1 00:01:15,425 --> 00:01:17,811 HELLO AND WELCOME TO ANOTHER 2 00:01:17,811 --> 00:01:19,763 VIRTUAL EPISODE OF NASA SCIENCE 3 00:01:19,763 --> 00:01:21,981 I'M YOUR HOST LAUREN WARD. 4 00:01:21,981 --> 00:01:24,067 AND TODAY WE HAVE SOME VERY 5 00:01:24,067 --> 00:01:25,802 EXCITING NEWS FOR YOU. 6 00:01:25,802 --> 00:01:27,537 SCIENTIST HAVE CREATE THICK 7 00:01:27,537 --> 00:01:29,272 VASCULARIZED HUMAN ORGAN TISSUE 8 00:01:29,272 --> 00:01:30,940 IN A LAB. 9 00:01:30,940 --> 00:01:32,592 THESE ARE THE FIRST 10 00:01:32,592 --> 00:01:33,843 REVOLUTIONARY STEPS 11 00:01:33,843 --> 00:01:35,228 3D PRINTING FUNCTIONAL 12 00:01:35,228 --> 00:01:36,529 HUMAN ORGANS. 13 00:01:36,529 --> 00:01:37,680 SO YOU MAY BE THINKING 14 00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:39,015 WHAT DOES NASA HAVE TO DO 15 00:01:39,015 --> 00:01:40,817 WITH THIS AND WHY 16 00:01:40,817 --> 00:01:43,019 IS THIS SUCH A BIG DEAL. 17 00:01:43,019 --> 00:01:44,187 STAY TUNED. 18 00:01:44,187 --> 00:01:45,672 YOU WILL FIND OUT ABOUT THIS AND 19 00:01:45,672 --> 00:01:47,957 MORE. 20 00:01:47,957 --> 00:01:49,292 >> ENORMOUS IMPACT ON HUMAN 21 00:01:49,292 --> 00:01:49,993 KIND. 22 00:01:49,993 --> 00:01:51,594 >> IT WILL CHANGE THE FACE 23 00:01:51,594 --> 00:01:54,414 OF MEDICINE. 24 00:01:54,414 --> 00:01:57,884 THIS IS A CHALLENGE. 25 00:01:57,884 --> 00:02:03,239 >> THE CHALLENGE IS GIVEN TO 26 00:02:03,239 --> 00:02:04,774 THE FIRST THREE TEAMS THAT 27 00:02:04,774 --> 00:02:07,544 CREATE VASCULARIZED TISSUE, 28 00:02:07,544 --> 00:02:09,646 TISSUE WITH A BONE BLOOD VESSEL 29 00:02:09,646 --> 00:02:12,315 SO WE COULD ACTUALLY GROW 30 00:02:12,315 --> 00:02:17,954 COMPLEX ISSUES REQUIRED FOR FULL 31 00:02:17,954 --> 00:02:20,023 ORGAN DEVELOPMENT. 32 00:02:20,023 --> 00:02:24,160 PEOPLE CAN MAKE VEINS AND OTHERS 33 00:02:24,160 --> 00:02:25,795 BUT CAN'T PUT IT TOGETHER. 34 00:02:25,795 --> 00:02:27,897 >> WE NEED TO GET WASTE 35 00:02:27,897 --> 00:02:28,965 PRODUCT OUT. 36 00:02:28,965 --> 00:02:31,034 >> THE CHALLENGE IS REALLY A 37 00:02:31,034 --> 00:02:33,536 UNIQUE WAY OF HASSLING CERTAIN 38 00:02:33,536 --> 00:02:34,037 PROBLEMS. 39 00:02:34,037 --> 00:02:36,806 THIS IS TO REVOLUTIONIZE 40 00:02:36,806 --> 00:02:38,241 TRANSPLANTING AND TISSUE 41 00:02:38,241 --> 00:02:39,175 REGENERATION. 42 00:02:39,175 --> 00:02:41,044 WE COULD MAKE A DIFFERENCE BOTH 43 00:02:41,044 --> 00:02:46,349 ON EARTH AND IN SPACE. 44 00:02:46,349 --> 00:02:47,884 TEAMS HAVE BEEN COMPETING FOR 45 00:02:47,884 --> 00:02:51,054 YEARS TO BE THE FIRST TO 46 00:02:51,054 --> 00:02:53,389 ENGINEER FUNCTIONAL HUMAN 47 00:02:53,389 --> 00:02:54,324 TISSUE. 48 00:02:54,324 --> 00:02:57,827 TONIGHT IS THE VASCULAR TISSUE 49 00:02:57,827 --> 00:02:58,261 CHALLENGE. 50 00:02:58,261 --> 00:03:04,868 HERE IS MATTHEW. 51 00:03:04,868 --> 00:03:06,603 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 52 00:03:06,603 --> 00:03:07,470 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME 53 00:03:07,470 --> 00:03:07,837 TODAY. 54 00:03:07,837 --> 00:03:10,206 I'M SO EXCITED TO TALK ABOUT THE 55 00:03:10,206 --> 00:03:16,713 WINNER AND WHAT WE'RE DOING. 56 00:03:16,713 --> 00:03:19,449 OKAY, BASICS, WHAT IS THE TISSUE 57 00:03:19,449 --> 00:03:22,252 CHALLENGE ALL ABOUT. 58 00:03:22,252 --> 00:03:25,822 >> VASCULAR TISSUE CHALLENGE 59 00:03:25,822 --> 00:03:28,791 TO HELP DEVELOP THICK FUNCTIONAL 60 00:03:28,791 --> 00:03:30,593 ISSUE FROM MAJOR HORGANS THAT 61 00:03:30,593 --> 00:03:32,795 COULD ONE DAY PERHAPS HELP US 62 00:03:32,795 --> 00:03:34,998 ACHIEVE LONG DURATION MISSIONS 63 00:03:34,998 --> 00:03:40,336 AND KEEP PEOPLE HEALTHY AND HAVE 64 00:03:40,336 --> 00:03:41,871 AMAZING APPLICATIONS. 65 00:03:41,871 --> 00:03:43,806 >> THAT SOUNDS GREAT TO ME. 66 00:03:43,806 --> 00:03:46,409 WHY IS NASA INTERESTED IN THIS 67 00:03:46,409 --> 00:03:47,310 REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGY. 68 00:03:47,310 --> 00:03:49,379 YOU TOUCHED ON IT A BIT, BUT 69 00:03:49,379 --> 00:03:51,114 LET'S GO DEEPER. 70 00:03:51,114 --> 00:03:53,483 >> NASA IS SUPER INTERESTED 71 00:03:53,483 --> 00:03:54,584 IN THIS. 72 00:03:54,584 --> 00:03:56,653 THE FIRST ONE, SHORT-TERM WOULD 73 00:03:56,653 --> 00:04:01,357 BE THE POSSIBILITY OF HEALTH, 74 00:04:01,357 --> 00:04:03,927 INCENTIVIZE THE INTERNATIONAL 75 00:04:03,927 --> 00:04:05,662 SPACE STATION TO ALLOW COMPANIES 76 00:04:05,662 --> 00:04:08,598 TO CREATE TISSUES FOR HUMANS ON 77 00:04:08,598 --> 00:04:10,566 EARTH THAT NEED HELP WITH THEIR 78 00:04:10,566 --> 00:04:12,035 ORGANS THAT PAY NOT BE 79 00:04:12,035 --> 00:04:20,443 FUNCTIONING 100 PERCENT. 80 00:04:20,443 --> 00:04:25,748 WE LOOK AT THESE TECHNOLOGY ON 81 00:04:25,748 --> 00:04:27,283 HUMAN BODIES. 82 00:04:27,283 --> 00:04:28,251 LONG-TERM AFTER THAT, POSSIBLY 83 00:04:28,251 --> 00:04:29,953 TO HELP US MAINTAIN THE HEALTH 84 00:04:29,953 --> 00:04:32,021 OF THE CREW WHEN WE GO TO MARS 85 00:04:32,021 --> 00:04:38,861 AND BEYOND. 86 00:04:38,861 --> 00:04:40,430 >> THAT'S AMAZING. 87 00:04:40,430 --> 00:04:46,235 THIS IS ONE COMPETITION AT NASA. 88 00:04:46,235 --> 00:04:48,004 >> WHY CHALLENGES? 89 00:04:48,004 --> 00:04:51,207 >> IT IS A WAY TO INCLUDE THE 90 00:04:51,207 --> 00:04:52,475 PUBLIC IN THE MISSIONS AND 91 00:04:52,475 --> 00:04:56,713 PEOPLE THAT NEVER THOUGHT ABOUT 92 00:04:56,713 --> 00:04:58,414 COMPETING AND TO BE A PART OF 93 00:04:58,414 --> 00:04:59,649 THE GROUP TO BE A PART OF THE 94 00:04:59,649 --> 00:05:02,952 GROUP. 95 00:05:02,952 --> 00:05:04,854 WE HAD INCREDIBLE SUCCESS FOR 96 00:05:04,854 --> 00:05:07,357 THOSE THAT NEVER DREAM ABOUT 97 00:05:07,357 --> 00:05:08,825 CONTRIBUTING TO THE MISSION. 98 00:05:08,825 --> 00:05:10,259 CHALLENGES ARE A WAY TO DO THAT. 99 00:05:10,259 --> 00:05:12,562 IT IS A WAY FOR US TO TELL YOU 100 00:05:12,562 --> 00:05:14,130 OUR PROBLEMS AND ISSUES AND TECH 101 00:05:14,130 --> 00:05:15,565 FOLLOWING GAPS AND FOR THE 102 00:05:15,565 --> 00:05:18,801 PUBLIC TO COME BACK AND TELL US 103 00:05:18,801 --> 00:05:23,840 AMAZING THINGS THEIR 104 00:05:23,840 --> 00:05:25,208 TECHNOLOGIES CAN HELP US. 105 00:05:25,208 --> 00:05:26,743 >> THAT'S INCREDIBLE STUFF. 106 00:05:26,743 --> 00:05:36,719 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY. 107 00:05:36,719 --> 00:05:38,054 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING US. 108 00:05:38,054 --> 00:05:39,655 >> THIS WILL HAVE HUGE 109 00:05:39,655 --> 00:05:42,258 IMPACT ON NASA'S LONG-TERM GOALS 110 00:05:42,258 --> 00:05:44,293 AND IMPACT ON THOSE OF US HERE 111 00:05:44,293 --> 00:05:46,129 ON EARTH. 112 00:05:46,129 --> 00:05:47,730 >> THE TISSUE CHALLENGE 113 00:05:47,730 --> 00:05:49,999 WANTS TO MAKE TISSUE. 114 00:05:49,999 --> 00:05:52,969 >> VASCULARIZED TISSUE HAS A 115 00:05:52,969 --> 00:05:55,438 CERTAIN KIND OF TISSUE, IT HAS 116 00:05:55,438 --> 00:05:57,540 MORE THAN ONE CELL IN IT. 117 00:05:57,540 --> 00:06:02,178 >> THE ORGAN TISSUE. 118 00:06:02,178 --> 00:06:03,746 TISSUE ENGINEERING PRODUCTS. 119 00:06:03,746 --> 00:06:05,948 >> WE'RE MAKING SOME 120 00:06:05,948 --> 00:06:06,449 PROGRESS. 121 00:06:06,449 --> 00:06:07,784 WE'RE BEGINNING TO UNDERSTAND 122 00:06:07,784 --> 00:06:10,420 THE SIGNALS THAT ARE NECESSARY 123 00:06:10,420 --> 00:06:13,022 TO SWITCH ON CELLS FOR BROOD 124 00:06:13,022 --> 00:06:19,395 VESSELS. 125 00:06:19,395 --> 00:06:21,898 IN ORDER TO GROW WHOLE ORGANS, 126 00:06:21,898 --> 00:06:25,101 IT IS ESSENTIAL WE CREATE 127 00:06:25,101 --> 00:06:28,604 TECHNOLOGY. 128 00:06:28,604 --> 00:06:30,106 >> VASCULAR TISSUE CHALLENGE 129 00:06:30,106 --> 00:06:41,484 IS HELP TO ADDRESS. 130 00:06:41,484 --> 00:06:43,386 THIS IS DEFINITELY POSSIBLE. 131 00:06:43,386 --> 00:06:49,692 FOR THE IMPACT, WE'RE JOINED BY 132 00:06:49,692 --> 00:06:53,162 DOCTOR AND RESEARCH SCIENTIST. 133 00:06:53,162 --> 00:06:55,798 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY. 134 00:06:55,798 --> 00:06:56,966 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. 135 00:06:56,966 --> 00:06:58,501 ONE THING WE SHOULD CLEAR UP 136 00:06:58,501 --> 00:07:00,670 HERE, CAN YOU EXPLAIN EXACTLY 137 00:07:00,670 --> 00:07:11,414 WHAT VASCULARIZED TISSUE IS? 138 00:07:11,414 --> 00:07:13,316 >> IT IS TISSUES WITH BLOOD 139 00:07:13,316 --> 00:07:13,783 VESSELS. 140 00:07:13,783 --> 00:07:15,952 ALL TISSUES IN OUR BODY ARE 141 00:07:15,952 --> 00:07:17,854 COMPRISED OF MANY BLOOD VESSELS. 142 00:07:17,854 --> 00:07:19,555 IF WE WANT TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 143 00:07:19,555 --> 00:07:27,330 HOW THE BODY IS FUNCTIONING, WE 144 00:07:27,330 --> 00:07:28,931 WANT TISSUES OW SIDE THE BODY 145 00:07:28,931 --> 00:07:31,467 THAT ALSO CONTAIN ENGINEERED 146 00:07:31,467 --> 00:07:32,502 BLOOD VESSELS. 147 00:07:32,502 --> 00:07:37,507 >> OKAY. 148 00:07:37,507 --> 00:07:38,841 IT IS A BUILDING BLOCK TO DO 149 00:07:38,841 --> 00:07:41,611 PORE RESEARCH ON IT TOPIC. 150 00:07:41,611 --> 00:07:43,679 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THAT WE 151 00:07:43,679 --> 00:07:44,814 ENGINEER THE TISSUE. 152 00:07:44,814 --> 00:07:47,583 WHAT MAKES IT SUCH A DIFFICULT 153 00:07:47,583 --> 00:07:53,156 CHALLENGE TO SOLVE? 154 00:07:53,156 --> 00:07:56,459 >> IT ENABLES TISSUE IF GENERAL 155 00:07:56,459 --> 00:07:58,694 TO GET BIGGER AND BETTER AND 156 00:07:58,694 --> 00:08:02,532 THEY SUPPLY WHAT ALL TISSUES 157 00:08:02,532 --> 00:08:04,233 NEED TO GROW AND FUNCTION 158 00:08:04,233 --> 00:08:04,634 APPROPRIATELY. 159 00:08:04,634 --> 00:08:06,135 IF WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE 160 00:08:06,135 --> 00:08:08,271 HUMAN BODY IS FUNCTIONING, WE 161 00:08:08,271 --> 00:08:10,606 WANT TO ENGINEER TRUE 162 00:08:10,606 --> 00:08:13,576 VASCULARIZED TISSUES OUTSIDE OF 163 00:08:13,576 --> 00:08:17,480 THE BODY. 164 00:08:17,480 --> 00:08:19,782 THESE TISSUES SHOULD HAVE BLOOD 165 00:08:19,782 --> 00:08:21,584 VESSELS FOUND IN THE HUMAN BODY. 166 00:08:21,584 --> 00:08:23,786 IT IS NOT AN EASY THING TO DO, 167 00:08:23,786 --> 00:08:25,688 BECAUSE AS A LOT OF US KNOW, THE 168 00:08:25,688 --> 00:08:27,490 HUMAN BODY HAS HUNDREDS OF 169 00:08:27,490 --> 00:08:29,025 THOUSANDS OF DIFFERENT 170 00:08:29,025 --> 00:08:31,027 CAPILLARIES, BLOOD VESSELS, 171 00:08:31,027 --> 00:08:36,666 ARTERIES, ALL DIFFERENT TYPES OF 172 00:08:36,666 --> 00:08:40,002 VESSELS SUPPLYING NUTRIENTS TO 173 00:08:40,002 --> 00:08:40,903 THE BODY. 174 00:08:40,903 --> 00:08:43,139 A LOT OF TIMES NATURE IS THE 175 00:08:43,139 --> 00:08:43,873 BEST ENERGY. 176 00:08:43,873 --> 00:08:45,308 WE'RE TRYING TO SEE WHAT THEY 177 00:08:45,308 --> 00:08:55,885 COULD DO. 178 00:08:55,885 --> 00:08:57,119 >> HOW WILL THIS CHANGE 179 00:08:57,119 --> 00:08:59,188 PERIOD SIN AS WE KNOW IT? 180 00:08:59,188 --> 00:09:01,891 >> IT WILL CHANGE IN TWO WAYS. 181 00:09:01,891 --> 00:09:05,561 TO USE VASCULARIZED TISSUES WILL 182 00:09:05,561 --> 00:09:06,996 ALLOW US TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 183 00:09:06,996 --> 00:09:08,664 HOW THE VARIETY OF THE DIFFERENT 184 00:09:08,664 --> 00:09:10,032 TISSUES IN THE HUMAN BODY 185 00:09:10,032 --> 00:09:14,203 FUNCTION. 186 00:09:14,203 --> 00:09:17,306 ALL TISSUES HAVE BROOD VESSELS. 187 00:09:17,306 --> 00:09:18,774 IT DOESN'T MATTER WHAT YOU'RE 188 00:09:18,774 --> 00:09:21,477 INTERESTED IN STUDYING, 189 00:09:21,477 --> 00:09:24,280 CARDIOVASCULAR OR BRAIN DISEASE, 190 00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:29,385 THEY'RE ALL INTERSECTED WITH THE 191 00:09:29,385 --> 00:09:31,220 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 192 00:09:31,220 --> 00:09:35,524 IF WE CAN ENGINEER BETTER 193 00:09:35,524 --> 00:09:39,028 VASCULARIZED TISSUES WE CAN DO 194 00:09:39,028 --> 00:09:39,462 BETTER. 195 00:09:39,462 --> 00:09:41,163 THE SECOND REASON IS DOWN THE 196 00:09:41,163 --> 00:09:44,500 ROAD WE WANT TO POTENTIALLY USE 197 00:09:44,500 --> 00:09:47,436 THIS TISSUE FOR THERAPEUTIC 198 00:09:47,436 --> 00:09:52,475 PURPOSES. 199 00:09:52,475 --> 00:09:54,644 AFTER FOLKS HAVE A HEART ATTACK, 200 00:09:54,644 --> 00:09:58,014 A LOT OF CELLS ARE LOST. 201 00:09:58,014 --> 00:09:59,782 IDEALLY YOU WANT TO REPLACE 202 00:09:59,782 --> 00:10:01,517 THOSE LOST CELLS WITH AN 203 00:10:01,517 --> 00:10:04,287 ADEQUATE CELL TYPE THAT WE WILL 204 00:10:04,287 --> 00:10:06,622 PLACE THE FUNCTION OF THE DEAD 205 00:10:06,622 --> 00:10:07,857 CELLS. 206 00:10:07,857 --> 00:10:11,227 VASCULARIZED TISSUE CAN PROVIDE 207 00:10:11,227 --> 00:10:12,762 AWAY TO RESTORE THE FUNCTION OF 208 00:10:12,762 --> 00:10:15,531 THE HEART. 209 00:10:15,531 --> 00:10:19,835 THAT'S TWO FUNCTIONS FOR THIS 210 00:10:19,835 --> 00:10:20,536 TECHNOLOGY. 211 00:10:20,536 --> 00:10:25,941 >> IT SOUNDS PRETTY GOOD. 212 00:10:25,941 --> 00:10:27,476 BUT WHY SHOULD THE AVERAGE 213 00:10:27,476 --> 00:10:30,212 PERSON CARE ABOUT THIS? 214 00:10:30,212 --> 00:10:31,681 >> VASCULARIZED TISSUE IS 215 00:10:31,681 --> 00:10:33,015 SOMETHING WE ALL HAVE. 216 00:10:33,015 --> 00:10:34,550 UNFORTUNATELY WE KNOW FOLKS IN 217 00:10:34,550 --> 00:10:36,719 OUR FAMILIES WHO HAVE HAD TO 218 00:10:36,719 --> 00:10:43,459 DEAL WITH DISEASES. 219 00:10:43,459 --> 00:10:51,300 IF WE CAN HAVE MODELS OF THESE, 220 00:10:51,300 --> 00:10:53,836 WE COULD IMPROVE THERAPIES FOR 221 00:10:53,836 --> 00:10:56,839 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND EVEN 222 00:10:56,839 --> 00:10:57,673 LIVER FUNCTION. 223 00:10:57,673 --> 00:11:00,743 THIS IS GREAT FOR VASCULARIZED 224 00:11:00,743 --> 00:11:01,210 TISSUE. 225 00:11:01,210 --> 00:11:03,546 THE SKY IS THE LIMIT FOR THE 226 00:11:03,546 --> 00:11:04,947 TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY. 227 00:11:04,947 --> 00:11:06,549 >> THAT'S A FUTURE I WANT TO 228 00:11:06,549 --> 00:11:08,651 BE PART OF. 229 00:11:08,651 --> 00:11:11,887 I WANT TO KNOW HOW YOU GOT IN IN 230 00:11:11,887 --> 00:11:12,988 CHALLENGE. 231 00:11:12,988 --> 00:11:14,957 WERE YOU SURPRISED TO LEARN THAT 232 00:11:14,957 --> 00:11:16,792 NASA WAS EVEN DOING THIS 233 00:11:16,792 --> 00:11:24,166 CHALLENGE? 234 00:11:24,166 --> 00:11:25,901 I'VE BEEN INTERESTED IN THIS FOR 235 00:11:25,901 --> 00:11:27,069 A LONG TIME. 236 00:11:27,069 --> 00:11:31,674 I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO SEND AN 237 00:11:31,674 --> 00:11:34,176 EXPERIMENT STUDYING THE IMPACT 238 00:11:34,176 --> 00:11:39,982 OF MICRO GRAVITY ON THE HEART. 239 00:11:39,982 --> 00:11:44,587 YOU CAN SEE THEM IN A DISH THAT 240 00:11:44,587 --> 00:11:45,921 DOESN'T HAPPEN EVERY DAY. 241 00:11:45,921 --> 00:11:47,223 THE ASTRONAUT WE WERE WORKING 242 00:11:47,223 --> 00:11:50,593 WITH ON THAT PROJECT IS KATE 243 00:11:50,593 --> 00:11:51,293 RUBENS. 244 00:11:51,293 --> 00:11:54,196 SHE'S A CELL BIOLOGIST AND I 245 00:11:54,196 --> 00:11:55,965 BELIEVE WE'LL TALK TO HER IN A 246 00:11:55,965 --> 00:11:56,766 FEW MOMENTS. 247 00:11:56,766 --> 00:11:59,135 WE COLLABORATED IN SUMMER OF 248 00:11:59,135 --> 00:12:03,706 2016 TO SEND THESE TO THE SPACE 249 00:12:03,706 --> 00:12:06,409 STATION AND WE STUDIED HOW THE 250 00:12:06,409 --> 00:12:07,810 HEART AND THE CELLS CAN CHANGE 251 00:12:07,810 --> 00:12:10,246 DURING LONG-TERM DISCOVERY LOW 252 00:12:10,246 --> 00:12:15,151 GRAVITY. 253 00:12:15,151 --> 00:12:16,685 THIS WAS EXCITING EXPERIMENT BUT 254 00:12:16,685 --> 00:12:19,121 WE'RE ALWAYS TRYING TO FIGURE 255 00:12:19,121 --> 00:12:21,023 OUT NEW WAYS TO IMPROVE THE 256 00:12:21,023 --> 00:12:21,557 RESULTS. 257 00:12:21,557 --> 00:12:23,259 ONE THING THAT WAS REALLY 258 00:12:23,259 --> 00:12:24,727 SNIFFING THIS EXPERIMENT THAT I 259 00:12:24,727 --> 00:12:28,130 DID, BACK IN THE DAY, WAS A 260 00:12:28,130 --> 00:12:32,034 VASCULARIZED NETWORK OF TISSUES. 261 00:12:32,034 --> 00:12:33,302 VASCULAR TISSUE. 262 00:12:33,302 --> 00:12:35,237 ISOLATED CELLS IN A DISH BUT AS 263 00:12:35,237 --> 00:12:37,239 I MENTIONED THE REAL HUMAN BODY 264 00:12:37,239 --> 00:12:40,109 IS COMPRISED OF MANY MANY BLOOD 265 00:12:40,109 --> 00:12:42,711 VESSELS AND IF WE WANT TO BETTER 266 00:12:42,711 --> 00:12:44,280 UNDERSTAND HOW THE HUMAN BODY IS 267 00:12:44,280 --> 00:12:47,283 GOING TO FUNCTION IN THE BODY, 268 00:12:47,283 --> 00:12:49,318 WE HAVE TO USE NEXT GENERATION 269 00:12:49,318 --> 00:12:51,320 MODELS THAT CONTAIN THE BLOOD 270 00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:52,154 VESSELS. 271 00:12:52,154 --> 00:12:56,459 >> YOU HAVE GIVEN US A LOT 272 00:12:56,459 --> 00:12:58,394 TO THINK ABOUT. 273 00:12:58,394 --> 00:12:59,862 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 274 00:12:59,862 --> 00:13:01,197 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. 275 00:13:01,197 --> 00:13:03,098 >> THE VASTNESS OF IT 276 00:13:03,098 --> 00:13:05,034 TECHNOLOGY ARE SO EXCITING 277 00:13:05,034 --> 00:13:09,738 ONERATE BUT WHAT ABOUT IN SPACE? 278 00:13:09,738 --> 00:13:12,875 WE'RE HERE WITH ROBIN FROM THE 279 00:13:12,875 --> 00:13:14,710 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 280 00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:22,151 I'M GLAD YOU COULD JOIN US. 281 00:13:22,151 --> 00:13:23,619 >> WHAT TECHNOLOGIES THOSE 282 00:13:23,619 --> 00:13:25,821 BEING SOLVED BY THE VASCULAR 283 00:13:25,821 --> 00:13:31,193 TISSUE CHALLENGE MEAN TO SPACE 284 00:13:31,193 --> 00:13:31,760 EXPLORATION. 285 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:32,862 COUPLE OF REASONS. 286 00:13:32,862 --> 00:13:36,432 ONE MISSION IS TO USE IT AS A 287 00:13:36,432 --> 00:13:40,102 TEST PAD. 288 00:13:40,102 --> 00:13:43,506 THE VASCULARIZED TISSUE MODELS 289 00:13:43,506 --> 00:13:45,207 RESULTING FROM THIS CHALLENGE 290 00:13:45,207 --> 00:13:47,710 WILL FUNCTION AS ANALOGS OR 291 00:13:47,710 --> 00:13:50,045 MODELS THAT WILL STUDY DEEP 292 00:13:50,045 --> 00:13:51,714 SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 293 00:13:51,714 --> 00:13:54,683 AND RADIATION AND MICRO GRAVITY 294 00:13:54,683 --> 00:13:56,118 CONDITIONING AND STRATEGIES TO 295 00:13:56,118 --> 00:13:57,987 MINIMIZE THE DAMAGE TO HEALTHY 296 00:13:57,987 --> 00:14:00,523 CELLS AND MITIGATE THE NEGATIVE 297 00:14:00,523 --> 00:14:02,491 EFFECTS ON HUMAN FOR THE LONG 298 00:14:02,491 --> 00:14:04,360 DURATION MISSION AS WAY FROM LOW 299 00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:05,561 EARTH ORBIT. 300 00:14:05,561 --> 00:14:10,099 ANOTHER KEY MISSION IS TO CREATE 301 00:14:10,099 --> 00:14:12,234 A NEW MARKET IN SPACE. 302 00:14:12,234 --> 00:14:14,937 WE'RE TRYING TO CREATE AN 303 00:14:14,937 --> 00:14:20,943 ECONOMY IN LOW EARTH ORBIT WHERE 304 00:14:20,943 --> 00:14:23,546 NASA IS A CUSTOMER AND TRUST 305 00:14:23,546 --> 00:14:24,547 ENTERPRISES GOING ON. 306 00:14:24,547 --> 00:14:27,616 WE THINK REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 307 00:14:27,616 --> 00:14:29,718 AND TISSUE REGENERATION IS ONE 308 00:14:29,718 --> 00:14:35,357 OF THE MOST PROMISING TISSUE 309 00:14:35,357 --> 00:14:36,892 APPLICATION THAT CAN CAUSE 310 00:14:36,892 --> 00:14:38,694 DEMAND FOR RESEARCH IN MICRO 311 00:14:38,694 --> 00:14:39,194 GRAVITY. 312 00:14:39,194 --> 00:14:41,764 IF MICRO GRAVITY, IT COULD BE 313 00:14:41,764 --> 00:14:44,133 POSSIBLE TO PRINT A TISSUE OR 314 00:14:44,133 --> 00:14:47,102 ANY ORGANS HERE ON EARTH. 315 00:14:47,102 --> 00:14:51,874 >> THAT'S WILD. 316 00:14:51,874 --> 00:14:54,076 WHO WOULD HAVE PREDICTED THAT? 317 00:14:54,076 --> 00:14:55,344 I GUESS SCIENTISTS. 318 00:14:55,344 --> 00:14:58,013 WE LOVE OUR ASTRONAUTS BUT HERE 319 00:14:58,013 --> 00:15:01,083 ON EARTH, HOW CAN DEVELOPING 320 00:15:01,083 --> 00:15:02,918 TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE EFFECT US 321 00:15:02,918 --> 00:15:05,554 HERE BACK ON PLANET EARTH. 322 00:15:05,554 --> 00:15:07,556 >> WE HAVE SO MANY 323 00:15:07,556 --> 00:15:08,958 TECHNOLOGIES THAT HAVE SPINED 324 00:15:08,958 --> 00:15:11,126 OFF TO APPLICATIONS ON EARTH. 325 00:15:11,126 --> 00:15:13,095 THAT'S THE KEY GOAL WITH THE 326 00:15:13,095 --> 00:15:14,730 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IS 327 00:15:14,730 --> 00:15:18,934 TO DO RESEARCH LIKE ONERATE. 328 00:15:18,934 --> 00:15:21,437 ON EARTH, THE TISSUE COULD BE 329 00:15:21,437 --> 00:15:31,280 USED IN PHARMACEUTICAL 330 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:31,947 PROCESSING. 331 00:15:31,947 --> 00:15:33,816 OTHER AREAS WE DEVELOPED 332 00:15:33,816 --> 00:15:35,818 TECHNOLOGY, ANOTHER SAMPLE IS IN 333 00:15:35,818 --> 00:15:37,987 THE WATER RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY 334 00:15:37,987 --> 00:15:39,588 THAT WE USE ON THE SPACE 335 00:15:39,588 --> 00:15:39,989 STATION. 336 00:15:39,989 --> 00:15:42,291 THAT HAS SPUN OFF INTO GROUND 337 00:15:42,291 --> 00:15:44,059 BASED FILTRATION SYSTEMS THAT 338 00:15:44,059 --> 00:15:46,228 HAVE BEEN USED IN DISASTER 339 00:15:46,228 --> 00:15:48,530 RELIEF AND IN REMOTE AREAS WHERE 340 00:15:48,530 --> 00:15:54,269 THERE'S FOR CLEAN WATER. 341 00:15:54,269 --> 00:15:56,572 THIS MAKES ME EXCITED FOR THE 342 00:15:56,572 --> 00:15:57,072 FUTURE. 343 00:15:57,072 --> 00:15:59,408 THANK YOU, WE LOVED HAVING YOU. 344 00:15:59,408 --> 00:16:00,109 >> THANK YOU. 345 00:16:00,109 --> 00:16:02,478 I'M EXCITED TO PARTICIPATE, 346 00:16:02,478 --> 00:16:06,615 TAPES A LOT. 347 00:16:06,615 --> 00:16:09,418 >> LET'S HEAR FROM SOMEONE 348 00:16:09,418 --> 00:16:11,020 KNOWING WHAT FIRSTHAND WORKING 349 00:16:11,020 --> 00:16:12,354 IF SPACE IS ABOUT. 350 00:16:12,354 --> 00:16:14,156 COMING FROM SPACE, ASTRONAUT 351 00:16:14,156 --> 00:16:16,025 KATE RUBEN. 352 00:16:16,025 --> 00:16:19,561 TAKE IT AWAY KATE. 353 00:16:19,561 --> 00:16:22,998 >> GREETINGS. 354 00:16:22,998 --> 00:16:26,035 I'M FLIGHT ENGINEER AND 355 00:16:26,035 --> 00:16:27,403 ASTRONAUT AND BIOLOGIST. 356 00:16:27,403 --> 00:16:30,139 I WANT TO CREATE THE NASA'S TEAM 357 00:16:30,139 --> 00:16:32,574 AND ALL OF THE PARTICIPATING 358 00:16:32,574 --> 00:16:34,410 CONVERTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE 359 00:16:34,410 --> 00:16:38,447 VASCULAR TISSUE COMPOSITION. 360 00:16:38,447 --> 00:16:41,950 RESEARCH CONDUCTED HERE HELPS 361 00:16:41,950 --> 00:16:47,222 LONG DURATION MISSIONS. 362 00:16:47,222 --> 00:16:49,792 DURING MY FIRST SPACEFLIGHT IN 363 00:16:49,792 --> 00:16:53,696 2016 WE SEQUENCED DNA IN SPACE 364 00:16:53,696 --> 00:16:54,630 FOR THE FIRST TIME. 365 00:16:54,630 --> 00:16:56,298 WITH THIS BREAK THROUGH AND 366 00:16:56,298 --> 00:16:59,301 THREE PRINTING STICK AND HUMAN 367 00:16:59,301 --> 00:17:01,904 ORGAN TISSUE, WE COULD TEST 368 00:17:01,904 --> 00:17:04,940 IMPACTS OF MICRO GRAVITY RIGHT 369 00:17:04,940 --> 00:17:07,042 HERE ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 370 00:17:07,042 --> 00:17:07,443 STATION. 371 00:17:07,443 --> 00:17:09,712 THIS COULD PAVE THE WAY FOR 372 00:17:09,712 --> 00:17:10,446 TISSUE PREPARATION AND 373 00:17:10,446 --> 00:17:12,214 REGENERATION BACK ON EARTH. 374 00:17:12,214 --> 00:17:13,549 I'M EXCITED ABOUT THE RESEARCH 375 00:17:13,549 --> 00:17:15,384 BEING TONE BY ALL OF THE 376 00:17:15,384 --> 00:17:18,554 VASCULAR TISSUE CHALLENGE 377 00:17:18,554 --> 00:17:19,788 PARTICIPANTS AND I LOOK FORWARD 378 00:17:19,788 --> 00:17:21,790 TO POTENTIALLY WORKING WITH OUR 379 00:17:21,790 --> 00:17:24,193 TISSUE SAMPLES HERE ON THE 380 00:17:24,193 --> 00:17:28,764 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IF 381 00:17:28,764 --> 00:17:29,231 THE FUTURE. 382 00:17:29,231 --> 00:17:37,039 THANK YOU AND CONGRATULATIONS. 383 00:17:37,039 --> 00:17:38,474 >> WE'RE MOMENTS AWAY FROM 384 00:17:38,474 --> 00:17:40,242 ANNOUNCING THE WINNER OF THE 385 00:17:40,242 --> 00:17:41,977 TISSUE CHALLENGE. 386 00:17:41,977 --> 00:17:43,245 LET'S START WITH AN ORGANIZATION 387 00:17:43,245 --> 00:17:45,447 THAT PARTNERED WITH NASA TO HELP 388 00:17:45,447 --> 00:17:48,851 MAKE THIS CHALLENGE A REALITY. 389 00:17:48,851 --> 00:17:50,519 WE'RE JOINED BY DAVE. 390 00:17:50,519 --> 00:17:52,321 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 391 00:17:52,321 --> 00:17:53,622 >> MY PLEASURE. 392 00:17:53,622 --> 00:17:54,990 THANK YOU FOR HAVING YOU. 393 00:17:54,990 --> 00:17:56,225 >> IT IS WONDERFUL TO HAVE 394 00:17:56,225 --> 00:17:59,461 YOU. 395 00:17:59,461 --> 00:18:00,796 GROUNDWORK HERE. 396 00:18:00,796 --> 00:18:03,165 WHY DID YOU SUPPORT THE VASCULAR 397 00:18:03,165 --> 00:18:05,267 TISSUE CHALLENGE? 398 00:18:05,267 --> 00:18:08,036 >> WE'RE A PRIZED FUNDING 399 00:18:08,036 --> 00:18:09,671 ORGANIZATION AS WELL AS NASA. 400 00:18:09,671 --> 00:18:13,675 ABOUT SIX YEARS AGO WE HAD HAD A 401 00:18:13,675 --> 00:18:16,211 PRIZE FOR LOCATION OF A WHOLE 402 00:18:16,211 --> 00:18:18,781 LIVER THAT WOULD BE VIABLE IN AN 403 00:18:18,781 --> 00:18:20,783 ORGANISM AND KEEP IT ALIVE AND 404 00:18:20,783 --> 00:18:21,583 HEALTHY. 405 00:18:21,583 --> 00:18:23,786 WE WERE WAY TOO EARLY AND THE 406 00:18:23,786 --> 00:18:25,521 TECHNOLOGY DID NOT SUPPORT THAT 407 00:18:25,521 --> 00:18:38,700 -- THAT GOAL. 408 00:18:38,700 --> 00:18:43,972 WE STEPPED BACK AND WHAT WAS THE 409 00:18:43,972 --> 00:18:44,640 PROBLEM. 410 00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:46,742 YOU COULD NOT SCALE THEM UP. 411 00:18:46,742 --> 00:18:49,645 THE TISSUES WOULD DIE BECAUSE OF 412 00:18:49,645 --> 00:18:51,146 LACK OF BLOOD FLOW. 413 00:18:51,146 --> 00:18:53,348 THAT WAS PROVIDED BY MICRO 414 00:18:53,348 --> 00:18:54,783 CIRCULATION. 415 00:18:54,783 --> 00:18:57,953 CAPILLARIES AND VESSELS. 416 00:18:57,953 --> 00:19:00,122 NOBODY KNEW HOW TO MAKE THOSE. 417 00:19:00,122 --> 00:19:02,191 WE THOUGHT WE WOULD PROPOSE TO 418 00:19:02,191 --> 00:19:04,760 NASA THE CREATION OF A PRIZE FOR 419 00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:07,729 MICRO VASCULAR AND NASA AFTER A 420 00:19:07,729 --> 00:19:09,565 COUPLE OF YEARS SAID YES. 421 00:19:09,565 --> 00:19:17,172 HERE WE ARE. 422 00:19:17,172 --> 00:19:17,673 >> AMAZING. 423 00:19:17,673 --> 00:19:19,141 REST IS HISTORY. 424 00:19:19,141 --> 00:19:23,178 WHERE DO YOU SELECT TISSUE AND 425 00:19:23,178 --> 00:19:28,750 ORGANS IN 10, 20, 50 YEARS. 426 00:19:28,750 --> 00:19:30,252 IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS, WE'LL 427 00:19:30,252 --> 00:19:36,024 MAKE TISSUE PATCHES TO PRINT OUT 428 00:19:36,024 --> 00:19:37,993 FOR INSTANCE LIVER TISSUE THAT 429 00:19:37,993 --> 00:19:40,796 WOULD BE ADDED TO A SICK LIVER 430 00:19:40,796 --> 00:19:43,232 AND THAT LIVER COULD POTENTIALLY 431 00:19:43,232 --> 00:19:45,534 RECOVER ITSELF BECAUSE OF THE 432 00:19:45,534 --> 00:19:49,905 CRUTCH-LIKE CAPABILITY OF THE 433 00:19:49,905 --> 00:19:51,707 LIVER PATCH OR IT WOULD ALLOW 434 00:19:51,707 --> 00:19:53,475 FOR MORE TIME FOR A TRANSPLANT 435 00:19:53,475 --> 00:19:54,576 TO BECOME AVAILABLE. 436 00:19:54,576 --> 00:19:56,845 THAT'S ACTUALLY A REASONABLY 437 00:19:56,845 --> 00:19:59,848 NEAR TERM FUTURE FROM A TECH 438 00:19:59,848 --> 00:20:03,452 FOLLOWING STANDPOINT. 439 00:20:03,452 --> 00:20:06,521 IN 20, 15 YEARS, I WOULD SAY WE 440 00:20:06,521 --> 00:20:08,824 WE'RE ABLE TO GET WHOLE LIVERS 441 00:20:08,824 --> 00:20:13,562 AND WHOLE KIDNEYS. 442 00:20:13,562 --> 00:20:15,230 WE WANT TO DO THAT BECAUSE 443 00:20:15,230 --> 00:20:18,066 THERE'S 110,000 PEOPLE ON THE 444 00:20:18,066 --> 00:20:19,334 WAITING LIST. 445 00:20:19,334 --> 00:20:22,237 AND MANY PASS AWAY WHILE THEY'RE 446 00:20:22,237 --> 00:20:22,938 WAITING. 447 00:20:22,938 --> 00:20:24,706 THERE'S ANOTHER TEN TIMES THAT 448 00:20:24,706 --> 00:20:27,376 THAT -- THAT DON'T QUALIFY TO 449 00:20:27,376 --> 00:20:32,981 EVEN BE ON THE LIST FOR ORGAN WE 450 00:20:32,981 --> 00:20:33,515 PLACEMENT. 451 00:20:33,515 --> 00:20:35,684 WE WANT TO MAKE THAT GO AWAY AND 452 00:20:35,684 --> 00:20:38,353 GIVE THE SURGEONS ALL OF THE 453 00:20:38,353 --> 00:20:39,888 INVENTORY NEEDED TO MAKE IT 454 00:20:39,888 --> 00:20:46,728 POSSIBLE. 455 00:20:46,728 --> 00:20:48,964 THEREAFTER, THEY WOULD BE 456 00:20:48,964 --> 00:20:51,300 COMPOSED OF YOUR OWN CELL. 457 00:20:51,300 --> 00:20:54,202 YOU WON'T BE AT AUTO IMMUNICIPAL 458 00:20:54,202 --> 00:20:56,972 DRUG, IT WILL JUST BE A NEW YOU 459 00:20:56,972 --> 00:20:58,407 AS FAR AS THAT ORGAN IS 460 00:20:58,407 --> 00:20:59,341 CONCERNED. 461 00:20:59,341 --> 00:21:04,846 >> WOW. 462 00:21:04,846 --> 00:21:07,115 THIS WOULD AFFECT POLLS. 463 00:21:07,115 --> 00:21:07,649 THANK YOU. 464 00:21:07,649 --> 00:21:09,484 WE LOVED HAVING YOU. 465 00:21:09,484 --> 00:21:15,590 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 466 00:21:15,590 --> 00:21:18,493 >> SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF 467 00:21:18,493 --> 00:21:20,362 VASCULAR TISSUE COULD HAVE FAR 468 00:21:20,362 --> 00:21:22,364 REACHING BENEFITS FOR NASA THE 469 00:21:22,364 --> 00:21:23,332 WORLD. 470 00:21:23,332 --> 00:21:24,666 LET'S EXPLORE MORE. 471 00:21:24,666 --> 00:21:26,868 >> THE VASCULAR TISSUE 472 00:21:26,868 --> 00:21:28,303 CHALLENGE IS FUELING THE IDEA OF 473 00:21:28,303 --> 00:21:32,741 CREATING A TISSUE WITH A TURNED 474 00:21:32,741 --> 00:21:34,009 BLOOD SUPPLY. 475 00:21:34,009 --> 00:21:35,243 >> IT IS LIKE A LIGHT 476 00:21:35,243 --> 00:21:35,711 SWITCH. 477 00:21:35,711 --> 00:21:38,880 WE MAKE TISSUES. 478 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:41,049 >> THE BENEFITS OF CREATING 479 00:21:41,049 --> 00:21:46,121 VASCULAR LIVE TISSUE IS ENORMOUS 480 00:21:46,121 --> 00:21:48,223 AND FAR REACHING. 481 00:21:48,223 --> 00:21:51,026 THIS WILL INVOLVE ALL THE ORGAN 482 00:21:51,026 --> 00:21:53,895 SYSTEMS. 483 00:21:53,895 --> 00:21:55,063 >> AND THE SCREENING OF 484 00:21:55,063 --> 00:21:55,897 DRUGS. 485 00:21:55,897 --> 00:21:57,299 >> THERE'S POTENTIAL TO 486 00:21:57,299 --> 00:21:59,434 CREATE WHOLE ORGANS. 487 00:21:59,434 --> 00:22:01,536 WHY IS THIS TECHNOLOGY IMPORTANT 488 00:22:01,536 --> 00:22:03,505 TO NASA. 489 00:22:03,505 --> 00:22:04,473 >> IT WOULD OPEN THE 490 00:22:04,473 --> 00:22:06,441 POSSIBILITY OF EXTENDED SPACE 491 00:22:06,441 --> 00:22:10,278 TRAVEL AND GRAVITY COULD HELP US 492 00:22:10,278 --> 00:22:12,547 WITH THE PROGRAM. 493 00:22:12,547 --> 00:22:14,182 >> WITHOUT HAVING TO GO INTO 494 00:22:14,182 --> 00:22:15,384 SPACE. 495 00:22:15,384 --> 00:22:17,519 >> WE WOULD LIKE BREVITY AND 496 00:22:17,519 --> 00:22:19,921 THAT'S WHY WE LIKE THE 497 00:22:19,921 --> 00:22:20,689 CHALLENGE. 498 00:22:20,689 --> 00:22:22,257 >> IT COULD CHANGE THE FACE 499 00:22:22,257 --> 00:22:24,092 OF MEDICINE AS WE KNOW IT. 500 00:22:24,092 --> 00:22:25,694 FOR THE EXCITING MOMENT WE'VE 501 00:22:25,694 --> 00:22:26,995 ALL BEEN WAITING FOR. 502 00:22:26,995 --> 00:22:29,965 HERE'S NASA ASSOCIATE MEMBER, 503 00:22:29,965 --> 00:22:34,403 JIM REUTER TO REVIEW THE WINNER 504 00:22:34,403 --> 00:22:38,306 OF THE NASA TISSUE CHALLENGE. 505 00:22:38,306 --> 00:22:41,109 >> THE PRIZES AND CHALLENGES 506 00:22:41,109 --> 00:22:43,111 AND OUTSOURCING PROGRAM AND THE 507 00:22:43,111 --> 00:22:44,679 ENTIRE AGENCY, I LIKE TO 508 00:22:44,679 --> 00:22:47,215 CONGRATULATE ALL OF THE 509 00:22:47,215 --> 00:22:49,551 PARTICIPANTS WITH THE VASCULAR 510 00:22:49,551 --> 00:22:50,652 TISSUE CHALLENGE. 511 00:22:50,652 --> 00:22:53,488 THE REASON TO OPEN THIS IN 2016 512 00:22:53,488 --> 00:22:55,123 WE COULDN'T IMAGINE THE SUCCESS 513 00:22:55,123 --> 00:22:56,658 WE WOULD SEE FROM THE TEAMS. 514 00:22:56,658 --> 00:22:59,494 I RECALL US TALKING ABOUT IT, 515 00:22:59,494 --> 00:23:02,798 THIS CHALLENGE, WITH THE FIXED 516 00:23:02,798 --> 00:23:06,468 METABOLIC TISSUE WAS MAYBE A 517 00:23:06,468 --> 00:23:07,903 STEP TOO FAR AND COULD NOT BE 518 00:23:07,903 --> 00:23:10,705 DONE. 519 00:23:10,705 --> 00:23:12,607 THESE TEAMS WORK ASSOCIATED A 520 00:23:12,607 --> 00:23:14,543 GLOBAL PANDEMIC WITH LIMITED OR 521 00:23:14,543 --> 00:23:17,179 FOR ACCESS TO THEIR LABS, THEIR 522 00:23:17,179 --> 00:23:18,880 DEDICATION TO THE MEDICAL AND 523 00:23:18,880 --> 00:23:20,882 SPACE COMMUNITIES IS AN EXAMPLE 524 00:23:20,882 --> 00:23:23,018 OF HOW EVEN THROUGH ADVERSITY, 525 00:23:23,018 --> 00:23:24,786 THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WILL 526 00:23:24,786 --> 00:23:25,320 PERSEVERE. 527 00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:27,956 WITH THE ABILITY TO REGENERATE 528 00:23:27,956 --> 00:23:30,625 THICK VASCULAR TISSUE, WE COULD 529 00:23:30,625 --> 00:23:34,396 MAKE ENORMOUS IMPACT ON SPACE 530 00:23:34,396 --> 00:23:39,401 AND ONERATE. 531 00:23:39,401 --> 00:23:47,209 -- ON EARTH. 532 00:23:47,209 --> 00:23:49,077 WINNER IS TEAM WINSTON. 533 00:23:49,077 --> 00:23:52,280 THE NATIONAL LABS, TEAM WINSTON 534 00:23:52,280 --> 00:23:54,516 WILL HAVE OPPORTUNITY TO TEST IT 535 00:23:54,516 --> 00:23:56,651 UNDER THE EFFECTS OF MICRO 536 00:23:56,651 --> 00:23:58,954 GRAVITY AT THE INTERNATIONAL 537 00:23:58,954 --> 00:24:00,355 SPACE STATION. 538 00:24:00,355 --> 00:24:01,556 SELECTIONS LIKE THESE COULDN'T 539 00:24:01,556 --> 00:24:03,325 HAPPEN WITHOUT OUR JUDGES THAT 540 00:24:03,325 --> 00:24:09,030 ARE EXPERTS IN THEIR FIELD OR 541 00:24:09,030 --> 00:24:09,898 ACROSS THE COUNTRY. 542 00:24:09,898 --> 00:24:14,636 I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR CREATING 543 00:24:14,636 --> 00:24:17,272 TISSUES THAT WE CAN USE TO STUDY 544 00:24:17,272 --> 00:24:20,041 DEEP SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL 545 00:24:20,041 --> 00:24:21,009 EFFECTS. 546 00:24:21,009 --> 00:24:22,944 THANK YOU ON YOUR ACHIEVEMENTS. 547 00:24:22,944 --> 00:24:24,713 THANK YOU FOR EVERYONE INVOLVED 548 00:24:24,713 --> 00:24:26,047 IF THE COMPETITION AND 549 00:24:26,047 --> 00:24:27,749 CONTRIBUTIONS AND ADVANCING 550 00:24:27,749 --> 00:24:31,319 SPACE EXPLORATIONS. 551 00:24:31,319 --> 00:24:32,554 >> WE'RE HERE LIVE WITH 552 00:24:32,554 --> 00:24:37,159 KELSEY WILSON FROM TEAM WILSON, 553 00:24:37,159 --> 00:24:42,164 THE FIRST WINNERS OF THE TISSUE 554 00:24:42,164 --> 00:24:42,764 CHALLENGE. 555 00:24:42,764 --> 00:24:43,565 CONGRATULATIONS. 556 00:24:43,565 --> 00:24:44,766 >> THANK YOU FOR BEING -- 557 00:24:44,766 --> 00:24:50,972 FOR HAVING ME ON HERE. 558 00:24:50,972 --> 00:24:52,107 >> IT IS EXCITING TO HAVE 559 00:24:52,107 --> 00:24:54,743 YOU AFTER THE CHALLENGE. 560 00:24:54,743 --> 00:24:57,412 JOINING US IS VASCULAR TISSUE 561 00:24:57,412 --> 00:25:04,286 CHALLENGE, DR. ARUIN SHARMA. 562 00:25:04,286 --> 00:25:05,220 THANK YOU BACK. 563 00:25:05,220 --> 00:25:06,721 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. 564 00:25:06,721 --> 00:25:08,857 >> WE HAVE LOTS OF QUESTIONS 565 00:25:08,857 --> 00:25:09,724 FOR THE GUESTS. 566 00:25:09,724 --> 00:25:11,760 THE FIRST ONE -- YOU'RE THE 567 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:13,762 FIRST PERSON TO ACCOMPLISH THIS 568 00:25:13,762 --> 00:25:16,865 TASK, YOU AND YOUR TEAM. 569 00:25:16,865 --> 00:25:19,167 HOW DO YOU FEEL? 570 00:25:19,167 --> 00:25:20,268 AND YOUR TEAM? 571 00:25:20,268 --> 00:25:23,004 >> FOR ME IT FEELS SURREAL. 572 00:25:23,004 --> 00:25:25,040 WE WORK ON THESE PROJECTS FOR 573 00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:26,975 YEARS AND YOU SPEND HOURS AND 574 00:25:26,975 --> 00:25:29,344 HOURS IN LABS AND IT IS AMAZING 575 00:25:29,344 --> 00:25:30,879 TO GET SOMETHING TO THE POINT 576 00:25:30,879 --> 00:25:32,581 WHERE WE COULD BRING IT TO THE 577 00:25:32,581 --> 00:25:33,014 PUBLIC. 578 00:25:33,014 --> 00:25:38,853 THAT'S BEEN VERY EXCITING. 579 00:25:38,853 --> 00:25:40,855 WHEN I STARTED GRAD SCHOOL, I 580 00:25:40,855 --> 00:25:42,557 NEVER IMAGINED I WOULD BE 581 00:25:42,557 --> 00:25:44,292 INTERVIEWED BY NASA. 582 00:25:44,292 --> 00:25:50,232 SURREAL. 583 00:25:50,232 --> 00:25:56,037 >> DR. SHARMA, I UNDERSTAND 584 00:25:56,037 --> 00:26:00,075 THIS IS REMARKABLE. 585 00:26:00,075 --> 00:26:01,676 HOW MUCH WOULD THIS SOLVE THE 586 00:26:01,676 --> 00:26:03,078 FUNCTIONAL HUMAN TISSUE? 587 00:26:03,078 --> 00:26:04,980 >> IT IS A TREMENDOUS 588 00:26:04,980 --> 00:26:12,621 ACCOMPLISHMENT. 589 00:26:12,621 --> 00:26:14,289 IT IS NOT EASY TO CREATE TISSUES 590 00:26:14,289 --> 00:26:16,024 THAT IS ABLE TO SURVIVE FOR A 591 00:26:16,024 --> 00:26:17,959 MONTH AND BE FUNCTIONAL. 592 00:26:17,959 --> 00:26:19,828 JUST MEETING ONE OF THOSE 593 00:26:19,828 --> 00:26:21,930 CRITERIA WOULD BE AN 594 00:26:21,930 --> 00:26:23,231 ACCOMPLISHMENT, THE FACT THAT WE 595 00:26:23,231 --> 00:26:24,866 MET ALL THREE CRITERIA IS 596 00:26:24,866 --> 00:26:31,273 ABSOLUTELY TREMENDOUS. 597 00:26:31,273 --> 00:26:33,308 >> KELSEY TELL US ABOUT THE 598 00:26:33,308 --> 00:26:35,277 SAMPLE AND THE APPROACH YOU TOOK 599 00:26:35,277 --> 00:26:41,216 TO SOLVING THIS PROBLEM. 600 00:26:41,216 --> 00:26:48,156 WE STARTED OUT WITH IT BEING A 601 00:26:48,156 --> 00:26:50,258 SENT PETER IN EACH DIRECTION AND 602 00:26:50,258 --> 00:26:52,661 BE LARGE TO STUDY ORGANS AND TEN 603 00:26:52,661 --> 00:26:55,463 WE TOOK A STEP WISE APPROACH. 604 00:26:55,463 --> 00:27:00,101 WE LOOKED AT WHAT SPACE WOULD BE 605 00:27:00,101 --> 00:27:02,604 THE BEST TO GET FUTURE TRENTS IF 606 00:27:02,604 --> 00:27:08,943 AND OUT AND SETTLED WAVE LIKE 607 00:27:08,943 --> 00:27:11,046 TUBES AND TEN ALLOWING OURSELVES 608 00:27:11,046 --> 00:27:12,681 TO GROW AND RESPOND TO EACH 609 00:27:12,681 --> 00:27:15,216 OTHER, WHICH WAS A LIKE A 610 00:27:15,216 --> 00:27:16,084 GELATIN. 611 00:27:16,084 --> 00:27:20,555 SIMILAR TO LIKE JELL-O IN YOUR 612 00:27:20,555 --> 00:27:21,189 KITCHEN. 613 00:27:21,189 --> 00:27:25,994 AND THEN ALLOW THE SAMPLES TO BE 614 00:27:25,994 --> 00:27:29,230 IF A SIMILAR WAY THAT YOU SEE IN 615 00:27:29,230 --> 00:27:30,265 THE HUMAN BODY. 616 00:27:30,265 --> 00:27:32,734 >> THAT'S A USE OF JELL-O 617 00:27:32,734 --> 00:27:34,336 THAT I NEVER THOUGHT WOULD BE 618 00:27:34,336 --> 00:27:36,338 APPLIED. 619 00:27:36,338 --> 00:27:38,306 YOU'VE BEEN IN CHARGE OF THIS 620 00:27:38,306 --> 00:27:39,841 FOR FIVE YEARS. 621 00:27:39,841 --> 00:27:44,713 IN ADDITION TO THE WORK YOU DO, 622 00:27:44,713 --> 00:27:46,881 WHAT DO YOU GET OUT OF IT 623 00:27:46,881 --> 00:27:49,351 PERSONALLY AND PROFESSIONALLY? 624 00:27:49,351 --> 00:27:52,821 >> IT IS GRATIFYING TO SEE 625 00:27:52,821 --> 00:27:54,222 TALENTED MIND AROUND THE COUNTRY 626 00:27:54,222 --> 00:27:56,224 TO ADDRESS THIS VERY UNIQUE 627 00:27:56,224 --> 00:28:00,662 PROBLEM. 628 00:28:00,662 --> 00:28:03,198 IT IS TREMENDOUS TO SEE THE 629 00:28:03,198 --> 00:28:04,866 SOLUTIONS THAT THE TEAMS CAME UP 630 00:28:04,866 --> 00:28:05,333 WITH. 631 00:28:05,333 --> 00:28:06,534 THEY ADDRESS THE CONCERNS WHEN 632 00:28:06,534 --> 00:28:08,536 IT COMES TO TISSUE FUNCTIONALITY 633 00:28:08,536 --> 00:28:11,706 AND TISSUE VASCULARIZATION. 634 00:28:11,706 --> 00:28:13,842 IF WE TALK ABOUT LONG-TERM 635 00:28:13,842 --> 00:28:15,510 MEDICAL APPLICATION, IT IS 636 00:28:15,510 --> 00:28:19,681 EXTREMELY IMPORTANT. 637 00:28:19,681 --> 00:28:21,616 DOWN THE ROAD THEY MAY SERVE AS 638 00:28:21,616 --> 00:28:24,219 REPLACEMENT TISSUES, TISSUES 639 00:28:24,219 --> 00:28:27,956 ROST DUE TO INJURY OR STESS. 640 00:28:27,956 --> 00:28:32,827 THIS IS IMPORTANT CHALLENGE. 641 00:28:32,827 --> 00:28:35,230 I WANT TO THANK THE TEAMS FOR 642 00:28:35,230 --> 00:28:40,502 THEIR WORK. 643 00:28:40,502 --> 00:28:42,270 >> WHAT IS IT LIKE WORKING 644 00:28:42,270 --> 00:28:43,138 WITH NASA? 645 00:28:43,138 --> 00:28:45,106 WOULD YOU RECOMMEND THAT TO 646 00:28:45,106 --> 00:28:46,408 OTHERS? 647 00:28:46,408 --> 00:28:46,941 >> ABSOLUTELY. 648 00:28:46,941 --> 00:28:50,445 I THINK NASA WAS INCREDIBLE, NOT 649 00:28:50,445 --> 00:28:52,313 ONLY DIFFICULT SCIENTIFIC 650 00:28:52,313 --> 00:29:01,956 CHALLENGE BUT WITH COVID IN 651 00:29:01,956 --> 00:29:03,792 PARTICULAR, WITH TECHNICAL 652 00:29:03,792 --> 00:29:05,260 DIFFICULTIES, THEY WERE 653 00:29:05,260 --> 00:29:07,362 WONDERFUL HELPING US WITH 654 00:29:07,362 --> 00:29:09,130 SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGE BUT ALSO 655 00:29:09,130 --> 00:29:11,232 CERTAIN TECHNICAL HURDLED WE HAD 656 00:29:11,232 --> 00:29:16,304 TO OVERCOME. 657 00:29:16,304 --> 00:29:17,505 >> COVID ALONE WOULD HAVE 658 00:29:17,505 --> 00:29:19,908 BEEN A SERIOUS HURDLE BUT 659 00:29:19,908 --> 00:29:21,042 EVERYTHING ELSE MAKES IT 660 00:29:21,042 --> 00:29:22,744 INCREDIBLE FEAT. 661 00:29:22,744 --> 00:29:24,846 WHAT IS NEXT FOR YOUR TEAM? 662 00:29:24,846 --> 00:29:26,080 DO YOU GET A BREAK. 663 00:29:26,080 --> 00:29:27,615 THE ONLY THING YOU WERE WORKING 664 00:29:27,615 --> 00:29:28,049 ON. 665 00:29:28,049 --> 00:29:31,886 WHAT IS UP WITH YOUR LAB? 666 00:29:31,886 --> 00:29:40,428 >> FOR THOSE NOT IN RESEARCH, 667 00:29:40,428 --> 00:29:50,205 IT IS COMMON TO HAVE SEVERAL 668 00:29:50,205 --> 00:29:51,673 THINGS GOING. 669 00:29:51,673 --> 00:29:56,845 A DOCTOR IS LOOKING AT APPLYING 670 00:29:56,845 --> 00:29:58,313 THIS TO NEURAL TISSUE. 671 00:29:58,313 --> 00:30:00,715 I MYSELF WILL SPEND MORE TIME 672 00:30:00,715 --> 00:30:03,485 FOCUSING ON MY WORK DEVELOPING 673 00:30:03,485 --> 00:30:12,760 3D SKIN AND ADDING HAIR 674 00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:15,497 FOLLICLES TO IT. 675 00:30:15,497 --> 00:30:18,032 >> IT WOULD BE GOOD FOR BOTH 676 00:30:18,032 --> 00:30:19,400 OF YOU. 677 00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:21,135 NOT A TEAM APPROACH. 678 00:30:21,135 --> 00:30:23,137 THERE WAS MANY WAYS TO SOLVE THE 679 00:30:23,137 --> 00:30:23,571 CHALLENGE. 680 00:30:23,571 --> 00:30:25,006 COULD YOU TALK ABOUT THAT, WHAT 681 00:30:25,006 --> 00:30:27,909 YOU DID, KELSEY, BECAUSE YOU 682 00:30:27,909 --> 00:30:29,711 WERE ON THE WINNING TEAM AND THE 683 00:30:29,711 --> 00:30:31,980 SECOND PLACE TEAM AND THEIR 684 00:30:31,980 --> 00:30:33,414 JUDGES PROBABLY SAW PANE 685 00:30:33,414 --> 00:30:34,616 APPROACHES AS WELL. 686 00:30:34,616 --> 00:30:36,117 KELSEY, IF YOU COULD TAKE THAT 687 00:30:36,117 --> 00:30:37,385 FIRST? 688 00:30:37,385 --> 00:30:37,785 >> OF COURSE. 689 00:30:37,785 --> 00:30:42,190 AS YOU SAID, WE ACTUALLY HAD TWO 690 00:30:42,190 --> 00:30:43,858 DIFFERENT TEAMS WORKING ON IT. 691 00:30:43,858 --> 00:30:45,260 WE TOOK DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO 692 00:30:45,260 --> 00:30:45,894 IT. 693 00:30:45,894 --> 00:30:48,229 EVEN THOUGH WE USED BIOPRINTING, 694 00:30:48,229 --> 00:30:50,365 WE USED TWO DIFFERENT TYPES AND 695 00:30:50,365 --> 00:30:51,733 CAME UP WITH STRUCTURES THAT 696 00:30:51,733 --> 00:30:53,501 LOOKED VERY DIFFERENT, DESPITE 697 00:30:53,501 --> 00:30:55,803 THE FACT THAT THEY MET THE 698 00:30:55,803 --> 00:30:57,205 CHALLENGE REQUIREMENTS. 699 00:30:57,205 --> 00:30:58,806 EVEN WITHIN THE INSTITUTE WE HAD 700 00:30:58,806 --> 00:31:01,643 HAD MULTIPLE WAYS OF ATTEMPTING 701 00:31:01,643 --> 00:31:03,311 THIS AND I CAN'T SEE WHAT THE 702 00:31:03,311 --> 00:31:06,147 OTHER GROUPS CAME UP WITH. 703 00:31:06,147 --> 00:31:11,553 I ASSUME THEY'RE OUTSIDE MY 704 00:31:11,553 --> 00:31:12,654 IMAGINATION AND PROBABLY 705 00:31:12,654 --> 00:31:16,057 WONDERFUL. 706 00:31:16,057 --> 00:31:16,758 >> YOU'RE RIGHT. 707 00:31:16,758 --> 00:31:18,760 I HAD A LOOK AT WHAT TEAMS 708 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:20,028 AROUND THE COUNTRY HAVE BEEN 709 00:31:20,028 --> 00:31:21,162 ABLE TO DO. 710 00:31:21,162 --> 00:31:23,031 IT IS ASTOUNDING. 711 00:31:23,031 --> 00:31:25,733 THESE EXCEPTIONALLY TALENTED 712 00:31:25,733 --> 00:31:29,671 BIOENGINEERS USED DIFFERENT 713 00:31:29,671 --> 00:31:31,573 APPROACHES TO CREATE CUSTOM 714 00:31:31,573 --> 00:31:32,674 TISSUES THAT HAVE VARIETY OF 715 00:31:32,674 --> 00:31:33,575 CELL TYPES. 716 00:31:33,575 --> 00:31:35,910 WE HAD TEAMS UTILIZING LIVER AND 717 00:31:35,910 --> 00:31:38,880 HEART TISSUE AND SO ON. 718 00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:42,083 THE POSSIBILITIES HAD HAD REALLY 719 00:31:42,083 --> 00:31:44,786 ENDLESS HOW THE CELL TYPES COULD 720 00:31:44,786 --> 00:31:47,088 BE PROPERLY INTEGRATED AND 721 00:31:47,088 --> 00:31:49,090 INTERCEPTED WITH THE ENGINEERING 722 00:31:49,090 --> 00:31:51,426 APPROACHES. 723 00:31:51,426 --> 00:31:53,828 >> I LIKE TO PIGGYBACK OFF 724 00:31:53,828 --> 00:31:54,662 OF THAT. 725 00:31:54,662 --> 00:31:57,065 WHAT IT TAKE FOR THE TEAM TO WIN 726 00:31:57,065 --> 00:31:58,099 IT CHALLENGE? 727 00:31:58,099 --> 00:32:00,935 WHAT BASICALLY -- WHAT BASICALLY 728 00:32:00,935 --> 00:32:04,672 WAS UNIQUE AND DIFFERENT ABOUT 729 00:32:04,672 --> 00:32:13,915 KELSEY'S TEAM? HER TEAM WAS THE 730 00:32:13,915 --> 00:32:20,021 FIRST TEAM FOR THE SUCCESS OF 731 00:32:20,021 --> 00:32:20,521 THE CHALLENGE. 732 00:32:20,521 --> 00:32:23,191 YOU HAD TO MEET MULTIPLE 733 00:32:23,191 --> 00:32:25,159 CRITERIA PAID IT CHALLENGING. 734 00:32:25,159 --> 00:32:27,395 ONE WAS FUNCTIONALITY, THE 735 00:32:27,395 --> 00:32:28,696 TISSUES HAVE TO BE FUNCTIONAL 736 00:32:28,696 --> 00:32:30,598 FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME. 737 00:32:30,598 --> 00:32:32,867 ONE MONTH IF PARTICULAR. 738 00:32:32,867 --> 00:32:34,936 THESE TISSUES HAD TO BE 739 00:32:34,936 --> 00:32:36,237 VASCULARIZED AND CONTAIN THE 740 00:32:36,237 --> 00:32:38,139 CELLS THAT ALIGN THE BLOOD 741 00:32:38,139 --> 00:32:39,707 VESSELS IN THE BODY. 742 00:32:39,707 --> 00:32:42,844 THEY HAVE TO SURVIVE LONG-TERM. 743 00:32:42,844 --> 00:32:44,979 AGAIN, OUR TIMELINE WAS AT LEAST 744 00:32:44,979 --> 00:32:46,114 ONE MONTH. 745 00:32:46,114 --> 00:32:48,182 KELSEY'S TEAM WAS THE FIRST TO 746 00:32:48,182 --> 00:32:50,051 ACCOMPLISH THESE -- THESE TASKS 747 00:32:50,051 --> 00:32:54,889 AND TO MEET THESE CRITERIA. 748 00:32:54,889 --> 00:32:55,857 CHALLENGING BUT CONGRATULATIONS 749 00:32:55,857 --> 00:33:29,891 AGAIN TO SUCCESS. 750 00:33:29,891 --> 00:33:32,694 >> THIS IS CHALLENGING, WHAT 751 00:33:32,694 --> 00:33:35,463 DO YOU DO TO TO THIS WORK? 752 00:33:35,463 --> 00:33:37,398 >> THERE'S SEVERAL THINGS, 753 00:33:37,398 --> 00:33:39,500 LETTING THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY 754 00:33:39,500 --> 00:33:42,470 STUDY DISEASES AND HUMAN HEALTH 755 00:33:42,470 --> 00:33:44,105 SYSTEMS, SOMETHING WE COULD USE 756 00:33:44,105 --> 00:33:46,641 TO TEST DIFFERENT MEDICINES ON, 757 00:33:46,641 --> 00:33:48,776 RATHER THAN GOING TO ANIMAL OR 758 00:33:48,776 --> 00:33:52,780 STRAIGHT TO HUMAN TESTING. 759 00:33:52,780 --> 00:33:54,949 IT GIVES UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE INTO 760 00:33:54,949 --> 00:33:56,784 A BUILDING BLOCK AS HAS BEEN 761 00:33:56,784 --> 00:33:58,119 TALKED ABOUT EARLIER IN THE 762 00:33:58,119 --> 00:33:59,587 SEGMENT. 763 00:33:59,587 --> 00:34:01,389 I'M HOPEFUL AND EVENTUALLY COME 764 00:34:01,389 --> 00:34:03,858 ONE WHOLE ORGANS THAT COULD BE 765 00:34:03,858 --> 00:34:10,164 USED FOR ORGAN REPLACEMENT IF 766 00:34:10,164 --> 00:34:11,466 THE FUTURE. 767 00:34:11,466 --> 00:34:12,200 >> I AGREE. 768 00:34:12,200 --> 00:34:13,367 BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THE NEXT 769 00:34:13,367 --> 00:34:21,309 STEP. 770 00:34:21,309 --> 00:34:23,711 THE HOPE IS TO DESIGN TISSUES 771 00:34:23,711 --> 00:34:26,380 THAT COULD ONE DAY REPLACE 772 00:34:26,380 --> 00:34:27,915 TISSUES THAT ARE DAMAGED AND 773 00:34:27,915 --> 00:34:28,349 INJURED. 774 00:34:28,349 --> 00:34:30,284 IT IS A DREAM AND SOMETHING THAT 775 00:34:30,284 --> 00:34:32,186 CAN POSITIVELY BENEFIT THE LIVES 776 00:34:32,186 --> 00:34:33,688 OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE AROUND THE 777 00:34:33,688 --> 00:34:37,692 WORLD. 778 00:34:37,692 --> 00:34:41,262 >> INCREDIBLY EXCITING. 779 00:34:41,262 --> 00:34:44,532 I KNOW YOUR SAMPLE WILL SLIDE TO 780 00:34:44,532 --> 00:34:46,534 I.S.S. FOR FURTHER TESTING. 781 00:34:46,534 --> 00:34:49,837 WHAT DO YOU HOPE TO GAME FROM 782 00:34:49,837 --> 00:34:51,973 TESTING AT THE INTERNATIONAL 783 00:34:51,973 --> 00:34:58,546 SPACE STATION? 784 00:34:58,546 --> 00:35:02,984 FIRST IS HOW IT IS CONNECTED? 785 00:35:02,984 --> 00:35:05,286 WE KNOW IT IS DIFFERENT HERE 786 00:35:05,286 --> 00:35:07,388 THAN ON EARTH. 787 00:35:07,388 --> 00:35:09,624 THERE'S TESTS LOCKING AT CELLS 788 00:35:09,624 --> 00:35:11,959 BEING GROWN IN MICRO GRAVITY AND 789 00:35:11,959 --> 00:35:14,962 UNDER OTHER CONDITIONS, 790 00:35:14,962 --> 00:35:20,568 INCLUDING RADIOACTIVITY. 791 00:35:20,568 --> 00:35:22,637 THOSE ARE CONFOUNDING FACTORS. 792 00:35:22,637 --> 00:35:25,139 THEY'RE IN A STATIC CULTURE AND 793 00:35:25,139 --> 00:35:29,143 THAT MICRO GRAVITY SYSTEM HAS 794 00:35:29,143 --> 00:35:31,913 BEEN SHOWN HOW MUCH OXYGEN THEY 795 00:35:31,913 --> 00:35:33,781 GET IN THE CULTURE. 796 00:35:33,781 --> 00:35:35,149 IT WOULD BE INTERESTING TO LOOK 797 00:35:35,149 --> 00:35:43,057 AT HOW THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 798 00:35:43,057 --> 00:35:51,732 EFFECTS A SYSTEM. 799 00:35:51,732 --> 00:35:53,167 >> I LOVE TO GET YOUR TAKE 800 00:35:53,167 --> 00:35:55,636 ON THAT AS WELL. 801 00:35:55,636 --> 00:35:56,103 >> CERTAINLY. 802 00:35:56,103 --> 00:35:58,206 AS I SAID PREVIOUSLY, THE WORK 803 00:35:58,206 --> 00:36:00,508 I'VE DONE IS IN TWO DIMENSIONAL 804 00:36:00,508 --> 00:36:04,145 CELL CULTURES. 805 00:36:04,145 --> 00:36:06,447 REALLY THE HUMAN BODY FUNCTIONS 806 00:36:06,447 --> 00:36:08,182 FOR TWO DIMENSIONS. 807 00:36:08,182 --> 00:36:09,750 THAT'S WHY THIS IS SO EXCITING. 808 00:36:09,750 --> 00:36:12,220 WE WANT TO CREATE BETTER MODELS 809 00:36:12,220 --> 00:36:13,354 AS FAR AS HOW IT IS FUNCTIONING 810 00:36:13,354 --> 00:36:16,657 IF LOW GRAVITY DURING EXTEND 811 00:36:16,657 --> 00:36:17,592 SPACEFLIGHT. 812 00:36:17,592 --> 00:36:19,527 THREE DIMENSIONAL TISSUE WILL 813 00:36:19,527 --> 00:36:22,496 TELL US ABOUT EXACTLY THAT, THE 814 00:36:22,496 --> 00:36:24,966 IMPACT OF LOW GRAVITY ON THE 815 00:36:24,966 --> 00:36:26,667 HUMAN BODY. 816 00:36:26,667 --> 00:36:28,436 AND THEN THE RESEARCH LABORATORY 817 00:36:28,436 --> 00:36:32,273 IS LARGELY FOR THE BENEFIT FOR 818 00:36:32,273 --> 00:36:33,941 THOSE OF US HERE ON EARTH. 819 00:36:33,941 --> 00:36:41,315 WE WANT TO MODEL THESE PHENOMENA 820 00:36:41,315 --> 00:36:44,118 FOR ACCELERATING AGING. 821 00:36:44,118 --> 00:36:46,254 THE PHENOMENA YOU SEE IN LOW 822 00:36:46,254 --> 00:36:48,289 GRAVITY DURING SPACEFLIGHT IS A 823 00:36:48,289 --> 00:36:50,591 FORM OF ACCELERATED AGING. 824 00:36:50,591 --> 00:36:52,894 THE BONES ARE DETERIORATING AT 825 00:36:52,894 --> 00:36:57,632 SLIGHTLY FASTER RATE. 826 00:36:57,632 --> 00:37:00,301 WHAT WE LEARN FROM THESE AND 3D 827 00:37:00,301 --> 00:37:02,236 PRINTED MODELS WILL HELP US 828 00:37:02,236 --> 00:37:03,504 UNDERSTAND AGING. 829 00:37:03,504 --> 00:37:07,675 SOMETHING THAT WE'RE INTERESTED 830 00:37:07,675 --> 00:37:08,442 IN. 831 00:37:08,442 --> 00:37:10,244 >> 100 PERCENT. 832 00:37:10,244 --> 00:37:12,079 I'M NOT THE ONLY ONE ASKING 833 00:37:12,079 --> 00:37:13,281 QUESTIONS HERE. 834 00:37:13,281 --> 00:37:14,815 ALL OF YOU HAVE BEEN ASKING 835 00:37:14,815 --> 00:37:16,150 QUESTIONS ONLINE. 836 00:37:16,150 --> 00:37:29,597 SO LET'S GET TO THOSE. 837 00:37:29,597 --> 00:37:33,367 OUR FIRST QUESTION IS FROM SPACE 838 00:37:33,367 --> 00:37:34,035 GIRL. 839 00:37:34,035 --> 00:37:37,104 SHE ASKS WHY IS NASA INTERESTED 840 00:37:37,104 --> 00:37:42,043 IN ENGINEERING HUMAN TISSUE? 841 00:37:42,043 --> 00:37:43,778 >> CERTAINLY. 842 00:37:43,778 --> 00:37:48,049 ABSOLUTELY. 843 00:37:48,049 --> 00:37:49,917 NASA IS INTERESTED IN THIS 844 00:37:49,917 --> 00:37:51,452 BECAUSE WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND 845 00:37:51,452 --> 00:37:52,954 WAYS THAT THIS TISSUE CAN 846 00:37:52,954 --> 00:37:54,855 PERHAPS IMPROVE THE 847 00:37:54,855 --> 00:37:57,058 FUNCTIONALITY OF TISSUES ON THE 848 00:37:57,058 --> 00:37:57,425 PLANET. 849 00:37:57,425 --> 00:38:01,095 WE -- WE PERHAPS -- PERHAPS THIS 850 00:38:01,095 --> 00:38:02,496 TISSUE WILL BE MORE FUNCTIONAL 851 00:38:02,496 --> 00:38:08,235 IF A GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT AND USE 852 00:38:08,235 --> 00:38:14,775 THIS FOR THE DOWNSTREAM 853 00:38:14,775 --> 00:38:15,276 THERAPIES. 854 00:38:15,276 --> 00:38:17,278 THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS WE DON'T 855 00:38:17,278 --> 00:38:19,080 UNDERSTAND ABOUT THE MICRO 856 00:38:19,080 --> 00:38:20,681 GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT AND ITS 857 00:38:20,681 --> 00:38:22,283 IMPACT ON THE HUMAN BODY. 858 00:38:22,283 --> 00:38:24,285 WE WANT TO FIGURE OUT THE 859 00:38:24,285 --> 00:38:25,987 BENEFICIAL EFFECTS THEY MAY HAVE 860 00:38:25,987 --> 00:38:33,527 ON HUMAN TISSUE FUNCTION. 861 00:38:33,527 --> 00:38:35,096 >> IF WE CAN FIND A WAY TO 862 00:38:35,096 --> 00:38:36,697 MAKE THESE TISSUES WILL IT BE 863 00:38:36,697 --> 00:38:39,467 ABLE TO CREATE ORGANS? 864 00:38:39,467 --> 00:38:41,068 I THINK KELSEY TALKED ABOUT THIS 865 00:38:41,068 --> 00:38:41,802 A LITTLE. 866 00:38:41,802 --> 00:38:44,572 THE IDEA IS CAN WE CREATE AN 867 00:38:44,572 --> 00:38:47,041 ENTIRE ORGAN? YOU WANT TO TAKE 868 00:38:47,041 --> 00:38:54,515 THAT ONE? 869 00:38:54,515 --> 00:38:57,218 >> EVENTUALLY, WE CAN'T MAKE A 870 00:38:57,218 --> 00:39:02,223 LIVER IN LAB NEXT MONTH. 871 00:39:02,223 --> 00:39:04,125 THINGS HAVE TO BE OPTIMIZED. 872 00:39:04,125 --> 00:39:05,960 HOW DO WE GET ENOUGH CELLS TO 873 00:39:05,960 --> 00:39:07,595 PRINT SOMETHING THAT LARGE, 874 00:39:07,595 --> 00:39:08,963 GROWING CELLS IS THE HURDLE 875 00:39:08,963 --> 00:39:13,167 THAT ♪ 876 00:39:13,167 --> 00:39:14,702 TO BE OVERCOME. 877 00:39:14,702 --> 00:39:17,271 NEXT POTENTIAL NASA CHALLENGE. 878 00:39:17,271 --> 00:39:19,540 IT CERTAINLY IS A FIRST STEP AND 879 00:39:19,540 --> 00:39:21,642 ONE OF THE NEXT GOALS IS TAKING 880 00:39:21,642 --> 00:39:23,944 IT AND -- AND POSSIBLY MOVING ON 881 00:39:23,944 --> 00:39:26,147 TO SOMETHING BIGGER THAN A 882 00:39:26,147 --> 00:39:30,618 CENTIMETER. 883 00:39:30,618 --> 00:39:32,553 >> ANYTHING TO ADD TO THAT? 884 00:39:32,553 --> 00:39:35,222 >> I'LL ECHO WHAT KELSEY SAID. 885 00:39:35,222 --> 00:39:37,691 A LOT OF WHAT WE'VE DONE HERE IS 886 00:39:37,691 --> 00:39:39,160 INCREMENTAL AND EXTREMELY 887 00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:39,660 IMPORTANT. 888 00:39:39,660 --> 00:39:41,829 THE NEXT STEP IS TO MAKE THE 889 00:39:41,829 --> 00:39:46,767 TISSUES BIGGER AND BETTER. 890 00:39:46,767 --> 00:39:49,870 THE ORGAN WITHES IN THE BODY ARE 891 00:39:49,870 --> 00:39:51,072 LARGER THAN THAT FOR THE MOST 892 00:39:51,072 --> 00:39:51,505 PART. 893 00:39:51,505 --> 00:39:54,008 IT WOULD BE A DREAM TO REPLICATE 894 00:39:54,008 --> 00:39:57,812 A TRULY ADULT HUMAN ORGAN 895 00:39:57,812 --> 00:39:59,380 OUTSIDE THE BODY. 896 00:39:59,380 --> 00:40:01,115 WE'RE NOT THERE YET BUT DOWN THE 897 00:40:01,115 --> 00:40:03,350 ROAD WE MAY BE. 898 00:40:03,350 --> 00:40:05,753 >> SAMMY ON FACEBOOK, ASKS, 899 00:40:05,753 --> 00:40:08,389 WHY DID YOU CHOOSE LIVER CELLS? 900 00:40:08,389 --> 00:40:10,558 >> I'LL THROW THAT TO KELSEY. 901 00:40:10,558 --> 00:40:12,126 I'M INTERESTED IN THE ANSWER TO 902 00:40:12,126 --> 00:40:12,827 THAT. 903 00:40:12,827 --> 00:40:14,728 WHY LIVER CELLS? 904 00:40:14,728 --> 00:40:16,097 >> THERE WAS A LOT OF TALK 905 00:40:16,097 --> 00:40:21,202 BETWEEN DIFFERENT SAMPLES. 906 00:40:21,202 --> 00:40:24,405 NASA HAD OUTLINED FIVE MAJOR 907 00:40:24,405 --> 00:40:26,507 DIFFERENT ORGAN TIMES THEY WOULD 908 00:40:26,507 --> 00:40:29,910 LIKE GROUPS TO LOOK AT, LIVER, 909 00:40:29,910 --> 00:40:33,514 KIDNEY, SKELETAL MUSCLE, HEART 910 00:40:33,514 --> 00:40:34,748 MUSCLE AND LUNG. 911 00:40:34,748 --> 00:40:36,750 I THINK ONE OF THE REASONS WE 912 00:40:36,750 --> 00:40:40,588 WANTED TO LOOK AT LIVER IT IS A 913 00:40:40,588 --> 00:40:43,457 LARGE SOLID ORGAN WHICH MEANS 914 00:40:43,457 --> 00:40:45,793 YOU CAN DEVELOP IT WITH 915 00:40:45,793 --> 00:40:48,929 RELATIVELY FEW REALLY TINY 916 00:40:48,929 --> 00:40:50,231 COMPONENTS THAT YOU HAVE TO GET 917 00:40:50,231 --> 00:40:50,731 IN. 918 00:40:50,731 --> 00:40:52,399 WITH LUNG, FOR EXAMPLE, YOU 919 00:40:52,399 --> 00:40:55,136 BUILD IN AN AIR LIQUID INTERFACE 920 00:40:55,136 --> 00:40:58,439 AND MUSCLE YOU WANT TO 921 00:40:58,439 --> 00:41:00,241 ELECTRICALLY STIMULATE IT. 922 00:41:00,241 --> 00:41:02,776 LIVER ACTS AS A FIRST STEP 923 00:41:02,776 --> 00:41:04,345 TOWARDS BEING ABLE TO MOVE TO 924 00:41:04,345 --> 00:41:09,550 THESE THAT MAY HAVE MORE 925 00:41:09,550 --> 00:41:11,819 CELLULARLY COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND 926 00:41:11,819 --> 00:41:14,922 SOMETHING CRITICAL IMPORTANT IS 927 00:41:14,922 --> 00:41:15,789 DEVASTATING TO MANY PEOPLE. 928 00:41:15,789 --> 00:41:17,258 IT IS AN IMPORTANT STEP AND SETS 929 00:41:17,258 --> 00:41:19,059 US UP FOR BEING ABLE TO SUCCEED 930 00:41:19,059 --> 00:41:20,561 WITH MORE COMPLICATED 931 00:41:20,561 --> 00:41:31,372 STRUCTURES. 932 00:41:31,372 --> 00:41:33,207 OUR BODIES ARE INCREDIBLE. 933 00:41:33,207 --> 00:41:34,775 ARE THERE ANY EXPERIMENTS 934 00:41:34,775 --> 00:41:36,644 RUNNING ON THE I.S.S. OR IN 935 00:41:36,644 --> 00:41:39,280 SPACE REGARDING VASCULARIZED 936 00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:48,989 TISSUE RIGHT NOW? 937 00:41:48,989 --> 00:41:50,558 >> RIGHT NOW, AS FAR AS I KNOW, 938 00:41:50,558 --> 00:41:52,927 THERE'S NOT VASCULARIZED TISSUE 939 00:41:52,927 --> 00:41:55,663 RUNNING ON STATION CURRENTLY. 940 00:41:55,663 --> 00:41:58,232 THAT MAY CHANGE SOON THANKS TO 941 00:41:58,232 --> 00:42:00,367 THE WORK OF KELSEY AND HER 942 00:42:00,367 --> 00:42:04,905 COLLEAGUES. 943 00:42:04,905 --> 00:42:07,975 IT HAS BEEN ON ANIMAL MODELS OR 944 00:42:07,975 --> 00:42:12,346 CELL SYSTEMS AND SOME ORGAN 945 00:42:12,346 --> 00:42:13,847 SYSTEMS AS WELL. 946 00:42:13,847 --> 00:42:16,016 VASCULARIZED TISSUE IS DIFFICULT 947 00:42:16,016 --> 00:42:16,684 TO CREATE. 948 00:42:16,684 --> 00:42:18,686 THIS PARTICULAR CHALLENGE WAS 949 00:42:18,686 --> 00:42:20,221 ADDRESSING THAT. 950 00:42:20,221 --> 00:42:22,256 CAN WE MAKE SOMETHING LIKE IT IN 951 00:42:22,256 --> 00:42:22,856 THE FIRST PLACE. 952 00:42:22,856 --> 00:42:24,225 THE NEXT STEP WILL BE 953 00:42:24,225 --> 00:42:25,960 TRANSPORTING TO THE STATION AND 954 00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:28,062 REALLY UTILIZING IT AS AN 955 00:42:28,062 --> 00:42:29,763 APPROPRIATE MODEL TO STUDY THE 956 00:42:29,763 --> 00:42:33,500 FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY. 957 00:42:33,500 --> 00:42:35,069 >> WE TALKED A LITTLE BIT 958 00:42:35,069 --> 00:42:37,204 ABOUT IT BEFORE, KELSEY, HOW IT 959 00:42:37,204 --> 00:42:39,573 COVID IMPACT YOUR TEAM'S 960 00:42:39,573 --> 00:42:44,778 PARTICIPATION IN THE CHALLENGE. 961 00:42:44,778 --> 00:42:47,248 THE JUDGES SAID YOU CAN'T COME 962 00:42:47,248 --> 00:42:48,983 OUT AND LOOK AT THE SAMPLE. 963 00:42:48,983 --> 00:42:50,618 HOW DID YOU OVERCOME IT 964 00:42:50,618 --> 00:42:54,255 UNPRECEDENTED CHALLENGE? 965 00:42:54,255 --> 00:42:55,756 >> COVID WAS A HURDLE. 966 00:42:55,756 --> 00:43:01,195 THEY SHUT DOWN FOR SEVERAL 967 00:43:01,195 --> 00:43:07,668 MONTHS AND WOULDN'T LET US IN. 968 00:43:07,668 --> 00:43:18,312 SOME OF US MAY HAVE SNUCK IN. 969 00:43:18,312 --> 00:43:20,714 IT GAVE US TIME FOR THE FINAL 970 00:43:20,714 --> 00:43:21,548 EXPERIMENT. 971 00:43:21,548 --> 00:43:23,217 WHAT YOU'RE SEEING HERE IS AN 972 00:43:23,217 --> 00:43:24,752 EXPERIMENT THAT WORKED WELL. 973 00:43:24,752 --> 00:43:26,220 THIS IS YEARS OF PROGRESSIVE 974 00:43:26,220 --> 00:43:29,123 FAILURE LEADING UP TO IT. 975 00:43:29,123 --> 00:43:30,791 YOU KNOW, LEARNING FROM WHAT 976 00:43:30,791 --> 00:43:31,859 DIDN'T WORK WELL TO MOVE 977 00:43:31,859 --> 00:43:32,259 FORWARD. 978 00:43:32,259 --> 00:43:34,495 IT GAVE US TIME TO SORT OF 979 00:43:34,495 --> 00:43:35,629 SYNTHESIZE ALL OF THAT TOGETHER 980 00:43:35,629 --> 00:43:39,566 AND COME UP WITH REALLY HOW WE 981 00:43:39,566 --> 00:43:41,402 WANTED TO TRY TO PUT THIS 982 00:43:41,402 --> 00:43:45,105 TOGETHER IN A REAL WORKING 983 00:43:45,105 --> 00:43:45,639 PROJECT. 984 00:43:45,639 --> 00:43:46,940 >> YOU RAISE AN EXCELLENT 985 00:43:46,940 --> 00:43:47,541 POINT. 986 00:43:47,541 --> 00:43:48,842 WE SPOKE ABOUT THIS WITH 987 00:43:48,842 --> 00:43:51,245 DR. SHARMA, WHERE IT SEEMS LIKE 988 00:43:51,245 --> 00:43:53,080 FIVE YEARS, THIS IS -- AT LEAST 989 00:43:53,080 --> 00:43:55,049 HIS PARTICIPATION AND THIS HAS 990 00:43:55,049 --> 00:44:05,959 BEEN AN ONGOING SORT OF FAILURE 991 00:44:05,959 --> 00:44:07,961 AFTER FAILURE BEFORE SOMETHING 992 00:44:07,961 --> 00:44:08,562 WORKS. 993 00:44:08,562 --> 00:44:09,997 ACHIEVING TAKES A LONG TIME. 994 00:44:09,997 --> 00:44:17,004 BUT IT IS WORTH IT IN THE END. 995 00:44:17,004 --> 00:44:18,572 WHAT SURPRISED YOU ABOUT YOUR 996 00:44:18,572 --> 00:44:19,206 RESULTS? 997 00:44:19,206 --> 00:44:21,675 WAS -- IT EVERYTHING GO AS 998 00:44:21,675 --> 00:44:23,177 EXPECTED OR WERE YOU KIND OF 999 00:44:23,177 --> 00:44:24,345 SURPRISED BY ANYTHING ABOUT THE 1000 00:44:24,345 --> 00:44:31,952 PROCESS? 1001 00:44:31,952 --> 00:44:33,387 >> WORKING WITH LIVING TISSUE, 1002 00:44:33,387 --> 00:44:34,822 NOTHING GOES LIKE YOU EXPECT IT 1003 00:44:34,822 --> 00:44:35,255 TO. 1004 00:44:35,255 --> 00:44:37,558 IT GOES DIFFERENT THAN WHAT YOU 1005 00:44:37,558 --> 00:44:38,892 THOUGHT IT WAS GOING TO DO. 1006 00:44:38,892 --> 00:44:40,461 ONE THING THAT WE WERE REALLY 1007 00:44:40,461 --> 00:44:41,929 EXCITED TO SEE WITH THESE 1008 00:44:41,929 --> 00:44:43,997 SAMPLES WAS THE FACT THAT THEY 1009 00:44:43,997 --> 00:44:44,932 AGGREGATED SO WELL. 1010 00:44:44,932 --> 00:44:47,868 IT MEANS THE CELLS CAME AND 1011 00:44:47,868 --> 00:44:49,203 INSTEAD OF BEING INDIVIDUAL 1012 00:44:49,203 --> 00:44:50,671 CELLS, THEY REALLY MERGED 1013 00:44:50,671 --> 00:44:59,913 TOGETHER INTO SOMETHING MOVING 1014 00:44:59,913 --> 00:45:01,849 TO AN ORGAN. 1015 00:45:01,849 --> 00:45:03,617 IT WAS CELLS COMING TOGETHER AND 1016 00:45:03,617 --> 00:45:05,352 MAKING A PRECURSOR TO TISSUE. 1017 00:45:05,352 --> 00:45:06,954 WHILE WE WERE EXPECTING SOME 1018 00:45:06,954 --> 00:45:08,355 AGGREGATION, I THINK WE SAW A 1019 00:45:08,355 --> 00:45:10,691 BIT MORE THAN WE WERE HOPING 1020 00:45:10,691 --> 00:45:11,225 FOR. 1021 00:45:11,225 --> 00:45:15,429 SO IT WAS REALLY GREAT THING TO 1022 00:45:15,429 --> 00:45:15,662 SEE. 1023 00:45:15,662 --> 00:45:19,867 >> GREAT. 1024 00:45:19,867 --> 00:45:21,301 THAT'S A GREAT PROBLEM. 1025 00:45:21,301 --> 00:45:22,603 I THINK PEOPLE ARE WONDERING, 1026 00:45:22,603 --> 00:45:24,471 FOR BOTH OF YOU, HOW YOU GOT 1027 00:45:24,471 --> 00:45:27,541 INTO IT LINE OF WORK. 1028 00:45:27,541 --> 00:45:29,209 SOMETIMES YOU FALL INTO IT. 1029 00:45:29,209 --> 00:45:30,477 SOMETIMES IT IS INTENTIONAL AND 1030 00:45:30,477 --> 00:45:31,712 SOMETIMES IT IS BOTH. 1031 00:45:31,712 --> 00:45:34,715 STARTING WITH YOU DR. SHARM PA, 1032 00:45:34,715 --> 00:45:36,984 HOW IT THIS LINE OF WORK BEGIN 1033 00:45:36,984 --> 00:45:37,851 FOR YOU? 1034 00:45:37,851 --> 00:45:42,923 >> RIGHT. 1035 00:45:42,923 --> 00:45:51,899 >> I ALWAYS HAD PASSION FOR 1036 00:45:51,899 --> 00:45:54,268 INTERSECTION WITH SCIENCE AND 1037 00:45:54,268 --> 00:45:55,469 SPACEFLIGHT. 1038 00:45:55,469 --> 00:45:59,406 PART OF IT IS A PURSUIT OF THE 1039 00:45:59,406 --> 00:46:00,174 UNKNOWN. 1040 00:46:00,174 --> 00:46:01,708 THERE'S A LOT WE DON'T FOE HOW 1041 00:46:01,708 --> 00:46:04,645 THE HUMAN BODY IS IMPACTED BY 1042 00:46:04,645 --> 00:46:05,946 MICRO GRAVITY. 1043 00:46:05,946 --> 00:46:08,148 WE'VE BEEN IF SPACE FOR A FEW 1044 00:46:08,148 --> 00:46:08,582 DECADES. 1045 00:46:08,582 --> 00:46:10,984 WE UNDERSTAND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL 1046 00:46:10,984 --> 00:46:13,220 CHANGES AT THE BODY LEVEL BUT AS 1047 00:46:13,220 --> 00:46:16,523 CELL BIOLOGIST, I'M INTERESTED 1048 00:46:16,523 --> 00:46:17,224 IN THE CELLS. 1049 00:46:17,224 --> 00:46:21,295 HOW ARE THE CELLS AND GENETICS, 1050 00:46:21,295 --> 00:46:23,464 IMPACTED BY SPACEFLIGHT. 1051 00:46:23,464 --> 00:46:29,470 RIGHT NOW WE'RE AT A GOLDEN AGE 1052 00:46:29,470 --> 00:46:34,908 IN ORDER TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 1053 00:46:34,908 --> 00:46:37,277 THE IMPACT OF MICRO GRAVITY ON 1054 00:46:37,277 --> 00:46:39,079 THE HUMAN BODY. 1055 00:46:39,079 --> 00:46:41,582 >> WHAT ABOUT YOU, KELSEY? 1056 00:46:41,582 --> 00:46:45,586 >> FOR ME, I'VE ALWAYS LOVED 1057 00:46:45,586 --> 00:46:47,521 PATH AND SCIENCE AND HOW IF 1058 00:46:47,521 --> 00:46:48,755 SOMETHING DOESN'T MAKE SENSE 1059 00:46:48,755 --> 00:46:51,358 THERE, YOU DIG DEEPER AND FIND A 1060 00:46:51,358 --> 00:46:53,093 FOUNDATIONAL THEOREM THAT TIES 1061 00:46:53,093 --> 00:46:54,061 IT ALL TOGETHER. 1062 00:46:54,061 --> 00:46:55,729 BEING ABLE TO TAKE THAT AND MOVE 1063 00:46:55,729 --> 00:47:01,201 IT TO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING WAS 1064 00:47:01,201 --> 00:47:04,538 A WAY TO BRING THAT IDEA INTO 1065 00:47:04,538 --> 00:47:06,039 SOMETHING THAT HELPED PEOPLE IF 1066 00:47:06,039 --> 00:47:07,975 A PRIMARY WAY. 1067 00:47:07,975 --> 00:47:09,910 SO MANY DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES 1068 00:47:09,910 --> 00:47:12,379 THESE DAYS HELP PEOPLE, IT WOULD 1069 00:47:12,379 --> 00:47:13,714 BE CRASS TO SAY THAT OTHER 1070 00:47:13,714 --> 00:47:15,215 GROUPS ARE NOT. 1071 00:47:15,215 --> 00:47:17,518 BUT WITH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 1072 00:47:17,518 --> 00:47:19,052 I COULD SEE THE PEOPLE I'M 1073 00:47:19,052 --> 00:47:20,187 HELPING DIRECTLY. 1074 00:47:20,187 --> 00:47:22,422 WITH REGARDS TO THIS PARTICULAR 1075 00:47:22,422 --> 00:47:24,625 PROJECT, ONE REASON I CAME BACK 1076 00:47:24,625 --> 00:47:26,493 TO GRADUATE SCHOOL WAS THAT I 1077 00:47:26,493 --> 00:47:29,062 REALLY THOUGHT BIOPRINTING WAS 1078 00:47:29,062 --> 00:47:30,864 ONE OF THE WAYS THAT WE COULD 1079 00:47:30,864 --> 00:47:32,833 SCALE UP THE SYSTEM AND ACTUALLY 1080 00:47:32,833 --> 00:47:40,440 GET IT TO PATIENTS. 1081 00:47:40,440 --> 00:47:43,810 I SPENT TIME DOING IMPLANTS BY 1082 00:47:43,810 --> 00:47:45,679 HAND AND I DIDN'T THINK THAT 1083 00:47:45,679 --> 00:47:48,749 WOULD GET TO PEOPLE, FOR THE IN 1084 00:47:48,749 --> 00:47:49,883 A LARGE SCALE WAY. 1085 00:47:49,883 --> 00:47:52,119 FOR THIS PROJECT, I CAN'T SPEAK 1086 00:47:52,119 --> 00:47:54,221 TO HOW THE OTHER TEAM MEMBERS 1087 00:47:54,221 --> 00:47:56,356 CAME ON BOARD, BUT FOR ME IT WAS 1088 00:47:56,356 --> 00:47:58,258 -- WHEN I SHOWED UP AT SCHOOL 1089 00:47:58,258 --> 00:48:00,093 AND SAID I WANTED TO WORK ON 1090 00:48:00,093 --> 00:48:03,931 BIOPRINTING, THE DOCTOR ASKED 1091 00:48:03,931 --> 00:48:05,332 WHAT SYSTEM. 1092 00:48:05,332 --> 00:48:07,334 I SAID YOU HAVE UNSOLVABLE 1093 00:48:07,334 --> 00:48:09,503 PROBLEM, I LIKE THOSE AND HE 1094 00:48:09,503 --> 00:48:10,871 GAVE ME THIS. 1095 00:48:10,871 --> 00:48:15,008 >> MY GOODNESS. 1096 00:48:15,008 --> 00:48:16,043 >> THAT'S FANTASTIC. 1097 00:48:16,043 --> 00:48:18,445 WE'RE ALL TRAINED TO DO OUR PART 1098 00:48:18,445 --> 00:48:20,380 AND WE TO IT IN THE BEST WAY WE 1099 00:48:20,380 --> 00:48:24,284 KNOW HOW. 1100 00:48:24,284 --> 00:48:25,986 HERE'S WHAT PEOPLE ARE THINKING, 1101 00:48:25,986 --> 00:48:29,923 MARK HOCKMEISTER ON FACEBOOK 1102 00:48:29,923 --> 00:48:32,159 SAID, COULD IT EXTEND OUR 1103 00:48:32,159 --> 00:48:44,071 LIFE-SPAN? 1104 00:48:44,071 --> 00:48:50,944 EITHER PERSON COULD SUMMER TO -- 1105 00:48:50,944 --> 00:48:52,779 COULD SPEAK TO THIS. 1106 00:48:52,779 --> 00:48:55,382 >> IF WE COULD HAVE 1107 00:48:55,382 --> 00:48:58,352 REPLACEMENT ORGANS OUTSIDE THE 1108 00:48:58,352 --> 00:48:58,885 BODY. 1109 00:48:58,885 --> 00:49:00,654 IF YOU YOU HAVE A FAILING LIVER 1110 00:49:00,654 --> 00:49:02,656 OR HEART YOU MAY BE ABLE TO 1111 00:49:02,656 --> 00:49:05,525 REPLACE IT ENTIRELY BY GROWING 1112 00:49:05,525 --> 00:49:07,761 PERSONALIZED ORGAN OUTSIDE THE 1113 00:49:07,761 --> 00:49:08,261 BODY. 1114 00:49:08,261 --> 00:49:10,263 THIS IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TO 1115 00:49:10,263 --> 00:49:14,501 MAKING THAT DREAM A REALITY. 1116 00:49:14,501 --> 00:49:19,172 >> I AGREE WITH DR. SHARMA. 1117 00:49:19,172 --> 00:49:20,040 I DON'T THINK THIS CONSTRUCT 1118 00:49:20,040 --> 00:49:21,642 WILL SAVE THE LIVES THE WAY IT 1119 00:49:21,642 --> 00:49:21,908 IS. 1120 00:49:21,908 --> 00:49:23,710 I'M REALLY EXCITED THAT IT IS -- 1121 00:49:23,710 --> 00:49:31,385 IT IS A STEP TOWARD MOVING TO 1122 00:49:31,385 --> 00:49:33,420 FULL ORGANS AND TREATMENT PLANS 1123 00:49:33,420 --> 00:49:34,621 THAT WOULD HELP WITH SAVING 1124 00:49:34,621 --> 00:49:35,288 PEOPLE. 1125 00:49:35,288 --> 00:49:36,256 >> I THINK WHAT WE'RE SAYING 1126 00:49:36,256 --> 00:49:38,358 TO MARK IS, LET'S GET THIS ON 1127 00:49:38,358 --> 00:49:40,060 THE I.S.S. AND WE'LL START 1128 00:49:40,060 --> 00:49:49,469 THERE. 1129 00:49:49,469 --> 00:49:51,138 >> WHAT ARE LIMITATIONS ON 1130 00:49:51,138 --> 00:49:51,938 CREATING TISSUE. 1131 00:49:51,938 --> 00:49:53,373 YOU COULD SPEAK TO THIS. 1132 00:49:53,373 --> 00:49:54,775 LIKE YOU SAID BEFORE, THIS IS A 1133 00:49:54,775 --> 00:49:56,043 PROCESS THAT TOOK YEARS IN THE 1134 00:49:56,043 --> 00:49:56,410 MAKING. 1135 00:49:56,410 --> 00:49:58,745 WHAT KIND OF -- I CAN'T IMAGINE 1136 00:49:58,745 --> 00:50:03,417 WHERE ONE BEGINS TO DO THE SORT 1137 00:50:03,417 --> 00:50:04,317 OF TASKS. 1138 00:50:04,317 --> 00:50:06,019 BUT WHAT LIMITATIONS EXIST WITH 1139 00:50:06,019 --> 00:50:10,590 YOUR TRYING TO START? 1140 00:50:10,590 --> 00:50:14,928 >> I CAN TAKE A STAB ATTA 1141 00:50:14,928 --> 00:50:15,395 QUESTION. 1142 00:50:15,395 --> 00:50:16,363 THERE'S QUITE A FEW. 1143 00:50:16,363 --> 00:50:18,031 THE FIRST ONE YOU START WITH IS 1144 00:50:18,031 --> 00:50:20,100 CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT THE 1145 00:50:20,100 --> 00:50:26,006 CELLS WILL BE HAPPY IN. 1146 00:50:26,006 --> 00:50:27,808 SO MANY FACTORS, DIFFERENT 1147 00:50:27,808 --> 00:50:29,810 STIFFNESSES, DIFFERENT CELLS 1148 00:50:29,810 --> 00:50:31,344 WITH DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF 1149 00:50:31,344 --> 00:50:32,913 CHEMICALS AND HELP STIMULATE 1150 00:50:32,913 --> 00:50:35,382 THEM AND MAKE THEM MATURE IN 1151 00:50:35,382 --> 00:50:36,149 CERTAIN WAYS. 1152 00:50:36,149 --> 00:50:38,218 FOR EXAMPLE IN THIS TISSUE, WE 1153 00:50:38,218 --> 00:50:39,686 USED TWO DIFFERENT CELL TYPES 1154 00:50:39,686 --> 00:50:50,130 AND THE CELLS, AND THE CELLS 1155 00:50:50,130 --> 00:50:52,966 NEED DIFFERENT FACTORS THAN 1156 00:50:52,966 --> 00:50:53,767 OTHER CELLS. 1157 00:50:53,767 --> 00:50:56,937 WE BLENDED MEDIUMS TOGETHER THAT 1158 00:50:56,937 --> 00:51:00,707 WOULD FEED BOTH AND KEEP THEM 1159 00:51:00,707 --> 00:51:01,475 FUNCTIONAL. 1160 00:51:01,475 --> 00:51:02,609 DEVELOPING A SYSTEM THAT CREATES 1161 00:51:02,609 --> 00:51:04,778 FLOW. 1162 00:51:04,778 --> 00:51:07,447 AS I ALLUDED TO EARLIER, YOUR 1163 00:51:07,447 --> 00:51:10,784 LIVER OR ANY ONE OF YOUR ORGANS 1164 00:51:10,784 --> 00:51:11,752 CONSISTS OF BILLIONS AND 1165 00:51:11,752 --> 00:51:14,955 BILLIONS OF CELLS. 1166 00:51:14,955 --> 00:51:16,423 BEING ABLE TO GROW BILLIONS OF 1167 00:51:16,423 --> 00:51:17,958 CELLS IN THE RAN IS REALLY 1168 00:51:17,958 --> 00:51:18,492 DIFFICULT. 1169 00:51:18,492 --> 00:51:20,660 BEING ABLE TO SCALE UP AND A 1170 00:51:20,660 --> 00:51:22,095 CREATE THAT NUMBER OF CELLS 1171 00:51:22,095 --> 00:51:26,199 WITHOUT YOU FOE, MONTHS OF 1172 00:51:26,199 --> 00:51:29,069 GROWTH PROTOCOLS OR -- OR 1173 00:51:29,069 --> 00:51:32,873 SCIENTIST LIKE ME GOING IN AND 1174 00:51:32,873 --> 00:51:34,674 FEEDING THEM EVERY COUPLE OF 1175 00:51:34,674 --> 00:51:36,710 DAYS WITH MEDIA IS AN IMPORTANT 1176 00:51:36,710 --> 00:51:48,155 THING WE NEED TO OVERCOME. 1177 00:51:48,155 --> 00:51:49,890 >> I THINK KELSEY IS TOTALLY 1178 00:51:49,890 --> 00:51:50,624 RIGHT HERE. 1179 00:51:50,624 --> 00:51:51,892 IN ADDITION TO THE ISSUES OF 1180 00:51:51,892 --> 00:51:53,827 FUNCTIONALITY AND SURVIVAL, ONE 1181 00:51:53,827 --> 00:51:56,029 THING THAT WE'RE STILL GRAPPLING 1182 00:51:56,029 --> 00:51:57,364 WITH NOW AND SOMETHING THAT 1183 00:51:57,364 --> 00:51:58,932 WASN'T REALLY ADDRESSED AT ALL 1184 00:51:58,932 --> 00:52:01,735 IN THIS PARTICULAR CHALLENGE WAS 1185 00:52:01,735 --> 00:52:04,070 APPROPRIATELY INTEGRATING THE 1186 00:52:04,070 --> 00:52:05,238 TISSUES INTO THE BODY. 1187 00:52:05,238 --> 00:52:07,374 IF WE WERE TO MAKE A LIVER 1188 00:52:07,374 --> 00:52:09,476 OUTSIDE OF THE BODY, HOW TO WE 1189 00:52:09,476 --> 00:52:11,244 INSURE THAT ONCE WE PUT IT BACK 1190 00:52:11,244 --> 00:52:12,846 IN THE BODY IT IS GOING TO 1191 00:52:12,846 --> 00:52:21,288 FUNCTION APPROPRIATELY AND 1192 00:52:21,288 --> 00:52:23,356 INTEGRATE WITH THE HOST. 1193 00:52:23,356 --> 00:52:24,958 THESE ARE CHALLENGING ISSUES 1194 00:52:24,958 --> 00:52:26,827 THAT KELSEY AND YOUR TEAM, 1195 00:52:26,827 --> 00:52:31,097 YOU'RE GOING TO BE BUSY FOR A 1196 00:52:31,097 --> 00:52:31,832 WHILE. 1197 00:52:31,832 --> 00:52:32,799 >> SOUNDS LIKE IT. 1198 00:52:32,799 --> 00:52:34,601 ROTS OF WORK AHEAD OF YOU. 1199 00:52:34,601 --> 00:52:38,471 BUT ALL GOOD STUFF. 1200 00:52:38,471 --> 00:52:40,707 WE'RE COMING TO A CLOSE, BUT I 1201 00:52:40,707 --> 00:52:42,542 WANT TO ASK QUESTIONS. 1202 00:52:42,542 --> 00:52:43,844 WHAT WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT 1203 00:52:43,844 --> 00:52:45,412 THING TO YOU ABOUT THIS 1204 00:52:45,412 --> 00:52:48,248 CHALLENGE? 1205 00:52:48,248 --> 00:52:50,617 WE TALKED ABOUT WHAT IT MEANT. 1206 00:52:50,617 --> 00:52:52,853 YOU TED INDICATED NEARLY FIVE 1207 00:52:52,853 --> 00:52:55,455 YEARS TO -- TO THIS. 1208 00:52:55,455 --> 00:53:07,334 WHY? 1209 00:53:07,334 --> 00:53:08,602 PART OF THE REASON YOU'RE 1210 00:53:08,602 --> 00:53:12,305 INTERESTED IN SCIENCE IS PERHAPS 1211 00:53:12,305 --> 00:53:15,308 YOU WANT TO MAKE BENEFIT TO 1212 00:53:15,308 --> 00:53:17,677 HUMAN HEALTH AND IMPROVE LIVES 1213 00:53:17,677 --> 00:53:18,645 DOWN THE ROAD. 1214 00:53:18,645 --> 00:53:21,147 I WAS A JUDGE AND NOT 1215 00:53:21,147 --> 00:53:23,583 PARTICIPATING BUT FOR ME AS A 1216 00:53:23,583 --> 00:53:26,386 JUDGE IT WAS REWARDING TO SEE 1217 00:53:26,386 --> 00:53:28,255 THE WORK THAT KELSEY AND HER 1218 00:53:28,255 --> 00:53:29,623 TEAMS AROUND THE COUNTRY WERE 1219 00:53:29,623 --> 00:53:31,424 DOING TO PERHAPS ADDRESS THIS 1220 00:53:31,424 --> 00:53:33,126 UNPET MEDICAL NEED OF 1221 00:53:33,126 --> 00:53:36,096 REPLACEMENT HUMAN ORGANS. 1222 00:53:36,096 --> 00:53:37,631 IT IS A VISION AND GOAL WE WANT 1223 00:53:37,631 --> 00:53:40,000 TO STRIVE FOR IN THE FIELD. 1224 00:53:40,000 --> 00:53:41,935 THAT'S WHY SOMETHING LIKE THIS 1225 00:53:41,935 --> 00:53:44,004 IS SO CRITICALLY IMPORTANT. 1226 00:53:44,004 --> 00:53:45,972 CHALLENGES LIKE THESE AND 1227 00:53:45,972 --> 00:53:47,307 EXPERIMENTS AND PROJECTS ARE 1228 00:53:47,307 --> 00:53:50,010 GOING TO MAKE THAT VISION A 1229 00:53:50,010 --> 00:53:51,144 REALITY DOWN THE ROAD. 1230 00:53:51,144 --> 00:53:53,546 IT WAS VERY REWARDING TO BE A 1231 00:53:53,546 --> 00:53:56,716 PART OF THIS. 1232 00:53:56,716 --> 00:53:58,018 >> I FELT THAT ONE. 1233 00:53:58,018 --> 00:53:59,319 THAT WAS A GREAT ANSWER. 1234 00:53:59,319 --> 00:54:03,223 WE'VE GOT A VERY PRACTICAL 1235 00:54:03,223 --> 00:54:04,391 PERSON ASKING THIS QUESTION. 1236 00:54:04,391 --> 00:54:07,227 WE'LL DO QUICK ANSWERS. 1237 00:54:07,227 --> 00:54:09,462 WHAT ADVICE WOULD YOU GIVE TO 1238 00:54:09,462 --> 00:54:11,498 FUTURE SOLVERS INTERESTED IN A 1239 00:54:11,498 --> 00:54:12,866 NASA CHALLENGE? 1240 00:54:12,866 --> 00:54:14,901 SO FROM BOTH THE PARTICIPANT 1241 00:54:14,901 --> 00:54:18,004 SIDE AND ALSO THE JUDGE'S SIDE, 1242 00:54:18,004 --> 00:54:19,739 QUICK ANSWERS, LET'S START WITH 1243 00:54:19,739 --> 00:54:20,807 THE ROOM. 1244 00:54:20,807 --> 00:54:22,709 >> WELL, I WOULD SAY A 1245 00:54:22,709 --> 00:54:25,512 PASSION FOR THE FIELD, A PASSION 1246 00:54:25,512 --> 00:54:26,746 FOR WHAT YOU'RE DOING. 1247 00:54:26,746 --> 00:54:29,182 YOU DON'T NECESSARILY HAVE TO BE 1248 00:54:29,182 --> 00:54:31,418 DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN SPACE 1249 00:54:31,418 --> 00:54:32,085 SCIENCE. 1250 00:54:32,085 --> 00:54:34,220 I THINK BEING PASSIONATE ABOUT 1251 00:54:34,220 --> 00:54:36,456 ENGINEERING AND BIOLOGY IS 1252 00:54:36,456 --> 00:54:38,625 CRITICALLY IMPORTANT FOR SUCCESS 1253 00:54:38,625 --> 00:54:40,627 IN THIS CHALLENGE AND FUTURE 1254 00:54:40,627 --> 00:54:48,234 CHALLENGES LIKE IT. 1255 00:54:48,234 --> 00:54:50,537 >> I AGREE WITH DR. SHARMA, 1256 00:54:50,537 --> 00:54:51,771 PASSION IS ONE OF THE MOST 1257 00:54:51,771 --> 00:54:52,672 IMPORTANT THINGS. 1258 00:54:52,672 --> 00:54:54,107 LEARNING HOW TO GIVE UP SLEEP 1259 00:54:54,107 --> 00:54:56,009 FOR A WHILE IS PROBABLY ALSO 1260 00:54:56,009 --> 00:54:57,077 PRETTY CRITICAL. 1261 00:54:57,077 --> 00:54:59,879 MAKE SURE YOU GET ALL OF THE 1262 00:54:59,879 --> 00:55:01,381 ASSAYS DONE AND GET EVERYTHING 1263 00:55:01,381 --> 00:55:04,184 TURNED IN ON TIME. 1264 00:55:04,184 --> 00:55:06,119 >> THAT'S -- I APPRECIATE 1265 00:55:06,119 --> 00:55:09,122 YOUR REALISM THERE. 1266 00:55:09,122 --> 00:55:10,924 WELL ON THAT NOTE, THAT'S ALL 1267 00:55:10,924 --> 00:55:12,926 THE TIME WE HAVE FOR TODAY. 1268 00:55:12,926 --> 00:55:13,960 THANK YOU SO MUCH TO YOU 1269 00:55:13,960 --> 00:55:17,263 DR. SHARMA FOR BEING HERE. 1270 00:55:17,263 --> 00:55:17,931 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR 1271 00:55:17,931 --> 00:55:19,199 HAVING ME. 1272 00:55:19,199 --> 00:55:20,500 >> AND CONGRATULATIONS, 1273 00:55:20,500 --> 00:55:23,236 AGAIN, KELSEY AND TO YOUR ENTIRE 1274 00:55:23,236 --> 00:55:23,803 TEAM. 1275 00:55:23,803 --> 00:55:26,473 CONGRATULATIONS. 1276 00:55:26,473 --> 00:55:27,340 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 1277 00:55:27,340 --> 00:55:29,142 I'M HONORED TO BE HERE AS 1278 00:55:29,142 --> 00:55:31,111 REPRESENTATIVE AND BEEN A MAJOR 1279 00:55:31,111 --> 00:55:34,714 TEAM EFFORT, VERY EXCITING TO BE 1280 00:55:34,714 --> 00:55:37,017 HONORED IN SUCH A WAY. 1281 00:55:37,017 --> 00:55:38,485 >> ABSOLUTELY. 1282 00:55:38,485 --> 00:55:43,823 SO TODAY WE LEARNED ALL ABOUT 1283 00:55:43,823 --> 00:55:47,360 VASCULARIZED HUMAN TISSUE. 1284 00:55:47,360 --> 00:55:51,865 WE MET SCIENTISTS TO MAKE 1285 00:55:51,865 --> 00:55:55,902 VASCULARIZED TISSUE IN A LAB. 1286 00:55:55,902 --> 00:55:57,570 WE LEARNED ABOUT THIS ONERATE 1287 00:55:57,570 --> 00:55:59,472 AND SPACE AND NOW IMAGINE THE 1288 00:55:59,472 --> 00:56:01,541 POSSIBILITY FOR WHAT IS NEXT. 1289 00:56:01,541 --> 00:56:04,210 WE ANNOUNCED THE JUDGES HAVE 1290 00:56:04,210 --> 00:56:05,945 CONFIRMED SECOND PLACE WINNER, 1291 00:56:05,945 --> 00:56:08,648 TEAM W FIRM FOR THE WAKE FOREST 1292 00:56:08,648 --> 00:56:10,617 INSTITUTE OF REGENERATIVE 1293 00:56:10,617 --> 00:56:11,885 MEDICINE HAS TAKEN THE SECOND 1294 00:56:11,885 --> 00:56:14,854 PLACE PRIZE, WINNING 100,000 1295 00:56:14,854 --> 00:56:15,455 DOLLARS. 1296 00:56:15,455 --> 00:56:18,091 NOT TOO SHABBY. 1297 00:56:18,091 --> 00:56:19,092 CONGRATULATIONS TO TEAM. 1298 00:56:19,092 --> 00:56:21,127 YOU COULD LEARN MORE ABOUT THEM 1299 00:56:21,127 --> 00:56:23,730 AND OTHER COMPETITORS IN THE 1300 00:56:23,730 --> 00:56:26,332 CHALLENGE DURING A VIRTUAL LIVE 1301 00:56:26,332 --> 00:56:29,002 SUMMIT COMING IN AUGUST. 1302 00:56:29,002 --> 00:56:33,206 FOLLOW ON TWITTER AND INSTAGRAM 1303 00:56:33,206 --> 00:56:35,208 FOR DETAILS COMING SOON. 1304 00:56:35,208 --> 00:56:37,377 THIS CHALLENGE IS ONE OF PANING 1305 00:56:37,377 --> 00:56:38,578 FOR ON NOW. 1306 00:56:38,578 --> 00:56:40,713 CROWD SOURCING IDEA THROUGH 1307 00:56:40,713 --> 00:56:41,981 COMPETITIONS IS ONE OF THE MANY 1308 00:56:41,981 --> 00:56:44,851 WAYS THAT NASA ADVANCES 1309 00:56:44,851 --> 00:56:45,919 TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLVES 1310 00:56:45,919 --> 00:56:46,486 PROBLEMS. 1311 00:56:46,486 --> 00:56:48,154 SOME CHALLENGE, SOME OF THE 1312 00:56:48,154 --> 00:56:49,389 CHALLENGES GOING ON RIGHT NOW 1313 00:56:49,389 --> 00:56:54,060 WITH THE DEEP FAITH FOOD 1314 00:56:54,060 --> 00:56:56,229 CHALLENGE, BREAK THE ICE 1315 00:56:56,229 --> 00:56:57,864 CHALLENGE AND SO MUCH MORE. 1316 00:56:57,864 --> 00:56:59,165 SEE ALL OF THESE OPPORTUNITIES 1317 00:56:59,165 --> 00:57:00,867 FOR HOW YOU COULD GET INVOLVED 1318 00:57:00,867 --> 00:57:03,153 AT NASA.GOV/SOLVE 1319 00:57:03,153 --> 00:57:05,305 FOR NASA SCIENCE LIVE, 1320 00:57:05,305 --> 00:57:08,425 I'M YOUR HOST, LAUREN WARD.