FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS NASA HAS
BEEN OUR EYES IN SPACE TO BETTER
UNDERSTAND AND EXPLORE OUR
PLANET, IMPROVE OUR LIVES AND
SAFEGUARD US IN THE FUTURE.
THE LANDSAT PROGRAM REPRESENTS
THE LONGEST CONTINUOUS GLOBAL
LIGHT RECORD OF THE EARTH
EARTH'S SURFACE.
AND OF COURSE THE LONG TERM
RECORD OF OUR HOME PLANET WHICH
ALLOWS US TO TRACK THE CHANGES,
THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
WHEN LANDSAT NINE LAUNCHES IN
SEPTEMBER IT WILL BUILD ON THE
MOST ADVANCED MEASUREMENTS MADE
IN THE PROGRAM'S HISTORY.
LANDSAT NINE TOGETHER ALONG WITH
LANDSAT EIGHT AND EUROPEAN
SATELLITES, THEY WILL ALLOW
SCIENTISTS TO STUDY CHANGE, CROP
AND WATER RESOURCES.
THIS DATA IS NOT ONLY CRITICAL
TO THE FARMERS AND SCIENTISTS.
IT IS FREE AND OPENLY AVAILABLE
TO THOSE SEEKING AVAILABLE TO
LOCAL ISSUES SUCH AS CHANGING
FRESHWATER AVAILABILITY, FOOD
SECURITY, AND HEALTH.
LANDSAT 9 IS ONE OF MANY THAT
BENEFIT LIFE.
I CANNOT WAIT TO SEE WHAT WE
WILL LEARN NEXT.
GOOD MORNING, I AM TYLER GREEN
FROM THE OFFICE OF
COMMUNICATIONS.
I AM YOUR HOST TODAY TO DISCUSS
THE UPCOMING NASA SURVEY LANDSAT
NINE MISSION.
GIVEN THE ONGOING PANDEMIC, ALL
OF OUR PARTICIPANTS ARE JOINING
US FROM VARIOUS LOCATIONS.
WE ARE TRYING A DIFFERENT FORMAT
FOR THIS BROADCAST WITH THIS
PARTICULAR PLATFORM COMBINED
WITH ALL OF THE LOCATIONS WE
HAVE TECHNICAL LIMITATIONS WITH
LIFE PARTICIPATION FOR Q AND A.
FOR TODAY WE ARE TAKING
QUESTIONS VIA E-MAIL AND SOCIAL
MEDIA DURING THE BROADCAST.
WHICH WE WILL READ VERBATIM.
FOR NEARLY 50 YEARS, LANDSAT HAS
CAPTURED DATA AND IMAGES,
DOCUMENTING EARTH'S CHANGING
LANDSCAPE.
NOW, THIS JOINT MISSION BETWEEN
NASA IN THE US SURVEY WILL
CONTINUE TO CARRY ON THE LEGACY
OF THE CRITICAL ROLE IN
MONITORING LAND USE IN HELPING
DECISION-MAKERS MANAGE ESSENTIAL
RESOURCES.
WE ARE HERE TODAY TO COUNT DOWN
THE LAUNCH OF THE LIE IS LATEST
DIALOGUE IN THE SERIES IN TO
ANSWER QUESTIONS LATER ON IN THE
BRIEFING.
ON OUR PANEL TODAY, WE HAVE
KARIN, THE DIRECTOR OF THE EARTH
SCIENCE DIVISION WHO WILL
PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE
PROGRAM AND HOW EARTH
OBSERVATION CAN HELP MANAGE
RESOURCES.
NASA'S PROJECT MANAGER WHO WILL
DISCUSS THE JOURNEY FROM DESIGN
TO THE LAUNCHPAD.
JEFF, THE PROJECT SCIENTISTS WHO
WILL TELL US ABOUT HOW THE VIEWS
ARE CHANGING EARTH CHECKING THE
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND
BENEFITS TO PEOPLE.
DAVID APPLEGATE, ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR FOR NATURAL HAZARDS
EXERCISING THE DELEGATED
AUTHORITY OF THE DIRECTOR FROM
THE US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WHO
WILL DISCUSS THE WEALTH OF DATA
IN POSSIBILITIES WITH THE
CONTINUOUS 50 YEAR RECORD FROM
LANDSAT.
BIRGIT PETERSON THE GEOGRAPHER
WITH THE SURVEY WILL PROVIDE
INFORMATION ABOUT HOW THE DATA
HELPS TO RESPOND TO WILDFIRES,
AND FINALLY INVOLVED WITH NASA
HARVEST HE WILL DISCUSS THE
APPLICATION OF LANDSAT NINE DATA
TO MANAGE CROPS IN THE
CONNECTION TO AGRICULTURAL AND
OUR FOOD SUPPLY.
FOR ANYONE WATCHING WOULD LIKE
TO SUBMIT A QUESTION PLEASE DO
SO USING THE #LANDSAT.
MY COLLEAGUE IS ALSO RECEIVING
QUESTIONS VIA E-MAIL.
WE WILL BEGIN WITH OUR SCIENCE
DIVISION DIRECTOR
MR. ST. GERMAINE JOINING US FROM
NASA HEADQUARTERS IN WASHINGTON.
>> THANK YOU, SO MUCH IN
WELCOME, EVERYONE TO TODAY'S
BRIEFING.
ON BEHALF OF THE TEAM AT NASA I
WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME YOU AND
LET YOU KNOW THAT WE ARE REALLY
EXCITED ABOUT THE UPCOMING
LANDSAT LAUNCH.
NASA IS THE AGENCY WITH
CAPABILITY FOR COLLECTING
SPACE-BASED EARTH OBSERVATIONS
AND DELIVERING SCIENCE
APPLICATIONS.
OUR FLEET OF 23 SATELLITES AND
SENSORS ORBIT THE EARTH TODAY
AND ANOTHER TEN OTHER LAUNCHING
OVER THE NEXT TWO YEARS, TO
OBSERVE OUR PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE,
OCEANS, LAND AND ICE
SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASING THE
ABILITY TO SEE THE EARTH SYSTEMS
AND HOW THEY WERE TOGETHER.
THESE MISSIONS INCLUDE THOSE WE
BUILD FOR AGENCIES IN THE US IN
THOSE THAT WE BUILD IN
PARTNERSHIP WITH SPACE AGENCIES
AROUND THE WORLD.
THEY INCLUDE INSTRUMENTS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND
SATELLITES WHICH RANGE IN SIZE
FROM A SHOEBOX TO A COACH BUS.
THESE SATELLITES IN THOSE THAT
CAME BEFORE THEM UNDERPIN MUCH
OF WHAT WE UNDERSTAND TODAY
ABOUT OUR CHANGING EARTH
CLIMATE.
AS WE LOOK TO THE FUTURE, WE
WILL BUILD THE SYSTEMS WHICH
HELP US TO UNDERSTAND THE
EFFECTS OF THAT CLIMATE CHANGE
SO THAT WE COULD MODEL IN
PREDICTING AND ULTIMATELY INFORM
DECISION-MAKERS FROM INDIVIDUALS
TO INTERNATIONAL BODIES.
THE MEASUREMENTS COLLECTED FROM
SPACE HELP US TO UNDERSTAND THE
SCIENCE OF HOW THE EARTH SYSTEMS
WORK TOGETHER.
WE LOOK TO ANSWER QUESTIONS LIKE
HOW WEATHER IMPACTS COASTLINES
TO CROPS.
HOW MELTING ICE IS CHANGING OUR
OCEAN ATMOSPHERE IN HOW CARBON
MOVES THROUGH THE EARTH SYSTEM.
NASA IS LEADING THE WORLD AND
SHARING OUR DATA IN SCIENCE AND
WE ARE ACCELERATING EVERY EFFORT
POSSIBLE TO MEET THE DEMANDS FOR
ACTIONABLE AND TRUSTED
INFORMATION IN SUPPORT OF
DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITIES.
AND WE ARE DAYS AWAY FROM
LAUNCHING THE NINTH LANDSAT
MISSION.
THIS BANS NEARLY 50 YEARS AND IT
IS THE CORNERSTONE OF OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF EARTH'S
SURFACE.
EACH SATELLITE IN THE LANDSAT
PROGRAM HAS CAPTURED AN
INCREASINGLY SOPHISTICATED
IMAGERY DOCUMENTING THE
LANDSCAPES AND INCREASING THE
UNDERSTANDING OF THE PLANET THEY
INFORM A WIDE RANGE OF DECISIONS
TO CROP HELP IN WATER RESOURCES
IN THAT YOU WILL HEAR MORE ABOUT
THAT THIS MORNING.
THESE ARE CRITICAL DECISIONS TO
MITIGATE ISSUES LIKE THE FOOS
FOOD SCARCITY IN AN AREA OF
CLIMATE CHANGE.
THIS IS ESSENTIAL TO GLOBAL
AGENCIES FIRST RESPONDERS IN THE
UNITED STATES, POLICYMAKERS AT
EVERY LEVEL IN MAJOR
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AND
INDIVIDUAL PEACEFUL PEOPLE.
WORKING WITH OUR SISTER AGENCIES
AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SUCH
AS USGS AND USGA AND WHEN OUR
PARTNERS LIKE GOOGLE THEY ARE
DELIVERING THE MOST URGENT
COMPREHENSIVE AND APPLICABLE
SCIENCE NEEDED TO HELP INFORM
CRITICAL DECISIONS.
NOW TO HEAR MORE I WILL TURN TO
MY COLLEAGUE THE PROJECT
MANAGER.
OVER TO YOU.
>> THANK YOU.
OUR PROJECT BEGAN IN 2,015 WE
WERE DIRECTED TO BUILD A
SATELLITE WITH SOME
IMPROVEMENTS.
WHEN YOU PUT THEM SAT SIDE BY
SIDE THEY LOOK VERY SIMILAR.
WE HAVE TWO INSTRUMENTS.
THAT ARE CENSORED THIS ONLY HAS
THE OPERATIONAL IMAGERY AND IS
REFLECTIVE.
THE BIGGEST IMPROVEMENT IS TO
MAKE THEM FULLY REDUNDANT AND IT
IS A FURTHER RELIABILITY.
WE HAVE ALSO IMPROVED THE
PROCESS TO REDUCE THEM WHICH
WILL PROVIDE MORE ACCURATE
READINGS.
IT IS IDENTICAL TO THE SATELLITE
RATHER THAN 12 THAT WE BREAK
THEM.
THIS IMPROVES THE SENSITIVITY BY
25% WHICH IS IMPORTANT FOR
ANALYZING COASTAL WATERS.
THIS IS THE ONLY GENERATION OF
ELECTRONICS AND SOFTWARE AND IT
IS BETTER PROTECTED IT WILL BE
FROM THE THREE-POINT CENTER
WHICH WAS DEVELOPED AND OPERATED
BY OUR PARTNERS AND THIS IS
EXCELLENT.
THEY WILL BRING THIS MISSION TO
LAUNCH.
THIS WILL BE THE BEST ONE.
NOW LET ME INTRODUCE ANOTHER.
>> LET ME'S WEEK ABOUT WHAT IT
DOES AND WILL WE DO WITH THE
IMAGES ONCE WE BRING THEM BACK
TO EARTH.
THE KEY THING IS THAT WE HAVE
IMAGES OF THE COASTAL AREAS AND
BY MULTISPECTRAL WE MEAN THAT IT
IS NOT JUST THE COLORS OF LIGHT
THAT OUR EYES SEE BUT ALSO
INFRARED INCLUDING THE LONGWAVE
WHICH IS SENSITIVE TO SURFACE
TEMPERATURES, THEY ALLOW FOR
FINGERPRINTING IN WRAPPING THE
CHANGES THROUGHOUT TIME.
AND WE HAVE TWO INSTRUMENTS ON
BOARD ONLY TWO OF THEM WHICH IS
REFLECTIVE SHORTER WAVELENGTHS
WITH ONLY TWO WE SEE OBJECTS AS
SMALL AS 30 METERS OR THE SIZE
OF A BASEBALL DIAMOND AND WE
ALSO HAVE THIS WHICH IS THE
TEMPERATURE IMAGER AND WE SEE
OBJECTS ABOUT ONE METERS INSIDE
WHICH IS ABOUT THE SIZE OF A
FOOTBALL FIELD.
WE GET THE SAME CONDITIONS ON
EVERY ORBIT WITH THOSE
CONSISTENCIES, THE DATA IS
COLLECTED WHICH IS
185 KILOMETERS WIDE WHICH
PROVIDES US COVERAGE EVERY 16
DAYS AND OF COURSE WE LAUNCH
INTO A CONSTELLATION OF TWO
SATELLITES.
SO EIGHT AND NINE OPERATE AT THE
SAME TIME AND WE GET GLOBAL LAND
COVERAGE EVERY EIGHT DAYS IT IS
CRITICAL FOR THE ASSESSMENT
CHANGE WITHIN A SINGLE YEAR IN
BETWEEN YEARS.
IN ADDITION TO THIS OBSERVATION
BEING CALIBRATED TO RADIANCE AND
REFLECTIVE TEMPERATURES, SO WHAT
DO WE DO WITH THESE IMAGES ONCE
WE BRING THEM BACK TO THE
GROUND?
I LIKE TO THINK OF IT AS
SOMETHING LIKE A SWISS ARMY
KNIFE OUT OF ONE SET OF
OBSERVATIONS OR MEASUREMENTS WE
SEE THE RANGE OF DIFFERENT
APPLICATIONS IN FACT, THEY
REMAIN THE MOST WIDELY CITED
SYSTEM IN THE LITERATURE WHICH
IS 1600 PAPERS PUBLISHED EACH
YEAR WHICH DEPEND ON IT.
IN THE ROLE IS TO HAVE NATURAL
CHANGES TO LAND ENVIRONMENT TO
BETTER SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING.
AND IN A LOT OF WAYS WE HAVE AN
AMAZING HISTORY OF HOW THE
PLANET IS CHANGING OVER THE PAST
HALF-CENTURY.
SO SPECIFIC EXAMPLES, LOOKING AT
LONG-TERM TRENDS AND LAND
COVERAGE WE SEE NATURAL
DISTURBANCES WHICH OCCUR FIRES
AND HURRICANES INSECT OUTBREAKS
IN LONG-TERM ECOSYSTEMS WHICH
TAKE PLACE FOR DECADES AFTER
THAT WE WILL HAVE EXAMPLES OF
THAT IN A COUPLE OF MOMENTS.
WE LOOK SPECIFICALLY AT CLIMATE
AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND
WE HAVE MAPPED AREAS AND
INCREASED PLANT COVER WITH WARM
PLANET TEMPERATURES.
WE LOOK AT HIM HUMAN LAND USE
CHANGE INCLUDING THE BEST
ESTIMATE FOR TROPICAL
DEFORESTATION THE EXPANSION OF
AGRICULTURE AND EXPANSION OF
CITIES AROUND THE WORLD.
THE KEY RESOURCE FOR AGRICULTURE
AND FOOD SECURITY, AND THEN WE
WILL TALK MORE ABOUT THIS IN A
MOMENT.
WE COULD LOOK AT THE CROPS BEING
GROWN.
WE COULD ALSO USE THE SURFACE
MEASURE FROM TEARS AND ENERGY
BUDGET MODELS WHICH IS AN
IMPORTANT APPLICATION IN THE
WESTERN US.
IN THE EMERGING APPLICATIONS
WHICH ARE EXCITING.
WE COULD TRACK THE SPEED OF
GLACIER FLOW BY AUTOMATED
TRACKING ALGORITHMS WHICH IS A
KEY COMPONENT WE COULD LOOK AT
SURFACE WATER AND WATER
INEQUALITY.
AND GETTING EARLY DETECTION OF
THOSE.
SO AFTER 50 YEARS THEY ARE A
CORE RESOURCE FOR LAND IN
SCIENCE IN LAND MANAGEMENT AND
NEW APPLICATIONS ARE EMERGING
ALL THE TIME SO WITH THE LAUNCH
OF LANDSAT NINE THE SCIENCE
COMMUNITY IS LOOKING FORWARD TO
THIS LAUNCH TO JOIN THE
CONSTELLATION.
SO I WOULD LIKE TO NOW INTRODUCE
DAVID APPLING-APPLEGATE HE IS
THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF
NATURAL HAZARD EXECUTED
EXERCISING THE AUTHORITY.
>> THANK YOU.
I AM COMING TO YOU FROM
HEADQUARTERS IN VIRGINIA.
LET'S STEP BACK IN TIME TO THE
EARLY 1960S WHEN THE SPACE
RACE WAS IN FULL THROTTLE AND
BILLIONS SOLVE THE FIRST PICTURE
OF THAT BLUE MARBLE OF EARTH IT
WAS AWE-INSPIRING AND FOR THE US
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IT SPARKS A
REMOTE-SENSING SATELLITE PROGRAM
TO GATHER KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE
NATURAL RESOURCES OF OUR PLANET.
SINCE THEN, THEY HAVE PARTNERED
TO BUILD LAUNCH AND OPERATE THE
MISSIONS TO GATHER AND SHARE
OBSERVATION IMAGERY DATA AND
INFORMATION.
OVER THE PAST 50 YEARS, THEY
HAVE TRANSFORMED THE
UNDERSTANDING OF EARTH AND
ALLOWS US TO BETTER MONITOR AND
RESPOND TO CHANGES ON OUR
PLANET.
IT IS EXCITING TO CHANGE A TEST
BE WITH NASA NOW WHICH ALLOWS US
TO CONTINUE TO OBSERVE OUR
CHANGING WORLD.
IT IS A GREAT FEELING BEING THIS
CLOSE TO LAUNCH IN SEE THE HARD
WORK COMING TOGETHER FOR THE BIG
DAY.
SOON AFTER THE THE WORK BEGINS
FOR THE USGS.
EVERY EIGHT DAYS, LANDSAT EIGHT
AND NINE HAVE THE EARTH'S
SURFACE AND AS IT ORBITS ABOVE
EARTH, THE WORKS ON THE GROUND
MANAGING SATELLITE OPERATIONS
CALIBRATION DATA ARCHIVING
GENERATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.
WE DO THIS THROUGH THE SCIENCE
CENTER AND THE GLOBAL LANDSAT
NINE WILL COLLECT NEARLY 1500
LANDSAT SCENES EACH DAY AND
50 MILLION SQUARE KILOMETERS
WHICH IS MORE THAN LANDMASSES OF
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA
COMBINED.
NOT ONLY DO THEY COLLECT THE
DATA WE DISTRIBUTE THE PRODUCTS
TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF
USERS AROUND THE WORLD.
SINCE 2,008, AS THEY ARE
AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE WE SEE
GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF USES OF
THE DATA SUCH AS REGULAR
MONITORING OF WATER USE, LAST
YEAR WE SURPASSED 100 MILLION
IMAGE DOWNLOADS WHICH IS 40
BYTES OF DATA THEY ARE BEGINNING
TO USE LARGE VOLUMES OF LANDSAT
DATA INTO THE SUPPORT TOOLS THEY
CAN NOW QUICKLY ANALYZE
GEOGRAPHIC AREAS AND UNDERSTAND
LONG-TERM TRENDS OF SERVICE
CHANGE.
MUCH LIKE GPS AND WHETHER DATA
IS.
AS THE LAND OBSERVATION SOURCE
IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL TO SUPPORT
RECOVERY AND ANALYSIS CLIMATE
CHANGE ADAPTATION AND WATER
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.
THE ECONOMIC VALUES FAR
SURPASSES THE DEVELOPMENT AND
OPERATIONS.
EVEN AS WE CELEBRATE LANDSAT
NINE, WE CONTINUE TO LOOK TO THE
FUTURE WHERE WORK HAS ALREADY
BEEN BEGUN WITH LANDSAT NEXT TO
HAVE THE LONG-TERM DATA RECORD
THEY WILL HAVE MAJOR
IMPROVEMENTS OVER TWO DAYS THAT
RELATE TO SUPPORT BETTER SCIENCE
IN PUBLIC SERVICES.
NOW I WILL TURN IT OVER TO ONE
OF THE WONDERFUL SCIENTISTS WHO
COULD TELL YOU MORE ABOUT THE
VALUE IN HER WORK.
>> THANK YOU, DIRECTOR THEY HAVE
LONG SUPPORTED NEEDS WITHIN THE
MANAGEMENT COMMUNITY.
CRITICALLY, THEY HAVE DATA
CONTINUITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF
PRODUCTS TO INFORM WILDFIRE
MANAGEMENT DECISIONS.
THESE TRAITS OF CONTINUITY AND
CONSISTENCY ELIMINATE GAPS AND
HAVE LANDSCAPE FEATURES OVER
SPACE.
WE MONITOR THEM OVER TIME AND WE
PROVIDE QUALITY PRODUCTS TO OUR
PARTNERS WITH AGENCIES SUCH AS
THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIORS THE
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IN THE
USDA'S FOREST SERVICE.
FOR EXAMPLE, THEY HAVE KEY DATA
FOR DERIVING VEGETATION, FUEL
AND DISTURBING PRODUCTS ON A
NATIONAL SCALE.
ALSO SUFFICIENT RESOLUTION TO
CAPTURE THE DISTRIBUTION OF KEY
CHARACTERISTICS ACROSS THE
LANDSCAPE AS WE SEE RIGHT HERE
THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA
AND WYOMING.
WE CAN TELL DIFFERENT TYPES FROM
ONE ANOTHER FOR INSTRUMENT FOR
INSTANCE LOOK AT THIS VEGETATION
STRUCTURE IS RELATED TO FUELS
ENABLING THE FUEL.
THESE PRODUCTS IN TURN ARE THEN
USED TO FEED OTHER INSPIRATION
NEEDS SUCH AS PLANNING, TACTICAL
RESPONSE ON BUYER FIRE INCIDENTS
AND RISK ASSESSMENTS.
THEY HAVE AN IMPORTANT DATA
SOURCE FOR CHARACTERIZING THE
BURN SEVERITY AND WE LEVERAGE
THESE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRE-
AND POST IMAGES TO CAPTURE
CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPE.
FOR EXAMPLE, THE FIRE BURNED
50 ACRES IN THE SUMMER OF 2017,
A MAP WAS GENERATED USING THE
DATA AND WITHIN THE PERIMETER WE
SEE HIGH MODERATE AND LOW
SEVERITY AND ON BURNED AREAS.
PRODUCTS SUCH AS THIS GIVE
MANAGERS INFORMATION ABOUT WHERE
THEY MAY NEED TO CONCENTRATE
POST EFFORTS BECAUSE THEY ARE
ALSO CONNECTED TO OTHERS ON THE
LANDSCAPE SUCH AS HEAVY RAIN
EVENTS.
FURTHERMORE, WE ARE PROVIDING
EVEN MORE DETAILED INFORMATION
ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THE FIRE
HERE AND OTHER LOCATIONS.
WITH THESE PRODUCTS WE HAVE
TRENDS AND LOOKS FOR SHIFTS IN
SEVERITY OR FREQUENCY OF FIRES
AND WE ALSO BETTER UNDERSTANDING
DROP.
FINALLY, IT ENABLES THE
MONITORING OF LANDSCAPE AND
REGENERATION FOR EXAMPLE, THE
JASPER FIRE WAS IN THE SUMMER OF
2,000 IMPACTING 80,000 ACRES IN
THE BLACK HILLS, IN THE LAND
CHANGE MONITORING ASSESSMENT AND
PROJECTION PROGRAM YOU MONITOR
THE AREA TO ALMOST 20 YEARS
AFTER THAT FIRE.
THE AREA BEFORE THIS FIRE, THAT
DATA FROM ONE YEAR AFTER SHOW
SIGNIFICANT REMOVAL OF TREE
COVER ESPECIALLY WITH THOSE OF
SEVERITY IN ALMOST 20 YEARS
LATER THIS IMPACT IS RIGHT HERE.
THIS TYPE OF INFORMATION HELPS
MANAGERS UNDERSTAND HOW WELL AN
AREA IS REGENERATING HOW
RESILIENT IT MAY BE IN THE
TRANSITION IN THE YEARS AFTER
FIRE.
IN THE COMMUNITY IS LOOKING
FORWARD TO MANY MORE YEARS OF
LANDSAT DATA AND NOW I
INTRODUCED THE DOCTOR IN
DIRECTOR.
>> THANK YOU, VERY MUCH.
AS WE HAVE ALREADY HEARD THEY
HAVE PLAYED A CRITICAL ROLE IN
MONITORING OVER THE PAST SEVERAL
DECADES.
PROVIDING OBSERVATIONS WHICH IS
INSTRUMENTAL FOR UNDERSTANDING
OUR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM IF THEY
PROVIDE CLITORAL CRITICAL
EXTENSION OF THE DATA RECORD FOR
MONITORING ALMOST EVERY FIELD
CONTINUOUSLY ACROSS THE GLOBE
AND THAT THESE DATA SUPPORT
CRUCIAL DECISIONS AS WE TACKLE
ONE OF THE MOST PRESSING ISSUES
OF THE CENTURY.
FOOD SECURITY UNDER A WARMING
CLIENT.
THE FIRST MISSION WAS DESIGNED
WITH AGRICULTURAL MONITORING AS
A KEY APPLICATION AREA IN THESE
OBSERVATIONS WERE THE PRIMARY
TOOL FOR DEVELOPING THE LEGACY
PROGRAM OR AGRICULTURAL
MONITORING INCLUDING THIS WHICH
LAYS THE FOUNDATION FOR USING
THE DATA FOR MONITORING WHERE IN
WHEN THE CROPS ARE GROWING
MONITORING THE CROP CONDITIONS
AS IT PROGRESSES IN ESTIMATING
YIELDS IN PRODUCTION FOR SPACE.
SINCE 2009, THEY HAVE RELIED ON
DATA TO MASS OPERATIONALLY 108
CROP TYPES GROWN ACROSS THE US
AS PART OF THE DATA PROGRAM.
AND THIS IS THE GOLD STANDARD
FOR OTHER AGRICULTURE ACROSS THE
GLOBE FOR IDENTIFYING WHICH IS
GROWING WHERE.
THE 50 YEAR DATA RECORD AFFORDED
BY THE PROGRAM GIVES US A
LONG-TERM GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON
HOW OUR PLANS ARE CHANGING
WHETHER IT IS TRACKING
DEFORESTATION IN THE AMAZON OR
AGRICULTURAL ABANDONMENT
FOLLOWING THE SOVIET UNION AND
TRACKING THE IMPACT OF THE
WARMING CLIMATE AND EXTREME
WEATHER ON PRODUCTIVITY.
LANDSAT PROVIDES A CRITICAL
EXTENSION OF THIS RECORD FOR
MONITORING OUR FOOD SUPPLIES AND
HELPING TO INFORM AND ADDRESS
DECISIONS WITH HOW WE MANAGE AND
GROW AND ADAPT OUR FOOD
PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLY.
WHETHER THAT IS INFORMING
DECISIONS ON MANAGEMENT
PRACTICING OR HEALTH SUPPORTING
TRANSPARENT COMMODITY MARKET TO
PROVIDING EARLY WARNING OF THE
SHORTFALLS WE ARE SUPPORTING
MORE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE
INSURANCE SCHEME.
AS THEY CHANGE AND DEVELOP
THROUGHOUT THE GROWING SEASON
TIMELY AND FREQUENT OBSERVATIONS
ARE CRITICAL IN THERE FOR IT
WILL PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
INCREASING OBSERVATION WITH TWO
EUROPEAN SENTINELS WHICH
COMBINED WILL PROVIDE ALMOST
DAILY OBSERVATIONS TO TRACK
EVERY FIELD ACROSS THE GLOBE.
IT HAS A THERMAL SENSOR WHICH
PROVIDES THE COVERAGE AT
MODERATE RESOLUTION WHICH IS
CRITICAL FOR THE TRANSFORMATION
WHICH IS A KEY INDICATOR OF CROP
HEALTH.
FOR NASA PROGRAM LANDSAT NINE
WILL HAVE PRETTY CRITICAL
INFORMATION FOR SECURITY AND
DECISIONS.
AND WITH THAT I WILL TURN BACK
IT BACK OVER TO OUR HOST.
>> THANK YOU AND THANK YOU TO
ALL OF OUR PANELISTS DELEGATES
TRANSITION TO THE QE END A
SESSION START WITH YOU.
I WILL READ THE QUESTION THAT WE
GOT FROM MARCIA SMITH, A POLICY
ONLINE AND YOU CAN TAKE IT FROM
THERE.
IS IT CORRECT THAT THE LAUNCH
DELAY IS DUE TO INSUFFICIENT
LIQUID NITROGEN BECAUSE THE
SUPPLIER IS FOCUSED INSTEAD ON
PRODUCING LIQUID OXYGEN FOR THE
COVID PATIENTS ARE FURTHER
DELAYS EXPECTED?
>> THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTIONS
IT IS A GOOD ONE.
WE WERE SUPPOSED TO LAUNCH ON
THE 16TH AND NOW IT LOOKS LIKE
WE HAVE ABOUT ONE WEEK DELAY OR
SO.
IN THE FIRST THING TO UNDERSTAND
IS THE NITROGEN PROGRAM AT THE
SPACE FOR SPACE IS REALLY A
PROBLEM.
BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC, WITH
THESE DELIVERIES, WE HAVE LIQUID
NITROGEN DELIVERIES.
A LITTLE BIT OF BACKGROUND, THE
SPACE FACILITY, AND SO, WE HAVE
LEARNED EARLY LAST WEEK UGLY
MONDAY OF LAST WEEK FROM THE
LOGISTICS AGENCY, THE MANAGEMENT
OF THE FACILITY THAT THE SUPPLY
IS GOING LOW AND DID NOT SUPPORT
THAT TESTING AND IT MAY NOT
SUPPORT THAT.
SO THE ADMINISTRATOR, CONTACTED
THE SENIOR LEADERS, AND TO
GATHER THEY SPURRED A RECOVERY
EFFORT.
THE COMPANY THAT RUNS THAT IS
BRINGING AND MULTIPLE TANKERS
THEY SUPPORT THE OIL INDUSTRY
AND MOST OF THESE ARE RIGHT
THERE, SO WE SEE A SUBSTANTIAL
INCREASE RIGHT NOW AND AS FAR AS
WE KNOW BASED ON THIS, WE WILL
SUPPORT THE LAUNCH ON THE 23RD
INCLUDING REHEARSAL OF THIS
WEEK.
SO I THINK WE ARE ON TRACK AND
AFTER THAT, WE WILL BE THERE
RIGHT NOW, THEY ARE ON THE BASE
WAITING FOR THIS TEST TO TAKE
PLACE HOPEFULLY THAT IS ON THE
23RD.
>> THANK YOU.
OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FOR KARIN.
THIS IS FROM RANDY.
I WOULD APPRECIATE IT IF THE
SPEAKERS COULD PLEASE PUT THIS
LANDSAT NINE SPECIFICALLY AND
THE ENTIRE PROGRAM IN CONTACT
WITH OTHER SYSTEMS AND SATELLITE
INCLUDING THE OTHER SATELLITES.
AS PART OF THE RESPONSE I WOULD
APPRECIATE IF THE SPEAKERS COULD
DESCRIBE IF AND HOW THE SYSTEM
WENT ARE THE WEAKNESSES OF IT
AND THE SYSTEM AND THE OTHER
SYSTEMS.
THANK YOU.
SO TO UNDERSTAND THE EARTH IS A
SYSTEM, WE HAVE A FLEET OF
CAPABILITIES AND FOR EACH ONE OF
THOSE SATELLITES, THOSE
CAPABILITIES HAVE KEY FEATURES
LIKE WHAT COULD BE THERE, HOW
DETAILED, HOW ACCURATE, AND HOW
OFTEN COULD THEY SEE IT.
SO, WITH LANDSAT, THEY HAVE
ALREADY BEEN REFERRED TO THIS
MORNING, THE CONTINUOUS RECORD
WHICH ALLOWS US TO REALLY ANSWER
QUESTIONS THAT PLAY OUT OVER
TIME AND ALSO, THE CAPABILITIES,
WHAT LANDSAT CAN SEE WITH A
COMBINATION OF WAVELENGTHS, THE
INSTRUMENT OF INFRARED CHANNELS,
WE COMBINE THE DATA FROM THOSE
CHANNELS TO ANSWER QUESTIONS
ABOUT THINGS LIKE CROP HEALTH
AND FIRE DAMAGE AND WATER
QUALITY BECAUSE OF THINGS THAT
YOU HAVE ALREADY HEARD A LITTLE
BIT ABOUT THIS MORNING.
AND WE SEE THESE THINGS WHICH
ARE PRETTY IMPRESSIVE LEVELS OF
DETAILS.
BUT WITH A SINGLE LANDSAT
SATELLITE, WE ONLY GET TO
REFRESH THAT VIEW ONCE EVERY 16
DAYS.
SO WE CAN IMPROVE THAT REFRESH
BY COMBINING THAT DATA FROM TWO
AND WHEN WE FURTHER ADD IN THE
FROM THE SIMILAR SENTINEL WE
COULD GET THAT REFRESH DOWN NOW
TWO OR THREE DAYS.
SO IN THAT SENSE, EACH SATELLITE
IS WITHIN A CONSTELLATION.
AND MAKES A UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION.
ANOTHER STRENGTH OF LANDSAT IS,
IT IS DESIGNED TO BE EXTREMELY
ACCURATE AND STABLE SO IT SERVES
AS A CALIBRATION STANDARD FOR
OTHER SATELLITES AS WELL.
AND OF COURSE, IT IS OPERATIONAL
CAPABILITIES SO IT IS ALWAYS
THERE, WE CAN DEPEND ON THOSE
OBSERVATIONS.
WE DESIGNED NASA SATELLITE FLEET
TO BE COMPLEMENTARY.
SO, EACH SATELLITE ADDS TO THE
OVERALL BODY OF KNOWLEDGE SO FOR
EXAMPLE, A MATCHING COMBINING
THE SURFACE OBSERVATION OF
LANDSAT WITH DATA FROM OUR
GRAVITY MISSION WHICH COULD
WHETHER AN AQUIFER IS DEPLETED.
OR, PRECIPITATION MISSIONS WHICH
ESTIMATE HOW MUCH PRECIPITATION
IS FALLING OR THE MISSION THAT
YOU COULD SEE HOW MUCH WATER IS
STORED IN THE SNOW IN THE
MOUNTAINS.
SO YOU UNDERSTAND THAT IT PLAYS
A CRUCIAL AND COLORING ROLE AND
IT IS COMPLEMENTED BY THE
INFORMATION THAT WE GET FROM THE
REST OF THE FLEET AND INDEED
FROM INSTRUMENTS AND
OBSERVATIONS PROVIDED BY OUR
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS AROUND
THE WORLD.
IS THERE ANYTHING THAT YOU WOULD
LIKE TO ADD TO THAT ANSWER?
>> NO YOU DID VERY WELL.
I WILL JUST SAY THAT FROM THE
STANDPOINT OF WORKING WITH THEM,
MORE DATA IS HERE, I DO NOT
THINK I HAVE EVER HAD ANYONE
COME UP TO ME IN THE CONFERENCE
AND SAY YOU ARE COLLECTING WAY
TOO MUCH DATA.
WHAT PEOPLE REALLY WANT IS
LANDSAT TYPE DATA BUT ADD A
DAILY TIME STEP.
SO THAT YOU COULD LOOK AT THESE
AND HOW VEGETATION CHANGES FROM
DAY TODAY ALL THAT THEY WERE
TALKING ABOUT EARLIER IN THE WAY
THAT WE GET THAT RIGHT NOW IS BY
HARMONIZING THE LANDSAT
OBSERVATIONS.
SO, THE US AND EUROPEAN UNION
WORK CLOSELY TOGETHER TO MAKE
SURE THAT THAT CAN HAPPEN AND
THEN I WILL ECHO HER.AS WELL
ABOUT THESE OBSERVATIONS, THAT
THIS IS A BASE ON WHICH WE
BUILD, I JUST LOOKED AT THE
PAPER RECENTLY ON THE
ENVIRONMENT WHERE PEOPLE HAD
COMBINED THE TWO WITH LANDSAT TO
CREATE AN A GLOBALED TREE MAP
THE HIGHEST RESOLUTION EVER
PRODUCED BEFORE WHICH IS PART OF
CARBON STOCKS WHICH ARE
CHANGING.
SO, COMBINING THOSE WITH OTHER
PARTS OF DATA WITHIN NASA AND
INTERNATIONALLY IS REALLY THE
KEY.
SO IT IS THAT COMPLEMENTARY
ACHIEVEMENT THAT WE ARE REALLY
FOCUSING ON.
>> THANK YOU.
THE NEXT QUESTION IS FOR DAVID,
THIS IS FROM ALEX OF
CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY
BUSINESS.COM.
COULD YOU PLEASE SHARE YOUR
THOUGHTS ON THE COMPLEMENTARY
ROLE OF PRE- SATELLITE
OBSERVATION DATA IN DATA WHICH
IS PROVIDED BY COMMERCIAL
OPERATORS.
>> YES, THESE NEW CAPABILITIES
IN COMMERCIAL CAPABILITIES VERY
MUCH COMPLEMENT LANDSAT.
AND WE HAVE LOTS OF GREAT
PARTNERSHIP BOTH WITH THE
PRIVATE SECTOR AS WELL AS WE
WERE JUST HEARING ABOUT OTHER
NATIONS AS WELL.
THEY HAVE THE CAPABILITY TO LOOK
ACROSS NOT JUST THE VISIBLE
SPECTRUM BUT INTO THE INFRARED
BE ABLE TO LOOK AT ISSUES LIKE
OTHER ASPECTS AND COMPLEMENT THE
PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES OF OTHER
SATELLITES IN THE CALIBRATION
AND IMPORTANCE WHICH IN AS THESE
WITH OTHERS AND IT ALLOWS US TO
HAVE THIS LONG TEMPORAL RECORD
THE COMPARABILITY WHICH IS JUST
SO IMPORTANT IN THE OTHER THINGS
SO IMPORTANT ABOUT IT IS THE
GLOBAL MAPPING MISSION WHICH IT
REPRESENTS, IT ROUTINELY
COLLECTS DATA ON THE SURFACE SO
YOU PROVIDE THE FULL PICTURE OF
CHANGES WHICH ARE HAPPENING
ACROSS THE PLANET.
IN THAT THEN ALLOWS THE OTHER
SATELLITES TO DO THAT DEEPER
DIVE AND FOCUS IN AND AGAIN,
VERY MUCH A COMPLEMENTARY ASPECT
AND I JUST WANT TO SAY, THIS IS
THE MOST WIDELY USED SATELLITE
FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IT IS
A WIDE RANGE OF USES SO HAVING
THIS, THE OPERATIONAL NATURE
THAT THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT IS
SO IMPORTANT AND HAVING THAT
LONG LONG-TERM DATA SET IN THE
ABILITY TO COMPARE ALL OF THAT
MAKES THAT A VERY VALUABLE ASSET
AND ONE THAT COMPLEMENTS WHAT
ELSE IS OUT THERE.
THIS NEXT QUESTION IS FOR YOU,
FROM JONATHAN.
WITH SO MANY PRIVATE COMPANIES
PROVIDING OPTICAL AND INFRARED
IMAGERY WITH IS THE CONTINUED
JUSTIFICATION FOR THESE AGENCIES
NOW THIS PURCHASE IS THE DATA AS
PUBLIC GOODS FROM PRIVATE
SECTORS TO DEVELOPING NOVEL
DETECTORS AND THE TYPE OF
OBSERVATION CAP WE SAW WITH
OTHERS AND WE WILL LIKELY SEE
FOLLOWING THIS.
>> THANK YOU AND AGAIN THANK YOU
FOR THE QUESTION.
AND LET ME JUST TRY TO BUILD A
LITTLE BIT ON THE ANSWER TO THE
SIMILAR QUESTION A PREVIOUS
QUESTION.
WE ARE REALLY EXCITED BY THE
CAPABILITIES WHICH WE ARE SEEING
IN THE COMMERCIAL EARTH
OBSERVATION SECTOR.
THESE OBSERVATIONS ARE PROVIDING
ADDITIONAL SCIENCE INTO THE
COMMUNITIES.
THEY DO NOT REPLICATE OR REPLACE
THE DATA WHICH WE COLLECT WITH
LANDSAT BECAUSE, THEY ARE
GENERALLY, THEY HAVE
COMPLEMENTARY STRENGTHS AND
COULD AUGMENT OUR BASE OF
UNDERSTANDING.
AS AN EXAMPLE, THEY GENERALLY,
THEY COULD OBSERVE MORE OFTEN
BUT THEY GENERALLY DO NOT
OBSERVE ALL THE WAVELENGTHS
WHICH WE NEED TO DO THE WORK
THAT WE DO.
AND THE COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS OFTEN
LIGHT ON SYSTEMS LIKE LANDSAT
FOR THEIR ABILITY SO REALLY THEY
ARE COMPLEMENTARY, THEY ALLOW US
TO DO MORE AND THEY ARE NOT A
REPLACEMENT FOR THOSE KINDS OF
OBSERVATIONS THAT WE MAKE WITH
LANDSAT.
BUT WE ARE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT
THE NEW SCIENCE QUESTIONS WE ARE
ABLE TO GO AFTER WHEN WE COMBINE
THE DATA FROM THAT SYSTEM WITH
COMMERCIAL OBSERVATIONS.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU.
THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM MARCIA
SMITH SPACE POLICY ONLINE.
THEY SUFFERED MALFUNCTIONS ONCE
IN ORBIT, WHAT WERE THE CAUSES
OF THOSE MALFUNCTIONS
WORKAROUNDS WERE FOUND TO GET
THAT DATA BUT HOW MUCH IS IT
COMPARED TO WHAT WAS EXPECTED AT
LUNCH TO DESIGN PRODUCTION AND A
SPECIALLY THEY DID NOT HAVE A
SIMILAR FATE.
>> THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION.
SHORTLY AFTER LAUNCH, WE LOOK AT
THAT AND WE REALIZE THAT THEY
WERE GETTING INTO THEM, THIS IS
WHEN YOU LOOK IN THIS DIRECTION
WHEN YOU GET IT IN FROM THE
OFFICE, SO WE UNDERSTAND THE IT
IS HERE.
YOU MAY SEE THAT THEY HAVE
IMPLEMENTED THIS TO REMOVE MUCH
OF IT AND IMPROVE WITH THE
ACCURACY.
SO THAT HELPS TO MINIMIZE THE
IMPACT OF VOLUNTEERS.
NOW, WE FIX THAT UNDERLYING
PROBLEM OF AT THE TELESCOPE
LEVEL.
SO WE ARE CONFIDENT.
ANOTHER THING IT IS A YEAR AND A
HALF OR MORE WHERE WE START TO
SEE SOME CURRENT RISKS THEY HAVE
A MIRROR EITHER TOWARDS THE
EARTH OR OTHER CALIBRATIONS.
AND IT TELLS THAT THERE ARE
CURRENT DRIFTS AND SO AFTER
SEVERAL MONTHS OF INVESTIGATIONS
WE REALIZE THAT THERE WERE SOME
IN SO, THIS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED
WITH THE GURGITATION SO NOW,
THEY HAVE TURNED IN ALL TO
MINIMIZE THEM AND SO AS A
RESULT, THERE IS NO INDICATION
THAT IT WILL SHORTEN THE LIFE OF
THAT INSTRUMENT.
IN WE HAVE SELECTED A DIFFERENT
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT IT
AFFECTED WHAT IS COLLECTED.
THEY STILL REQUIRE GLOBAL DATA
EVERY 60 DAYS.
>> THANK YOU.
THE NEXT QUESTION IS ON
AGRICULTURE AS SUBMITTED IN
VARIOUS FORMS HOW COULD A FARMER
USE NASA DATA ANALYSIS OR
UNDERSTAND IT AND WHAT KIND OF
DATA DO WE NEED TO LOOK ON, WHAT
TOOL OR CASES DO YOU SEE
BENEFITING THE MOST FROM THE
UPCOMING LAUNCH.
>> IN FACT FARMERS CAN AND ARE
USING THIS DATA IN COMBINATION
WITH OTHERS IN MANY DIFFERENT
WAYS.
IN ONE WAY IS DILATING THE FIELD
THEY KNOW THEIR FIELDS VERY WELL
BUT THEY MAY HAVE A LOT OF
FIELDS AND AS WE KNOW
AGRICULTURE AND CROPS DEVELOP
AND CHANGE VERY RAPIDLY AND SO
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IT
PROVIDES IS THE FEED FROM ABOVE.
SO FARMER COULD SEE ALL OF HIS
FIELDS CONTINUOUSLY FROM SPACE
AND THAT ENABLES HIM TO MANAGE
THEIR FIELDS.
SO ONE IS PROVIDING INFORMATION
NOT ONLY WERE WE COULD SEE, BUT
WHAT THIS DOES IS FOR EXAMPLE IF
THEY HAVE A HOTSPOT IN AN AREA
THEY MAY NOT SEE THAT FROM THE
ROAD OR IT MAY TAKE TWO DAYS
UNTIL THEY REACH THAT SO THAT
GIVES AN ALERT TO A FARMER TO
THEM BE ABLE TO ADDRESS JUST
THAT ONE SPECIFIC AREA IN THEIR
FIELD BEFORE THAT SPREADS OUT TO
THEIR ENTIRE FIELD.
OF COURSE, SATELLITE DATA IS
ALSO VERY HELPFUL IN MANAGING
DIFFERENT PRACTICES LIKE WHEN TO
HARVEST AND PLANT IN FERTILIZE.
AND IN ADDITION FARMERS HAVE
BEEN USING AND IMPROVING THEIR
CAPABILITY TO ASSESS DAMAGE
AFTER A STORM AND AS WE KNOW AND
AS WE COME INTO MORE WEATHER
EVENTS THIS IS A CRITICAL USE OF
THE SATELLITE DATA TO ASSESS
VERY RAPIDLY WITH THE IMPACT FOR
EXAMPLE HAS BEEN.
IN ADDITION, SATELLITE DATA IS
CONTINUING TO BE USED NOT ONLY
TO ASSESS OVERALL CROP
CONDITIONS BUT ALSO TO ESTIMATE
AND FORECAST CROP YIELDS, HOW
MUCH PRODUCTION WILL BE AT THE
END OF THE SEASON.
AND ALSO TO LOOK AT LONG-TERM
TRENDS.
HOW DOES THE FIELD LOOK THIS
YEAR AND ARE THERE PARTICULAR
HOTSPOTS COMING THROUGH AND HOW
DOES THIS COMPARE TO LAST YEAR
WHERE I KNOW THAT I HAVE A
PARTICULAR IMPACT FROM A TRUCK.
THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT WAYS
AND WE ARE SEEING HOW DATA IS
BEING UTILIZED DIRECTLY TO HELP
TO INFORM THE MANAGEMENT
DECISIONS AND ALSO LOOKING AT
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE PATTERNS IN
THE IMPACT OF THOSE PRODUCTIVITY
AS WELL.
SO THEY REALLY ARE CREATING THIS
EVIDENCE WHEN FARMERS DO ADOPT
THESE DIFFERENT AREAS OF NO TILL
AND IN TERMS OF THIS PART OF THE
QUESTION WHAT TOOLS ARE USED,
WHAT DO I SEE MOST BENEFITING,
AGAIN, I THINK WE HAVE A LARGE
HOSE IS IN THE TEMPORAL DOMAIN
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IS
DEVELOPED VERY RAPIDLY AND HAVE
HELPING THEM LOOK ESPECIALLY
WHEN YOU THINK OF LANDSAT, THAT
WILL AFFORD US ALMOST DAILY
VIEWS OF EVERY OR ALMOST EVERY
FIELD ACROSS THE WORLD AND THAT
IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR US TO
PROPERLY MONITOR WHETHER IT IS A
CHRONIC CONDITION OR A GUILD OR
WHERE ALL THAT CORN AND BEING
ARE BEING GROWN SO THAT IS
IMPORTANT FOR A WHOLE HOST OF
APPLICATIONS WHETHER IT IS
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS THAT IS
A LOT OF DECISIONS TO DAMAGE
ASSESSMENTS TO EARLY WARNING, WE
ARE SEEING A LOT MORE UPTAKE OF
DATA WITH INSURANCE AND MAKING
THEM MORE EFFECTIVE AND
EFFICIENT WHICH ULTIMATELY MEANS
THAT THERE IS MORE INSURANCE
ASSESSABLE IN AVAILABLE TO
FARMERS.
BUT OF COURSE, ALSO WE THINK
ABOUT THE CONTINUITY THAT
LANDSAT NINE IS GOING TO AFFORD
IN AND THE LONG-TERM LOOKING AND
UNDERSTANDING LAND-USE CHANGE
AND EXPANSION.
WE KNOW THAT IT HAS RAPIDLY
CHANGED ALREADY AND SO BEING
ABLE TO CONTINUE TO MONITOR
THROUGH OUR AGRICULTURAL LANDS
KEEPING IN MIND THAT WE WILL
PRODUCE A LOT MORE FOOD WITH A
LOT LESS.
SO THAT IS A CRITICAL VIEW IN
TERMS OF HOW TO MONITOR OUR
AGRICULTURAL LANDS.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU, IT LOOKS LIKE
WE'RE COMING UP ON OUR LAST
QUESTION, THIS WAS SUBMITTED NOT
TO LONG AGO FROM A TWITTER USER
WHAT IS THE LAUNCH WINDOW, THE
QUESTION IS BEST FOR DELL.
>> THE LAUNCH WINDOW IS, SINCE
WE HAVE REMOVED THIS WE DO NOT
HAVE A SPECIFIC MOMENT BUT IT IS
USUALLY ABOUT 11 A.M. AND WE
HAVE A 30 MINUTE LAUNCH WINDOW.
SO THE EXACT TIME OF THAT WINDOW
MAY CHANGE A LITTLE BIT.
>> THANK YOU AND THANK YOU AGAIN
TO ALL OF OUR PANELISTS.
THANK YOU, EVERYONE FOR JOINING
US TODAY.
THAT CONCLUDES OUR BRIEFING.
A RE-CREATE OF THIS BROADCAST
WILL BE AVAILABLE ON OUR YOUTUBE
CHANNEL AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE
VISIT OUR WEBSITE.
THANK YOU.
438 MILES ABOVE EARTH'S SURFACE
THIS WILL COLLECT DATA SO
DETAILED IT COULD DETECT NATURAL
AND HUMAN CAUSED CHANGES TO THE
LANDSCAPE.
WHAT REALLY MAKES IT UNIQUE IS
THE HALF-CENTURY OF DATA AND
UNBROKEN CHAIN OF OBSERVATIONS
OVER DECADES.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT HOW IT GOT
HERE.
1966, THEY PROPOSE A SATELLITE
SYSTEM OF THE LAND MASSES, WHAT
WITH THAT LOOK LIKE OVER THE
NEXT FEW YEARS, USGS AND NASA
HAVE RESEARCHED THEIR
OBSERVATIONS.
THEY GET THE GREEN LIGHT TO
BUILD A TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE AND
EXPERIMENT TO MONITOR OUR LAND
FROM SPACE.
LAUNCHED IN 72, THIS WAS THE
FIRST DIGITAL DATA OF EARTH
REPEATED AT REGULAR INTERVALS
WITH COMPARISON BETWEEN
OBSERVATIONS.
THIS CHANGE HOW WE DREW MAPS
THROUGH PRODUCTION AND DAMAGE
AFTER DISASTERS.
IN 1975 NASA LAUNCHED A SECOND
SATELLITE SIMILAR TO THE FIRST.
THEY REPLACED THE AGING ORIGINAL
IN THE SHIFTED TO TECHNOLOGY
CHANT CHANGE OF THE 80S.
IT WAS LAUNCH AND 82 AND ON FIVE
IN 84 IT WAS A MAJOR STEP
FORWARD COLLECTING SEVEN
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS AND WITH
HIGHER PRECISION THIS WAS THE
BEATING HEART OF THE SATELLITE
AND IS THE WORK COURSE FOR
GENERATIONAL SCIENCES.
FOR THE FIRST TIME, IT HAS THREE
VISIBLE BILLIONS OF RED, GREEN
AND BLUE ALLOWING NATURAL COLOR.
WITH THE ADDITION OF THE
WAVELENGTH, IT BETTER HIGHLIGHTS
MINERAL DEPOSITS AND SCARS FROM
WILDFIRES.
THE BANDS WERE ALSO UPGRADED
ALLOWING FIELDS TO BE TRACKED.
THE SIX WAS INTENDED TO BE
ANOTHER BIG STEP FORWARD BUT IT
NEVER REACHED ORBIT AFTER
LAUNCH.
PLANS IMMEDIATELY BEGIN WHICH
WOULD CARRY EVEN MORE.
AT THE TIME, THIS WAS THE MOST
STABLE OBSERVATION SYSTEM AND
THE CALIBER WILL BE UPDATED
WHILE IN SPACE.
FOR THE FIRST TIME, WE HAD
ENOUGH DATA COLLECTED AND WE HAD
A PLAN TO THOROUGHLY RECORD THE
ENTIRE PART.
LANDSAT SEVEN MAP CORAL REEFS
AND PRODUCE THE FIRST
HIGH-RESOLUTION COLOR MAP OF
THEM IMPROVEMENTS TO THE BAND
ALLOWED STATES AND COUNTIES TO
GAUGE HOW MUCH WATER WAS USED BY
CROPS HELPING THEM TO MANAGE
WATER RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY.
AN IMPORTANT MILESTONE OCCURRED
IN 2008 WHEN THEY MADE THAT DATA
AVAILABLE TO DOWNLOAD FOR FREE.
THE USERS WERE ABLE TO GET THE
DATA THAT THEY NEEDED AND NOT
JUST WHAT THEY COULD AFFORD.
IT REALLY UNLOCKS A TON OF
INNOVATION IT WAS $2 MILLION A
YEAR IN BENEFITS.
THE MODERN ERA OF LANDSAT BEGIN
WITH 2018 ADDING A SENSOR WAS A
BIG IMPROVEMENT OVER THE OLDER
SENSOR.
THEY RECEIVED A LOT MORE DATA
THAN BEFORE DOWNLOADING OVER 725
EACH DAY.
THAT WAS NOT POSSIBLE UNTIL
EIGHT.
OTHERS WERE DESIGNED TO MEASURE
WITH THEM SO THAT THEY COULD
TREAT DATA FROM ALL OF THEM AS
IF IT CAME FROM ONE SINGLE
SOURCE.
NOW WE GET OBSERVATIONS EVERY
TWO OR THREE DAYS RATHER THAN
EVERY TWO WEEKS.
2021 IS THE LAUNCH OF NINE, THE
NEXT STEP FORWARD.
IT WILL COLLECT THE BEST DATA
EVERY RECORDED BY A SATELLITE.
WHILE INTEGRATING SEAMLESSLY
WITH ARCHIVES.
SINCE THE EARLY 1970S, THE
SETTLERS HAVE ALLOWED US TO
BETTER MANAGE OUR RESOURCES.
THE DATA HAS ENABLED COUNTLESS
AMOUNTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
AS A SATELLITE FLIES OVER THE
INSTRUMENTS ABOARD THE SATELLITE
ARE ABLE TO VIEW A SWATH OF
185 KILOMETERS WIDE AND COLLECT
IMAGES ALONG THAT AS THE
SATELLITE PROCEEDS THROUGH ITS
ORBIT.
THE SPACE CRAFT TRAVELS AT
4.7 MILES PER SECOND.
THE SATELLITE TRAVELS FROM NORTH
TO SOUTH WHILE IT IS OVER THIS
PORTION OF THE EARTH AND THEN
TRAVELS OVER THE DARK SIDE OF
THE EARTH.
ONE ORBIT TAKES ABOUT 99 MINUTES
SO THAT IS APPROXIMATELY 15
ORBIT.
THE ORBIT MAINTAINS SUCH THAT
AFTER 16 DAYS, THE ENTIRE
SURFACE COMES WITHIN VIEW OF THE
LANDSAT INSTRUMENTS AND THEN ON
DAY 17, THE FIRST GRAND PATH IS
REPEATED SO WE GET TO VIEW THE
ENTIRE SURFACE ONCE EVERY 16
DAYS.
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