1
00:00:49,382 --> 00:00:51,418
>> welcome.

2
00:00:51,484 --> 00:00:53,086
For the next few hours and the

3
00:00:53,153 --> 00:00:54,654
next few weeks I will be your

4
00:00:54,721 --> 00:00:55,989
host at the beginning of a new

5
00:00:56,056 --> 00:00:58,091
adventure to find our place in

6
00:00:58,158 --> 00:01:00,627
this vast cosmos and our role in

7
00:01:00,693 --> 00:01:02,595
a story that takes us back to

8
00:01:02,662 --> 00:01:04,030
the beginning of time.

9
00:01:04,097 --> 00:01:05,698
Approximately 30 days from now

10
00:01:05,765 --> 00:01:08,068
NASA and the European partners

11
00:01:08,134 --> 00:01:09,736
will launch a new observatory in

12
00:01:09,803 --> 00:01:11,771
the space of such ambition,

13
00:01:11,838 --> 00:01:13,406
inventiveness, and boldness of

14
00:01:13,473 --> 00:01:16,943
vision that it promises and a

15
00:01:17,010 --> 00:01:19,012
highly new view of our universe,

16
00:01:19,079 --> 00:01:20,547
this is the James Webb space

17
00:01:20,613 --> 00:01:22,115
telescope and this new universe

18
00:01:22,182 --> 00:01:23,950
is almost here.

19
00:01:24,017 --> 00:01:25,685
Standing here on the shore of

20
00:01:25,752 --> 00:01:27,587
the cosmic ocean we are about to

21
00:01:27,654 --> 00:01:29,255
take the next step on a journey

22
00:01:29,322 --> 00:01:31,357
that is as old as a -- old as

23
00:01:31,424 --> 00:01:32,459
humanity itself.

24
00:01:32,525 --> 00:01:33,393
For the first have a look at the

25
00:01:33,460 --> 00:01:34,461
stars and wondered what they

26
00:01:34,527 --> 00:01:35,962
were to the advent of new

27
00:01:36,029 --> 00:01:38,031
telescopes and new technologies

28
00:01:38,098 --> 00:01:40,266
web is next in line to take us

29
00:01:40,333 --> 00:01:41,868
closer to an understanding of

30
00:01:41,935 --> 00:01:43,803
where we are, where we came

31
00:01:43,870 --> 00:01:45,438
from, and also where we are

32
00:01:45,505 --> 00:01:47,607
going, today we will start by

33
00:01:47,674 --> 00:01:48,842
talking but the main science

34
00:01:48,908 --> 00:01:50,677
goals of the Webb telescope in

35
00:01:50,743 --> 00:01:52,712
the dive in, I'm joined by Greg

36
00:01:52,779 --> 00:01:54,414
Robinson who is the program

37
00:01:54,481 --> 00:01:58,251
director of the Greg, Alta

38
00:01:58,318 --> 00:02:00,253
mascot and get closer to you.

39
00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:01,154
You are here to represent a

40
00:02:01,221 --> 00:02:07,694
large team today aren't you?

41
00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:09,162
>> yes I'm here to represent the

42
00:02:09,229 --> 00:02:09,996
team.

43
00:02:10,063 --> 00:02:11,164
I want to thank all the team

44
00:02:11,231 --> 00:02:12,232
joining us today around the

45
00:02:12,298 --> 00:02:13,466
world.

46
00:02:13,533 --> 00:02:15,902
This is a long journey.

47
00:02:15,969 --> 00:02:18,238
And we have a long way to go.

48
00:02:18,304 --> 00:02:20,206
Also I want to think the more

49
00:02:20,273 --> 00:02:21,641
than 10,000 people who work on

50
00:02:21,708 --> 00:02:23,209
Web to make this possible

51
00:02:23,276 --> 00:02:23,810
including our era PAs in space

52
00:02:23,877 --> 00:02:30,283
partners and across 29 states

53
00:02:30,350 --> 00:02:32,352
and 14 countries.

54
00:02:32,418 --> 00:02:33,820
A lot of people went into making

55
00:02:33,887 --> 00:02:35,788
this possible and to give you an

56
00:02:35,855 --> 00:02:38,858
update, status, we completed INT

57
00:02:38,925 --> 00:02:40,693
in Southern California back in

58
00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:43,096
the Summer and we pushed the

59
00:02:43,163 --> 00:02:45,665
boat from late September and it

60
00:02:45,732 --> 00:02:50,470
arrived in October 12.

61
00:02:50,537 --> 00:02:54,674
Since then it is getting ready

62
00:02:54,741 --> 00:02:59,112
in parallel we are processing an

63
00:02:59,179 --> 00:03:00,513
area on five rocket getting

64
00:03:00,580 --> 00:03:04,117
ready and in the few days we

65
00:03:04,184 --> 00:03:06,119
will move over to the

66
00:03:06,186 --> 00:03:16,362
integration facility.

67
00:03:16,429 --> 00:03:18,131
This is not the end, right after

68
00:03:18,198 --> 00:03:22,435
launch in Baltimore will take

69
00:03:22,502 --> 00:03:24,571
over her operations and we have

70
00:03:24,637 --> 00:03:25,738
about six months of

71
00:03:25,805 --> 00:03:26,739
commissioning to get the

72
00:03:26,806 --> 00:03:29,642
spacecraft ready for those first

73
00:03:29,709 --> 00:03:31,644
two big images we spoke a lot

74
00:03:31,711 --> 00:03:34,280
about from the scientists.

75
00:03:34,347 --> 00:03:35,915
I am looking forward to this and

76
00:03:35,982 --> 00:03:38,084
we are getting very very close.

77
00:03:38,151 --> 00:03:40,853
Stay tuned and I am extremely

78
00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:43,223
extremely amazed.

79
00:03:43,289 --> 00:03:44,624
>> it is so wonderful to have

80
00:03:44,691 --> 00:03:45,525
you here thank you for joining

81
00:03:45,592 --> 00:03:47,260
us today.

82
00:03:47,327 --> 00:03:50,663
>> obviously the game --

83
00:03:50,730 --> 00:03:52,265
obviously this represents

84
00:03:52,332 --> 00:03:53,466
thousands of people who work on

85
00:03:53,533 --> 00:03:55,034
this mission for a long time but

86
00:03:55,101 --> 00:03:56,603
if one person had to be the

87
00:03:56,669 --> 00:03:59,672
parent, the father of this would

88
00:03:59,739 --> 00:04:02,342
be my next thing Jon Mather,

89
00:04:02,408 --> 00:04:03,810
Jon, thank you for joining us

90
00:04:03,876 --> 00:04:04,978
today.

91
00:04:05,044 --> 00:04:07,547
>> I am smiling inside my mask.

92
00:04:07,614 --> 00:04:09,983
I am proud to be here as one of

93
00:04:10,049 --> 00:04:12,118
the many fathers and mothers of

94
00:04:12,185 --> 00:04:13,653
this telescope.

95
00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:15,455
Do you know that this telescope

96
00:04:15,521 --> 00:04:18,291
is so powerful that if weighing

97
00:04:18,358 --> 00:04:21,394
240,000 -- 240,000 miles away

98
00:04:21,461 --> 00:04:22,262
this is the distance of the

99
00:04:22,328 --> 00:04:23,896
earth and the moon and we would

100
00:04:23,963 --> 00:04:26,866
be able to see not if you're on

101
00:04:26,933 --> 00:04:27,934
the moon but the distance of the

102
00:04:28,001 --> 00:04:29,002
moon.

103
00:04:29,068 --> 00:04:30,103
What will he do with this?

104
00:04:30,169 --> 00:04:31,871
Look at everything there is in

105
00:04:31,938 --> 00:04:33,840
the universe that we can say.

106
00:04:33,906 --> 00:04:35,241
We want to know how we got here

107
00:04:35,308 --> 00:04:37,043
from the Big Bang, how does that

108
00:04:37,110 --> 00:04:38,011
work?

109
00:04:38,077 --> 00:04:40,480
And so look P Eric we have ideas

110
00:04:40,546 --> 00:04:42,081
we have predictions but we do

111
00:04:42,148 --> 00:04:45,985
not so the way we think it is is

112
00:04:46,052 --> 00:04:51,691
that the universe is expanding.

113
00:04:51,758 --> 00:04:53,526
The speed is proportional to the

114
00:04:53,593 --> 00:04:56,262
distance and then you divide it

115
00:04:56,329 --> 00:04:57,297
and you get the age of the

116
00:04:57,363 --> 00:04:59,499
universe about 13.5 million

117
00:04:59,565 --> 00:04:59,966
years.

118
00:05:00,033 --> 00:05:00,600
What happened to that?

119
00:05:00,667 --> 00:05:03,436
We think the early universe

120
00:05:03,503 --> 00:05:04,971
before they were galaxies and

121
00:05:05,038 --> 00:05:07,206
stars and planets was very hot

122
00:05:07,273 --> 00:05:09,442
and dense and it was a little

123
00:05:09,509 --> 00:05:11,311
bit lumpy which how would you

124
00:05:11,377 --> 00:05:11,611
know that?

125
00:05:11,678 --> 00:05:14,447
NASA launched the satellite

126
00:05:14,514 --> 00:05:16,316
background explore on this day

127
00:05:16,382 --> 00:05:19,218
32 years ago and we measured and

128
00:05:19,285 --> 00:05:21,254
sought not only is the Big Bang

129
00:05:21,321 --> 00:05:23,189
story right but it has a

130
00:05:23,256 --> 00:05:25,258
primordial -- primordial see

131
00:05:25,325 --> 00:05:26,225
that would grow up to become

132
00:05:26,292 --> 00:05:28,428
galaxies so we know the story is

133
00:05:28,494 --> 00:05:30,096
probably right and now we have

134
00:05:30,163 --> 00:05:31,998
movies that we can show that

135
00:05:32,065 --> 00:05:33,066
shows you what the computer

136
00:05:33,132 --> 00:05:34,734
thinks may have happened if this

137
00:05:34,801 --> 00:05:36,436
is the correct story.

138
00:05:36,502 --> 00:05:38,171
That is our idea and now we do

139
00:05:38,237 --> 00:05:39,672
want to check it by observing

140
00:05:39,739 --> 00:05:41,474
everything we can.

141
00:05:41,541 --> 00:05:42,842
What we think happened in the

142
00:05:42,909 --> 00:05:45,445
early times, small galaxies were

143
00:05:45,511 --> 00:05:48,981
formed very the gravitational

144
00:05:49,048 --> 00:05:51,084
forces pulled it together and

145
00:05:51,150 --> 00:05:52,218
they collided with each other

146
00:05:52,285 --> 00:05:53,986
and got bigger and bigger than

147
00:05:54,053 --> 00:05:55,321
the galaxies merged with each

148
00:05:55,388 --> 00:05:57,790
other and that happened and

149
00:05:57,857 --> 00:05:58,925
there was a black hole in the

150
00:05:58,991 --> 00:06:00,626
middle and they already merge

151
00:06:00,693 --> 00:06:02,061
together as well and that's one

152
00:06:02,128 --> 00:06:04,130
of our big questions wear the

153
00:06:04,197 --> 00:06:07,266
holes come from and then the

154
00:06:07,333 --> 00:06:09,035
universe continues to expand in

155
00:06:09,102 --> 00:06:10,937
the galaxies rush apart and we

156
00:06:11,003 --> 00:06:12,305
are here wondering how did this

157
00:06:12,372 --> 00:06:12,739
all happen?

158
00:06:12,805 --> 00:06:14,807
And so we do want to look at

159
00:06:14,874 --> 00:06:16,409
those first galaxies growing and

160
00:06:16,476 --> 00:06:20,313
we also want to look at clouds

161
00:06:20,380 --> 00:06:23,216
of growing -- glowing gas and

162
00:06:23,282 --> 00:06:25,084
dust so it's beautiful to look

163
00:06:25,151 --> 00:06:26,753
at and astronomers will say,

164
00:06:26,819 --> 00:06:28,988
well, what is inside?

165
00:06:29,055 --> 00:06:30,156
So we look at them and they are

166
00:06:30,223 --> 00:06:36,195
dark with dark areas of dust.

167
00:06:36,262 --> 00:06:38,564
But, we can see them with

168
00:06:38,631 --> 00:06:40,533
infrared, infrared light will go

169
00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:42,034
around the dust instead of

170
00:06:42,101 --> 00:06:43,803
bouncing off and so we can see

171
00:06:43,870 --> 00:06:45,705
that with the web telescope

172
00:06:45,772 --> 00:06:47,206
that's one of our top goal is to

173
00:06:47,273 --> 00:06:48,875
see how stars grow with their

174
00:06:48,941 --> 00:06:50,410
young planets.

175
00:06:50,476 --> 00:06:52,311
That is what we will do.

176
00:06:52,378 --> 00:06:54,046
We will look at the Soler system

177
00:06:54,113 --> 00:06:58,985
as well.

178
00:06:59,051 --> 00:07:00,319
Excuse me that was the wrong

179
00:07:00,386 --> 00:07:03,790
word.

180
00:07:03,856 --> 00:07:04,891
We will look at these various

181
00:07:04,957 --> 00:07:07,794
instruments excuse me, I will

182
00:07:07,860 --> 00:07:09,429
see the wavelength range where

183
00:07:09,495 --> 00:07:12,265
we want to show how the web

184
00:07:12,331 --> 00:07:13,800
telescope fits in between the

185
00:07:13,866 --> 00:07:14,834
different instruments that we

186
00:07:14,901 --> 00:07:17,437
had before.

187
00:07:17,503 --> 00:07:18,805
We have different kind of lights

188
00:07:18,871 --> 00:07:21,107
-- light waves on the picture

189
00:07:21,174 --> 00:07:23,042
the Hubble telescope observes

190
00:07:23,109 --> 00:07:24,444
the light as you can see it

191
00:07:24,510 --> 00:07:25,945
observes ultraviolet which will

192
00:07:26,012 --> 00:07:27,513
give you a sunburnt and give you

193
00:07:27,580 --> 00:07:28,981
a little bit of infrared but the

194
00:07:29,048 --> 00:07:30,783
web telescope goes next it

195
00:07:30,850 --> 00:07:33,152
observes the wavelength that you

196
00:07:33,219 --> 00:07:34,387
can see see that it goes all the

197
00:07:34,454 --> 00:07:36,622
way out to infrared 28 microns

198
00:07:36,689 --> 00:07:37,857
wavelength which you cannot see

199
00:07:37,924 --> 00:07:39,859
it all and then it complements

200
00:07:39,926 --> 00:07:41,961
this space telescope that has

201
00:07:42,028 --> 00:07:43,262
been up there for a long time

202
00:07:43,329 --> 00:07:44,630
and has now finished the job and

203
00:07:44,697 --> 00:07:45,765
it went down to even a longer

204
00:07:45,832 --> 00:07:46,933
wavelength.

205
00:07:46,999 --> 00:07:49,569
That is what we and what we are

206
00:07:49,635 --> 00:07:51,037
working with.

207
00:07:51,103 --> 00:07:53,072
We will look at all the objects

208
00:07:53,139 --> 00:07:55,675
in the Soler system, the objects

209
00:07:55,741 --> 00:07:57,176
in the Soler system beginning

210
00:07:57,243 --> 00:07:58,945
with Mars and going all the way

211
00:07:59,011 --> 00:08:01,414
out and so if you look -- we

212
00:08:01,481 --> 00:08:02,482
should not look at it closer to

213
00:08:02,548 --> 00:08:03,649
the sun because the telescope

214
00:08:03,716 --> 00:08:05,518
would get too hot but we can

215
00:08:05,585 --> 00:08:06,953
look at Mars and it's moving of

216
00:08:07,019 --> 00:08:08,120
course we have to be able to

217
00:08:08,187 --> 00:08:10,289
track a moving object looking at

218
00:08:10,356 --> 00:08:13,793
monitors and the orbit around

219
00:08:13,860 --> 00:08:16,095
Jupiter and Europa has an ocean

220
00:08:16,162 --> 00:08:17,563
covered with ice and we know

221
00:08:17,630 --> 00:08:19,131
that because we sent a satellite

222
00:08:19,198 --> 00:08:20,433
to probe it.

223
00:08:20,500 --> 00:08:22,201
And in between the blocks of ice

224
00:08:22,268 --> 00:08:24,136
there are waters that come out

225
00:08:24,203 --> 00:08:25,705
and we will send a mission out

226
00:08:25,771 --> 00:08:26,973
there to fly through the water

227
00:08:27,039 --> 00:08:28,508
jets to see what is the ocean

228
00:08:28,574 --> 00:08:30,476
like maybe it has molecules in

229
00:08:30,543 --> 00:08:34,013
it, may be it has signs of life,

230
00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:35,381
that will be interesting.

231
00:08:35,448 --> 00:08:37,350
We will look at Titan which is a

232
00:08:37,416 --> 00:08:40,253
cold large satellite of Saturn.

233
00:08:40,319 --> 00:08:42,588
It is so cold that it is able to

234
00:08:42,655 --> 00:08:46,058
hold a liquid oceans of methane.

235
00:08:46,125 --> 00:08:48,294
And it has clouds and rain and

236
00:08:48,361 --> 00:08:50,429
rivers and lakes and we are

237
00:08:50,496 --> 00:08:52,532
sending it out there with a

238
00:08:52,598 --> 00:08:54,300
helicopter to fly around and

239
00:08:54,367 --> 00:08:55,568
explore.

240
00:08:55,635 --> 00:08:56,702
We will look at all of these

241
00:08:56,769 --> 00:08:59,138
things way out there, everything

242
00:08:59,205 --> 00:09:00,973
from the most distant galaxies

243
00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:02,308
in the first galaxies in the

244
00:09:02,375 --> 00:09:04,577
early universe to everything at

245
00:09:04,644 --> 00:09:07,847
home and we will look at this

246
00:09:07,914 --> 00:09:10,516
planet around another star.

247
00:09:10,583 --> 00:09:12,318
It's hard to see them but once

248
00:09:12,385 --> 00:09:13,452
in a while a planet will go in

249
00:09:13,519 --> 00:09:15,187
front of it star the star will

250
00:09:15,254 --> 00:09:16,689
blink a little bit and you can

251
00:09:16,756 --> 00:09:18,291
say okay I know there is a

252
00:09:18,357 --> 00:09:19,725
planet there.

253
00:09:19,792 --> 00:09:21,527
Our special capability here is

254
00:09:21,594 --> 00:09:23,029
some of the starlight will go to

255
00:09:23,095 --> 00:09:24,764
the atmosphere of the planet on

256
00:09:24,830 --> 00:09:26,198
the way to our telescope and we

257
00:09:26,265 --> 00:09:28,000
can analyze the atmosphere and

258
00:09:28,067 --> 00:09:29,502
say what is in it?

259
00:09:29,569 --> 00:09:31,070
Molecules are very kind and

260
00:09:31,137 --> 00:09:32,538
especially water which is

261
00:09:32,605 --> 00:09:33,940
interesting.

262
00:09:34,006 --> 00:09:37,643
There is a wet planet out, we

263
00:09:37,710 --> 00:09:38,844
have all the other four

264
00:09:38,911 --> 00:09:40,279
instruments to examine all these

265
00:09:40,346 --> 00:09:42,748
things there is a near red

266
00:09:42,815 --> 00:09:44,717
camera that comes from the U.S.,

267
00:09:44,784 --> 00:09:46,452
there is a infrared spectrograph

268
00:09:46,519 --> 00:09:47,820
that's mostly from Europe with

269
00:09:47,887 --> 00:09:49,488
some United States parts and

270
00:09:49,555 --> 00:09:50,756
there is a mid infrared

271
00:09:50,823 --> 00:09:52,158
instrument a partnership between

272
00:09:52,224 --> 00:09:53,759
Europe and the United States,

273
00:09:53,826 --> 00:09:58,764
and there is far infrared --

274
00:09:58,831 --> 00:10:00,499
near infrared spectrum from

275
00:10:00,566 --> 00:10:03,135
Canada along with the fine bed

276
00:10:03,202 --> 00:10:04,604
detector to make sure we will

277
00:10:04,670 --> 00:10:06,606
get sharp picture, all of these

278
00:10:06,672 --> 00:10:08,374
are complete and working and in

279
00:10:08,441 --> 00:10:11,544
the observatory ready to fly.

280
00:10:11,611 --> 00:10:12,912
If you think about what you will

281
00:10:12,979 --> 00:10:16,882
see with them.

282
00:10:16,949 --> 00:10:18,317
>> it is an honor to have you

283
00:10:18,384 --> 00:10:20,886
here today.

284
00:10:20,953 --> 00:10:22,888
For our next guest, it is

285
00:10:22,955 --> 00:10:24,023
important to remember that this

286
00:10:24,090 --> 00:10:24,824
mission has been an

287
00:10:24,890 --> 00:10:26,058
international partnership from

288
00:10:26,125 --> 00:10:27,793
the beginning and so represented

289
00:10:27,860 --> 00:10:29,462
the European space agency I am

290
00:10:29,528 --> 00:10:30,930
pleased to have with me

291
00:10:30,997 --> 00:10:34,233
Antonella's.

292
00:10:34,300 --> 00:10:36,302
Tell us about the European space

293
00:10:36,369 --> 00:10:38,604
agency contribution to this.

294
00:10:38,671 --> 00:10:40,206
>> it is a pleasure to be here I

295
00:10:40,272 --> 00:10:43,009
want to tell are absolutely

296
00:10:43,075 --> 00:10:44,543
thrilled to be part of this

297
00:10:44,610 --> 00:10:47,346
magnificent mission with NASA

298
00:10:47,413 --> 00:10:49,749
and the Canadian space agency.

299
00:10:49,815 --> 00:10:51,183
It is and an international

300
00:10:51,250 --> 00:10:53,219
partnership over decades of work

301
00:10:53,285 --> 00:10:54,654
on the Hubble space telescope

302
00:10:54,720 --> 00:10:57,390
and we are positive that there

303
00:10:57,456 --> 00:10:58,858
will be future collaborations in

304
00:10:58,924 --> 00:11:00,092
the future because that is the

305
00:11:00,159 --> 00:11:02,028
only way to do these big big and

306
00:11:02,094 --> 00:11:04,230
vicious missions like this.

307
00:11:04,296 --> 00:11:07,333
The contribution to the

308
00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:09,935
providing mission are threefold,

309
00:11:10,002 --> 00:11:11,771
first is a launcher, the

310
00:11:11,837 --> 00:11:14,106
unidentified rocket which is

311
00:11:14,173 --> 00:11:17,276
from the European space team and

312
00:11:17,343 --> 00:11:19,979
if we then deliver this powerful

313
00:11:20,046 --> 00:11:22,548
telescope to the start of the

314
00:11:22,615 --> 00:11:24,517
journey to explore the universe

315
00:11:24,583 --> 00:11:26,686
and and the contribution is

316
00:11:26,752 --> 00:11:27,787
immense.

317
00:11:27,853 --> 00:11:33,259
The new year's back.

318
00:11:33,325 --> 00:11:35,494
Talking about five for just one

319
00:11:35,561 --> 00:11:37,630
more second, the five is

320
00:11:37,697 --> 00:11:39,865
actually an impressive rocket it

321
00:11:39,932 --> 00:11:41,500
is powerful.

322
00:11:41,567 --> 00:11:42,702
It's been in operation since

323
00:11:42,768 --> 00:11:45,705
1996 and it has more than 100

324
00:11:45,771 --> 00:11:50,776
successful launches including --

325
00:11:50,843 --> 00:11:52,445
coming back to the instrument,

326
00:11:52,511 --> 00:11:54,313
what kind of science that the

327
00:11:54,380 --> 00:11:55,948
instrument used?

328
00:11:56,015 --> 00:11:56,849
Before we talk about the

329
00:11:56,916 --> 00:11:58,417
science, I think it is important

330
00:11:58,484 --> 00:12:04,957
to remember that we will of

331
00:12:05,024 --> 00:12:07,026
course take beautiful images but

332
00:12:07,093 --> 00:12:11,430
spectra will be the sign why?

333
00:12:11,497 --> 00:12:14,500
Because Spectra is what tell us

334
00:12:14,567 --> 00:12:18,037
us what materials are made of.

335
00:12:18,104 --> 00:12:20,206
Why the images are beautiful and

336
00:12:20,272 --> 00:12:22,441
spectacular but they tell us the

337
00:12:22,508 --> 00:12:24,043
morphologies and with the object

338
00:12:24,110 --> 00:12:25,945
looks like but astronomers want

339
00:12:26,011 --> 00:12:27,446
to know the composition and so

340
00:12:27,513 --> 00:12:29,582
to do that they need to split

341
00:12:29,648 --> 00:12:33,252
the line and its components like

342
00:12:33,319 --> 00:12:35,921
this it does exactly that, rain

343
00:12:35,988 --> 00:12:38,524
droplets split the sunlight and

344
00:12:38,591 --> 00:12:40,159
its colors we see a rainbow

345
00:12:40,226 --> 00:12:42,595
after the thunderstorm.

346
00:12:42,661 --> 00:12:45,898
The spectrograph will produce

347
00:12:45,965 --> 00:12:48,901
the spectacular information to

348
00:12:48,968 --> 00:12:53,239
use because while an image is

349
00:12:53,305 --> 00:12:55,107
worth a thousand words like we

350
00:12:55,174 --> 00:12:57,843
say spectra for anonymous others

351
00:12:57,910 --> 00:12:59,078
that are astronomers is worth a

352
00:12:59,145 --> 00:13:00,613
thousand images, what kind of

353
00:13:00,679 --> 00:13:06,619
objects with a -- what kind of

354
00:13:06,685 --> 00:13:08,354
objects will they observe?

355
00:13:08,420 --> 00:13:11,457
>> 40 percent of the time during

356
00:13:11,524 --> 00:13:13,759
the first cycle and we look at

357
00:13:13,826 --> 00:13:16,395
one of the things for sure and

358
00:13:16,462 --> 00:13:18,063
that is the distance of the

359
00:13:18,130 --> 00:13:19,765
universe.

360
00:13:19,832 --> 00:13:23,002
If you remember if you remember

361
00:13:23,068 --> 00:13:25,638
the same the same galaxies then

362
00:13:25,704 --> 00:13:27,873
they can take spectra from them

363
00:13:27,940 --> 00:13:29,508
and because of the innovative

364
00:13:29,575 --> 00:13:31,343
design we will be able to take

365
00:13:31,410 --> 00:13:33,279
hundreds of spectra at the same

366
00:13:33,345 --> 00:13:35,614
time in one single exposure

367
00:13:35,681 --> 00:13:38,150
extremely efficient and so we

368
00:13:38,217 --> 00:13:39,752
can't wait to see the first

369
00:13:39,819 --> 00:13:42,922
spectra of the median for the

370
00:13:42,988 --> 00:13:46,025
camera spectra will look through

371
00:13:46,091 --> 00:13:48,994
them the dark and well, for

372
00:13:49,061 --> 00:13:52,431
example, see the emerging stars,

373
00:13:52,498 --> 00:13:53,666
one of the key questions in

374
00:13:53,732 --> 00:13:55,835
astronomy is still, how do stars

375
00:13:55,901 --> 00:13:59,305
farm -- form?

376
00:13:59,371 --> 00:14:00,539
And we will be able to observe

377
00:14:00,606 --> 00:14:02,274
baby stars as they observe their

378
00:14:02,341 --> 00:14:04,176
cocoon the first million years

379
00:14:04,243 --> 00:14:06,078
of their lives like for example,

380
00:14:06,145 --> 00:14:12,117
in like this you can see still

381
00:14:12,184 --> 00:14:13,552
but we know there are thousands

382
00:14:13,619 --> 00:14:14,787
and thousands of baby stars

383
00:14:14,854 --> 00:14:17,156
there we just cannot see them.

384
00:14:17,223 --> 00:14:19,124
And finally, I want to conclude

385
00:14:19,191 --> 00:14:21,393
saying that the European

386
00:14:21,460 --> 00:14:24,830
community is extremely engaged

387
00:14:24,897 --> 00:14:27,600
and committed and ready to go.

388
00:14:27,666 --> 00:14:29,401
We are just waiting.

389
00:14:29,468 --> 00:14:31,170
If we look at the map of Europe

390
00:14:31,237 --> 00:14:33,706
every single thought is an

391
00:14:33,772 --> 00:14:35,741
institution or center that has

392
00:14:35,808 --> 00:14:38,844
played a role in this and so web

393
00:14:38,911 --> 00:14:41,046
is pretty much in every single

394
00:14:41,113 --> 00:14:44,817
one and seven we collectively do

395
00:14:44,884 --> 00:14:47,052
a countdown to gather and count

396
00:14:47,119 --> 00:14:48,454
-- and we cannot wait to see the

397
00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:50,222
first picture.

398
00:14:50,289 --> 00:14:52,291
>> thank you for joining us I'm

399
00:14:52,358 --> 00:14:53,559
glad to know that all of our

400
00:14:53,626 --> 00:14:54,760
European friends are waiting for

401
00:14:54,827 --> 00:14:56,495
the launch as well.

402
00:14:56,562 --> 00:14:58,063
>> keeping on the theme of

403
00:14:58,130 --> 00:14:59,565
international collaboration for

404
00:14:59,632 --> 00:15:01,433
the space telescope, joining us

405
00:15:01,500 --> 00:15:03,369
now from Montréal Sarah

406
00:15:03,435 --> 00:15:05,271
Gallagher represented the

407
00:15:05,337 --> 00:15:06,972
Canadian space agency.

408
00:15:07,039 --> 00:15:08,507
Sarah, it's excellent to have

409
00:15:08,574 --> 00:15:09,742
you here today tell us about

410
00:15:09,808 --> 00:15:11,043
Canada's involvement in web

411
00:15:11,110 --> 00:15:12,678
telescope.

412
00:15:12,745 --> 00:15:14,446
>> thank you Michelle, I am

413
00:15:14,513 --> 00:15:16,115
delighted to be here and we so

414
00:15:16,181 --> 00:15:17,283
proud to be a partner for this

415
00:15:17,349 --> 00:15:18,817
exciting mission.

416
00:15:18,884 --> 00:15:20,052
As we have heard Kennedy is

417
00:15:20,119 --> 00:15:21,186
contributing to important

418
00:15:21,253 --> 00:15:23,656
elements to the web telescope,

419
00:15:23,722 --> 00:15:28,193
the fine spectrograph which we

420
00:15:28,260 --> 00:15:30,863
effectually call Nero and these

421
00:15:30,930 --> 00:15:32,431
two instruments are combined

422
00:15:32,498 --> 00:15:33,899
into a single structure within

423
00:15:33,966 --> 00:15:36,068
the telescope pair these two

424
00:15:36,135 --> 00:15:37,937
contribution showcase our

425
00:15:38,003 --> 00:15:39,772
excellent industrial capacity to

426
00:15:39,838 --> 00:15:42,241
support this astronomy.

427
00:15:42,308 --> 00:15:43,976
The fine guidance Center will be

428
00:15:44,043 --> 00:15:45,911
used between all scientific

429
00:15:45,978 --> 00:15:47,413
observations used by web by

430
00:15:47,479 --> 00:15:48,414
using the star field to

431
00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:50,282
determine exactly where the

432
00:15:50,349 --> 00:15:52,151
telescope is looking the system

433
00:15:52,217 --> 00:15:54,153
will enable what is needed to

434
00:15:54,219 --> 00:15:55,888
give us the exquisite images

435
00:15:55,955 --> 00:15:57,089
that we are still looking for

436
00:15:57,156 --> 00:15:58,290
retail.

437
00:15:58,357 --> 00:15:59,491
Of the Canadian astronomy

438
00:15:59,558 --> 00:16:01,827
community is so excited and

439
00:16:01,894 --> 00:16:03,762
fully engaged in the opportunity

440
00:16:03,829 --> 00:16:05,864
afforded by our participation in

441
00:16:05,931 --> 00:16:07,633
the web telescope and we have

442
00:16:07,700 --> 00:16:09,201
plans of lots of exciting

443
00:16:09,268 --> 00:16:10,869
exploration.

444
00:16:10,936 --> 00:16:12,271
Some of the first studies will

445
00:16:12,338 --> 00:16:13,839
include observations in the

446
00:16:13,906 --> 00:16:17,443
region around the stars to study

447
00:16:17,509 --> 00:16:19,144
how the powerhouses affect their

448
00:16:19,211 --> 00:16:21,013
environment and the studies will

449
00:16:21,080 --> 00:16:23,282
happen early in the observing

450
00:16:23,349 --> 00:16:25,017
plan with some of the early

451
00:16:25,084 --> 00:16:27,119
science observations.

452
00:16:27,186 --> 00:16:28,687
As we get closer to launch we

453
00:16:28,754 --> 00:16:30,422
feel a growing enthusiasm in the

454
00:16:30,489 --> 00:16:32,124
community for the science that

455
00:16:32,191 --> 00:16:33,759
is coming the interest in our

456
00:16:33,826 --> 00:16:35,461
community is broad and touches

457
00:16:35,527 --> 00:16:37,062
on a huge variety of research

458
00:16:37,129 --> 00:16:39,231
topics and astronomy this

459
00:16:39,298 --> 00:16:41,367
includes a detailed examinations

460
00:16:41,433 --> 00:16:43,435
of planets, the world around

461
00:16:43,502 --> 00:16:45,270
other stars, the search for the

462
00:16:45,337 --> 00:16:46,438
first life sources in the

463
00:16:46,505 --> 00:16:48,574
universe, the formation and

464
00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:50,576
evolution of galaxies, the the

465
00:16:50,642 --> 00:16:52,578
life cycles of stars, and the

466
00:16:52,644 --> 00:16:54,680
studies of small bodies such as

467
00:16:54,747 --> 00:16:56,348
asteroids and comets and their

468
00:16:56,415 --> 00:16:58,017
own Soler system.

469
00:16:58,083 --> 00:16:59,852
In fact a Canadian team will

470
00:16:59,918 --> 00:17:01,420
focus their studies on the

471
00:17:01,487 --> 00:17:03,288
atmosphere to determine the

472
00:17:03,355 --> 00:17:05,624
composition of temperatures.

473
00:17:05,691 --> 00:17:06,792
Some of the research team's

474
00:17:06,859 --> 00:17:10,429
targets are rocky planets like,

475
00:17:10,496 --> 00:17:11,930
the team hopes to make the very

476
00:17:11,997 --> 00:17:13,999
first detection of an atmosphere

477
00:17:14,066 --> 00:17:15,601
on such a planet this could give

478
00:17:15,667 --> 00:17:17,069
us clues as to whether or not

479
00:17:17,136 --> 00:17:19,304
the planets are habitable.

480
00:17:19,371 --> 00:17:22,841
Looking toward the farthest back

481
00:17:22,908 --> 00:17:25,010
in time another Canadian team

482
00:17:25,077 --> 00:17:26,311
was that some of the first

483
00:17:26,378 --> 00:17:28,881
galaxies ever formed galaxies

484
00:17:28,947 --> 00:17:31,383
gathered in clusters they will

485
00:17:31,450 --> 00:17:33,052
collect images from these

486
00:17:33,118 --> 00:17:34,753
galaxies at different times over

487
00:17:34,820 --> 00:17:36,355
the history of the universe to

488
00:17:36,422 --> 00:17:38,257
help us better understand how

489
00:17:38,323 --> 00:17:40,659
galaxies evolve over time.

490
00:17:40,726 --> 00:17:41,894
These two programs I just

491
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:43,796
described both use the Canadian

492
00:17:43,862 --> 00:17:46,732
built web the instrument your.

493
00:17:46,799 --> 00:17:48,267
Were also very pleased and so

494
00:17:48,333 --> 00:17:49,535
proud of the excellent

495
00:17:49,601 --> 00:17:51,303
scientific leadership shown by

496
00:17:51,370 --> 00:17:52,471
early career Canadian

497
00:17:52,538 --> 00:17:53,872
astronomy's who are meeting at

498
00:17:53,939 --> 00:17:55,841
many of these project -- leading

499
00:17:55,908 --> 00:17:57,009
many of these projects are in

500
00:17:57,076 --> 00:17:58,277
the first cycle of observation

501
00:17:58,343 --> 00:17:59,244
this interest from the next

502
00:17:59,311 --> 00:18:00,512
generation it shows the vibrancy

503
00:18:00,579 --> 00:18:02,114
of our community there were will

504
00:18:02,181 --> 00:18:03,649
help discover other worlds,

505
00:18:03,715 --> 00:18:04,783
learn more about the lifecycle

506
00:18:04,850 --> 00:18:06,251
of the stars and point picture

507
00:18:06,318 --> 00:18:07,586
of the early universe and

508
00:18:07,653 --> 00:18:09,221
galaxies.

509
00:18:09,288 --> 00:18:10,489
We are truly looking forward to

510
00:18:10,556 --> 00:18:12,424
this new era in space astronomy

511
00:18:12,491 --> 00:18:18,130
and we cannot wait to get

512
00:18:18,197 --> 00:18:19,231
started.

513
00:18:19,298 --> 00:18:21,467
>> for our next gum guest, one

514
00:18:21,533 --> 00:18:26,538
of the in the telescope family

515
00:18:26,605 --> 00:18:31,176
is close -- Clouse.

516
00:18:31,243 --> 00:18:33,579
Tell about the involvement and

517
00:18:33,645 --> 00:18:35,114
your involvement with James

518
00:18:35,180 --> 00:18:36,148
Webb.

519
00:18:36,215 --> 00:18:38,150
>> as we have heard we about to

520
00:18:38,217 --> 00:18:39,918
go on this amazing journey of

521
00:18:39,985 --> 00:18:41,854
discovery and we really mean

522
00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:44,456
discovery because web has a raw

523
00:18:44,523 --> 00:18:46,992
power to reveal the unexpected

524
00:18:47,059 --> 00:18:49,094
and we can plan what we think we

525
00:18:49,161 --> 00:18:50,229
will save it at the end of the

526
00:18:50,295 --> 00:18:52,164
day we know that nature will

527
00:18:52,231 --> 00:18:54,266
surprise us more often than not

528
00:18:54,333 --> 00:18:56,568
and so this new scientific

529
00:18:56,635 --> 00:18:58,570
territory we call discovery

530
00:18:58,637 --> 00:19:02,508
space and web being a flagship

531
00:19:02,574 --> 00:19:05,878
mission is able to unravel this

532
00:19:05,944 --> 00:19:07,913
discovery space in the way you

533
00:19:07,980 --> 00:19:10,415
do that is you have new

534
00:19:10,482 --> 00:19:12,651
capabilities, new technological

535
00:19:12,718 --> 00:19:14,720
capabilities and Webb does have

536
00:19:14,786 --> 00:19:17,256
that in abundance, for example,

537
00:19:17,322 --> 00:19:19,258
Webb will be able to see in the

538
00:19:19,324 --> 00:19:22,227
infrared phenomenal of stars,

539
00:19:22,294 --> 00:19:23,996
galaxies that are 100 times

540
00:19:24,062 --> 00:19:26,031
fainter than what was previously

541
00:19:26,098 --> 00:19:28,133
possible and so we just cannot

542
00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:29,902
predict what is there and we

543
00:19:29,968 --> 00:19:31,970
sort of do know how this goes

544
00:19:32,037 --> 00:19:33,805
because we can look back to the

545
00:19:33,872 --> 00:19:38,944
Hubble space when Hubble was

546
00:19:39,011 --> 00:19:41,813
launched in 1990 we had not

547
00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:43,749
discovered dark energy which is

548
00:19:43,815 --> 00:19:45,284
is a mysterious force that

549
00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:48,353
pushes the universe apart but

550
00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:50,756
Hubble did discover that.

551
00:19:50,822 --> 00:19:52,124
We did not know of any ask a

552
00:19:52,191 --> 00:19:54,159
planet in existence but today we

553
00:19:54,226 --> 00:19:56,295
know thousands of XO planets and

554
00:19:56,361 --> 00:19:57,863
the most specific discovery as

555
00:19:57,930 --> 00:19:59,731
well for example is Hubble

556
00:19:59,798 --> 00:20:01,466
discovered two new moons of

557
00:20:01,533 --> 00:20:03,068
Keuchel that could help the new

558
00:20:03,135 --> 00:20:06,138
horizons probe who visited that

559
00:20:06,205 --> 00:20:07,773
world a few years ago and we

560
00:20:07,839 --> 00:20:09,274
think Webb will be no different

561
00:20:09,341 --> 00:20:10,976
in that sense.

562
00:20:11,043 --> 00:20:14,947
There are almost 400 individual

563
00:20:15,013 --> 00:20:16,715
investigations already lined up

564
00:20:16,782 --> 00:20:18,784
for the first year of science in

565
00:20:18,850 --> 00:20:19,818
these investigations

566
00:20:19,885 --> 00:20:20,986
representing thousands of

567
00:20:21,053 --> 00:20:22,588
scientists from all over the

568
00:20:22,654 --> 00:20:24,189
world.

569
00:20:24,256 --> 00:20:26,992
And some of those programs will

570
00:20:27,059 --> 00:20:28,894
address questions that we did

571
00:20:28,961 --> 00:20:31,663
not know we had when Webb was

572
00:20:31,730 --> 00:20:33,565
first designed but it has the

573
00:20:33,632 --> 00:20:35,234
power to address them for

574
00:20:35,300 --> 00:20:37,769
example, Webb will look at

575
00:20:37,836 --> 00:20:39,538
colliding neutron stars like

576
00:20:39,605 --> 00:20:41,073
these aquatic cataclysmic

577
00:20:41,139 --> 00:20:43,375
collisions in the debris field

578
00:20:43,442 --> 00:20:45,010
that they create we think it

579
00:20:45,077 --> 00:20:46,878
creates some of the heavy

580
00:20:46,945 --> 00:20:49,348
elements in the universe, some

581
00:20:49,414 --> 00:20:51,583
of the heavy metals most

582
00:20:51,650 --> 00:20:54,820
prominently gold including the

583
00:20:54,886 --> 00:20:57,522
gold that is covering the web

584
00:20:57,589 --> 00:20:59,124
itself.

585
00:20:59,191 --> 00:21:00,626
It will look at the lava planet

586
00:21:00,692 --> 00:21:02,060
where we think it might rain

587
00:21:02,127 --> 00:21:04,062
lava and this will determine

588
00:21:04,129 --> 00:21:05,697
whether that's really true and

589
00:21:05,764 --> 00:21:08,333
finally, it will look at a new

590
00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:10,636
phenomenon that is interstellar,

591
00:21:10,702 --> 00:21:12,571
it.

592
00:21:12,638 --> 00:21:14,973
So bodies or other Soler systems

593
00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:16,675
that at one point in the pass

594
00:21:16,742 --> 00:21:19,211
rejected travel to the universe

595
00:21:19,278 --> 00:21:21,713
4 billion years but for a brief

596
00:21:21,780 --> 00:21:23,282
moment they come through our

597
00:21:23,348 --> 00:21:26,451
Soler system and web is able to

598
00:21:26,518 --> 00:21:27,786
quickly point at them and

599
00:21:27,853 --> 00:21:29,354
understand what they are made of

600
00:21:29,421 --> 00:21:31,390
to tell us if other Soler

601
00:21:31,456 --> 00:21:33,091
systems are made up of the same

602
00:21:33,158 --> 00:21:35,394
materials that our own earth and

603
00:21:35,460 --> 00:21:38,730
sun are and so we think Webb

604
00:21:38,797 --> 00:21:40,866
will probably also reveal new

605
00:21:40,932 --> 00:21:42,134
questions for the future

606
00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:46,538
generations some of whom may not

607
00:21:46,605 --> 00:21:49,775
even be born yet.

608
00:21:49,841 --> 00:21:52,678
>> Thank you for joining us.

609
00:21:52,744 --> 00:21:53,945
For the last guest today we have

610
00:21:54,012 --> 00:21:56,615
Amber who is the deputy project

611
00:21:56,682 --> 00:21:58,016
scientist for communications

612
00:21:58,083 --> 00:21:59,584
here at NASA Goddard space

613
00:21:59,651 --> 00:22:01,053
flight Center and you're one of

614
00:22:01,119 --> 00:22:02,354
my absolute favorite story

615
00:22:02,421 --> 00:22:03,789
tenant Dallas tellers and

616
00:22:03,855 --> 00:22:06,091
astrophysicists and you see this

617
00:22:06,158 --> 00:22:07,659
as an incredible narrative about

618
00:22:07,726 --> 00:22:08,760
our place in the universe is

619
00:22:08,827 --> 00:22:10,195
that correct?

620
00:22:10,262 --> 00:22:11,463
>> absolutely.

621
00:22:11,530 --> 00:22:13,231
My own area of research is how

622
00:22:13,298 --> 00:22:15,334
galaxies change over time and

623
00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:18,804
how they form their stars and

624
00:22:18,870 --> 00:22:19,771
there is a lot about this

625
00:22:19,838 --> 00:22:21,239
overall process that we still

626
00:22:21,306 --> 00:22:23,141
don't understand what we do know

627
00:22:23,208 --> 00:22:24,943
that very distant galaxies are

628
00:22:25,010 --> 00:22:26,912
much different then nearby

629
00:22:26,978 --> 00:22:28,680
galaxies.

630
00:22:28,747 --> 00:22:30,248
But we are kind of missing a

631
00:22:30,315 --> 00:22:31,416
piece of the puzzle that we have

632
00:22:31,483 --> 00:22:33,585
not yet seen the very early

633
00:22:33,652 --> 00:22:36,788
galaxies.

634
00:22:36,855 --> 00:22:39,124
We have 13.8 billion your story

635
00:22:39,191 --> 00:22:41,193
in the universe and we are

636
00:22:41,259 --> 00:22:45,597
missing these few key paragraphs

637
00:22:45,664 --> 00:22:46,865
in the very first chapter of the

638
00:22:46,932 --> 00:22:49,468
story.

639
00:22:49,534 --> 00:22:51,403
What we are trying to do here is

640
00:22:51,470 --> 00:22:53,171
figure out how to put all the

641
00:22:53,238 --> 00:22:55,207
pieces of the story together and

642
00:22:55,273 --> 00:22:56,341
learn more about the hole

643
00:22:56,408 --> 00:23:00,579
process and this was designed to

644
00:23:00,645 --> 00:23:02,114
help us find the first galaxies

645
00:23:02,180 --> 00:23:03,215
and of course course galaxies

646
00:23:03,281 --> 00:23:05,250
are the homes of stars, and

647
00:23:05,317 --> 00:23:06,785
stars of the homes of planets

648
00:23:06,852 --> 00:23:08,086
and planets are the cradles of

649
00:23:08,153 --> 00:23:13,358
life and this our next big step

650
00:23:13,425 --> 00:23:15,160
in our search for potentially

651
00:23:15,227 --> 00:23:16,762
habitable planets other than our

652
00:23:16,828 --> 00:23:20,332
own which is very exciting.

653
00:23:20,399 --> 00:23:22,367
This was designed to answer some

654
00:23:22,434 --> 00:23:23,602
of the biggest questions that we

655
00:23:23,668 --> 00:23:25,804
have in astronomy today and one

656
00:23:25,871 --> 00:23:26,805
of my favorite things about

657
00:23:26,872 --> 00:23:28,607
astronomy in general is that it

658
00:23:28,673 --> 00:23:30,108
really doesn't get right down to

659
00:23:30,175 --> 00:23:31,943
our big questions where we come

660
00:23:32,010 --> 00:23:32,811
from?

661
00:23:32,878 --> 00:23:34,179
How do we get here?

662
00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:34,813
Are we alone?

663
00:23:34,880 --> 00:23:37,149
And these questions are more

664
00:23:37,215 --> 00:23:39,451
than just our science questions

665
00:23:39,518 --> 00:23:41,119
they are questions that get to

666
00:23:41,186 --> 00:23:42,154
the heart of what it means to be

667
00:23:42,220 --> 00:23:44,856
human and Clouse mentioned it

668
00:23:44,923 --> 00:23:47,125
exciting prospect of may be we

669
00:23:47,192 --> 00:23:48,427
will find things that are

670
00:23:48,493 --> 00:23:50,228
unexpected and to me that is the

671
00:23:50,295 --> 00:23:52,097
most exciting part of this hole

672
00:23:52,164 --> 00:23:54,399
mission this idea that there are

673
00:23:54,466 --> 00:23:55,467
surprises that they in the

674
00:23:55,534 --> 00:23:57,035
universe and I think we will

675
00:23:57,102 --> 00:23:58,670
find them, it happens every

676
00:23:58,737 --> 00:24:00,739
single time we launch a big bold

677
00:24:00,806 --> 00:24:03,642
telescope into space and this is

678
00:24:03,708 --> 00:24:05,610
the biggest yet.

679
00:24:05,677 --> 00:24:06,978
>> thank you for joining us we

680
00:24:07,045 --> 00:24:09,815
will talk to you more later.

681
00:24:09,881 --> 00:24:10,849
Before he can learn about the

682
00:24:10,916 --> 00:24:11,850
origin of the universe we have

683
00:24:11,917 --> 00:24:13,351
to get the Webb telescope off

684
00:24:13,418 --> 00:24:15,120
the planet and that is a job for

685
00:24:15,187 --> 00:24:17,088
a big rock at one of the largest

686
00:24:17,155 --> 00:24:19,057
it's the area in five launching

687
00:24:19,124 --> 00:24:20,692
from the Guiana space Center

688
00:24:20,759 --> 00:24:22,727
located in French Guiana to

689
00:24:22,794 --> 00:24:24,463
tropical facility but it's also

690
00:24:24,529 --> 00:24:28,133
a gateway to the stars this

691
00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:30,802
presents a soundscape including

692
00:24:30,869 --> 00:24:32,437
roars of rockets and the sounds

693
00:24:32,504 --> 00:24:35,340
of tropical jungles.

694
00:24:35,407 --> 00:24:39,144
Let's let area in five lead

695
00:24:39,211 --> 00:24:43,381
launchpad.

696
00:24:43,448 --> 00:24:45,083
It's here were mission managers

697
00:24:45,150 --> 00:24:46,151
will not only control the

698
00:24:46,218 --> 00:24:48,286
spacecraft but also gather data

699
00:24:48,353 --> 00:24:49,788
from the telescope scientific

700
00:24:49,855 --> 00:24:51,223
instruments.

701
00:24:51,289 --> 00:24:52,457
What we will do now is take a

702
00:24:52,524 --> 00:24:54,493
quick break and reset the stage

703
00:24:54,559 --> 00:24:56,194
and take a lot of from audience

704
00:24:56,261 --> 00:24:57,796
and also from the media so if

705
00:24:57,863 --> 00:24:58,630
you want to join us with

706
00:24:58,697 --> 00:25:00,632
questions go to hashtag NASA

707
00:25:00,699 --> 00:25:02,367
Webb and we'll be back in just a

708
00:25:02,434 --> 00:25:03,935
few moments we are here at the

709
00:25:04,002 --> 00:25:06,271
Goddard space site Center please

710
00:25:06,338 --> 00:26:09,067
come join us again.

711
00:26:09,134 --> 00:26:10,735
>> welcome back.

712
00:26:10,802 --> 00:26:12,237
This is the prelaunch grieving

713
00:26:12,304 --> 00:26:15,574
for the James Webb telescope.

714
00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:16,875
We now have a panel of all the

715
00:26:16,942 --> 00:26:18,510
guests we heard before will tell

716
00:26:18,577 --> 00:26:20,712
us about the goals of the James

717
00:26:20,779 --> 00:26:22,347
Webb space telescope and take a

718
00:26:22,414 --> 00:26:23,982
lot of questions from the media

719
00:26:24,049 --> 00:26:25,450
in order to get this started I

720
00:26:25,517 --> 00:26:27,118
will now ask the operator, do

721
00:26:27,185 --> 00:26:28,320
you questions in the media to

722
00:26:28,386 --> 00:26:33,858
begin with?

723
00:26:33,925 --> 00:26:35,160
>> the first one is from from

724
00:26:35,226 --> 00:26:40,165
Elizabeth Hall the line is open.

725
00:26:40,231 --> 00:26:42,567
>> among the early observation,

726
00:26:42,634 --> 00:26:44,703
the early programs, have you

727
00:26:44,769 --> 00:26:46,137
selected a onesie yet that will

728
00:26:46,204 --> 00:26:49,374
be having first or quickly after

729
00:26:49,441 --> 00:26:54,713
first flight?

730
00:26:54,779 --> 00:27:02,721
>> what we do first?

731
00:27:02,787 --> 00:27:04,623
>> we have planned the entire

732
00:27:04,689 --> 00:27:06,891
first year of scientific

733
00:27:06,958 --> 00:27:10,428
observations in the highest

734
00:27:10,495 --> 00:27:12,130
priority things we have chosen

735
00:27:12,197 --> 00:27:13,231
some early release science

736
00:27:13,298 --> 00:27:14,432
programs that will be announced

737
00:27:14,499 --> 00:27:15,433
immediately after they are

738
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:17,168
observed so we will give the

739
00:27:17,235 --> 00:27:18,570
data as soon as we have it for

740
00:27:18,637 --> 00:27:22,340
those great patrons.

741
00:27:22,407 --> 00:27:24,075
And they cover a wide range of

742
00:27:24,142 --> 00:27:25,210
topics all the way from the

743
00:27:25,276 --> 00:27:29,914
Soler system to the lack hole --

744
00:27:29,981 --> 00:27:31,449
black hole, everything.

745
00:27:31,516 --> 00:27:34,352
>> is that answer >> yes it

746
00:27:34,419 --> 00:27:43,361
does.

747
00:27:43,428 --> 00:27:44,462
He could answer the question

748
00:27:44,529 --> 00:27:49,734
from the phone line that.

749
00:27:49,801 --> 00:27:51,236
The next deck -- the next

750
00:27:51,302 --> 00:27:52,437
question is from Stephen Clark

751
00:27:52,504 --> 00:28:00,979
here line is open.

752
00:28:01,046 --> 00:28:12,323
>> I have a follow-up question.

753
00:28:12,390 --> 00:28:13,792
When will the first images be

754
00:28:13,858 --> 00:28:15,927
released?

755
00:28:15,994 --> 00:28:17,128
Will the public be able to see

756
00:28:17,195 --> 00:28:20,932
the images?

757
00:28:20,999 --> 00:28:27,305
During the imaging process I saw

758
00:28:27,372 --> 00:28:28,440
a list of the early science

759
00:28:28,506 --> 00:28:34,612
programs but what will we see

760
00:28:34,679 --> 00:28:36,347
from the early observations or

761
00:28:36,414 --> 00:28:40,852
will be released as a group?

762
00:28:40,919 --> 00:28:42,220
>> we have a wonderful plan for

763
00:28:42,287 --> 00:28:50,028
the early observations these are

764
00:28:50,095 --> 00:28:54,099
to at end of commissioning.

765
00:28:54,165 --> 00:28:56,267
It's about six months.

766
00:28:56,334 --> 00:28:57,102
And we get the final

767
00:28:57,168 --> 00:29:03,875
commissioning fast.

768
00:29:03,942 --> 00:29:05,343
As soon as instruments are fully

769
00:29:05,410 --> 00:29:09,247
commissioned it will happen all

770
00:29:09,314 --> 00:29:11,015
the same time about six months

771
00:29:11,082 --> 00:29:16,321
pass launch.

772
00:29:16,387 --> 00:29:36,508
>> further questions?

773
00:29:36,574 --> 00:29:38,209
>> I am afraid that the speaker

774
00:29:38,276 --> 00:29:41,112
is breaking up a bit.

775
00:29:41,179 --> 00:29:41,946
I'm having trouble

776
00:29:42,013 --> 00:29:45,717
understanding.

777
00:29:45,784 --> 00:30:07,372
Please go ahead.

778
00:30:07,438 --> 00:30:09,207
I'm sorry I hurt you nodding did

779
00:30:09,274 --> 00:30:10,241
you get enough of the question

780
00:30:10,308 --> 00:30:11,342
because of the bit broken up for

781
00:30:11,409 --> 00:30:13,778
me.

782
00:30:13,845 --> 00:30:14,879
>> I did not get the hole

783
00:30:14,946 --> 00:30:16,181
question but I think I get the

784
00:30:16,247 --> 00:30:18,883
gist it is about whether there

785
00:30:18,950 --> 00:30:22,687
is a direct discretionary time

786
00:30:22,754 --> 00:30:24,355
and to summarize, the

787
00:30:24,422 --> 00:30:26,391
discretionary time is time that

788
00:30:26,457 --> 00:30:31,029
is awarded by the director of

789
00:30:31,095 --> 00:30:35,567
the Institute and it is for new

790
00:30:35,633 --> 00:30:36,634
science that appears all of a

791
00:30:36,701 --> 00:30:39,938
sudden that you just must do and

792
00:30:40,004 --> 00:30:41,206
if you have something like that

793
00:30:41,272 --> 00:30:44,142
in the community can propose it

794
00:30:44,209 --> 00:30:45,243
and say we have to do it right

795
00:30:45,310 --> 00:30:46,511
now we cannot wait for the next

796
00:30:46,578 --> 00:30:47,846
opportunity to propose a time

797
00:30:47,912 --> 00:30:49,013
and the director can look at it

798
00:30:49,080 --> 00:30:51,316
and say yes, we should actually

799
00:30:51,382 --> 00:30:52,984
do this.

800
00:30:53,051 --> 00:30:54,853
But it's the same with Hubble

801
00:30:54,919 --> 00:30:56,421
there is the Director's

802
00:30:56,487 --> 00:30:58,756
discretionary time progress.

803
00:30:58,823 --> 00:31:02,093
I hope answers your question.

804
00:31:02,160 --> 00:31:07,332
>> let's have the next question.

805
00:31:07,398 --> 00:31:09,067
>> good morning, on with the

806
00:31:09,133 --> 00:31:13,571
Associated Press.

807
00:31:13,638 --> 00:31:15,206
I'm hoping to get a consensus

808
00:31:15,273 --> 00:31:19,611
from the group this morning, if

809
00:31:19,677 --> 00:31:21,246
the universe is 13.8 billion

810
00:31:21,312 --> 00:31:23,381
years old, how close to the

811
00:31:23,448 --> 00:31:26,084
beginning is Webb actually going

812
00:31:26,150 --> 00:31:27,552
to say?

813
00:31:27,619 --> 00:31:29,654
How far back to Hubble say

814
00:31:29,721 --> 00:31:32,056
question and are there other

815
00:31:32,123 --> 00:31:34,759
telescope devices that have

816
00:31:34,826 --> 00:31:37,962
better records and what will it

817
00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:40,331
take to be able to look all the

818
00:31:40,398 --> 00:31:44,869
way back to the first moments of

819
00:31:44,936 --> 00:31:49,607
the universe and is it possible?

820
00:31:49,674 --> 00:31:51,209
>> Jon is the perfect person for

821
00:31:51,276 --> 00:31:52,176
that question.

822
00:31:52,243 --> 00:31:53,478
>> the first thing that we

823
00:31:53,544 --> 00:31:55,146
observe directly is the cosmic

824
00:31:55,213 --> 00:31:56,848
microwave background radiation

825
00:31:56,915 --> 00:31:58,716
which is the primordial heat of

826
00:31:58,783 --> 00:32:00,351
a very earliest universe and as

827
00:32:00,418 --> 00:32:02,487
mentioned earlier it has hot and

828
00:32:02,553 --> 00:32:04,656
cold spots a bumps in it what

829
00:32:04,722 --> 00:32:05,990
you think eventually grow up to

830
00:32:06,057 --> 00:32:07,692
become stars and galaxies the

831
00:32:07,759 --> 00:32:08,459
first thing you can see with the

832
00:32:08,526 --> 00:32:10,328
telescope is predicted to happen

833
00:32:10,395 --> 00:32:12,363
about 100 million years later so

834
00:32:12,430 --> 00:32:16,200
that is the objective of first

835
00:32:16,267 --> 00:32:18,202
galaxy search.

836
00:32:18,269 --> 00:32:19,904
We think they are out there, we

837
00:32:19,971 --> 00:32:20,939
do not know exactly what they

838
00:32:21,005 --> 00:32:22,674
will be like but we expect to

839
00:32:22,740 --> 00:32:25,777
see little inter- red dots on

840
00:32:25,843 --> 00:32:26,945
the picture that we have to

841
00:32:27,011 --> 00:32:28,546
analyze it to see is it really

842
00:32:28,613 --> 00:32:30,248
what we hope.

843
00:32:30,315 --> 00:32:33,284
It says that they are really far

844
00:32:33,351 --> 00:32:37,088
primordial from the first galaxy

845
00:32:37,155 --> 00:32:41,893
about 100 million years.

846
00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:52,537
>> next question.

847
00:32:52,603 --> 00:32:59,243
>> how far out to the telescope

848
00:32:59,310 --> 00:32:59,844
need to detect the chemical in

849
00:32:59,911 --> 00:33:06,217
atmosphere of the planet?

850
00:33:06,284 --> 00:33:07,318
And also what about the

851
00:33:07,385 --> 00:33:08,619
collaborative program with

852
00:33:08,686 --> 00:33:13,925
gravitational weight vectors?

853
00:33:13,992 --> 00:33:15,259
>> I think it was addressed to

854
00:33:15,326 --> 00:33:16,494
me but I think others could

855
00:33:16,561 --> 00:33:17,996
answer it better.

856
00:33:18,062 --> 00:33:19,764
We can analyze atmosphere of the

857
00:33:19,831 --> 00:33:21,065
planets around other stars

858
00:33:21,132 --> 00:33:22,066
because of the starlight that

859
00:33:22,133 --> 00:33:23,801
goes through the atmosphere's.

860
00:33:23,868 --> 00:33:25,370
And so we do have a list of I

861
00:33:25,436 --> 00:33:27,271
think 65 that we will observe in

862
00:33:27,338 --> 00:33:28,606
the first year and they are

863
00:33:28,673 --> 00:33:30,408
pretty close by were not looking

864
00:33:30,475 --> 00:33:31,776
way to other galaxies were

865
00:33:31,843 --> 00:33:33,044
looking as closed by here

866
00:33:33,111 --> 00:33:34,212
because those are the easiest

867
00:33:34,278 --> 00:33:37,382
and best for us to is that the

868
00:33:37,448 --> 00:33:38,483
main question?

869
00:33:38,549 --> 00:33:42,920
>> I do think cell -- so.

870
00:33:42,987 --> 00:33:49,293
>> I can add to that yes indeed

871
00:33:49,360 --> 00:33:51,295
there are programs that are set

872
00:33:51,362 --> 00:33:53,197
up so that when gravitational

873
00:33:53,264 --> 00:33:56,868
waves detect or see collisions

874
00:33:56,934 --> 00:33:58,903
on the neutron star called

875
00:33:58,970 --> 00:34:01,272
Villanova the web will be able

876
00:34:01,339 --> 00:34:04,042
to relatively quickly go and

877
00:34:04,108 --> 00:34:06,511
look at the debris from those

878
00:34:06,577 --> 00:34:08,446
explosions and see what it's

879
00:34:08,513 --> 00:34:11,149
made of.

880
00:34:11,215 --> 00:34:13,051
There are several programs that

881
00:34:13,117 --> 00:34:19,924
do that.

882
00:34:19,991 --> 00:34:21,592
>> the next question is from

883
00:34:21,659 --> 00:34:26,097
Bill, your line is open.

884
00:34:26,164 --> 00:34:33,071
>> we are all familiar with

885
00:34:33,137 --> 00:34:36,407
imagery but what about images

886
00:34:36,474 --> 00:34:39,677
from data and how images can

887
00:34:39,744 --> 00:34:41,612
compare with this, will they be

888
00:34:41,679 --> 00:34:43,781
as jaw-dropping as Hubble

889
00:34:43,848 --> 00:34:44,882
picture are from a public

890
00:34:44,949 --> 00:34:47,051
standpoint?

891
00:34:47,118 --> 00:34:49,387
In the earlier question aside

892
00:34:49,454 --> 00:34:51,889
from the actual image is can we

893
00:34:51,956 --> 00:34:55,560
follow along as you guys

894
00:34:55,626 --> 00:34:57,528
mirrored is AP segments and can

895
00:34:57,595 --> 00:34:58,229
we go along with the the

896
00:34:58,296 --> 00:34:59,697
wavefront program that you guys

897
00:34:59,764 --> 00:35:02,366
had in the first initial month

898
00:35:02,433 --> 00:35:03,134
people are trying to get

899
00:35:03,201 --> 00:35:04,302
everything lined up.

900
00:35:04,368 --> 00:35:07,905
>> absolutely.

901
00:35:07,972 --> 00:35:10,842
>> the question about will the

902
00:35:10,908 --> 00:35:12,310
images be beautiful is a great

903
00:35:12,376 --> 00:35:13,311
one and the answers actually

904
00:35:13,377 --> 00:35:17,248
absolutely yes, this telescope

905
00:35:17,315 --> 00:35:19,550
will rival Hubble it is a

906
00:35:19,617 --> 00:35:22,220
infrared telescope and so what

907
00:35:22,286 --> 00:35:24,222
the infrared light looks like,

908
00:35:24,288 --> 00:35:25,756
you can get I always tell people

909
00:35:25,823 --> 00:35:27,391
in the assets question, go and

910
00:35:27,458 --> 00:35:34,465
look of the Eagle nebula and so

911
00:35:34,532 --> 00:35:36,367
Hubble has a little tiny bit of

912
00:35:36,434 --> 00:35:39,871
capability in near infrared and

913
00:35:39,937 --> 00:35:41,939
it took a stunning picture of

914
00:35:42,006 --> 00:35:43,808
the nebula and so go look at

915
00:35:43,875 --> 00:35:45,943
that it gives you a hint of how

916
00:35:46,010 --> 00:35:47,879
beautiful we expect these images

917
00:35:47,945 --> 00:35:49,680
to be.

918
00:35:49,747 --> 00:35:51,115
Yep.

919
00:35:51,182 --> 00:35:53,151
They will deftly be beautiful.

920
00:35:53,217 --> 00:35:55,219
>> as far as falling on,

921
00:35:55,286 --> 00:35:57,688
actually we get the news coming

922
00:35:57,755 --> 00:35:58,689
from all the different mirror

923
00:35:58,756 --> 00:35:59,924
sections and focusing.

924
00:35:59,991 --> 00:36:02,093
>> we do definitely plan to keep

925
00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:03,294
the committee updated on the

926
00:36:03,361 --> 00:36:04,896
hole commissioning process all

927
00:36:04,962 --> 00:36:06,531
along the way here in there are

928
00:36:06,597 --> 00:36:07,899
a lot of different ways of doing

929
00:36:07,965 --> 00:36:08,733
it.

930
00:36:08,799 --> 00:36:10,535
We of course can send out press

931
00:36:10,601 --> 00:36:12,937
releases with the milestones and

932
00:36:13,004 --> 00:36:14,505
have constant social media

933
00:36:14,572 --> 00:36:15,773
updates on our social media

934
00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:17,675
channels.

935
00:36:17,742 --> 00:36:20,244
We will have a weekly blog so if

936
00:36:20,311 --> 00:36:22,180
you go to our website -- it gets

937
00:36:22,246 --> 00:36:23,681
more into the technical aspect

938
00:36:23,748 --> 00:36:24,949
so if you do really want to

939
00:36:25,016 --> 00:36:29,220
learn about some of the details.

940
00:36:29,287 --> 00:36:30,755
You can do that, there are a lot

941
00:36:30,821 --> 00:36:32,056
of different ways to keep up

942
00:36:32,123 --> 00:36:33,624
with what's going on.

943
00:36:33,691 --> 00:36:35,159
>> I cleared my calendar after

944
00:36:35,226 --> 00:36:36,427
December 18th because we will

945
00:36:36,494 --> 00:36:37,762
have many different briefings

946
00:36:37,828 --> 00:36:38,963
and ways that people can see

947
00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:40,031
what is going on and get the

948
00:36:40,097 --> 00:36:49,073
news out here >> the next

949
00:36:49,140 --> 00:36:52,944
question is from Johnny.

950
00:36:53,010 --> 00:36:54,579
>> I'm from London here in the

951
00:36:54,645 --> 00:37:13,564
UK.

952
00:37:13,631 --> 00:37:14,899
Will we be able to see the black

953
00:37:14,966 --> 00:37:16,901
hole?

954
00:37:16,968 --> 00:37:21,305
What kind of blackhole?

955
00:37:21,372 --> 00:37:22,773
>> I believe there is a number

956
00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:23,608
of you that can answer the

957
00:37:23,674 --> 00:37:24,508
question if you want to go

958
00:37:24,575 --> 00:37:27,578
ahead.

959
00:37:27,645 --> 00:37:29,714
>> I can give us a shot, part of

960
00:37:29,780 --> 00:37:31,015
the question was how long will

961
00:37:31,082 --> 00:37:34,051
it take for web to make an

962
00:37:34,118 --> 00:37:36,053
extreme ultimate deal like

963
00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:36,587
Hubble did?

964
00:37:36,654 --> 00:37:39,991
Hubble created extreme deal that

965
00:37:40,057 --> 00:37:41,826
was days and days of exposure

966
00:37:41,892 --> 00:37:43,494
time Webb will do that in a

967
00:37:43,561 --> 00:37:44,762
couple of hours in the

968
00:37:44,829 --> 00:37:47,298
wavelength where they have an

969
00:37:47,365 --> 00:37:50,067
overlap of course there are two

970
00:37:50,134 --> 00:37:51,569
wavelengths where Hubble could

971
00:37:51,636 --> 00:37:53,404
not operate and so what we will

972
00:37:53,471 --> 00:37:56,374
see there is there is no

973
00:37:56,440 --> 00:37:58,342
comparison but there are

974
00:37:58,409 --> 00:38:00,177
programs in the first year or

975
00:38:00,244 --> 00:38:01,879
two not quite go days and days

976
00:38:01,946 --> 00:38:05,016
and days but it will go I the

977
00:38:05,082 --> 00:38:09,854
most 60 hours deep images and it

978
00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:16,360
will be very exciting.

979
00:38:16,427 --> 00:38:17,495
>> any any follow-ups?

980
00:38:17,561 --> 00:38:18,929
Anything else?

981
00:38:18,996 --> 00:38:20,998
Are we good?

982
00:38:21,065 --> 00:38:23,067
>> the black hole question.

983
00:38:23,134 --> 00:38:24,735
>> yes that is right observing

984
00:38:24,802 --> 00:38:34,645
the black hole.

985
00:38:34,712 --> 00:38:38,683
>> what kind of blackhole is

986
00:38:38,749 --> 00:38:40,451
this kind of timer?

987
00:38:40,518 --> 00:38:44,155
>> in the early universe sure.

988
00:38:44,221 --> 00:38:45,956
Actually one of the puzzles that

989
00:38:46,023 --> 00:38:49,360
we want to follow his have the

990
00:38:49,427 --> 00:38:53,164
big giant super mass hole got so

991
00:38:53,230 --> 00:38:55,733
big so fast some of the

992
00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:58,135
supermassive black holes are in

993
00:38:58,202 --> 00:38:59,837
the universe now and are much

994
00:38:59,904 --> 00:39:01,572
bigger than we should expect

995
00:39:01,639 --> 00:39:04,241
based upon our ideas of how

996
00:39:04,308 --> 00:39:06,877
galaxies build up over time.

997
00:39:06,944 --> 00:39:08,346
We should be able to see the

998
00:39:08,412 --> 00:39:10,114
supermassive black holes even

999
00:39:10,181 --> 00:39:11,849
further out in the more distinct

1000
00:39:11,916 --> 00:39:13,417
universe and I will certainly

1001
00:39:13,484 --> 00:39:22,393
help us pieced over time.

1002
00:39:22,460 --> 00:39:23,594
>> we have more questions for

1003
00:39:23,661 --> 00:39:30,034
the media.

1004
00:39:30,101 --> 00:40:08,272
>> >> is is a question on analog

1005
00:40:08,339 --> 00:40:11,909
and exit planet?

1006
00:40:11,976 --> 00:40:16,647
>> right, if you mean an

1007
00:40:16,714 --> 00:40:19,950
earthlike planet like Earth size

1008
00:40:20,017 --> 00:40:21,118
with the same distance toward

1009
00:40:21,185 --> 00:40:26,023
the sun but with a Sun -like

1010
00:40:26,090 --> 00:40:28,626
star, Webb would not

1011
00:40:28,692 --> 00:40:30,227
characterize the atmosphere of

1012
00:40:30,294 --> 00:40:35,366
such.

1013
00:40:35,433 --> 00:40:36,367
It will characterize the

1014
00:40:36,434 --> 00:40:38,369
atmospheres of planets around a

1015
00:40:38,436 --> 00:40:41,238
much smaller stars than the it

1016
00:40:41,305 --> 00:40:43,307
is a bit easier to do and they

1017
00:40:43,374 --> 00:40:44,875
can still be habitable and I

1018
00:40:44,942 --> 00:40:47,945
think one of the is to

1019
00:40:48,012 --> 00:40:50,648
understand some of the

1020
00:40:50,714 --> 00:40:52,917
properties of habitability but

1021
00:40:52,983 --> 00:40:56,253
it will not be a true earth

1022
00:40:56,320 --> 00:41:02,393
analog.

1023
00:41:02,460 --> 00:41:09,567
>> this system is a good example

1024
00:41:09,633 --> 00:41:11,469
of planets that orbit around by

1025
00:41:11,535 --> 00:41:16,240
June -- a bunch of smaller stars

1026
00:41:16,307 --> 00:41:17,308
and we have excellent data of

1027
00:41:17,374 --> 00:41:20,711
that Summer infrared.

1028
00:41:20,778 --> 00:41:27,318
-- and some are infrared.

1029
00:41:27,384 --> 00:41:28,853
>> I'm so sorry you're bringing

1030
00:41:28,919 --> 00:41:32,523
up.

1031
00:41:32,590 --> 00:41:34,725
>> the Duke discretionary time,

1032
00:41:34,792 --> 00:41:38,128
what will it be used for?

1033
00:41:38,195 --> 00:41:43,133
>> it's used in two ways, one

1034
00:41:43,200 --> 00:41:44,735
that it will do something as a

1035
00:41:44,802 --> 00:41:47,438
follow-up on discovery something

1036
00:41:47,505 --> 00:41:49,473
that can wait for the next time

1037
00:41:49,540 --> 00:41:51,909
but directors in the pass have

1038
00:41:51,976 --> 00:41:55,479
also use this to allocate

1039
00:41:55,546 --> 00:41:57,948
compelling scientific ideas for

1040
00:41:58,015 --> 00:42:00,818
Hubble this was a discretionary

1041
00:42:00,885 --> 00:42:02,119
one so it's important to

1042
00:42:02,186 --> 00:42:05,022
remember that there is duality

1043
00:42:05,089 --> 00:42:06,724
in the discretionary time and it

1044
00:42:06,790 --> 00:42:08,425
can be used for both the

1045
00:42:08,492 --> 00:42:10,427
community always has great input

1046
00:42:10,494 --> 00:42:12,563
in deciding where to put this

1047
00:42:12,630 --> 00:42:16,667
energy and tries to solve it.

1048
00:42:16,734 --> 00:42:18,402
>> I think the early release

1049
00:42:18,469 --> 00:42:22,506
program is also discretionary.

1050
00:42:22,573 --> 00:42:23,974
>> we will get one more question

1051
00:42:24,041 --> 00:42:32,483
from the media.

1052
00:42:32,550 --> 00:42:37,121
>> thank you for the 100 million

1053
00:42:37,187 --> 00:42:39,323
earmarks but what's the current

1054
00:42:39,390 --> 00:42:41,225
record in the furthest back in

1055
00:42:41,292 --> 00:42:43,827
time scientists have seen to

1056
00:42:43,894 --> 00:42:47,631
date with what instrument and is

1057
00:42:47,698 --> 00:42:51,902
it possible to ever get closer

1058
00:42:51,969 --> 00:42:54,338
than what we will do with the

1059
00:42:54,405 --> 00:42:56,574
hundred million earmarks?

1060
00:42:56,640 --> 00:43:00,444
>> telescope has pushed the

1061
00:43:00,511 --> 00:43:02,580
million to 400,000 years after

1062
00:43:02,646 --> 00:43:04,848
the Big Bang so I think there is

1063
00:43:04,915 --> 00:43:07,851
a gas as to whether it will be

1064
00:43:07,918 --> 00:43:09,286
400 million years and

1065
00:43:09,353 --> 00:43:11,188
100 million years as Joe was

1066
00:43:11,255 --> 00:43:14,191
talking about, there is a

1067
00:43:14,258 --> 00:43:16,260
interval perhaps where there is

1068
00:43:16,327 --> 00:43:20,631
a baby universe and we will

1069
00:43:20,698 --> 00:43:21,832
present a view that we have

1070
00:43:21,899 --> 00:43:24,802
never seen before.

1071
00:43:24,868 --> 00:43:26,971
>> Jon, develop, is there any

1072
00:43:27,037 --> 00:43:28,305
way to actually look further

1073
00:43:28,372 --> 00:43:29,873
back than the microwave

1074
00:43:29,940 --> 00:43:31,375
background radiation?

1075
00:43:31,442 --> 00:43:32,676
>> we can only look further and

1076
00:43:32,743 --> 00:43:35,779
our imagination so we have lots

1077
00:43:35,846 --> 00:43:37,247
of theoretical stories that we

1078
00:43:37,314 --> 00:43:38,716
tell and calculations that we

1079
00:43:38,782 --> 00:43:40,217
make but there is nothing to

1080
00:43:40,284 --> 00:43:42,152
look at directly, we have

1081
00:43:42,219 --> 00:43:43,954
evidence of a very very very

1082
00:43:44,021 --> 00:43:46,590
early times that are found in

1083
00:43:46,657 --> 00:43:48,459
the polymerization of the cosmic

1084
00:43:48,525 --> 00:43:50,794
my ground -- migrate back around

1085
00:43:50,861 --> 00:43:52,196
but that's not something the web

1086
00:43:52,262 --> 00:43:53,564
will address their other

1087
00:43:53,631 --> 00:43:56,000
projects that are on the way.

1088
00:43:56,066 --> 00:43:58,135
>> I believe we have a question

1089
00:43:58,202 --> 00:43:59,403
coming from a highschooler in

1090
00:43:59,470 --> 00:44:05,943
New York.

1091
00:44:06,010 --> 00:44:08,078
In social media okay and getting

1092
00:44:08,145 --> 00:44:09,113
a number of different social

1093
00:44:09,179 --> 00:44:11,382
media questions.

1094
00:44:11,448 --> 00:44:15,085
Okay, this one says, okay, what

1095
00:44:15,152 --> 00:44:16,420
makes you think you will be able

1096
00:44:16,487 --> 00:44:20,157
to find habitable acts of

1097
00:44:20,224 --> 00:44:22,493
planets now and will there be

1098
00:44:22,559 --> 00:44:23,727
follow on missions to get better

1099
00:44:23,794 --> 00:44:29,433
observations?

1100
00:44:29,500 --> 00:44:32,836
>> I think it's critical about

1101
00:44:32,903 --> 00:44:36,040
what will come after this and

1102
00:44:36,106 --> 00:44:39,043
yes there is just the process

1103
00:44:39,109 --> 00:44:41,445
that was a survey with

1104
00:44:41,512 --> 00:44:42,880
astronomical community comes

1105
00:44:42,946 --> 00:44:44,481
together and they talk about the

1106
00:44:44,548 --> 00:44:46,183
most important thing to do in

1107
00:44:46,250 --> 00:44:47,451
the highest priority of that

1108
00:44:47,518 --> 00:44:49,620
survey was indeed we need to

1109
00:44:49,687 --> 00:44:53,057
make a telescope after this that

1110
00:44:53,123 --> 00:44:57,061
can actually observe earthlike

1111
00:44:57,127 --> 00:44:59,863
planets and earth analog around

1112
00:44:59,930 --> 00:45:01,899
Soler -type stars which is very

1113
00:45:01,965 --> 00:45:04,835
exciting but that is in a more

1114
00:45:04,902 --> 00:45:08,272
distant future.

1115
00:45:08,338 --> 00:45:10,307
>> many of these questions for

1116
00:45:10,374 --> 00:45:13,210
along the same theme and this is

1117
00:45:13,277 --> 00:45:15,512
a big complex mission people are

1118
00:45:15,579 --> 00:45:16,747
saying are you nervous about

1119
00:45:16,814 --> 00:45:19,149
lunch, are you excited, tell us

1120
00:45:19,216 --> 00:45:21,018
about the the testing and making

1121
00:45:21,085 --> 00:45:22,252
sure this thing works and how

1122
00:45:22,319 --> 00:45:23,587
you're feeling about it.

1123
00:45:23,654 --> 00:45:26,023
>> I certainly am excited but I

1124
00:45:26,090 --> 00:45:27,524
am not nervous.

1125
00:45:27,591 --> 00:45:32,362
We have a great that is working

1126
00:45:32,429 --> 00:45:34,198
on the telescope and they go

1127
00:45:34,264 --> 00:45:36,567
through all the best practices

1128
00:45:36,633 --> 00:45:39,603
and engineering units and we

1129
00:45:39,670 --> 00:45:41,238
test at different levels as we

1130
00:45:41,305 --> 00:45:43,006
build up to the telescope side

1131
00:45:43,073 --> 00:45:45,843
and we test as much as possible

1132
00:45:45,909 --> 00:45:48,078
and practical.

1133
00:45:48,145 --> 00:45:50,047
We test it the same way that it

1134
00:45:50,114 --> 00:45:51,882
will operate in space upon

1135
00:45:51,949 --> 00:45:53,584
launch and so we have done all

1136
00:45:53,650 --> 00:45:55,486
of that and I think that we are

1137
00:45:55,552 --> 00:45:57,688
in good shape but I will say on

1138
00:45:57,755 --> 00:46:02,326
launch day I do get and I do

1139
00:46:02,392 --> 00:46:04,261
just expect that so that does

1140
00:46:04,328 --> 00:46:08,265
not >> we spoke about the first

1141
00:46:08,332 --> 00:46:10,534
galaxy and how web hopes to

1142
00:46:10,601 --> 00:46:12,202
observe that but there also

1143
00:46:12,269 --> 00:46:13,403
questions involving the first

1144
00:46:13,470 --> 00:46:14,905
stars and for the first stars be

1145
00:46:14,972 --> 00:46:15,973
very different than the stars we

1146
00:46:16,039 --> 00:46:21,411
see today?

1147
00:46:21,478 --> 00:46:27,684
>> Jon is expert in this but so

1148
00:46:27,751 --> 00:46:29,753
it seems at the very first stars

1149
00:46:29,820 --> 00:46:32,055
that formed on the earth were

1150
00:46:32,122 --> 00:46:35,225
very very big, very massive,

1151
00:46:35,292 --> 00:46:36,960
much bigger than the normal

1152
00:46:37,027 --> 00:46:38,595
stars in a nearby Milky Way

1153
00:46:38,662 --> 00:46:40,731
galaxy and they also lived out

1154
00:46:40,798 --> 00:46:43,867
their lives extremely fast

1155
00:46:43,934 --> 00:46:45,169
because they were only made of

1156
00:46:45,235 --> 00:46:47,704
Hadrian that hydrogen and helium

1157
00:46:47,771 --> 00:46:49,773
and of the heavier elements that

1158
00:46:49,840 --> 00:46:51,542
cause stars to move more slowly

1159
00:46:51,608 --> 00:46:53,677
in their lives so we have never

1160
00:46:53,744 --> 00:46:55,379
observed these first population

1161
00:46:55,445 --> 00:46:57,381
of stars and we certainly hope

1162
00:46:57,447 --> 00:46:57,948
you might get lucky and see

1163
00:46:58,015 --> 00:47:00,250
them.

1164
00:47:00,317 --> 00:47:02,786
But we are not sure if we will.

1165
00:47:02,853 --> 00:47:04,154
It's one of those things about

1166
00:47:04,221 --> 00:47:05,255
trying to find things we have

1167
00:47:05,322 --> 00:47:06,924
never found before is that we

1168
00:47:06,990 --> 00:47:08,525
certainly do hope to see them

1169
00:47:08,592 --> 00:47:10,160
but we don't know if we well but

1170
00:47:10,227 --> 00:47:12,262
yes, we are excited because the

1171
00:47:12,329 --> 00:47:13,430
first stars are totally

1172
00:47:13,497 --> 00:47:18,035
different than our normal stars.

1173
00:47:18,101 --> 00:47:19,903
Jon may have more to add.

1174
00:47:19,970 --> 00:47:22,072
>> one thing about them is even

1175
00:47:22,139 --> 00:47:23,941
with the great web telescope you

1176
00:47:24,007 --> 00:47:25,342
cannot see them individually in

1177
00:47:25,409 --> 00:47:27,244
the normal lives but they do two

1178
00:47:27,311 --> 00:47:29,813
things, they come in herds,

1179
00:47:29,880 --> 00:47:30,948
hundreds or thousands or

1180
00:47:31,014 --> 00:47:32,549
millions of them together and

1181
00:47:32,616 --> 00:47:33,884
then you can see them and then

1182
00:47:33,951 --> 00:47:35,752
it looks like a new galaxy they

1183
00:47:35,819 --> 00:47:37,454
also blow up when they are old

1184
00:47:37,521 --> 00:47:39,256
which is not very old a few

1185
00:47:39,323 --> 00:47:40,624
million years it takes to burn

1186
00:47:40,691 --> 00:47:42,259
out and then they become what we

1187
00:47:42,326 --> 00:47:44,161
call a supernova which is as

1188
00:47:44,228 --> 00:47:46,697
bright as a hole galaxy is today

1189
00:47:46,763 --> 00:47:48,298
though there are things we know

1190
00:47:48,365 --> 00:47:49,600
that we can see if they are out

1191
00:47:49,666 --> 00:47:51,034
there but they're hard to find

1192
00:47:51,101 --> 00:47:52,269
and that's the big challenge to

1193
00:47:52,336 --> 00:47:54,037
find them and then study them in

1194
00:47:54,104 --> 00:47:54,838
depth.

1195
00:47:54,905 --> 00:47:56,573
>> absolutely.

1196
00:47:56,640 --> 00:47:57,774
>> I believe that we have

1197
00:47:57,841 --> 00:48:10,187
another question from the media.

1198
00:48:10,254 --> 00:48:13,590
>> what is the exact date that

1199
00:48:13,657 --> 00:48:15,192
this is scheduled to begin and

1200
00:48:15,259 --> 00:48:18,695
how long will it last and also

1201
00:48:18,762 --> 00:48:21,765
could you provide a couple of

1202
00:48:21,832 --> 00:48:26,236
astronomical targets for these

1203
00:48:26,303 --> 00:48:32,442
images?

1204
00:48:32,509 --> 00:48:34,278
>> please repeat these

1205
00:48:34,344 --> 00:48:36,880
questions.

1206
00:48:36,947 --> 00:48:39,616
>> it is what date is currently

1207
00:48:39,683 --> 00:48:42,352
on the calendar to begin and how

1208
00:48:42,419 --> 00:48:45,355
long will it take?

1209
00:48:45,422 --> 00:48:47,824
>> the exact date, I do not have

1210
00:48:47,891 --> 00:48:49,793
that for you but it will start

1211
00:48:49,860 --> 00:48:51,261
in the next few days.

1212
00:48:51,328 --> 00:48:55,832
Right now before Thanksgiving we

1213
00:48:55,899 --> 00:48:57,467
will say.

1214
00:48:57,534 --> 00:48:59,369
That still keeps us on track to

1215
00:48:59,436 --> 00:49:02,139
launch on 18 but as far as

1216
00:49:02,205 --> 00:49:04,641
feeling, we just tap it off like

1217
00:49:04,708 --> 00:49:06,343
you do in a car with the gas

1218
00:49:06,410 --> 00:49:07,444
tank.

1219
00:49:07,511 --> 00:49:08,679
And we know that we will have

1220
00:49:08,745 --> 00:49:10,447
full -- feeling for at least ten

1221
00:49:10,514 --> 00:49:12,115
years and probably much longer

1222
00:49:12,182 --> 00:49:13,583
unless we have some mandatory

1223
00:49:13,650 --> 00:49:14,785
burns that we have to do early

1224
00:49:14,851 --> 00:49:16,386
on actually separate from the

1225
00:49:16,453 --> 00:49:17,955
rocket to keep us on course for

1226
00:49:18,021 --> 00:49:19,923
around two and we will use some

1227
00:49:19,990 --> 00:49:21,758
burns as we need to along the

1228
00:49:21,825 --> 00:49:25,896
way if you will burn -- the more

1229
00:49:25,963 --> 00:49:26,863
fuel burned the better for

1230
00:49:26,930 --> 00:49:27,931
long-term life of the

1231
00:49:27,998 --> 00:49:30,133
observatory right now we do

1232
00:49:30,200 --> 00:49:31,868
expect many years beyond ten

1233
00:49:31,935 --> 00:49:37,441
years of fuel.

1234
00:49:37,507 --> 00:49:39,076
>> that was actually referring

1235
00:49:39,142 --> 00:49:41,311
to how long the process of

1236
00:49:41,378 --> 00:49:43,380
telescope for launch takes.

1237
00:49:43,447 --> 00:49:44,448
I know you said you don't have

1238
00:49:44,514 --> 00:49:47,951
the exact date but would it be a

1239
00:49:48,018 --> 00:49:53,657
week or a couple of days?

1240
00:49:53,724 --> 00:49:55,993
>> fueling takes ten days to two

1241
00:49:56,059 --> 00:50:02,399
weeks from start to finish.

1242
00:50:02,466 --> 00:50:04,234
>> my other question if someone

1243
00:50:04,301 --> 00:50:05,569
could give us a couple targets

1244
00:50:05,635 --> 00:50:11,942
that might be among these first

1245
00:50:12,009 --> 00:50:19,249
image release targets.

1246
00:50:19,316 --> 00:50:21,651
>> the first image, the first

1247
00:50:21,718 --> 00:50:24,321
science images we expect our

1248
00:50:24,388 --> 00:50:25,722
secret.

1249
00:50:25,789 --> 00:50:26,723
We don't release that to the

1250
00:50:26,790 --> 00:50:28,658
public, we wanted to be a big

1251
00:50:28,725 --> 00:50:30,293
surprise, I don't even know what

1252
00:50:30,360 --> 00:50:31,695
they are so it will be a

1253
00:50:31,762 --> 00:50:36,900
surprise for >> and social media

1254
00:50:36,967 --> 00:50:38,802
we have some fans of Canada here

1255
00:50:38,869 --> 00:50:40,303
so we will go back to Sarah in

1256
00:50:40,370 --> 00:50:42,939
Montréal, Sarah can you tell us

1257
00:50:43,006 --> 00:50:44,608
more about different missions

1258
00:50:44,674 --> 00:50:46,243
that the Canadian space agency

1259
00:50:46,309 --> 00:50:49,246
is collaborating with NASA on?

1260
00:50:49,312 --> 00:50:53,350
>> absolutely.

1261
00:50:53,417 --> 00:50:54,618
Canada has been collaborating

1262
00:50:54,684 --> 00:51:02,259
with NASA for the beginning.

1263
00:51:02,325 --> 00:51:05,028
The partnership goes back more

1264
00:51:05,095 --> 00:51:08,732
recently for astronomy we

1265
00:51:08,799 --> 00:51:11,234
provided the center for the

1266
00:51:11,301 --> 00:51:14,004
ultraviolet fuse mission which

1267
00:51:14,071 --> 00:51:15,972
was the precursor to the

1268
00:51:16,039 --> 00:51:18,775
guidance center being provided

1269
00:51:18,842 --> 00:51:20,877
with a web telescope.

1270
00:51:20,944 --> 00:51:23,113
And we partnered with NASA on

1271
00:51:23,180 --> 00:51:25,015
space astronomy but also other

1272
00:51:25,082 --> 00:51:27,951
space domains for example, in

1273
00:51:28,018 --> 00:51:31,755
earth observations, weather, and

1274
00:51:31,822 --> 00:51:34,157
lots of other domains and we

1275
00:51:34,224 --> 00:51:37,060
also know this is a long story

1276
00:51:37,127 --> 00:51:38,562
and history, the community is a

1277
00:51:38,628 --> 00:51:40,564
very tight and combined and we

1278
00:51:40,630 --> 00:51:42,632
have a lot of partnerships and

1279
00:51:42,699 --> 00:51:44,835
projects in common.

1280
00:51:44,901 --> 00:51:49,473
A lot of the science plans for

1281
00:51:49,539 --> 00:51:51,408
James Webb involved

1282
00:51:51,475 --> 00:51:53,110
international partnership that

1283
00:51:53,176 --> 00:51:54,811
Canadians are active with

1284
00:51:54,878 --> 00:51:56,146
everyone around the world.

1285
00:51:56,213 --> 00:51:58,048
These are truly collaborative

1286
00:51:58,115 --> 00:51:59,816
and we need to work together to

1287
00:51:59,883 --> 00:52:03,086
achieve big dreams.

1288
00:52:03,153 --> 00:52:04,187
It's too much for any one

1289
00:52:04,254 --> 00:52:05,889
nation.

1290
00:52:05,956 --> 00:52:06,890
Partnership is part of the

1291
00:52:06,957 --> 00:52:10,260
endeavor.

1292
00:52:10,327 --> 00:52:11,628
>> we spoke about the first

1293
00:52:11,695 --> 00:52:13,163
stars in the first galaxies and

1294
00:52:13,230 --> 00:52:14,331
there are some questions about

1295
00:52:14,397 --> 00:52:15,799
the more close Soler system

1296
00:52:15,866 --> 00:52:17,801
observations.

1297
00:52:17,868 --> 00:52:19,269
We know at the opening Jon you

1298
00:52:19,336 --> 00:52:20,003
mentioned things like like

1299
00:52:20,070 --> 00:52:21,104
Europa and Titan and the

1300
00:52:21,171 --> 00:52:22,539
question is, can you give us

1301
00:52:22,606 --> 00:52:24,574
specific ideas about what they

1302
00:52:24,641 --> 00:52:26,042
want to observe and place like

1303
00:52:26,109 --> 00:52:29,546
Europe and Titan.

1304
00:52:29,613 --> 00:52:30,881
I do not have many details to

1305
00:52:30,947 --> 00:52:32,649
give but I do know that they are

1306
00:52:32,716 --> 00:52:34,584
interesting to me so I am

1307
00:52:34,651 --> 00:52:36,453
pleased our Soler system experts

1308
00:52:36,520 --> 00:52:37,988
have chosen these targets and

1309
00:52:38,054 --> 00:52:39,055
basically everything you have

1310
00:52:39,122 --> 00:52:40,490
ever heard of the Soler system

1311
00:52:40,557 --> 00:52:42,125
we will look at it.

1312
00:52:42,192 --> 00:52:44,861
On Europa we will see, can we

1313
00:52:44,928 --> 00:52:46,930
see the water jets coming out?

1314
00:52:46,997 --> 00:52:49,065
For Titan we want to see what's

1315
00:52:49,132 --> 00:52:50,066
it like where really in the

1316
00:52:50,133 --> 00:52:51,568
helicopter.

1317
00:52:51,635 --> 00:52:54,404
Everything that we of the

1318
00:52:54,471 --> 00:52:55,639
encounters that were planning to

1319
00:52:55,705 --> 00:52:58,141
do would be good to do now.

1320
00:52:58,208 --> 00:52:59,376
We certainly will look for the

1321
00:52:59,442 --> 00:53:00,744
interstellar comments that might

1322
00:53:00,810 --> 00:53:01,678
be coming through from from

1323
00:53:01,745 --> 00:53:03,680
other places, we don't have one

1324
00:53:03,747 --> 00:53:04,915
in mind yet.

1325
00:53:04,981 --> 00:53:06,383
But certainly we do expect them

1326
00:53:06,449 --> 00:53:08,318
to come, we are getting better

1327
00:53:08,385 --> 00:53:09,586
at finding them.

1328
00:53:09,653 --> 00:53:11,988
Everything from the farthest out

1329
00:53:12,055 --> 00:53:16,560
the closest in which is Mars.

1330
00:53:16,626 --> 00:53:17,661
>> we have another question for

1331
00:53:17,727 --> 00:53:20,997
the media.

1332
00:53:21,064 --> 00:53:27,737
>> >> this is a question for

1333
00:53:27,804 --> 00:54:00,003
Sarah and that is, [INAUDIBLE].

1334
00:54:00,070 --> 00:54:01,905
>> listed by the fine guidance

1335
00:54:01,972 --> 00:54:03,173
sensor.

1336
00:54:03,240 --> 00:54:04,874
>> I can provide some details

1337
00:54:04,941 --> 00:54:06,209
for this.

1338
00:54:06,276 --> 00:54:09,412
The hole system need to have a

1339
00:54:09,479 --> 00:54:11,448
camera that looks at the

1340
00:54:11,514 --> 00:54:13,750
Starfield and then the system

1341
00:54:13,817 --> 00:54:15,619
determines very precisely where

1342
00:54:15,685 --> 00:54:16,786
the telescope is actually

1343
00:54:16,853 --> 00:54:18,622
pointing and so that becomes

1344
00:54:18,688 --> 00:54:20,323
part of the feedback loop where

1345
00:54:20,390 --> 00:54:21,758
that information is fed back

1346
00:54:21,825 --> 00:54:23,393
into the overall system and

1347
00:54:23,460 --> 00:54:24,794
points the telescope there is

1348
00:54:24,861 --> 00:54:26,963
also a mirror that can actually

1349
00:54:27,030 --> 00:54:29,065
keep the image steady so you

1350
00:54:29,132 --> 00:54:31,201
don't necessarily have to move

1351
00:54:31,268 --> 00:54:32,802
there are motions of the

1352
00:54:32,869 --> 00:54:34,204
telescope does and then there

1353
00:54:34,271 --> 00:54:36,873
are fine motions in position in

1354
00:54:36,940 --> 00:54:38,074
the very fine motions are

1355
00:54:38,141 --> 00:54:42,012
actually here by the mirror.

1356
00:54:42,078 --> 00:54:43,513
It is just a piece of the hole

1357
00:54:43,580 --> 00:54:45,248
system but it does take

1358
00:54:45,315 --> 00:54:47,584
information from the Starfield

1359
00:54:47,651 --> 00:54:49,519
and incorporated in so that's

1360
00:54:49,586 --> 00:54:52,656
all the keeping the telescope

1361
00:54:52,722 --> 00:55:01,498
telescope pointing precisely.

1362
00:55:01,564 --> 00:55:02,832
>> do you know how far they may

1363
00:55:02,899 --> 00:55:10,273
interact?

1364
00:55:10,340 --> 00:55:12,375
>> I do not know it offhand, we

1365
00:55:12,442 --> 00:55:13,310
can get the information for you

1366
00:55:13,376 --> 00:55:15,145
but I do not know it off and.

1367
00:55:15,211 --> 00:55:16,546
>> the second was about

1368
00:55:16,613 --> 00:55:18,014
gravitational lensing and how

1369
00:55:18,081 --> 00:55:19,649
Hubbell had used something

1370
00:55:19,716 --> 00:55:21,851
similar in the pass, we want to

1371
00:55:21,918 --> 00:55:28,358
do gravitational lensing >>

1372
00:55:28,425 --> 00:55:29,959
Hubbell has discovered and

1373
00:55:30,026 --> 00:55:31,594
others have also discovered that

1374
00:55:31,661 --> 00:55:37,100
gravity will bend light.

1375
00:55:37,167 --> 00:55:38,468
It's like having an extra lens

1376
00:55:38,535 --> 00:55:42,739
on the telescope way at their

1377
00:55:42,806 --> 00:55:43,873
peak we are have -- we have

1378
00:55:43,940 --> 00:55:45,075
surveyed the hole sky and we

1379
00:55:45,141 --> 00:55:46,142
know hundreds already we have

1380
00:55:46,209 --> 00:55:47,844
chosen a list where we think the

1381
00:55:47,911 --> 00:55:49,446
best sides to see something

1382
00:55:49,512 --> 00:55:50,547
further away that is highly

1383
00:55:50,613 --> 00:55:52,382
magnified by the slanted space

1384
00:55:52,449 --> 00:55:53,583
so we see these beautiful

1385
00:55:53,650 --> 00:55:55,785
circles and picture where the

1386
00:55:55,852 --> 00:55:56,920
distant galaxy has been

1387
00:55:56,986 --> 00:56:01,991
magnified but distorted by an.

1388
00:56:02,058 --> 00:56:08,465
It is one of the most important

1389
00:56:08,531 --> 00:56:11,668
things from the field.

1390
00:56:11,735 --> 00:56:13,503
>> one of the early science

1391
00:56:13,570 --> 00:56:15,305
programs, the very first data

1392
00:56:15,372 --> 00:56:17,207
that was taken the first year

1393
00:56:17,273 --> 00:56:20,110
dealt with this exactly through

1394
00:56:20,176 --> 00:56:27,484
these gravitational lenses.

1395
00:56:27,550 --> 00:56:29,819
>> Sarah, is there something you

1396
00:56:29,886 --> 00:56:30,820
wanted to add for the last

1397
00:56:30,887 --> 00:56:33,223
question?

1398
00:56:33,289 --> 00:56:34,924
>> one of the Canadian programs

1399
00:56:34,991 --> 00:56:36,259
that we have will be using the

1400
00:56:36,326 --> 00:56:38,361
nearest instruments and looking

1401
00:56:38,428 --> 00:56:40,864
at gravitational planets taking

1402
00:56:40,930 --> 00:56:42,465
advantage of those cosmic

1403
00:56:42,532 --> 00:56:44,234
magnifying glasses in order to

1404
00:56:44,300 --> 00:56:45,535
look at very very distant

1405
00:56:45,602 --> 00:56:47,804
galaxies behind these massive

1406
00:56:47,871 --> 00:56:49,906
clusters and then study their

1407
00:56:49,973 --> 00:56:53,076
properties to learn much more

1408
00:56:53,143 --> 00:56:54,644
about the shape of them and what

1409
00:56:54,711 --> 00:56:56,112
they are doing and are they nice

1410
00:56:56,179 --> 00:56:58,047
and organized and are they

1411
00:56:58,114 --> 00:56:58,915
structured?

1412
00:56:58,982 --> 00:57:02,185
Those are the kinds of questions

1413
00:57:02,252 --> 00:57:04,754
that we have a program to

1414
00:57:04,821 --> 00:57:09,192
address this issue.

1415
00:57:09,259 --> 00:57:10,593
>> does that conclude the

1416
00:57:10,660 --> 00:57:12,195
question to the media?

1417
00:57:12,262 --> 00:57:15,932
Do we have anything else that if

1418
00:57:15,999 --> 00:57:19,202
a question for Bill hardwood.

1419
00:57:19,269 --> 00:57:21,371
>> you mentioned seeing the very

1420
00:57:21,438 --> 00:57:23,840
first light from clouds from the

1421
00:57:23,907 --> 00:57:26,709
very first stars, do you guys

1422
00:57:26,776 --> 00:57:28,645
expect galaxies to exist at that

1423
00:57:28,711 --> 00:57:31,681
point, I am just wondering where

1424
00:57:31,748 --> 00:57:33,116
we can solve this chicken and

1425
00:57:33,183 --> 00:57:34,784
egg thing in terms of what came

1426
00:57:34,851 --> 00:57:40,824
first.

1427
00:57:40,890 --> 00:57:42,358
>> are you asking about

1428
00:57:42,425 --> 00:57:47,030
galaxies?

1429
00:57:47,096 --> 00:57:49,599
>> obviously comes from stars

1430
00:57:49,666 --> 00:57:52,101
that you -- do you expect

1431
00:57:52,168 --> 00:57:54,070
galaxies to be be assembled or

1432
00:57:54,137 --> 00:57:56,272
is it still farming -- forming

1433
00:57:56,339 --> 00:58:00,376
as as far back?

1434
00:58:00,443 --> 00:58:01,945
>> we do expect galaxies to grow

1435
00:58:02,011 --> 00:58:04,314
over time, they grow as a

1436
00:58:04,380 --> 00:58:06,649
gravity pulls a bit together in

1437
00:58:06,716 --> 00:58:09,018
the has galaxies pulling

1438
00:58:09,085 --> 00:58:12,522
together.

1439
00:58:12,589 --> 00:58:14,424
We see the stars and as was

1440
00:58:14,491 --> 00:58:16,159
mentioned earlier they only last

1441
00:58:16,226 --> 00:58:19,963
for a few million years each.

1442
00:58:20,029 --> 00:58:20,663
Each.

1443
00:58:20,730 --> 00:58:22,131
For us to see a galaxy it is

1444
00:58:22,198 --> 00:58:23,867
many many stories that light up

1445
00:58:23,933 --> 00:58:24,801
the same time that we are

1446
00:58:24,868 --> 00:58:25,702
looking.

1447
00:58:25,768 --> 00:58:27,237
We certainly do expect to see

1448
00:58:27,303 --> 00:58:28,738
the collective effect of many

1449
00:58:28,805 --> 00:58:31,374
many individual stars but, for

1450
00:58:31,441 --> 00:58:35,411
us, one of the big to the stars

1451
00:58:35,478 --> 00:58:36,846
make the black holes are due the

1452
00:58:36,913 --> 00:58:38,448
black holes help make the stars?

1453
00:58:38,515 --> 00:58:40,950
That is a chicken and the egg

1454
00:58:41,017 --> 00:58:42,252
question that we are very much

1455
00:58:42,318 --> 00:58:43,753
worried about.

1456
00:58:43,820 --> 00:58:46,322
>> okay we are going to wrap up

1457
00:58:46,389 --> 00:58:47,790
the questions at the time and

1458
00:58:47,857 --> 00:58:48,858
that's all the time we have for

1459
00:58:48,925 --> 00:58:50,126
this briefing and it has been

1460
00:58:50,193 --> 00:58:51,261
wonderful to be here with this

1461
00:58:51,327 --> 00:58:52,962
incredible panel there is so

1462
00:58:53,029 --> 00:58:54,030
much more to share about this

1463
00:58:54,097 --> 00:58:55,632
exciting mission I hope you join

1464
00:58:55,698 --> 00:58:57,634
as at 2:00 Eastern time today

1465
00:58:57,700 --> 00:58:58,568
because we will have another

1466
00:58:58,635 --> 00:59:00,136
impressive team of engineers and

1467
00:59:00,203 --> 00:59:01,271
mission planners to walk us

1468
00:59:01,337 --> 00:59:02,906
through the future of technology

1469
00:59:02,972 --> 00:59:05,108
that enables this golden eye

1470
00:59:05,174 --> 00:59:09,178
that we have and find what is

1471
00:59:09,245 --> 00:59:10,380
out there.

1472
00:59:10,446 --> 00:59:12,482
Thank you for joining us.

1473
00:59:12,549 --> 00:59:14,500
Please join us for the

1474
00:59:14,500 --> 00:59:17,186
2 pm briefing.