>> THE SUN, THE HEART OF OUR
SOLAR SYSTEM IS THE YELLOW DWARF
STAR, ITS GRAVITY HOLDS THE
SOLAR SYSTEM TOGETHER.
ELECTRIC CUR FRIEND THE SUN
GENERATE MAGNETIC FIELD THAT IS
CARRIED OUT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM
BY THE SOLAR RACE, A STREAM OF
CHARGED GAS FLOWING OUTWARD FROM
THE SUN IN ALL DIRECTIONS THEM
CONNECTIONS AND INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN THE SUN AND THE EARTH
DRIVE SAFE WEATHER CONDITIONS ON
THE PLANET WHICH CAN AFFECT
SATELLITES, CHANGE THE RADIATION
BELTS.
NEVER BEFORE HAVE WE BEEN ABLE
TO STUDY IT SO CLOSELY.
NASA PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS
DIVING INTO THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE
ON A MISSION TO CATCH THE SUN.
IN THIS SPACECRAFT, IT IS
CHANGING THE WAY WE SEE AND
UNDERSTAND THE NEAREST STAR.
TODAY, NASA WILL REVEAL THE
SURPRISING DISCOVERY THAT THE
SUN SPACECRAFT IS UNCOVERING
ABOUT OUR SUN.
>> HELLO.
WELCOME TO NASA SCIENCE LIVE.
THIS IS AN TUP FOR TO YOU COME
BEHIND THE SCENES TO GET TO KNOW
YOUR SPACE AGENCY.
I AM YOUR HOST.
THIS SHOW IS ABOUT YOU BEING
ABLE TO INTERACT AND TO GET YOUR
QUESTIONS ANSWERED.
VISIT US ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER
AND ASK US A QUESTION USING
HASHTAG ASK NASA.
TODAY, WE ARE TAKING YOU TO
TOUCH THE SUN.
PARKER IS TRAVELING CLOSE HER TO
SURFACE THAN ANY SPACECRAFT
BIRTH OF AND BRUTAL HEAT AND
RADIATION CONDITION AND GIVING
US THE CLOSEST OBSERVATION OF A
STAR WE HAVE EVER SEEN.
TODAY WE WILL SHARE A FEW OF THE
RESULTS FROM THAT AMAZING
MISSION AND THE WAVE HELPING US
UNDERSTAND THE STAR IN NEW WAYS.
BEFORE WE GET TO THE DETAILS, WE
WILL LEARN A LITTLE BIT MORE THE
BASICS OF SCIENCE.
THE WIND SPEED OF A DEVASTATING
CATEGORY FIVE HURRICANE CAN
TOPPLE OVER 150MILES PER HOUR
OR 241-KILO METS PER HOUR.
NOW 0.0MILES PER HOUR.
WELCOME TO THE WIND THAT BEGINS
IN THE SUN AND DOESN'T STOP
UNTIL AFTER IT REACHES THE EDGE
OF THE SOLAR WIND.
THE CORONA IS THE SUN
INTERACTIVE, THE BRIGHTNESS THAT
CAN BE SEEN SURROUNDING AND
CONTINUALLY EXPANDING SOLAR
WIND.
RIGHT NOW, THE PARKER SOLAR
PROBE, A NASA MISSION LAUNCHED
IN 201, IS ORBITING THE SUN AND
WILL GET AS CLOSES A
6.16MILLION-KILOMETERS OF THE
SUN'S SURFACE.
PARKER IS GATHERING NEW DATA
ABOUT SOLAR PARTICLES AND
MAGNETIC FEELS THAT COME PRIZE
THE SOLAR WIND.
MORE PACIFICALLY, TWO OF THE
MAIN GOALS ARE TO EXAMINE THE
ENERGY AND DETERMINE THE
STRUCTURE THE WIND'S MAGNETIC
FIELD.
WHILE MANY THEATERS DESCRIBE THE
SOLAR WIND HISTORY, THAT WAS
WHAT WE DO KNOW-- THE SOLAR
WIND THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC
SPHERE, TYPICALLY SEATED AT
LOCATION CLOSE TO THE NORTH AND
SOUTH POLE.
IN SOME CASES IT CAN SET OFF
SPACE WEATHER STORMS THAT
DISRUPT EVERYTHING COMMUNICATION
ON THE OCEANS, TO POWER GRISED
ON THE LAND.
KNOWING MORE EFFECTS OF THE
SOLAR WIND IS NOT ONLY% TO US
THAT LIVE ON ER, BUT CRITICAL
HOW TO MITIGATE THE SUCCESS ONCE
THEY TRAVEL BACK TO THE MOON AND
BEYOND FOR EXTENDED PERIODS OF
TIME.
MY FEELING IS IF THE SUN
SNEEZES, EARTH CATCHES A COLD
BECAUSE WE ALWAYS FEEL HIM K OF
WHAT HAPPED ON THE SUN THANK
THOSE SOLAR WIND.
>> WELL, AS YOU SAW, THE SEASON
IS ACTIVE.
ALL OF THIS ACTIVITY INFLUENCES
THE ENTIRE SOLAR SYSTEM 93-MILE
WAYS.
ONLY SO MUCH WE CAN SEE FROM
THIS VANTAGE POINT, BUT THANKS
TO NASA PARKER SOLAR PROBE,
WE'RE LEARNING A LOT MORE ABOUT
THE SUN UPCLOSE.
I AM JOINED BY PARKER PROJECT
SCIENTISTS
NOUR RAOUAFI, PARKER PROJECT
.
WE TALKED A LOT ABOUT THE SUN
THROUGH THAT VIDEO AND LEARN A
LOT MORE ABOUT PARKER SCIENCE
THAN THE GREAT THINGS WE'RE
LEARN FRIGHT.
LET'S TALK ABOUT THE BASICS.
WHAT US THE SUN MADE OF?
TALK ABOUT THE COMPOSITION IT?
>> THE SUN IS MADE OF EVERYTHING
THAT YOU ARE MADE.
THE SUN IS WHEN THEY HAVE A
BIG BANG THAT FLEW OUT
EVERYTHING THAT CONVICTED THE
SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE FABRIC OF
LIFE.
WE ARE MADE OF STARDUST.
THERE IS HYDROGEN, HELIUM,
HEAVIER IRONS.
THE SUN IS IMPORTANT TO US.
OF COURSE, IT IS A STAR.
AND SO NOT ONLY ARE WE STUDYING
THE SUN AND FINDING OUT WHY IT
IS SO IMPORTANT US TO HERE ON
ETHER BUT ALSO FOR THE FIRST
TIME REALLY GOING TO THE
ATMOSPHERE OF OUR STAR.
>> THE SUN IS A GLOWING BALL OF
DUST.
AT TOMS POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS
AND THESE ARE MADE A PLASMA AND
THE PLASMA, SO THE SUN HAS HOT
PLASMA THAT MAGNETIZES AT THE
SAME TIME AND THE MAGNETIC FIELD
PLAYS A KEY ROLE.
AND GOING BACK TO WHAT SHE SAID.
75% IS BROADENED AND HYDROGEN
BASICALLY.
THE REST IS HELIUM BUT THERE ARE
HEAVY ELEMENTS LIKE OXYGEN,
CARBON AND OTHERS.
>> SO THE ATMOS ATMOSPHERE OF
THE SUN, YOU THINK OF PLANETARY,
WHAT IS THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE?
>> BEAUTIFUL ATMOSPHERE AROUND
THE SUN.
WE CALL IT THE CORONA.
BACK IN 2019 WE HAD THE
WONDERFUL ECLIPSE ACROSS AMERICA
AND THE ONLY TIME WE'RE ABLE TO
SEE THE CORONA WITHOUT USING
SPECIAL TELESCOPES THAT WE
BUILD, SO THAT CORONA, IT IS
VERY MYSTERIOUS, IT IS REALLY
MADE OF THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE.
IT IS BASICALLY EVERYTHING
COMING OFF THE SUN AND BEING
SORT OF HELD IN THAT REGION
AROUND THE SUN.
IT IS ONE OF THE MYSTERIES FOR
US, IT IS ACTUALLY 300 TIMES
HOTTER THAN THE SURFACE OF THE
SUN WHICH IS JUST SOMETHING WE
MED TO GO AND STUDY.
WE NEED TO GO AND STUDY.
>> LET ME LOOK.
IF YOU LOOK AT IT, THEY ARE
DIFFERENT.
ACTIVITY IS ALWAYS CHANGING.
IT CREATES PHENOMENON LIKE WHAT
TALKED ABOUT LIKE THE BREEZE,
CONTINUOUSLY LEAVING THE SUN TO
EARTH AND THE REST OF THE SOLAR
SYSTEM.
THE SOLAR WIND IS SPEED RANGING
FROM 200 TO 500MILES PER
SECOND.
THAT IS A MYSTERY.
>> AND NOW WE TALK ABOUT THE
SOLAR WIND TODAY WITH PARKER.
TELL ME ABOUT THE SOLAR WIND,
WHAT IT IS, HOW IT AFFECTS THE
EARTH M WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT?
>> THE SOLAR WIND IS REALLY KEY
FOR US.
WE LEAVE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF
THE SUN, SO WE SEE THE CORONA, I
MEAN, IT IS BIG.
IT DOESN'T LOOK THAT BIG WHEN
YOU SITE DURING A SOLAR ECLIPSE.
THAT IS STRAPPING OUT.
IT IS ON THE WAY TO THE EDGE OF
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.
IN PACK, IT SHAPES OUR PLACE IN
SPACE.
SO IT CREATES ALMOST LIKE A WIND
SOCK AROUND THE WHOLE SOLAR
TESTIMONY AS IT IS ORBITING
AROUND THE MILKY WAY, SO IT IS
REALLY SHAPING IT.
THE SUN GOES THE VERY EDGE AND
INTERACTS WITH SPACE AND REALLY
SHIELDS US FROM ALL OF THIS
MASTY STUFF IN SPACE.
SO THAT THE SOLAR WIND IS REALLY
PROTECTING US.
NOW, HAS, IN THE SOL EAR WIND,
ALL THE PARTICLES CONTINUALLY
STREAMING FORWARD.
THE EARTH HAS MAGNETIC FIELD,
TOO.
SOME THNGS CAN INTERACT AND
ALLOW JUST HUGE AMS OF NERN GOY
COME INTO OUR MAGNETIC
ATMOSPHERE.
CAUSING BIG CHURNING AND BIG
ACTIVITY THAT WE CALL SPACE
WEATHER.
AND SO IT HAS PROFOUND IMPACT
FOR ASTRONAUTS AND ALSO ALL OF
THE TECHNOLOGY THAT WE RELY ON
EVERY DAY.
>> THAT IS ACTUALLY WHY WE NEED,
WHY UNDERSTAND THE CORONA, WE
NEED TO UNDERSTAND IT.
AND WE HAVE! STUDYING THE
CORONA FOR YEARS AND YEARS AND
YEARS FOR DECADES AND MYSTERIES
THAT WE ARE STRUGGLING WITH.
THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT EFFECTS
OF SPACE WEATHER IS TO PREVENT
IT.
TO PREVINT, WE HAVE TO PREVENT
THIS PHENOMENON LIKE FLAIRS AND
WE IMMEDIATE THAT BASIC
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE CORONA
WORKS FIRST IN ORDER TO PREDICT
THIS PHENOMENON.
>> YEAH.
I THINK, YOU GOT OVER IT.
ANYTHING ANOTHER SAY ABOUT WHY
IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND
THE SUN, YOU IS FASCINATING.
WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT IT ALREADY.
WHY DO WE NEED TO KEEP STUDYING
IT?
SO OBVIOUSLY, WE HAVE LOOKED AT
THE SUN IN EVERY WAVELENGTH
POSSIBLE AND SENT SPACECRAFT IN
AS FAR AS THE PLANET MERCURY.
WE HAVE NEVER BEEN ABLE TO GO TO
THE HEART, THE REG BON.
SO IT IS LIKE YOU KNOW, YOU WAP
TO UNDERSTAND HOW, HOW WATERFALL
IS FORMED.
IF YOU ART THE BOTTOM OF THE
WATERFALL.
HAVE NO IDEA WHAT IS UP THERE
ACTUALLY CAUTION IT.
WITH PARKER SOLAR PROBE WE'RE
GOING ALL THE WAY DOWN THE RIVER
TO THE VERY SOURCE THAT TINY
LITTLE TRICKLE TO BE ABLE TO NOW
FOR THE FIRST TIME GO INTO THAT
SOURCE REG XON WHERE ALL OF THIS
INTERESTING FISKS IS HAPPENING
WHETHER CORONAL HEATING IS
HAPPENING AND THE SOLAR WIND AND
SO IT IS VERY RITE CALL THAT WE
GO INTO THIS REGION BECAUSE THE
FIRST TIME WE CAN REALLY GET THE
DATA WE NEED, AS NOUR ID SAID,
WE WAITED DECADE NORSE
INFORMATION SO THAT IS WHY WE
ARE EXCITED TO BE HERE T.
>> THANKS SOP.
WE WILL TALK A LOT MORE ABOUT
THESE THINGS AS WE GO THROUGH
THIS BUT WE HAVE FUNDAMENTAL
SCIENCE ON THE STAR AND WE WILL
HEAR FROM THE LEADERS FROM THE
MISSION ABOUT WHAT THEY FOUND
OUT IN THE FIRST FOUR PAPER AS
THERE ARE COMING OUT TONIGHT IN
NATURE.
LET'S HEAR FROM THEM RATING NOW.
>> 50 YEARS AFTER THE BEGINNING
OF SPACE EXPLORATION, WE DONE
UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HEATING THE
SOLAR CORE ROAN, UP TO HIGH
SPEEDS?
SO THIS THERE IS IS A LONG MUST
RY, HOW DO YOU CREATE A HOT
CORONA FROM A COLD FOR THAT LIKE
GOING TO THE SUN, WE ARE
LEARNING ABOUT THE SOURCE OF EN
GETTERRIC PARTICLES WHERE THEY
BEGIN DOWN IN THE ARE
ATMOSPHERE.
>> THE SOLAR CORONA IS THE UPPER
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN THAT IS
MILLIONS OF DEGREES, VERY HOT.
WHERE AS THE WHITE LIGHT SUN YOU
SEE IN THE SKY IS COOL.
SO THE IDEA OF SOLAR PROBE TO
ACTUALLY GO THERE IN THIS THE
CORONA AND MAKE THE
MEASUREMENTS.
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS GET SOG
CLOSE TO THE SUN BUT IT WILL
ANSWER QUESTIONS WE CANNOT
FORMULATE NOW.
>> MY HOPE WITH SOLAR PROBE
WE'LL GET CLOSE ENOUGH TO THE
SUN AND DIRECTLY MEASURE THE
SOLAR WIND AND THE CORONA.
IF YOU ARE TRYING TO UNDERSAN
THE SOURCE OF AT WEAR FALL, YOU
ARE AT THE BOTTFUL TO IT, YOU
SEE THE MIXED UP TURBULENT MESS,
IT IS REALLY HARD TO UNDERSTAND
WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE TOP OF
THE WATERFALL.
THAT WAS WHAT WE ARE DOING NOW.
WE'RE CLOSER TO THE TOP.
WE'RE ON THE CUSP ON THE ABILITY
TO ANSWER WHAT HEATS THE SOLAR
WIND.
>> THE HIGH TEMPERATURANCE THE
ACCELERATION OF THE WIND AND
SUPERSONIC SPEED.
>> WINTER HAS ALREADY SEEN SOME
THING AS THERE GETTING A HINT
INTO SOME OF THE LONG LANDING
PRESCRIPTIONS OF WHAT WE MAY
SEE.
>> IN OPPORTUNITIES WORKING
REALLY WELL AND THE RESULTS ARE
SURPRISING.
>> I AM REALLY EXCITED WE ARE
LEARNING ABOUT THE SPACE
RADIATION ENVIRONMENT.
WE NOW MEASURE THE MAGNETIC
PEEL, THE STRUCTURE OF THE
MAGNETIC PEALED.
A WE'RE SEEING LOTS AND LOTS OF
THESE MALL SCALE ERUPTION
INTERESTS THE SUN.
>> IT IS VERY YUN IMPORTANT TO
YUN STARN HOW THEY CAN TRAVEL OR
NOT TRAVEL TO THE OUT TO THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
>> IT WILL PLAY SEROUS FLY
DOWNER STANDING OVER THE
DYNAMICS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC
FELL AND CURRENTS DRIVE BIN
THINK SUN ITSELF.
IT IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT FOR
PROTECTING SLIGHTS IN SPACE.
TO SEE THIS DATA.
IT ISZY, SURE, AND THE DATA IS
SO SPECTACULAR, IT IS TERRIFIC
STUFF.
>> WELL, GROAT FLARE THE PI'S.
IT IS UNDERSTANDING, NOW WE'LL
GET TO THE DISCOVERIES.
NICKY, CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE FIRST
RESULTS THAT WE TALK ABOUT TODAY
AND THE SOLAR WIND M I CAN DO IT
WITH ONE WORD-- SWITCHBACK.
SWITCHBACKS.
>> TELL ME ABOUT IT.
>> I KNOW YOU ARE LOOK CONFUSED.
OUR STAR HAS A VERY BIG MAGNETIC
FIELD IN IT.
AND YOU KNOW, WE THOUGHT WE
WOULD SEE A MAGNETIC FELLED AND
WE DIDN'T THINK IT WOULD BE
OBVIOUSLY JUST FLOWING OUT
TOWARD US.
NOTHING TOO SURPRISING.
YET WHEN WE GOT IN CLOSE TO THE
SUN, WE FOUND THESE STRANGE
LITTLE FEATURES WHERE IT WAS
LITERALLY REVERSION ON ITSELF
THEN COMING BACK OUT AGAIN.
>> WOW.
>> LIKE 180DEGREES.
CAN YOU DEMONSTRATE THAT.
>> YOU LOOK CONFUSED.
ALL RIGHT.
LET ME TELL YOU.
NOW, I AM PLEASED TO SAY MY
FRIENDS HERE ARE NOT GOOD.
SO THEY PROVIDED THE SUN FOR ME.
NOW, YOU WILL REMEMBER FROM WHEN
YOU WERE AT SCHOOL.
YOU SPRINKLED ION AROUND THE
BOTTOM AND YOU SAW A NICE PATENT
WELL SIMILAR WE SEE THIS ON THE
SUN WITH YOU EVERYTHING IS
COMPLICATED SO IT IS A LITTLE
BIT MORE DETAILED BUT WE ARE
MINIMUM RIGHT NOW SO IT US THE
LEAST ACTIVE TIME OF THE SOLAR
CYCLE THE LEAST NUMBER OF SUN
SPOTS ON THE DESK NOW SO THAT
MEANS THE MAGNETIC FEEL IS A
LITTLE BIT MORE CROWN FORM SO WE
CAN THINK OF IT COMING OUT ARE
INSIDE AND SORT OF LAYING DOWN
AS IT GETS PULLED OUT AS NOUR
SAID TO SWEEP ACROSS AL THE
PLANET, AND THEN THE
CORRESPONDING FIELD COMING IN ON
THE OTHER SIDE AND SO YOU GOT
THIS SORT OF REGION HERE WHERE
YOU EXPECT TO SEE FIELDS
POINTING IN DIFFERENT
DIRECTIONS.
OK.
SO WE GOT OUR FIRST MAGNETIC
FIELD DATA, WE EXPECTED WHEN WE
WERE LOOKING THAT RADIAL FLOW UP
FROM THE SPACECRAFT THAT WE
WOULD SEE JUST THAT MAGNETIC
FIELD COMING TOWARD US.
SO YOU CAN PANEL GIN OUR SUR
RICE WHEN THE FIRST THING WE SAW
WAS SOMETHING THAT LOOKED LIKE
THIS.
AND WE EXPECTED THAT TO BE A
NICE STRAIGHT LANE SO THE FIRST
THING WE THOUGHT, OH, NO,
INSTRUMENT IS NOT WORKING, BUT
DON'T WORRY, INSTRUMENT WAS
WORKING JUST FINE.
SO THE NEXT THING WE THOUGHT,
WELL, MAYBE THE SPACECRAFT IS
KIND OF IN THIS REGION BETWEEN
WHERE WE WOULD EXPECT TO SEE THE
MAGNETIC FIELD REVERSING AND AS
YOU CAN MAY IN GUN WITH THE SUN.
THE SUN IS ROTATING NOTHING IS
SIMPLE.
SO INSTEAD OF THIS BEING LIKE A
NICE SMOOTH PLAIN, IT IS
ACTUALLY SORT OF GOES UP AND
DOWN VERY MUCH LIKE A
BALLERINA'S SKIRT.
OK.
SO MAYBE THE SPACECRAFT IS
SITTING HER AND THE WHOLE THING
IS MOVING UP AND DOWN OVER THE
TOP OF IT.
THEN, WE ADD ANOTHER DATA SET TO
OUR STUDY AND REALIZED THAT
MATERIAL WE WERE LOOKING AT WAS
BASICALLY STAYING ON THE SAME
FIELD LINE.
WE WERE NOT TRANSITION BETWEEN
ONE REGION AND THE OTHER.
WHAT WE WERE ACTUALLY SEEING IS
LIKE S-SHAPED CURVE OR A
SWITCHBACK IN THE SOLAR WIND.
SO WE'RE SAYING IS S SHAPED SO
NOW YOU WOULD SEE THAT THE FIELD
IS KIND OF DOING THIS AND THEN
CONTINUING OUT ON THE WAY.
MAKING THIS SORT OF S SHAPE.
SO IT IS A BIT LIKE A WHIP
CRACK.
WHEN YOU CRACK WHIP AND HEAR
THAT SOUND.
IT IS IN NER GY BEING RELEASED
AS THE WHIP IS CRACK AND THINK
OF IT AS STRETCHING A RUBBER
BAND WHEN YOU STRETCH IT AND IT
BREAK AND YOU FEEL PAIN IN THE
FINGERS.
YOU WHAT ARE FEELINGS THE HEAT
OR EN GIR BEING RELEASED FROM
THAT RUBBER BAND AS IT BREAKS SO
WE THINK HERE, THERE IS ENERGY
STORED IN THIS MAGNETIC FIELD
AND AS IT IS STRAIGHTPING OUT,
IT IS RELEASING THE ENERGY.
AND NO, YOU HAD A NICE
DESCRIPTION WE WERE TALKING
ABOUT EARLIER, ABOUT LIKE A
RUBBER HOST AND HOW YOU WANT TO
MAYBE TALK ABOUT THAT.
>> SO LIKE WHEN YOU TWIST I, IT
IS ONE TWIST.
SO HAVING STRUCTURE ALL OVER THE
PLACE IN THE SOLAR CORONA CLOSE
TO THE SUN, IT IS NOT EASY TO
HAVE.
YOU NEED A LOT TO CREATE THAT.
AND OBVIOUSLY, AS NUKE CAN I
SAID, THEY STORED ALLOW.
THE FACT IF YOU GO BACK TO
HISTORY AND DATA FROM SPACE WE
ARE USED TO IT.
THIS ONE IS BACK TO THE SUN AND
OUT AGAIN.
THIS IS MIND BLOWN.
AND THIS, IF YOU WILL, IT IS ONE
OF THE MISSING PULSES WE HAVE
BEEN LOOKING FOR FOR FOR SO
LONG.
WE'RE ACTUALLY LOOKING FOR
INDUSTRY SOURCES THAT HEAT
PLASMA.
REMEMBER THE PRIMARY DIRECTOR IS
TO EXPLAIN THE CORONAL HEATING
THANK COULD BE ONE SIGNIFICANT
HEAT INVESTIGATION.
>> CERTAINLY.
CERTAINLY T. THE SMOKING GUN.
I THINK IT IS ALSO WORTH
POINTING OUT THAT, YOU KNOW, WE
STUDIED THE SOLAR WIND ALL THE
WAY UP TO THE TIME OF MERCURY
AND MERV SEEN THESE FEATURES.
THESE HAVE ONLY BECOME VISIBLE.
NOW WE GOT INSIDE THE ORBIT AT
THE TIME OF MARK RY AND EXPECTS
AS THE MISSION CONTINUES AND IT
GETS CLOSER AND CLOSER TO THE
SUN'S SR. FIS NOT ONLY WILL WE
SEE MORE OF THESE BUT SEE BIGGER
SIGNAL.
WE THINK THIS IS A BIG SMOKING
GUN TODAY FOR WHAT IS CAUSING
THE HEATING OF THE SOLAR WIND.
>> AMAZING.
>> FROM '58 WE HAVE BEEN
THINKING WE NEED TO SEND A PROBE
THERE.
ACTUALLY WAS.
IT IS JUST ON POINT.
GOING TO THE SOURCE.
WE SHOW UP.
THE MISSING PIECES OF THE CORE
LIEN FOR DECADES NOW.
>> THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE
SWITCHBACKS THE NEW DETAILS IS
IT FOR PREDICTS, FOR SAFETY IN
THE EARTH'S SPACE WEATHER AREA
AND THE EARTH.
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATION OF IT?
>> WELL, IT IS UNDERSTANDING
WHAT IS CAUSING THIS ASELL RIGS
AND SO, YOU FOE, IF YOU THINK
ABOUT IT.
BY THE TIME GET TO THE ETHER.
WE GOT THIS SORT OF SMOOTH FLOW
P. WHAT IS CAUSING THIS
ACCELERATION.
SO WE'RE SEEING LITTLE
SIGNATURESES OF THIS
ACCELERATION.
WHEN YOU ADD ALL OF THESE
SIGNATURES TODAY.
YOU GET A BIG WAVE.
ANOTHER FIRST TIME, WE'RE
STARTING TO BE ABLE TO SEE
FEATURES IN THE SOL ARE WINDS
THAT ARE TELLING US THE SOLAR
WIND IS BEING ACCELERATED.
OBS I, WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS GET
CLOSER AND CLOSER TO THE SUN, IT
STARS TO LINK THESE FEATURES TO
THE SOURCES ON THE SOLAR SUR
PACE.
AND ONCE WE CAN START TO DO
THAT, THEN, THEN THE MAKE
TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPROVE 789S ON
OUR ACHE TO PREDICT THE SPACE
WEATHER THAT IS COMING TOWARD
US.
SO LOTS OF GREAT STUFF HERE.
>> PRETTY AMAZING.
>> WELL, WE ARE READY TO TAKE
QUESTIONS FROM OUR VIEWERS.
REMINDER TO EVERYBODY WATCHING.
HASHTAG IS ASK NASA.
PUT THAT IN THE BOX WHERE YOU
ARE WATCHING OR USE IT ON
TWITTER AND FACEBOOK.
SO THE FIRST ASK NASA QUESTION I
THINK WE ANSWERED IT A LITTLE
BIT.
INITIAL RESULTS GIVE MANY CLUES
OZ TO THE SUPER HEATING
QUESTION.
WE TALKED ABOUT THAT A LITTLE.
SWITCHBACKS THE NERN GN THE
MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND THE SUN.
>> YEAH.
WE HAVE SEEN UNEXPECTED WAVES
THAT WE THINK ARE STARTING TO
EXCITE THE PLASMA TO ACTUALLY
CAUSE THE SWITCHBACKS IN THE
MAGNETIC FIELD.
AS FOUR NOTE, ITS HARD.
HAVE TO PUT SOME ENERGY IN THERE
TO GET THIS FEATURE AND SO, YOU
KNOW, WE SEE THESE UNUSUAL WAVE
STRUCTURES, AGAIN, WE EXPECT
THEM TO GET LARGER AND LARGER AS
WE GET CLOSE FOR THE SUN, SO
MANY THINGS IN THIS DATA SET,
THAT ARE EXCITING TO US, BUT
THESE SWITCHBACKS ARE CERTAINLY
DEADLY SMOKING GUN, AND LOOKING
FOR WORD TO GETTING MORE
INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT CAUSES
THOSE.
>> GREAT.
EVEN THESE SWITCHBACKS ARE
INTERESTING PHENOMENON.
BUT THERE ARE PERIODS OF TIME
WHEN IT IS SITE.
THERE ARE NO SWITCHBACKS THERE.
>> WE SEE A LOT DURING THE
FLIGHT PERIOD WHERE THE MAGNETIC
FIELD IS STUDY.
ONCE IT COPS IN AND THE WAY IT
IS, IT IS ISN'T SWITCHBACKS.
>> DEFINITELY A LOT OF EXCITING
STUFF.
>> ANOTHER QUESTION THE HEATING
ISSUE.
MAD DY ON TWITTER WANTS TO KNOW
IF YOU HAVE BEEN BETWEEN THE
CORE FLOWN AND THE SUR PACE, HOW
DO WE KNOW THE CORONA IS HOTTER
THAN THE SURFACE?
>> OH.
>> THIS IS ONE OF THE FAVORITE
STORIES.
>> EXACTLY.
>> BACK IN 1869, THERE WAS TWO
AMERICANS THEY WENT TO OBSERVE
THE SOLAR ECLIPSE AND OBSERVE
THE SAME INITIAL SOLAR CORONA.
IT IS ACTUALLY LIGHTING THE
GREEN PART OF THE SPECTRUM, AND
THAT LASTED FOR 70 YEARS WHEN
YOU DIP KNOW WHAT WAS THE
CHEMICAL ELEMENT IN THAT.
>> IN 1959 WE KNEW.
WE DISCOVERED THE BACK.
THE FACT THEY EXIST MEANS THE
CORONA IS EXTREMELY HOT BECAUSE
YOU CAN NOT EYE ONIZE 15 TIMES
WITHOUT HAVING PLACE PLA IN THE
MILLIONS OF DEGREES SO THE
CORONA MUST BE HARD FOR THIS TO
BE WILLING.
THAT IS HOW WE KNOW THEY ARE
THERE.
THEY THOUGHT WITH ITS A WHOLE
NEW ELEMENT SO ACTUALLY, NOT TOO
LONG BEFORE THAT THEY DISCOVERED
HELIUM AND ALSO IN THE SAME WAY
USING THESE DURING THE ECLIPSE
AND DISCOVERED HELIUM AND
THOUGHT WE DISCOVERED ANOTHER
MATERIAL AND CALLED IT CORONA
THAN IS WHERE THE CONTROVERSY
CAME AND THE GROUPS THAT
THOUGHT, AND ANOTHER GROUP THAT
SAID, NO, IT IS IRON.
IS SUPER HEATED THAT IT HAS ALSO
AL THE ELECTRONS AND SO THAT WAS
HOW THEY DISCOVERED IT 300 TIMES
HOTTER THE ONLY WAY.
>> WOW.
>> TIME FOR ONE QUICK QUESTION
HERE.
>> ARE THERE CORRELATIONS
BETWEENS THE MAGNETIC FIELD
DIRECTION AND LOCAL CORONA
TEMPERATURE?
>> WE DON'T KNOW YET, ACTUALLY.
PROBABLY NOT.
WE REALLY CARE MORE ABOUT THE
MAGNETIC FIELD DIRECTION OF HOW
IT IMPACTS US HERE ON EARTH
BECAUSE, OBVIOUSLY, IF IT IS
POINTING IN THE OPPOSITE WAY TO
THEATER'S PEALED, THEN JUST LIKE
LIGHT POLES RAPPEL AND OPPOSITE
ATTRACTS WITH MAGNETS WE GET
ATTRACTION AND ACTUAL CONNECTION
AND ALLOWS AN AWFUL LOT OF
ENERGY, WE CARE ABOUT THE
DIRECTION OF REALLY WHEN IT GETS
HERE TO EARTH.
IT IS REALLY THE MAGNITUDE, THE
STRENGTH OF THAT MAGNETIC FIELD
THAT I THINK IS GOING TO BE MORE
IMPORTANT.
>> AND THE SUN, AS NIKKI SAID,
ACTUALLY, IT IS NOT AS
IMPORTANT.
THE COMPLEXITY AND SO FORTH.
THE MOST IMPORTANT IS AVAILABLE
FOR THE PLASMA.
IT TRANSFERS ENERGY TO THE PLACE
IN THE FORM OF HEAT.
IT IS COMPLEXITY.
>> THE MOST MOSHE TWISTED IT IS,
THE MORE END NER GIT HAS.
>> REAL QUICKLY BEFORE WE GO TO
THE NEXT SECT WHICH IS A
DEMONSTRATION OF THE PARKER HEAT
SHIELD.
I DO WANT TO NOTE REAL QUICKLY.
NICK WHERE I, HOW IT GOES
THROUGH THE SUPER HOT AREA.
>> PLASMA.
YEAH.
SO WOULD YOU TOUCH THE OF SNOW.
>> NEVER.
GOOD.
SO WE TALK ABOUT THIS THREE
MILLION DEGREE PLASMA.
BUT THE PLASMA ITSELF IS NOT
ADVANCED.
IT IS CONTINUOUS PLASMASON THERE
ARE NOT THAT MANY PARTICLES
THERE.
IF YOU THINK ABOUT TURNING THE
STOVE ON AND YOU PUT LIKE
450DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, YOU CAN
PUT YOUR HAND INSIDE THE OVEN
AND YOU WON'T BURN YOURSELF
UNLESS YOU ACTUALLY TOUCH
SOMETHING.
DO NOT TRY.
IF YOU TOUCH SOMETHING THEN YOU
ACTUALLY ALLOW THAT HEAT TO
COUPLE THE FINGERS AND YOU WILL
GET BURNED.
SO LOOK THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE
NOT THAT MANY PARTICLE ALSO.
THE INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES ARE
TEMPERATURE OF THREE MILLION
DEGREES RECOVERALL THERE IS NOT
THAT MUCH KIND OF, YOU KNOW,
ATMOSPHERE THERE TO REALLY KUMM
THE SPACE.
WE HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE HEAT.
WE'RE UP BY THE SUN.
IT IS REALLY BRIGHT.
YOU PUT YOUR HAN MARE A LIGHT
BULB YOU WILL FEEL THAT HEAT.
WE ACTUALLY WORRY ABOUT THAT.
SO WE HAVE THIS INCREDIBLE HEAT
SHIELD THAT STILL HAS TO
WITHSTAND TEMPERATURES OF ABOUT
2500DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ON THE
FRONT SIDE WHERE AS THE
INSTRUMENTS THAT SIT ON THE MAIN
BODY OF THE SPACECRAFT THEY HIDE
OR YOU KNOW, THEY LIVEN THE
SHADOW THAT IS CREATED BY THE
HEAT SHIELD.
SO THEY ARE AT THE TEMPERATURE
OF 90-85 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT LIKE
A FLORIDA EVENING IN AUGUST.
>> ALL RIGHT.
>> IT IS AMAZING.
WE HAVE
BETSY CONGDON, LEAD HEAT SHIELD
ENGINEER, PARKER SOLAR PROBE
JIM KINNISON, PARKER MISSION
SYSTEM ENGINEER, APL
THEY SHOWED US A FULL-SIZE MODEL
AND DID A DEMONSTRATION FOR US.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK.
>> THANKS.
I AM HERE WITH A HEAT SHIELD.
IT IS AN EX AC REPLICA OF WHAT
IS FLYING IN SPACE.
THE TOP HEAT SHIELD IS EIGHT
FEET IN DIAMETER AND FOUR AND A
HALF INCHES THICK.
THE TOP SURFACE HAS WHITE
COATING TO REFLECT ENERGY P. IT
IS LIKE BEING IN A WHITE CAR IN
A HOT DAY AS OPPOSED TO BE A
BLACK CAR IN A HOT DAY.
WOULD YOU MUCH RATHER BE IN THE
WHITE CAR.
THE WHOLE HEAT SHIELD IS SIT ON
PRAIM THAT CONNECTS TO THE
SPACECRAFT AND THE SYSTEM HEATS
PARKER SOLAR PROBE AT A COOL
5DEGREES AS WE APPROACH THE SUN
AND NOW I WILL SHOW A DEMO.
HI.
>> HI, BETSY.
HERE WE GOT A CUTOUT OF THE HEAT
SHIELD.
THE SAME THING.
FOUR NACH INCHES THICK.
CAR BEEN CAR BEEN ON EITHER
SIDE.
CARBON CARBON IS LIKE WHAT YOU
FIND THE TENNIS RACKET AND THE
GOLF CLUB.
THE IN SIDE IS ABOUT THREE
PERCENT DENSE ONE OF THE REASONS
WHY IT IS LIGHTWEIGHT.
OK.
>> LET'S GIVE IT A TRY.
OK.
IT IS NOT GOING TO HURT, IS IT?
>> I DON'T THINK SO.
>> OK.
I WILL GET THE FRONT RED HOT.
NOT QUITE AS HOT AS IT IS IN THE
SUN.
WE CAN'T QUITE DO THAT.
IT IS PRETTY HOT.
I CAN FEEL THE HEAT.
JIM IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO TOUCH
THE BACK SIDE WITH THE HAPPENED.
>> LET'S DO.
>> WOW.
THAT IS COOL.
EYE DONE FEEL ANY HEAT AT ALL.
>> NOTHING.
I CERTAINLY HE'LL FEEL HEAT AND
STARTING TO GET WAY RED HER ON
THE FRONT SIDE HERE.
>> NOTHING HERE.
>> AND THAT IS A HEAT CHILD
TECHNOLOGY THAT KEEPS PARKER
SOLAR PROBE SAFE AT THE SUN.
>> WOW.
THANKS, BET SANEIAM, THAT PUTS
IT INTO PERSPECTIVE THE EXTREME
IN CONDITIONS.
THE NEXT TONGUE DEALS WITH MORE
SCIENCE THAT PARKER UNCOVERED
DURING THE CLOSE FLYBY TO THE
SUN AND FLY BACK TO THE LAB AND
TO THE PARKER OPERATION CENTER
MY FRIEND KAREN FOX THERE IS AND
ALEIDA HIGGINSON, PARKER DEPUTY
PROJECT SCIENTIST FOR SCIENCE
OPERATION, APL
TOLL US WHERE ARE AND THE
SCIENCE?
>> THANK YOU, GRAY.
>> I AM HERE AT THE MISSIONS
OPERATION CENTER.
AT JOHN HOPKINS APL.
THE CONTROL CENTER FOR PARKER
SOLAR PROBE AND THIS IS WHERE IT
ALL HAPPENS.
I AM HERE WITH ERIC WHO IS THIS
DEPUTY PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR
FOR THE INSTRUMENTS ON PARKER
AND THE DEPUTY PROJECT SCIENTIST
HERE AT APL FOR PARKER.
WELCOME.
>> THANK YOU.
>> THANKS.
>> WELL, TELL US WHERE WE ARE.
WHAT IS GOING ON HERE?
>> THIS IS THE MISSION OPERATION
CENTER AND ALL THE DATA FROM THE
SPACECRAFT BY RADIO THROUGH THE
DEEP SPACE NETWORK WIGS ARRAY OF
ANTENNAS NASA MAINTAINS AROUND
THE WORLD.
ALL OF THAT DATA COMES HOOKING
THE DEEP SEA HERE IN THE CENTER
BEFORE GETTING DISDRUB BUTED TO
SEE YOU INTERESTS AROUND THE
WORLD WHO ARE DOING THE REAL
WORK WITH THE SCIENCE.
BUT ALSO, ALL THE COMMANDS AND
THE SPACECRAFT GET SENT FROM
THIS MISSION OPERATION CENTER
AND REALLY THE HEART OF THE
MISSION.
>> SO RIGHT HERE, RIGHT NOW.
THE PLACE WHERE THINGS ARE GOING
UP AND DOWN AND TALKING TO THE
MISSION.
HOW OFTEN ARE YOU IN CONTACT
WITH PARKER SOLAR PROBE.
>> A FEW THINGS THAT INTERFERE
WITH THE ABILITY TO TALK TO THE
SPACECRAFT.
>> ONCE THE FRONT ITSELF.
IF PARKER IS ON THE OTHER SIDE
OF THE SUN.
OBVIOUSLY, THAT IS GOING TO SPER
FER WITH COMMUNICATION.
THE OTHER HAS TO DO WITH THE
ANGLE BETWEEN THE HEAT SHIELD
AND AND TEN INAND THE SPACECRAFT
USES TO TALK TO ETHER.
WHEN PARKER GETS CLOSE TO THE
SUN, THEN WE HAVE TO KEEP THAT
HEAT SHIELD POINTED AT THE SUN
TO PROTECT THE SPACECRAFT AND
SOMETIMES THAT MEANS WE CANNOT
POINT THE ANTENNA.
WE GO THROUGH PHASES OF GOOD
TIMES TO TALK TO SPACECRAFT AND
BAD.
RIGHT NOW, WE'RE IN SPAED SPACE
SO WE CAN TALK EVERY DAY DAY OR
EVERY FEW DAYS.
FANTASTIC.
WE'RE HERE TODAY TO TALK ABOUT
THE SCIENCE SEEN BY THE SIGNALS
THAT HAVE COME DONE, LAID DOWN
THE OB SER VAGUESES FROM PARKER
SOLAR PROBE.
FIRST UP, TELL US ABOUT THE
DUST-FREE ZONE WE'RE SPOTTING
AROUND THE SUN?
>> YES.
THERE IS A DUST CLOUD THAT FILLS
THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM THAT IS
MADE UP OF COMETS AND ASTEROIDS.
AS THE PIECES BREAK OFF, THEY
SPIRAL TO THE SUN AND COLLIDE
WITH EACH OTHER AND BREAK INTO
SMALLER AND SMALLER PIECES WHEN
THEY GET CLOSE TO THE SUN AND
SMALL THEY GET COMPLETELY
VAPORIZED BY THE SUN OR SO SMALL
THE PURCHASE PRESSURE FROM THE
LIGHT OF THE SUN ITSELF IS
ENOUGH TO PUSH THEM BACK OUT
AWAY THE SUN AND BELIEVED TO
CREATE THIS REGION AROUND THE
SUN WHERE THERE IS NO DUST AT
ALL OR THE DUST-FREE ZONE.
YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE THE DUST
CLOUD FROM EARTH ITSELF.
IT IS CALLED THE LIGHT BUT YOU
CAN'T SEE THE DUST-FREE ZONE SO
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS DIVE
THROUGH THE DUST CLOUD AND
FINALLY GETTING THE FIRST HINT
WE MAY BE ABLE TO DETECT THE
DUST FREE GLOBE FOR THE FIRST
TIME.
>> AND PREDICTION ABOUT THIS
DUST-FREE ZONE ABOUT 100 YEARS
AGO, RIGHT?
>> YES.
1920 BY HENRY RUSSELL.
HAS BEEN A LONG TIME.
SO EXCITING WE ARE FIGURING
THINGS OUT THAT WE PREDICTED
FROM LONG AGO.
ANOTHER THING WE TALK ABOUT
TODAYS THE SOL A ARE WIND.
THE TREAM OF PART NELLS FLOW
FRAUGHT THE SUN WE HAVE BEEN
TALKING ABOUT.
WHAT WE LEARNED FROM PARKER IS
THAT IT IS ROTATING WITH THE SUN
IN A DIFFERENT WAY THAN
EXPECTED.
>> SO THE SOLAR WIND BLOWS OUT
UNALL DIRECTIONS FROM THE SUN,
BUT WE KNOW THE CORONA, THE
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN ROTATES
WITH THE SUN, IT HAS BEEN EVERY
26 DAYS AND BUT ON EARTH, THE
SOLAR WIND IS MOVING STRAIGHT
OUT FROM THE SUN SO THERE HAS
GOT TO BE A TRANSITION THE
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN GROSS
ROTATING WITH THE SUN TO MOVING
STRAIGHT.
THE DATA FROM PARKER SOLAR
PROBE SHOWS THAT TRANSITION
HAPPENS FOR THE FROM THE SUN
THAN WE THOUGHT THAN THE THEORY
PREDICTED.
THAT IS ACTUALLY REALLY
INTERESTING BECAUSE THIS SLOWING
DOWN THIS STRAIGHTENING OUT OF
THE SOLAR WIND WHAT IS SLOWS
DOWN THE SPIN OF ALL STARS IN
THE UNIVERSE.
AND SO, AS THE STAR EVOLVES AND
SPINS SLOWER AND SLOWER AND
SPINNING EFFECTS THE AC OF TY
THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR SPACE
WEATHER, THE NUMBER OF STORMS
THAT YOU GET FROM A STAR THAT
GENES ON HOW FAST IT IS
SPINNING.
SO THIS EFFECTS THE EVOLUTION OF
ALL THE STARS IN THE GALAXY.
ALL THE STARS IN THE UNIVERSE
AND CAN EFFECT HABITABILITY OF
SOLAR SYSTEMS FAR AWAY FROM OUR
OWN.
REALLY OXIDING.
>> WELL, I THINK THAT IS GREAT
WE ARE SENDING OUR STAR AND ABLE
TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THE
ENTIRE UNIVERSE WHEN WE DO THAT.
A YEAH.
SO OUR STAR IS THE ONLY, OUR
STARS THE ONLY STAR WE CAN
DIRECTLY GO WITH PARKER SOLAR
PROBE AND MEASURE WHAT IS
HAPPENING.
ALL THE OTHERS WERE SO FAR AWAY
FROM TELESCOPES AND TELL IS A
LOT.
ACTUALLY GETTING THERE WHERE THE
ACTION IS AND THE PARKER SOLAR
PROBE DISSEIBED TO DO.
>> GREAT.
WE HAVE ONE MORE DISCOVER ARE
YOU WE ARE TALKING ABOUT TODAY.
THE MORE AND HERE AND NOW WHICH
IS ABOUT SPACE WEATHER WHICH CAN
AFFECT ASTRONAUT AND TECHNOLOGY
NEAR EARTH AND WE SAW WITH
PARKER THE SEEDS OF SOME OF
THOSE SPACE WEATHER EVENTS.
TELL US ABOUT THAT.
SO THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE SEES A
BUNCH OF VERY SMALL SOLAR FLARES
THESE ARE EXPLOSIONS ON THE SUN
THAT CAN ACCELERATE PARTICLES UP
TO ALMOST THE SPEED OF LIGHT AND
THE SOLE ARE PARTICLES THE FAST
PARTICLES THAT ARE A DANGER TO
SPACECRAFT AND ASTRONAUT WHEN
THEY GET AWAY FROM MAGNETIC
FIELD OF THE EARTH FOR EXAMPLE
GOING TO THE MACHINE OR THE
MARS.
SO THESE ARE INTERESTING FROM
THE STANDPOINT OF SPACE WEATHER
AND PARKER HAS SEEN SMALL EVENTS
THAT ARE COMPLETELY WASHED OUT
BOY THE TIME WE GET TO EARTH AND
NEVER SEEN THEM BEFORE BUT THEY
FORMED THE KEY TOWNER STANDING
WHAT ACCELERATING THE SOLAR
PARTICLES MILLION WE UNDERSTAND
THE BASS UK SCIENCE WE CANNOT
PREDICT THEM.
ALL RIGHT.
THANKS.
WE ARE NOW GOING TO TAKE COUPLE
OF YOUR QUESTIONS FROM ASK NASA.
THE FIRST ONE IS FROM MARK ON
TWITTER AND DOING DO WE KNOW HOW
HOT THE SHIELD GOT VERSUS HOW
HOT YOU CALCULATED IT WOULD GET
INTO WE DON'T HAVE SEM TURE
SENSORS ON THE FRONT OF THE HEAT
SHIELD BUT TEMPERATURES BEHIND
THE HEAT SHIELD AT THE BACK SIDE
THEN WE USE MODEL TO SAY, OK.
IF WE KNOW THE FRONT OF THE HEAT
SHIELD THIS IS HOT AND WE EXPECT
TO REGISTER A CERTAIN
TEMPERATURE ON THE BACK SIDE SO
COMPARING THAT IF FROM THE FIRST
THREE ORBITS THEN PARKER SOLAR
PROBE IS GOING TO GET CLOSER AND
CLOSER AND WE HAVE EVERY REASON
TO BELIEVE IT IS GOING TO KEEPER
FORKING BUTTE PLY.
A FANTASTIC.
>> OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FROM
TWITTER.
WHEN THE PROBE US ON THE TAR
SIDE OF THE SUN, IT LOSES ALL
CONTACT WITH EARTH, HOW LONG DO
WE HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL IT ON
CONNECTION IS REESTABLISHED AND
HOW UNNERVING IS IT FOR YOU?
>> SO PARKER SOLAR PROBE
ENCOUNTERS THE SUN WHEN ON THE
OTHER SIDE ARE 10 TO 15 DAYS SO
THE FIRST TIME PARKER SOLAR
PROBE WENT BEHIND THE SUN WE
WERE NERVOUS BECAUSE WE WERE NOT
SURE WE WITH SEE IT COME OUT THE
OTHER SIDE BUT THE HEAT SHIELD
PERFORMED BEAUTIFULLY AND NOW
ARE YOU TEEN SO ALONGING FOR
TOWARD THE NEXT ENCOUNTER.
>> WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE
QUICK QUESTION ON THIS SIDE FROM
EIGHTH GRADE EARTH SCIENCE CLASS
ON TWITTER.
WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST ENGINEERING
CHALLENGE BUILDING SPARKER SOLAR
THREE?
>> WELL, I WOULD THINK THE HEAT
SHIELD.
WITHOUT THE HEAT SHIELD WE DON'T
HAVE MISSION.
THEY PUT A LOT OF EFFORT INTO
PROVING THEY COULD BUILD A HEAT
SHIELD OR BUILD A TEST ONE AND
RAN IT THROUGH THE OVENS TO MAKE
SURE THU HEAT UP ONE END AND
STILL KEEP THE BACK END COOL
BECAUSE WITHOUT THAT HEAT SHIELD
WE NEVER WOULD BE ABLE TO GET AS
CLOSE AS WE'RE GETTING.
>> FANTASTIC.
THANKS SO MUCH.
WE WILL CONTINUE TO TAKE ASK
NASA QUESTIONS A FEW MORE FROM
THIS SIDE LATER AND NOW PASSING
IT BACK TO GRAY IN THE STUDIO.
>> ALL RIGHT.
THANKS, KAREN.
>> THAT IS NOT THE LAST WE TALK
TO YOU TODAY EITHER.
THANKS SO MUCH.
NOW, NICKY AND NOUR, IT IS
SPECIAL AND NAMED FOR LIVING
PERSON AND THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN,
RIGHT?
>> YES, IT IS HISTORIC FOR US.
IT IS NAME FODDED FOR EUGENE
PARKER.
AS YOU NOTED, THIS IS NOT JUST
ONLY A.
IT IS ACTUALLY THE FIRST TIME
THAT NASA HAS EVER NAMED A
MISSION DURING THEIR OWN
LIFETIME.
WHEN YOU CONSIDER THAT YOU
ACTUALLY HAVE A HIGHER PROB K OF
WINNING A NOBEL PRIZE, THAN YOU
DO OF HAVING A NASA MISSION
NAMED AFTER YOU, JUST IMAGINE,
HOW THAT WOULD FEEL AND OF
COURSE HE JOINED WITH US THE
FAMILY AT THE LAUNCH SITE IN A
WAS ABLE TO SPEND A LOT OF TIME
WITH HIM AND JUST REALLY HEARING
HOW MUCH IT MEANT TO HIP.
HE ALSO CAME AND SAW THE
SPACECRAFT AT THE APPLIED FIXES
LAB BEFORE LAUNCH, OBVIOUSLY,
AND HE MARVELED AT JUST THIS
SHEER ENGINEERING NEAT WAS IN
FRONT OF HIMMEL WAS VERY HUMBLE
AND GAVE AN AWFUL LOT OF CREDIT
ENGINEERS AND THE SCIENTISTS WHO
SPEND A LOT OF TIME PREPARING
THIS WONDERFUL NAN IS GOING TO
GO AND DO THE SCIENCE.
HE REALLY INSPIRED A GENERATION.
HE CREATED, IF YOU LIKE, THE
COME. IT HE INSPIRED THE
SCIENCE THAT WE DO.
BUT I BET YOU WANT TO KNOW WHY
HE PICKED PARKER.
I AM SURE NOUR WOULD LIKE TO
TELL US.
>> YES.
THANKS.
>> BACK IN 1968, A YOUNG GENE
PARKER WROTE THE PAPER.
NEW RESEARCH.
HE GOT THE REVIEW BACK AND THE
VIEWER SAID TO GO TO THE LIBRARY
TO LEARN MORE.
>> HE SAID THAT WAS THE GOOD
REVIEW.
>> OBVIOUSLY, BUT THE EDITOR WAS
NO WINS ABOUT THIS YOU NO BELL
LAUREATE.
HE SAW THE VALUE OF THIS
RESEARCH.
HE FORGOT THE PAP FORA LITTLE
WHILE AND DECIDED TO PUBLISH IT.
THAT IS THE FIRST OF ALL
THEORIES.
IRONICALLY, FOUR YEARS LATER,
THERE WAS MARINA MISSION AND
SCIENTISTS PREFERRED EXISTENCE
OF THE WIND BUT L NOT ONLY
CONFIRMED IT BUT IT IS WAY WAY
MORE COMPLEX THAN WE THOUGHT.
SINCE THEN WE ARE STRUGGLING THE
MYSTERY OF THE SOLAR WIND AND
THE SOL EAR PROBE.
>> WOW.
>> GREATNESS THEN.
>> ABSOLUTELY.
ALL RIGHT.
NICKY, I KNOW YOU HAD CHANCE TO
MEET WITH DR.PARK EAR LITTLE
WHILE AGO AND SHARE SOME OF THE
INITIAL RESULTS FROM PARKER.
THAT WAS REALLY EXCITING.
>> IT WAS.
I WAS VERY LUCKY.
I WENT TO SEE HIM FOR PARKER
SOLAR PROB'S FIRST BIRTHDAY ON
ORBIT.
I WENT TO SEE HIM.
WE SAID A LOT OF MEMORY ABOUT
THE EXPERIENCES FROM THE LUNCH
AND ALSO SEEING THE MIGHTY DELTA
HEAVY ROCKET AND NOT ONLY SEEING
THAT ROCKET BUT SEEING THE
PARKER SOLAR PROBE LOGO AT THE
TOP WITH THE EXPERIENCE AND SO
YES I GOT TO SEE SNEAK PEAK AT
THE DATA AND YOU WILL SEE, YOU
KNOW, HE GOT EXCITED ABOUT IT
AND EMOTIONAL.
HE STAYED END GIGGED AND
INTERACTING WITH THE
INVESTIGATORS AND REALLY, THINK,
VERYING IN THE WONDERFUL DATA
THAT WE HAVE COMING BACK.
1:00.
>> THAT IS GREAT.
THAT IS GREAT.
WELL, LET'S TAKE LACK AT THE
VIDEO OF NIKKI'S MEETING WITH
DR.EUGENE PARKER ♪
♪
>> WOW, ALL I CAN SAY IS WOW.
I AM NOT SURPRISED IT IS STRANGE
BECAUSE IT USUALLY IS WHEN YOU
GO THERE AND MAKE MEASUREMENTS.
WELL, I AM EXCITED AS I EXPECTED
I WOULD BE.
INTERPLANETARY SPACE IS FULL OF
ACTIVITY WE WERE REALLY NOT
AWARE OF.
THEN, ALSO, VERY QUICK.
WE TOOK IMAGES THAT ARE 12 HOURS
APART.
THEY ARE NOT THERE IN THE NEXT
IMAGE.
THEY ARE VERY CLEAR.
THEN THEY ARE GONE.
>> YOU KNOW ALL IS RUNNING TO
HEIST TERROUS THINGS.
>> I WOULDN'T EXPECT ANYTHING
LIKE THAT.
>> SO THAT IS THE PUT TY OF THE
PARKER SOLAR PROBE MISSION.
WE'RE GOING SO CLOSE AND SEEING
ALL OF THIS STUFF FOR THE FIRST
TIME.
>> AS USUAL.
WHEN YOU HAVE A MISSION INTO
UNKNOWN PLACE YOU FIND
REMARKABLE THINGS THAT YOU DID
NOT ANTICIPATE.
I WAS VERY MOVED BY THE FACT
THAT SPACECRAFT IS GOING OFF
INTO THE NIGHT SKY AND NEVER
COME BACK.
>> RIGHT.
>> I HAD SEPARATION ANXIETY.
I STATED WAS LIKE WATCHING A
MEMBER OF THE TEAM BECAUSE AFTER
WORKING WITH THAT SPACECRAFT FOR
SO LONG, SHE BECAME A PERSON AND
BECAME PART OF THE TEAM.
AND TO SAY GOOD-BYE TO HER WAS
REALLY, REALLY TOUGH.
>> AND ALWAYS A LITTLE XINE TY
ABOUT A LITTLE SOMETHING GOING
ON AND THE ANSWER IS NO.
THIS BABY WAS BUILT TO PERFORM.
IT HAS DONE ITS JOB FLAWLESSLY.
>> CERTAINLY HAS.
>> A GREAT VIDEO.
I LOVE HOW ENGAGED HE STILL
WHICH IS THE SCIENCE.
THAT IS GREAT FOR YOU AS
SCIENTISTS WORKING IN THE FIELD
TODAY TO BE BUILDING ON THAT
LEGACY AND SHARE IT WITH HIM.
IT IS.
THE WHOLE DIVISION IS REALLY
JUST FORMED AROUND STUDYING THE
LAST STAR AND THE EFFECT ON THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
AND SO EVERYTHING THAT HE DID,
YOU KNOW, HE SAID I JUST SOLVED
FOUR EQUATIONS.
ED HE MADE IT SOUP LIABILITY WAS
NOTHING.
AND HE BASICALLY GAVE BIRTH TO
ENTIRE FIXES DISCIPLINE.
ALTHOUGH I SAY THE OLDEST
DISCIPLINE BECAUSE EVERYBODY
STUDIED THE SUN SUNS THE DAWN OF
TIME.
BUT REALLY UNDERSTANDING THE SUN
HAD PROFOUND FEK ON ETHER IS
REALLY EUGENE PARK HE AND LOVE
THE WAY HE GETS TEARY EYED
SAYING GOOD BYE TO THE
SPACECRAFT.
WE ALL FELT LIKE THAT.
>> IF YOU LOOK AT THE
CONTRIBUTIONS THROUGH THE YEARS,
IT IS BIG.
>> YEP.
>> HE GETS NAMED AFTER ONE OF
THE MISSIONS OF NASA.
>> GREAT.
OUR AUDIENCE IS EXCITED, TOO.
A LOT OF QUESTIONS FLOWING IN.
#ASKNASA AND GET TO AS MANY AS
WE CAN.
MATT SAYS YOU HAVE MADE THE
SWITCHBACKS WITH DETECTORS WHAT
ABOUT DIFFERENTS WERE THE SUN?
>> SO WE DID HAVE TO USE,
OBVIOUSLY, THAT IS THE REASON WE
CARRY ALL THE DIFFERENT
DETECTORS WE WANT TO PUT THEM
TOGETHER TO FORM A FULL STORY
AND A FULL PICTURE AROUND THE
SCIENCE THAT WE'RE SEEING.
SO I NOTED WHEN I DREW MY SET ON
THE BOARD.
THE FIRST SET, THE FIRST DATA
SET BASS THE MAGNETIC FIELD DATA
AND WE STARTED ADDING FROM THE
SUITE WHICH IS HARD TO SAY.
THAT WAS HOW WE REALIZED WE WERE
NOT JUST HOPPING UP AND DOWN
BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF
THE MAGNETIC FIELD EITHER BEFORE
OR BELOW THE NEUTRAL ZONE BUT
THE ACTUAL PROBLEM WAS FLOWING
IN THE SAME DIRECTION SO THE
ONLY WAY WAS TO FOR THE MAGNETIC
FIELD TO CONTINUALLY SWITCH
BACK.
YES WE PUT THE DATA SETS
TOGETHER.
WE-SURED THEM AS WE WENT IN ON
THIS ORBIT AND SO SAW THEM AT
THIS DISTANCE AS WE DO OUR
SUBSEQUENT VENUS FLYBYS AND WE
GET THAT LITTLE BIT CLOSER AND
CLOSER EACH TIME AND THAT IS WHY
WE'RE PREDICTING WE WILL
ACTUALLY SEE THE SWITCHBACKS GET
LARGER IN APPLI TUDE AND
PROBABLY IN ENERGY AS WELL.
>> TAKE THIS AS WELL.
>> YES.
>> DARREN ON FACEBOOK WANTS TO
KNOW.
ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT WHAT IN
RUMENTS WE WANT ON THE NEXT
SOLAR PROBE?
IF.
>> MAYBE.
>> WE'LL GET RIGHT ON THAT.
BUT ACTUALLY, I MEAN, JOKING
ASIDE, THAT QUESTION IS ACTUALLY
A VERY GOOD QUESTION AND IT DOES
SHOW HOW NASA USES THE
INFORMATION WE GET FROM OUR
CURRENT MISSIONS TO REALLY BUILD
AND MOVE FORWARD TO THE NEXT
GENERATION OF INSTRUMENTS SO YOU
KNOW, PACKER SOLAR PROBE IS
GOING TO BE PROKED BY PROVIDING
THE PROFOUND THIS MEASUREMENTS
TO HELP US PREDICT OUR SPACE
WEATHER AND MAKE CONFIRMATION
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE ABILITY TO
PREDUCT THE SPACE WEATHER SO
THAT MEANS THE MONITORING
PROGRAM AND THE INFORMATION THAT
WE'RE GOING TO BE DOING AS WE
MOVE FORWARD IS VERY, VERY MUCH
IN FORKED BY PARKER SOLAR PROBE
SO WHETHER YOU KNOW, OUR
COMMUNITY DECIDES THAT PARKER
SOLAR PROBE IS THE THING WE
SHOULD GO AFTER AND BE BUILDING.
AND BY PARKER SOLAR PROBE.
I MEAN, THE IDEA IS 1958.
AND HAVING SPACECRAFT THREE
TIMES BE A EVERY TIME IT COMES
OUT IN SPACE IS STILL INSPIRED.
INSPIRING TO US AS A TEAM BUT IT
IS ALSO IN SPIRING TO OTHER
COMMUNITIES AS WELL AND IF YOU
LOOK.
IF YOU LOOK AT THE COMMUNITY,
THERE ARE CERTAIN IDEAS THAT A
FEW YEARS AGO WE THOUGHT WAS
IMPOSSIBLE.
THINKING ABOUT MISSIONS THAT ARE
STILL THERE.
>> I ASUIT.
>> IT IS INSPIRING.
>> WELL, THERE ARE A LOT MORE
ASK NASA QUESTIONS AND WE'LL
THROW THEM BACK TO THE APPLIED
FIS UKES LAB WHERE KAREN AND HER
CREW IS GOING TO ANSWER THEM.
KAREN, OVER TO TO YOU.
>> ALL RIGHT.
HELLO AGAIN.
WE HAVE A QUESTION ON TWITTER.
CAN WE SEND THE SPACECRAFT RUING
THE PITCHBACKS?
CAN WE ACTUALLY SEE THEM?
>> YEAH.
>> THAT IS YOU.
>> PARKER COL STARR PROBE IS FLY
THROUGH THE SWITCHBACKS EVERY
TIME IS CLOSE TO THE SUN.
THE CLOSE HET GITES TO THE SUN
THE VONG THE SWITCHBACKS GET.
WE CAN'T SEE THEM IN THE
PICTURES THAT WE GET BRACK TRE
SPACECRAFT BUT TWO OF THE
INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE ON PARK SAL
ARE SOLAR PROBES MEASURE THE
MAGNETIC FEEL AND THEN THE
ACTUAL PARTICLES AROUND THE
SPACECRAFT ACTUALLY DETECTING
THE SWITCHBACK BE A IN A WAY WE
CAN SEE THEM.
>> FANTASTIC.
>> THANK YOU.
>> NEXT UP IS FROM BRANDON ON
TWITTER.
THE SOLAR WIND CAN DAMAGE POWER
GRISED ON ETHER AND SATELLITES
IN THE ORBIT.
DOES THE PROBE NEED TO BE
PROTECTED AANCE THE SOLAR WIND
WHEN IT IS NEAR THE SUN?
>> THE WAY THE SOLAR WIND
DAMAGES THE POWER GRID HER ON
EARTH IS ACTUALLY IT US THE
MAGNETIC FIELD THAT COMES WITH
THE SOLAR WIND THAT MOVES THE
MAGNETIC FIELD AND THIS CAUSES
CURRENT TO BE GENERATED IN THIS
HE LONG POWER LINES WE USE FOR
THE POWER GRID AND THAT AFFECTS
THE SATELLITES.
THE THINGS THAT ARE MORE
DAMAGING TO SAT SATELLITES ARE
THE RADIATION, THE HIGH EN
MURPHY PARTICLES.
YES PARKER SOLERA PROBE DOES
NEED AND ESPECIALLY BLIT TO BE
ABLE TO TAKE HIGHER RADIATION
THAN MANY OTHER SPACECRAFT.
>> ALL RIGHT.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> NEXT UP FROM TWITTER.
WHAT DO THE NEW FINDINGS HELP
UNITED STATESSER BANNS THE SUN?
>> THEY HELP US UNDERSTAND THE
SOLAR WIND AS IT IS FORMING NAR
THE SUN.
THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THE
SOLAR WIND IMPACTS EARTH.
BUT A LOT OF THE THINGS WE SEE
IN THIS HE SOLAR WIND WHEN THEY
GET TO EARTH THEY ARE DIFFERENT
WHEN THEY ARE CLOSE TO THE SUN
AND SO BY UNDERSTANDING HOW THE
SOLAR WIND IS ACTUALLY FORMED
AND WHY THE CORONA IS SO HOT,
WE'RE HOPING TO BE ABLE TO BET
AREA INNER STAND THE ENVIRONMENT
AROUND THE EARTH ITSELF.
>> GREAT.
>> NEXT UP IS ONE WE DENLY GET A
LOT.
WHICH IS FROM TWITTER.
THIS DOES PARKER SOLAR PROBE
TAKE PICTURES OF THE SUN IN.
>> PARKER SOLAR PROBE HAS TWO
CAMERA BUS CANNOT TAKE PICTURES
OF THE SUN ITSELF.
WE'RE GETTING SO CLOSE THAT THE
SUN WOULD BURN OUT AND ANY
CAMERA WE COULD MAKE.
BUT WE ARE TAKING PICTURESES THE
ROAR PLANE THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE
SUN TOUGH THE SIDE AND THIS
SHOWS US THE STREAMERS THAT WE
SEE COMING OFF THE SUN AND THE
SOLAR WIND WE SEE COMING OFF THE
SUN AND SO, WE CAN SEE A LOT OF
STRUCK TURES WE ARE GOING TO FLY
THROUGH BECAUSE THE CAMPS ARE ON
THE FRONT END OF THE SPACECRAFT
AND EXTREMELY USEFUL AND
SCIENTIFICALLY INTERESTING BUT
TAKING A PICTURE OF THE SUN AS
CLOSE APPROACH WE CAN'T DO.
>> ALL RIGHT.
FACEBOOK ASKS HOW LONG US THE
MISSION ALL TOGETHER WITH
PLANNING, TRAVEL TIME AND
OBSERVATION?
>> SO PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS A
MISSION THAT ACTUALLY BEEN
PLANNED FOR FOR MORE THAN 50
YEARS.
WE HAVE SHOWN ABOUT THE
MYSTERIES OF THE SUN AND WE
WANTED TO GO THERE AND FIND OUT
WHAT THE ANSWERSES WERE BUT WE
DIN HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY.
THE SPACECRAFT ITSELF ACTUALLY
LAUNCHED IN 2018 AND GOING TO GO
THROUGH 2025 SO THAT IS SEVEN
YEARS AND DO SEVEN FLY BYES OF
VENUS AND 24 ORBITS AROUND THE
SUN.
>> GREAT.
>> WE HAVE A QUESTION THAT I
WILL ASK EACH OF YOU TO ANSWER
WHICH IS FROM EIGHTH GRADE EARTH
SCIENCE CLASS ON TWITTER.
THEY WANT TO KNOW WHAT THIS IS
BIGGEST SCIENTIFIC MYSTERY YOU
WANT TO SOLVE WITH PARKER SOLAR
PROBE.
YOU TAKE IT FIRST.
WELL, INSTRUMENTS I WORK ON
STUDY THE GERNIC PARTICLES THAT
COME OFF THE SUN AND ALMOST THE
SPEED OF LIGHT.
EVER ALL OF THESE YEARS OF
STUDYING THEM.
WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY WHAT
ACCELERATING THEM AND YET THESE
ARE THE PARTICLES THAT ARE
DAMAGING TO SPACECRAFT AND EVEN
ASTRONAUTS AND IN ORBIT.
1:00 UNDERSTANDING THE
ACCELERATION HOW YOU GET THESE
PIECES OF AT TOMS MOVING UP TO
ALMOST THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS
REALLY WHAT I AM INTERESTING IN
SOLVING WITH THE POLL PARKER
SOLAR PROBE.
>> I AM GOING TO GIVE ONE CHANCE
TO ANSWER, TOO.
SURE.
SO I SAY THE SOLAR WIND.
I AM MOST INTERESTED IN THE
SWEEP AND FIELDS IN STREWMENTS
THAT STUDIED THE ACTUAL PARTICLE
KENS THE SOLAR WIND OF THE FIELD
SO WE ARE HOPING TO UNDERSTAND
THE ORIGINS OF THEOL A WIND AND
HOW IT IS ESCAPE HYUN IT EVOLVES
AS IT MOVES TOWARD EARTH.
>> FAN TAKE.
A THANS SOP.
>> WE RAILROAD GOING TO GO BACK
TO THE STUDIO.
THANKS SO MUCH.
>> THANK YOU.
>> THANKS, KAREN.
SO WE DISSED A LOT OF EXCITING
SCIENCE ABOUT THE SUN AND THAT
IS ONLY BEGINNING.
THE SCIENCE CAN HELP US
UNDERSTAND NOT ONLY THE
ENVIRONMENT IN THE SYSTEM WHICH
IS DONE BY THE SUN BUT HELP US
BOATER UNDERSTAND THE SCIENCE
AND THE STARSES IN THE UNIVERSE
AND WATCH A QUICK RECAP HEF
SCIENCE WE JUST LEARNED ABOUT.
FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER WE WERE
ABLE TO GO TO THE SOURCE OF THE
SOLAR WIND ANKLES HERE ARE FIVE
FEATURES THAT PARKER SAW.
WE LONG KNOWN THAT SPACE IS FULL
OF COS PICK DUST AND SEE THE
FRUST EARTH BECAUSE IT REFLECTS
SUNLIGHT.
PARKER SAW EVIDENCE OF THE DUST
STOPPED AT ESTIMATED THREE AND A
HALF MILLION MILES FROM THE SUN.
THE SUN VAPORIZES IT CREATING A
DUST-FREE ZONELING TO STAR.
AT EARTH IT APACERS THE HAG
NETTIC FIELD LINES FLOW ONLY
FROM THE SUN BUT PARKER SAW THEM
BEHAVE IN A SURPRISING WAY.
THE MAGNETIC FIELD LINES CLIP AT
A WHIP-LIKE MOTION TURNING
180DEGREES DEGREES AROUND IN A
MATH MATTER OF SECONDS THESE
SWITCHBACKS CAME IN CLUSTERS AND
WERE TIMED WITH FAST MOVING
CLUMS OF PLACE ZAN THE SOLAR
WIND.
THEY HAVE LONG WONDERED IF THE
SOLAR WIST GENERATED AS A
CONTINUOUS PLO OR IN SPURTS AM
WE SEE EVIDENCE THAT THE SOLAR
WIND HAS REGULAR TEXTURE.
THE MRS.MA ALSO SEEMS TO LACK
ORDERLY SENSE OF DIRECTION.
SOME CLUMS FIRE OUT TO SPACE
WHILE OTHERS FALL BACK TO THE
SUN.
THESE CLUM MACE BE STARTING THE
MAGNETIC FIELD CAUSING THE
SWITCHBACKS.
THEY MAY ALSO BE INDICATOR OF
WHAT THE SOLAR WIND LOOKS LIKE
IN THE EARLY STAGES AFTER ITS
BERTH ON THE SUN.
PARKER FOUND A TRANSITION POINT
IN THE SOLAR WIND.
THE CORONAS THE SUN'S FAINT
OUTER MOST LAYER THAT
TRANSITIONS TO THE SOLAR WIND.
BEFORE PARKER, SCIENTISTS KNEW
THE CORONA ROTATES WITH THE
VISIBLE SURFACE BELOW IT BUT
THEY DIDN'T KNOW HOW OR WHERE
THE SOLAR WIND SWITCHED TO
FLOWING STRAIGHT BY THE TIME IT
REACHES EARTH.
1:00 PARKER HAS FINALLY SPOTTED
SIGNS OF THIS TRAN DIGS AND THE
CHANGE-OVER HAPPENS
SIGNIFICANTLY FURTHER OUT THAN
EXPECTED.
ALTHOUGH THE SUN HAS BEEN VERY
QUIET OVER THE FIRST TWO ORBITS,
PARK ARE OBSERVED SEVERAL TINY
BURSTS OF SOLAR ENERGETIC
PARTICLES.
WHILE THESE EVENTS HAVE BEEN
SEEN BEFORE, OF THE ONES THIS
SMALL.
THE FAST MOVING PARTICLES ARE
THE MODEST BERTHS PREAD OUT AS
THEY NOVEMBER THE SUN MAKING
THEM UNDETECTABLE FROM EARTH.
WITHOUT PARKER'S FRONT ROW SEAT
WE WOULD NEVER KNOW THE SPRINS
DUESING THE SMALL SCALE EVENTS.
FAST MOVING PARTICLES A ARE A
SOURCE OF DANGEROUS RADIATION.
THE MORE WE LEARN ABOUT THESE
ERUPTIONS THE BETTER WE CAN
PROTECT THE TECHNOLOGY AND AND
ASTRONAUTS.
PARKER STILL HAS MORE WORK TO DO
BUT ALREADY HELPING US SEE THE
STAR IN A WHOLE NEW LIGHT.
>> WOW, THAT AILS THE TIME WE
HAVE TODAY.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING
US.
NICKY AND NOUR, GIVE US FEW
QUICK FINAL THOUGHT ON THE
WONDERFUL MISSION.
>> WELL, THE DATA WE HAVE SO FAR
SHOWED CORONA.
SO MANY SURPRISES.
IF THERE IS ONE THING TO BE
CERTAIN OF, WE WOULD NEVER SEE
THE SUN AND THE WIND THE SAME
WAY IN 60 YEARS.
IT IS TEXTBOOK.
>> YEAH I WOULD SAY THAT PARKER
SOLAR PROBE IS CERTAINLY HOLDING
UP BEING THE COOLEST MISSION
UNDER THE SUN AND EXCITED BY ALL
OF THE RESULTS THAT WE HAVE SEEN
FROM TODAY AND OF COURSE THIS IS
JUST THE START AND THESE ARE THE
FIRST BIG PAPERS BUT BE HAVE A
LOT MORE SCIENCE TO DO UPCOMING
NEXT VENUS FLY BY
DECEMBER26th WHEN WE GO
CLOSE FOR THE SUN WITH THE NEXT
COUPLE OF ORBITS THEN ANOTHER
VENUS PLY PI AND WE KEEP GOING.
AND SO YOU KNOW, FOR THEISM'S
FIXES DY VUGS WE'RE EXCITED
ABOUT WELCOMING PARKER SOLAR
PHLEB THE FLEET AND GETTING
INCREDIBLE DATA ARE THE FIRST
TIME IN THE KEY REGION AND OF
COURSE, USING THESE DATA TO
SUPPORT OUR MISSIONS A WE GO
FORWARD TO THE MOON, MARS AND
BEYOND.
>> GAIN THANK YOU TO YOU BOTH
AND THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.
CONTINUE SENDING US YOUR
QUESTIONS ABOUT PARKER USING THE
HASHTAG ASK MASSES SA AND MAKE A
SPECIAL VIDEO WILL ANSWER THEM
AND POSTED TO THE NASA SOCIAL
MEDIA PAGES SO KEEP A LOOK OUT
FOR THAT.
PLUS, JOIN PARKER PEG,S AGAIN
TOMORROW AT 2:00 P.M. EASTERN
AND MORE RESULTS WILL BE
REVIEWED NEXT WEEK KNOWN AS THE
AGO.
THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.
UNTIL NEXT TIME, DON'T LOOK AT
THE SUN BUT KEEP WATCHING IT.
♪