>> EARTH, HOME, OF ALL OF TO THE
PLANETS NASA EXPLORED NONE HAVE
MATCHED THE DYNAMIC COMPLEXITY
OF OUR OWN.
DESERTS AND TROPICAL FORESTS.
MASSIVE STORMS ON LANGUAGE AND
OCEAN.
LIQUID WATERS EXPANDING PASS THE
SURFACE.
A BALANCE GIVES WAY TO A
KALEIDOSCOPE OF LIGHTS.
EARTH, IS A VERY SPECIAL PLACE.
FROM THE VANTAGE POINT OF SPACE
THE PROSPECTIVE OF SKY AND SEA
AND ACROSS THE LAND WE STUDY OUR
PLANET NOT JUST TO LEARN ABOUT
IT BUT TO PROTECT IT.
>> HELLO, EVERYONE.
WELCOME TO ANOTHER EPISODE OF
NASA SCIENCE LIVE.
I'M YOUR HOST DR. KIMBERLY
MINER.
THIS YEAR EARTH DAY IS ABOUT
CONNECTION.
OUR PLANET IS HOME TO OVER 7
BILLION PEOPLE OF DIVERSE
BACKGROUNDS AND EXPERIENCES.
WE ARE ALL CONNECTED BY EARTH.
NASA EARTH SCIENCE SHOWS US THE
WAYS THE NATURAL SYSTEM LIKE
LAND, WATER, AIR, AND ICE
CONNECTS TO AND EFFECT EACH
OTHER AND OUR CLIMATE.
EARTH'S CLIMATE IS CHANGING AND
SINCE THE MID 20th CENTURY WE
KNOW HUMAN ACTIVITY HAS BEEN
DRIVING THE CHANGE.
TODAY, WE'LL EXPLORE HOW NASA
STUDIES CLIMATE CHANGE AND HOW
THE INFORMATION IS USED
WORLDWIDE.
LET'S START WITH THE BASICS,
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
I'M HERE WITH DR. DR. LESLEY
OTT AND EQUISHA GLENN.
WE WILL BREAK ALL OF THIS DOWN.
LESSLEY AND EQUISHA THANK YOU
FOR BEING HERE TODAY.
>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
>> WE'LL START WITH YOU LESLEY,
WHAT IS CLIMATE?
>> CLIMATE IS THE LONG-TERM
AVERAGE OF WEATHER.
SO, SAY YOU HAVE A FRIEND
THINKING OF MOVING TO YOUR CITY
FROM OUT-OF-STATE AND THEY MIGHT
ASK WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE BUT
THEY MEAN WHAT IS THE CLIMATE
LIKE.
HOW MANY DAYS DOES IT RAIN?
WHEN DOES IT SNOW IN THE WINTER?
THOSE ARE BASIC PIECES OF
INFORMATION THAT EFFECT OUR
LIVES EVERYDAY AND THOSE ARE
SOME OF THE REASONS SCIENTIST
LIKE US ARE SO CONCERNED WHEN WE
SEE CLIMATE IS CHANGING.
>> RIGHT, NOW THE REASON WHY
CLIMATE CHANGE IS A CAUSE FOR
CONCERN IS BECAUSE OF THE RATE
OF CHANGE IN THESE BASELINE
AVERAGE WEATHER CONDITIONS THAT
ARE BEING REPORTED BY CITIES ALL
OVER THE WORLD.
>> OKAY, INTERESTING.
EQUISHA, WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?
>> HUMAN ACTIVITY.
C 02 EMISSIONS ARE RELEASED AT
AN UNPRECEDENTED RATE.
THIS IS A TIME PAN OVER 66
MILLION YEARS.
WE HAVE A LARGE INFLUX OF CARBON
DIOXIDE THAT'S A GREENHOUSE
GASES THAT'S TRAPPING AND
ABSORBING RADIATION AND DRIVING
TEMPERATURE CHANGE AT A RAPID
RATE.
>> OKAY, THANK YOU FOR THE GREAT
EXPLANATIONS YOU GUYS.
I KNOW I HAVE MORE QUESTIONS AND
SO DO THOSE AT HOME.
REMEMBER, YOU CAN JOIN
CONVERSATION BY WRITING IN THE
COMMENT BOX OR USE #ASKNASA ON
SOCIAL MEDIA.
FIRST, LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT HOW
NASA IS STUDYING CARBON DIOXIDE
AND HOW IT EFFECTS OUR WEATHER
AND CLIMATE ON EARTH.
>> THE ATMOSPHERE IS A MIX OF
GASES.
SOME ARE KNOWN AS GREENHOUSE
GASES.
THEY TRAP HEAT FROM THE SUN AND
WARM THE EARTH.
THAT'S GOOD.
WITHOUT THESE GASES OUR PLANET
WOULD FREEZE AND LIFE WOULD BE
IMPOSSIBLE.
THESE GASES NATURALLY CYCLE
BETWEEN THE LAND AND ATMOSPHERE
AND OVER THE AGES THEY REACH A
DELICATE BALANCE OF THE
TEMPERATURES WE LIKE, A LOT.
IT'S BEEN THAT WAY FOR THOUSANDS
OF YEARS.
THIS IS UNTIL THE LAST 150
YEARS.
THAT'S WHEN PEOPLE BURNED FOSSIL
FUELS.
COAL, OIL, AND NATURAL GAS
CONTAINS CARBON THAT'S BEEN
LOOKED AWAY FOR EONS.
WHEN THEY ARE BURNED THEY
PRODUCE CARBON AND THROW THE
NATURAL BALANCE OUT OF WACK.
THE MORE CARBON THE MORE HEAT IS
TRAPPED.
THE WARMER IT GETS THE MORE THE
CLIMATE CHANGES AND THE HIGHER
THE TEMPERATURE WILL RISE.
THE MORE WE LEARN ABOUT CARBON
DIOXIDE AND OTHER GASES THE
BETTER WE CAN DEAL WITH THE
BECAUSE
GOOD PLANETS ARE HARD TO FIND.
>> NASA STUDY'S EARTH'S CLIMATE
SO CLOSELY WE HAVE A CLIMATE
ADVISER.
NASA PROVIDES REAL DATA ABOUT
OUR CLIMATE.
LET'S HEAR FROM THE CLIMATE
ADVISER NOW.
>> I'M NASA SENIOR CLIMATE
ADVISER AND I BRING NASA'S
CLIMATE TO THE PUBLIC AND TALK
ABOUT HOW TO SAVE THE PLANET.
I HAVE BEEN WITH NASA FOR MORE
THAN 25 YEARS.
I USE DATA TO UNDERSTAND THE
PATH, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF
CLIMATE CHANGE.
CLIMATE CHANGE IS ONE OF THE
MOST COMPLEX ISSUES.
IT'S A GLOBAL PROBLEM AND ONE
THAT WILL BE AROUND FOR DECADES
AND CENTURIES TO COME.
JUST AS YOUR DOCTOR CHECKS YOUR
HEALTH BY MONITORING YOUR
TEMPERATURE AND OTHER VITAL
SIGNS, AT NASA WE KEEP AN EYE ON
THE EARTH'S VITAL SIGNS.
WE LOOK AT SEA LEVEL RISE, ICE
SHEETS, AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN
THE AIR.
THANKS TO EARTH SCIENCE, WE KNOW
OUR PLANET AND CLIMATE ARE
CHANGING.
BASED ON THE EVIDENCE FROM THE
OCEAN TO UPPER ATMOSPHERE WE
ALSO KNOW HUMAN ACTIVITIES ARE
DRIVING THIS CHANGE.
AS OUR PLANET TEMPERATURE RISES
THAT WILL IMPACT WEATHER
EXTREMES MEANING MORE EXTREME
HEAT WAVES, WILDFIRES, AND
HURRICANE SEASONS.
MANY ISSUES HAVE BEEN MADE
WORSE.
I HOPE TO HELP DECISION-MAKERS
FIND A WAY TO MOVE TOWARDS A
MORE CLIMATE SECURE FUTURE FOR
US AND OUR CHILDREN.
NOW WE ARE BACK WITH LESLEY AND
EQUISHA.
>> HOW IS THIS SHOWING THE
CONNECT BETWEEN HUMANS AND
CLIMATE CHANGE.
>> BEFORE WE HAD SATELLITES WE
HAD MONITORS ACROSS THE EARTH.
IT COULD TELL US HOW THINGS WERE
CHANGING.
IN 2014 NASA LAUNCHED THE FIRST
DEDICATED CARBON DIOXIDE
MISSION.
SINCE THEN, WE HAVE BEEN GETTING
BEAUTIFUL MAPS THAT FILL IN THE
HOLES WE HAD WHEN WE HAD THE
HANDFUL A FEW YEARS AGO.
THIS GIVES US SO MUCH
INFORMATION ABOUT HUMAN
EMISSIONS BUT WHEREON THE LAND
AND OCEAN CARBON DIOXIDE IS
ABSORBED.
THE OCEAN AND LANDS PLAY A BIG
ROLE IN OMITTING CLIMATE
CONTROL.
WE LEARN SO MUCH MORE ABOUT HOW
CARBON DIOXIDE IS CHANGING
ACROSS THE GLOBE ON THIS
SATELLITE VIEW.
>> AMAZING.
WONDERFUL SATELLITE IMAGES.
EQUISHA TELL US ABOUT HOW HIGH
IT CHANGES OUR WEATHER AS FAR AS
HURRICANES AND OTHER IF A NO,
MA'AM MONOS.
>> SOME PLACES GET DRYER AND
OTHERS GET WETTER.
FIRE SEASONS CAN SHIFT.
THEY CAN STARTED EARLY OR MIGHT
BE LONGER.
WE ALSO HAVE CHANGES WITHIN THE
SEASONS THEMSELVES.
WE COULD GET LESS SNOW DURING
WINTER.
WITH THAT I THINK OF NEW YORK
CITY.
I WAS BORN AND RAISED IN
NEW YORK CITY.
AS A KID, I REMEMBER TREKKING
THROUGH SNOW.
THERE WAS ALWAYS SNOW THROUGHOUT
THE WINTER.
IT WAS A PICTURE PERFECT SNOWY
WONDERLAND.
AS TIME HAS GONE ON I REALIZED
THAT WE DON'T SEEM TO HAVE AS
MUCH SNOW THROUGHOUT THE SEASON.
ESPECIALLY IN RESENT YEARS WE
HAVE SEVERE EVENTS.
WE GET A HEAVY SNOWFALL EVENT
DUMPED ON US AND THAT'S IT.
>> THANK YOU, THAT WAS AN
AWESOME EXAMPLE.
IT'S EARTH DAY AND NASA WILL BE
LAUNCHING ASTRONAUTS TO SPACE
TOMORROW.
THEY HAVE A UNIQUE PROSPECTIVE
OF OUR HOME PLANET AND FEW GET
TO EXPERIENCE IT.
LET'S HEAR ABOUT IT.
>> WHEN YOU LOOKOUT INTO TO THE
DEPTHS OF SPACE YOU REALIZE A
VAST OCEAN OF DARKNESS.
WE ARE ON THIS LITTLE ISLAND.
WITHOUT A DOUBT, WHEN YOU ARE
CLIMBING ON YOUR ROCKET AND
LAUNCHING INTO SPACE.
ABSOLUTELY EVERY SACRIFICE IS
WORTH IT.
THE ENTIRE ROAD IS WORTH IT.
EVERY BIT IS WORTH IT.
>> I DID ALMOST, AGGRIEVED ME
WHEN I THINK ABOUT HOW WILL I
DESCRIBE THIS.
>> I WILL NEVER FORGET THE SITE,
THE THIN BLUE LINE OF THE CURVE
OF THE HORIZON.
THAT'S WHEN IT BECAME REALLY.
>> ALL LIFE IS CONNECTED ON THIS
PLANET AND EVERYTHING I DO IS IN
ONE WAY OR ANOTHER EFFECTING
SOMEONE ELSE THAT I SHARE A
PLANET WITH.
>> THE MOST SIGNIFICANT
REALIZATION WAS LOOKING OUT AND
REALIZING HOW FAR I WAS AT EARTH
BUT HOW CONNECTED I WAS AT
EARTH.
>> I'D GIVE A LOT TO SEE THAT
VIEW AGAIN.
>> INCREDIBLE, GOODNESS.
WE ARE BACK WITH LESLEY AND
EQUISHA.
WRITE-IN THE COMMENT BOX
WHEREVER YOU ARE WATCHING THIS
OR USE THE HASHTAG #ASKNASA.
LET'S START GOING THROUGH THE
QUESTIONS.
THE FIRST QUESTION IS FROM
BOOKWORM ON TWITTER WHO ASKED,
HOW MUCH TIME IS LEFT FOR HUMANS
TO SEE DRASTIC EFFECTS DIRECTLY?
EQUISHA, WILL YOU START US OFF?
>> HOW MUCH TIME BEFORE WE SEE
EFFECTS -- I'M TRYING TO SEE IN
WHAT CONTEXT.
CAN YOU REPEAT THE QUESTION.
I'D LIKE TO MAKE SURE I ANSWER
THIS CORRECTLY.
>> HOW MUCH TIME BEFORE WE SEE
DRASTIC.
WE HAVE MORE HURRICANES.
>> OH, YES.
WE ARE ALL RIGHT SEEING THOSE.
CITIES ACROSS THE WORLD FAR
REPORTING DIFFERENCES IN SUCH AN
EXTREME TEMPERATURES.
EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS. A
LOT MORE FLASH FLOODING.
WE ARE SEEING A LOT OF THOSE
CHANGES HAPPENING NOW.
>> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY.
>> WE HAVE TWO SIMILAR QUESTIONS
ABOUT THE SUN INFLUENCE FOR YOU,
LESLEY, TWO PEOPLE WOULD LIKE TO
KNOW IF WE ACCOUNT FOR SUN
CYCLES IN HISTORY.
HOW DO WE KNOW THE SUN IS NOT
JUST BURNING HOTTER.
>> THIS IS A QUESTION WE GET
ASKED A LOT.
WE HAVE A LOT OF INFORMATION TO
BACK THIS UP.
FIRST, THERE IS GREAT WORK DONE
BY CLIMATE MODELERS.
SOME ARE IN NEW YORK AT EQUISHA
GLENN'S LAB.
COULD IT BE SOLAR CYCLES OR
CHANGES DUE TO VOLCANIC AEROSOL.
CAN WE EXPLAIN THE CHANGES
THROUGH NATURAL MEANS.
WE REALIZE NONE OF THE CHANGES
CAN MATCH UP TO THE DRAMATIC AND
ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE WE ARE
SEEING.
WHEN WE ADD IN GREENHOUSE GAS
FORCING WE CAN EXPLAIN VERY
CLEARLY WHAT WE ARE SEEING.
THE SECOND WAY WE KNOW THIS IS
NOT SOLAR CYCLES OR A NATURAL
EXPLANATION.
GREENHOUSE GAS LEAVES A UNIQUE
FINGERPRINT.
WHEN WE HAVE GREENHOUSE GAS
CLOSE TO THE SURFACE THE LOWER
PART OF THE ATMOSPHERE GETS
WARMER AND THE HEAT IS TRAPPED
WHERE WE LIVE AND THE TOP PART
GETS COOLER.
NOT ONLY DO WE KNOW FROM CLIMATE
MODELS SHOWING THAT WE HAVE
CLIMATE CHANGE.
WE HAVE OTHER OBSERVATIONS THAT
THIS IS THE SIGNATURE THAT'S
CONSISTENT WITH THE GREENHOUSE
GASES AND NOT THE ALTERNATIVE
EXPLANATIONS.
>> I THINK OF A SLEEPING BAG
WHEN I THINK ABOUT THE WAY IT
INSULATES THE INSIDE AND COOLER
ON THE OUTSIDE.
WE'LL GO TO THE NEXT QUESTION.
MARIA ON YOUTUBE SAID HELLO FROM
PORTUGAL.
HOW DOES CLIMATE CHANGE CHANGE
THE GLACIERS AT THE POLE AND
CHANGE THE LIVES OF ORDINARY
PEOPLE.
I CAN ANSWER THIS ONE, MARIA.
THE POLES ARE IMPORTANT FOR A
LOT OF REASONS.
THEY REFLECT SUNLIGHT AND HELP
WITH CIRCULAR CURRENTS IN THE
OCEAN.
THEY STORE A LOT OF WATER FOR US
WHICH IS REALLY NEAT.
WE HAVE OUR OWN FREEZER AND
REFRIGERATOR AVAILABLE TO STORE
WATER IN LONG-TERM.
WHEN GLACIERS OR ICE SHEETS
START TO MELT WE SEE FRESH WATER
IN THE OCEAN AND AIR CURRENTS
CHANGE.
THAT'S WHY WE SEE THE POLAR
VORTEX DIPPING INTO TEXAS.
A LOT OF DYNAMICS CHANGING IN
THE POLES EFFECT THE WHOLE
PLANET AND REMIND US, WHAT IS
OUR THEME TODAY, WE ARE ALL
CONNECTED BY EARTH.
ALL RIGHT, GREAT QUESTION.
NEXT ON FACEBOOK, KEN ASKED,
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE GLACIERS IN
NORTH AMERICA THAT FORMED THE
GREAT LAKES, DO EITHER ONE OF
YOU WANT TO ADDRESS THIS?
>> I DON'T KNOW, KIMBERLY IF YOU
KNOW THIS.
YOU MIGHT BE THE EXPECT ON THIS.
>> A LOT OF THE ICE SHEETS THAT
USED TO BE AROUND IN
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY.
WE ALSO KNOW THE RATE OF CHANGE
SO MUCH HIGHER NOW.
IT MAY HAVE TAKEN YEARS TO MELT.
AND NOW IT'S TAKING 150.
OKAY, HOW DID THE CLIMATE CHANGE
BEFORE HUMANS.
WE TOUCHED ON IT.
LET'S TALK MORE ABOUT IT.
>> SURE EQUISHA MENTIONED IT.
THERE IS ALWAYS NATURAL
VARIATIONS AND IT'S SOLAR
ENERGY.
VOLCANIC AEROSOL AND THINGS ARE
FORCING THE CLIMATE SYSTEM.
YOU SEE SUDDENLY SHIFTS IN
TEMPERATURES AND THINGS LIKE ICE
SO, THOSE ARE SOME OF THE KINDS
OF CHANGE WE HAVE SEEN IN THE
PAST.
WE HAVE LIMITED INFORMATION
ABOUT CHANGES THAT HAPPENED
THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO BECAUSE
WE DIDN'T HAVE SATELLITES AND
SURFACE INSTRUMENTS.
WE FIND EVIDENCE IN ICE CORES.
WE HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF WHAT THE
CLIMATE WAS LIKE A LONG TIME
AGO.
WE KNOW ECOSYSTEMS WERE
DIFFERENT AND SPECIES EXISTED IN
DIFFERENT PLACES.
WE HAVE PIECES OF INFORMATION.
THE POINT THAT'S BEEN BROUGHT UP
SEVERAL TIMES THAT'S IMPORTANT
THERE IS A NATURAL VARIABILITY.
THERE IS A MASSIVE SIGNAL THAT
CAUSES IN RAPID RISE IN
TEMPERATURES AND THE RATE OF
CHANGE WE ARE SEEING.
>> THANK YOU, AN AMAZING ANSWER.
I'D LIKE TO SKIP TO THE NEXT
ONE.
I THINK THIS IS PERFECT FOR YOU
EQUISHA, THEY ASKED ON TWITTER
CAN YOU SEE CLIMATE CHANGE ON
SPACE?
WHAT DATA AND TOOLS DO WE HAVE
TO SEE CLIMATE CHANGE FROM
SPACE.
>> YES, WE CAN SEE CLIMATE
CHANGE FROM SPACE.
NASA HAS A LOT OF MENTIONS WHERE
WE MONITOR THE CO2, OCEAN AND
LAND TEMPERATURES.
WITH SATELLITE DATA IT MEASURES
INFORMATION ABOUT THE SURFACE OF
THE EARTH BUT IN THE ELECTRON
MAGNETIC SPECTRUM.
IT'S NOT JUST TAKING A PHOTO
GRAPH BUT THERE IS INFORMATION
WITHIN THE PIXELS AND WE ARE
ABLE TO TRANSFORM THOSE INTO
OTHER VARIABLES WE ARE
INTERESTED IN.
WE CAN OBSERVE TEMPERATURE
CHANGES.
NOT JUST ON A GLOBAL SCALE BUT
WITHIN CITIES.
WE CAN ALSO LOOK AT THINGS LIKE
PRECIPITATION AS WELL.
THERE IS A LOT OF WAYS WE CAN
MONITOR CLIMATE CHANGE BUT ALSO
UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT THINGS.
>> THAT'S AWESOME.
THANK YOU FOR THE EXPLANATION.
SO, CHRISTIAN ON FACEBOOK ASKED
ARE THERE RUN AWAY EFFECTS ON
CLIMATE CHANGE WE SHOULD BE
WORRIED A ABOUT.
WE HERE A LOT OF MIXED NEWS AND
REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF HEAT IN
SPACE.
DO YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE
RUN AWAY EFFECTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE.
>> THIS IS A GOOD QUESTION AND
THERE IS DEBATE ABOUT THIS.
THIS IS SOMETHING WE ARE STILL
WORKING HARD TO ADDRESS.
INSTEAD OF A SATELLITE WE HAVE
CAMPAIGNS THAT GO OUT AND
MEASURE IN GREAT DETAILS SO WE
CAN UNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES.
THIS IS ONE WAY WE CREATE
CLIMATE MODELS.
WE TAKE THE INFORMATION WE HAVE.
WE TRY TO WRITE EQUATIONS ABOUT
HOW THE PROCESSES INTERACT WITH
EACH OTHER AND RUN LONG
SIMULATIONS.
SOMETIMES THERE IS YOU THINK
CERTAINTY ABOUT THE EFFECTS WE
SEE NOW VERSES IN 50 YEARS THIS
IS CERTAINLY A CAUSE FOR
CONCERN.
THERE ARE MANY OPPOSING SIDES.
LET'S TAKE WATER VAPOR.
IT'S A POWERFUL GREENHOUSE GAS.
IT'S NOT CONTROLLED BY PEOPLE.
THERE ARE NATURAL PROCESSES LIKE
EVAPORATION AND RAIN.
A POSITIVE FEEDBACK MAGNIFIES
THE WARMING.
WHEN WE WARM THE PLANET WE
EVAPORATE MORE.
AT THE SAME TIME.
THEY CAN ALSO REFLECT SUNLIGHT.
THEY CAN KEEP SOME OF THE
SUNLIGHT FROM REACHING THE
EARTH.
THAT'S THE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.
THE RESPONSE IS ADDING UP ALL OF
THESE COMPLICATED POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK TO REALLY
UNDERSTAND THE TRAJECTORY OF THE
PLANET.
THAT'S WHERE I THINK WE ARE
RIGHT NOW.
IT'S UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESSES
AND MAKING SURE WE HAVE A GOOD
HANDLE ON THEM AND MONITOR FOUR
SIGNS OF ABRUPT CHANGE.
IT'S A VERY GOOD QUESTION THAT
HIT ON WHAT UNDER PINS A LOT OF
OUR WORK.
>> YEAH, THAT'S A GOOD POINT.
THERE IS A LOT OF COMPLICATED
THINGS THAT HAPPEN ON EARTH.
BUILDING A MODEL THAT CAPTURES
ALL OF THEM IS SUCH A CHALLENGE.
SO, DIANA ON FACEBOOK ASKED DO
VOLCANOS HAVE SOMETHING TO DOE
WITH CLIMATE CHANGE.
EITHER OF YOU WANT TO TAKE THIS
ONE.
>> I CAN TAKE IT UNLESS EQUISHA
GLENN WANTS TOO?
>> YOU CAN TAKE THIS ONE TOO.
>> IT'S A GREAT QUESTION.
VOLCANOS ERUPT NATURALLY.
THAT'S WHY WE HAVE ISLANDS AND
VACATION SPOTS BECAUSE A VOLCANO
ERUPTED.
THAT'S NOT RELATED TO CLIMATE
CHANGE.
WHAT THEY DO IS OMIT LARGE
QUANTITIES OF AEROSOLS.
ESPECIALLY POWERFUL ERUPTS THAT
CAN SPEW TINTY PARTICLES
SUSPENDED IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
IN THE CASE OF BIG VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS THEY CAN EMIT SUCH
POWERFUL ERUPTIONS THEY CAN MAKE
IT IN THE UPPER PART OF THE
ATMOSPHERE.
THEY CAN STAY THERE FOR A LONG
TIME.
THEY HANG AROUND AND YOU GET
AEROSOL HAZE.
THAT HAZE CAN REFLECT SUNLIGHT.
WE HAVE SEEN THIS IN RESENT
YEARS.
THE MOST RESENT EXAMPLE PEOPLE
SAY IS THERE IS NO RESEARCH OF
MT.
THERE IS A TEMPORARY EFFECT OF
COOLING THAT CAN COME FROM THE
LARGEST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.
AGAIN, WHAT WE TALK ABOUT AS FAR
AS SCALE THE COOLING WOULD LAST
IS A FEW YEARS.
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT HUMAN DRIVEN
CLIMATE CHANGE THESE ARE THINGS
THAT WILL LAST FOR CENTURIES OR
A MUCH LONGER TIME FRAME.
THEY ARE PART OF THE NATURAL
ABILITY AND ONE THING THAT'S
INTERESTING AND MAKES OUR JOB
QUIET FUN TO WATCH ALL OF THESE
CHANGES AND FIGURE THEM OUT.
>> OKAY, WE ONLY HAVE ONE MINUTE
LEFT AND I'D LIKE TO DO VERY
QUICK SUMMARIES.
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT QUESTION.
ON YOUTUBE, WHAT MAKES YOU THINK
IT'S NOT TOO LATE TO STOP THE
WORSE OUTCOMES OF CLIMATE
CHANGE.
WE ARE TALKING A LOT TODAY ON
EARTH DAY ACROSS ALL DIFFERENT
PARTS OF THE GOVERNMENT TO DO
RAPID URGENT CHANGES TO HOLT
SOME OF THE PROGRESSION OF
CLIMATE CHANGE.
WHAT IS YOUR THOUGHT, WHY IS IT
NOT TOO LATE?
>> UM, I CAN GO.
IT'S NOT TOO LATE BECAUSE THINK
ABOUT THE STRIDES WE MADE IN
TECHNOLOGY.
THE FACT THAT WE ARE HERE
CONCRETE AREA THIS VEHICLE.
WE COULDN'T DO THIS HOW MANY
DECADES AGO.
I HAVE FAITH AND HOPE IN THE 7
BILLION SUPER POWERED BRAINS
THAT WE HAVE THAT WE CAN
COLLECTIVELY WORK TOGETHER.
I'M HOPEFUL TO COME UP WITH
SOLUTIONS.
WE HAVE DONE SO MANY THINGS SO
FAR.
WE HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE
CHANGES.
SO, THAT'S MY TAKE.
>> THOSE WERE AMAZING QUESTIONS.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
IF WE DIDN'T ANSWER YOUR
QUESTIONS HERE EQUISHA WILL
ANSWER MORE QUESTIONS TOMORROW
FROM 12:00 TO 2:00 ON THE NASA
GODDARD TWITTER ACCOUNT.
PLEASE ASK YOUR QUESTIONS THERE.
THANK YOU SO MUCH TO THE BOTH OF
YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY.
>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING US.
>> THANK YOU.
>> THAT WAS REALLY FUN.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AT
HOME.
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT NASA'S
EFFORT TO STUDY GLOBAL CLIMATE
CHANGE VISIT CLIMATE.NASA. GOV.
YOU CAN SEE HOW CONNECTED OUR
PLANET AND SYSTEMS ARE.
ON THIS EARTH DAY NASA IS ASKING
PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD TO SHARE
HOW WE ARE CONNECTED BY EARTH.
JOIN US ON SOCIAL MEDIA FOR THE
BIT OF EARTH THAT CONNECTS YOU
TO OUR PLANET.
INCLUDE YOURSELF AND TAG IT WITH
HASHTAG CONNECTED BY EARTH.
THESE ARE SOME OF THE AWESOME
IMAGES SUBMITTED.
TO STAY UP-TO-DATE FOLLOW NASA
EARTH ON FACEBOOK, TWITTER, AND
INSTAGRAM.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY.
SEE YOU SOON AND HAPPY EARTH