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>> EARTH, HOME, OF ALL OF TO THE

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PLANETS NASA EXPLORED NONE HAVE

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MATCHED THE DYNAMIC COMPLEXITY

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OF OUR OWN.

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DESERTS AND TROPICAL FORESTS.

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MASSIVE STORMS ON LANGUAGE AND

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OCEAN.

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LIQUID WATERS EXPANDING PASS THE

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SURFACE.

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A BALANCE GIVES WAY TO A

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KALEIDOSCOPE OF LIGHTS.

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EARTH, IS A VERY SPECIAL PLACE.

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FROM THE VANTAGE POINT OF SPACE

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THE PROSPECTIVE OF SKY AND SEA

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AND ACROSS THE LAND WE STUDY OUR

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PLANET NOT JUST TO LEARN ABOUT

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IT BUT TO PROTECT IT.

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>> HELLO, EVERYONE.

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WELCOME TO ANOTHER EPISODE OF

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NASA SCIENCE LIVE.

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I'M YOUR HOST DR. KIMBERLY

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MINER.

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THIS YEAR EARTH DAY IS ABOUT

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CONNECTION.

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OUR PLANET IS HOME TO OVER 7

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BILLION PEOPLE OF DIVERSE

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BACKGROUNDS AND EXPERIENCES.

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WE ARE ALL CONNECTED BY EARTH.

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NASA EARTH SCIENCE SHOWS US THE

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WAYS THE NATURAL SYSTEM LIKE

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LAND, WATER, AIR, AND ICE

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CONNECTS TO AND EFFECT EACH

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OTHER AND OUR CLIMATE.

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EARTH'S CLIMATE IS CHANGING AND

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SINCE THE MID 20th CENTURY WE

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KNOW HUMAN ACTIVITY HAS BEEN

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DRIVING THE CHANGE.

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TODAY, WE'LL EXPLORE HOW NASA

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STUDIES CLIMATE CHANGE AND HOW

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THE INFORMATION IS USED

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WORLDWIDE.

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LET'S START WITH THE BASICS,

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WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?

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I'M HERE WITH DR. DR. LESLEY

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OTT AND EQUISHA GLENN.

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WE WILL BREAK ALL OF THIS DOWN.

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LESSLEY AND EQUISHA THANK YOU

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FOR BEING HERE TODAY.

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>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

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>> WE'LL START WITH YOU LESLEY,

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WHAT IS CLIMATE?

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>> CLIMATE IS THE LONG-TERM

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AVERAGE OF WEATHER.

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SO, SAY YOU HAVE A FRIEND

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THINKING OF MOVING TO YOUR CITY

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FROM OUT-OF-STATE AND THEY MIGHT

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ASK WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE BUT

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THEY MEAN WHAT IS THE CLIMATE

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LIKE.

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HOW MANY DAYS DOES IT RAIN?

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WHEN DOES IT SNOW IN THE WINTER?

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THOSE ARE BASIC PIECES OF

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INFORMATION THAT EFFECT OUR

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LIVES EVERYDAY AND THOSE ARE

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SOME OF THE REASONS SCIENTIST

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LIKE US ARE SO CONCERNED WHEN WE

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SEE CLIMATE IS CHANGING.

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>> RIGHT, NOW THE REASON WHY

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CLIMATE CHANGE IS A CAUSE FOR

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CONCERN IS BECAUSE OF THE RATE

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OF CHANGE IN THESE BASELINE

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AVERAGE WEATHER CONDITIONS THAT

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ARE BEING REPORTED BY CITIES ALL

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OVER THE WORLD.

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>> OKAY, INTERESTING.

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EQUISHA, WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?

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>> HUMAN ACTIVITY.

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C 02 EMISSIONS ARE RELEASED AT

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AN UNPRECEDENTED RATE.

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THIS IS A TIME PAN OVER 66

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MILLION YEARS.

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WE HAVE A LARGE INFLUX OF CARBON

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DIOXIDE THAT'S A GREENHOUSE

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GASES THAT'S TRAPPING AND

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ABSORBING RADIATION AND DRIVING

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TEMPERATURE CHANGE AT A RAPID

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RATE.

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>> OKAY, THANK YOU FOR THE GREAT

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EXPLANATIONS YOU GUYS.

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I KNOW I HAVE MORE QUESTIONS AND

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SO DO THOSE AT HOME.

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REMEMBER, YOU CAN JOIN

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CONVERSATION BY WRITING IN THE

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COMMENT BOX OR USE #ASKNASA ON

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SOCIAL MEDIA.

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FIRST, LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT HOW

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NASA IS STUDYING CARBON DIOXIDE

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AND HOW IT EFFECTS OUR WEATHER

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AND CLIMATE ON EARTH.

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>> THE ATMOSPHERE IS A MIX OF

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GASES.

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SOME ARE KNOWN AS GREENHOUSE

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GASES.

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THEY TRAP HEAT FROM THE SUN AND

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WARM THE EARTH.

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THAT'S GOOD.

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WITHOUT THESE GASES OUR PLANET

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WOULD FREEZE AND LIFE WOULD BE

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IMPOSSIBLE.

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THESE GASES NATURALLY CYCLE

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BETWEEN THE LAND AND ATMOSPHERE

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AND OVER THE AGES THEY REACH A

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DELICATE BALANCE OF THE

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TEMPERATURES WE LIKE, A LOT.

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IT'S BEEN THAT WAY FOR THOUSANDS

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OF YEARS.

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THIS IS UNTIL THE LAST 150

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YEARS.

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THAT'S WHEN PEOPLE BURNED FOSSIL

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FUELS.

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COAL, OIL, AND NATURAL GAS

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CONTAINS CARBON THAT'S BEEN

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LOOKED AWAY FOR EONS.

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WHEN THEY ARE BURNED THEY

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PRODUCE CARBON AND THROW THE

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NATURAL BALANCE OUT OF WACK.

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THE MORE CARBON THE MORE HEAT IS

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TRAPPED.

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THE WARMER IT GETS THE MORE THE

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CLIMATE CHANGES AND THE HIGHER

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THE TEMPERATURE WILL RISE.

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THE MORE WE LEARN ABOUT CARBON

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DIOXIDE AND OTHER GASES THE

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BETTER WE CAN DEAL WITH THE

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BECAUSE

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GOOD PLANETS ARE HARD TO FIND.

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>> NASA STUDY'S EARTH'S CLIMATE

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SO CLOSELY WE HAVE A CLIMATE

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ADVISER.

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NASA PROVIDES REAL DATA ABOUT

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OUR CLIMATE.

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LET'S HEAR FROM THE CLIMATE

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ADVISER NOW.

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>> I'M NASA SENIOR CLIMATE

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ADVISER AND I BRING NASA'S

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CLIMATE TO THE PUBLIC AND TALK

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ABOUT HOW TO SAVE THE PLANET.

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I HAVE BEEN WITH NASA FOR MORE

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THAN 25 YEARS.

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I USE DATA TO UNDERSTAND THE

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PATH, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF

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CLIMATE CHANGE.

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CLIMATE CHANGE IS ONE OF THE

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MOST COMPLEX ISSUES.

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IT'S A GLOBAL PROBLEM AND ONE

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THAT WILL BE AROUND FOR DECADES

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AND CENTURIES TO COME.

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JUST AS YOUR DOCTOR CHECKS YOUR

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HEALTH BY MONITORING YOUR

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TEMPERATURE AND OTHER VITAL

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SIGNS, AT NASA WE KEEP AN EYE ON

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THE EARTH'S VITAL SIGNS.

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WE LOOK AT SEA LEVEL RISE, ICE

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SHEETS, AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN

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THE AIR.

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THANKS TO EARTH SCIENCE, WE KNOW

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OUR PLANET AND CLIMATE ARE

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CHANGING.

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BASED ON THE EVIDENCE FROM THE

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OCEAN TO UPPER ATMOSPHERE WE

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ALSO KNOW HUMAN ACTIVITIES ARE

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DRIVING THIS CHANGE.

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AS OUR PLANET TEMPERATURE RISES

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THAT WILL IMPACT WEATHER

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EXTREMES MEANING MORE EXTREME

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HEAT WAVES, WILDFIRES, AND

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HURRICANE SEASONS.

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MANY ISSUES HAVE BEEN MADE

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WORSE.

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I HOPE TO HELP DECISION-MAKERS

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FIND A WAY TO MOVE TOWARDS A

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MORE CLIMATE SECURE FUTURE FOR

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US AND OUR CHILDREN.

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NOW WE ARE BACK WITH LESLEY AND

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EQUISHA.

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>> HOW IS THIS SHOWING THE

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CONNECT BETWEEN HUMANS AND

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CLIMATE CHANGE.

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>> BEFORE WE HAD SATELLITES WE

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HAD MONITORS ACROSS THE EARTH.

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IT COULD TELL US HOW THINGS WERE

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CHANGING.

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IN 2014 NASA LAUNCHED THE FIRST

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DEDICATED CARBON DIOXIDE

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MISSION.

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SINCE THEN, WE HAVE BEEN GETTING

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BEAUTIFUL MAPS THAT FILL IN THE

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HOLES WE HAD WHEN WE HAD THE

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HANDFUL A FEW YEARS AGO.

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THIS GIVES US SO MUCH

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INFORMATION ABOUT HUMAN

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EMISSIONS BUT WHEREON THE LAND

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AND OCEAN CARBON DIOXIDE IS

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ABSORBED.

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THE OCEAN AND LANDS PLAY A BIG

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ROLE IN OMITTING CLIMATE

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CONTROL.

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WE LEARN SO MUCH MORE ABOUT HOW

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CARBON DIOXIDE IS CHANGING

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ACROSS THE GLOBE ON THIS

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SATELLITE VIEW.

212
00:09:17,273 --> 00:09:20,509
>> AMAZING.

213
00:09:20,509 --> 00:09:28,317
WONDERFUL SATELLITE IMAGES.

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EQUISHA TELL US ABOUT HOW HIGH

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IT CHANGES OUR WEATHER AS FAR AS

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HURRICANES AND OTHER IF A NO,

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MA'AM MONOS.

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>> SOME PLACES GET DRYER AND

219
00:09:44,233 --> 00:09:47,903
OTHERS GET WETTER.

220
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FIRE SEASONS CAN SHIFT.

221
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THEY CAN STARTED EARLY OR MIGHT

222
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BE LONGER.

223
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WE ALSO HAVE CHANGES WITHIN THE

224
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SEASONS THEMSELVES.

225
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WE COULD GET LESS SNOW DURING

226
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WINTER.

227
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WITH THAT I THINK OF NEW YORK

228
00:10:04,120 --> 00:10:04,854
CITY.

229
00:10:04,854 --> 00:10:06,856
I WAS BORN AND RAISED IN

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NEW YORK CITY.

231
00:10:07,890 --> 00:10:09,725
AS A KID, I REMEMBER TREKKING

232
00:10:09,725 --> 00:10:11,060
THROUGH SNOW.

233
00:10:11,060 --> 00:10:12,461
THERE WAS ALWAYS SNOW THROUGHOUT

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THE WINTER.

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IT WAS A PICTURE PERFECT SNOWY

236
00:10:18,634 --> 00:10:20,069
WONDERLAND.

237
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AS TIME HAS GONE ON I REALIZED

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THAT WE DON'T SEEM TO HAVE AS

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00:10:24,140 --> 00:10:29,612
MUCH SNOW THROUGHOUT THE SEASON.

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ESPECIALLY IN RESENT YEARS WE

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HAVE SEVERE EVENTS.

242
00:10:34,784 --> 00:10:41,257
WE GET A HEAVY SNOWFALL EVENT

243
00:10:41,257 --> 00:10:46,062
DUMPED ON US AND THAT'S IT.

244
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>> THANK YOU, THAT WAS AN

245
00:10:47,263 --> 00:10:49,098
AWESOME EXAMPLE.

246
00:10:49,098 --> 00:10:51,233
IT'S EARTH DAY AND NASA WILL BE

247
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LAUNCHING ASTRONAUTS TO SPACE

248
00:10:53,369 --> 00:10:54,370
TOMORROW.

249
00:10:54,370 --> 00:10:57,206
THEY HAVE A UNIQUE PROSPECTIVE

250
00:10:57,206 --> 00:10:59,742
OF OUR HOME PLANET AND FEW GET

251
00:10:59,742 --> 00:11:01,477
TO EXPERIENCE IT.

252
00:11:01,477 --> 00:11:04,814
LET'S HEAR ABOUT IT.

253
00:11:04,814 --> 00:11:07,583
>> WHEN YOU LOOKOUT INTO TO THE

254
00:11:07,583 --> 00:11:11,020
DEPTHS OF SPACE YOU REALIZE A

255
00:11:11,020 --> 00:11:12,788
VAST OCEAN OF DARKNESS.

256
00:11:12,788 --> 00:11:15,891
WE ARE ON THIS LITTLE ISLAND.

257
00:11:15,891 --> 00:11:17,927
WITHOUT A DOUBT, WHEN YOU ARE

258
00:11:17,927 --> 00:11:20,262
CLIMBING ON YOUR ROCKET AND

259
00:11:20,262 --> 00:11:22,698
LAUNCHING INTO SPACE.

260
00:11:22,698 --> 00:11:24,834
ABSOLUTELY EVERY SACRIFICE IS

261
00:11:24,834 --> 00:11:25,735
WORTH IT.

262
00:11:25,735 --> 00:11:27,970
THE ENTIRE ROAD IS WORTH IT.

263
00:11:27,970 --> 00:11:29,505
EVERY BIT IS WORTH IT.

264
00:11:29,505 --> 00:11:36,278
>> I DID ALMOST, AGGRIEVED ME

265
00:11:36,278 --> 00:11:38,314
WHEN I THINK ABOUT HOW WILL I

266
00:11:38,314 --> 00:11:43,252
DESCRIBE THIS.

267
00:11:43,252 --> 00:11:46,188
>> I WILL NEVER FORGET THE SITE,

268
00:11:46,188 --> 00:11:49,458
THE THIN BLUE LINE OF THE CURVE

269
00:11:49,458 --> 00:11:51,060
OF THE HORIZON.

270
00:11:51,060 --> 00:11:59,869
THAT'S WHEN IT BECAME REALLY.

271
00:11:59,869 --> 00:12:01,904
>> ALL LIFE IS CONNECTED ON THIS

272
00:12:01,904 --> 00:12:05,441
PLANET AND EVERYTHING I DO IS IN

273
00:12:05,441 --> 00:12:07,376
ONE WAY OR ANOTHER EFFECTING

274
00:12:07,376 --> 00:12:09,011
SOMEONE ELSE THAT I SHARE A

275
00:12:09,011 --> 00:12:14,583
PLANET WITH.

276
00:12:14,583 --> 00:12:15,918
>> THE MOST SIGNIFICANT

277
00:12:15,918 --> 00:12:18,020
REALIZATION WAS LOOKING OUT AND

278
00:12:18,020 --> 00:12:21,190
REALIZING HOW FAR I WAS AT EARTH

279
00:12:21,190 --> 00:12:25,027
BUT HOW CONNECTED I WAS AT

280
00:12:25,027 --> 00:12:26,362
EARTH.

281
00:12:26,362 --> 00:12:29,799
>> I'D GIVE A LOT TO SEE THAT

282
00:12:29,799 --> 00:12:34,570
VIEW AGAIN.

283
00:12:34,570 --> 00:12:37,306
>> INCREDIBLE, GOODNESS.

284
00:12:37,306 --> 00:12:43,979
WE ARE BACK WITH LESLEY AND

285
00:12:43,979 --> 00:12:46,816
EQUISHA.

286
00:12:46,816 --> 00:12:49,652
WRITE-IN THE COMMENT BOX

287
00:12:49,652 --> 00:12:51,187
WHEREVER YOU ARE WATCHING THIS

288
00:12:51,187 --> 00:12:54,223
OR USE THE HASHTAG #ASKNASA.

289
00:12:54,223 --> 00:12:55,658
LET'S START GOING THROUGH THE

290
00:12:55,658 --> 00:12:56,559
QUESTIONS.

291
00:12:56,559 --> 00:12:57,560
THE FIRST QUESTION IS FROM

292
00:12:57,560 --> 00:13:00,830
BOOKWORM ON TWITTER WHO ASKED,

293
00:13:00,830 --> 00:13:02,932
HOW MUCH TIME IS LEFT FOR HUMANS

294
00:13:02,932 --> 00:13:07,503
TO SEE DRASTIC EFFECTS DIRECTLY?

295
00:13:07,503 --> 00:13:10,639
EQUISHA, WILL YOU START US OFF?

296
00:13:10,639 --> 00:13:12,408
>> HOW MUCH TIME BEFORE WE SEE

297
00:13:12,408 --> 00:13:16,178
EFFECTS -- I'M TRYING TO SEE IN

298
00:13:16,178 --> 00:13:17,580
WHAT CONTEXT.

299
00:13:17,580 --> 00:13:19,815
CAN YOU REPEAT THE QUESTION.

300
00:13:19,815 --> 00:13:22,051
I'D LIKE TO MAKE SURE I ANSWER

301
00:13:22,051 --> 00:13:23,252
THIS CORRECTLY.

302
00:13:23,252 --> 00:13:25,688
>> HOW MUCH TIME BEFORE WE SEE

303
00:13:25,688 --> 00:13:31,260
DRASTIC.

304
00:13:31,260 --> 00:13:42,004
WE HAVE MORE HURRICANES.

305
00:13:42,004 --> 00:13:43,839
>> OH, YES.

306
00:13:43,839 --> 00:13:47,376
WE ARE ALL RIGHT SEEING THOSE.

307
00:13:47,376 --> 00:13:48,978
CITIES ACROSS THE WORLD FAR

308
00:13:48,978 --> 00:13:52,348
REPORTING DIFFERENCES IN SUCH AN

309
00:13:52,348 --> 00:13:54,984
EXTREME TEMPERATURES.

310
00:13:54,984 --> 00:13:57,419
EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS. A

311
00:13:57,419 --> 00:13:59,421
LOT MORE FLASH FLOODING.

312
00:13:59,421 --> 00:14:01,257
WE ARE SEEING A LOT OF THOSE

313
00:14:01,257 --> 00:14:05,628
CHANGES HAPPENING NOW.

314
00:14:05,628 --> 00:14:08,664
>> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY.

315
00:14:08,664 --> 00:14:10,266
>> WE HAVE TWO SIMILAR QUESTIONS

316
00:14:10,266 --> 00:14:17,339
ABOUT THE SUN INFLUENCE FOR YOU,

317
00:14:17,339 --> 00:14:20,075
LESLEY, TWO PEOPLE WOULD LIKE TO

318
00:14:20,075 --> 00:14:22,011
KNOW IF WE ACCOUNT FOR SUN

319
00:14:22,011 --> 00:14:30,920
CYCLES IN HISTORY.

320
00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:32,655
HOW DO WE KNOW THE SUN IS NOT

321
00:14:32,655 --> 00:14:34,690
JUST BURNING HOTTER.

322
00:14:34,690 --> 00:14:36,191
>> THIS IS A QUESTION WE GET

323
00:14:36,191 --> 00:14:37,526
ASKED A LOT.

324
00:14:37,526 --> 00:14:38,827
WE HAVE A LOT OF INFORMATION TO

325
00:14:38,827 --> 00:14:41,764
BACK THIS UP.

326
00:14:41,764 --> 00:14:44,333
FIRST, THERE IS GREAT WORK DONE

327
00:14:44,333 --> 00:14:46,936
BY CLIMATE MODELERS.

328
00:14:46,936 --> 00:14:56,345
SOME ARE IN NEW YORK AT EQUISHA

329
00:14:56,345 --> 00:14:58,981
GLENN'S LAB.

330
00:14:58,981 --> 00:15:02,251
COULD IT BE SOLAR CYCLES OR

331
00:15:02,251 --> 00:15:07,623
CHANGES DUE TO VOLCANIC AEROSOL.

332
00:15:07,623 --> 00:15:09,858
CAN WE EXPLAIN THE CHANGES

333
00:15:09,858 --> 00:15:12,828
THROUGH NATURAL MEANS.

334
00:15:12,828 --> 00:15:14,563
WE REALIZE NONE OF THE CHANGES

335
00:15:14,563 --> 00:15:17,166
CAN MATCH UP TO THE DRAMATIC AND

336
00:15:17,166 --> 00:15:19,602
ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE WE ARE

337
00:15:19,602 --> 00:15:20,636
SEEING.

338
00:15:20,636 --> 00:15:24,073
WHEN WE ADD IN GREENHOUSE GAS

339
00:15:24,073 --> 00:15:27,710
FORCING WE CAN EXPLAIN VERY

340
00:15:27,710 --> 00:15:30,245
CLEARLY WHAT WE ARE SEEING.

341
00:15:30,245 --> 00:15:31,480
THE SECOND WAY WE KNOW THIS IS

342
00:15:31,480 --> 00:15:35,117
NOT SOLAR CYCLES OR A NATURAL

343
00:15:35,117 --> 00:15:36,752
EXPLANATION.

344
00:15:36,752 --> 00:15:39,588
GREENHOUSE GAS LEAVES A UNIQUE

345
00:15:39,588 --> 00:15:41,223
FINGERPRINT.

346
00:15:41,223 --> 00:15:42,758
WHEN WE HAVE GREENHOUSE GAS

347
00:15:42,758 --> 00:15:44,560
CLOSE TO THE SURFACE THE LOWER

348
00:15:44,560 --> 00:15:46,495
PART OF THE ATMOSPHERE GETS

349
00:15:46,495 --> 00:15:48,530
WARMER AND THE HEAT IS TRAPPED

350
00:15:48,530 --> 00:15:50,666
WHERE WE LIVE AND THE TOP PART

351
00:15:50,666 --> 00:15:52,067
GETS COOLER.

352
00:15:52,067 --> 00:15:55,638
NOT ONLY DO WE KNOW FROM CLIMATE

353
00:15:55,638 --> 00:15:58,273
MODELS SHOWING THAT WE HAVE

354
00:15:58,273 --> 00:15:59,475
CLIMATE CHANGE.

355
00:15:59,475 --> 00:16:02,011
WE HAVE OTHER OBSERVATIONS THAT

356
00:16:02,011 --> 00:16:03,846
THIS IS THE SIGNATURE THAT'S

357
00:16:03,846 --> 00:16:05,481
CONSISTENT WITH THE GREENHOUSE

358
00:16:05,481 --> 00:16:09,018
GASES AND NOT THE ALTERNATIVE

359
00:16:09,018 --> 00:16:10,419
EXPLANATIONS.

360
00:16:10,419 --> 00:16:12,187
>> I THINK OF A SLEEPING BAG

361
00:16:12,187 --> 00:16:14,189
WHEN I THINK ABOUT THE WAY IT

362
00:16:14,189 --> 00:16:16,625
INSULATES THE INSIDE AND COOLER

363
00:16:16,625 --> 00:16:18,961
ON THE OUTSIDE.

364
00:16:18,961 --> 00:16:21,030
WE'LL GO TO THE NEXT QUESTION.

365
00:16:21,030 --> 00:16:26,068
MARIA ON YOUTUBE SAID HELLO FROM

366
00:16:26,068 --> 00:16:28,003
PORTUGAL.

367
00:16:28,003 --> 00:16:31,740
HOW DOES CLIMATE CHANGE CHANGE

368
00:16:31,740 --> 00:16:34,910
THE GLACIERS AT THE POLE AND

369
00:16:34,910 --> 00:16:36,645
CHANGE THE LIVES OF ORDINARY

370
00:16:36,645 --> 00:16:38,347
PEOPLE.

371
00:16:38,347 --> 00:16:41,784
I CAN ANSWER THIS ONE, MARIA.

372
00:16:41,784 --> 00:16:45,254
THE POLES ARE IMPORTANT FOR A

373
00:16:45,254 --> 00:16:47,489
LOT OF REASONS.

374
00:16:47,489 --> 00:16:50,325
THEY REFLECT SUNLIGHT AND HELP

375
00:16:50,325 --> 00:16:53,762
WITH CIRCULAR CURRENTS IN THE

376
00:16:53,762 --> 00:16:54,463
OCEAN.

377
00:16:54,463 --> 00:16:56,598
THEY STORE A LOT OF WATER FOR US

378
00:16:56,598 --> 00:16:58,634
WHICH IS REALLY NEAT.

379
00:16:58,634 --> 00:17:00,569
WE HAVE OUR OWN FREEZER AND

380
00:17:00,569 --> 00:17:03,405
REFRIGERATOR AVAILABLE TO STORE

381
00:17:03,405 --> 00:17:05,841
WATER IN LONG-TERM.

382
00:17:05,841 --> 00:17:10,746
WHEN GLACIERS OR ICE SHEETS

383
00:17:10,746 --> 00:17:15,818
START TO MELT WE SEE FRESH WATER

384
00:17:15,818 --> 00:17:17,753
IN THE OCEAN AND AIR CURRENTS

385
00:17:17,753 --> 00:17:18,454
CHANGE.

386
00:17:18,454 --> 00:17:20,189
THAT'S WHY WE SEE THE POLAR

387
00:17:20,189 --> 00:17:23,525
VORTEX DIPPING INTO TEXAS.

388
00:17:23,525 --> 00:17:26,061
A LOT OF DYNAMICS CHANGING IN

389
00:17:26,061 --> 00:17:29,198
THE POLES EFFECT THE WHOLE

390
00:17:29,198 --> 00:17:31,333
PLANET AND REMIND US, WHAT IS

391
00:17:31,333 --> 00:17:33,068
OUR THEME TODAY, WE ARE ALL

392
00:17:33,068 --> 00:17:35,104
CONNECTED BY EARTH.

393
00:17:35,104 --> 00:17:38,040
ALL RIGHT, GREAT QUESTION.

394
00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:40,342
NEXT ON FACEBOOK, KEN ASKED,

395
00:17:40,342 --> 00:17:42,778
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE GLACIERS IN

396
00:17:42,778 --> 00:17:45,013
NORTH AMERICA THAT FORMED THE

397
00:17:45,013 --> 00:17:47,549
GREAT LAKES, DO EITHER ONE OF

398
00:17:47,549 --> 00:17:55,057
YOU WANT TO ADDRESS THIS?

399
00:17:55,057 --> 00:17:58,527
>> I DON'T KNOW, KIMBERLY IF YOU

400
00:17:58,527 --> 00:17:59,428
KNOW THIS.

401
00:17:59,428 --> 00:18:01,563
YOU MIGHT BE THE EXPECT ON THIS.

402
00:18:01,563 --> 00:18:03,799
>> A LOT OF THE ICE SHEETS THAT

403
00:18:03,799 --> 00:18:12,007
USED TO BE AROUND IN

404
00:18:12,007 --> 00:18:21,416
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY.

405
00:18:21,416 --> 00:18:24,153
WE ALSO KNOW THE RATE OF CHANGE

406
00:18:24,153 --> 00:18:27,823
SO MUCH HIGHER NOW.

407
00:18:27,823 --> 00:18:33,595
IT MAY HAVE TAKEN YEARS TO MELT.

408
00:18:33,595 --> 00:18:38,066
AND NOW IT'S TAKING 150.

409
00:18:38,066 --> 00:18:45,874
OKAY, HOW DID THE CLIMATE CHANGE

410
00:18:45,874 --> 00:18:48,010
BEFORE HUMANS.

411
00:18:48,010 --> 00:18:51,547
WE TOUCHED ON IT.

412
00:18:51,547 --> 00:18:55,384
LET'S TALK MORE ABOUT IT.

413
00:18:55,384 --> 00:19:03,492
>> SURE EQUISHA MENTIONED IT.

414
00:19:03,492 --> 00:19:07,129
THERE IS ALWAYS NATURAL

415
00:19:07,129 --> 00:19:09,898
VARIATIONS AND IT'S SOLAR

416
00:19:09,898 --> 00:19:11,800
ENERGY.

417
00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:15,771
VOLCANIC AEROSOL AND THINGS ARE

418
00:19:15,771 --> 00:19:18,207
FORCING THE CLIMATE SYSTEM.

419
00:19:18,207 --> 00:19:20,843
YOU SEE SUDDENLY SHIFTS IN

420
00:19:20,843 --> 00:19:23,078
TEMPERATURES AND THINGS LIKE ICE

421
00:19:23,078 --> 00:19:25,214
SO, THOSE ARE SOME OF THE KINDS

422
00:19:25,214 --> 00:19:29,151
OF CHANGE WE HAVE SEEN IN THE

423
00:19:29,151 --> 00:19:29,852
PAST.

424
00:19:29,852 --> 00:19:31,587
WE HAVE LIMITED INFORMATION

425
00:19:31,587 --> 00:19:33,422
ABOUT CHANGES THAT HAPPENED

426
00:19:33,422 --> 00:19:35,324
THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO BECAUSE

427
00:19:35,324 --> 00:19:37,459
WE DIDN'T HAVE SATELLITES AND

428
00:19:37,459 --> 00:19:39,528
SURFACE INSTRUMENTS.

429
00:19:39,528 --> 00:19:45,300
WE FIND EVIDENCE IN ICE CORES.

430
00:19:45,300 --> 00:19:47,236
WE HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF WHAT THE

431
00:19:47,236 --> 00:19:49,037
CLIMATE WAS LIKE A LONG TIME

432
00:19:49,037 --> 00:19:49,938
AGO.

433
00:19:49,938 --> 00:19:51,874
WE KNOW ECOSYSTEMS WERE

434
00:19:51,874 --> 00:19:55,143
DIFFERENT AND SPECIES EXISTED IN

435
00:19:55,143 --> 00:19:56,545
DIFFERENT PLACES.

436
00:19:56,545 --> 00:19:58,881
WE HAVE PIECES OF INFORMATION.

437
00:19:58,881 --> 00:20:00,515
THE POINT THAT'S BEEN BROUGHT UP

438
00:20:00,515 --> 00:20:03,452
SEVERAL TIMES THAT'S IMPORTANT

439
00:20:03,452 --> 00:20:06,088
THERE IS A NATURAL VARIABILITY.

440
00:20:06,088 --> 00:20:08,090
THERE IS A MASSIVE SIGNAL THAT

441
00:20:08,090 --> 00:20:10,659
CAUSES IN RAPID RISE IN

442
00:20:10,659 --> 00:20:12,060
TEMPERATURES AND THE RATE OF

443
00:20:12,060 --> 00:20:13,795
CHANGE WE ARE SEEING.

444
00:20:13,795 --> 00:20:17,232
>> THANK YOU, AN AMAZING ANSWER.

445
00:20:17,232 --> 00:20:18,867
I'D LIKE TO SKIP TO THE NEXT

446
00:20:18,867 --> 00:20:19,568
ONE.

447
00:20:19,568 --> 00:20:22,504
I THINK THIS IS PERFECT FOR YOU

448
00:20:22,504 --> 00:20:25,440
EQUISHA, THEY ASKED ON TWITTER

449
00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:27,175
CAN YOU SEE CLIMATE CHANGE ON

450
00:20:27,175 --> 00:20:28,076
SPACE?

451
00:20:28,076 --> 00:20:30,812
WHAT DATA AND TOOLS DO WE HAVE

452
00:20:30,812 --> 00:20:33,348
TO SEE CLIMATE CHANGE FROM

453
00:20:33,348 --> 00:20:34,182
SPACE.

454
00:20:34,182 --> 00:20:36,285
>> YES, WE CAN SEE CLIMATE

455
00:20:36,285 --> 00:20:41,857
CHANGE FROM SPACE.

456
00:20:41,857 --> 00:20:44,393
NASA HAS A LOT OF MENTIONS WHERE

457
00:20:44,393 --> 00:20:48,997
WE MONITOR THE CO2, OCEAN AND

458
00:20:48,997 --> 00:20:50,198
LAND TEMPERATURES.

459
00:20:50,198 --> 00:20:56,071
WITH SATELLITE DATA IT MEASURES

460
00:20:56,071 --> 00:20:57,806
INFORMATION ABOUT THE SURFACE OF

461
00:20:57,806 --> 00:20:59,641
THE EARTH BUT IN THE ELECTRON

462
00:20:59,641 --> 00:21:02,577
MAGNETIC SPECTRUM.

463
00:21:02,577 --> 00:21:04,212
IT'S NOT JUST TAKING A PHOTO

464
00:21:04,212 --> 00:21:06,114
GRAPH BUT THERE IS INFORMATION

465
00:21:06,114 --> 00:21:11,119
WITHIN THE PIXELS AND WE ARE

466
00:21:11,119 --> 00:21:14,456
ABLE TO TRANSFORM THOSE INTO

467
00:21:14,456 --> 00:21:19,027
OTHER VARIABLES WE ARE

468
00:21:19,027 --> 00:21:20,929
INTERESTED IN.

469
00:21:20,929 --> 00:21:22,364
WE CAN OBSERVE TEMPERATURE

470
00:21:22,364 --> 00:21:23,765
CHANGES.

471
00:21:23,765 --> 00:21:26,001
NOT JUST ON A GLOBAL SCALE BUT

472
00:21:26,001 --> 00:21:27,436
WITHIN CITIES.

473
00:21:27,436 --> 00:21:29,538
WE CAN ALSO LOOK AT THINGS LIKE

474
00:21:29,538 --> 00:21:31,273
PRECIPITATION AS WELL.

475
00:21:31,273 --> 00:21:33,709
THERE IS A LOT OF WAYS WE CAN

476
00:21:33,709 --> 00:21:39,881
MONITOR CLIMATE CHANGE BUT ALSO

477
00:21:39,881 --> 00:21:43,251
UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT THINGS.

478
00:21:43,251 --> 00:21:44,753
>> THAT'S AWESOME.

479
00:21:44,753 --> 00:21:46,989
THANK YOU FOR THE EXPLANATION.

480
00:21:46,989 --> 00:21:49,725
SO, CHRISTIAN ON FACEBOOK ASKED

481
00:21:49,725 --> 00:21:52,160
ARE THERE RUN AWAY EFFECTS ON

482
00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:54,596
CLIMATE CHANGE WE SHOULD BE

483
00:21:54,596 --> 00:21:57,432
WORRIED A ABOUT.

484
00:21:57,432 --> 00:21:59,868
WE HERE A LOT OF MIXED NEWS AND

485
00:21:59,868 --> 00:22:02,404
REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF HEAT IN

486
00:22:02,404 --> 00:22:07,876
SPACE.

487
00:22:07,876 --> 00:22:09,244
DO YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE

488
00:22:09,244 --> 00:22:11,380
RUN AWAY EFFECTS OF CLIMATE

489
00:22:11,380 --> 00:22:12,347
CHANGE.

490
00:22:12,347 --> 00:22:13,849
>> THIS IS A GOOD QUESTION AND

491
00:22:13,849 --> 00:22:15,884
THERE IS DEBATE ABOUT THIS.

492
00:22:15,884 --> 00:22:17,085
THIS IS SOMETHING WE ARE STILL

493
00:22:17,085 --> 00:22:19,221
WORKING HARD TO ADDRESS.

494
00:22:19,221 --> 00:22:21,456
INSTEAD OF A SATELLITE WE HAVE

495
00:22:21,456 --> 00:22:23,158
CAMPAIGNS THAT GO OUT AND

496
00:22:23,158 --> 00:22:25,594
MEASURE IN GREAT DETAILS SO WE

497
00:22:25,594 --> 00:22:27,529
CAN UNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES.

498
00:22:27,529 --> 00:22:29,264
THIS IS ONE WAY WE CREATE

499
00:22:29,264 --> 00:22:30,966
CLIMATE MODELS.

500
00:22:30,966 --> 00:22:33,001
WE TAKE THE INFORMATION WE HAVE.

501
00:22:33,001 --> 00:22:35,537
WE TRY TO WRITE EQUATIONS ABOUT

502
00:22:35,537 --> 00:22:37,773
HOW THE PROCESSES INTERACT WITH

503
00:22:37,773 --> 00:22:42,644
EACH OTHER AND RUN LONG

504
00:22:42,644 --> 00:22:44,046
SIMULATIONS.

505
00:22:44,046 --> 00:22:45,180
SOMETIMES THERE IS YOU THINK

506
00:22:45,180 --> 00:22:51,053
CERTAINTY ABOUT THE EFFECTS WE

507
00:22:51,053 --> 00:22:56,825
SEE NOW VERSES IN 50 YEARS THIS

508
00:22:56,825 --> 00:22:59,161
IS CERTAINLY A CAUSE FOR

509
00:22:59,161 --> 00:23:00,562
CONCERN.

510
00:23:00,562 --> 00:23:05,434
THERE ARE MANY OPPOSING SIDES.

511
00:23:05,434 --> 00:23:07,869
LET'S TAKE WATER VAPOR.

512
00:23:07,869 --> 00:23:11,139
IT'S A POWERFUL GREENHOUSE GAS.

513
00:23:11,139 --> 00:23:13,175
IT'S NOT CONTROLLED BY PEOPLE.

514
00:23:13,175 --> 00:23:16,078
THERE ARE NATURAL PROCESSES LIKE

515
00:23:16,078 --> 00:23:18,814
EVAPORATION AND RAIN.

516
00:23:18,814 --> 00:23:23,085
A POSITIVE FEEDBACK MAGNIFIES

517
00:23:23,085 --> 00:23:24,319
THE WARMING.

518
00:23:24,319 --> 00:23:27,355
WHEN WE WARM THE PLANET WE

519
00:23:27,355 --> 00:23:30,125
EVAPORATE MORE.

520
00:23:30,125 --> 00:23:32,427
AT THE SAME TIME.

521
00:23:32,427 --> 00:23:35,063
THEY CAN ALSO REFLECT SUNLIGHT.

522
00:23:35,063 --> 00:23:36,298
THEY CAN KEEP SOME OF THE

523
00:23:36,298 --> 00:23:37,999
SUNLIGHT FROM REACHING THE

524
00:23:37,999 --> 00:23:39,134
EARTH.

525
00:23:39,134 --> 00:23:41,002
THAT'S THE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.

526
00:23:41,002 --> 00:23:44,239
THE RESPONSE IS ADDING UP ALL OF

527
00:23:44,239 --> 00:23:45,974
THESE COMPLICATED POSITIVE AND

528
00:23:45,974 --> 00:23:48,477
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK TO REALLY

529
00:23:48,477 --> 00:23:50,212
UNDERSTAND THE TRAJECTORY OF THE

530
00:23:50,212 --> 00:23:51,246
PLANET.

531
00:23:51,246 --> 00:23:52,647
THAT'S WHERE I THINK WE ARE

532
00:23:52,647 --> 00:23:53,682
RIGHT NOW.

533
00:23:53,682 --> 00:23:55,283
IT'S UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESSES

534
00:23:55,283 --> 00:23:57,119
AND MAKING SURE WE HAVE A GOOD

535
00:23:57,119 --> 00:23:59,354
HANDLE ON THEM AND MONITOR FOUR

536
00:23:59,354 --> 00:24:02,390
SIGNS OF ABRUPT CHANGE.

537
00:24:02,390 --> 00:24:04,826
IT'S A VERY GOOD QUESTION THAT

538
00:24:04,826 --> 00:24:07,262
HIT ON WHAT UNDER PINS A LOT OF

539
00:24:07,262 --> 00:24:08,296
OUR WORK.

540
00:24:08,296 --> 00:24:10,398
>> YEAH, THAT'S A GOOD POINT.

541
00:24:10,398 --> 00:24:12,033
THERE IS A LOT OF COMPLICATED

542
00:24:12,033 --> 00:24:14,169
THINGS THAT HAPPEN ON EARTH.

543
00:24:14,169 --> 00:24:16,104
BUILDING A MODEL THAT CAPTURES

544
00:24:16,104 --> 00:24:18,440
ALL OF THEM IS SUCH A CHALLENGE.

545
00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:22,177
SO, DIANA ON FACEBOOK ASKED DO

546
00:24:22,177 --> 00:24:27,149
VOLCANOS HAVE SOMETHING TO DOE

547
00:24:27,149 --> 00:24:28,783
WITH CLIMATE CHANGE.

548
00:24:28,783 --> 00:24:30,418
EITHER OF YOU WANT TO TAKE THIS

549
00:24:30,418 --> 00:24:31,119
ONE.

550
00:24:31,119 --> 00:24:33,755
>> I CAN TAKE IT UNLESS EQUISHA

551
00:24:33,755 --> 00:24:36,491
GLENN WANTS TOO?

552
00:24:36,491 --> 00:24:38,527
>> YOU CAN TAKE THIS ONE TOO.

553
00:24:38,527 --> 00:24:40,228
>> IT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

554
00:24:40,228 --> 00:24:44,499
VOLCANOS ERUPT NATURALLY.

555
00:24:44,499 --> 00:24:46,535
THAT'S WHY WE HAVE ISLANDS AND

556
00:24:46,535 --> 00:24:54,543
VACATION SPOTS BECAUSE A VOLCANO

557
00:24:54,543 --> 00:24:55,744
ERUPTED.

558
00:24:55,744 --> 00:25:00,015
THAT'S NOT RELATED TO CLIMATE

559
00:25:00,015 --> 00:25:00,615
CHANGE.

560
00:25:00,615 --> 00:25:03,051
WHAT THEY DO IS OMIT LARGE

561
00:25:03,051 --> 00:25:05,587
QUANTITIES OF AEROSOLS.

562
00:25:05,587 --> 00:25:07,822
ESPECIALLY POWERFUL ERUPTS THAT

563
00:25:07,822 --> 00:25:11,359
CAN SPEW TINTY PARTICLES

564
00:25:11,359 --> 00:25:13,562
SUSPENDED IN THE ATMOSPHERE.

565
00:25:13,562 --> 00:25:15,730
IN THE CASE OF BIG VOLCANIC

566
00:25:15,730 --> 00:25:18,967
ERUPTIONS THEY CAN EMIT SUCH

567
00:25:18,967 --> 00:25:22,938
POWERFUL ERUPTIONS THEY CAN MAKE

568
00:25:22,938 --> 00:25:25,674
IT IN THE UPPER PART OF THE

569
00:25:25,674 --> 00:25:26,908
ATMOSPHERE.

570
00:25:26,908 --> 00:25:28,944
THEY CAN STAY THERE FOR A LONG

571
00:25:28,944 --> 00:25:29,744
TIME.

572
00:25:29,744 --> 00:25:31,379
THEY HANG AROUND AND YOU GET

573
00:25:31,379 --> 00:25:33,114
AEROSOL HAZE.

574
00:25:33,114 --> 00:25:37,285
THAT HAZE CAN REFLECT SUNLIGHT.

575
00:25:37,285 --> 00:25:38,887
WE HAVE SEEN THIS IN RESENT

576
00:25:38,887 --> 00:25:39,921
YEARS.

577
00:25:39,921 --> 00:25:43,658
THE MOST RESENT EXAMPLE PEOPLE

578
00:25:43,658 --> 00:25:47,696
SAY IS THERE IS NO RESEARCH OF

579
00:25:47,696 --> 00:25:49,631
MT.

580
00:25:49,631 --> 00:25:51,366
THERE IS A TEMPORARY EFFECT OF

581
00:25:51,366 --> 00:25:53,001
COOLING THAT CAN COME FROM THE

582
00:25:53,001 --> 00:25:57,539
LARGEST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

583
00:25:57,539 --> 00:25:59,674
AGAIN, WHAT WE TALK ABOUT AS FAR

584
00:25:59,674 --> 00:26:03,211
AS SCALE THE COOLING WOULD LAST

585
00:26:03,211 --> 00:26:05,046
IS A FEW YEARS.

586
00:26:05,046 --> 00:26:06,881
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT HUMAN DRIVEN

587
00:26:06,881 --> 00:26:09,217
CLIMATE CHANGE THESE ARE THINGS

588
00:26:09,217 --> 00:26:12,187
THAT WILL LAST FOR CENTURIES OR

589
00:26:12,187 --> 00:26:14,522
A MUCH LONGER TIME FRAME.

590
00:26:14,522 --> 00:26:17,659
THEY ARE PART OF THE NATURAL

591
00:26:17,659 --> 00:26:19,361
ABILITY AND ONE THING THAT'S

592
00:26:19,361 --> 00:26:21,796
INTERESTING AND MAKES OUR JOB

593
00:26:21,796 --> 00:26:24,532
QUIET FUN TO WATCH ALL OF THESE

594
00:26:24,532 --> 00:26:26,668
CHANGES AND FIGURE THEM OUT.

595
00:26:26,668 --> 00:26:30,038
>> OKAY, WE ONLY HAVE ONE MINUTE

596
00:26:30,038 --> 00:26:31,940
LEFT AND I'D LIKE TO DO VERY

597
00:26:31,940 --> 00:26:33,875
QUICK SUMMARIES.

598
00:26:33,875 --> 00:26:36,511
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT QUESTION.

599
00:26:36,511 --> 00:26:39,147
ON YOUTUBE, WHAT MAKES YOU THINK

600
00:26:39,147 --> 00:26:41,082
IT'S NOT TOO LATE TO STOP THE

601
00:26:41,082 --> 00:26:43,118
WORSE OUTCOMES OF CLIMATE

602
00:26:43,118 --> 00:26:44,819
CHANGE.

603
00:26:44,819 --> 00:26:46,655
WE ARE TALKING A LOT TODAY ON

604
00:26:46,655 --> 00:26:51,826
EARTH DAY ACROSS ALL DIFFERENT

605
00:26:51,826 --> 00:26:53,662
PARTS OF THE GOVERNMENT TO DO

606
00:26:53,662 --> 00:26:55,997
RAPID URGENT CHANGES TO HOLT

607
00:26:55,997 --> 00:26:58,133
SOME OF THE PROGRESSION OF

608
00:26:58,133 --> 00:27:00,468
CLIMATE CHANGE.

609
00:27:00,468 --> 00:27:02,370
WHAT IS YOUR THOUGHT, WHY IS IT

610
00:27:02,370 --> 00:27:03,705
NOT TOO LATE?

611
00:27:03,705 --> 00:27:05,940
>> UM, I CAN GO.

612
00:27:05,940 --> 00:27:08,176
IT'S NOT TOO LATE BECAUSE THINK

613
00:27:08,176 --> 00:27:10,578
ABOUT THE STRIDES WE MADE IN

614
00:27:10,578 --> 00:27:11,813
TECHNOLOGY.

615
00:27:11,813 --> 00:27:13,181
THE FACT THAT WE ARE HERE

616
00:27:13,181 --> 00:27:15,884
CONCRETE AREA THIS VEHICLE.

617
00:27:15,884 --> 00:27:17,385
WE COULDN'T DO THIS HOW MANY

618
00:27:17,385 --> 00:27:19,020
DECADES AGO.

619
00:27:19,020 --> 00:27:20,622
I HAVE FAITH AND HOPE IN THE 7

620
00:27:20,622 --> 00:27:24,859
BILLION SUPER POWERED BRAINS

621
00:27:24,859 --> 00:27:27,495
THAT WE HAVE THAT WE CAN

622
00:27:27,495 --> 00:27:29,230
COLLECTIVELY WORK TOGETHER.

623
00:27:29,230 --> 00:27:30,865
I'M HOPEFUL TO COME UP WITH

624
00:27:30,865 --> 00:27:31,766
SOLUTIONS.

625
00:27:31,766 --> 00:27:36,037
WE HAVE DONE SO MANY THINGS SO

626
00:27:36,037 --> 00:27:36,738
FAR.

627
00:27:36,738 --> 00:27:39,674
WE HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE

628
00:27:39,674 --> 00:27:42,410
CHANGES.

629
00:27:42,410 --> 00:27:44,145
SO, THAT'S MY TAKE.

630
00:27:44,145 --> 00:27:46,181
>> THOSE WERE AMAZING QUESTIONS.

631
00:27:46,181 --> 00:27:47,382
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

632
00:27:47,382 --> 00:27:48,616
IF WE DIDN'T ANSWER YOUR

633
00:27:48,616 --> 00:27:51,219
QUESTIONS HERE EQUISHA WILL

634
00:27:51,219 --> 00:27:52,754
ANSWER MORE QUESTIONS TOMORROW

635
00:27:52,754 --> 00:27:56,925
FROM 12:00 TO 2:00 ON THE NASA

636
00:27:56,925 --> 00:28:01,863
GODDARD TWITTER ACCOUNT.

637
00:28:01,863 --> 00:28:03,398
PLEASE ASK YOUR QUESTIONS THERE.

638
00:28:03,398 --> 00:28:05,233
THANK YOU SO MUCH TO THE BOTH OF

639
00:28:05,233 --> 00:28:07,135
YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY.

640
00:28:07,135 --> 00:28:08,770
>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING US.

641
00:28:08,770 --> 00:28:09,471
>> THANK YOU.

642
00:28:09,471 --> 00:28:11,005
>> THAT WAS REALLY FUN.

643
00:28:11,005 --> 00:28:12,140
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AT

644
00:28:12,140 --> 00:28:12,774
HOME.

645
00:28:12,774 --> 00:28:14,342
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT NASA'S

646
00:28:14,342 --> 00:28:16,478
EFFORT TO STUDY GLOBAL CLIMATE

647
00:28:16,478 --> 00:28:19,030
CHANGE VISIT CLIMATE.NASA. GOV.

648
00:28:19,047 --> 00:28:20,682
YOU CAN SEE HOW CONNECTED OUR

649
00:28:20,682 --> 00:28:22,484
PLANET AND SYSTEMS ARE.

650
00:28:22,484 --> 00:28:24,719
ON THIS EARTH DAY NASA IS ASKING

651
00:28:24,719 --> 00:28:26,955
PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD TO SHARE

652
00:28:26,955 --> 00:28:29,391
HOW WE ARE CONNECTED BY EARTH.

653
00:28:29,391 --> 00:28:33,561
JOIN US ON SOCIAL MEDIA FOR THE

654
00:28:33,561 --> 00:28:35,397
BIT OF EARTH THAT CONNECTS YOU

655
00:28:35,397 --> 00:28:37,098
TO OUR PLANET.

656
00:28:37,098 --> 00:28:40,368
INCLUDE YOURSELF AND TAG IT WITH

657
00:28:40,368 --> 00:28:43,004
HASHTAG CONNECTED BY EARTH.

658
00:28:43,004 --> 00:28:44,439
THESE ARE SOME OF THE AWESOME

659
00:28:44,439 --> 00:28:46,474
IMAGES SUBMITTED.

660
00:28:46,474 --> 00:28:49,210
TO STAY UP-TO-DATE FOLLOW NASA

661
00:28:49,210 --> 00:28:51,446
EARTH ON FACEBOOK, TWITTER, AND

662
00:28:51,446 --> 00:28:53,281
INSTAGRAM.

663
00:28:53,281 --> 00:28:56,017
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY.

664
00:28:56,017 --> 00:28:58,253
SEE YOU SOON AND HAPPY EARTH