1 00:00:18,234 --> 00:00:20,620 >> HELLO. 2 00:00:20,620 --> 00:00:23,123 WELCOME TO NASA SCIENCE LIVE. 3 00:00:23,123 --> 00:00:26,426 YOUR CHANCE TO GO BEHIND THE 4 00:00:26,426 --> 00:00:28,328 SCENES AND GET YOUR QUESTIONS 5 00:00:28,328 --> 00:00:29,529 ANSWERED. 6 00:00:29,529 --> 00:00:30,463 I'M YOUR HOST. 7 00:00:30,463 --> 00:00:32,599 TODAY WE ARE HERE AT THE AMERICA 8 00:00:32,599 --> 00:00:35,001 GEOPHYSICAL CONFERENCE, ONE OF 9 00:00:35,001 --> 00:00:36,603 THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD. 10 00:00:36,603 --> 00:00:39,239 PEOPLE ARE PRESENTING PAPERS ON 11 00:00:39,239 --> 00:00:42,575 ALL TYPES OF SUBJECTS. 12 00:00:42,575 --> 00:00:44,711 WE ARE GOING TO LEARN ABOUT 13 00:00:44,711 --> 00:00:47,547 OSIRIS-REx. 14 00:00:47,547 --> 00:00:48,648 WE WANT YOU TO ASK YOUR 15 00:00:48,648 --> 00:00:54,921 QUESTIONS TO OUR NASA EXPERTS. 16 00:00:54,921 --> 00:00:56,623 I'M GOING TO HEAD TO THE NASA 17 00:00:56,623 --> 00:00:59,259 BOOTH TO MEET THOSE EXPERTS. 18 00:00:59,259 --> 00:01:02,729 FIRST, WATCH THIS VIDEO ABOUT 19 00:01:02,729 --> 00:01:03,630 OSIRIS-REx. 20 00:01:03,630 --> 00:01:06,633 >> IN FLORIDA, OSIRIS-REx 21 00:01:06,633 --> 00:01:08,768 BEGAN ITS JOURNEY. 22 00:01:08,768 --> 00:01:12,338 NASA'S MOST AMBITIOUS SAMPLE 23 00:01:12,338 --> 00:01:13,473 COLLECTION ATTEMPT. 24 00:01:13,473 --> 00:01:14,774 AFTER TWO YEARS, INCLUDING A 25 00:01:14,774 --> 00:01:16,676 GRAVITY ASSIST FROM EARTH, THIS 26 00:01:16,676 --> 00:01:18,711 SPACECRAFT ARRIVED AT ITS 27 00:01:18,711 --> 00:01:23,450 DESTINATION, ASTEROID BENNU. 28 00:01:23,450 --> 00:01:26,086 AS IT DREW NEAR, BENNU GREW FROM 29 00:01:26,086 --> 00:01:30,790 A FEW TINY PIXELS TO A RUGGED 30 00:01:30,790 --> 00:01:32,225 WORLD. 31 00:01:32,225 --> 00:01:34,661 THE SPACECRAFT HAS USED ITS 32 00:01:34,661 --> 00:01:38,498 INSTRUMENTATION TO MAP IT ON ALL 33 00:01:38,498 --> 00:01:39,599 SIDES. 34 00:01:39,599 --> 00:01:41,234 THE MISSION TEAM HAS BEEN 35 00:01:41,234 --> 00:01:44,771 ANALYZING THE DATA, SCOURING TO 36 00:01:44,771 --> 00:01:48,508 SELECT THE BEST SAMPLE SITE. 37 00:01:48,508 --> 00:01:49,943 NOW, WITH JUST MONTHS TO GO 38 00:01:49,943 --> 00:01:51,444 BEFORE SAMPLE COLLECTION, THE 39 00:01:51,444 --> 00:01:53,580 TEAM HAS NARROWED ITS TARGET 40 00:01:53,580 --> 00:01:58,218 DOWN TO FOUR POTENTIAL SITES. 41 00:01:58,218 --> 00:02:12,899 >> HELLO AND THANK YOU FOR 42 00:02:12,899 --> 00:02:15,135 JOINING US IN THE BOOTH HERE AT 43 00:02:15,135 --> 00:02:17,737 AGU, THE AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL 44 00:02:17,737 --> 00:02:19,372 UNION FOR THIS SPECIAL EDITION 45 00:02:19,372 --> 00:02:21,407 OF NASA SCIENCE LIVE. 46 00:02:21,407 --> 00:02:22,809 TODAY WE HAVE AN ANNOUNCEMENT 47 00:02:22,809 --> 00:02:25,545 FROM THE OSIRIS-REx MISSION. 48 00:02:25,545 --> 00:02:27,013 OSIRIS-REx IS THE FIRST 49 00:02:27,013 --> 00:02:32,085 MISSION TO RETRIEVE A SAMPLE AND 50 00:02:32,085 --> 00:02:33,586 RETURN TO EARTH. 51 00:02:33,586 --> 00:02:35,321 THE MAKEUP OF BENNU, THE 52 00:02:35,321 --> 00:02:38,758 ASTEROID, COULD BE AS OLD AS THE 53 00:02:38,758 --> 00:02:40,560 SOLAR SYSTEM ITSELF. 54 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:42,395 DIEING PARTICLES FROM STARS 55 00:02:42,395 --> 00:02:44,731 COULD HAVE FORMED THE PLANETS 56 00:02:44,731 --> 00:02:46,533 AND OUR OWN SUN. 57 00:02:46,533 --> 00:02:47,734 NOW WE'LL GET A SAMPLE AND 58 00:02:47,734 --> 00:02:50,470 RETURN IT TO EARTH. 59 00:02:50,470 --> 00:02:51,571 WE'LL FIND OUT FROM WHERE TODAY. 60 00:02:51,571 --> 00:02:55,041 WE'LL GET UPWARDS OF 30 SUGAR 61 00:02:55,041 --> 00:02:57,143 PACKET SAMPLES WORTH. 62 00:02:57,143 --> 00:02:58,745 I'M PLEASED TO HAVE SOME MISSION 63 00:02:58,745 --> 00:03:00,079 TEAM MEMBERS. 64 00:03:00,079 --> 00:03:02,982 PLEASE LET ME WELCOME DANI 65 00:03:02,982 --> 00:03:10,757 DellaGIUSTINA AND MIKE MOREAU. 66 00:03:10,757 --> 00:03:12,525 THE BIG QUESTION IS WHY, WHY DO 67 00:03:12,525 --> 00:03:14,627 WE WANT TO STUDY BENNU. 68 00:03:14,627 --> 00:03:16,763 >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 69 00:03:16,763 --> 00:03:19,098 I'M EXCITED TO TALK ABOUT BENNU 70 00:03:19,098 --> 00:03:20,400 AND THE MISSION AHEAD OF THIS 71 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:21,601 ANNOUNCEMENT. 72 00:03:21,601 --> 00:03:25,638 BENNU IS A NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID. 73 00:03:25,638 --> 00:03:28,975 ITS ORBIT IS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY 74 00:03:28,975 --> 00:03:31,177 TO OUR OWN PLANET. 75 00:03:31,177 --> 00:03:33,713 IT WAS ACCESSIBLE TO SEND A 76 00:03:33,713 --> 00:03:34,814 SPACECRAFT. 77 00:03:34,814 --> 00:03:36,449 BECAUSE OF IT'S PROXIMITY, IT'S 78 00:03:36,449 --> 00:03:40,687 A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS OBJECT. 79 00:03:40,687 --> 00:03:43,122 BY FLYING IN FORMATION WITH 80 00:03:43,122 --> 00:03:45,625 BENNU FOR TWO YEARS, WE'LL GET A 81 00:03:45,625 --> 00:03:48,161 BETTER SENSE OF BENNU'S ORBIT 82 00:03:48,161 --> 00:03:50,496 AND PREDICT WHETHER IT IS A 83 00:03:50,496 --> 00:03:53,633 HAZARD IN THE COMING CENTURIES 84 00:03:53,633 --> 00:03:55,134 AND DECADES. 85 00:03:55,134 --> 00:03:56,469 BENNU IS COMPOSED OF 86 00:03:56,469 --> 00:04:00,707 WATER-BEARING MINERALS. 87 00:04:00,707 --> 00:04:02,108 THERE IS INDICATIONS IT MIGHT 88 00:04:02,108 --> 00:04:04,444 HAVE ORGANICS AS WELL. 89 00:04:04,444 --> 00:04:05,778 WE THINK IT LOOKS LIKE THE 90 00:04:05,778 --> 00:04:08,414 OBJECT THAT MIGHT HAVE DELIVERED 91 00:04:08,414 --> 00:04:11,551 THE PRECURSORS TO LIFE TO EARLY 92 00:04:11,551 --> 00:04:12,385 EARTH. 93 00:04:12,385 --> 00:04:14,087 IT'S SCIENTIFICALLY EXCITING TO 94 00:04:14,087 --> 00:04:16,723 BE IN ORBIT AROUND THIS SURFACE. 95 00:04:16,723 --> 00:04:17,824 >> WOW. 96 00:04:17,824 --> 00:04:19,225 I CAN'T WAIT TO FIND OUT MORE 97 00:04:19,225 --> 00:04:20,860 ABOUT IT. 98 00:04:20,860 --> 00:04:21,861 I KNOW THERE IS A LOT OF 99 00:04:21,861 --> 00:04:23,763 SURPRISES. 100 00:04:23,763 --> 00:04:25,798 >> ONE OF THE BIGGEST SURPRISES 101 00:04:25,798 --> 00:04:27,800 WHEN WE SAW WHAT BENNU LOOKED 102 00:04:27,800 --> 00:04:29,335 LIKE IS WHAT'S ON THE SCREEN 103 00:04:29,335 --> 00:04:30,036 HERE. 104 00:04:30,036 --> 00:04:32,472 IT'S COVERED WITH ROCKS. 105 00:04:32,472 --> 00:04:35,408 SO ON THE TABLE NEXT TO DANI IS 106 00:04:35,408 --> 00:04:38,144 A MODEL THAT WAS CREATED AND 107 00:04:38,144 --> 00:04:40,246 BENNU MET OUR EXPECTATIONS IN 108 00:04:40,246 --> 00:04:44,884 ITS GENERAL SHAPE, SPIN AXIS AND 109 00:04:44,884 --> 00:04:45,985 MASS. 110 00:04:45,985 --> 00:04:50,156 AND IT'S DRAMATIC SURFACE WAS A 111 00:04:50,156 --> 00:04:51,357 BIG SURPRISE. 112 00:04:51,357 --> 00:04:53,793 THAT CAUSED US TO RE-EVALUATE 113 00:04:53,793 --> 00:04:56,596 THE PROCESS FOR SITE SELECTION 114 00:04:56,596 --> 00:04:58,431 AND MAKE NEW IMPROVEMENTS TO THE 115 00:04:58,431 --> 00:05:00,166 CAPABILITY OF THE SPACECRAFT SO 116 00:05:00,166 --> 00:05:01,868 WE COULD GO DOWN TO THE SURFACE 117 00:05:01,868 --> 00:05:03,469 OF THIS ASTEROID. 118 00:05:03,469 --> 00:05:04,704 >> WOW. 119 00:05:04,704 --> 00:05:05,705 WE'LL TALK ABOUT THAT MORE 120 00:05:05,705 --> 00:05:07,407 LATER, TOO. 121 00:05:07,407 --> 00:05:09,142 TELL US WHAT BENNU CAN TELL US 122 00:05:09,142 --> 00:05:11,077 ABOUT OTHER ASTEROIDS IN 123 00:05:11,077 --> 00:05:11,678 GENERAL. 124 00:05:11,678 --> 00:05:13,413 I KNOW THERE IS A LOT OUT THERE. 125 00:05:13,413 --> 00:05:15,648 >> BENNU CAN TELL US ABOUT OTHER 126 00:05:15,648 --> 00:05:19,285 ASTEROIDS IN A NUMBER OF WAYS. 127 00:05:19,285 --> 00:05:21,521 SOMETHING THAT STICKS OUT IS WE 128 00:05:21,521 --> 00:05:24,957 DISCOVERED ITS AN ACTIVE 129 00:05:24,957 --> 00:05:26,092 ASTEROID. 130 00:05:26,092 --> 00:05:28,895 THERE IS MASS THAT IS ACTIVELY 131 00:05:28,895 --> 00:05:30,596 BEING EJECTED FROM THE SURFACE 132 00:05:30,596 --> 00:05:31,698 OF BENNU. 133 00:05:31,698 --> 00:05:32,899 WE HAVE SEEN SIMILAR ACTIVITY ON 134 00:05:32,899 --> 00:05:35,234 LARGER ASTEROIDS THROUGH 135 00:05:35,234 --> 00:05:38,271 TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS. 136 00:05:38,271 --> 00:05:39,906 WE HAVEN'T SEEN THIS AT THE LOW 137 00:05:39,906 --> 00:05:42,308 ENERGIES WE OBSERVE ON BENNU. 138 00:05:42,308 --> 00:05:44,644 IT'S GIVING US A BETTER RANGE OF 139 00:05:44,644 --> 00:05:47,380 ACTIVE ASTEROIDS THAT EXIST IN 140 00:05:47,380 --> 00:05:48,981 THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 141 00:05:48,981 --> 00:05:51,517 JUST TO GIVE SOME PERSPECTIVE, 142 00:05:51,517 --> 00:05:53,519 IF YOU WERE TO SNAP A CRACKER IN 143 00:05:53,519 --> 00:05:55,555 HALF, THE ENERGY RELEASED IS 144 00:05:55,555 --> 00:05:58,057 COMPARABLE TO THE EJECTION 145 00:05:58,057 --> 00:06:01,527 EVENTS WE ARE OBSERVING ON THE 146 00:06:01,527 --> 00:06:02,528 ASTEROID. 147 00:06:02,528 --> 00:06:07,967 >> WOW, THERE'S A LOT GOING ON 148 00:06:07,967 --> 00:06:09,202 THAT ROCK. 149 00:06:09,202 --> 00:06:12,972 USE THE #ASKNASA AT TWITTER OR 150 00:06:12,972 --> 00:06:15,775 Facebook OR COMMENT STREAM. 151 00:06:15,775 --> 00:06:17,110 WE'LL TAKE AS MANY AS WE CAN 152 00:06:17,110 --> 00:06:18,211 DURING THE PROGRAM. 153 00:06:18,211 --> 00:06:19,746 LET ME GET TO THE FIRST ONE OF 154 00:06:19,746 --> 00:06:20,146 THOSE. 155 00:06:20,146 --> 00:06:25,485 HOW BIG IS THE ASTEROID AND DOES 156 00:06:25,485 --> 00:06:28,121 IT HAVE A PARTICULAR ORBIT. 157 00:06:28,121 --> 00:06:30,590 >> I CAN GO AHEAD AND ANSWER THE 158 00:06:30,590 --> 00:06:31,791 FIRST PART. 159 00:06:31,791 --> 00:06:35,728 BENNU IS ABOUT 500 METERS IN ITS 160 00:06:35,728 --> 00:06:37,263 LONGEST DIMENSION. 161 00:06:37,263 --> 00:06:38,865 TO GIVE PERSPECTIVE, ABOUT THE 162 00:06:38,865 --> 00:06:40,400 SIZE OF THE EMPIRE STATE 163 00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:41,000 BUILDING. 164 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:42,802 ABOUT A HUNDRED STORIES. 165 00:06:42,802 --> 00:06:44,337 YOU WANT TO ANSWER THE QUESTION 166 00:06:44,337 --> 00:06:46,139 ABOUT THE ORBIT, MIKE? 167 00:06:46,139 --> 00:06:49,275 >> IT'S IN A NEAR-EARTH ORBIT. 168 00:06:49,275 --> 00:06:51,511 IT'S AROUND THE SUN AND CROSSES 169 00:06:51,511 --> 00:06:53,846 THE EARTH'S ORBIT. 170 00:06:53,846 --> 00:06:55,148 THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS BENNU 171 00:06:55,148 --> 00:06:56,983 IS SUCH AN INTERESTING OBJECT 172 00:06:56,983 --> 00:06:59,886 FOR US TO STUDY IN THIS MISSION. 173 00:06:59,886 --> 00:07:01,020 WE ARE INTERESTED IN PRECISELY 174 00:07:01,020 --> 00:07:03,322 STUDYING ITS ORBIT AND HOW THAT 175 00:07:03,322 --> 00:07:05,024 EVOLVES OVER TIME TO UNDERSTAND 176 00:07:05,024 --> 00:07:06,559 NOW CLOSE IT MIGHT COME TO THE 177 00:07:06,559 --> 00:07:08,060 EARTH. 178 00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:09,061 >> OKAY. 179 00:07:09,061 --> 00:07:09,862 APPRECIATE THAT. 180 00:07:09,862 --> 00:07:13,966 SO CAN YOU TELL US WHERE THE 181 00:07:13,966 --> 00:07:17,170 NAME OSIRIS-REx COMES FROM? 182 00:07:17,170 --> 00:07:20,640 >> THE OSIRIS-REx AS OUR 183 00:07:20,640 --> 00:07:27,680 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR LIKES TO 184 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:31,984 SAY IS AN AWESOME ACRONYM. 185 00:07:31,984 --> 00:07:34,821 ORIGIN, SECURITY, ENTER PRESENT 186 00:07:34,821 --> 00:07:39,192 TAGS, RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION, 187 00:07:39,192 --> 00:07:42,028 REGULUS EXPLORER. 188 00:07:42,028 --> 00:07:42,929 THERE IS A LOT THERE. 189 00:07:42,929 --> 00:07:44,664 >> I HOPE THAT ANSWERS THAT 190 00:07:44,664 --> 00:07:47,166 QUESTION. 191 00:07:47,166 --> 00:07:48,901 LET'S SEE WHAT WE GOT. 192 00:07:48,901 --> 00:07:51,537 ANOTHER ONE. 193 00:07:51,537 --> 00:07:53,439 JIM ON YouTube ASKS WHAT ARE 194 00:07:53,439 --> 00:07:54,874 YOU LOOKING FOR WHEN YOU GO TO 195 00:07:54,874 --> 00:07:57,076 THE SAMPLE SITE, WHEN YOU ARE 196 00:07:57,076 --> 00:07:59,412 SEARCHING THE SAMPLE SITE, WHAT 197 00:07:59,412 --> 00:08:00,413 ARE YOU LOOKING FOR? 198 00:08:00,413 --> 00:08:02,014 >> THE PRIMARY THING WE ARE 199 00:08:02,014 --> 00:08:04,350 LOOKING FOR IS THE PRESENCE OF 200 00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:06,052 SAMPLABLE MATERIAL. 201 00:08:06,052 --> 00:08:06,986 WE ARE INTERESTED IN WHETHER OR 202 00:08:06,986 --> 00:08:10,890 NOT ITS SAFE. 203 00:08:10,890 --> 00:08:12,558 FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, I'M 204 00:08:12,558 --> 00:08:14,260 INTERESTED IN WHETHER OR NOT 205 00:08:14,260 --> 00:08:17,797 THESE SITES MIGHT HAVE ORGANIC 206 00:08:17,797 --> 00:08:19,031 MATERIAL OR THING THAT IS WE 207 00:08:19,031 --> 00:08:20,233 THINK ARE SIMILAR TO THE 208 00:08:20,233 --> 00:08:22,268 PRECURSORS TO LIFE THAT WERE 209 00:08:22,268 --> 00:08:24,270 EVENTUALLY DELIVERED TO EARTH. 210 00:08:24,270 --> 00:08:25,605 IS THERE ANYTHING YOU WANT TO 211 00:08:25,605 --> 00:08:26,606 ADD ABOUT THE SAFETY? 212 00:08:26,606 --> 00:08:28,608 >> OUR NUMBER ONE GOAL IS TO 213 00:08:28,608 --> 00:08:31,010 KEEP THE SPACECRAFT SAFE WHILE 214 00:08:31,010 --> 00:08:32,645 NOVEMBER GATING DOWN TO THESE 215 00:08:32,645 --> 00:08:35,448 POTENTIAL TAG SITES. 216 00:08:35,448 --> 00:08:42,922 SOME HAVE VERY LARGE BOULDERS 217 00:08:42,922 --> 00:08:45,057 AND SOME THAT ARE POTENTIALLY 218 00:08:45,057 --> 00:08:45,892 HAZARDOUS. 219 00:08:45,892 --> 00:08:46,993 SO WE HAVE HAD TO TAKE 220 00:08:46,993 --> 00:08:48,628 PRECAUTIONS TO KEEP THE 221 00:08:48,628 --> 00:08:49,929 SPACECRAFT SAFE. 222 00:08:49,929 --> 00:08:53,065 >> I WANT TO THANK YOU BOTH. 223 00:08:53,065 --> 00:08:54,267 THAT'S FASCINATING. 224 00:08:54,267 --> 00:08:56,302 NOW WE HAVE A VIDEO, SOME OF THE 225 00:08:56,302 --> 00:08:59,772 SURPRISES OF BENNU THEY HAVE 226 00:08:59,772 --> 00:09:01,607 BEEN TALKING ABOUT. 227 00:09:01,607 --> 00:09:02,508 LET'S WATCH THAT RIGHT NOW. 228 00:09:02,508 --> 00:09:06,546 >> IN LATE 2018 AT OSIRIS-REx 229 00:09:06,546 --> 00:09:12,118 NEARED ITS TARGET, BENNU, IT 230 00:09:12,118 --> 00:09:14,487 GREW TO A HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGE. 231 00:09:14,487 --> 00:09:16,589 IT CONFIRMED THE BASIC SHAPE 232 00:09:16,589 --> 00:09:19,125 WHICH WAS OBSERVED IN 1999 BY 233 00:09:19,125 --> 00:09:21,761 GROUND BASE RADIO. 234 00:09:21,761 --> 00:09:22,895 WHAT SCIENTISTS DIDN'T EXPECT 235 00:09:22,895 --> 00:09:24,297 WAS JUST HOW ROUGH AND 236 00:09:24,297 --> 00:09:27,133 BOULDER-FILLED IT WAS. 237 00:09:27,133 --> 00:09:29,035 IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO GRASP THE 238 00:09:29,035 --> 00:09:30,836 UNFAMILIAR SURFACE, IT'S HELPFUL 239 00:09:30,836 --> 00:09:32,772 TO UNDERSTAND THE SCALE OF WHAT 240 00:09:32,772 --> 00:09:34,073 YOU ARE SEEING HERE. 241 00:09:34,073 --> 00:09:36,075 IN THIS IMAGE, THE BRIGHTEST 242 00:09:36,075 --> 00:09:37,610 BOULDER IS THE LENGTH OF A 243 00:09:37,610 --> 00:09:40,046 HORSE. 244 00:09:40,046 --> 00:09:42,081 THIS IS THE WIDTH OF A SOCCER 245 00:09:42,081 --> 00:09:42,682 FIELD. 246 00:09:42,682 --> 00:09:44,483 THE OTHER CHALLENGE IS THE SMALL 247 00:09:44,483 --> 00:09:46,786 SIZE AND WEAK GRAVITY. 248 00:09:46,786 --> 00:09:52,959 OSIRIS NEEDS TO FLY CLOSE. 249 00:09:52,959 --> 00:09:54,894 IT ENTERED THE CLOSEST EVER 250 00:09:54,894 --> 00:09:57,930 ORBIT FOR A SPACECRAFT, SETTING 251 00:09:57,930 --> 00:09:59,765 A GUINNESS WORLD RECORD IN THE 252 00:09:59,765 --> 00:10:00,766 PROCESS. 253 00:10:00,766 --> 00:10:03,202 SIX MONTHS LATER IT BEAT ITS OWN 254 00:10:03,202 --> 00:10:04,704 RECORD AND APPROACHED TO WITHIN 255 00:10:04,704 --> 00:10:06,806 A FEW HUNDRED METERS OF THE 256 00:10:06,806 --> 00:10:08,541 ROCKY SURFACE. 257 00:10:08,541 --> 00:10:10,643 BECAUSE IT FLEW SO CLOSELY, THE 258 00:10:10,643 --> 00:10:13,079 TEAM WAS ABLE TO MAP THE 259 00:10:13,079 --> 00:10:17,249 TOPOGRAPHY OF BENNU. 260 00:10:17,249 --> 00:10:19,485 IN ADDITION, OSIRIS-REx PLANS 261 00:10:19,485 --> 00:10:22,021 TO COLLECT AND RETURN A SAMPLE 262 00:10:22,021 --> 00:10:23,122 BACK TO EARTH. 263 00:10:23,122 --> 00:10:24,724 THE SPACECRAFT WILL TAG THE 264 00:10:24,724 --> 00:10:26,726 SURFACE OF BENNU. 265 00:10:26,726 --> 00:10:28,628 THE TEAM HAS SELECTED FOUR 266 00:10:28,628 --> 00:10:32,064 POSSIBLE SAMPLE SIGHTS. 267 00:10:32,064 --> 00:10:34,000 OWE SPRAY, KINGFISHER, 268 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:36,302 NIGHTINGALE AND SANDPIPER. 269 00:10:36,302 --> 00:10:39,038 THE SPACECRAFT HAS BEEN IMAGING 270 00:10:39,038 --> 00:10:43,609 THE SITES. 271 00:10:43,609 --> 00:10:44,210 WHAT WAS ORIGINALLY ENVISIONED 272 00:10:44,210 --> 00:10:46,412 AS A SMOOTH AND EASY TOUCHDOWN 273 00:10:46,412 --> 00:10:50,449 HAS BECOME A COMPLEX ENDEAVOR TO 274 00:10:50,449 --> 00:10:52,385 TAG THE SMALL, CROWDED SPACE, AN 275 00:10:52,385 --> 00:10:55,721 AREA NO LARGER THAN A FEW 276 00:10:55,721 --> 00:10:57,757 PARKING SPOTS BY 2020. 277 00:10:57,757 --> 00:10:59,058 THE TEAM HAS PUSHED THE 278 00:10:59,058 --> 00:11:01,193 BOUNDARIES OF SCIENTIFIC 279 00:11:01,193 --> 00:11:02,795 EXPLORATION, GOING FROM GROUND 280 00:11:02,795 --> 00:11:05,031 BASED RADAR IMAGES TO BEING A 281 00:11:05,031 --> 00:11:06,232 FEW HUNDRED METERS FROM THE 282 00:11:06,232 --> 00:11:08,768 ASTEROID'S SURFACE AND NOW IS 283 00:11:08,768 --> 00:11:11,303 NEAR MONTHS AWAY FROM A SAMPLE 284 00:11:11,303 --> 00:11:12,772 COLLECTION ATTEMPT. 285 00:11:12,772 --> 00:11:13,906 >> ALL RIGHT. 286 00:11:13,906 --> 00:11:16,108 THAT VIDEO GAVE US A LOT OF 287 00:11:16,108 --> 00:11:18,044 PERSPECTIVE ON HOW HARD IT HAS 288 00:11:18,044 --> 00:11:20,946 BEEN TO EXPLORE BENNU ONCE THE 289 00:11:20,946 --> 00:11:22,682 SPACECRAFT GOT THERE AND ALL THE 290 00:11:22,682 --> 00:11:23,883 SURPRISES. 291 00:11:23,883 --> 00:11:25,317 WE ARE GETTING READY TO SELECT 292 00:11:25,317 --> 00:11:27,420 THAT SAMPLE SITE AND TELL THE 293 00:11:27,420 --> 00:11:28,721 WORLD ABOUT IT. 294 00:11:28,721 --> 00:11:30,623 WE HAVE HEARD ABOUT BENNU AND 295 00:11:30,623 --> 00:11:37,430 WHERE IT IS, WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE. 296 00:11:37,430 --> 00:11:43,769 NOW WE'LL GET INTO THE WHY. 297 00:11:43,769 --> 00:11:46,405 I'M JOINED BY LORI GLAZE. 298 00:11:46,405 --> 00:11:48,040 WHY DO WE DO SAMPLE RETURN? 299 00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:50,276 >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 300 00:11:50,276 --> 00:11:52,078 WE HAVE BEEN OBSERVING BENNU FOR 301 00:11:52,078 --> 00:11:53,412 20 YEARS. 302 00:11:53,412 --> 00:11:55,014 FIRST OBSERVED USING GROUND 303 00:11:55,014 --> 00:11:56,649 BASED TELESCOPE. 304 00:11:56,649 --> 00:11:58,250 THEN OVER THAT 20 YEAR PERIOD WE 305 00:11:58,250 --> 00:11:59,552 CONTINUED TO OBSERVE THE 306 00:11:59,552 --> 00:12:01,587 ASTEROID USING GROUND BASE AND 307 00:12:01,587 --> 00:12:03,589 SPACE BASED OBSERVATIONS AND 308 00:12:03,589 --> 00:12:05,024 OVER THE LAST YEAR, OF COURSE, 309 00:12:05,024 --> 00:12:06,425 WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO OBSERVE 310 00:12:06,425 --> 00:12:07,960 USING THE OSIRIS-REx 311 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:08,961 SPACECRAFT. 312 00:12:08,961 --> 00:12:10,996 BUT ALL OF THOSE MEASUREMENTS 313 00:12:10,996 --> 00:12:14,100 AND OBSERVATIONS ARE REMOTE, 314 00:12:14,100 --> 00:12:15,801 DONE FROM A DISTANCE. 315 00:12:15,801 --> 00:12:17,236 THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR BEING 316 00:12:17,236 --> 00:12:19,038 ABLE TO PICK UP SOME OF THAT 317 00:12:19,038 --> 00:12:20,539 MATERIAL FROM THE SURFACE AND 318 00:12:20,539 --> 00:12:22,374 BRING IT BACK TO EARTH. 319 00:12:22,374 --> 00:12:24,410 BY BRINGING IT BACK, THAT ALLOWS 320 00:12:24,410 --> 00:12:26,112 US TO USE THE FULL CAPABILITIES 321 00:12:26,112 --> 00:12:28,714 OF ALL OF OUR STATE-OF-THE-ART 322 00:12:28,714 --> 00:12:30,416 TECHNOLOGIES AND LABORATORY 323 00:12:30,416 --> 00:12:32,551 FACILITIES TO ANALYZE THE 324 00:12:32,551 --> 00:12:34,353 SAMPLES, TO ANSWER SOME OF THE 325 00:12:34,353 --> 00:12:35,888 BIG QUESTIONS THAT WE HAVE THAT 326 00:12:35,888 --> 00:12:37,523 DANI WAS TALKING ABOUT WHEN SHE 327 00:12:37,523 --> 00:12:39,625 WAS SITTING HERE. 328 00:12:39,625 --> 00:12:41,160 NOT ONLY CAN WE ANSWER THOSE 329 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:42,561 QUESTIONS USING FACILITIES 330 00:12:42,561 --> 00:12:44,930 TODAY, WE'LL PRESERVE MOST OF 331 00:12:44,930 --> 00:12:46,932 THE SAMPLES FOR GENERATIONS TO 332 00:12:46,932 --> 00:12:48,367 COME THAT THEY CAN USE NEW 333 00:12:48,367 --> 00:12:50,402 FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION 334 00:12:50,402 --> 00:12:52,505 WE HAVEN'T EVEN DREAMED OF YET. 335 00:12:52,505 --> 00:12:54,039 >> WOW, THAT'S GOING TO BE 336 00:12:54,039 --> 00:12:55,741 AMAZING. 337 00:12:55,741 --> 00:12:58,177 WHAT IN PARTICULAR DO YOU THINK 338 00:12:58,177 --> 00:12:59,979 WE'LL LEARN FROM BENNU? 339 00:12:59,979 --> 00:13:02,014 >> BENNU IS GOING TO ADDRESS 340 00:13:02,014 --> 00:13:03,616 SEVERAL MAJOR QUESTIONS. 341 00:13:03,616 --> 00:13:05,651 THREE BIG ONES IN PARTICULAR. 342 00:13:05,651 --> 00:13:07,853 FIRST OFF, YOU HEARD OR YOU SAID 343 00:13:07,853 --> 00:13:10,289 EARLIER THAT BENNU WE THINK IS A 344 00:13:10,289 --> 00:13:12,124 REALLY OLD OBJECT THAT'S A 345 00:13:12,124 --> 00:13:13,859 REMNANT AND PRESERVED FROM THE 346 00:13:13,859 --> 00:13:16,796 EARLIEST PARTS OF OUR SOLAR 347 00:13:16,796 --> 00:13:17,496 SYSTEM. 348 00:13:17,496 --> 00:13:19,398 BY LOOKING AT THE SAMPLES, WE'LL 349 00:13:19,398 --> 00:13:21,233 GET INSIGHTS AND INFORMATION 350 00:13:21,233 --> 00:13:24,670 TELLING US WHAT IT WAS LIKE WHEN 351 00:13:24,670 --> 00:13:27,973 THE SOLAR SYSTEM WAS FORMED. 352 00:13:27,973 --> 00:13:29,375 WE THINK THERE ARE HYDRATED 353 00:13:29,375 --> 00:13:31,911 MINERALS AND MOLECULES, WE'LL 354 00:13:31,911 --> 00:13:33,746 BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW THOSE 355 00:13:33,746 --> 00:13:35,347 TYPES OF MATERIALS WERE 356 00:13:35,347 --> 00:13:37,183 DELIVERED TO EARTH AND WERE THE 357 00:13:37,183 --> 00:13:39,919 SEEDS HOW LIFE BEGAN TO FORM ON 358 00:13:39,919 --> 00:13:41,320 EARTH BACK IN THE EARLIEST 359 00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:42,121 TIMES. 360 00:13:42,121 --> 00:13:43,656 FINALLY, IT'S ALSO GOING TO HELP 361 00:13:43,656 --> 00:13:45,157 US BETTER UNDERSTAND WHAT TYPES 362 00:13:45,157 --> 00:13:47,393 OF RESOURCES MIGHT BE AVAILABLE 363 00:13:47,393 --> 00:13:49,328 ON THESE ASTEROIDS THAT ARE OUT 364 00:13:49,328 --> 00:13:51,664 THERE AS WE START TO TAKE HUMAN 365 00:13:51,664 --> 00:13:53,566 EXPLORATION BEYOND THE MOON AND 366 00:13:53,566 --> 00:13:55,701 GO OTHER PLACES. 367 00:13:55,701 --> 00:13:58,838 THERE MAY BE RESOURCES THAT MAY 368 00:13:58,838 --> 00:14:00,673 BE OF USE. 369 00:14:00,673 --> 00:14:02,675 >> SOME BIG QUESTIONS. 370 00:14:02,675 --> 00:14:03,809 THERE ARE OTHER MISSIONS IN 371 00:14:03,809 --> 00:14:05,411 PLACE GOING FORWARD TO GET 372 00:14:05,411 --> 00:14:06,712 SAMPLES FROM OTHER PLACES 373 00:14:06,712 --> 00:14:08,347 BUILDING ON THE APOLLO MOON 374 00:14:08,347 --> 00:14:09,982 ROCKS WE HAVE AND GOING TO MARS 375 00:14:09,982 --> 00:14:11,083 AND SO FORTH. 376 00:14:11,083 --> 00:14:12,618 HOW DOES THAT ALL FEEL TO FILL 377 00:14:12,618 --> 00:14:13,953 IN THIS? 378 00:14:13,953 --> 00:14:15,654 >> OF COURSE, THE APOLLO 379 00:14:15,654 --> 00:14:17,089 MISSIONS WERE THE FIRST MISSIONS 380 00:14:17,089 --> 00:14:18,791 TO BRING SAMPLES BACK. 381 00:14:18,791 --> 00:14:20,626 WE GET NATURAL SAMPLES ALL THE 382 00:14:20,626 --> 00:14:30,102 TIME WITH METEORITES. 383 00:14:30,102 --> 00:14:32,304 WE JUST OPENED UP SOME SAMPLES A 384 00:14:32,304 --> 00:14:34,440 FEW MONTHS AGO OR JUST TRYING TO 385 00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:36,141 LOOK AT THOSE AND WITH OUR NEW 386 00:14:36,141 --> 00:14:38,377 TECHNOLOGIES, AS I WAS SAYING. 387 00:14:38,377 --> 00:14:40,212 WE ALSO ARE WORKING WITH THE 388 00:14:40,212 --> 00:14:42,147 JAPANESE SPACE AGENCY ON THEIR 389 00:14:42,147 --> 00:14:43,549 MISSION TO VISIT ANOTHER 390 00:14:43,549 --> 00:14:49,088 ASTEROID CALLED RYUGU. 391 00:14:49,088 --> 00:14:50,923 THEY WILL BE RETURNING SAMPLES, 392 00:14:50,923 --> 00:14:52,625 WE'LL BE ABLE TO STUDY ANOTHER 393 00:14:52,625 --> 00:14:54,860 ASTEROID IN COMPARISON WITH 394 00:14:54,860 --> 00:14:56,195 BENNU. 395 00:14:56,195 --> 00:15:00,933 AND THE JAPANESE SPACE AGENCY IS 396 00:15:00,933 --> 00:15:03,969 BRINGING BACK OTHER SAMPLES. 397 00:15:03,969 --> 00:15:06,171 WE'LL BE LAUNCHING THE MARS 2020 398 00:15:06,171 --> 00:15:08,274 ROVER WHICH WILL LAND, DRIVE 399 00:15:08,274 --> 00:15:10,009 AROUND AND COLLECT SAMPLES FROM 400 00:15:10,009 --> 00:15:11,510 MARS THAT WILL BE LEFT ON THE 401 00:15:11,510 --> 00:15:13,879 SURFACE FOR EVENTUAL RETURN BY A 402 00:15:13,879 --> 00:15:16,382 MARS SAMPLE RETURN MISSION. 403 00:15:16,382 --> 00:15:18,317 >> THERE IS A LOT GOING ON IN 404 00:15:18,317 --> 00:15:19,318 THIS AREA. 405 00:15:19,318 --> 00:15:21,153 THANK YOU, LORI, FOR THAT 406 00:15:21,153 --> 00:15:25,491 PERSPECTIVE. 407 00:15:25,491 --> 00:15:26,825 WE'LL BRING UP THE MAN WITH THE 408 00:15:26,825 --> 00:15:27,626 ANSWERS. 409 00:15:27,626 --> 00:15:32,531 DANTE LAURETTA HAS BEEN WORKING 410 00:15:32,531 --> 00:15:34,566 AROUND THE CLOCK SINCE 411 00:15:34,566 --> 00:15:36,669 OSIRIS-REx ARRIVED AT BENNU 412 00:15:36,669 --> 00:15:38,304 LAST JANUARY 1. 413 00:15:38,304 --> 00:15:39,905 THEY DISCOVERED THE SURPRISES WE 414 00:15:39,905 --> 00:15:43,976 HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT. 415 00:15:43,976 --> 00:15:45,878 HE'S GOING TO GIVE US AN 416 00:15:45,878 --> 00:15:50,449 OVERVIEW OF HOW THEY DECIDED ON 417 00:15:50,449 --> 00:15:51,650 SITE SELECTION. 418 00:15:51,650 --> 00:15:52,785 TELL US ABOUT THE PROCESS OF 419 00:15:52,785 --> 00:15:54,386 NARROWING THESE DOWN. 420 00:15:54,386 --> 00:15:56,121 >> AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THE MAP 421 00:15:56,121 --> 00:15:58,057 OF THE ASTEROID BEHIND US, WHEN 422 00:15:58,057 --> 00:15:59,858 WE FIRST GOT THERE, THE MOST 423 00:15:59,858 --> 00:16:02,094 OBVIOUS FEATURE WERE THESE 424 00:16:02,094 --> 00:16:06,131 ABUNDANT, LARGE BOULDERS. 425 00:16:06,131 --> 00:16:07,633 VERY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT WE 426 00:16:07,633 --> 00:16:09,168 DESIGNED THE SPACECRAFT TO 427 00:16:09,168 --> 00:16:09,768 SAMPLE. 428 00:16:09,768 --> 00:16:11,003 WE WERE LOOKING AT SAMPLING 429 00:16:11,003 --> 00:16:13,739 AREAS THAT WERE 25 METERS IN 430 00:16:13,739 --> 00:16:14,974 RADIUS ACROSS. 431 00:16:14,974 --> 00:16:16,275 I THOUGHT IT WAS GOING TO BE 432 00:16:16,275 --> 00:16:18,911 OBVIOUS WHERE THE SAMPLE REGIONS 433 00:16:18,911 --> 00:16:20,312 WERE AND IT WAS A 434 00:16:20,312 --> 00:16:23,282 STRAIGHT-FORWARD SITE SELECTION. 435 00:16:23,282 --> 00:16:24,483 IT WAS NOTHING OF THE SORT. 436 00:16:24,483 --> 00:16:25,985 THE FIRST THING WAS TO COMPLETE 437 00:16:25,985 --> 00:16:27,820 THE GLOBAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 438 00:16:27,820 --> 00:16:29,321 THE ASTEROID. 439 00:16:29,321 --> 00:16:32,658 WE HAVE LASER ALTIMETERS FOR 440 00:16:32,658 --> 00:16:35,995 GETTING TOPOGRAPHY. 441 00:16:35,995 --> 00:16:38,030 AND THE SCIENCE TEAM DID AN 442 00:16:38,030 --> 00:16:40,833 AMAZING JOB OF GETTING THAT 443 00:16:40,833 --> 00:16:42,468 INFORMATION AND MAKING A SERIES 444 00:16:42,468 --> 00:16:44,403 OF MAPS OF THE SURFACE. 445 00:16:44,403 --> 00:16:45,604 THEN WE WENT THROUGH SEVERAL 446 00:16:45,604 --> 00:16:47,106 DIFFERENT WAYS TO CHARACTERIZE 447 00:16:47,106 --> 00:16:48,040 IT. 448 00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:49,441 WE HAVE THE TEAM LOOKING AT THE 449 00:16:49,441 --> 00:16:51,377 IMAGERY AND OTHER DATA TO PICK 450 00:16:51,377 --> 00:16:54,013 AREAS THAT LOOKED SAMPLABLE. 451 00:16:54,013 --> 00:16:55,814 WE USED MACHINE LEARNING 452 00:16:55,814 --> 00:16:58,150 ALGORITHMS. 453 00:16:58,150 --> 00:17:00,853 WE WROTE SOFTWARE TO FIND FLAT 454 00:17:00,853 --> 00:17:02,988 AREAS AND WE CROWD SOURCED SOME 455 00:17:02,988 --> 00:17:04,390 OF THIS INFORMATION OUT TO GET 456 00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:05,524 THE COMMUNITY INVOLVED IN 457 00:17:05,524 --> 00:17:07,626 HELPING US SELECT THE SITES. 458 00:17:07,626 --> 00:17:09,762 AFTER THAT PROCESS, WE HAD 50 459 00:17:09,762 --> 00:17:11,563 DIFFERENT AREAS ON THE ASTEROID 460 00:17:11,563 --> 00:17:12,998 SURFACE THAT LOOKED LIKE THEY 461 00:17:12,998 --> 00:17:14,566 MIGHT BE INTERESTING FOR US. 462 00:17:14,566 --> 00:17:17,369 I SET IT UP A TOURNAMENT STYLE 463 00:17:17,369 --> 00:17:18,070 BRACKET. 464 00:17:18,070 --> 00:17:21,540 WE GOT TO OUR SWEET 16 AND ELITE 465 00:17:21,540 --> 00:17:24,243 8 AND FINAL 4 WHERE WE ARE ABOUT 466 00:17:24,243 --> 00:17:26,178 TO CROWN THE CHAMPION AND RUNNER 467 00:17:26,178 --> 00:17:27,679 UP OF THIS PROCESS. 468 00:17:27,679 --> 00:17:29,248 >> I UNDERSTAND YOU HAVE COOL 469 00:17:29,248 --> 00:17:31,083 VIDEOS OF THOSE FINAL FOUR 470 00:17:31,083 --> 00:17:31,884 SITES. 471 00:17:31,884 --> 00:17:33,719 WHY DON'T YOU GO OVER THEM WITH 472 00:17:33,719 --> 00:17:34,119 US. 473 00:17:34,119 --> 00:17:35,821 >> LET'S LOOK AT THE FINAL FOUR 474 00:17:35,821 --> 00:17:39,158 CANDIDATE SAMPLE SITES. 475 00:17:39,158 --> 00:17:43,195 WE'LL START OFF WITH OSPREY. 476 00:17:43,195 --> 00:17:45,230 ONE OF THE FEATURES IS A FLAT 477 00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:46,832 ROCK. 478 00:17:46,832 --> 00:17:49,568 IT'S 12:00 ROCK, POINTING DUE 479 00:17:49,568 --> 00:17:50,269 NORTH. 480 00:17:50,269 --> 00:17:52,304 IT DOES LOOK LIKE IT HAVE SOME 481 00:17:52,304 --> 00:17:54,106 FINE GRAIN SAMPLE MATERIAL 482 00:17:54,106 --> 00:17:55,941 TOWARDS THE CENTRAL REGION AND 483 00:17:55,941 --> 00:18:00,279 IN THE TROUGH OR RIDGE. 484 00:18:00,279 --> 00:18:01,880 IT IS A ROUGH AND RUGGED 485 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:02,714 SURFACE. 486 00:18:02,714 --> 00:18:04,216 WE WORRY WE MIGHT BE MORE 487 00:18:04,216 --> 00:18:08,687 CHALLENGING TO INGEST THOSE 488 00:18:08,687 --> 00:18:09,988 SAMPLES. 489 00:18:09,988 --> 00:18:11,590 BUT OVERALL THE SURROUNDING 490 00:18:11,590 --> 00:18:13,559 AREA, IT'S UP ON A HILL, IT'S 491 00:18:13,559 --> 00:18:15,494 FREE OF HAZARDS WE MIGHT FLY 492 00:18:15,494 --> 00:18:17,996 INTO ON THE BACK AWAY FROM 493 00:18:17,996 --> 00:18:18,730 COLLECTION. 494 00:18:18,730 --> 00:18:19,832 LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE NEXT 495 00:18:19,832 --> 00:18:20,432 ONE. 496 00:18:20,432 --> 00:18:22,968 THIS IS THE KINGFISHER SITE. 497 00:18:22,968 --> 00:18:25,904 THIS IS SIMILAR TO OSPREY. 498 00:18:25,904 --> 00:18:27,406 WE LIKE THE EQUATOR, THE 499 00:18:27,406 --> 00:18:40,319 NAVIGATION TEAM HAS HIGHER 500 00:18:40,319 --> 00:18:42,855 ACCURACY. 501 00:18:42,855 --> 00:18:45,057 THOSE LOOK LIKE THE FINEST GRAIN 502 00:18:45,057 --> 00:18:47,993 SAMPLABLE REGIONS, BUT THEY ARE 503 00:18:47,993 --> 00:18:51,730 REALLY SMALL, 2 METERS ACROSS. 504 00:18:51,730 --> 00:18:53,732 THE HOPE WAS THAT THAT SAME KIND 505 00:18:53,732 --> 00:18:56,468 OF FINE GRAIN MATERIAL WAS 506 00:18:56,468 --> 00:18:58,203 ACCUMULATING IN THE CENTER OF 507 00:18:58,203 --> 00:19:01,406 THIS CRATER. 508 00:19:01,406 --> 00:19:03,642 THIS IS THE NIGHTINGALE CRATER. 509 00:19:03,642 --> 00:19:05,944 UNLIKE OSPREY AND KINGFISHER, 510 00:19:05,944 --> 00:19:09,581 THIS IS HIGH LATITUDE. 511 00:19:09,581 --> 00:19:11,416 IT'S A CRATER ABOUT 20 METERS IN 512 00:19:11,416 --> 00:19:13,252 DIAMETER. 513 00:19:13,252 --> 00:19:15,454 IT'S CHARACTERIZED BY FINE GRAIN 514 00:19:15,454 --> 00:19:16,288 MATERIAL. 515 00:19:16,288 --> 00:19:19,491 WE SEE A FEW LARGE BOULDERS THAT 516 00:19:19,491 --> 00:19:21,326 LOOK LIKE THEY HAVE ROLLED DOWN 517 00:19:21,326 --> 00:19:25,464 INTO THE DEPRESSION. 518 00:19:25,464 --> 00:19:26,999 THERE IS A LARGE WALL OF TALL 519 00:19:26,999 --> 00:19:28,167 ROCKS. 520 00:19:28,167 --> 00:19:30,302 THAT DOES REPRESENT A POTENTIAL 521 00:19:30,302 --> 00:19:31,336 HAZARD. 522 00:19:31,336 --> 00:19:33,438 WHEN WE MAKE CONTACT WITH THE 523 00:19:33,438 --> 00:19:34,239 SURFACE. 524 00:19:34,239 --> 00:19:36,375 THE ONLY THING THAT TOUCHES IS 525 00:19:36,375 --> 00:19:40,512 THE END OF THE SAMPLE HEAD. 526 00:19:40,512 --> 00:19:41,713 THAT MAY TIP OVER. 527 00:19:41,713 --> 00:19:44,349 WE BACK AWAY FROM WHATEVER ANGLE 528 00:19:44,349 --> 00:19:46,051 WE HAVE TIPPED INTO. 529 00:19:46,051 --> 00:19:48,787 SO LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE 530 00:19:48,787 --> 00:19:49,988 FINAL SITE. 531 00:19:49,988 --> 00:19:52,024 THIS IS THE SANDPIPER SITE. 532 00:19:52,024 --> 00:19:55,460 THIS IS A HIGH LATITUDE SITE. 533 00:19:55,460 --> 00:19:57,362 UNLIKE THE OTHER THREE SITES, 534 00:19:57,362 --> 00:19:59,698 IT'S PART OF A MUCH LARGER 535 00:19:59,698 --> 00:20:01,934 CRATER, ABOUT 50 METERS IN 536 00:20:01,934 --> 00:20:02,968 DIAMETER. 537 00:20:02,968 --> 00:20:04,570 THE SITE ITSELF IS ON ONE OF THE 538 00:20:04,570 --> 00:20:06,605 SLOPES OF THE CRATER WALL. 539 00:20:06,605 --> 00:20:08,106 AND IT LOOKS LIKE THERE IS A 540 00:20:08,106 --> 00:20:09,942 WHOLE SERIES OF BOULDERS THAT 541 00:20:09,942 --> 00:20:12,544 ARE ROLLING DOWN THIS TERRAIN 542 00:20:12,544 --> 00:20:17,516 LIKE A SLOW MOTION LANDSLIDE. 543 00:20:17,516 --> 00:20:20,652 BUT IT APPEARS TO BE SHIELDED BY 544 00:20:20,652 --> 00:20:21,853 THE LARGE ROCK. 545 00:20:21,853 --> 00:20:24,489 THERE IS A SWATH OF THE CRATER 546 00:20:24,489 --> 00:20:27,125 WALL THAT'S FREE OF BOULDERS AND 547 00:20:27,125 --> 00:20:29,795 IS DOMINATED BY THAT FINE GRAIN 548 00:20:29,795 --> 00:20:30,896 SAMPLABLE MATERIAL. 549 00:20:30,896 --> 00:20:33,332 >> THOSE LOOK LIKE GREAT 550 00:20:33,332 --> 00:20:34,466 CANDIDATES. 551 00:20:34,466 --> 00:20:35,767 YOU HAVE SEEN THEM ALL NOW. 552 00:20:35,767 --> 00:20:37,002 SOME OF THOSE SPACE ROCKS YOU 553 00:20:37,002 --> 00:20:38,503 ARE SEEING RIGHT NOW ARE GOING 554 00:20:38,503 --> 00:20:41,139 TO BE BROUGHT BACK TO EARTH. 555 00:20:41,139 --> 00:20:42,341 THAT'S EXCITING. 556 00:20:42,341 --> 00:20:45,978 SO, DANTE, DO YOU WANT TO TELL 557 00:20:45,978 --> 00:20:47,779 US WHICH ONE YOU PICKED? 558 00:20:47,779 --> 00:20:48,714 >> I WILL. 559 00:20:48,714 --> 00:20:50,215 THINKING WE ARE GOING TO GET THE 560 00:20:50,215 --> 00:20:53,552 SAMPLE BACK TO EARTH SENDS 561 00:20:53,552 --> 00:20:57,823 CHILLS DOWN MY SPINE. 562 00:20:57,823 --> 00:21:00,025 THE WINNER IS THE NIGHTINGALE 563 00:21:00,025 --> 00:21:00,626 SITE. 564 00:21:00,626 --> 00:21:02,160 >> ALL RIGHT. 565 00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:04,463 MAKE SOME NOISE, AUDIENCE. 566 00:21:04,463 --> 00:21:06,398 [CHEERS AND APPLAUSE] 567 00:21:06,398 --> 00:21:08,533 >> WE RECOGNIZE THIS HAS SOME 568 00:21:08,533 --> 00:21:09,935 HAZARDS. 569 00:21:09,935 --> 00:21:11,136 WE ARE DOING A LOT OF WORK TO 570 00:21:11,136 --> 00:21:12,671 MAKE SURE WE ARE TARGETING THE 571 00:21:12,671 --> 00:21:14,039 SAFE REGIONS. 572 00:21:14,039 --> 00:21:15,240 THIS ONE CAME ON TOP BECAUSE OF 573 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,175 THE SCIENTIFIC VALUE OF THE HIGH 574 00:21:17,175 --> 00:21:19,811 LATITUDES, IT STAYS COOL AND THE 575 00:21:19,811 --> 00:21:22,114 PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF 576 00:21:22,114 --> 00:21:24,449 OSIRIS-REx IS TO BRING BACK 577 00:21:24,449 --> 00:21:26,151 ORGANIC MATERIAL AND WATER 578 00:21:26,151 --> 00:21:27,886 BEARING MATERIAL FROM THE EARLY 579 00:21:27,886 --> 00:21:29,955 SOLAR SYSTEM. 580 00:21:29,955 --> 00:21:31,356 IT GIVES US THE BEST CHANCE TO 581 00:21:31,356 --> 00:21:32,891 PRESERVE THAT KIND OF MATERIAL. 582 00:21:32,891 --> 00:21:34,826 >> SINCE WE ARE DEALING WITH A 583 00:21:34,826 --> 00:21:36,528 SITE WITH HAZARDS NEARBY, WE 584 00:21:36,528 --> 00:21:39,765 HAVE PUT SAFETY MECHANISMS ON TO 585 00:21:39,765 --> 00:21:41,199 THE SPACECRAFT. 586 00:21:41,199 --> 00:21:43,201 IT CAN TELL IF IT'S COMING DOWN 587 00:21:43,201 --> 00:21:45,937 TO A HAZARDOUS REGION AND WAVE 588 00:21:45,937 --> 00:21:47,773 OFF AND FLY AWAY FROM THE 589 00:21:47,773 --> 00:21:48,874 ASTEROID. 590 00:21:48,874 --> 00:21:50,876 THAT MAY DISTURB THE SURFACE AND 591 00:21:50,876 --> 00:21:53,512 MAKE THE REGION UNSAMPLABLE. 592 00:21:53,512 --> 00:21:56,748 THE RUNNER UP IS THE OSPREY 593 00:21:56,748 --> 00:21:57,783 SITE. 594 00:21:57,783 --> 00:21:59,785 WE KNOW WE CAN GET IN THERE. 595 00:21:59,785 --> 00:22:01,620 IT DOESN'T HAVE THE HAZARDS THAT 596 00:22:01,620 --> 00:22:03,221 NIGHTINGALE DOES, BUT IT ALSO 597 00:22:03,221 --> 00:22:04,323 MAY BE MORE CHALLENGING TO 598 00:22:04,323 --> 00:22:05,557 COLLECT A SAMPLE. 599 00:22:05,557 --> 00:22:08,293 WE THINK THE LOWER HAZARDS MAKES 600 00:22:08,293 --> 00:22:10,095 IT THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR THE 601 00:22:10,095 --> 00:22:10,696 BACKUP. 602 00:22:10,696 --> 00:22:13,665 >> THANKS FOR THAT, DANTE. 603 00:22:13,665 --> 00:22:15,000 WE HAVE QUESTIONS FROM SOCIAL 604 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:16,301 MEDIA. 605 00:22:16,301 --> 00:22:20,439 USE THE #ASKNASA. 606 00:22:20,439 --> 00:22:22,240 AARON IN THE AUDIENCE ASKS WHAT 607 00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:23,675 IS THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE OF THE 608 00:22:23,675 --> 00:22:24,176 SITE? 609 00:22:24,176 --> 00:22:27,612 >> THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE IS THE 610 00:22:27,612 --> 00:22:29,514 LARGE BOULDERS THAT ARE OFF ON 611 00:22:29,514 --> 00:22:32,017 THE EASTERN EDGE OF THE CRATER. 612 00:22:32,017 --> 00:22:34,653 THAT TALLEST ONE, I CALL IT 613 00:22:34,653 --> 00:22:36,488 MOUNT DOOM BECAUSE IT HAS THE 614 00:22:36,488 --> 00:22:38,790 CLASSIC PEAK SHAPE WE ARE 615 00:22:38,790 --> 00:22:39,725 FAMILIAR WITH FROM THE 616 00:22:39,725 --> 00:22:41,526 LITERATURE. 617 00:22:41,526 --> 00:22:43,061 THAT'S SEVEN METERS TALL. 618 00:22:43,061 --> 00:22:44,363 WHEN YOU ARE AT THE BOTTOM OF 619 00:22:44,363 --> 00:22:46,398 THE CRATER, THAT'S ANOTHER THREE 620 00:22:46,398 --> 00:22:47,299 METERS. 621 00:22:47,299 --> 00:22:49,134 IT'S A BUILDING-SIZED 622 00:22:49,134 --> 00:22:50,035 OBSTRUCTION. 623 00:22:50,035 --> 00:22:51,436 WE ARE TRYING TO GET INTO A 624 00:22:51,436 --> 00:22:53,271 CRATER THAT'S ON THE ORDER OF A 625 00:22:53,271 --> 00:22:56,007 FEW PARKING LOT SPACES WIDE. 626 00:22:56,007 --> 00:22:57,609 WE ARE DOING A TIGHT JOB PARKING 627 00:22:57,609 --> 00:22:59,344 THAT AND WE ARE AWARE THAT WE 628 00:22:59,344 --> 00:23:01,646 HAVE HAZARDS AROUND US. 629 00:23:01,646 --> 00:23:03,582 PRECISION NAVIGATION TO THAT 630 00:23:03,582 --> 00:23:05,817 SAMPLE MATERIAL IS OUR BIGGEST 631 00:23:05,817 --> 00:23:06,218 CHALLENGE. 632 00:23:06,218 --> 00:23:07,919 >> THAT'S GOING TO BE SOME 633 00:23:07,919 --> 00:23:09,554 AMAZING ENGINEERING. 634 00:23:09,554 --> 00:23:10,856 THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR 635 00:23:10,856 --> 00:23:12,791 QUESTIONS WITH DANTE. 636 00:23:12,791 --> 00:23:13,725 KEEP SENDING THEM IN. 637 00:23:13,725 --> 00:23:15,360 THANK YOU AND CONGRATULATIONS. 638 00:23:15,360 --> 00:23:16,461 >> THANK YOU. 639 00:23:16,461 --> 00:23:17,996 >> SO RIGHT NOW I'M GOING TO 640 00:23:17,996 --> 00:23:21,199 INVITE MIKE MOREAU BACK TO THE 641 00:23:21,199 --> 00:23:21,933 STAGE. 642 00:23:21,933 --> 00:23:22,434 HE WILL TALK ABOUT THE 643 00:23:22,434 --> 00:23:23,835 ENGINEERING THAT MAKES THIS 644 00:23:23,835 --> 00:23:26,371 AMAZING SAMPLE RETURN POSSIBLE. 645 00:23:26,371 --> 00:23:28,573 WE HAVE AN INSTRUMENT ABOARD 646 00:23:28,573 --> 00:23:31,410 OSIRIS-REx CALLED TAGSAM WHICH 647 00:23:31,410 --> 00:23:34,045 IS GOING TO INGEST THE SAMPLE IN 648 00:23:34,045 --> 00:23:38,083 A UNIQUE WAY MIKE WILL EXPLAIN 649 00:23:38,083 --> 00:23:40,419 AND RETURN IT TO EARTH LATER 650 00:23:40,419 --> 00:23:41,620 AFTER WE GET IT. 651 00:23:41,620 --> 00:23:42,821 SO WELCOME BACK, MIKE. 652 00:23:42,821 --> 00:23:43,555 >> THANK YOU. 653 00:23:43,555 --> 00:23:45,757 >> TELL US ABOUT THE CHALLENGES 654 00:23:45,757 --> 00:23:49,094 OF THE SAMPLE COLLECTION. 655 00:23:49,094 --> 00:23:51,430 >> YOU CAN IMAGINE WHEN THE 656 00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:52,831 OSIRIS-REx MISSION WAS BEING 657 00:23:52,831 --> 00:23:55,667 FORMULATED, THEY HAD A DESIGN 658 00:23:55,667 --> 00:23:56,668 CHALLENGE. 659 00:23:56,668 --> 00:23:58,703 HOW DO YOU COLLECT A SAMPLE 660 00:23:58,703 --> 00:24:02,474 USING A ROBOTIC SPACECRAFT. 661 00:24:02,474 --> 00:24:05,577 THE TAGSAM IS SOMETHING THAT 662 00:24:05,577 --> 00:24:08,113 LOCKHEED MARTIN CAME UP WITH. 663 00:24:08,113 --> 00:24:09,915 THE TAGSAM IS SHOWN IN FULL 664 00:24:09,915 --> 00:24:10,749 SCALE. 665 00:24:10,749 --> 00:24:12,651 IT SITS AT THE END OF A ROBOTIC 666 00:24:12,651 --> 00:24:13,485 ARM AT THE END OF THE 667 00:24:13,485 --> 00:24:14,486 SPACECRAFT. 668 00:24:14,486 --> 00:24:16,421 THE TAGSAM IS THE ONLY PIECE OF 669 00:24:16,421 --> 00:24:18,256 THE SPACECRAFT THAT WILL TOUCH 670 00:24:18,256 --> 00:24:19,658 THE SURFACE. 671 00:24:19,658 --> 00:24:21,059 IN DOING SO, ONCE CONTACT WITH 672 00:24:21,059 --> 00:24:23,061 THE SURFACE IS DETECTED, THERE 673 00:24:23,061 --> 00:24:26,498 WILL BE NITROGEN GAS BOTTLE THAT 674 00:24:26,498 --> 00:24:29,634 IS FIRED WHICH STIRS UP THE 675 00:24:29,634 --> 00:24:33,538 SURFACE, CHURNS UP THAT FINE 676 00:24:33,538 --> 00:24:35,273 GRAIN MATERIAL WHICH WILL BE 677 00:24:35,273 --> 00:24:37,509 CAPTURED IN THE OUTER RING. 678 00:24:37,509 --> 00:24:39,110 ONCE IT'S BEEN IN CONTACT FOR A 679 00:24:39,110 --> 00:24:40,846 FEW SECONDS, IT WILL FIRE 680 00:24:40,846 --> 00:24:42,547 THRUSTERS AND BACK AWAY 681 00:24:42,547 --> 00:24:43,982 HOPEFULLY WITH THE SAMPLE IN 682 00:24:43,982 --> 00:24:44,483 HAND. 683 00:24:44,483 --> 00:24:45,684 >> THERE IS SO MANY 684 00:24:45,684 --> 00:24:47,919 CONTINGENCIES HERE. 685 00:24:47,919 --> 00:24:49,020 WHAT HAPPENS IF IT GETS TOO 686 00:24:49,020 --> 00:24:51,456 CLOSE AND REALIZES THERE ISN'T 687 00:24:51,456 --> 00:24:53,492 ENOUGH TO SAMPLE? 688 00:24:53,492 --> 00:24:56,628 >> DANTE ALLUDED TO THIS. 689 00:24:56,628 --> 00:24:58,029 WE HAD TO MAKE SOME CHANGES TO 690 00:24:58,029 --> 00:25:01,366 THE CAPABILITIES OF THE 691 00:25:01,366 --> 00:25:03,768 SPACECRAFT TO NAVIGATE INTO 692 00:25:03,768 --> 00:25:05,904 NIGHTINGALE. 693 00:25:05,904 --> 00:25:08,006 WE HAVE A HAZARD MAP. 694 00:25:08,006 --> 00:25:09,641 THE ON-BOARD KNOWLEDGE THAT THE 695 00:25:09,641 --> 00:25:11,776 SPACECRAFT HAS OF WHERE IT'S 696 00:25:11,776 --> 00:25:14,646 COMING DOWN, IF IT DETECTS WE 697 00:25:14,646 --> 00:25:17,449 ARE COMING TOO CLOSE, IT CAN 698 00:25:17,449 --> 00:25:21,520 BACK AND AWAY AND WE'LL HAVE A 699 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:22,220 CHANCE AGAIN. 700 00:25:22,220 --> 00:25:23,622 >> WHAT HAPPENS ONCE YOU GET THE 701 00:25:23,622 --> 00:25:25,323 SAMPLE COLLECTED? 702 00:25:25,323 --> 00:25:25,957 WHAT HAPPENS TO IT? 703 00:25:25,957 --> 00:25:28,426 >> ONCE WE BACK AWAY, THE NEXT 704 00:25:28,426 --> 00:25:30,362 COUPLE OF DAYS WILL ASSESS THE 705 00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:31,663 HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE 706 00:25:31,663 --> 00:25:33,598 SPACECRAFT AFTER CONTACTING THE 707 00:25:33,598 --> 00:25:35,700 SURFACE AND TRYING TO FIGURE OUT 708 00:25:35,700 --> 00:25:36,935 IF WE HAVE A SAMPLE. 709 00:25:36,935 --> 00:25:39,771 THE TWO PRIMARY WAYS, ONE IS 710 00:25:39,771 --> 00:25:41,373 IMAGING THE TAGSAM WITH THE 711 00:25:41,373 --> 00:25:43,508 CAMERAS ON BOARD THE SPACECRAFT. 712 00:25:43,508 --> 00:25:45,110 WE'LL BE ABLE TO SEE IF THERE IS 713 00:25:45,110 --> 00:25:46,545 MATERIAL THAT'S CAPTURED INSIDE 714 00:25:46,545 --> 00:25:47,445 THE RING. 715 00:25:47,445 --> 00:25:48,547 THE OTHER TECHNIQUE WE ARE GOING 716 00:25:48,547 --> 00:25:50,782 TO USE IS CALLED A SAMPLE MASS 717 00:25:50,782 --> 00:25:52,384 MEASUREMENT. 718 00:25:52,384 --> 00:25:54,119 WE'LL BE SPINNING THE SPACECRAFT 719 00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:56,621 IN A LITTLE PIROUETTE AND HELP 720 00:25:56,621 --> 00:25:58,356 US DETERMINE THE SAMPLE AT THE 721 00:25:58,356 --> 00:25:59,758 END OF THE ARM. 722 00:25:59,758 --> 00:26:02,794 >> WOW. 723 00:26:02,794 --> 00:26:04,930 YOU ARE AN ENGINEER. 724 00:26:04,930 --> 00:26:07,132 WE HAVE A QUESTION, HOW DO YOU 725 00:26:07,132 --> 00:26:09,467 DECIDE THE MANEUVERS THE 726 00:26:09,467 --> 00:26:11,803 SPACECRAFT HAS TO DO AND HOW DO 727 00:26:11,803 --> 00:26:13,872 YOU ASSESS YOUR OPTIONS IN SUCH 728 00:26:13,872 --> 00:26:14,873 A TIGHT SPACE? 729 00:26:14,873 --> 00:26:16,474 >> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. 730 00:26:16,474 --> 00:26:17,909 THE NAVIGATION TEAM AND LOCKHEED 731 00:26:17,909 --> 00:26:20,345 MARTIN TEAM ARE SPENDING MANY 732 00:26:20,345 --> 00:26:23,582 HOURS DESIGNING THE TRAJECTORIES 733 00:26:23,582 --> 00:26:27,819 THAT ALLOWED US TO FLY NEAR 734 00:26:27,819 --> 00:26:31,389 BENNU AND COLLECT THE IMAGES. 735 00:26:31,389 --> 00:26:32,791 NOW THAT WE HAVE SELECTED THE 736 00:26:32,791 --> 00:26:34,593 NIGHTINGALE SITE, DOING THE 737 00:26:34,593 --> 00:26:37,128 FINAL DESIGNS OF THE TRAJECTORY 738 00:26:37,128 --> 00:26:39,164 THAT WILL TAKE US FROM ORBIT 739 00:26:39,164 --> 00:26:41,099 DOWN TO THE SURFACE AND CONTACT 740 00:26:41,099 --> 00:26:42,400 THE SAMPLE. 741 00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:43,702 THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF WORK TO 742 00:26:43,702 --> 00:26:46,137 DETERMINE THOSE TRAJECTORIES AND 743 00:26:46,137 --> 00:26:47,973 HOW ACCURATELY WE CAN CONTACT 744 00:26:47,973 --> 00:26:50,175 THE SURFACE. 745 00:26:50,175 --> 00:26:54,512 >> HOW IS THE TEAM'S WORK 746 00:26:54,512 --> 00:26:56,247 CHANGING NOW THAT YOU GOT THE 747 00:26:56,247 --> 00:26:57,882 FOCUS, YOU KNOW WHERE YOU ARE 748 00:26:57,882 --> 00:26:58,283 GOING? 749 00:26:58,283 --> 00:27:00,185 >> THE TEAM IS INCREDIBLY 750 00:27:00,185 --> 00:27:02,320 EXCITED. 751 00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:04,022 NIGHTINGALE IS AN EXCITING SITE 752 00:27:04,022 --> 00:27:05,657 TO GO INTO BECAUSE OF THE 753 00:27:05,657 --> 00:27:08,059 CHALLENGES IT'S POSING. 754 00:27:08,059 --> 00:27:09,294 THE TEAM HAS RISEN TO THE 755 00:27:09,294 --> 00:27:10,895 CHALLENGE, TO COME UP WITH HOW 756 00:27:10,895 --> 00:27:11,930 WE WOULD MAKE THE DECISION ABOUT 757 00:27:11,930 --> 00:27:13,665 THE BEST SITE, BUT ALSO TO 758 00:27:13,665 --> 00:27:15,300 CONVINCE OURSELVES THAT WE CAN 759 00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:16,601 GET THERE AND NAVIGATE THE 760 00:27:16,601 --> 00:27:18,336 SPACECRAFT SUCCESSFULLY. 761 00:27:18,336 --> 00:27:20,772 THE TEAM IS EXCITED TO BE ABLE 762 00:27:20,772 --> 00:27:22,374 TO MOVE FORWARD AND PUT ALL OF 763 00:27:22,374 --> 00:27:25,110 OUR ATTENTION TOWARD TAGGING AT 764 00:27:25,110 --> 00:27:26,511 THE NIGHTINGALE SITE. 765 00:27:26,511 --> 00:27:28,246 >> WE HAVE A COUPLE MORE REAL 766 00:27:28,246 --> 00:27:29,047 QUICK HERE. 767 00:27:29,047 --> 00:27:33,284 I'M NOT SURE IF YOU CAN ANSWER 768 00:27:33,284 --> 00:27:35,720 THIS YOURSELF, BUT LUCY WANTS TO 769 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:37,622 KNOW, ARE THERE GOING TO BE 770 00:27:37,622 --> 00:27:40,959 PRECAUTIONS FOR QUARANTINE ONCE 771 00:27:40,959 --> 00:27:41,860 THIS COMES BACK? 772 00:27:41,860 --> 00:27:44,095 >> THAT'S NOT MY EXPERTISE. 773 00:27:44,095 --> 00:27:45,330 THERE WILL BE GREAT CARE WHEN 774 00:27:45,330 --> 00:27:47,332 THE SAMPLE RETURNS TO THE EARTH. 775 00:27:47,332 --> 00:27:49,567 IF WILL ENTER THE ATMOSPHERE IN 776 00:27:49,567 --> 00:27:52,570 A SMALL CAPSULE THAT WILL LAND 777 00:27:52,570 --> 00:27:55,006 IN THE UTAH DESERT. 778 00:27:55,006 --> 00:27:56,641 IT WILL BE TRANSPORTED TO 779 00:27:56,641 --> 00:27:58,843 JOHNSON SPACE CENTER WHERE THERE 780 00:27:58,843 --> 00:28:01,680 IS FACILITIES TO MAKE THE SAMPLE 781 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:05,417 AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS. 782 00:28:05,417 --> 00:28:06,818 >> I WANT TO THANK EVERYBODY ON 783 00:28:06,818 --> 00:28:08,053 THE SHOW TODAY. 784 00:28:08,053 --> 00:28:08,753 THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE 785 00:28:08,753 --> 00:28:09,788 RIGHT NOW. 786 00:28:09,788 --> 00:28:12,090 BUT PLEASE CONTINUE TO GO TO 787 00:28:12,090 --> 00:28:13,775 NASA.GOV/OSIRIS-REx. 788 00:28:13,775 --> 00:28:16,161 IT'S GOING TO GET MORE EXCITING 789 00:28:16,161 --> 00:28:18,430 AS WE GET THE SAMPLE. 790 00:28:18,430 --> 00:28:20,815 THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR 791 00:28:20,815 --> 00:28:21,583 NOW. 792 00:28:21,583 --> 00:28:23,051 UNTIL NEXT TIME, LET'S GO PLAY 793 00:28:23,051 --> 00:28:24,252 TAG.