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I AM YOUR HOST TAHIRA ALLEN, AND

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TODAY WE'RE THRILLED TO TALK

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ABOUT A REAL

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"ONCE-IN-A-LIFETIME" EVENT!

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AS YOU MIGHT HAVE HEARD IN THE

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NEWS, ON DECEMBER 21ST, THE TWO

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LARGEST PLANETS IN OUR SOLAR

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SYSTEM - JUPITER AND SATURN -

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WILL APPEAR AS THOUGH THEY'RE

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NEARLY TOUCHING IN THE NIGHT

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SKY.

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AND YES, YOU'LL BE ABLE TO SEE

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THEM WITH THE NAKED EYE, NO

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TELESCOPE NEEDED!

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THIS RARE ASTRONOMICAL EVENT,

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ALSO KNOWN AS THE GREAT

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CONJUNCTION, ONLY HAPPENS EVERY

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20 YEARS.

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HOWEVER, THE LAST TIME IT COULD

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BE SEEN THIS CLOSE WAS IN 1623.

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TODAY WE ARE TALKING ALL ABOUT

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THE GREAT CONJUNCTION, FROM THE

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SCIENCE BEHIND THE EVENT TO WHEN

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YOU'LL BE ABLE TO SEE IT IN THE

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NIGHT SKY!

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THROUGHOUT THE SHOW WE'LL SHARE

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PHOTOS THAT PEOPLE HAVE TAKEN

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FROM AROUND THE WORLD OF SATURN

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AND JUPITER COMING TOGETHER.

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LET'S GET STARTED!

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TODAY I AM JOINED BY DR. HENRY

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THROOP, ASTRONOMER AT NASA

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HEADQUARTERS.

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THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR BEING WITH

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US!

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>> I HAVE BEEN SEEING A TON OF

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BUZZ ONLINE ABOUT THE GREAT

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CONJUNCTION OF SATURN AND

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JUPITER.

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CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE SCIENCE

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BEHIND WHAT IS ACTUALLY

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HAPPENING?

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>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

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IT'S GREAT TO TALK ABOUT THIS.

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WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE, LET'S

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LOOK AT OUR PLANET'S PLACE IN

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THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

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WE HAVE ONE STAR AT THE CENTER,

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THAT'S THE SUN.

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AND THEN OUTWARD FROM THAT YOU

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HAVE THE ORBITS OF EACH

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INDIVIDUAL PLANET, MERCURY,

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VENUS, MARS, JUPITER AND SATURN.

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EACH OF THE PLANETS IS RUNNING

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ON ITS OWN CIRCLE.

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IT'S LIKE RUNNERS ON A TRACK

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WHERE WE HAVE THE EARTH AND SUN

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AT THE CENTER AND WE ARE LOOKING

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OUTWARD.

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EVERY 20 YEARS, ACTUALLY, EVERY

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12 YEARS JUPITER GOES AROUND THE

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SUN, SATURN, THE NEXT PLANET OUT

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HAS FURTHER TO GO AND IT'S

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MOVING SLOWER BECAUSE IT'S

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TUGGED AROUND LESS SLOWLY.

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SO SATURN IS SLOWER, IT TAKES 30

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YEARS TO GO AROUND THE SUN.

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EVERY 20 YEARS JUPITER IS GOING

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TO PASS SATURN IN ITS ORBIT.

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IT'S LIKE RUNNERS ON THE TRACK.

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YOU ARE AT THE CENTER, YOU GOT A

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FAST RUNNER AND THEY ARE

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OVERTAKING AND PASSING THE

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SLOWER RUNNERS ON THE OUTSIDE OF

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THE TRACK.

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THAT'S WHAT'S HAPPENING.

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IN THIS DIAGRAM YOU CAN SEE

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JUPITER AS IT'S APPROACHING

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SATURN AND FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE

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ON EARTH, YOU WILL SEE IT LINED

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UP IN THE SAME PLACE IN THE SKY.

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>> AS THIS LINES UP EVERY 20

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YEARS, WHY IS THIS ONE

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OCCURRENCE SO CLOSE TOGETHER

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SINCE 1623?

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>> THE PLANETS' ORBITS ARE NOT

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EXACTLY FLAT.

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IF THEY WERE, THEN THE PLANETS

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WOULD CROSS IN FRONT OF EACH

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OTHER.

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JUPITER WOULD BLOCK SATURN.

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BECAUSE THEY ARE SLIGHTLY

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TILTED, THEN THE PLANETS PASS

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NEAR EACH OTHER, BUT NOT IN

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FRONT OF EACH OTHER.

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EVERY 20 YEARS WHEN JUPITER

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PASSES SATURN, IT OVERTAKES IT

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BY A DEGREE, ABOUT TWICE THE

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WIDTH OF THE FULL MOON.

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THEY ARE SEPARATED WIDELY.

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THIS PARTICULAR TIME THEY ARE

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COMING VERY CLOSE.

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THAT'S BECAUSE OF THE ALIGNMENT.

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THEY ARE NOT CLOSE IN SPACE,

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THEY ARE STILL HUNDREDS OF

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MILLIONS OF KILOMETERS.

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IT'S ABOUT A TENTH OF A DEGREE

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APART.

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IF YOU TAKE YOUR PINKY AND

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EXTENDED IT AT ARMS LENGTH, YOU

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CAN COVER BOTH PLANETS.

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THIS HAPPENS ABOUT ONCE EVERY

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400 YEARS.

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SO IT HAPPENED 400 YEARS AGO.

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>> WHAT A TREAT FOR US.

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THIS IS SO EXCITING.

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I UNDERSTAND THAT THERE IS SOME

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COOL HISTORY BEHIND THE EVENT.

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CAN YOU WALK US THROUGH WHAT

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THAT IS?

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>> YES.

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400 YEARS AGO, WE ON EARTH WERE

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IN OUR INFANCY OF EXPLORING OUR

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SOLAR SYSTEM.

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THE FIRST TELESCOPE WAS USED BY

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GALILEO IN 1610 WHICH IS A

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LITTLE BIT, THIS LAST

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CONJUNCTION OF THIS SIZE IN

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1623.

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IN 1610 GALILEO WAS USING HIS

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TELESCOPE TO LOOK AT JUPITER AND

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ITS FOUR MOONS.

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THIS IS AN EXCERPT FROM HIS

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NOTEBOOK.

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YOU CAN SEE THE FOUR LITTLE

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CIRCLES.

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AND SO IN 1610, JUST BEFORE THIS

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PREVIOUS CLOSE CONJUNCTION, WHAT

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WE KNEW ABOUT JUPITER WAS THAT

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IT HAD THESE MOONS.

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IT HAD JUST BEEN DISCOVERED.

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SIMILARLY WITH SATURN, GALILEO

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WAS LOOKING FOR THE FIRST TIME

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AT THE RINGS OF SATURN.

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HE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT THEY WERE.

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SATURN LOOKED VERY, VERY

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STRANGE.

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WE KNOW THOSE ARE THE RINGS

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GOING AROUND SATURN.

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AT THE TIME THEY WERE DESCRIBED

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AS HANDLES ON A CUP OR MOONS.

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SO THAT'S WHAT OUR KNOWLEDGE OF

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WHAT THE SCIENCE WAS.

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HE IT WAS A COUPLE OF INCHES

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ACROSS.

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AND WITH A SIMILARLY SIZED

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TELESCOPE OR CAMERA LENS, YOU

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CAN SEE THE MOONS CLEARLY.

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HERE YOU CAN SEE THE MOONS OF

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JUPITER.

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THEY EXTENDED FROM JUPITER AND

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YOU CAN SEE SATURN UP ON THE TOP

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THERE.

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HERE'S ANOTHER GREAT SHOT THAT

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SHOWS THE FOUR MOONS OF JUPITER,

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THE FAINT SPOTS, WITH JUPITER IN

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THE CENTER AND YOU CAN BARELY

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SEE THE RINGS OF SATURN.

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SATURN IS FURTHER OUT AND SO IT

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APPEARS SMALLER IN THE SKY.

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THE MOONS OF JUPITER ARE EASY TO

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SEE IF YOU HAVE A TELESCOPE OR

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BINOCULARS, MANY MODIFIED

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BINOCULARS ARE EASY TO SEE THE

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MOONS OF JUPITER WITH.

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>> SO WE ARE REALLY LIVING

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HISTORY RIGHT NOW.

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WILL ANYONE AROUND THE WORLD BE

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ABLE TO SEE THIS OR DO YOU HAVE

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TO BE IN A SPECIAL LOCATION?

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>> THIS IS NEAT.

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THE PLANETS GO AROUND THE WHOLE

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SOLAR SYSTEM.

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THE EARTH IS ROTATING IN A WAY

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SO YOU CAN SEE THE PLANETS FROM

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EVERYWHERE.

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PLANETS ARE BRIGHT.

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YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE IN A SUPER

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DARK LOCATION.

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EVEN IF YOU ARE IN THE MOST

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HEAVILY LIT CITY, YOU CAN SEE

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THEM QUITE EASILY.

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THE ONLY PLACE YOU MIGHT NOT BE

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ABLE TO SEE THIS IS IF YOU ARE

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IN ANTARCTICA, THE SUN DOESN'T

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SET.

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ANYWHERE ELSE, IF IT'S NOT

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CLOUDY AND YOU DON'T HAVE

199
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SOMETHING IN THE WAY, YOU SHOULD

200
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BE ABLE TO SEE THE CONJUNCTION

201
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BETWEEN JUPITER AND SATURN THIS

202
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ALL MONTH LONG.

203
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>> THAT'S GREAT NEWS MOST

204
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EVERYONE CAN TAKE PART IN THIS.

205
00:08:04,917 --> 00:08:07,220
WHEN AND WHERE SHOULD WE BE

206
00:08:07,220 --> 00:08:09,021
LOOKING UP INTO THE NIGHT SKY?

207
00:08:09,021 --> 00:08:11,357
>> THIS CONJUNCTION IS HAPPENING

208
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IN DECEMBER.

209
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THE PLANETS ARE COMING CLOSER

210
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AND CLOSER TO GET.

211
00:08:17,563 --> 00:08:23,402
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE MONTH

212
00:08:23,402 --> 00:08:26,439
THEY ARE 2° APART.

213
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THEY WILL BE SIMILAR DISTANCE

214
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FOR THE DAY BEFORE AND DAY

215
00:08:29,542 --> 00:08:30,443
AFTER.

216
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SO IN ORDERER TO FIND THE

217
00:08:31,878 --> 00:08:34,881
PLANETS IN THE SKY, IT'S EASY.

218
00:08:34,881 --> 00:08:36,916
LOOK UP AND SEE THE SUN SET,

219
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LOOK TO THE WEST, SOUTHWEST IF

220
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YOU ARE IN THE NORTHERN

221
00:08:41,454 --> 00:08:42,655
HEMISPHERE.

222
00:08:42,655 --> 00:08:44,657
YOU WANT TO GO UP ABOUT 45

223
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MINUTES AFTER SUNSET, LET THE

224
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SKY DARKEN A LITTLE BIT.

225
00:08:50,429 --> 00:08:52,665
AND THEN LOOK TOWARD THE SUNSET.

226
00:08:52,665 --> 00:08:54,066
YOU WILL HAVE ABOUT AN HOUR OF

227
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TIME WHERE YOU CAN OBSERVE

228
00:08:56,669 --> 00:08:59,705
JUPITER AND SATURN IN THE SKY.

229
00:08:59,705 --> 00:09:01,607
JUPITER WILL LOOK LIKE THE

230
00:09:01,607 --> 00:09:05,444
BRIGHTEST STAR.

231
00:09:05,444 --> 00:09:07,480
IT'S A PLANET.

232
00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:09,782
AND SATURN IS GOING TO BE A

233
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LITTLE ABOVE AND A LITTLE LEFT

234
00:09:11,284 --> 00:09:13,786
AND A LITTLE FAINTER.

235
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>> SO ALL THESE PLANETS HAVE

236
00:09:16,088 --> 00:09:17,723
BEEN INCHING CLOSER TO EACH

237
00:09:17,723 --> 00:09:20,026
OTHER, WE ASKED THE PUBLIC TO

238
00:09:20,026 --> 00:09:22,061
SEND IN THEIR PHOTOS.

239
00:09:22,061 --> 00:09:23,663
WHILE WE PLAY THROUGH THESE,

240
00:09:23,663 --> 00:09:25,565
COULD YOU SHARE SOME BASIC TIPS

241
00:09:25,565 --> 00:09:27,466
FOR HOW WE CAN BEST PHOTOGRAPH

242
00:09:27,466 --> 00:09:29,802
THIS EVENT IN THE NIGHT SKY.

243
00:09:29,802 --> 00:09:33,205
>> WHAT'S GREAT, SATURN AND

244
00:09:33,205 --> 00:09:36,142
JUPITER ARE BRIGHT.

245
00:09:36,142 --> 00:09:37,843
SOMETIMES YOU NEED FANCY

246
00:09:37,843 --> 00:09:40,479
EQUIPMENT, TELESCOPE, MOUNT TO

247
00:09:40,479 --> 00:09:42,381
TAKE PHOTOS OF THE PLANETS.

248
00:09:42,381 --> 00:09:43,883
WITH THESE, THERE ARE SO MANY

249
00:09:43,883 --> 00:09:45,117
OPPORTUNITIES.

250
00:09:45,117 --> 00:09:49,655
EVEN SOME WELL LIT CITIES.

251
00:09:49,655 --> 00:09:51,757
MANY PHOTOS SUBMITTED HERE HAVE

252
00:09:51,757 --> 00:09:53,793
BEEN TAKEN WITH PHONES AND SMALL

253
00:09:53,793 --> 00:09:55,494
CAMERAS AND SO FORTH.

254
00:09:55,494 --> 00:09:57,096
I LIKE PHOTOS WHERE YOU CAN SEE

255
00:09:57,096 --> 00:09:58,497
SOME OF THE FOREGROUND, SO YOU

256
00:09:58,497 --> 00:10:00,232
CAN SEE THE CONTEXT FOR WHAT WE

257
00:10:00,232 --> 00:10:01,834
ARE SEEING.

258
00:10:01,834 --> 00:10:03,436
HERE YOU HAVE THE IMAGES OVER

259
00:10:03,436 --> 00:10:05,171
HOUSES AND BUILDINGS.

260
00:10:05,171 --> 00:10:06,973
SOME OF THESE OTHER IMAGES, YOU

261
00:10:06,973 --> 00:10:09,008
HAVE SEEN THEM IN FRONT OF

262
00:10:09,008 --> 00:10:11,210
CITIES OR TREES.

263
00:10:11,210 --> 00:10:12,578
IT BRINGS IT HOME THAT ANYBODY

264
00:10:12,578 --> 00:10:14,513
CAN SEE THESE PLANETS.

265
00:10:14,513 --> 00:10:16,015
IF YOU ARE USING A PHONE,

266
00:10:16,015 --> 00:10:18,417
SMARTPHONE, TAKE PHOTOS OF IT,

267
00:10:18,417 --> 00:10:21,954
MANY MODERN PHONES HAVE A NIGHT

268
00:10:21,954 --> 00:10:23,456
MODE.

269
00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:24,890
THAT WILL LET YOU TAKE AN

270
00:10:24,890 --> 00:10:27,293
EXPOSURE OF A COUPLE OF SECONDS

271
00:10:27,293 --> 00:10:28,094
LONG.

272
00:10:28,094 --> 00:10:29,895
A COUPLE OF SECONDS WILL LET YOU

273
00:10:29,895 --> 00:10:32,031
SEE THE DARK NIGHT SKY AS WELL

274
00:10:32,031 --> 00:10:34,333
AS JUPITER AND SATURN.

275
00:10:34,333 --> 00:10:36,569
AND THE MOON, IF THE MOON IS

276
00:10:36,569 --> 00:10:37,970
PASSING BY.

277
00:10:37,970 --> 00:10:41,307
IF YOU ARE A LARGER CAMERA, LIKE

278
00:10:41,307 --> 00:10:45,311
A DSL, YOU CAN TAKE A WIDE

279
00:10:45,311 --> 00:10:45,911
ANGLE.

280
00:10:45,911 --> 00:10:48,447
IF YOU ZOOM IN, IF YOU HAVE A

281
00:10:48,447 --> 00:10:50,816
LARGE ZOOM LENS, 200 MILLIMETRES

282
00:10:50,816 --> 00:10:52,818
OR SO, THEN YOU CAN SEE THE

283
00:10:52,818 --> 00:10:54,220
MOONS AS WELL.

284
00:10:54,220 --> 00:10:55,955
WE HAVE OTHER PHOTO TIPS THAT WE

285
00:10:55,955 --> 00:11:01,160
HAVE PUT TOGETHER.

286
00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:02,595
I HOPE PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO

287
00:11:02,595 --> 00:11:04,597
LOOK AT THOSE TIPS AND TAKE

288
00:11:04,597 --> 00:11:07,233
GREAT PHOTOS SHOWING THE SOLAR

289
00:11:07,233 --> 00:11:11,437
SYSTEM AND THE CONTEXT.

290
00:11:11,437 --> 00:11:14,040
>> I'M EXCITED TO GO OUT THERE

291
00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:16,642
AND CAPTURE IT FOR MYSELF.

292
00:11:16,642 --> 00:11:18,277
SO MANY PEOPLE TUNING IN ARE AS

293
00:11:18,277 --> 00:11:19,378
WELL.

294
00:11:19,378 --> 00:11:20,279
WE HAVE RECEIVED GREAT

295
00:11:20,279 --> 00:11:21,280
QUESTIONS.

296
00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:22,915
I WANT TO REMIND THOSE TUNING

297
00:11:22,915 --> 00:11:25,317
IN, IT'S NOT TOO LATE TO JOIN

298
00:11:25,317 --> 00:11:26,919
THE CONVERSATION.

299
00:11:26,919 --> 00:11:29,455
PLEASE DON'T HESITATE TO SUBMIT

300
00:11:29,455 --> 00:11:32,158
YOUR QUESTIONS IN THE COMMENT

301
00:11:32,158 --> 00:11:42,134
BOX OR USE THE HASHTAG ASKNASA.

302
00:11:42,134 --> 00:11:46,872
WILL IT BE BRIGHTER THAN WE SEE

303
00:11:46,872 --> 00:11:48,374
JUPITER AND SATURN?

304
00:11:48,374 --> 00:11:51,744
>> THE DISTANCE IS SIMILAR.

305
00:11:51,744 --> 00:11:53,746
IT GOES UP AND DOWN A LITTLE BIT

306
00:11:53,746 --> 00:11:54,980
DURING THE YEAR.

307
00:11:54,980 --> 00:11:56,382
BUT IT'S NOT SUBSTANTIALLY

308
00:11:56,382 --> 00:11:57,183
BRIGHTER.

309
00:11:57,183 --> 00:11:58,984
WHAT IS GOING TO BE UNIQUE IS

310
00:11:58,984 --> 00:12:00,920
HOW CLOSE JUPITER AND SATURN ARE

311
00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:02,021
TO EACH OTHER.

312
00:12:02,021 --> 00:12:03,122
THEY WILL LOOK THE SAME, BUT

313
00:12:03,122 --> 00:12:04,924
THEY ARE INCHING CLOSER AND

314
00:12:04,924 --> 00:12:07,059
CLOSER TO EACH OTHER IN THE SKY.

315
00:12:07,059 --> 00:12:10,296
WHEN THEY GET TO BE A TENTH OF A

316
00:12:10,296 --> 00:12:12,665
DEGREE APART IN THE SKY, YOU

317
00:12:12,665 --> 00:12:14,366
WILL STILL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE

318
00:12:14,366 --> 00:12:16,802
THEM AS TWO BRIGHT OBJECTS, NOT

319
00:12:16,802 --> 00:12:18,604
LIKE THEY WILL MERGE INTO ONE,

320
00:12:18,604 --> 00:12:20,806
BUT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE

321
00:12:20,806 --> 00:12:23,943
THEM AS TWO BRIGHT OBJECTS.

322
00:12:23,943 --> 00:12:27,480
>> AMAL IS ASKING WHAT WILL BE

323
00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:30,015
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN JUPITER AND

324
00:12:30,015 --> 00:12:31,517
SATURN AT THE TIME OF THIS GREAT

325
00:12:31,517 --> 00:12:32,418
CONJUNCTION?

326
00:12:32,418 --> 00:12:34,019
>> THEY ARE STILL

327
00:12:34,019 --> 00:12:36,455
600 MILLION KILOMETERS FROM EACH

328
00:12:36,455 --> 00:12:37,656
OTHER.

329
00:12:37,656 --> 00:12:39,258
THERE IS VERY LITTLE INFLUENCE,

330
00:12:39,258 --> 00:12:41,293
THE GRAVITY OF JUPITER IS NOT

331
00:12:41,293 --> 00:12:43,796
AFFECTING THE GRAVITY OF SATURN

332
00:12:43,796 --> 00:12:46,132
IN ANY UNUSUAL WAY.

333
00:12:46,132 --> 00:12:47,733
THE MOTION IS CONTROLLED BY

334
00:12:47,733 --> 00:12:49,935
THEIR GRAVITY AROUND THE SUN

335
00:12:49,935 --> 00:12:51,570
RATHER THAN WITH EACH OTHER.

336
00:12:51,570 --> 00:12:52,805
SO THIS IS NOT SOMETHING THAT'S

337
00:12:52,805 --> 00:12:54,607
GOING TO MOVE THE ORBITS OF ANY

338
00:12:54,607 --> 00:12:56,308
OF THE PLANETS.

339
00:12:56,308 --> 00:12:58,043
THIS HAPPENS EVERY 20 YEARS.

340
00:12:58,043 --> 00:12:59,945
IF THE SOLAR SYSTEM WASN'T

341
00:12:59,945 --> 00:13:02,281
STABLE, WE WOULD HAVE KNOWN

342
00:13:02,281 --> 00:13:03,983
ABOUT IT LONG BEFORE NOW.

343
00:13:03,983 --> 00:13:06,786
>> WHAT'S THE EXACT TIME OF THIS

344
00:13:06,786 --> 00:13:08,521
CLOSEST ALIGNMENT FOR US TO

345
00:13:08,521 --> 00:13:09,722
CATCH IT?

346
00:13:09,722 --> 00:13:13,926
>> SO THE EXACT TIME, I FORGET

347
00:13:13,926 --> 00:13:16,829
THE EXACT HOUR OF IT, BUT IF YOU

348
00:13:16,829 --> 00:13:19,165
GO OUT ON THE 21st, THE

349
00:13:19,165 --> 00:13:21,367
DISTANCE DOESN'T CHANGE FOR THE

350
00:13:21,367 --> 00:13:23,602
DURATION OF THE 21st.

351
00:13:23,602 --> 00:13:25,204
DURING THAT 24 HOURS THE

352
00:13:25,204 --> 00:13:26,806
DISTANCE WILL CHANGE ONLY A

353
00:13:26,806 --> 00:13:28,240
SMALL AMOUNT.

354
00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:30,042
SO FROM EVERYBODY'S INDIVIDUAL

355
00:13:30,042 --> 00:13:31,744
LOCATION ON EARTH, YOU WILL HAVE

356
00:13:31,744 --> 00:13:33,879
ABOUT AN HOUR, MAYBE A LITTLE

357
00:13:33,879 --> 00:13:35,581
MORE, IN ORDERER TO SEE THE

358
00:13:35,581 --> 00:13:37,783
PLANETS BEFORE THEY SET

359
00:13:37,783 --> 00:13:39,718
DEPENDING ON WHAT YOUR HORIZON

360
00:13:39,718 --> 00:13:40,219
IS.

361
00:13:40,219 --> 00:13:41,821
THEY WILL BE UP AN HOUR AFTER

362
00:13:41,821 --> 00:13:44,056
SUNSET AND SET ABOUT TWO HOURS

363
00:13:44,056 --> 00:13:46,358
AFTER SUNSET MORE OR LESS.

364
00:13:46,358 --> 00:13:47,893
SO YOU HAVE ABOUT AN HOUR OR SO

365
00:13:47,893 --> 00:13:49,195
WINDOW.

366
00:13:49,195 --> 00:13:51,230
THAT TIME IS GOING TO BE

367
00:13:51,230 --> 00:13:53,032
DIFFERENT DEPENDING WHAT TIME

368
00:13:53,032 --> 00:13:54,667
ZONE YOU ARE IN, BUT IT'S ALWAYS

369
00:13:54,667 --> 00:13:56,468
RIGHT AFTER SUNSET.

370
00:13:56,468 --> 00:13:58,704
>> I KNOW YOU MENTIONED EARLIER

371
00:13:58,704 --> 00:14:00,306
THAT REALLY ALMOST EVERYONE

372
00:14:00,306 --> 00:14:02,408
AROUND THE WORLD CAN SEE THIS.

373
00:14:02,408 --> 00:14:04,243
BUT A USER ON TWITTER SAYS THEY

374
00:14:04,243 --> 00:14:05,544
LIVE IN NEW YORK CITY AND THERE

375
00:14:05,544 --> 00:14:08,981
IS SO MUCH LIGHT POLLUTION HERE

376
00:14:08,981 --> 00:14:11,984
AND MAKES STAR GAZING TOUGH.

377
00:14:11,984 --> 00:14:14,987
WILL THE TWITTER USER BE ABLE TO

378
00:14:14,987 --> 00:14:16,689
SEE IT WITH THE NAKED HIGH AND

379
00:14:16,689 --> 00:14:18,090
HOW LONG WILL IT LAST?

380
00:14:18,090 --> 00:14:21,026
>> IF YOU ARE IN NEW YORK CITY,

381
00:14:21,026 --> 00:14:23,028
THAT'S GOOD NEWS, PLANETS ARE

382
00:14:23,028 --> 00:14:23,729
BRIGHT.

383
00:14:23,729 --> 00:14:25,764
JUPITER AND SATURN, JUPITER IN

384
00:14:25,764 --> 00:14:28,067
PARTICULAR, YOU CAN SEE FROM

385
00:14:28,067 --> 00:14:30,703
ALMOST ANY CITY.

386
00:14:30,703 --> 00:14:32,104
I HAVE LIVE IN BIG CITIES WITH

387
00:14:32,104 --> 00:14:34,306
BRIGHT LIGHTS, WE WERE ABLE TO

388
00:14:34,306 --> 00:14:37,543
SEE THE PLANETS EXTREMELY WELL.

389
00:14:37,543 --> 00:14:39,845
YOU CAN SEE JUPITER AND PROBABLY

390
00:14:39,845 --> 00:14:41,480
SATURN EVEN FROM A PLACE LIKE

391
00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:42,181
NEW YORK.

392
00:14:42,181 --> 00:14:43,382
IF YOU DON'T SEE IT ON THE

393
00:14:43,382 --> 00:14:45,417
21st, YOU MIGHT HAVE CLOUDS,

394
00:14:45,417 --> 00:14:49,622
YOU MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO SEE IT

395
00:14:49,622 --> 00:14:54,293
FOR ANY NUMBER OF REASONS.

396
00:14:54,293 --> 00:14:56,095
GO OUT THE DAY BEFORE.

397
00:14:56,095 --> 00:14:58,230
IT'S A MONTH OR SO THAT THE

398
00:14:58,230 --> 00:15:00,532
PLANETS HAVE BEEN COMING CLOSER

399
00:15:00,532 --> 00:15:02,968
AND CLOSER TOGETHER.

400
00:15:02,968 --> 00:15:04,770
AND IT WILL BE ANOTHER COUPLE OF

401
00:15:04,770 --> 00:15:08,507
WEEKS THAT THEY GO APART.

402
00:15:08,507 --> 00:15:10,509
IF YOU MISS IT ON ONE DAY, GO

403
00:15:10,509 --> 00:15:11,844
OUT ANOTHER DAY.

404
00:15:11,844 --> 00:15:13,445
THAT'S ONE OF THE NEATEST

405
00:15:13,445 --> 00:15:16,148
THINGS, YOU ARE SEEING THEM COME

406
00:15:16,148 --> 00:15:19,084
TOGETHER AND THEN GO APART.

407
00:15:19,084 --> 00:15:22,621
THAT'S EXCITING AS SEEING THEM

408
00:15:22,621 --> 00:15:24,623
CLOSE ON THE CONJUNCTION ITSELF.

409
00:15:24,623 --> 00:15:27,026
>> THAT'S GREAT NEWS.

410
00:15:27,026 --> 00:15:28,360
SO MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEEN SAYING

411
00:15:28,360 --> 00:15:30,562
IN THEIR AREA ON DECEMBER 21

412
00:15:30,562 --> 00:15:32,097
IT'S CLOUDY.

413
00:15:32,097 --> 00:15:33,399
IT'S GREAT TO KNOW WE HAVE GOT

414
00:15:33,399 --> 00:15:34,500
TIME TO WATCH THIS COME

415
00:15:34,500 --> 00:15:36,001
TOGETHER.

416
00:15:36,001 --> 00:15:37,536
AMY ON Facebook IS ASKING A

417
00:15:37,536 --> 00:15:39,638
QUESTION THAT I HAVE SEEN A LOT.

418
00:15:39,638 --> 00:15:41,240
SHE WANTS TO KNOW WHY ARE PEOPLE

419
00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:42,741
CALLING IT THE STAR OF

420
00:15:42,741 --> 00:15:44,877
BETHLEHEM?

421
00:15:44,877 --> 00:15:50,015
>> PEOPLE HAVE BEEN ENCHANTED BY

422
00:15:50,015 --> 00:15:51,650
THE STARS AND SKY ABOVE US FOR

423
00:15:51,650 --> 00:15:52,885
THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OF

424
00:15:52,885 --> 00:15:53,585
YEARS.

425
00:15:53,585 --> 00:15:54,787
PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN LOOKING

426
00:15:54,787 --> 00:15:56,288
AT THE SKY, LOOKING AT THE

427
00:15:56,288 --> 00:15:58,924
MOTION OF PLANETS, STARS, MOON

428
00:15:58,924 --> 00:16:00,326
AND SUN.

429
00:16:00,326 --> 00:16:02,962
THERE'S CULTURES AND RELIGIONS,

430
00:16:02,962 --> 00:16:04,463
PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN TAKING

431
00:16:04,463 --> 00:16:05,998
OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

432
00:16:05,998 --> 00:16:07,900
AND INCORPORATING THAT INTO

433
00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:11,303
THEIR TRADITIONS AND RELIGIONS.

434
00:16:11,303 --> 00:16:13,605
THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM REFERS TO

435
00:16:13,605 --> 00:16:16,642
A POSSIBLE EVENT OR OBSERVATIONS

436
00:16:16,642 --> 00:16:20,446
AROUND SEVERAL YEARS BC NEAR THE

437
00:16:20,446 --> 00:16:23,983
BIRTH OF CHRIST.

438
00:16:23,983 --> 00:16:25,584
AND IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE THAT

439
00:16:25,584 --> 00:16:27,086
THERE WAS A CONJUNCTION IN THE

440
00:16:27,086 --> 00:16:30,422
YEAR 6 OR 7 BC, A CONJUNCTION

441
00:16:30,422 --> 00:16:33,058
LIKE THIS HERE WITH JUPITER AND

442
00:16:33,058 --> 00:16:35,561
SATURN, VERY NEAR TO EACH OTHER.

443
00:16:35,561 --> 00:16:40,699
MAYBE IT WASN'T A TENTH OF A

444
00:16:40,699 --> 00:16:43,202
DEGREE BUT A DEGREE APART.

445
00:16:43,202 --> 00:16:45,037
MAYBE A CONJUNCTION LIKE THIS

446
00:16:45,037 --> 00:16:50,909
WAS REFERRED TO AS THE STAR OF

447
00:16:50,909 --> 00:16:52,911
BETHLEHEM.

448
00:16:52,911 --> 00:16:54,947
THERE COULD BE BEEN VISITORS

449
00:16:54,947 --> 00:16:57,049
THAT APPEAR AS THEY ARE PASSING

450
00:16:57,049 --> 00:16:59,885
TOWARD THE SUN, PAST THE EARTH.

451
00:16:59,885 --> 00:17:02,788
THERE ARE NOVAS AND SUPER NOVAS,

452
00:17:02,788 --> 00:17:06,125
DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF EXPLODING

453
00:17:06,125 --> 00:17:07,326
STARS.

454
00:17:07,326 --> 00:17:09,261
AND THERE CAN BE ALIGNMENTS OF

455
00:17:09,261 --> 00:17:11,063
PLANETS AND STARS,

456
00:17:11,063 --> 00:17:12,931
CONSTELLATIONS WHICH CAN BE

457
00:17:12,931 --> 00:17:14,466
INSPIRING FOR PEOPLE.

458
00:17:14,466 --> 00:17:16,168
FOR THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM

459
00:17:16,168 --> 00:17:18,670
ITSELF, WE DON'T KNOW WHICH OF

460
00:17:18,670 --> 00:17:21,306
THESE POSSIBLE PHENOMENA WAS

461
00:17:21,306 --> 00:17:23,108
RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT'S KNOWN AS

462
00:17:23,108 --> 00:17:25,144
THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM.

463
00:17:25,144 --> 00:17:28,047
ANY OF THEM ARE POSSIBILITIES.

464
00:17:28,047 --> 00:17:30,182
SCHOLARS AND HISTORIANS HAVE

465
00:17:30,182 --> 00:17:32,084
PROPOSED ALL THESE.

466
00:17:32,084 --> 00:17:34,486
THEY ARE ALL PLAUSIBLE IDEAS.

467
00:17:34,486 --> 00:17:36,522
WITHOUT ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS

468
00:17:36,522 --> 00:17:39,258
FROM THE TIME, IT'S HARD TO SAY.

469
00:17:39,258 --> 00:17:41,360
EVERYBODY ON EARTH CAN SEE THIS

470
00:17:41,360 --> 00:17:43,362
AND CONTINUE THIS DEEP

471
00:17:43,362 --> 00:17:44,897
CONNECTION BETWEEN PEOPLE ON THE

472
00:17:44,897 --> 00:17:46,698
EARTH AND OBSERVATIONS UP IN THE

473
00:17:46,698 --> 00:17:48,100
SKY AND THIS CONTINUOUS

474
00:17:48,100 --> 00:17:50,235
CONNECTION WE HAVE TO THE SKY

475
00:17:50,235 --> 00:17:51,370
ABOVE US.

476
00:17:51,370 --> 00:17:54,907
>> AND I THINK IT'S SO COOL, IT

477
00:17:54,907 --> 00:17:56,508
DOESN'T MATTER WHERE YOU ARE IN

478
00:17:56,508 --> 00:17:59,344
THE WORLD, WE ARE ALL LOOKING UP

479
00:17:59,344 --> 00:18:03,048
AND CONNECTED BY THIS ONCE IN A

480
00:18:03,048 --> 00:18:05,084
FEW LIFETIME EVENT.

481
00:18:05,084 --> 00:18:06,485
THERE IS A USER ON TWITTER THAT

482
00:18:06,485 --> 00:18:08,821
SAYS I'M CONFUSED.

483
00:18:08,821 --> 00:18:09,822
EVERY PIECE OF INFORMATION I

484
00:18:09,822 --> 00:18:12,224
HAVE READ SAYS IT'S HAPPENED

485
00:18:12,224 --> 00:18:14,827
ONCE EVERY 800 YEARS OR ONCE

486
00:18:14,827 --> 00:18:16,528
EVERY 400 YEARS.

487
00:18:16,528 --> 00:18:17,129
WHICH IS IT?

488
00:18:17,129 --> 00:18:19,465
>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

489
00:18:19,465 --> 00:18:21,567
EVERY 20 YEARS JUPITER PASSES

490
00:18:21,567 --> 00:18:23,469
SATURN IN ITS ORBIT.

491
00:18:23,469 --> 00:18:25,204
EVERY 20 YEARS IS A CONJUNCTION

492
00:18:25,204 --> 00:18:26,805
WHERE THEY ARE A DEGREE OR SO

493
00:18:26,805 --> 00:18:28,407
APART FROM EACH OTHER.

494
00:18:28,407 --> 00:18:29,842
HOWEVER, JUST LIKE THE MOON IS

495
00:18:29,842 --> 00:18:31,543
UP HALF THE TIME DURING THE DAY

496
00:18:31,543 --> 00:18:38,217
AND HALF DURING THE NIGHT, THIS

497
00:18:38,217 --> 00:18:44,056
HAPPENS DURING THE NIGHTTIME.

498
00:18:44,056 --> 00:18:45,958
YOU COULD SEE IT DURING THE DAY,

499
00:18:45,958 --> 00:18:48,694
BUT IT'S HARD TO SEE THE PLANETS

500
00:18:48,694 --> 00:18:49,995
DURING THE DAY TIME.

501
00:18:49,995 --> 00:18:52,030
WITH THIS CONJUNCTION THAT

502
00:18:52,030 --> 00:18:55,667
HAPPENED 400 YEARS AGO, 1623,

503
00:18:55,667 --> 00:18:59,304
EVEN THOUGH THAT WAS RIGHT AFTER

504
00:18:59,304 --> 00:19:02,007
THE FIRST USE OF THE TELESCOPE

505
00:19:02,007 --> 00:19:06,044
BY GALILEO, IT'S LIKELY NOBODY

506
00:19:06,044 --> 00:19:08,147
SAW IT IN 1623.

507
00:19:08,147 --> 00:19:09,882
IT'S A CLOSE CONJUNCTION, BUT IT

508
00:19:09,882 --> 00:19:11,383
WAS DURING THE DAY TIME.

509
00:19:11,383 --> 00:19:13,552
SO GALILEO HAD NO RECORD OF

510
00:19:13,552 --> 00:19:17,389
SEEING IT, NO OTHERS HAD A

511
00:19:17,389 --> 00:19:19,625
RECORD OF SEEING IT.

512
00:19:19,625 --> 00:19:23,428
IT'S POSSIBLE THE LAST TIME

513
00:19:23,428 --> 00:19:24,963
THERE WAS A CONJUNCTION THAT

514
00:19:24,963 --> 00:19:27,466
COULD BE SEEN WAS 1226.

515
00:19:27,466 --> 00:19:29,168
IT WAS THE PREVIOUS ONE WHICH

516
00:19:29,168 --> 00:19:31,303
WAS WIDELY OBSERVED.

517
00:19:31,303 --> 00:19:34,339
>> I HAVE A QUESTION FROM HANO,

518
00:19:34,339 --> 00:19:36,642
HE'S 6 YEARS OLD ON Facebook.

519
00:19:36,642 --> 00:19:38,777
WHEN WAS THE FIRST TIME NASA

520
00:19:38,777 --> 00:19:40,579
DISCOVERED THE CONJUNCTION?

521
00:19:40,579 --> 00:19:42,381
>> THE CONJUNCTIONS HAVE BEEN

522
00:19:42,381 --> 00:19:44,082
KNOWN ABOUT FOR A LONG TIME.

523
00:19:44,082 --> 00:19:46,618
IN FACT, THERE'S A GREEK

524
00:19:46,618 --> 00:19:49,955
ASTRONOMER WHO WAS IN ABOUT THE

525
00:19:49,955 --> 00:19:53,358
YEAR 100 AD, HE WAS ONE OF THE

526
00:19:53,358 --> 00:19:55,394
FIRST ASTRONOMERS WHO WAS ABLE

527
00:19:55,394 --> 00:19:58,096
TO PREDICT RELIABLY THE MOWINGS

528
00:19:58,096 --> 00:20:00,499
OF THE PLANETS.

529
00:20:00,499 --> 00:20:04,236
KEPLER ALSO IN THE LATE 1500s

530
00:20:04,236 --> 00:20:06,872
AND 1600s WAS INTO

531
00:20:06,872 --> 00:20:09,474
MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTIONS AND HE

532
00:20:09,474 --> 00:20:11,810
FIRST UNDERSTOOD THEIR FIRST

533
00:20:11,810 --> 00:20:13,679
NATURE AND HOW THEY ORBITED

534
00:20:13,679 --> 00:20:15,380
AROUND THE SUN.

535
00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:17,216
AND SO USING THESE OBSERVATIONS

536
00:20:17,216 --> 00:20:18,917
PEOPLE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO PREDICT

537
00:20:18,917 --> 00:20:21,653
AND UNDERSTAND THE CONJUNCTIONS

538
00:20:21,653 --> 00:20:23,155
FOR QUITE SOME TIME.

539
00:20:23,155 --> 00:20:25,057
SO THIS IS NOT A NEW EVENT.

540
00:20:25,057 --> 00:20:26,491
NASA HAS KNOWN ABOUT THIS FOR A

541
00:20:26,491 --> 00:20:28,393
LONG TIME AS MANY OTHER

542
00:20:28,393 --> 00:20:30,796
OBSERVERS IN THE SKY AND WE ARE

543
00:20:30,796 --> 00:20:33,832
EXCITED TO SHARE THIS WITH

544
00:20:33,832 --> 00:20:37,169
EVERYBODY ELSE ON EARTH AND HAVE

545
00:20:37,169 --> 00:20:38,971
PEOPLE GO OUT AND EXPLORE THE

546
00:20:38,971 --> 00:20:41,106
SOLAR SYSTEM WITH US.

547
00:20:41,106 --> 00:20:43,909
>> I'M SO GLAD YOU SAID THAT

548
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:45,110
ABOUT SHARING THIS WITH

549
00:20:45,110 --> 00:20:46,211
EVERYBODY ON EARTH.

550
00:20:46,211 --> 00:20:48,146
WE ARE CELEBRATING 20 YEARS OF

551
00:20:48,146 --> 00:20:50,549
CONTINUOUS HUMAN HABITATION ON

552
00:20:50,549 --> 00:20:55,420
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

553
00:20:55,420 --> 00:20:58,357
WILL THE ASTRONAUTS ON THE ISS

554
00:20:58,357 --> 00:21:00,259
BE ABLE TO SEE THE CONJUNCTION?

555
00:21:00,259 --> 00:21:01,994
>> I BELIEVE THE ASTRONAUTS

556
00:21:01,994 --> 00:21:04,096
SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE THE

557
00:21:04,096 --> 00:21:05,097
CONJUNCTION.

558
00:21:05,097 --> 00:21:07,132
WE HAVE TO VERIFY THAT WITH THE

559
00:21:07,132 --> 00:21:08,533
ASTRONAUTS.

560
00:21:08,533 --> 00:21:11,470
IT DEPENDS ON WHETHER THEIR

561
00:21:11,470 --> 00:21:14,239
ORBIT SHOULD PASS IN SUCH A WAY

562
00:21:14,239 --> 00:21:16,041
THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO SEE IT.

563
00:21:16,041 --> 00:21:17,075
THEY HAVE A GREAT VIEW OF THE

564
00:21:17,075 --> 00:21:17,876
SKY THERE.

565
00:21:17,876 --> 00:21:19,278
THEY ARE UNAFFECTED BY THE

566
00:21:19,278 --> 00:21:21,213
EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.

567
00:21:21,213 --> 00:21:22,414
SO THEY SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE

568
00:21:22,414 --> 00:21:24,216
THE CONJUNCTION ALONG WITH

569
00:21:24,216 --> 00:21:25,851
EVERYBODY HERE ON EARTH.

570
00:21:25,851 --> 00:21:32,591
>> I HOPE THAT HAPPENS AND THEY

571
00:21:32,591 --> 00:21:35,594
TAKE GREAT PHOTOS.

572
00:21:35,594 --> 00:21:37,529
I HAVE KITTY ON TWITTER WHO ASKS

573
00:21:37,529 --> 00:21:40,565
IS THERE A SPECIFIC THING HE

574
00:21:40,565 --> 00:21:44,369
THAT SCIENTISTS HOPE TO LEARN?

575
00:21:44,369 --> 00:21:46,905
OR IS IT JUST FOR THE DELIGHT OF

576
00:21:46,905 --> 00:21:47,706
US TO SEE?

577
00:21:47,706 --> 00:21:50,208
>> THIS IS JUST A GREAT TIME TO

578
00:21:50,208 --> 00:21:51,376
SEE THE SKY.

579
00:21:51,376 --> 00:21:53,578
WE ARE NOT DOING OBSERVATIONS,

580
00:21:53,578 --> 00:21:57,115
WE WOULD BE DOING OBSERVATIONS

581
00:21:57,115 --> 00:22:00,419
LIKE IT'S PASSING RIGHT IN FRONT

582
00:22:00,419 --> 00:22:05,991
OF SATURN.

583
00:22:05,991 --> 00:22:06,625
WE COULD DO SCIENCE WE COULDN'T

584
00:22:06,625 --> 00:22:08,393
DO OTHERWISE.

585
00:22:08,393 --> 00:22:10,729
IF JUPITER WERE PASSING IN FRONT

586
00:22:10,729 --> 00:22:12,431
OF ANOTHER STAR, THAT WOULD BE

587
00:22:12,431 --> 00:22:15,133
SOMETHING WE WOULD STUDY.

588
00:22:15,133 --> 00:22:16,034
IN THIS CASE THEY ARE NOT

589
00:22:16,034 --> 00:22:19,338
PASSING IN FRONT OF OTHER LIGHT

590
00:22:19,338 --> 00:22:21,373
SOURCES, SO THERE IS NO

591
00:22:21,373 --> 00:22:23,775
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS NASA IS

592
00:22:23,775 --> 00:22:25,610
STUDYING, BUT WE ARE EXCITED TO

593
00:22:25,610 --> 00:22:31,650
WATCH THEM OURSELVES.

594
00:22:31,650 --> 00:22:33,552
>> IT'S GREAT THAT ALL OF US GET

595
00:22:33,552 --> 00:22:36,088
TO DO THIS.

596
00:22:36,088 --> 00:22:37,989
FOR THOSE OF US WHO DO HAVE A

597
00:22:37,989 --> 00:22:42,027
TELESCOPE, BRIANNA ASKS WILL

598
00:22:42,027 --> 00:22:43,929
THERE BE A HUGE DIFFERENCE IF I

599
00:22:43,929 --> 00:22:46,465
VIEW IT THROUGH A TELESCOPE?

600
00:22:46,465 --> 00:22:47,966
>> DEPENDING ON THE

601
00:22:47,966 --> 00:22:51,136
MAGNIFICATION.

602
00:22:51,136 --> 00:22:52,971
ON THE NIGHT OF THE 21st

603
00:22:52,971 --> 00:22:54,973
USUALLY A TELESCOPE HAS A HIGH

604
00:22:54,973 --> 00:22:57,175
ENOUGH MAGNIFICATION YOU CAN SEE

605
00:22:57,175 --> 00:22:59,010
JUPITER OR YOU CAN SEE SATURN,

606
00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:00,612
BUT NOT SEE THEM AT THE SAME

607
00:23:00,612 --> 00:23:02,013
TIME, YOU HAVE TO POINT THE

608
00:23:02,013 --> 00:23:04,249
TELESCOPE TO GO BACK AND FORTH

609
00:23:04,249 --> 00:23:05,150
BETWEEN THEM.

610
00:23:05,150 --> 00:23:06,551
ON THE NIGHT OF THE 21st THIS

611
00:23:06,551 --> 00:23:07,986
IS THE ONLY TIME IF YOU HAVE

612
00:23:07,986 --> 00:23:09,888
THAT TELESCOPE YOU CAN LOOK AT

613
00:23:09,888 --> 00:23:11,790
JUPITER AND SATURN AND NOT HAVE

614
00:23:11,790 --> 00:23:14,292
TO REPOINT YOUR TELESCOPE

615
00:23:14,292 --> 00:23:15,794
BETWEEN THEM.

616
00:23:15,794 --> 00:23:17,729
THAT'S WHAT'S REALLY NEAT ABOUT

617
00:23:17,729 --> 00:23:19,131
THEM.

618
00:23:19,131 --> 00:23:22,968
I LOOK FORWARD TO PEOPLE TAKING

619
00:23:22,968 --> 00:23:23,869
PICTURES.

620
00:23:23,869 --> 00:23:26,271
>> THERE'S BEEN AMAZING ONES

621
00:23:26,271 --> 00:23:27,606
ON-LINE.

622
00:23:27,606 --> 00:23:29,107
JUST SHOWING THE RINGS.

623
00:23:29,107 --> 00:23:30,709
I CAN'T WAIT TO SEE WHAT IT

624
00:23:30,709 --> 00:23:33,345
LOOKS LIKE CLOSE TOGETHER.

625
00:23:33,345 --> 00:23:35,747
WE HAVE WANDA ON TWITTER WHO

626
00:23:35,747 --> 00:23:38,083
ASKS SHOULD WE BE LOOKING HIGH

627
00:23:38,083 --> 00:23:39,785
OR LOW IN THE SKY TO SEE THE

628
00:23:39,785 --> 00:23:40,585
CONJUNCTION?

629
00:23:40,585 --> 00:23:43,422
>> THE SUN SETS, THE PLANETS

630
00:23:43,422 --> 00:23:46,558
RISE AND SET FROM EAST TO WEST,

631
00:23:46,558 --> 00:23:48,960
THE SAME WAY AS THE STAR, SUN

632
00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:51,229
AND MOON DO.

633
00:23:51,229 --> 00:23:54,132
IF YOU GO OUT 30°, ABOUT 45

634
00:23:54,132 --> 00:23:56,134
MINUTES AFTER SUNSET, YOU LOOK

635
00:23:56,134 --> 00:24:00,172
ABOUT 30, 45° IN THE SKY,

636
00:24:00,172 --> 00:24:01,706
HALFWAY UP, YOU WILL SEE

637
00:24:01,706 --> 00:24:02,707
JUPITER.

638
00:24:02,707 --> 00:24:04,910
IF YOU HAVE A CLEAR VIEW OF THE

639
00:24:04,910 --> 00:24:08,947
SKY, YOU ARE NOT GOING TO MISS

640
00:24:08,947 --> 00:24:10,982
IT.

641
00:24:10,982 --> 00:24:11,883
SATURN WILL BE A LITTLE HIGHER,

642
00:24:11,883 --> 00:24:13,084
YOU HAVE THEM BOTH THERE AND YOU

643
00:24:13,084 --> 00:24:15,587
CAN FOLLOW THEM AS THEY SLOWLY

644
00:24:15,587 --> 00:24:17,789
SET IN THE WEST.

645
00:24:17,789 --> 00:24:20,926
>> SO I HAVE MARIA ON TWITTER

646
00:24:20,926 --> 00:24:25,730
WHO WANTS TO KNOW HAS THERE EVER

647
00:24:25,730 --> 00:24:28,066
BEEN A TRIPLE PLANETARY

648
00:24:28,066 --> 00:24:28,967
CONJUNCTION?

649
00:24:28,967 --> 00:24:31,803
>> YOU CERTAINLY CAN HAVE A

650
00:24:31,803 --> 00:24:33,505
CONJUNCTION BETWEEN THREE

651
00:24:33,505 --> 00:24:34,606
PLANETS.

652
00:24:34,606 --> 00:24:36,541
IT'S HARDER, LIKE ONE RUNNER ON

653
00:24:36,541 --> 00:24:38,844
THE RACE TRACK CAN PASS ANOTHER

654
00:24:38,844 --> 00:24:39,444
RUNNER.

655
00:24:39,444 --> 00:24:41,146
IF YOU ARE WAITING FOR THREE

656
00:24:41,146 --> 00:24:42,681
RUNNERS TO LINE UP, IT'S GOING

657
00:24:42,681 --> 00:24:45,784
TO TAKE LONGER TO GET ALL LINED

658
00:24:45,784 --> 00:24:47,219
UP.

659
00:24:47,219 --> 00:24:49,120
INSTEAD OF EVERY 20 YEARS, YOU

660
00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:51,990
MIGHT HAVE TO WAIT MAYBE 10,000

661
00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:56,294
YEARS FOR THREE PLANETS.

662
00:24:56,294 --> 00:24:58,230
WE CAN PREDICT OR KNOW BECAUSE

663
00:24:58,230 --> 00:25:00,332
IT'S A VERY -- THE MOTIONS OF

664
00:25:00,332 --> 00:25:03,068
THE PLANETS ARE WELL UNDERSTOOD.

665
00:25:03,068 --> 00:25:04,369
WE CAN PREDICT WHEN THAT

666
00:25:04,369 --> 00:25:06,171
HAPPENS, IT'S NOT GOING TO BE

667
00:25:06,171 --> 00:25:09,407
ANY TIME SOON FOR JUPITER,

668
00:25:09,407 --> 00:25:12,511
SATURN OR ANY OTHER PLANETS.

669
00:25:12,511 --> 00:25:14,546
>> HAVE THERE BEEN ANY OTHER

670
00:25:14,546 --> 00:25:17,549
PLANETARY CONJUNCTIONS THAT

671
00:25:17,549 --> 00:25:18,984
PEOPLE CAN SEE?

672
00:25:18,984 --> 00:25:21,086
>> MERCURY AND VENUS ARE THE

673
00:25:21,086 --> 00:25:23,321
FASTER MOVING PLANETS.

674
00:25:23,321 --> 00:25:24,623
SOMETIMES WE SEE THEY MOVE

675
00:25:24,623 --> 00:25:27,025
FASTER AROUND THE EARTH.

676
00:25:27,025 --> 00:25:28,326
THEY COVER MORE, THEY HAVE MORE

677
00:25:28,326 --> 00:25:30,362
CHANCES FOR THEM TO GET LINED

678
00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:32,364
UP, JUST LIKE THE RUNNERS ON THE

679
00:25:32,364 --> 00:25:33,398
TRACK.

680
00:25:33,398 --> 00:25:39,237
WE SOMETIMES SEE TRANSIT, WHERE

681
00:25:39,237 --> 00:25:41,339
THE PLANET IS MOVING IN FRONT OF

682
00:25:41,339 --> 00:25:42,440
SOMETHING ELSE.

683
00:25:42,440 --> 00:25:44,442
IN THE CASE OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM,

684
00:25:44,442 --> 00:25:47,779
BOTH MERCURY AND VENUS HAVE HAD

685
00:25:47,779 --> 00:25:50,615
TRANSITS WHICH TOOK THEM IN

686
00:25:50,615 --> 00:25:52,751
FRONT OF THE PATH OF THE SUN.

687
00:25:52,751 --> 00:25:55,987
NASA AND MANY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE

688
00:25:55,987 --> 00:26:00,625
WITNESSED THE TRANSITS OF

689
00:26:00,625 --> 00:26:03,728
MERCURY, IT'S A LITTLE DOT.

690
00:26:03,728 --> 00:26:06,364
IT WASN'T INTERACTING WITH THE

691
00:26:06,364 --> 00:26:09,167
SUN, IT WAS IN FRONT OF THE SUN

692
00:26:09,167 --> 00:26:11,903
WHEN VENUS AND MERCURY DID THIS.

693
00:26:11,903 --> 00:26:13,471
IT WAS EXCITING TO SEE THAT

694
00:26:13,471 --> 00:26:16,007
BECAUSE THAT REQUIRES A PRECISE

695
00:26:16,007 --> 00:26:17,709
ALIGNMENT AND THOSE ARE RARE

696
00:26:17,709 --> 00:26:19,611
EVENTS AS WELL.

697
00:26:19,611 --> 00:26:21,146
>> I HAVE GOT ONE FINAL QUESTION

698
00:26:21,146 --> 00:26:25,483
FOR YOU I'M DIEING TO KNOW.

699
00:26:25,483 --> 00:26:28,687
WHAT ARE YOU MOST EXCITED TO

700
00:26:28,687 --> 00:26:30,388
KNOW ABOUT THE EVENT?

701
00:26:30,388 --> 00:26:33,325
>> I'M EXCITED FOR PEOPLE TO GO

702
00:26:33,325 --> 00:26:35,427
OUT AND SEE OUR PLACE IN THE

703
00:26:35,427 --> 00:26:36,561
SOLAR SYSTEM.

704
00:26:36,561 --> 00:26:38,863
IT'S THIS BIG THREE DIMENSIONAL

705
00:26:38,863 --> 00:26:40,799
OBJECT, THE PLANETS ARE MOVING

706
00:26:40,799 --> 00:26:43,501
AROUND, WE ARE MOVING AROUND,

707
00:26:43,501 --> 00:26:46,438
THE MOON IS MOVING AROUND US.

708
00:26:46,438 --> 00:26:47,739
THIS GIVES PEOPLE ON EARTH A

709
00:26:47,739 --> 00:26:49,341
GREAT CHANCE TO GO OUT AND SEE

710
00:26:49,341 --> 00:26:51,076
WHERE THEY FIT IN THE SOLAR

711
00:26:51,076 --> 00:26:52,010
SYSTEM.

712
00:26:52,010 --> 00:26:54,012
DON'T GO OUT JUST ONE NIGHT, GO

713
00:26:54,012 --> 00:26:55,513
OUT SEVERAL NIGHTS AND SEE HOW

714
00:26:55,513 --> 00:26:57,549
THE MOTION CHANGES RELATIVE TO

715
00:26:57,549 --> 00:27:00,752
EACH OTHER, SEE HOW THEY CHANGE

716
00:27:00,752 --> 00:27:02,387
RELATIVE TO THE STARS AND

717
00:27:02,387 --> 00:27:04,990
RELATIVE TO THE SUN AS THEY ARE

718
00:27:04,990 --> 00:27:08,627
GOING TO MOVE AFTER THE SUNSET.

719
00:27:08,627 --> 00:27:10,428
USE THAT TO MAKE YOU'RE LINK TO

720
00:27:10,428 --> 00:27:14,532
THE MOTIONS OF THE PLANETS

721
00:27:14,532 --> 00:27:16,935
AROUND US LIKE PEOPLE HAVE DONE

722
00:27:16,935 --> 00:27:18,169
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

723
00:27:18,169 --> 00:27:20,472
>> YOUR EXCITEMENT IS GETTING ME

724
00:27:20,472 --> 00:27:24,009
EXCITED.

725
00:27:24,009 --> 00:27:25,510
THANK YOU FOR SHARING YOUR

726
00:27:25,510 --> 00:27:30,882
EXPERTISE WITH US.

727
00:27:30,882 --> 00:27:31,516
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO LEARN MORE

728
00:27:31,516 --> 00:27:32,083
ABOUT THE GREAT CONJUNCTION,

729
00:27:32,083 --> 00:27:32,651
SKYWATCHING TIPS, AND ABOUT

730
00:27:32,651 --> 00:27:33,151
WHAT'S UP IN THE SKY FOR

731
00:27:33,151 --> 00:27:33,518
DECEMBER, VISIT,

732
00:27:33,518 --> 00:27:39,357
GO.NASA.GOV/WHATSUP.

733
00:27:39,357 --> 00:27:39,791
YOU CAN ALSO FOLLOW

734
00:27:39,791 --> 00:27:40,392
@NASASOLARSYSTEM ON FACEBOOK,

735
00:27:40,392 --> 00:27:40,992
TWITTER AND INSTAGRAM TO STAY

736
00:27:40,992 --> 00:27:45,930
INFORMED.

737
00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:49,034
HAPPY SKY WATCHING.

738
00:27:49,034 --> 00:27:52,253
WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME.