37,860 RENE. 308 00:14:37,927 --> 00:14:39,795 >> I'M VERY GLAD TO BE HERE. 309 00:14:39,862 --> 00:14:56,946 I'M GOING TO TALK TO YOU FINE 310 00:14:57,012 --> 00:15:02,651 GUIDANCE SENSOR. 311 00:15:02,718 --> 00:15:04,787 IF LOOKS AT THE SKY AND PICK UP 312 00:15:04,853 --> 00:15:05,788 STARS. 313 00:15:05,854 --> 00:15:09,959 WE TRACK HIS MOVEMENT WHILE 314 00:15:10,025 --> 00:15:12,661 WESTCHESTER THERE ARE USUALLY 315 00:15:12,728 --> 00:15:13,362 VIBRATIONS. 316 00:15:13,429 --> 00:15:17,466 SO WHAT WE DO, WE SEND A 317 00:15:17,533 --> 00:15:22,538 SIGNIFICANT INSIDE THE 318 00:15:22,605 --> 00:15:22,972 OBSERVATORY. 319 00:15:23,038 --> 00:15:27,676 AND WE CAN THAT WAY GET THE BEST 320 00:15:27,743 --> 00:15:29,411 SHARPERS IMAGES. 321 00:15:29,478 --> 00:15:31,914 JUST TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF HOW 322 00:15:31,981 --> 00:15:38,887 ACCURATE IT IT WILL GO ON TO THE 323 00:15:38,954 --> 00:15:41,924 THICKNESS OF A HUMAN HAIR. 324 00:15:41,991 --> 00:15:50,599 OR IF IT'S LIKE BEANS PUNCH FROM 325 00:15:50,666 --> 00:15:52,167 WASHINGTON, D.C. 326 00:15:52,234 --> 00:15:53,569 YOU HAVE TO WORK TO GET THE BEST 327 00:15:53,636 --> 00:15:54,303 IMAGES. 328 00:15:54,370 --> 00:15:55,704 ON THE BACKSIDE WE HAVE THE 329 00:15:55,771 --> 00:15:59,241 SCIENTIFIC MODULE I CALL 330 00:15:59,308 --> 00:15:59,675 NEAREST. 331 00:15:59,742 --> 00:16:12,054 STUMP IT WILL USE IMAGES LIKE 332 00:16:12,121 --> 00:16:35,077 NIRCam, AND THEN SPECTROGRAPHY 333 00:16:35,144 --> 00:16:37,646 WILL LOOK AT THE SYSTEM. 334 00:16:37,713 --> 00:16:40,449 HERE IS AN ANIMATION THAT 335 00:16:40,516 --> 00:16:42,685 ILLUSTRATES THE TECHNIQUE. 336 00:16:42,751 --> 00:16:44,286 LOOKING AT THE TINIEST SLIVER OF 337 00:16:44,353 --> 00:16:46,855 LIGHT FROM THE ATMOSPHERE THAT 338 00:16:46,922 --> 00:16:48,624 IS FILTERED BY THE STARLIGHT, 339 00:16:48,691 --> 00:16:50,192 WHICH IS VERY DIFFICULT TO DO. 340 00:16:50,259 --> 00:16:51,627 WE CAN DO THAT BY HUBBLE AND 341 00:16:51,694 --> 00:17:02,404 WE'LL BE ABLE TO DO IT. 342 00:17:02,471 --> 00:17:07,643 THOSE PLANETS COULD HAVE LIFE. 343 00:17:07,710 --> 00:17:09,278 SO THE BIG QUESTION, DO THESE 344 00:17:09,344 --> 00:17:11,346 PLANETS HAVE AN ATMOSPHERE. 345 00:17:11,413 --> 00:17:12,381 WE'RE SURE GOING TO BE LOOKING 346 00:17:12,448 --> 00:17:14,149 FOR THOSE PLANETS AND SEE 347 00:17:14,216 --> 00:17:22,257 WHETHER THEY HAVE WATER, C. 348 00:17:22,324 --> 00:17:23,859 NOW WE'LL MOVE TO THE SECOND 349 00:17:23,926 --> 00:17:24,693 MODE. 350 00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:42,044 THIS TIME WE'RE GOING TO TAKES 351 00:17:42,111 --> 00:17:45,714 SPECTROGRAPHY. 352 00:17:45,781 --> 00:17:48,784 THIS IS WHERE WE'RE STUDYING THE 353 00:17:48,851 --> 00:17:52,354 GALAXY AND THE CLUSTERS, BUT WE 354 00:17:52,421 --> 00:17:54,590 KNOW THAT THE CLUSTERS HID IN 355 00:17:54,656 --> 00:17:55,691 DARK MATTER. 356 00:17:55,758 --> 00:17:57,693 THAT CLUSTER WILL ACTED LIKE A 357 00:17:57,760 --> 00:18:01,430 GIGANTIC COSMIC TELESCOPE, AND 358 00:18:01,497 --> 00:18:03,432 WE THOUGHT WE WOULD BE ABLE TO 359 00:18:03,499 --> 00:18:13,642 DISTALK PUBLIC NOW, THIS IS NOT 360 00:18:13,709 --> 00:18:19,148 AS EFFICIENT, BUT IN ONE SHOT IT 361 00:18:19,214 --> 00:18:24,153 WILL TAKE 3,000 GALAXIES 20 362 00:18:24,219 --> 00:18:37,366 TIMES WHAT NIRSpec CAN DO. 363 00:18:37,432 --> 00:18:40,769 THEY ARE VERY HIGH-DISTANCE 364 00:18:40,836 --> 00:18:42,037 OBJECTS. 365 00:18:42,104 --> 00:18:50,746 AND THEN APERTURE MASKS SPECT 366 00:18:50,813 --> 00:18:54,049 ROGRAPHY. 367 00:18:54,049 --> 00:18:59,855 WE'LL BE ABLE TO DETECT WELL THE 368 00:18:59,922 --> 00:19:03,525 DARK SPOT THAT MARCIA WAS 369 00:19:03,592 --> 00:19:04,860 EXPLAINING. 370 00:19:04,927 --> 00:19:06,995 WE'LL BE AGE TO. 371 00:19:07,062 --> 00:19:15,571 WHERE WE'RE EXCITED TO GET THAT 372 00:19:15,637 --> 00:19:17,739 UP IN THE SKY AND WE CAN'T WAIT 373 00:19:17,806 --> 00:19:19,007 FOR LAUNCH. 374 00:19:19,074 --> 00:19:21,143 >> IT HAS BEEN A LONG JOURNEY TO 375 00:19:21,210 --> 00:19:22,978 GET READY FOR THE LAUNCH BUT IT 376 00:19:23,045 --> 00:19:24,746 PALES WHAT LAYS AHEAD. 377 00:19:24,813 --> 00:19:25,848 IT NEEDS TO TRAVEL A MILLION 378 00:19:25,914 --> 00:19:27,382 MILES AWAY FROM EARTH BEFORE IT 379 00:19:27,449 --> 00:19:29,117 EXAMINE BEGIN ITS QUEST FOR 380 00:19:29,184 --> 00:19:31,353 ANCIENT LIGHT. 381 00:19:31,420 --> 00:19:35,390 IT IS LOCATED IN KOUROU, FRENCH 382 00:19:35,457 --> 00:19:37,092 GUIANA. 383 00:19:37,159 --> 00:19:39,361 IT IS A GATEWAY TO THE STARS. 384 00:19:39,428 --> 00:19:41,496 FEW PLACES ON EARTH HAS SOUND 385 00:19:41,563 --> 00:19:43,332 SCAPES THAT INCLUDE THE ROAR OF 386 00:19:43,398 --> 00:19:47,636 ROCKETS FOLLOWED BY TROPICAL 387 00:19:47,703 --> 00:19:49,905 JUNGLE. 388 00:19:49,972 --> 00:19:57,713 ONCE AT THE INSTITUTE IT IS HERE 389 00:19:57,779 --> 00:19:58,981 THEY WILL CONTROL THE SPACECRAFT 390 00:19:59,047 --> 00:20:00,682 BUT GATHER DATA FROM THE 391 00:20:00,749 --> 00:20:02,851 TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS. 392 00:20:02,918 --> 00:20:04,987 SO WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A QUICK 393 00:20:05,053 --> 00:20:05,821 BREAK. 394 00:20:05,888 --> 00:20:07,389 WHEN WE COME BACK WE'LL TAKE 395 00:20:07,456 --> 00:20:08,724 LIVE QUESTIONS FROM THE MEDIA. 396 00:20:08,790 --> 00:20:10,092 IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OF YOUR 397 00:20:10,158 --> 00:20:14,062 OWN, YOU CAN USE #NASA WEB. 398 00:20:14,129 --> 00:20:15,564 WE'LL BE BACK TO TALK TO THIS 399 00:20:15,631 --> 00:20:18,100 EXTRAORDINARY PANEL OF 400 00:20:18,166 --> 00:20:20,402 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ABOUT 401 00:20:20,469 --> 00:20:24,039 THE INNER WORKING OF THE 402 00:20:24,106 --> 00:20:25,641 TELESCOPE. 403 00:20:25,707 --> 00:20:29,144 >> IN NASA'S PODCAST, NASA IS 404 00:20:29,211 --> 00:20:31,146 YOUR TOUR GUIDE. 405 00:20:31,213 --> 00:20:32,915 JOIN WITH. 406 00:20:32,981 --> 00:20:41,423 IN. 407 00:20:41,490 --> 00:20:43,992 >> MEET THE EXPERT BEHIND THE 408 00:20:44,059 --> 00:20:48,664 JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE. 409 00:20:48,730 --> 00:20:54,503 VISIT NASA.GOV /PODCAST. 410 00:20:54,569 --> 00:20:55,337 >> WHAT IS OUT THERE? 411 00:20:55,404 --> 00:21:03,645 LET'S FIND OUT. 412 00:21:03,712 --> 00:21:08,083 THE JAMES WEBB. 413 00:21:08,150 --> 00:21:08,750 >> WHOA. 414 00:21:08,817 --> 00:21:12,487 >> CHECK OUT THE MOST 415 00:21:12,554 --> 00:21:17,526 EXTRAORDINARY INSTRUMENT EVER 416 00:21:17,592 --> 00:21:18,293 DESIGNED. 417 00:21:18,360 --> 00:21:19,394 ONLY BY NASA. 418 00:21:19,461 --> 00:21:20,629 >> WELCOME BACK TO THE JAMES 419 00:21:20,696 --> 00:21:23,231 WEBB TELESCOPE PRE-LAUNCH 420 00:21:23,298 --> 00:21:23,932 BRIEFING. 421 00:21:23,999 --> 00:21:26,068 I'M MICHELLE THALLER, AND WE'RE 422 00:21:26,134 --> 00:21:28,737 HERE AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT 423 00:21:28,804 --> 00:21:29,371 CENTER. 424 00:21:29,438 --> 00:21:31,073 WE'LL TAKE QUESTIONS FROM SOCIAL 425 00:21:31,139 --> 00:21:32,507 MEDIA. 426 00:21:32,574 --> 00:21:34,509 AND SO AT THIS TIME I'M GOING TO 427 00:21:34,576 --> 00:21:37,212 ASK THE OPERATOR DO WE HAVE 428 00:21:37,279 --> 00:21:41,016 FIRST QUESTIONS FOR OUR 429 00:21:41,083 --> 00:21:41,717 PANELIST. 430 00:21:41,783 --> 00:21:42,818 >> YES, THANK YOU. 431 00:21:42,884 --> 00:21:45,420 IT IS STAR FOLLOWED BY NUMBER 1. 432 00:21:45,487 --> 00:21:48,156 IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION, UNMUTE 433 00:21:48,223 --> 00:21:51,293 YOUR LINE AND ASK YOUR QUESTION 434 00:21:51,360 --> 00:21:53,161 AS CLEARLY AS POSSIBLE. 435 00:21:53,228 --> 00:21:56,331 THE FIRST QUESTION IS FROM BILL 436 00:21:56,398 --> 00:21:59,301 HARWOOD. 437 00:21:59,368 --> 00:21:59,801 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 438 00:21:59,868 --> 00:22:06,375 CAN YOU PRESCRIBE SOME DEMA I'M 439 00:22:06,441 --> 00:22:08,610 INTERESTED IN HOW YOU'LL USE 440 00:22:08,677 --> 00:22:13,749 NIRCam AND HOW THE POSITION 441 00:22:13,815 --> 00:22:16,518 ACTUATORS WORK, AND HOW IT CAN 442 00:22:16,585 --> 00:22:18,387 CHANGE THE SEGMENT SLIGHTLY IF 443 00:22:18,453 --> 00:22:19,521 NECESSARY AND HOW THAT PROCESS 444 00:22:19,588 --> 00:22:22,090 WORKS OUT TO BRING THOSE 18 445 00:22:22,157 --> 00:22:25,394 INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUALS BACK TO 446 00:22:25,460 --> 00:22:28,663 THE LIMITED IMAGE. 447 00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:40,442 >> SURE, WHEN WE FIRST START, 448 00:22:40,509 --> 00:22:42,711 THEY'RE HIGHLY MISALIGNED. 449 00:22:42,778 --> 00:22:44,179 THEY SHARE A SECONDARY MIRROR 450 00:22:44,246 --> 00:22:46,248 BUT THEY'LL GET 18 IMAGES OF A 451 00:22:46,314 --> 00:22:48,116 STAR WHEN WE LOOK AT ONE BRIGHT 452 00:22:48,183 --> 00:22:48,850 STAR. 453 00:22:48,917 --> 00:22:50,552 SO OUR GOAL WILL BE FIRST TO 454 00:22:50,619 --> 00:22:52,721 ALIGN THOSE INDIVIDUAL 455 00:22:52,788 --> 00:22:54,589 TELESCOPES AND THEN PUT THEM ON 456 00:22:54,656 --> 00:22:56,792 TOP OF EACH OTHER. 457 00:22:56,858 --> 00:22:58,427 WE'LL PUT THEM RIGHT ON TOP OF 458 00:22:58,493 --> 00:22:59,194 EACH OTHER. 459 00:22:59,261 --> 00:23:00,629 BUT EACH OF THE TELESCOPES ARE 460 00:23:00,695 --> 00:23:02,230 NOT PHASED UP. 461 00:23:02,297 --> 00:23:04,833 BY PHASING I MEAN WE HAVE TO I 462 00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:11,339 AM RUFFLE IT IS ALIGNED AS 463 00:23:11,406 --> 00:23:14,976 THOUGH IT IS 5,000TH OF A 464 00:23:15,043 --> 00:23:20,582 DIAMETER OF A HUMAN HAIR. 465 00:23:20,649 --> 00:23:22,350 WE MOVE THE MIRRORS AROUND, BUT 466 00:23:22,417 --> 00:23:24,386 AS WE GET TO THE END OF THESE 467 00:23:24,453 --> 00:23:27,956 ALGORITHMS WE BORROW ONE FROM 468 00:23:28,023 --> 00:23:30,358 THE SCOPE THAT GETS US WITHIN A 469 00:23:30,425 --> 00:23:32,127 WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT. 470 00:23:32,194 --> 00:23:34,629 THEN AT THE VERY END WE'LL USE 471 00:23:34,696 --> 00:23:38,867 ANNAL GORE RHYTHMMENT WHEN THEY 472 00:23:38,934 --> 00:23:45,707 WERE TRYING TO DESCRIBE THE 473 00:23:45,774 --> 00:23:48,310 ENTREPRENEURIAL AND 120 DAYS IN 474 00:23:48,376 --> 00:23:50,745 WE SHOULD HAVE AN ALIGNED 475 00:23:50,812 --> 00:23:51,446 TELESCOPE. 476 00:23:51,513 --> 00:23:54,716 >> WE'LL GO TO QUESTIONS FROM 477 00:23:54,783 --> 00:23:55,884 SOCIAL MEDIA. 478 00:23:55,951 --> 00:23:57,719 THIS IS GOING TO NIRCam. 479 00:23:57,786 --> 00:24:00,822 THE QUESTION IS HOW CLEAR WILL 480 00:24:00,889 --> 00:24:04,960 WEBB'S PICTURES OF MARS BE? 481 00:24:05,026 --> 00:24:10,232 IS. 482 00:24:10,298 --> 00:24:12,667 [. 483 00:24:12,734 --> 00:24:14,002 >> I CAN ANSWER THAT IN PART. 484 00:24:14,069 --> 00:24:15,437 ONE OF THE BIG CHALLENGES IS 485 00:24:15,504 --> 00:24:17,839 THAT MARS IS ACTUALLY VERY, VERY 486 00:24:17,906 --> 00:24:21,009 BRIGHT IN THE INFRARED. 487 00:24:21,076 --> 00:24:29,851 WHEN THEM AND THE COMPLICATION 488 00:24:29,918 --> 00:24:32,487 IS THAT MARS ROTATES WHILE WE'RE 489 00:24:32,554 --> 00:24:34,089 TAKING A PICTURE. 490 00:24:34,156 --> 00:24:35,323 BUT SOME SCHEMES HAVE BEEN 491 00:24:35,390 --> 00:24:37,292 WORKED OUT, AND I THINK WHEN WE 492 00:24:37,359 --> 00:24:39,761 GET TO THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, 493 00:24:39,828 --> 00:24:57,145 PLANETS IN THE FLY BYES, WE'LL 494 00:24:57,212 --> 00:25:01,416 BE ABLE TO TRACE OUT THE THINGS 495 00:25:01,483 --> 00:25:03,318 LIKE METHANE. 496 00:25:03,385 --> 00:25:04,819 WE'LL BE ABLE TO LOOK AT MARS, 497 00:25:04,886 --> 00:25:05,787 BUT IT TAKES A LOT OF EFFORT 498 00:25:05,854 --> 00:25:07,389 BECAUSE OF HOW BRIGHT AND HOW 499 00:25:07,455 --> 00:25:10,325 QUICKLY IT ROTATES. 500 00:25:10,392 --> 00:25:12,060 >> ALL RIGHT, AS FAR AS MORE 501 00:25:12,127 --> 00:25:13,662 QUESTIONS FROM SOCIAL MEDIA. 502 00:25:13,728 --> 00:25:14,829 I GUESS THIS IS ONE THAT WE 503 00:25:14,896 --> 00:25:22,404 COULD HAVE IS THERE IS 504 00:25:22,470 --> 00:25:28,376 POSSIBILITY TO SEE THE OMUAMUA, 505 00:25:28,443 --> 00:25:31,079 A COMET THAT WE BELIEVE CAME 506 00:25:31,146 --> 00:25:34,416 FROM ANOTHER SOLAR SYSTEM. 507 00:25:34,482 --> 00:25:37,185 CAN ANYONE ANSWER THE QUESTION 508 00:25:37,252 --> 00:25:42,490 ABOUT INTERSOLAR SYSTEM COMETS? 509 00:25:42,557 --> 00:25:50,999 >> I THINK--I DON'T KNOW IF WE 510 00:25:51,066 --> 00:25:52,867 KNOW ITS ORBIT WELL ENOUGH TO BE 511 00:25:52,934 --> 00:25:55,437 ABLE TO POINT TO IT IN SPACE. 512 00:25:55,503 --> 00:25:57,172 IT SPENT SUCH A SHORT TIME IN 513 00:25:57,239 --> 00:26:02,844 THE SOLAR SYSTEM, IT WHIZZED BY. 514 00:26:02,911 --> 00:26:04,246 IF WE KNOW IT WELL ENOUGH TO 515 00:26:04,312 --> 00:26:07,649 POINT AT IT BY WEBB I'M NOT 516 00:26:07,716 --> 00:26:08,083 SURE. 517 00:26:08,149 --> 00:26:09,417 >> THANK YOU. 518 00:26:09,484 --> 00:26:10,919 SO, THE NEXT QUESTION I BELIEVE, 519 00:26:10,986 --> 00:26:17,158 WE HAVE FROM THE MUFFLE NHL. 520 00:26:17,225 --> 00:26:19,894 >> OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FROM 521 00:26:19,961 --> 00:26:23,164 IRENE, YOUR LINE IS OPEN. 522 00:26:23,231 --> 00:26:24,165 >> I HAD A QUESTION ABOUT 523 00:26:24,232 --> 00:26:25,700 IMAGING THESE EARLIEST 524 00:26:25,767 --> 00:26:28,503 STRUCTURES AFTER THE BIG BANG. 525 00:26:28,570 --> 00:26:33,375 .OFFER IS IT BASED ON 526 00:26:33,441 --> 00:26:36,778 GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OR IS THAT 527 00:26:36,845 --> 00:26:45,053 SOMETHING THAT NAMESLESS. 528 00:26:45,120 --> 00:26:46,187 >> ERIC, WOULD YOU LIKE-- 529 00:26:46,254 --> 00:26:48,890 >> MARCIA, PLEASE GO AHEAD. 530 00:26:48,957 --> 00:26:50,592 >> WE HOPE TO BE ABLE TO IMAGE 531 00:26:50,659 --> 00:26:53,128 THESE VERY DISTANT GALAXIES 532 00:26:53,194 --> 00:26:55,163 DIRECTLY WITHOUT THE HELP OF 533 00:26:55,230 --> 00:26:57,899 GRAVITATIONAL LENSING. 534 00:26:57,966 --> 00:27:02,804 THERE PREVIEW APPROVAL LIKE THE 535 00:27:02,871 --> 00:27:04,239 ONE I SHOWED IN THE VIDEO CAMERA 536 00:27:04,306 --> 00:27:06,274 WE'LL BE ABLE TO DO A LOT. 537 00:27:06,341 --> 00:27:08,276 BUT THE VIRTUE OF SATISFY 538 00:27:08,343 --> 00:27:12,414 FACINGNAL LIPPING WESTCHESTER E 539 00:27:12,480 --> 00:27:14,149 WHATEVER WE SEE DIRECTLY WITH 540 00:27:14,215 --> 00:27:16,718 NIRCam WE CAN GO AFTER WHAT IS 541 00:27:16,785 --> 00:27:24,693 USE APPROXIMATING ANNA NICOLE 542 00:27:24,759 --> 00:27:26,795 STRAIGHTFORWARD IMAGING ON A 543 00:27:26,861 --> 00:27:28,129 BLANK PIECE OF SKY WITH 544 00:27:28,196 --> 00:27:29,264 SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN 545 00:27:29,331 --> 00:27:32,100 GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED. 546 00:27:32,167 --> 00:27:33,368 >> DID YOU WANT TO ADD ANYTHING 547 00:27:33,435 --> 00:27:34,636 TO THAT? 548 00:27:34,703 --> 00:27:35,937 >> I WAS GOING TO SAY WHAT 549 00:27:36,004 --> 00:27:37,906 MARCIA SAID. 550 00:27:37,972 --> 00:27:39,607 WE'LL DO BOTH THINGS WITH WEBB. 551 00:27:39,674 --> 00:27:40,875 >> THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM THE 552 00:27:40,942 --> 00:27:42,077 NEWS MEDIA. 553 00:27:42,143 --> 00:27:42,510 PLEASE GO AHEAD. 554 00:27:42,577 --> 00:28:03,298 >> ( L" ) 555 00:28:03,365 --> 00:28:07,502 >> THIS I THINK IS FOR MARCIA. 556 00:28:07,569 --> 00:28:08,837 HOW WILL THE IMAGES FROM THIS 557 00:28:08,903 --> 00:28:11,539 INFRARED TELESCOPE COMPARE TO 558 00:28:11,606 --> 00:28:13,108 WHAT WE'RE USED TO SEEING FROM 559 00:28:13,174 --> 00:28:14,109 HUBBLE. 560 00:28:14,175 --> 00:28:16,411 I REALIZE YOU'VE BEEN ASKED THIS 561 00:28:16,478 --> 00:28:17,545 A MILLION TIMES. 562 00:28:17,612 --> 00:28:19,714 I'M JUST ASKING IT ONE MORE. 563 00:28:19,781 --> 00:28:20,248 THANKS. 564 00:28:20,315 --> 00:28:22,050 >> WELL, IN TERMS OF THE LEVEL 565 00:28:22,117 --> 00:28:25,954 OF DETAIL THAT WE CAN SEE, WE'LL 566 00:28:26,020 --> 00:28:28,223 BE ABLE TO SEE AS FINE A DETAIL 567 00:28:28,289 --> 00:28:29,657 AS HUBBLE EVEN THOUGH WE'RE 568 00:28:29,724 --> 00:28:32,660 WORKING IT AT A MUCH LONGER 569 00:28:32,727 --> 00:28:33,628 WAVELENGTH. 570 00:28:33,695 --> 00:28:35,764 BUT WHAT WILL BE DRAMATICALLY 571 00:28:35,830 --> 00:28:37,799 DIFFERENT IS USING THE INFRARED, 572 00:28:37,866 --> 00:28:40,502 WE SEE THINGS VERY DIFFERENTLY. 573 00:28:40,568 --> 00:28:43,071 IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE IMAGE 574 00:28:43,138 --> 00:28:45,206 FROM HUBBLE, NOBODY IF YOU HACK 575 00:28:45,273 --> 00:28:48,910 BE A SIMILAR PICTURE THROUGH 576 00:28:48,977 --> 00:28:50,812 NIRCam, YOU'LL SEE THE DUST 577 00:28:50,879 --> 00:28:53,047 WILL BASICALLY DISAPPEAR AND 578 00:28:53,114 --> 00:28:55,450 YOU'LL SEE STARS AND IF YOU GO A 579 00:28:55,517 --> 00:28:58,586 STEP LONGER, THE DUST THAT BLOTS 580 00:28:58,653 --> 00:29:02,390 OUT THE STARS IN THE HUBBLE 581 00:29:02,457 --> 00:29:05,427 PICTURE WILL BE VISIBLE AS 582 00:29:05,493 --> 00:29:07,929 BLIGHT EMISSION. 583 00:29:07,996 --> 00:29:09,798 THE MIRROR IMAGE WILL HAVE AS 584 00:29:09,864 --> 00:29:13,668 MUCH DETAIL BUT A VERY DIFFERENT 585 00:29:13,735 --> 00:29:17,539 CHARACTER. 586 00:29:17,605 --> 00:29:18,273 >> THANK YOU. 587 00:29:18,339 --> 00:29:19,140 LET'S GO TO ANOTHER QUESTION 588 00:29:19,207 --> 00:29:21,309 FROM SOCIAL MEDIA. 589 00:29:21,376 --> 00:29:27,248 THIS ONE IS A SPECTROGRAPHY 590 00:29:27,315 --> 00:29:27,682 QUESTION. 591 00:29:27,749 --> 00:29:30,919 THIS WILL GO TO PIERRE. 592 00:29:30,985 --> 00:29:31,686 ARE THERE ELEMENTS WE'RE LOOKING 593 00:29:31,753 --> 00:29:33,788 FOR AT EXPO PLANETS. 594 00:29:33,855 --> 00:29:34,956 WILL THIS HELP TO LOOK AT 595 00:29:35,023 --> 00:29:39,794 CERTAIN ELEMENTS IN THE SPECTRA. 596 00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:58,646 >> YES, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 597 00:29:58,713 --> 00:30:03,384 WATER, CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE. 598 00:30:03,451 --> 00:30:09,090 SO YES, THERE IS A LONG LIST OF 599 00:30:09,157 --> 00:30:12,827 MOLECULES THAT WE'LL BE LOOKING 600 00:30:12,894 --> 00:30:15,263 FOR AND TRYING TO UNDERSTAND 601 00:30:15,330 --> 00:30:19,534 WHAT IS COMPOSITION OF THE AT 602 00:30:19,601 --> 00:30:20,935 MOSS FIERCE. 603 00:30:21,002 --> 00:30:21,469 WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THE 604 00:30:21,536 --> 00:30:30,645 PLANETS HABITABLE ZONE, AND 605 00:30:30,712 --> 00:30:33,081 WE'LL BE LOOKING FOR WATER AND 606 00:30:33,147 --> 00:30:34,649 TO UNDERSTAND THE CONDITIONS 607 00:30:34,716 --> 00:30:35,617 THERE. 608 00:30:35,683 --> 00:30:39,020 IF LIFE IS POSSIBLE ON THE 609 00:30:39,087 --> 00:30:40,288 PLANET. 610 00:30:40,355 --> 00:30:42,557 THAT IS QUITE A QUESTION, 611 00:30:42,624 --> 00:30:43,291 ACTUALLY. 612 00:30:43,358 --> 00:30:47,729 >> I WOULD JUST ADD, DEPICTING 613 00:30:47,795 --> 00:30:58,640 THE WATER AND THE OZONE 614 00:30:58,706 --> 00:30:59,674 MOLECULE. 615 00:30:59,741 --> 00:31:02,477 THAT IS AN EXCITING MOLECULE TO 616 00:31:02,544 --> 00:31:07,215 BE LOOKING FOR. 617 00:31:07,282 --> 00:31:14,088 >> WILL JWST LOOKING FOR THE 618 00:31:14,155 --> 00:31:17,992 EXOPLANET. 619 00:31:18,059 --> 00:31:21,396 ARE THERE PLANS TO OBSERVE THAT? 620 00:31:21,462 --> 00:31:23,731 >> THERE ARE PLANS AND PROPOSALS 621 00:31:23,798 --> 00:31:25,366 TO LOOK AT THIS PLANET. 622 00:31:25,433 --> 00:31:27,168 IF IT IS LIKE MARS, THIS IS A 623 00:31:27,235 --> 00:31:28,770 VERY BRIGHT TARGET. 624 00:31:28,836 --> 00:31:31,339 WE KNOW THAT THE PROXIMATELY 625 00:31:31,406 --> 00:31:36,177 THAT IT IS A TRANNISTING STAR. 626 00:31:36,244 --> 00:31:38,646 ONE WAY BY DOING THAT IS LOOKING 627 00:31:38,713 --> 00:31:43,718 AT THE THERMAL COMPONENT OF THE 628 00:31:43,785 --> 00:31:46,220 PLANET, AND IT WILL LIKELY BE 629 00:31:46,287 --> 00:31:48,122 OBSERVED YES. 630 00:31:48,189 --> 00:31:49,257 >> SOUNDS GOOD. 631 00:31:49,324 --> 00:31:49,857 WE HAVE ANOTHER QUESTION FROM 632 00:31:49,924 --> 00:31:51,426 THE MEDIA COMING IN. 633 00:31:51,492 --> 00:31:52,527 OPERATOR, PLEASE. 634 00:31:52,594 --> 00:31:54,362 >> THANK YOU, AND AGAIN ONCE 635 00:31:54,429 --> 00:32:04,672 AGAIN PLEASE PRESS STAR AND THEN 636 00:32:04,739 --> 00:32:05,139 1. 637 00:32:05,206 --> 00:32:08,076 >> THIS IS NUMBER THREE FOR ME. 638 00:32:08,142 --> 00:32:09,210 I APOLOGIZE FOR THAT. 639 00:32:09,277 --> 00:32:11,179 BUT IT TOOK A LONG TIME TO GET 640 00:32:11,245 --> 00:32:12,914 LOGGED IN TO THIS CAR. 641 00:32:12,981 --> 00:32:14,048 I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY REPORTERS 642 00:32:14,115 --> 00:32:16,117 HAVE THE PATIENCE TO STAY ON THE 643 00:32:16,184 --> 00:32:16,818 LINE. 644 00:32:16,884 --> 00:32:18,953 BUT MY QUESTION FOR LEE AGAIN, 645 00:32:19,020 --> 00:32:21,522 CAN YOU WALK US THROUGH THE WALK 646 00:32:21,589 --> 00:32:24,192 PATH AND HOW THAT BOX WITH 647 00:32:24,258 --> 00:32:26,928 EMPHASIS ON THE STEERING MIRROR, 648 00:32:26,995 --> 00:32:29,464 WHERE THAT IS ON THE PATH AND 649 00:32:29,530 --> 00:32:31,499 HOW YOU USE IT TO KEEP WEBB SO 650 00:32:31,566 --> 00:32:36,771 PROPERLY POSITIONED. 651 00:32:36,838 --> 00:32:41,042 >> WEBB IS A THREE MIRROR THAT 652 00:32:41,109 --> 00:32:43,411 FORM THE TELESCOPE. 653 00:32:43,478 --> 00:32:44,779 THIS IS DIFFERENT THAT PEOPLE 654 00:32:44,846 --> 00:32:45,680 ARE USED TO. 655 00:32:45,747 --> 00:32:48,950 HUBBLE IS A TWO-MIRROR SYSTEM. 656 00:32:49,017 --> 00:32:51,219 WE WENT WITH THE THREE MIRRORS 657 00:32:51,285 --> 00:33:07,635 TO GET THIS SENDS THE LIGHT TO 658 00:33:07,702 --> 00:33:18,613 THE FINE STEERING MIRROR. 659 00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:24,085 AND BEHIND IT ARE ACTUATORS, AND 660 00:33:24,152 --> 00:33:26,054 THEY POINT IS THAT FINE STEERING 661 00:33:26,120 --> 00:33:27,989 MIRROR, AND THEY WORK IN TANDEM 662 00:33:28,056 --> 00:33:37,465 WITH THE GUIDER THAT RENE HAD 663 00:33:37,532 --> 00:33:38,900 TALKED ABOUT IT. 664 00:33:38,966 --> 00:33:41,202 THAT FINE STEERING MIRROR WILL 665 00:33:41,269 --> 00:33:45,573 KEEP US POINTED AND THAT IMAGE 666 00:33:45,640 --> 00:33:47,141 LOOKING VERY CRISP. 667 00:33:47,208 --> 00:33:48,576 >> WE HAVE A QUESTION COMING IN 668 00:33:48,643 --> 00:33:50,278 ABOUT GOLD. 669 00:33:50,344 --> 00:33:51,846 CAN YOU TELL US WHY THE 670 00:33:51,913 --> 00:33:55,416 TELESCOPES ARE COATED WITH GOLD. 671 00:33:55,483 --> 00:33:57,151 >> YES, I KNOW IT DOESN'T LOOK 672 00:33:57,218 --> 00:33:58,820 GOOD, BUT THAT WAS NOT THE 673 00:33:58,886 --> 00:34:00,455 REASON FOR SELECTING THAT. 674 00:34:00,521 --> 00:34:02,490 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE WE HAVE 675 00:34:02,557 --> 00:34:08,463 LENGTH OF. 676 00:34:08,529 --> 00:34:11,866 IT GOES UP TO 28 MICRONS, THAT'S 677 00:34:11,933 --> 00:34:14,569 THE WAVELENGTHS AND THEN IT'S A 678 00:34:14,635 --> 00:34:16,704 VERY LONG WAVELENGTH RANGE AND 679 00:34:16,771 --> 00:34:18,840 WE WANTED A MATERIAL THAT WOULD 680 00:34:18,906 --> 00:34:20,074 REFLECT THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF 681 00:34:20,141 --> 00:34:21,175 PHOTONS. 682 00:34:21,242 --> 00:34:22,977 IF YOU PICK A MATERIAL THAT 683 00:34:23,044 --> 00:34:25,379 DOESN'T DO A GOOD JOB AT THAT, 684 00:34:25,446 --> 00:34:30,384 IT'S REALLY LIKE A USING A 685 00:34:30,451 --> 00:34:31,319 TELESCOPE. 686 00:34:31,385 --> 00:34:34,088 AND IT TURNS OUT GOLD HAS AN 687 00:34:34,155 --> 00:34:37,759 AMAZING REFLECTIVITY. 688 00:34:37,825 --> 00:34:40,895 IT'S 98% REFLECTIVE. 689 00:34:40,962 --> 00:34:42,730 SO WE WANTED TO GET AS MUCH 690 00:34:42,797 --> 00:34:45,299 THREW-PUT AS WE COULD. 691 00:34:45,366 --> 00:34:46,501 >> GOING BACK TO THE SOCIAL 692 00:34:46,567 --> 00:34:47,535 MEDIA QUESTIONS. 693 00:34:47,602 --> 00:34:50,605 THERE IS AN INSTRUMENT THAT WE 694 00:34:50,671 --> 00:34:52,707 NEED TO TALK MORE. 695 00:34:52,774 --> 00:34:58,079 WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE TO 696 00:34:58,146 --> 00:35:07,755 OBSERVING IN NEAR-INFRARED AND 697 00:35:07,822 --> 00:35:09,657 MID INFRARED? 698 00:35:09,724 --> 00:35:12,627 >> USUALLY WHEN WE LOOK AT 699 00:35:12,693 --> 00:35:14,695 OBJECTS, WHEN WE LOOK AT 700 00:35:14,762 --> 00:35:20,168 DIFFERENT OPPOSITE FALL WE WILL 701 00:35:20,234 --> 00:35:21,969 SEE THE OBJECTS IN A DIFFERENT 702 00:35:22,036 --> 00:35:22,770 WAY. 703 00:35:22,837 --> 00:35:27,375 WE CAN SEE AND MARCIA WAS 704 00:35:27,441 --> 00:35:29,911 TALKING ABOUT WITH THE INFRARED 705 00:35:29,977 --> 00:35:32,213 WE GO FORWARD WITH THE DUST AND 706 00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:34,048 WHAT IS BEHIND THE DUST. 707 00:35:34,115 --> 00:35:50,698 BUT WHEN GO TO MID, IT IS 708 00:35:50,765 --> 00:35:54,101 INTERESTING TO USE MIRI FOR THE 709 00:35:54,168 --> 00:35:59,140 MID-INFRARED. 710 00:35:59,207 --> 00:36:02,376 THE VERY DISTANCE GASSES. 711 00:36:02,443 --> 00:36:11,853 THEY'RE AND THEN THE IMMEDIATE, 712 00:36:11,919 --> 00:36:16,991 AND ONLY MIRI WILL SEE LIGHT. 713 00:36:17,058 --> 00:36:19,126 THE EXISTING POPULATION OF STARS 714 00:36:19,193 --> 00:36:22,697 AND THE ORDER OF POPULATION OF 715 00:36:22,763 --> 00:36:25,066 STARS IN THIS GALAXY. 716 00:36:25,132 --> 00:36:27,268 THESE ARE THINS THAT YOU COULD 717 00:36:27,335 --> 00:36:33,674 ONLY SEE. 718 00:36:33,741 --> 00:36:35,076 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 719 00:36:35,142 --> 00:36:36,477 GOING BACK TO OUR SOCIAL MEDIA 720 00:36:36,544 --> 00:36:37,178 QUESTIONS. 721 00:36:37,245 --> 00:36:39,080 WE HAVE ONE FROM JONATHAN OF THE 722 00:36:39,146 --> 00:36:40,081 BBC. 723 00:36:40,147 --> 00:36:41,349 THE QUESTION IS WHAT WILL YOU BE 724 00:36:41,415 --> 00:36:44,518 ABLE TO SEE IN EUROPA. 725 00:36:44,585 --> 00:36:45,753 ONCE AGAIN LOOKING FOR THE SIGNS 726 00:36:45,820 --> 00:36:46,587 OF LIFE. 727 00:36:46,654 --> 00:36:47,989 WOULD ANYBODY LIKE TO TALK ABOUT 728 00:36:48,055 --> 00:36:58,432 WHAT WE'LL BE ABLE TO SEE NEAR 729 00:36:58,499 --> 00:36:59,533 EUROPA? 730 00:36:59,600 --> 00:37:01,702 >> I'LL JUST SAY AS A PREFACE 731 00:37:01,769 --> 00:37:03,971 FOR THAT, WEBB LOOKS AT THINGS 732 00:37:04,038 --> 00:37:07,074 THAT PRE-POSED BY THE SCIENTIFIC 733 00:37:07,141 --> 00:37:07,708 COMMUNITY. 734 00:37:07,775 --> 00:37:10,378 EACH YEAR WE PUT IN A 735 00:37:10,444 --> 00:37:11,512 COMPETITION AND PEOPLE PUT IN 736 00:37:11,579 --> 00:37:13,514 WHAT THEY THINK ARE THE BEST 737 00:37:13,581 --> 00:37:24,425 IDEAS TO LOOK FOR.WE WILL LOOK 738 00:37:24,492 --> 00:37:27,395 AT THOSE TO SEE WHAT MIGHT 739 00:37:27,461 --> 00:37:31,098 NOBODY THOSE SET OF PLUMES. 740 00:37:31,165 --> 00:37:32,967 IF WE HAVEN'T DONE IT IN THAT 741 00:37:33,034 --> 00:37:34,936 FIRST YEAR, WE'LL PROBABLY DO IT 742 00:37:35,002 --> 00:37:36,203 IN THE SECOND YEAR BECAUSE THE 743 00:37:36,270 --> 00:37:37,772 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY IS ALWAYS 744 00:37:37,838 --> 00:37:41,375 COMING UP WITH NEW IDEAS AND 745 00:37:41,442 --> 00:37:48,082 THEY GET TO PROPOSE. 746 00:37:48,149 --> 00:37:49,717 >> ONCE AGAIN THIS IS A QUESTION 747 00:37:49,784 --> 00:37:50,985 ABOUT THE SCHEDULING. 748 00:37:51,052 --> 00:37:52,720 THIS IS NOT A TELESCOPE THAT YOU 749 00:37:52,787 --> 00:37:54,588 OPEN UP AND IT IMMEDIATELY 750 00:37:54,655 --> 00:37:55,389 WORKS. 751 00:37:55,456 --> 00:37:56,724 CAN YOU GIVE US THE TIME FRAME 752 00:37:56,791 --> 00:37:58,426 WHEN THAT WILL BE HAPPENING? 753 00:37:58,492 --> 00:38:00,227 >> YES WELL, THE REASON WHY WE 754 00:38:00,294 --> 00:38:02,663 CAN'T GET THINGS DONE FASTER IS 755 00:38:02,730 --> 00:38:16,444 THAT WE'RE. 756 00:38:16,510 --> 00:38:18,145 >> NIRCam WILL BE SENSITIVE A 757 00:38:18,212 --> 00:38:20,014 LITTLE AFTER 30 DAYS AND THE 758 00:38:20,081 --> 00:38:21,849 GUIDER A LITTLE BIT AFTER THAT. 759 00:38:21,916 --> 00:38:23,751 SO WE'LL BE USING THE GUIDER AND 760 00:38:23,818 --> 00:38:25,653 THE NIRCam INSTRUMENT TO HELP 761 00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:27,855 US WITH THE FOCUSING, BUT WE 762 00:38:27,922 --> 00:38:29,690 CAN'T GET STARTED UNTIL THEY GET 763 00:38:29,757 --> 00:38:31,592 COLD ENOUGH, THEN WE CAN'T ALIGN 764 00:38:31,659 --> 00:38:34,895 THE TELESCOPE FOR A MONTH 765 00:38:34,962 --> 00:38:37,765 BECAUSE WE NEED THE TELESCOPE SO 766 00:38:37,832 --> 00:38:43,237 COLD THAT IT LOOKS ARE AL WE 767 00:38:43,304 --> 00:38:45,006 SHOULD HAVE IS THE TELESCOPE 768 00:38:45,072 --> 00:38:47,174 FULLY ALIGNED, AND WE'LL BE 769 00:38:47,241 --> 00:38:56,283 HANDING IT OFF TO THE. 770 00:38:56,350 --> 00:38:59,620 >> OUR QUESTION IS FROM IRENE. 771 00:38:59,687 --> 00:39:00,554 YOUR LINE IS OPEN. 772 00:39:00,621 --> 00:39:01,756 >> THANKS. 773 00:39:01,822 --> 00:39:03,424 I WAS WONDERING IF THE FOUR 774 00:39:03,491 --> 00:39:05,793 INSTRUMENTS CAN OPERATE 775 00:39:05,860 --> 00:39:07,228 SIMULTANEOUSLY. 776 00:39:07,294 --> 00:39:09,230 OR DO THEY--OR IS THAT NOT 777 00:39:09,296 --> 00:39:10,097 POSSIBLE? 778 00:39:10,164 --> 00:39:12,166 ALSO, IS THERE SOME TECHNICAL 779 00:39:12,233 --> 00:39:16,404 REASON WHY THE NEAR-INFRARED 780 00:39:16,470 --> 00:39:19,173 IMAGER WAS SELECTED TO BE THE 781 00:39:19,240 --> 00:39:21,809 WAY FRONT CENTERING AWAY FROM 782 00:39:21,876 --> 00:39:38,492 SERVICES OVER THE MID- INFRARED 783 00:39:38,559 --> 00:39:43,898 HE OF YOU WANT TO USE THE 784 00:39:43,964 --> 00:39:45,166 SHAPING OF THE MIRROR. 785 00:39:45,232 --> 00:39:47,334 AND THE FIRST PART OF THE 786 00:39:47,401 --> 00:39:48,202 QUESTION? 787 00:39:48,269 --> 00:39:50,871 >> YES, IF THE FOUR INSTRUMENTS 788 00:39:50,938 --> 00:39:53,140 CAN OPERATE SIMULTANEOUSLY. 789 00:39:53,207 --> 00:39:55,609 >> YES, THEY CAN OPERATE 790 00:39:55,676 --> 00:39:56,977 SIMULTANEOUSLY. 791 00:39:57,044 --> 00:39:59,113 WE CALL THIS PARALLEL OBSERVING 792 00:39:59,180 --> 00:40:00,448 WHERE YOU CAN OPERATE MORE THAN 793 00:40:00,514 --> 00:40:02,416 ONE INSTRUMENT AT A TIME. 794 00:40:02,483 --> 00:40:03,684 AND THEY MAY BE LOOKING AT 795 00:40:03,751 --> 00:40:05,019 SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PIECES OF THE 796 00:40:05,086 --> 00:40:07,755 SKY FOR DIFFERENT REASONS. 797 00:40:07,822 --> 00:40:09,523 BUT THEY CAN OPERATE THEM AT THE 798 00:40:09,590 --> 00:40:12,793 SAME TIME AND BRING THOSE DATA 799 00:40:12,860 --> 00:40:14,995 PACK. 800 00:40:15,062 --> 00:40:16,397 >> EXCELLENT. 801 00:40:16,464 --> 00:40:17,498 ANYTHING TO ADD? 802 00:40:17,565 --> 00:40:18,766 GOING ON TO OUR NEXT QUESTION. 803 00:40:18,833 --> 00:40:22,069 THIS ONE, I THINK IS GOING TO GO 804 00:40:22,136 --> 00:40:25,906 TO RENE HOW FAST DOES THE 805 00:40:25,973 --> 00:40:30,044 STEERING MIRROR HAVE TO MOVE? 806 00:40:30,111 --> 00:40:38,486 HOW MANY ADJUSTS A NEXT WE NEED 807 00:40:38,552 --> 00:40:41,288 TO USE THESE 16 TIMES A SECOND. 808 00:40:41,355 --> 00:40:42,456 I CAN'T TELL YOU WHAT THE SPEED 809 00:40:42,523 --> 00:40:44,258 IS THAT THEY ARE. 810 00:40:44,325 --> 00:40:45,426 MAYBE LEE CAN ANSWER TO THAT 811 00:40:45,493 --> 00:40:46,160 ONE. 812 00:40:46,227 --> 00:40:52,099 >> THE LOOP IS AT ABOUT SECOND 813 00:40:52,166 --> 00:40:53,534 WE CLOSE THAT LOOP. 814 00:40:53,601 --> 00:40:55,236 THAT'S A LITTLE BIT SLOW. 815 00:40:55,302 --> 00:40:57,805 IT'S A LITTLE BIT FASTER, AND WE 816 00:40:57,872 --> 00:41:02,109 ARE AVENUE AS THE SPACECRAFT 817 00:41:02,176 --> 00:41:05,379 DRIFTS THERMALLY, SO THERE ARE 818 00:41:05,446 --> 00:41:06,881 SLOW EFFECTS THAT WE'RE TRYING 819 00:41:06,947 --> 00:41:09,216 TO AFFECT. 820 00:41:09,283 --> 00:41:14,522 >> GIFT UNITED NATIONS LET'S SEE 821 00:41:14,588 --> 00:41:16,624 IF THERE ARE ANY GETS COMING IN 822 00:41:16,690 --> 00:41:17,958 ON SOCIAL MEDIA. 823 00:41:18,025 --> 00:41:18,325 HERE IS ONE. 824 00:41:18,392 --> 00:41:25,366 HOW MUCH OF A WEB WILL BE ABLE 825 00:41:25,432 --> 00:41:36,443 TRACK MAJOR SURFACE FEATURES. 826 00:41:36,510 --> 00:41:40,648 >> I CAN TAKE THAT ONE. 827 00:41:40,714 --> 00:41:42,716 IT IS GOING TO BE VERY 828 00:41:42,783 --> 00:41:44,418 DIFFICULT, BUT IT HAS BEEN DONE 829 00:41:44,485 --> 00:41:51,559 OVER THE HUBBLE FOR EXACT 830 00:41:51,625 --> 00:41:54,128 ROTATION PERIODS AND EMITTING 831 00:41:54,195 --> 00:41:56,664 WINDS IN THESE ATMOSPHERES. 832 00:41:56,730 --> 00:41:58,532 WE THINK THAT WEBB WILL BE EVEN 833 00:41:58,599 --> 00:41:59,700 MORE DIFFICULT. 834 00:41:59,767 --> 00:42:04,939 BUT WE KNOW FROM PHYSICS THAT 835 00:42:05,005 --> 00:42:09,310 THESE PLANETS THAT EVOLVE AROUND 836 00:42:09,376 --> 00:42:10,911 THEIR STAR THEY'RE ALWAYS THE 837 00:42:10,978 --> 00:42:12,613 SAME FACE TO THEIR STAR. 838 00:42:12,680 --> 00:42:14,982 THEY'RE ROTATING WITHIN THE SAME 839 00:42:15,049 --> 00:42:19,353 PERIOD AS THEIR ORBITAL PERIOD. 840 00:42:19,420 --> 00:42:20,187 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 841 00:42:20,254 --> 00:42:21,355 WE HAVE A QUESTION COMING IN ON 842 00:42:21,422 --> 00:42:23,324 SOCIAL MEDIA ABOUT CONSTRUCTING 843 00:42:23,390 --> 00:42:26,093 THE MIRROR, ABOUT WHERE THIS 844 00:42:26,160 --> 00:42:28,729 MATERIAL CAME FROM. 845 00:42:28,796 --> 00:42:30,164 >> WELL, THIS IS ACTUALLY QUITE 846 00:42:30,231 --> 00:42:33,000 AN AMAZING STORY, AND IT REALLY 847 00:42:33,067 --> 00:42:40,841 WAS A TEAM EFFORT ACROSS THE 848 00:42:40,908 --> 00:42:45,112 ENTIRE UNITED STATES. 849 00:42:45,179 --> 00:42:46,447 IT CAME FROM UTAH. 850 00:42:46,513 --> 00:42:50,551 THAT'S WHERE THE BERYLLIUM WAS 851 00:42:50,618 --> 00:42:51,418 MINED. 852 00:42:51,485 --> 00:42:53,220 AND BLOCKS OF THAT WAS MADE JUST 853 00:42:53,287 --> 00:42:54,955 OUTSIDE OF CLEVELAND, OHIO. 854 00:42:55,022 --> 00:42:56,624 THEN THOSE BLOCKS WERE SENT TO 855 00:42:56,690 --> 00:42:57,725 ALABAMA WHERE THEY WERE 856 00:42:57,791 --> 00:42:58,959 MACHINED. 857 00:42:59,026 --> 00:43:00,527 AND THERE WAS A LARGE MACHINE 858 00:43:00,594 --> 00:43:02,263 SHOP THAT WE BUILT ESPECIALLY 859 00:43:02,329 --> 00:43:04,398 JUST FOR THESE MIRRORS. 860 00:43:04,465 --> 00:43:06,066 AFTER THEY WERE MACHINED, THAT 861 00:43:06,133 --> 00:43:08,736 MEANS LIGHTWEIGHTING THEM, THE 862 00:43:08,802 --> 00:43:21,382 MIRRORS WERE LARGE MIRRORS. 863 00:43:21,448 --> 00:43:21,949 AND THEN THEY WERE SENT FOR 864 00:43:22,016 --> 00:43:23,784 COATING OUTSIDE OF PHILADELPHIA. 865 00:43:23,851 --> 00:43:28,355 THEY MADE STOPS IN BOULDER, 866 00:43:28,422 --> 00:43:29,757 COLORADO WHERE THEY WERE 867 00:43:29,823 --> 00:43:32,192 ASSEMBLED, THEN THEY MADE A TRIP 868 00:43:32,259 --> 00:43:34,495 TO MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 869 00:43:34,561 --> 00:43:35,496 FOR TESTING. 870 00:43:35,562 --> 00:43:37,197 WE NEEDED TO TEST THEM IN COLD 871 00:43:37,264 --> 00:43:38,599 TEMPERATURES TO SEE HOW THEY 872 00:43:38,666 --> 00:43:40,434 DEFORMED AND THEN SENT THEM BACK 873 00:43:40,501 --> 00:43:43,437 FOR POLISHING AND MEASUREMENTS 874 00:43:43,504 --> 00:43:45,406 AND THEN FINALLY THEY CAME HERE 875 00:43:45,472 --> 00:43:46,807 TO GODDARD WHERE THEY WERE 876 00:43:46,874 --> 00:43:48,342 ASSEMBLED. 877 00:43:48,409 --> 00:43:49,810 >> A QUESTION FROM SOCIAL MEDIA 878 00:43:49,877 --> 00:43:50,277 AGAIN. 879 00:43:50,344 --> 00:43:56,250 HOW MANY MORE REACTION WHEELS 880 00:43:56,317 --> 00:43:59,820 DINED ARE ALLOWED TO OPERATE. 881 00:43:59,887 --> 00:44:01,555 ALSO HOW MANY REACTION WHEELS 882 00:44:01,622 --> 00:44:02,656 ARE THERE? 883 00:44:02,723 --> 00:44:03,624 MORE THAN THREE? 884 00:44:03,691 --> 00:44:09,430 AND. 885 00:44:09,496 --> 00:44:11,498 >> WELL, ON WEBB THEY'RE 886 00:44:11,565 --> 00:44:12,599 DIFFERENT THAN THE ONES THAT 887 00:44:12,666 --> 00:44:26,947 WERE PUT ON KEFLER. 888 00:44:27,014 --> 00:44:31,952 WE HAVE TEN YEARS WORTH OF FUEL. 889 00:44:32,019 --> 00:44:34,188 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 890 00:44:34,254 --> 00:44:35,456 THIS IS ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR 891 00:44:35,522 --> 00:44:36,190 TODAY. 892 00:44:36,256 --> 00:44:37,591 THANK YOU SO MUCH TO OUR GUESTS 893 00:44:37,658 --> 00:44:39,026 AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AS 894 00:44:39,093 --> 00:44:44,732 WE COUNT DOWN TO THE AMAZING 895 00:44:44,798 --> 00:44:44,965 LAUNCH. 896 00:44:45,032 --> 00:44:47,151 I'M MICHELLE THALLER AT GODDARD 897 00:44:47,151 --> 00:44:49,303 SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. 898 00:44:49,303 --> 00:44:51,188 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 899 00:44:51,188 --> 00:44:57,027 [MUSIC]