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>> THE SUN, THE HEART OF OUR

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SOLAR SYSTEM IS THE YELLOW DWARF

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STAR, ITS GRAVITY HOLDS THE

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SOLAR SYSTEM TOGETHER.

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ELECTRIC CUR FRIEND THE SUN

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GENERATE MAGNETIC FIELD THAT IS

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CARRIED OUT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM

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BY THE SOLAR RACE, A STREAM OF

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CHARGED GAS FLOWING OUTWARD FROM

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THE SUN IN ALL DIRECTIONS THEM

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CONNECTIONS AND INTERACTIONS

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BETWEEN THE SUN AND THE EARTH

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DRIVE SAFE WEATHER CONDITIONS ON

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THE PLANET WHICH CAN AFFECT

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SATELLITES, CHANGE THE RADIATION

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BELTS.

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NEVER BEFORE HAVE WE BEEN ABLE

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TO STUDY IT SO CLOSELY.

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NASA PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS

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DIVING INTO THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE

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ON A MISSION TO CATCH THE SUN.

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IN THIS SPACECRAFT, IT IS

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CHANGING THE WAY WE SEE AND

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UNDERSTAND THE NEAREST STAR.

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TODAY, NASA WILL REVEAL THE

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SURPRISING DISCOVERY THAT THE

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SUN SPACECRAFT IS UNCOVERING

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ABOUT OUR SUN.

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>> HELLO.

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WELCOME TO NASA SCIENCE LIVE.

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THIS IS AN TUP FOR TO YOU COME

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BEHIND THE SCENES TO GET TO KNOW

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YOUR SPACE AGENCY.

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I AM YOUR HOST.

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THIS SHOW IS ABOUT YOU BEING

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ABLE TO INTERACT AND TO GET YOUR

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QUESTIONS ANSWERED.

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VISIT US ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER

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AND ASK US A QUESTION USING

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HASHTAG ASK NASA.

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TODAY, WE ARE TAKING YOU TO

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TOUCH THE SUN.

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PARKER IS TRAVELING CLOSE HER TO

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SURFACE THAN ANY SPACECRAFT

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BIRTH OF AND BRUTAL HEAT AND

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RADIATION CONDITION AND GIVING

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US THE CLOSEST OBSERVATION OF A

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STAR WE HAVE EVER SEEN.

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TODAY WE WILL SHARE A FEW OF THE

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RESULTS FROM THAT AMAZING

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MISSION AND THE WAVE HELPING US

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UNDERSTAND THE STAR IN NEW WAYS.

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BEFORE WE GET TO THE DETAILS, WE

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WILL LEARN A LITTLE BIT MORE THE

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BASICS OF SCIENCE.

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THE WIND SPEED OF A DEVASTATING

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CATEGORY FIVE HURRICANE CAN

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TOPPLE OVER 150MILES PER HOUR

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OR 241-KILO METS PER HOUR.

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NOW 0.0MILES PER HOUR.

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WELCOME TO THE WIND THAT BEGINS

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IN THE SUN AND DOESN'T STOP

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UNTIL AFTER IT REACHES THE EDGE

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OF THE SOLAR WIND.

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THE CORONA IS THE SUN

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INTERACTIVE, THE BRIGHTNESS THAT

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CAN BE SEEN SURROUNDING AND

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CONTINUALLY EXPANDING SOLAR

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WIND.

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RIGHT NOW, THE PARKER SOLAR

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PROBE, A NASA MISSION LAUNCHED

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IN 201, IS ORBITING THE SUN AND

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WILL GET AS CLOSES A

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6.16MILLION-KILOMETERS OF THE

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SUN'S SURFACE.

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PARKER IS GATHERING NEW DATA

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ABOUT SOLAR PARTICLES AND

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MAGNETIC FEELS THAT COME PRIZE

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THE SOLAR WIND.

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MORE PACIFICALLY, TWO OF THE

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MAIN GOALS ARE TO EXAMINE THE

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ENERGY AND DETERMINE THE

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STRUCTURE THE WIND'S MAGNETIC

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FIELD.

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WHILE MANY THEATERS DESCRIBE THE

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SOLAR WIND HISTORY, THAT WAS

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WHAT WE DO KNOW-- THE SOLAR

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WIND THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC

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SPHERE, TYPICALLY SEATED AT

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LOCATION CLOSE TO THE NORTH AND

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SOUTH POLE.

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IN SOME CASES IT CAN SET OFF

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SPACE WEATHER STORMS THAT

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DISRUPT EVERYTHING COMMUNICATION

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ON THE OCEANS, TO POWER GRISED

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ON THE LAND.

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KNOWING MORE EFFECTS OF THE

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SOLAR WIND IS NOT ONLY% TO US

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THAT LIVE ON ER, BUT CRITICAL

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HOW TO MITIGATE THE SUCCESS ONCE

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THEY TRAVEL BACK TO THE MOON AND

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BEYOND FOR EXTENDED PERIODS OF

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TIME.

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MY FEELING IS IF THE SUN

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SNEEZES, EARTH CATCHES A COLD

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BECAUSE WE ALWAYS FEEL HIM K OF

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WHAT HAPPED ON THE SUN THANK

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THOSE SOLAR WIND.

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>> WELL, AS YOU SAW, THE SEASON

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IS ACTIVE.

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ALL OF THIS ACTIVITY INFLUENCES

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THE ENTIRE SOLAR SYSTEM 93-MILE

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WAYS.

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ONLY SO MUCH WE CAN SEE FROM

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THIS VANTAGE POINT, BUT THANKS

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TO NASA PARKER SOLAR PROBE,

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WE'RE LEARNING A LOT MORE ABOUT

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THE SUN UPCLOSE.

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I AM JOINED BY PARKER PROJECT

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SCIENTISTS

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NOUR RAOUAFI, PARKER PROJECT

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.

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WE TALKED A LOT ABOUT THE SUN

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THROUGH THAT VIDEO AND LEARN A

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LOT MORE ABOUT PARKER SCIENCE

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THAN THE GREAT THINGS WE'RE

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LEARN FRIGHT.

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LET'S TALK ABOUT THE BASICS.

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WHAT US THE SUN MADE OF?

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TALK ABOUT THE COMPOSITION IT?

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>> THE SUN IS MADE OF EVERYTHING

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THAT YOU ARE MADE.

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THE SUN IS WHEN THEY HAVE A

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BIG BANG THAT FLEW OUT

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EVERYTHING THAT CONVICTED THE

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SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE FABRIC OF

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LIFE.

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WE ARE MADE OF STARDUST.

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THERE IS HYDROGEN, HELIUM,

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HEAVIER IRONS.

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THE SUN IS IMPORTANT TO US.

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OF COURSE, IT IS A STAR.

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AND SO NOT ONLY ARE WE STUDYING

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THE SUN AND FINDING OUT WHY IT

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IS SO IMPORTANT US TO HERE ON

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ETHER BUT ALSO FOR THE FIRST

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TIME REALLY GOING TO THE

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ATMOSPHERE OF OUR STAR.

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>> THE SUN IS A GLOWING BALL OF

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DUST.

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AT TOMS POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS

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AND THESE ARE MADE A PLASMA AND

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THE PLASMA, SO THE SUN HAS HOT

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PLASMA THAT MAGNETIZES AT THE

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SAME TIME AND THE MAGNETIC FIELD

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PLAYS A KEY ROLE.

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AND GOING BACK TO WHAT SHE SAID.

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75% IS BROADENED AND HYDROGEN

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BASICALLY.

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THE REST IS HELIUM BUT THERE ARE

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HEAVY ELEMENTS LIKE OXYGEN,

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CARBON AND OTHERS.

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>> SO THE ATMOS ATMOSPHERE OF

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THE SUN, YOU THINK OF PLANETARY,

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WHAT IS THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE?

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>> BEAUTIFUL ATMOSPHERE AROUND

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THE SUN.

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WE CALL IT THE CORONA.

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BACK IN 2019 WE HAD THE

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WONDERFUL ECLIPSE ACROSS AMERICA

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AND THE ONLY TIME WE'RE ABLE TO

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SEE THE CORONA WITHOUT USING

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SPECIAL TELESCOPES THAT WE

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BUILD, SO THAT CORONA, IT IS

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VERY MYSTERIOUS, IT IS REALLY

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MADE OF THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE.

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IT IS BASICALLY EVERYTHING

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COMING OFF THE SUN AND BEING

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SORT OF HELD IN THAT REGION

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AROUND THE SUN.

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IT IS ONE OF THE MYSTERIES FOR

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US, IT IS ACTUALLY 300 TIMES

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HOTTER THAN THE SURFACE OF THE

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SUN WHICH IS JUST SOMETHING WE

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MED TO GO AND STUDY.

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WE NEED TO GO AND STUDY.

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>> LET ME LOOK.

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IF YOU LOOK AT IT, THEY ARE

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DIFFERENT.

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ACTIVITY IS ALWAYS CHANGING.

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IT CREATES PHENOMENON LIKE WHAT

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TALKED ABOUT LIKE THE BREEZE,

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CONTINUOUSLY LEAVING THE SUN TO

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EARTH AND THE REST OF THE SOLAR

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SYSTEM.

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THE SOLAR WIND IS SPEED RANGING

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FROM 200 TO 500MILES PER

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SECOND.

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THAT IS A MYSTERY.

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>> AND NOW WE TALK ABOUT THE

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SOLAR WIND TODAY WITH PARKER.

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TELL ME ABOUT THE SOLAR WIND,

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WHAT IT IS, HOW IT AFFECTS THE

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EARTH M WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT?

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>> THE SOLAR WIND IS REALLY KEY

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FOR US.

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WE LEAVE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF

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THE SUN, SO WE SEE THE CORONA, I

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MEAN, IT IS BIG.

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IT DOESN'T LOOK THAT BIG WHEN

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YOU SITE DURING A SOLAR ECLIPSE.

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THAT IS STRAPPING OUT.

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IT IS ON THE WAY TO THE EDGE OF

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OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.

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IN PACK, IT SHAPES OUR PLACE IN

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SPACE.

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SO IT CREATES ALMOST LIKE A WIND

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SOCK AROUND THE WHOLE SOLAR

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TESTIMONY AS IT IS ORBITING

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AROUND THE MILKY WAY, SO IT IS

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REALLY SHAPING IT.

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THE SUN GOES THE VERY EDGE AND

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INTERACTS WITH SPACE AND REALLY

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SHIELDS US FROM ALL OF THIS

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MASTY STUFF IN SPACE.

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SO THAT THE SOLAR WIND IS REALLY

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PROTECTING US.

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NOW, HAS, IN THE SOL EAR WIND,

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ALL THE PARTICLES CONTINUALLY

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STREAMING FORWARD.

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THE EARTH HAS MAGNETIC FIELD,

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TOO.

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SOME THNGS CAN INTERACT AND

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ALLOW JUST HUGE AMS OF NERN GOY

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COME INTO OUR MAGNETIC

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ATMOSPHERE.

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CAUSING BIG CHURNING AND BIG

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ACTIVITY THAT WE CALL SPACE

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WEATHER.

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AND SO IT HAS PROFOUND IMPACT

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FOR ASTRONAUTS AND ALSO ALL OF

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THE TECHNOLOGY THAT WE RELY ON

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EVERY DAY.

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>> THAT IS ACTUALLY WHY WE NEED,

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WHY UNDERSTAND THE CORONA, WE

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NEED TO UNDERSTAND IT.

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AND WE HAVE! STUDYING THE

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CORONA FOR YEARS AND YEARS AND

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YEARS FOR DECADES AND MYSTERIES

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THAT WE ARE STRUGGLING WITH.

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THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT EFFECTS

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OF SPACE WEATHER IS TO PREVENT

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IT.

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TO PREVINT, WE HAVE TO PREVENT

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THIS PHENOMENON LIKE FLAIRS AND

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WE IMMEDIATE THAT BASIC

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UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE CORONA

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WORKS FIRST IN ORDER TO PREDICT

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THIS PHENOMENON.

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>> YEAH.

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00:10:06,172 --> 00:10:07,873
I THINK, YOU GOT OVER IT.

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ANYTHING ANOTHER SAY ABOUT WHY

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IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND

264
00:10:11,077 --> 00:10:12,778
THE SUN, YOU IS FASCINATING.

265
00:10:12,778 --> 00:10:14,280
WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT IT ALREADY.

266
00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:16,182
WHY DO WE NEED TO KEEP STUDYING

267
00:10:16,182 --> 00:10:16,682
IT?

268
00:10:16,682 --> 00:10:18,184
SO OBVIOUSLY, WE HAVE LOOKED AT

269
00:10:18,184 --> 00:10:20,086
THE SUN IN EVERY WAVELENGTH

270
00:10:20,086 --> 00:10:23,289
POSSIBLE AND SENT SPACECRAFT IN

271
00:10:23,289 --> 00:10:25,191
AS FAR AS THE PLANET MERCURY.

272
00:10:25,191 --> 00:10:26,792
WE HAVE NEVER BEEN ABLE TO GO TO

273
00:10:26,792 --> 00:10:29,295
THE HEART, THE REG BON.

274
00:10:29,295 --> 00:10:30,796
SO IT IS LIKE YOU KNOW, YOU WAP

275
00:10:30,796 --> 00:10:34,000
TO UNDERSTAND HOW, HOW WATERFALL

276
00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:35,101
IS FORMED.

277
00:10:35,101 --> 00:10:36,202
IF YOU ART THE BOTTOM OF THE

278
00:10:36,202 --> 00:10:37,003
WATERFALL.

279
00:10:37,003 --> 00:10:38,504
HAVE NO IDEA WHAT IS UP THERE

280
00:10:38,504 --> 00:10:39,905
ACTUALLY CAUTION IT.

281
00:10:39,905 --> 00:10:42,408
WITH PARKER SOLAR PROBE WE'RE

282
00:10:42,408 --> 00:10:43,709
GOING ALL THE WAY DOWN THE RIVER

283
00:10:43,709 --> 00:10:46,112
TO THE VERY SOURCE THAT TINY

284
00:10:46,112 --> 00:10:48,214
LITTLE TRICKLE TO BE ABLE TO NOW

285
00:10:48,214 --> 00:10:50,116
FOR THE FIRST TIME GO INTO THAT

286
00:10:50,116 --> 00:10:51,917
SOURCE REG XON WHERE ALL OF THIS

287
00:10:51,917 --> 00:10:54,020
INTERESTING FISKS IS HAPPENING

288
00:10:54,020 --> 00:10:56,822
WHETHER CORONAL HEATING IS

289
00:10:56,822 --> 00:10:58,724
HAPPENING AND THE SOLAR WIND AND

290
00:10:58,724 --> 00:11:00,426
SO IT IS VERY RITE CALL THAT WE

291
00:11:00,426 --> 00:11:02,828
GO INTO THIS REGION BECAUSE THE

292
00:11:02,828 --> 00:11:04,330
FIRST TIME WE CAN REALLY GET THE

293
00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:09,035
DATA WE NEED, AS NOUR ID SAID,

294
00:11:09,035 --> 00:11:10,336
WE WAITED DECADE NORSE

295
00:11:10,336 --> 00:11:11,437
INFORMATION SO THAT IS WHY WE

296
00:11:11,437 --> 00:11:13,539
ARE EXCITED TO BE HERE T.

297
00:11:13,539 --> 00:11:13,973
>> THANKS SOP.

298
00:11:13,973 --> 00:11:15,274
WE WILL TALK A LOT MORE ABOUT

299
00:11:15,274 --> 00:11:16,676
THESE THINGS AS WE GO THROUGH

300
00:11:16,676 --> 00:11:20,179
THIS BUT WE HAVE FUNDAMENTAL

301
00:11:20,179 --> 00:11:23,382
SCIENCE ON THE STAR AND WE WILL

302
00:11:23,382 --> 00:11:24,684
HEAR FROM THE LEADERS FROM THE

303
00:11:24,684 --> 00:11:25,651
MISSION ABOUT WHAT THEY FOUND

304
00:11:25,651 --> 00:11:27,753
OUT IN THE FIRST FOUR PAPER AS

305
00:11:27,753 --> 00:11:29,355
THERE ARE COMING OUT TONIGHT IN

306
00:11:29,355 --> 00:11:30,156
NATURE.

307
00:11:30,156 --> 00:11:31,657
LET'S HEAR FROM THEM RATING NOW.

308
00:11:31,657 --> 00:11:32,758
>> 50 YEARS AFTER THE BEGINNING

309
00:11:32,758 --> 00:11:34,660
OF SPACE EXPLORATION, WE DONE

310
00:11:34,660 --> 00:11:36,162
UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HEATING THE

311
00:11:36,162 --> 00:11:39,465
SOLAR CORE ROAN, UP TO HIGH

312
00:11:39,465 --> 00:11:40,066
SPEEDS?

313
00:11:40,066 --> 00:11:41,967
SO THIS THERE IS IS A LONG MUST

314
00:11:41,967 --> 00:11:43,869
RY, HOW DO YOU CREATE A HOT

315
00:11:43,869 --> 00:11:45,871
CORONA FROM A COLD FOR THAT LIKE

316
00:11:45,871 --> 00:11:47,773
GOING TO THE SUN, WE ARE

317
00:11:47,773 --> 00:11:49,275
LEARNING ABOUT THE SOURCE OF EN

318
00:11:49,275 --> 00:11:51,077
GETTERRIC PARTICLES WHERE THEY

319
00:11:51,077 --> 00:11:52,778
BEGIN DOWN IN THE ARE

320
00:11:52,778 --> 00:11:53,579
ATMOSPHERE.

321
00:11:53,579 --> 00:11:55,281
>> THE SOLAR CORONA IS THE UPPER

322
00:11:55,281 --> 00:11:57,083
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN THAT IS

323
00:11:57,083 --> 00:11:58,884
MILLIONS OF DEGREES, VERY HOT.

324
00:11:58,884 --> 00:12:00,786
WHERE AS THE WHITE LIGHT SUN YOU

325
00:12:00,786 --> 00:12:02,488
SEE IN THE SKY IS COOL.

326
00:12:02,488 --> 00:12:04,390
SO THE IDEA OF SOLAR PROBE TO

327
00:12:04,390 --> 00:12:06,592
ACTUALLY GO THERE IN THIS THE

328
00:12:06,592 --> 00:12:08,494
CORONA AND MAKE THE

329
00:12:08,494 --> 00:12:09,795
MEASUREMENTS.

330
00:12:09,795 --> 00:12:11,697
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS GET SOG

331
00:12:11,697 --> 00:12:13,399
CLOSE TO THE SUN BUT IT WILL

332
00:12:13,399 --> 00:12:14,633
ANSWER QUESTIONS WE CANNOT

333
00:12:14,633 --> 00:12:15,735
FORMULATE NOW.

334
00:12:15,735 --> 00:12:17,236
>> MY HOPE WITH SOLAR PROBE

335
00:12:17,236 --> 00:12:18,738
WE'LL GET CLOSE ENOUGH TO THE

336
00:12:18,738 --> 00:12:20,940
SUN AND DIRECTLY MEASURE THE

337
00:12:20,940 --> 00:12:22,942
SOLAR WIND AND THE CORONA.

338
00:12:22,942 --> 00:12:24,643
IF YOU ARE TRYING TO UNDERSAN

339
00:12:24,643 --> 00:12:26,212
THE SOURCE OF AT WEAR FALL, YOU

340
00:12:26,212 --> 00:12:27,713
ARE AT THE BOTTFUL TO IT, YOU

341
00:12:27,713 --> 00:12:29,215
SEE THE MIXED UP TURBULENT MESS,

342
00:12:29,215 --> 00:12:31,417
IT IS REALLY HARD TO UNDERSTAND

343
00:12:31,417 --> 00:12:33,619
WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE TOP OF

344
00:12:33,619 --> 00:12:34,420
THE WATERFALL.

345
00:12:34,420 --> 00:12:35,721
THAT WAS WHAT WE ARE DOING NOW.

346
00:12:35,721 --> 00:12:37,223
WE'RE CLOSER TO THE TOP.

347
00:12:37,223 --> 00:12:40,926
WE'RE ON THE CUSP ON THE ABILITY

348
00:12:40,926 --> 00:12:42,428
TO ANSWER WHAT HEATS THE SOLAR

349
00:12:42,428 --> 00:12:42,828
WIND.

350
00:12:42,828 --> 00:12:44,330
>> THE HIGH TEMPERATURANCE THE

351
00:12:44,330 --> 00:12:45,831
ACCELERATION OF THE WIND AND

352
00:12:45,831 --> 00:12:47,333
SUPERSONIC SPEED.

353
00:12:47,333 --> 00:12:48,434
>> WINTER HAS ALREADY SEEN SOME

354
00:12:48,434 --> 00:12:49,935
THING AS THERE GETTING A HINT

355
00:12:49,935 --> 00:12:52,037
INTO SOME OF THE LONG LANDING

356
00:12:52,037 --> 00:12:53,539
PRESCRIPTIONS OF WHAT WE MAY

357
00:12:53,539 --> 00:12:54,039
SEE.

358
00:12:54,039 --> 00:12:55,241
>> IN OPPORTUNITIES WORKING

359
00:12:55,241 --> 00:12:56,742
REALLY WELL AND THE RESULTS ARE

360
00:12:56,742 --> 00:12:57,643
SURPRISING.

361
00:12:57,643 --> 00:12:59,545
>> I AM REALLY EXCITED WE ARE

362
00:12:59,545 --> 00:13:00,246
LEARNING ABOUT THE SPACE

363
00:13:00,246 --> 00:13:01,747
RADIATION ENVIRONMENT.

364
00:13:01,747 --> 00:13:03,249
WE NOW MEASURE THE MAGNETIC

365
00:13:03,249 --> 00:13:05,451
PEEL, THE STRUCTURE OF THE

366
00:13:05,451 --> 00:13:06,552
MAGNETIC PEALED.

367
00:13:06,552 --> 00:13:08,254
A WE'RE SEEING LOTS AND LOTS OF

368
00:13:08,254 --> 00:13:09,955
THESE MALL SCALE ERUPTION

369
00:13:09,955 --> 00:13:11,857
INTERESTS THE SUN.

370
00:13:11,857 --> 00:13:13,559
>> IT IS VERY YUN IMPORTANT TO

371
00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:15,094
YUN STARN HOW THEY CAN TRAVEL OR

372
00:13:15,094 --> 00:13:16,796
NOT TRAVEL TO THE OUT TO THE

373
00:13:16,796 --> 00:13:17,997
SOLAR SYSTEM.

374
00:13:17,997 --> 00:13:19,598
>> IT WILL PLAY SEROUS FLY

375
00:13:19,598 --> 00:13:21,100
DOWNER STANDING OVER THE

376
00:13:21,100 --> 00:13:23,202
DYNAMICS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC

377
00:13:23,202 --> 00:13:25,171
FELL AND CURRENTS DRIVE BIN

378
00:13:25,171 --> 00:13:26,972
THINK SUN ITSELF.

379
00:13:26,972 --> 00:13:28,674
IT IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT FOR

380
00:13:28,674 --> 00:13:29,975
PROTECTING SLIGHTS IN SPACE.

381
00:13:29,975 --> 00:13:31,777
TO SEE THIS DATA.

382
00:13:31,777 --> 00:13:33,279
IT ISZY, SURE, AND THE DATA IS

383
00:13:33,279 --> 00:13:35,581
SO SPECTACULAR, IT IS TERRIFIC

384
00:13:35,581 --> 00:13:39,485
STUFF.

385
00:13:39,485 --> 00:13:43,289
>> WELL, GROAT FLARE THE PI'S.

386
00:13:43,289 --> 00:13:45,891
IT IS UNDERSTANDING, NOW WE'LL

387
00:13:45,891 --> 00:13:48,093
GET TO THE DISCOVERIES.

388
00:13:48,093 --> 00:13:50,196
NICKY, CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE FIRST

389
00:13:50,196 --> 00:13:51,897
RESULTS THAT WE TALK ABOUT TODAY

390
00:13:51,897 --> 00:13:54,099
AND THE SOLAR WIND M I CAN DO IT

391
00:13:54,099 --> 00:13:58,103
WITH ONE WORD-- SWITCHBACK.

392
00:13:58,103 --> 00:13:59,004
SWITCHBACKS.

393
00:13:59,004 --> 00:13:59,905
>> TELL ME ABOUT IT.

394
00:13:59,905 --> 00:14:02,908
>> I KNOW YOU ARE LOOK CONFUSED.

395
00:14:02,908 --> 00:14:05,711
OUR STAR HAS A VERY BIG MAGNETIC

396
00:14:05,711 --> 00:14:06,712
FIELD IN IT.

397
00:14:06,712 --> 00:14:08,013
AND YOU KNOW, WE THOUGHT WE

398
00:14:08,013 --> 00:14:10,416
WOULD SEE A MAGNETIC FELLED AND

399
00:14:10,416 --> 00:14:11,717
WE DIDN'T THINK IT WOULD BE

400
00:14:11,717 --> 00:14:13,619
OBVIOUSLY JUST FLOWING OUT

401
00:14:13,619 --> 00:14:14,854
TOWARD US.

402
00:14:14,854 --> 00:14:16,555
NOTHING TOO SURPRISING.

403
00:14:16,555 --> 00:14:18,958
YET WHEN WE GOT IN CLOSE TO THE

404
00:14:18,958 --> 00:14:21,260
SUN, WE FOUND THESE STRANGE

405
00:14:21,260 --> 00:14:23,262
LITTLE FEATURES WHERE IT WAS

406
00:14:23,262 --> 00:14:25,331
LITERALLY REVERSION ON ITSELF

407
00:14:25,331 --> 00:14:27,833
THEN COMING BACK OUT AGAIN.

408
00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:30,336
>> WOW.

409
00:14:30,336 --> 00:14:33,138
>> LIKE 180DEGREES.

410
00:14:33,138 --> 00:14:34,340
CAN YOU DEMONSTRATE THAT.

411
00:14:34,340 --> 00:14:35,641
>> YOU LOOK CONFUSED.

412
00:14:35,641 --> 00:14:35,941
ALL RIGHT.

413
00:14:35,941 --> 00:14:36,942
LET ME TELL YOU.

414
00:14:36,942 --> 00:14:39,545
NOW, I AM PLEASED TO SAY MY

415
00:14:39,545 --> 00:14:40,846
FRIENDS HERE ARE NOT GOOD.

416
00:14:40,846 --> 00:14:42,748
SO THEY PROVIDED THE SUN FOR ME.

417
00:14:42,748 --> 00:14:45,551
NOW, YOU WILL REMEMBER FROM WHEN

418
00:14:45,551 --> 00:14:46,452
YOU WERE AT SCHOOL.

419
00:14:46,452 --> 00:14:49,255
YOU SPRINKLED ION AROUND THE

420
00:14:49,255 --> 00:14:51,757
BOTTOM AND YOU SAW A NICE PATENT

421
00:14:51,757 --> 00:14:53,959
WELL SIMILAR WE SEE THIS ON THE

422
00:14:53,959 --> 00:14:55,261
SUN WITH YOU EVERYTHING IS

423
00:14:55,261 --> 00:14:56,562
COMPLICATED SO IT IS A LITTLE

424
00:14:56,562 --> 00:14:58,864
BIT MORE DETAILED BUT WE ARE

425
00:14:58,864 --> 00:15:01,066
MINIMUM RIGHT NOW SO IT US THE

426
00:15:01,066 --> 00:15:03,669
LEAST ACTIVE TIME OF THE SOLAR

427
00:15:03,669 --> 00:15:05,771
CYCLE THE LEAST NUMBER OF SUN

428
00:15:05,771 --> 00:15:07,873
SPOTS ON THE DESK NOW SO THAT

429
00:15:07,873 --> 00:15:09,575
MEANS THE MAGNETIC FEEL IS A

430
00:15:09,575 --> 00:15:11,176
LITTLE BIT MORE CROWN FORM SO WE

431
00:15:11,176 --> 00:15:12,678
CAN THINK OF IT COMING OUT ARE

432
00:15:12,678 --> 00:15:14,713
INSIDE AND SORT OF LAYING DOWN

433
00:15:14,713 --> 00:15:18,417
AS IT GETS PULLED OUT AS NOUR

434
00:15:18,417 --> 00:15:20,719
SAID TO SWEEP ACROSS AL THE

435
00:15:20,719 --> 00:15:23,122
PLANET, AND THEN THE

436
00:15:23,122 --> 00:15:24,924
CORRESPONDING FIELD COMING IN ON

437
00:15:24,924 --> 00:15:26,692
THE OTHER SIDE AND SO YOU GOT

438
00:15:26,692 --> 00:15:28,193
THIS SORT OF REGION HERE WHERE

439
00:15:28,193 --> 00:15:29,895
YOU EXPECT TO SEE FIELDS

440
00:15:29,895 --> 00:15:31,397
POINTING IN DIFFERENT

441
00:15:31,397 --> 00:15:32,097
DIRECTIONS.

442
00:15:32,097 --> 00:15:32,698
OK.

443
00:15:32,698 --> 00:15:34,900
SO WE GOT OUR FIRST MAGNETIC

444
00:15:34,900 --> 00:15:36,802
FIELD DATA, WE EXPECTED WHEN WE

445
00:15:36,802 --> 00:15:39,605
WERE LOOKING THAT RADIAL FLOW UP

446
00:15:39,605 --> 00:15:42,207
FROM THE SPACECRAFT THAT WE

447
00:15:42,207 --> 00:15:43,909
WOULD SEE JUST THAT MAGNETIC

448
00:15:43,909 --> 00:15:45,411
FIELD COMING TOWARD US.

449
00:15:45,411 --> 00:15:47,112
SO YOU CAN PANEL GIN OUR SUR

450
00:15:47,112 --> 00:15:48,614
RICE WHEN THE FIRST THING WE SAW

451
00:15:48,614 --> 00:15:51,016
WAS SOMETHING THAT LOOKED LIKE

452
00:15:51,016 --> 00:15:54,620
THIS.

453
00:15:54,620 --> 00:15:56,121
AND WE EXPECTED THAT TO BE A

454
00:15:56,121 --> 00:15:58,223
NICE STRAIGHT LANE SO THE FIRST

455
00:15:58,223 --> 00:16:00,225
THING WE THOUGHT, OH, NO,

456
00:16:00,225 --> 00:16:01,927
INSTRUMENT IS NOT WORKING, BUT

457
00:16:01,927 --> 00:16:03,629
DON'T WORRY, INSTRUMENT WAS

458
00:16:03,629 --> 00:16:04,530
WORKING JUST FINE.

459
00:16:04,530 --> 00:16:05,831
SO THE NEXT THING WE THOUGHT,

460
00:16:05,831 --> 00:16:07,733
WELL, MAYBE THE SPACECRAFT IS

461
00:16:07,733 --> 00:16:10,736
KIND OF IN THIS REGION BETWEEN

462
00:16:10,736 --> 00:16:13,038
WHERE WE WOULD EXPECT TO SEE THE

463
00:16:13,038 --> 00:16:15,174
MAGNETIC FIELD REVERSING AND AS

464
00:16:15,174 --> 00:16:17,276
YOU CAN MAY IN GUN WITH THE SUN.

465
00:16:17,276 --> 00:16:18,777
THE SUN IS ROTATING NOTHING IS

466
00:16:18,777 --> 00:16:19,278
SIMPLE.

467
00:16:19,278 --> 00:16:20,779
SO INSTEAD OF THIS BEING LIKE A

468
00:16:20,779 --> 00:16:22,881
NICE SMOOTH PLAIN, IT IS

469
00:16:22,881 --> 00:16:23,983
ACTUALLY SORT OF GOES UP AND

470
00:16:23,983 --> 00:16:25,951
DOWN VERY MUCH LIKE A

471
00:16:25,951 --> 00:16:29,655
BALLERINA'S SKIRT.

472
00:16:29,655 --> 00:16:29,855
OK.

473
00:16:29,855 --> 00:16:31,557
SO MAYBE THE SPACECRAFT IS

474
00:16:31,557 --> 00:16:32,658
SITTING HER AND THE WHOLE THING

475
00:16:32,658 --> 00:16:34,560
IS MOVING UP AND DOWN OVER THE

476
00:16:34,560 --> 00:16:35,260
TOP OF IT.

477
00:16:35,260 --> 00:16:38,664
THEN, WE ADD ANOTHER DATA SET TO

478
00:16:38,664 --> 00:16:40,165
OUR STUDY AND REALIZED THAT

479
00:16:40,165 --> 00:16:42,067
MATERIAL WE WERE LOOKING AT WAS

480
00:16:42,067 --> 00:16:43,869
BASICALLY STAYING ON THE SAME

481
00:16:43,869 --> 00:16:44,470
FIELD LINE.

482
00:16:44,470 --> 00:16:47,272
WE WERE NOT TRANSITION BETWEEN

483
00:16:47,272 --> 00:16:48,774
ONE REGION AND THE OTHER.

484
00:16:48,774 --> 00:16:50,075
WHAT WE WERE ACTUALLY SEEING IS

485
00:16:50,075 --> 00:16:52,578
LIKE S-SHAPED CURVE OR A

486
00:16:52,578 --> 00:16:54,580
SWITCHBACK IN THE SOLAR WIND.

487
00:16:54,580 --> 00:16:58,484
SO WE'RE SAYING IS S SHAPED SO

488
00:16:58,484 --> 00:17:00,986
NOW YOU WOULD SEE THAT THE FIELD

489
00:17:00,986 --> 00:17:04,289
IS KIND OF DOING THIS AND THEN

490
00:17:04,289 --> 00:17:06,992
CONTINUING OUT ON THE WAY.

491
00:17:06,992 --> 00:17:08,794
MAKING THIS SORT OF S SHAPE.

492
00:17:08,794 --> 00:17:12,798
SO IT IS A BIT LIKE A WHIP

493
00:17:12,798 --> 00:17:13,298
CRACK.

494
00:17:13,298 --> 00:17:14,733
WHEN YOU CRACK WHIP AND HEAR

495
00:17:14,733 --> 00:17:15,934
THAT SOUND.

496
00:17:15,934 --> 00:17:17,236
IT IS IN NER GY BEING RELEASED

497
00:17:17,236 --> 00:17:19,438
AS THE WHIP IS CRACK AND THINK

498
00:17:19,438 --> 00:17:21,840
OF IT AS STRETCHING A RUBBER

499
00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:23,742
BAND WHEN YOU STRETCH IT AND IT

500
00:17:23,742 --> 00:17:25,711
BREAK AND YOU FEEL PAIN IN THE

501
00:17:25,711 --> 00:17:26,211
FINGERS.

502
00:17:26,211 --> 00:17:27,713
YOU WHAT ARE FEELINGS THE HEAT

503
00:17:27,713 --> 00:17:29,214
OR EN GIR BEING RELEASED FROM

504
00:17:29,214 --> 00:17:31,517
THAT RUBBER BAND AS IT BREAKS SO

505
00:17:31,517 --> 00:17:33,719
WE THINK HERE, THERE IS ENERGY

506
00:17:33,719 --> 00:17:35,421
STORED IN THIS MAGNETIC FIELD

507
00:17:35,421 --> 00:17:37,322
AND AS IT IS STRAIGHTPING OUT,

508
00:17:37,322 --> 00:17:39,224
IT IS RELEASING THE ENERGY.

509
00:17:39,224 --> 00:17:41,126
AND NO, YOU HAD A NICE

510
00:17:41,126 --> 00:17:42,428
DESCRIPTION WE WERE TALKING

511
00:17:42,428 --> 00:17:44,029
ABOUT EARLIER, ABOUT LIKE A

512
00:17:44,029 --> 00:17:46,131
RUBBER HOST AND HOW YOU WANT TO

513
00:17:46,131 --> 00:17:49,535
MAYBE TALK ABOUT THAT.

514
00:17:49,535 --> 00:17:52,838
>> SO LIKE WHEN YOU TWIST I, IT

515
00:17:52,838 --> 00:17:54,039
IS ONE TWIST.

516
00:17:54,039 --> 00:17:56,442
SO HAVING STRUCTURE ALL OVER THE

517
00:17:56,442 --> 00:17:58,644
PLACE IN THE SOLAR CORONA CLOSE

518
00:17:58,644 --> 00:18:00,946
TO THE SUN, IT IS NOT EASY TO

519
00:18:00,946 --> 00:18:02,047
HAVE.

520
00:18:02,047 --> 00:18:05,651
YOU NEED A LOT TO CREATE THAT.

521
00:18:05,651 --> 00:18:07,653
AND OBVIOUSLY, AS NUKE CAN I

522
00:18:07,653 --> 00:18:11,757
SAID, THEY STORED ALLOW.

523
00:18:11,757 --> 00:18:13,258
THE FACT IF YOU GO BACK TO

524
00:18:13,258 --> 00:18:15,494
HISTORY AND DATA FROM SPACE WE

525
00:18:15,494 --> 00:18:18,397
ARE USED TO IT.

526
00:18:18,397 --> 00:18:22,501
THIS ONE IS BACK TO THE SUN AND

527
00:18:22,501 --> 00:18:27,272
OUT AGAIN.

528
00:18:27,272 --> 00:18:29,575
THIS IS MIND BLOWN.

529
00:18:29,575 --> 00:18:32,177
AND THIS, IF YOU WILL, IT IS ONE

530
00:18:32,177 --> 00:18:34,379
OF THE MISSING PULSES WE HAVE

531
00:18:34,379 --> 00:18:35,681
BEEN LOOKING FOR FOR FOR SO

532
00:18:35,681 --> 00:18:36,281
LONG.

533
00:18:36,281 --> 00:18:37,382
WE'RE ACTUALLY LOOKING FOR

534
00:18:37,382 --> 00:18:39,885
INDUSTRY SOURCES THAT HEAT

535
00:18:39,885 --> 00:18:40,986
PLASMA.

536
00:18:40,986 --> 00:18:43,589
REMEMBER THE PRIMARY DIRECTOR IS

537
00:18:43,589 --> 00:18:46,992
TO EXPLAIN THE CORONAL HEATING

538
00:18:46,992 --> 00:18:52,698
THANK COULD BE ONE SIGNIFICANT

539
00:18:52,698 --> 00:18:54,199
HEAT INVESTIGATION.

540
00:18:54,199 --> 00:18:54,800
>> CERTAINLY.

541
00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:56,301
CERTAINLY T. THE SMOKING GUN.

542
00:18:56,301 --> 00:18:57,402
I THINK IT IS ALSO WORTH

543
00:18:57,402 --> 00:18:59,805
POINTING OUT THAT, YOU KNOW, WE

544
00:18:59,805 --> 00:19:01,507
STUDIED THE SOLAR WIND ALL THE

545
00:19:01,507 --> 00:19:02,808
WAY UP TO THE TIME OF MERCURY

546
00:19:02,808 --> 00:19:04,710
AND MERV SEEN THESE FEATURES.

547
00:19:04,710 --> 00:19:07,913
THESE HAVE ONLY BECOME VISIBLE.

548
00:19:07,913 --> 00:19:09,715
NOW WE GOT INSIDE THE ORBIT AT

549
00:19:09,715 --> 00:19:12,718
THE TIME OF MARK RY AND EXPECTS

550
00:19:12,718 --> 00:19:14,753
AS THE MISSION CONTINUES AND IT

551
00:19:14,753 --> 00:19:16,455
GETS CLOSER AND CLOSER TO THE

552
00:19:16,455 --> 00:19:18,457
SUN'S SR. FIS NOT ONLY WILL WE

553
00:19:18,457 --> 00:19:21,660
SEE MORE OF THESE BUT SEE BIGGER

554
00:19:21,660 --> 00:19:22,261
SIGNAL.

555
00:19:22,261 --> 00:19:26,231
WE THINK THIS IS A BIG SMOKING

556
00:19:26,231 --> 00:19:27,533
GUN TODAY FOR WHAT IS CAUSING

557
00:19:27,533 --> 00:19:29,835
THE HEATING OF THE SOLAR WIND.

558
00:19:29,835 --> 00:19:33,539
>> AMAZING.

559
00:19:33,539 --> 00:19:35,641
>> FROM '58 WE HAVE BEEN

560
00:19:35,641 --> 00:19:37,643
THINKING WE NEED TO SEND A PROBE

561
00:19:37,643 --> 00:19:37,943
THERE.

562
00:19:37,943 --> 00:19:41,847
ACTUALLY WAS.

563
00:19:41,847 --> 00:19:43,749
IT IS JUST ON POINT.

564
00:19:43,749 --> 00:19:45,050
GOING TO THE SOURCE.

565
00:19:45,050 --> 00:19:45,851
WE SHOW UP.

566
00:19:45,851 --> 00:19:49,955
THE MISSING PIECES OF THE CORE

567
00:19:49,955 --> 00:19:51,456
LIEN FOR DECADES NOW.

568
00:19:51,456 --> 00:19:52,958
>> THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE

569
00:19:52,958 --> 00:19:55,160
SWITCHBACKS THE NEW DETAILS IS

570
00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:57,262
IT FOR PREDICTS, FOR SAFETY IN

571
00:19:57,262 --> 00:19:59,464
THE EARTH'S SPACE WEATHER AREA

572
00:19:59,464 --> 00:20:00,265
AND THE EARTH.

573
00:20:00,265 --> 00:20:02,167
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATION OF IT?

574
00:20:02,167 --> 00:20:03,468
>> WELL, IT IS UNDERSTANDING

575
00:20:03,468 --> 00:20:04,970
WHAT IS CAUSING THIS ASELL RIGS

576
00:20:04,970 --> 00:20:06,471
AND SO, YOU FOE, IF YOU THINK

577
00:20:06,471 --> 00:20:06,772
ABOUT IT.

578
00:20:06,772 --> 00:20:08,473
BY THE TIME GET TO THE ETHER.

579
00:20:08,473 --> 00:20:10,475
WE GOT THIS SORT OF SMOOTH FLOW

580
00:20:10,475 --> 00:20:11,677
P. WHAT IS CAUSING THIS

581
00:20:11,677 --> 00:20:12,377
ACCELERATION.

582
00:20:12,377 --> 00:20:14,079
SO WE'RE SEEING LITTLE

583
00:20:14,079 --> 00:20:14,980
SIGNATURESES OF THIS

584
00:20:14,980 --> 00:20:15,781
ACCELERATION.

585
00:20:15,781 --> 00:20:17,482
WHEN YOU ADD ALL OF THESE

586
00:20:17,482 --> 00:20:18,383
SIGNATURES TODAY.

587
00:20:18,383 --> 00:20:19,885
YOU GET A BIG WAVE.

588
00:20:19,885 --> 00:20:21,186
ANOTHER FIRST TIME, WE'RE

589
00:20:21,186 --> 00:20:22,087
STARTING TO BE ABLE TO SEE

590
00:20:22,087 --> 00:20:23,789
FEATURES IN THE SOL ARE WINDS

591
00:20:23,789 --> 00:20:25,490
THAT ARE TELLING US THE SOLAR

592
00:20:25,490 --> 00:20:27,192
WIND IS BEING ACCELERATED.

593
00:20:27,192 --> 00:20:29,094
OBS I, WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS GET

594
00:20:29,094 --> 00:20:31,496
CLOSER AND CLOSER TO THE SUN, IT

595
00:20:31,496 --> 00:20:32,998
STARS TO LINK THESE FEATURES TO

596
00:20:32,998 --> 00:20:35,100
THE SOURCES ON THE SOLAR SUR

597
00:20:35,100 --> 00:20:35,601
PACE.

598
00:20:35,601 --> 00:20:37,102
AND ONCE WE CAN START TO DO

599
00:20:37,102 --> 00:20:39,905
THAT, THEN, THEN THE MAKE

600
00:20:39,905 --> 00:20:41,807
TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPROVE 789S ON

601
00:20:41,807 --> 00:20:43,709
OUR ACHE TO PREDICT THE SPACE

602
00:20:43,709 --> 00:20:45,010
WEATHER THAT IS COMING TOWARD

603
00:20:45,010 --> 00:20:45,510
US.

604
00:20:45,510 --> 00:20:47,212
SO LOTS OF GREAT STUFF HERE.

605
00:20:47,212 --> 00:20:48,714
>> PRETTY AMAZING.

606
00:20:48,714 --> 00:20:49,815
>> WELL, WE ARE READY TO TAKE

607
00:20:49,815 --> 00:20:51,717
QUESTIONS FROM OUR VIEWERS.

608
00:20:51,717 --> 00:20:54,119
REMINDER TO EVERYBODY WATCHING.

609
00:20:54,119 --> 00:20:57,522
HASHTAG IS ASK NASA.

610
00:20:57,522 --> 00:20:58,824
PUT THAT IN THE BOX WHERE YOU

611
00:20:58,824 --> 00:21:00,025
ARE WATCHING OR USE IT ON

612
00:21:00,025 --> 00:21:00,926
TWITTER AND FACEBOOK.

613
00:21:00,926 --> 00:21:04,830
SO THE FIRST ASK NASA QUESTION I

614
00:21:04,830 --> 00:21:06,732
THINK WE ANSWERED IT A LITTLE

615
00:21:06,732 --> 00:21:08,233
BIT.

616
00:21:08,233 --> 00:21:10,135
INITIAL RESULTS GIVE MANY CLUES

617
00:21:10,135 --> 00:21:12,337
OZ TO THE SUPER HEATING

618
00:21:12,337 --> 00:21:12,738
QUESTION.

619
00:21:12,738 --> 00:21:14,172
WE TALKED ABOUT THAT A LITTLE.

620
00:21:14,172 --> 00:21:15,874
SWITCHBACKS THE NERN GN THE

621
00:21:15,874 --> 00:21:19,077
MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND THE SUN.

622
00:21:19,077 --> 00:21:19,578
>> YEAH.

623
00:21:19,578 --> 00:21:22,781
WE HAVE SEEN UNEXPECTED WAVES

624
00:21:22,781 --> 00:21:24,983
THAT WE THINK ARE STARTING TO

625
00:21:24,983 --> 00:21:27,552
EXCITE THE PLASMA TO ACTUALLY

626
00:21:27,552 --> 00:21:29,254
CAUSE THE SWITCHBACKS IN THE

627
00:21:29,254 --> 00:21:30,355
MAGNETIC FIELD.

628
00:21:30,355 --> 00:21:34,459
AS FOUR NOTE, ITS HARD.

629
00:21:34,459 --> 00:21:36,161
HAVE TO PUT SOME ENERGY IN THERE

630
00:21:36,161 --> 00:21:38,163
TO GET THIS FEATURE AND SO, YOU

631
00:21:38,163 --> 00:21:41,166
KNOW, WE SEE THESE UNUSUAL WAVE

632
00:21:41,166 --> 00:21:42,868
STRUCTURES, AGAIN, WE EXPECT

633
00:21:42,868 --> 00:21:44,670
THEM TO GET LARGER AND LARGER AS

634
00:21:44,670 --> 00:21:46,171
WE GET CLOSE FOR THE SUN, SO

635
00:21:46,171 --> 00:21:48,273
MANY THINGS IN THIS DATA SET,

636
00:21:48,273 --> 00:21:49,975
THAT ARE EXCITING TO US, BUT

637
00:21:49,975 --> 00:21:52,577
THESE SWITCHBACKS ARE CERTAINLY

638
00:21:52,577 --> 00:21:54,079
DEADLY SMOKING GUN, AND LOOKING

639
00:21:54,079 --> 00:21:55,380
FOR WORD TO GETTING MORE

640
00:21:55,380 --> 00:21:56,481
INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT CAUSES

641
00:21:56,481 --> 00:21:57,582
THOSE.

642
00:21:57,582 --> 00:21:59,084
>> GREAT.

643
00:21:59,084 --> 00:22:01,086
EVEN THESE SWITCHBACKS ARE

644
00:22:01,086 --> 00:22:03,388
INTERESTING PHENOMENON.

645
00:22:03,388 --> 00:22:05,791
BUT THERE ARE PERIODS OF TIME

646
00:22:05,791 --> 00:22:07,292
WHEN IT IS SITE.

647
00:22:07,292 --> 00:22:13,498
THERE ARE NO SWITCHBACKS THERE.

648
00:22:13,498 --> 00:22:15,133
>> WE SEE A LOT DURING THE

649
00:22:15,133 --> 00:22:17,336
FLIGHT PERIOD WHERE THE MAGNETIC

650
00:22:17,336 --> 00:22:19,538
FIELD IS STUDY.

651
00:22:19,538 --> 00:22:21,440
ONCE IT COPS IN AND THE WAY IT

652
00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:24,042
IS, IT IS ISN'T SWITCHBACKS.

653
00:22:24,042 --> 00:22:26,011
>> DEFINITELY A LOT OF EXCITING

654
00:22:26,011 --> 00:22:26,511
STUFF.

655
00:22:26,511 --> 00:22:27,813
>> ANOTHER QUESTION THE HEATING

656
00:22:27,813 --> 00:22:28,613
ISSUE.

657
00:22:28,613 --> 00:22:30,515
MAD DY ON TWITTER WANTS TO KNOW

658
00:22:30,515 --> 00:22:31,616
IF YOU HAVE BEEN BETWEEN THE

659
00:22:31,616 --> 00:22:33,118
CORE FLOWN AND THE SUR PACE, HOW

660
00:22:33,118 --> 00:22:35,120
DO WE KNOW THE CORONA IS HOTTER

661
00:22:35,120 --> 00:22:36,621
THAN THE SURFACE?

662
00:22:36,621 --> 00:22:39,624
>> OH.

663
00:22:39,624 --> 00:22:40,726
>> THIS IS ONE OF THE FAVORITE

664
00:22:40,726 --> 00:22:43,228
STORIES.

665
00:22:43,228 --> 00:22:44,930
>> EXACTLY.

666
00:22:44,930 --> 00:22:48,233
>> BACK IN 1869, THERE WAS TWO

667
00:22:48,233 --> 00:22:50,135
AMERICANS THEY WENT TO OBSERVE

668
00:22:50,135 --> 00:22:52,537
THE SOLAR ECLIPSE AND OBSERVE

669
00:22:52,537 --> 00:22:55,941
THE SAME INITIAL SOLAR CORONA.

670
00:22:55,941 --> 00:22:58,043
IT IS ACTUALLY LIGHTING THE

671
00:22:58,043 --> 00:22:59,845
GREEN PART OF THE SPECTRUM, AND

672
00:22:59,845 --> 00:23:03,048
THAT LASTED FOR 70 YEARS WHEN

673
00:23:03,048 --> 00:23:04,449
YOU DIP KNOW WHAT WAS THE

674
00:23:04,449 --> 00:23:10,956
CHEMICAL ELEMENT IN THAT.

675
00:23:10,956 --> 00:23:18,797
>> IN 1959 WE KNEW.

676
00:23:18,797 --> 00:23:22,601
WE DISCOVERED THE BACK.

677
00:23:22,601 --> 00:23:24,603
THE FACT THEY EXIST MEANS THE

678
00:23:24,603 --> 00:23:26,371
CORONA IS EXTREMELY HOT BECAUSE

679
00:23:26,371 --> 00:23:30,075
YOU CAN NOT EYE ONIZE 15 TIMES

680
00:23:30,075 --> 00:23:31,576
WITHOUT HAVING PLACE PLA IN THE

681
00:23:31,576 --> 00:23:33,478
MILLIONS OF DEGREES SO THE

682
00:23:33,478 --> 00:23:37,582
CORONA MUST BE HARD FOR THIS TO

683
00:23:37,582 --> 00:23:38,183
BE WILLING.

684
00:23:38,183 --> 00:23:39,684
THAT IS HOW WE KNOW THEY ARE

685
00:23:39,684 --> 00:23:42,687
THERE.

686
00:23:42,687 --> 00:23:43,789
THEY THOUGHT WITH ITS A WHOLE

687
00:23:43,789 --> 00:23:47,192
NEW ELEMENT SO ACTUALLY, NOT TOO

688
00:23:47,192 --> 00:23:48,693
LONG BEFORE THAT THEY DISCOVERED

689
00:23:48,693 --> 00:23:51,096
HELIUM AND ALSO IN THE SAME WAY

690
00:23:51,096 --> 00:23:54,299
USING THESE DURING THE ECLIPSE

691
00:23:54,299 --> 00:23:56,201
AND DISCOVERED HELIUM AND

692
00:23:56,201 --> 00:23:57,702
THOUGHT WE DISCOVERED ANOTHER

693
00:23:57,702 --> 00:24:00,105
MATERIAL AND CALLED IT CORONA

694
00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:01,606
THAN IS WHERE THE CONTROVERSY

695
00:24:01,606 --> 00:24:03,308
CAME AND THE GROUPS THAT

696
00:24:03,308 --> 00:24:06,611
THOUGHT, AND ANOTHER GROUP THAT

697
00:24:06,611 --> 00:24:09,314
SAID, NO, IT IS IRON.

698
00:24:09,314 --> 00:24:12,117
IS SUPER HEATED THAT IT HAS ALSO

699
00:24:12,117 --> 00:24:14,119
AL THE ELECTRONS AND SO THAT WAS

700
00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:16,354
HOW THEY DISCOVERED IT 300 TIMES

701
00:24:16,354 --> 00:24:18,256
HOTTER THE ONLY WAY.

702
00:24:18,256 --> 00:24:19,157
>> WOW.

703
00:24:19,157 --> 00:24:20,659
>> TIME FOR ONE QUICK QUESTION

704
00:24:20,659 --> 00:24:23,862
HERE.

705
00:24:23,862 --> 00:24:25,163
>> ARE THERE CORRELATIONS

706
00:24:25,163 --> 00:24:26,331
BETWEENS THE MAGNETIC FIELD

707
00:24:26,331 --> 00:24:28,233
DIRECTION AND LOCAL CORONA

708
00:24:28,233 --> 00:24:30,235
TEMPERATURE?

709
00:24:30,235 --> 00:24:32,337
>> WE DON'T KNOW YET, ACTUALLY.

710
00:24:32,337 --> 00:24:35,340
PROBABLY NOT.

711
00:24:35,340 --> 00:24:37,042
WE REALLY CARE MORE ABOUT THE

712
00:24:37,042 --> 00:24:39,044
MAGNETIC FIELD DIRECTION OF HOW

713
00:24:39,044 --> 00:24:40,545
IT IMPACTS US HERE ON EARTH

714
00:24:40,545 --> 00:24:42,647
BECAUSE, OBVIOUSLY, IF IT IS

715
00:24:42,647 --> 00:24:44,349
POINTING IN THE OPPOSITE WAY TO

716
00:24:44,349 --> 00:24:46,051
THEATER'S PEALED, THEN JUST LIKE

717
00:24:46,051 --> 00:24:49,054
LIGHT POLES RAPPEL AND OPPOSITE

718
00:24:49,054 --> 00:24:51,256
ATTRACTS WITH MAGNETS WE GET

719
00:24:51,256 --> 00:24:52,657
ATTRACTION AND ACTUAL CONNECTION

720
00:24:52,657 --> 00:24:54,759
AND ALLOWS AN AWFUL LOT OF

721
00:24:54,759 --> 00:24:56,461
ENERGY, WE CARE ABOUT THE

722
00:24:56,461 --> 00:24:59,664
DIRECTION OF REALLY WHEN IT GETS

723
00:24:59,664 --> 00:25:00,365
HERE TO EARTH.

724
00:25:00,365 --> 00:25:02,467
IT IS REALLY THE MAGNITUDE, THE

725
00:25:02,467 --> 00:25:03,768
STRENGTH OF THAT MAGNETIC FIELD

726
00:25:03,768 --> 00:25:05,070
THAT I THINK IS GOING TO BE MORE

727
00:25:05,070 --> 00:25:05,670
IMPORTANT.

728
00:25:05,670 --> 00:25:08,373
>> AND THE SUN, AS NIKKI SAID,

729
00:25:08,373 --> 00:25:11,076
ACTUALLY, IT IS NOT AS

730
00:25:11,076 --> 00:25:11,576
IMPORTANT.

731
00:25:11,576 --> 00:25:14,513
THE COMPLEXITY AND SO FORTH.

732
00:25:14,513 --> 00:25:18,517
THE MOST IMPORTANT IS AVAILABLE

733
00:25:18,517 --> 00:25:22,420
FOR THE PLASMA.

734
00:25:22,420 --> 00:25:24,623
IT TRANSFERS ENERGY TO THE PLACE

735
00:25:24,623 --> 00:25:26,391
IN THE FORM OF HEAT.

736
00:25:26,391 --> 00:25:28,493
IT IS COMPLEXITY.

737
00:25:28,493 --> 00:25:30,495
>> THE MOST MOSHE TWISTED IT IS,

738
00:25:30,495 --> 00:25:31,997
THE MORE END NER GIT HAS.

739
00:25:31,997 --> 00:25:33,298
>> REAL QUICKLY BEFORE WE GO TO

740
00:25:33,298 --> 00:25:35,200
THE NEXT SECT WHICH IS A

741
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:36,902
DEMONSTRATION OF THE PARKER HEAT

742
00:25:36,902 --> 00:25:37,502
SHIELD.

743
00:25:37,502 --> 00:25:39,304
I DO WANT TO NOTE REAL QUICKLY.

744
00:25:39,304 --> 00:25:40,605
NICK WHERE I, HOW IT GOES

745
00:25:40,605 --> 00:25:43,308
THROUGH THE SUPER HOT AREA.

746
00:25:43,308 --> 00:25:43,808
>> PLASMA.

747
00:25:43,808 --> 00:25:44,809
YEAH.

748
00:25:44,809 --> 00:25:47,612
SO WOULD YOU TOUCH THE OF SNOW.

749
00:25:47,612 --> 00:25:48,513
>> NEVER.

750
00:25:48,513 --> 00:25:48,914
>> NEVER.

751
00:25:48,914 --> 00:25:49,614
GOOD.

752
00:25:49,614 --> 00:25:51,716
SO WE TALK ABOUT THIS THREE

753
00:25:51,716 --> 00:25:53,418
MILLION DEGREE PLASMA.

754
00:25:53,418 --> 00:25:55,620
BUT THE PLASMA ITSELF IS NOT

755
00:25:55,620 --> 00:25:56,922
ADVANCED.

756
00:25:56,922 --> 00:25:59,824
IT IS CONTINUOUS PLASMASON THERE

757
00:25:59,824 --> 00:26:01,626
ARE NOT THAT MANY PARTICLES

758
00:26:01,626 --> 00:26:02,027
THERE.

759
00:26:02,027 --> 00:26:03,328
IF YOU THINK ABOUT TURNING THE

760
00:26:03,328 --> 00:26:06,331
STOVE ON AND YOU PUT LIKE

761
00:26:06,331 --> 00:26:08,934
450DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, YOU CAN

762
00:26:08,934 --> 00:26:11,036
PUT YOUR HAND INSIDE THE OVEN

763
00:26:11,036 --> 00:26:13,838
AND YOU WON'T BURN YOURSELF

764
00:26:13,838 --> 00:26:15,073
UNLESS YOU ACTUALLY TOUCH

765
00:26:15,073 --> 00:26:15,473
SOMETHING.

766
00:26:15,473 --> 00:26:16,374
DO NOT TRY.

767
00:26:16,374 --> 00:26:18,076
IF YOU TOUCH SOMETHING THEN YOU

768
00:26:18,076 --> 00:26:20,178
ACTUALLY ALLOW THAT HEAT TO

769
00:26:20,178 --> 00:26:21,980
COUPLE THE FINGERS AND YOU WILL

770
00:26:21,980 --> 00:26:22,981
GET BURNED.

771
00:26:22,981 --> 00:26:25,183
SO LOOK THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE

772
00:26:25,183 --> 00:26:27,552
NOT THAT MANY PARTICLE ALSO.

773
00:26:27,552 --> 00:26:29,754
THE INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES ARE

774
00:26:29,754 --> 00:26:32,057
TEMPERATURE OF THREE MILLION

775
00:26:32,057 --> 00:26:33,458
DEGREES RECOVERALL THERE IS NOT

776
00:26:33,458 --> 00:26:35,160
THAT MUCH KIND OF, YOU KNOW,

777
00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:36,861
ATMOSPHERE THERE TO REALLY KUMM

778
00:26:36,861 --> 00:26:39,664
THE SPACE.

779
00:26:39,664 --> 00:26:41,566
WE HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE HEAT.

780
00:26:41,566 --> 00:26:43,068
WE'RE UP BY THE SUN.

781
00:26:43,068 --> 00:26:44,569
IT IS REALLY BRIGHT.

782
00:26:44,569 --> 00:26:46,271
YOU PUT YOUR HAN MARE A LIGHT

783
00:26:46,271 --> 00:26:47,973
BULB YOU WILL FEEL THAT HEAT.

784
00:26:47,973 --> 00:26:49,574
WE ACTUALLY WORRY ABOUT THAT.

785
00:26:49,574 --> 00:26:52,277
SO WE HAVE THIS INCREDIBLE HEAT

786
00:26:52,277 --> 00:26:53,578
SHIELD THAT STILL HAS TO

787
00:26:53,578 --> 00:26:56,181
WITHSTAND TEMPERATURES OF ABOUT

788
00:26:56,181 --> 00:26:58,383
2500DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ON THE

789
00:26:58,383 --> 00:26:59,784
FRONT SIDE WHERE AS THE

790
00:26:59,784 --> 00:27:02,587
INSTRUMENTS THAT SIT ON THE MAIN

791
00:27:02,587 --> 00:27:06,091
BODY OF THE SPACECRAFT THEY HIDE

792
00:27:06,091 --> 00:27:07,792
OR YOU KNOW, THEY LIVEN THE

793
00:27:07,792 --> 00:27:09,894
SHADOW THAT IS CREATED BY THE

794
00:27:09,894 --> 00:27:10,795
HEAT SHIELD.

795
00:27:10,795 --> 00:27:12,697
SO THEY ARE AT THE TEMPERATURE

796
00:27:12,697 --> 00:27:16,134
OF 90-85 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT LIKE

797
00:27:16,134 --> 00:27:19,137
A FLORIDA EVENING IN AUGUST.

798
00:27:19,137 --> 00:27:23,642
>> ALL RIGHT.

799
00:27:23,642 --> 00:27:24,643
>> IT IS AMAZING.

800
00:27:24,643 --> 00:27:30,515
WE HAVE

801
00:27:30,515 --> 00:27:31,149
BETSY CONGDON, LEAD HEAT SHIELD

802
00:27:31,149 --> 00:27:31,716
ENGINEER, PARKER SOLAR PROBE

803
00:27:31,716 --> 00:27:32,283
JIM KINNISON, PARKER MISSION

804
00:27:32,283 --> 00:27:34,019
SYSTEM ENGINEER, APL

805
00:27:34,019 --> 00:27:36,621
THEY SHOWED US A FULL-SIZE MODEL

806
00:27:36,621 --> 00:27:38,123
AND DID A DEMONSTRATION FOR US.

807
00:27:38,123 --> 00:27:39,424
LET'S TAKE A LOOK.

808
00:27:39,424 --> 00:27:40,825
>> THANKS.

809
00:27:40,825 --> 00:27:44,329
I AM HERE WITH A HEAT SHIELD.

810
00:27:44,329 --> 00:27:46,231
IT IS AN EX AC REPLICA OF WHAT

811
00:27:46,231 --> 00:27:48,633
IS FLYING IN SPACE.

812
00:27:48,633 --> 00:27:51,136
THE TOP HEAT SHIELD IS EIGHT

813
00:27:51,136 --> 00:27:52,737
FEET IN DIAMETER AND FOUR AND A

814
00:27:52,737 --> 00:27:54,039
HALF INCHES THICK.

815
00:27:54,039 --> 00:27:55,740
THE TOP SURFACE HAS WHITE

816
00:27:55,740 --> 00:27:57,642
COATING TO REFLECT ENERGY P. IT

817
00:27:57,642 --> 00:27:59,344
IS LIKE BEING IN A WHITE CAR IN

818
00:27:59,344 --> 00:28:01,346
A HOT DAY AS OPPOSED TO BE A

819
00:28:01,346 --> 00:28:02,747
BLACK CAR IN A HOT DAY.

820
00:28:02,747 --> 00:28:04,549
WOULD YOU MUCH RATHER BE IN THE

821
00:28:04,549 --> 00:28:05,550
WHITE CAR.

822
00:28:05,550 --> 00:28:07,552
THE WHOLE HEAT SHIELD IS SIT ON

823
00:28:07,552 --> 00:28:08,653
PRAIM THAT CONNECTS TO THE

824
00:28:08,653 --> 00:28:10,755
SPACECRAFT AND THE SYSTEM HEATS

825
00:28:10,755 --> 00:28:13,058
PARKER SOLAR PROBE AT A COOL

826
00:28:13,058 --> 00:28:14,793
5DEGREES AS WE APPROACH THE SUN

827
00:28:14,793 --> 00:28:16,895
AND NOW I WILL SHOW A DEMO.

828
00:28:16,895 --> 00:28:17,996
HI.

829
00:28:17,996 --> 00:28:19,297
>> HI, BETSY.

830
00:28:19,297 --> 00:28:21,299
HERE WE GOT A CUTOUT OF THE HEAT

831
00:28:21,299 --> 00:28:21,800
SHIELD.

832
00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:22,400
THE SAME THING.

833
00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:23,902
FOUR NACH INCHES THICK.

834
00:28:23,902 --> 00:28:25,704
CAR BEEN CAR BEEN ON EITHER

835
00:28:25,704 --> 00:28:26,171
SIDE.

836
00:28:26,171 --> 00:28:28,773
CARBON CARBON IS LIKE WHAT YOU

837
00:28:28,773 --> 00:28:31,476
FIND THE TENNIS RACKET AND THE

838
00:28:31,476 --> 00:28:32,577
GOLF CLUB.

839
00:28:32,577 --> 00:28:34,479
THE IN SIDE IS ABOUT THREE

840
00:28:34,479 --> 00:28:36,481
PERCENT DENSE ONE OF THE REASONS

841
00:28:36,481 --> 00:28:38,383
WHY IT IS LIGHTWEIGHT.

842
00:28:38,383 --> 00:28:38,783
OK.

843
00:28:38,783 --> 00:28:40,385
>> LET'S GIVE IT A TRY.

844
00:28:40,385 --> 00:28:40,785
OK.

845
00:28:40,785 --> 00:28:42,687
IT IS NOT GOING TO HURT, IS IT?

846
00:28:42,687 --> 00:28:43,588
>> I DON'T THINK SO.

847
00:28:43,588 --> 00:28:44,489
>> OK.

848
00:28:44,489 --> 00:28:48,993
I WILL GET THE FRONT RED HOT.

849
00:28:48,993 --> 00:28:51,596
NOT QUITE AS HOT AS IT IS IN THE

850
00:28:51,596 --> 00:28:51,996
SUN.

851
00:28:51,996 --> 00:28:53,698
WE CAN'T QUITE DO THAT.

852
00:28:53,698 --> 00:28:54,999
IT IS PRETTY HOT.

853
00:28:54,999 --> 00:28:57,802
I CAN FEEL THE HEAT.

854
00:28:57,802 --> 00:29:00,205
JIM IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO TOUCH

855
00:29:00,205 --> 00:29:02,107
THE BACK SIDE WITH THE HAPPENED.

856
00:29:02,107 --> 00:29:03,508
>> LET'S DO.

857
00:29:03,508 --> 00:29:03,808
>> WOW.

858
00:29:03,808 --> 00:29:05,510
THAT IS COOL.

859
00:29:05,510 --> 00:29:08,012
EYE DONE FEEL ANY HEAT AT ALL.

860
00:29:08,012 --> 00:29:08,313
>> NOTHING.

861
00:29:08,313 --> 00:29:10,815
I CERTAINLY HE'LL FEEL HEAT AND

862
00:29:10,815 --> 00:29:13,218
STARTING TO GET WAY RED HER ON

863
00:29:13,218 --> 00:29:14,652
THE FRONT SIDE HERE.

864
00:29:14,652 --> 00:29:18,256
>> NOTHING HERE.

865
00:29:18,256 --> 00:29:19,557
>> AND THAT IS A HEAT CHILD

866
00:29:19,557 --> 00:29:22,160
TECHNOLOGY THAT KEEPS PARKER

867
00:29:22,160 --> 00:29:24,362
SOLAR PROBE SAFE AT THE SUN.

868
00:29:24,362 --> 00:29:24,763
>> WOW.

869
00:29:24,763 --> 00:29:28,032
THANKS, BET SANEIAM, THAT PUTS

870
00:29:28,032 --> 00:29:30,635
IT INTO PERSPECTIVE THE EXTREME

871
00:29:30,635 --> 00:29:32,337
IN CONDITIONS.

872
00:29:32,337 --> 00:29:33,838
THE NEXT TONGUE DEALS WITH MORE

873
00:29:33,838 --> 00:29:35,340
SCIENCE THAT PARKER UNCOVERED

874
00:29:35,340 --> 00:29:37,041
DURING THE CLOSE FLYBY TO THE

875
00:29:37,041 --> 00:29:40,245
SUN AND FLY BACK TO THE LAB AND

876
00:29:40,245 --> 00:29:43,348
TO THE PARKER OPERATION CENTER

877
00:29:43,348 --> 00:29:47,852
MY FRIEND KAREN FOX THERE IS AND

878
00:29:47,852 --> 00:29:48,486
ALEIDA HIGGINSON, PARKER DEPUTY

879
00:29:48,486 --> 00:29:49,087
PROJECT SCIENTIST FOR SCIENCE

880
00:29:49,087 --> 00:29:49,654
OPERATION, APL

881
00:29:49,654 --> 00:29:51,356
TOLL US WHERE ARE AND THE

882
00:29:51,356 --> 00:29:52,857
SCIENCE?

883
00:29:52,857 --> 00:29:54,159
>> THANK YOU, GRAY.

884
00:29:54,159 --> 00:29:55,660
>> I AM HERE AT THE MISSIONS

885
00:29:55,660 --> 00:29:57,962
OPERATION CENTER.

886
00:29:57,962 --> 00:30:00,064
AT JOHN HOPKINS APL.

887
00:30:00,064 --> 00:30:01,566
THE CONTROL CENTER FOR PARKER

888
00:30:01,566 --> 00:30:05,870
SOLAR PROBE AND THIS IS WHERE IT

889
00:30:05,870 --> 00:30:07,672
ALL HAPPENS.

890
00:30:07,672 --> 00:30:11,876
I AM HERE WITH ERIC WHO IS THIS

891
00:30:11,876 --> 00:30:13,378
DEPUTY PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR

892
00:30:13,378 --> 00:30:15,780
FOR THE INSTRUMENTS ON PARKER

893
00:30:15,780 --> 00:30:20,285
AND THE DEPUTY PROJECT SCIENTIST

894
00:30:20,285 --> 00:30:22,487
HERE AT APL FOR PARKER.

895
00:30:22,487 --> 00:30:23,288
WELCOME.

896
00:30:23,288 --> 00:30:23,788
>> THANK YOU.

897
00:30:23,788 --> 00:30:24,389
>> THANKS.

898
00:30:24,389 --> 00:30:26,291
>> WELL, TELL US WHERE WE ARE.

899
00:30:26,291 --> 00:30:27,592
WHAT IS GOING ON HERE?

900
00:30:27,592 --> 00:30:29,294
>> THIS IS THE MISSION OPERATION

901
00:30:29,294 --> 00:30:31,296
CENTER AND ALL THE DATA FROM THE

902
00:30:31,296 --> 00:30:34,699
SPACECRAFT BY RADIO THROUGH THE

903
00:30:34,699 --> 00:30:36,901
DEEP SPACE NETWORK WIGS ARRAY OF

904
00:30:36,901 --> 00:30:39,404
ANTENNAS NASA MAINTAINS AROUND

905
00:30:39,404 --> 00:30:39,904
THE WORLD.

906
00:30:39,904 --> 00:30:41,206
ALL OF THAT DATA COMES HOOKING

907
00:30:41,206 --> 00:30:44,209
THE DEEP SEA HERE IN THE CENTER

908
00:30:44,209 --> 00:30:46,110
BEFORE GETTING DISDRUB BUTED TO

909
00:30:46,110 --> 00:30:47,212
SEE YOU INTERESTS AROUND THE

910
00:30:47,212 --> 00:30:48,413
WORLD WHO ARE DOING THE REAL

911
00:30:48,413 --> 00:30:49,714
WORK WITH THE SCIENCE.

912
00:30:49,714 --> 00:30:51,716
BUT ALSO, ALL THE COMMANDS AND

913
00:30:51,716 --> 00:30:53,818
THE SPACECRAFT GET SENT FROM

914
00:30:53,818 --> 00:30:55,520
THIS MISSION OPERATION CENTER

915
00:30:55,520 --> 00:30:56,621
AND REALLY THE HEART OF THE

916
00:30:56,621 --> 00:30:58,823
MISSION.

917
00:30:58,823 --> 00:31:00,625
>> SO RIGHT HERE, RIGHT NOW.

918
00:31:00,625 --> 00:31:01,626
THE PLACE WHERE THINGS ARE GOING

919
00:31:01,626 --> 00:31:02,827
UP AND DOWN AND TALKING TO THE

920
00:31:02,827 --> 00:31:03,828
MISSION.

921
00:31:03,828 --> 00:31:06,231
HOW OFTEN ARE YOU IN CONTACT

922
00:31:06,231 --> 00:31:08,333
WITH PARKER SOLAR PROBE.

923
00:31:08,333 --> 00:31:09,634
>> A FEW THINGS THAT INTERFERE

924
00:31:09,634 --> 00:31:10,735
WITH THE ABILITY TO TALK TO THE

925
00:31:10,735 --> 00:31:11,636
SPACECRAFT.

926
00:31:11,636 --> 00:31:12,637
>> ONCE THE FRONT ITSELF.

927
00:31:12,637 --> 00:31:14,138
IF PARKER IS ON THE OTHER SIDE

928
00:31:14,138 --> 00:31:14,639
OF THE SUN.

929
00:31:14,639 --> 00:31:15,773
OBVIOUSLY, THAT IS GOING TO SPER

930
00:31:15,773 --> 00:31:16,875
FER WITH COMMUNICATION.

931
00:31:16,875 --> 00:31:19,077
THE OTHER HAS TO DO WITH THE

932
00:31:19,077 --> 00:31:20,378
ANGLE BETWEEN THE HEAT SHIELD

933
00:31:20,378 --> 00:31:22,080
AND AND TEN INAND THE SPACECRAFT

934
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:23,381
USES TO TALK TO ETHER.

935
00:31:23,381 --> 00:31:24,682
WHEN PARKER GETS CLOSE TO THE

936
00:31:24,682 --> 00:31:26,851
SUN, THEN WE HAVE TO KEEP THAT

937
00:31:26,851 --> 00:31:28,753
HEAT SHIELD POINTED AT THE SUN

938
00:31:28,753 --> 00:31:30,255
TO PROTECT THE SPACECRAFT AND

939
00:31:30,255 --> 00:31:31,756
SOMETIMES THAT MEANS WE CANNOT

940
00:31:31,756 --> 00:31:32,857
POINT THE ANTENNA.

941
00:31:32,857 --> 00:31:35,660
WE GO THROUGH PHASES OF GOOD

942
00:31:35,660 --> 00:31:37,362
TIMES TO TALK TO SPACECRAFT AND

943
00:31:37,362 --> 00:31:37,762
BAD.

944
00:31:37,762 --> 00:31:39,964
RIGHT NOW, WE'RE IN SPAED SPACE

945
00:31:39,964 --> 00:31:42,166
SO WE CAN TALK EVERY DAY DAY OR

946
00:31:42,166 --> 00:31:42,967
EVERY FEW DAYS.

947
00:31:42,967 --> 00:31:43,668
FANTASTIC.

948
00:31:43,668 --> 00:31:44,869
WE'RE HERE TODAY TO TALK ABOUT

949
00:31:44,869 --> 00:31:47,472
THE SCIENCE SEEN BY THE SIGNALS

950
00:31:47,472 --> 00:31:49,173
THAT HAVE COME DONE, LAID DOWN

951
00:31:49,173 --> 00:31:50,475
THE OB SER VAGUESES FROM PARKER

952
00:31:50,475 --> 00:31:52,477
SOLAR PROBE.

953
00:31:52,477 --> 00:31:54,679
FIRST UP, TELL US ABOUT THE

954
00:31:54,679 --> 00:31:56,180
DUST-FREE ZONE WE'RE SPOTTING

955
00:31:56,180 --> 00:31:58,483
AROUND THE SUN?

956
00:31:58,483 --> 00:31:58,783
>> YES.

957
00:31:58,783 --> 00:32:00,685
THERE IS A DUST CLOUD THAT FILLS

958
00:32:00,685 --> 00:32:02,687
THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM THAT IS

959
00:32:02,687 --> 00:32:05,490
MADE UP OF COMETS AND ASTEROIDS.

960
00:32:05,490 --> 00:32:07,392
AS THE PIECES BREAK OFF, THEY

961
00:32:07,392 --> 00:32:09,794
SPIRAL TO THE SUN AND COLLIDE

962
00:32:09,794 --> 00:32:11,696
WITH EACH OTHER AND BREAK INTO

963
00:32:11,696 --> 00:32:13,197
SMALLER AND SMALLER PIECES WHEN

964
00:32:13,197 --> 00:32:15,934
THEY GET CLOSE TO THE SUN AND

965
00:32:15,934 --> 00:32:18,436
SMALL THEY GET COMPLETELY

966
00:32:18,436 --> 00:32:20,238
VAPORIZED BY THE SUN OR SO SMALL

967
00:32:20,238 --> 00:32:21,940
THE PURCHASE PRESSURE FROM THE

968
00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:23,241
LIGHT OF THE SUN ITSELF IS

969
00:32:23,241 --> 00:32:25,043
ENOUGH TO PUSH THEM BACK OUT

970
00:32:25,043 --> 00:32:26,811
AWAY THE SUN AND BELIEVED TO

971
00:32:26,811 --> 00:32:28,212
CREATE THIS REGION AROUND THE

972
00:32:28,212 --> 00:32:29,714
SUN WHERE THERE IS NO DUST AT

973
00:32:29,714 --> 00:32:31,716
ALL OR THE DUST-FREE ZONE.

974
00:32:31,716 --> 00:32:33,217
YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE THE DUST

975
00:32:33,217 --> 00:32:34,719
CLOUD FROM EARTH ITSELF.

976
00:32:34,719 --> 00:32:36,821
IT IS CALLED THE LIGHT BUT YOU

977
00:32:36,821 --> 00:32:39,023
CAN'T SEE THE DUST-FREE ZONE SO

978
00:32:39,023 --> 00:32:40,725
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS DIVE

979
00:32:40,725 --> 00:32:42,026
THROUGH THE DUST CLOUD AND

980
00:32:42,026 --> 00:32:43,928
FINALLY GETTING THE FIRST HINT

981
00:32:43,928 --> 00:32:46,130
WE MAY BE ABLE TO DETECT THE

982
00:32:46,130 --> 00:32:47,532
DUST FREE GLOBE FOR THE FIRST

983
00:32:47,532 --> 00:32:48,032
TIME.

984
00:32:48,032 --> 00:32:49,334
>> AND PREDICTION ABOUT THIS

985
00:32:49,334 --> 00:32:52,136
DUST-FREE ZONE ABOUT 100 YEARS

986
00:32:52,136 --> 00:32:53,137
AGO, RIGHT?

987
00:32:53,137 --> 00:32:53,638
>> YES.

988
00:32:53,638 --> 00:32:56,441
1920 BY HENRY RUSSELL.

989
00:32:56,441 --> 00:32:57,842
HAS BEEN A LONG TIME.

990
00:32:57,842 --> 00:32:59,243
SO EXCITING WE ARE FIGURING

991
00:32:59,243 --> 00:33:00,745
THINGS OUT THAT WE PREDICTED

992
00:33:00,745 --> 00:33:01,546
FROM LONG AGO.

993
00:33:01,546 --> 00:33:02,246
ANOTHER THING WE TALK ABOUT

994
00:33:02,246 --> 00:33:04,549
TODAYS THE SOL A ARE WIND.

995
00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:06,050
THE TREAM OF PART NELLS FLOW

996
00:33:06,050 --> 00:33:07,151
FRAUGHT THE SUN WE HAVE BEEN

997
00:33:07,151 --> 00:33:07,952
TALKING ABOUT.

998
00:33:07,952 --> 00:33:10,154
WHAT WE LEARNED FROM PARKER IS

999
00:33:10,154 --> 00:33:12,056
THAT IT IS ROTATING WITH THE SUN

1000
00:33:12,056 --> 00:33:13,358
IN A DIFFERENT WAY THAN

1001
00:33:13,358 --> 00:33:15,193
EXPECTED.

1002
00:33:15,193 --> 00:33:18,096
>> SO THE SOLAR WIND BLOWS OUT

1003
00:33:18,096 --> 00:33:20,498
UNALL DIRECTIONS FROM THE SUN,

1004
00:33:20,498 --> 00:33:22,200
BUT WE KNOW THE CORONA, THE

1005
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:24,102
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN ROTATES

1006
00:33:24,102 --> 00:33:26,371
WITH THE SUN, IT HAS BEEN EVERY

1007
00:33:26,371 --> 00:33:29,974
26 DAYS AND BUT ON EARTH, THE

1008
00:33:29,974 --> 00:33:31,275
SOLAR WIND IS MOVING STRAIGHT

1009
00:33:31,275 --> 00:33:33,177
OUT FROM THE SUN SO THERE HAS

1010
00:33:33,177 --> 00:33:34,278
GOT TO BE A TRANSITION THE

1011
00:33:34,278 --> 00:33:35,780
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN GROSS

1012
00:33:35,780 --> 00:33:38,182
ROTATING WITH THE SUN TO MOVING

1013
00:33:38,182 --> 00:33:38,583
STRAIGHT.

1014
00:33:38,583 --> 00:33:41,586
THE DATA FROM PARKER SOLAR

1015
00:33:41,586 --> 00:33:42,687
PROBE SHOWS THAT TRANSITION

1016
00:33:42,687 --> 00:33:44,889
HAPPENS FOR THE FROM THE SUN

1017
00:33:44,889 --> 00:33:47,792
THAN WE THOUGHT THAN THE THEORY

1018
00:33:47,792 --> 00:33:48,493
PREDICTED.

1019
00:33:48,493 --> 00:33:49,394
THAT IS ACTUALLY REALLY

1020
00:33:49,394 --> 00:33:51,896
INTERESTING BECAUSE THIS SLOWING

1021
00:33:51,896 --> 00:33:53,398
DOWN THIS STRAIGHTENING OUT OF

1022
00:33:53,398 --> 00:33:56,601
THE SOLAR WIND WHAT IS SLOWS

1023
00:33:56,601 --> 00:33:58,102
DOWN THE SPIN OF ALL STARS IN

1024
00:33:58,102 --> 00:33:59,504
THE UNIVERSE.

1025
00:33:59,504 --> 00:34:03,508
AND SO, AS THE STAR EVOLVES AND

1026
00:34:03,508 --> 00:34:05,209
SPINS SLOWER AND SLOWER AND

1027
00:34:05,209 --> 00:34:07,011
SPINNING EFFECTS THE AC OF TY

1028
00:34:07,011 --> 00:34:08,312
THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR SPACE

1029
00:34:08,312 --> 00:34:10,214
WEATHER, THE NUMBER OF STORMS

1030
00:34:10,214 --> 00:34:12,817
THAT YOU GET FROM A STAR THAT

1031
00:34:12,817 --> 00:34:14,318
GENES ON HOW FAST IT IS

1032
00:34:14,318 --> 00:34:14,919
SPINNING.

1033
00:34:14,919 --> 00:34:17,055
SO THIS EFFECTS THE EVOLUTION OF

1034
00:34:17,055 --> 00:34:19,557
ALL THE STARS IN THE GALAXY.

1035
00:34:19,557 --> 00:34:21,159
ALL THE STARS IN THE UNIVERSE

1036
00:34:21,159 --> 00:34:23,361
AND CAN EFFECT HABITABILITY OF

1037
00:34:23,361 --> 00:34:25,063
SOLAR SYSTEMS FAR AWAY FROM OUR

1038
00:34:25,063 --> 00:34:25,463
OWN.

1039
00:34:25,463 --> 00:34:26,631
REALLY OXIDING.

1040
00:34:26,631 --> 00:34:27,932
>> WELL, I THINK THAT IS GREAT

1041
00:34:27,932 --> 00:34:29,634
WE ARE SENDING OUR STAR AND ABLE

1042
00:34:29,634 --> 00:34:30,935
TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THE

1043
00:34:30,935 --> 00:34:33,037
ENTIRE UNIVERSE WHEN WE DO THAT.

1044
00:34:33,037 --> 00:34:33,438
A YEAH.

1045
00:34:33,438 --> 00:34:36,741
SO OUR STAR IS THE ONLY, OUR

1046
00:34:36,741 --> 00:34:38,242
STARS THE ONLY STAR WE CAN

1047
00:34:38,242 --> 00:34:40,545
DIRECTLY GO WITH PARKER SOLAR

1048
00:34:40,545 --> 00:34:42,246
PROBE AND MEASURE WHAT IS

1049
00:34:42,246 --> 00:34:42,947
HAPPENING.

1050
00:34:42,947 --> 00:34:44,649
ALL THE OTHERS WERE SO FAR AWAY

1051
00:34:44,649 --> 00:34:46,751
FROM TELESCOPES AND TELL IS A

1052
00:34:46,751 --> 00:34:47,251
LOT.

1053
00:34:47,251 --> 00:34:48,753
ACTUALLY GETTING THERE WHERE THE

1054
00:34:48,753 --> 00:34:50,655
ACTION IS AND THE PARKER SOLAR

1055
00:34:50,655 --> 00:34:52,156
PROBE DISSEIBED TO DO.

1056
00:34:52,156 --> 00:34:52,557
>> GREAT.

1057
00:34:52,557 --> 00:34:53,658
WE HAVE ONE MORE DISCOVER ARE

1058
00:34:53,658 --> 00:34:55,159
YOU WE ARE TALKING ABOUT TODAY.

1059
00:34:55,159 --> 00:34:57,061
THE MORE AND HERE AND NOW WHICH

1060
00:34:57,061 --> 00:34:58,663
IS ABOUT SPACE WEATHER WHICH CAN

1061
00:34:58,663 --> 00:35:01,466
AFFECT ASTRONAUT AND TECHNOLOGY

1062
00:35:01,466 --> 00:35:03,568
NEAR EARTH AND WE SAW WITH

1063
00:35:03,568 --> 00:35:05,670
PARKER THE SEEDS OF SOME OF

1064
00:35:05,670 --> 00:35:07,872
THOSE SPACE WEATHER EVENTS.

1065
00:35:07,872 --> 00:35:08,973
TELL US ABOUT THAT.

1066
00:35:08,973 --> 00:35:13,277
SO THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE SEES A

1067
00:35:13,277 --> 00:35:16,614
BUNCH OF VERY SMALL SOLAR FLARES

1068
00:35:16,614 --> 00:35:18,716
THESE ARE EXPLOSIONS ON THE SUN

1069
00:35:18,716 --> 00:35:20,918
THAT CAN ACCELERATE PARTICLES UP

1070
00:35:20,918 --> 00:35:23,121
TO ALMOST THE SPEED OF LIGHT AND

1071
00:35:23,121 --> 00:35:27,191
THE SOLE ARE PARTICLES THE FAST

1072
00:35:27,191 --> 00:35:29,093
PARTICLES THAT ARE A DANGER TO

1073
00:35:29,093 --> 00:35:30,495
SPACECRAFT AND ASTRONAUT WHEN

1074
00:35:30,495 --> 00:35:32,997
THEY GET AWAY FROM MAGNETIC

1075
00:35:32,997 --> 00:35:34,999
FIELD OF THE EARTH FOR EXAMPLE

1076
00:35:34,999 --> 00:35:36,200
GOING TO THE MACHINE OR THE

1077
00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:37,101
MARS.

1078
00:35:37,101 --> 00:35:38,603
SO THESE ARE INTERESTING FROM

1079
00:35:38,603 --> 00:35:40,905
THE STANDPOINT OF SPACE WEATHER

1080
00:35:40,905 --> 00:35:44,609
AND PARKER HAS SEEN SMALL EVENTS

1081
00:35:44,609 --> 00:35:46,310
THAT ARE COMPLETELY WASHED OUT

1082
00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:47,812
BOY THE TIME WE GET TO EARTH AND

1083
00:35:47,812 --> 00:35:49,914
NEVER SEEN THEM BEFORE BUT THEY

1084
00:35:49,914 --> 00:35:52,316
FORMED THE KEY TOWNER STANDING

1085
00:35:52,316 --> 00:35:55,119
WHAT ACCELERATING THE SOLAR

1086
00:35:55,119 --> 00:35:56,821
PARTICLES MILLION WE UNDERSTAND

1087
00:35:56,821 --> 00:35:58,823
THE BASS UK SCIENCE WE CANNOT

1088
00:35:58,823 --> 00:35:59,824
PREDICT THEM.

1089
00:35:59,824 --> 00:36:00,224
ALL RIGHT.

1090
00:36:00,224 --> 00:36:00,525
THANKS.

1091
00:36:00,525 --> 00:36:02,226
WE ARE NOW GOING TO TAKE COUPLE

1092
00:36:02,226 --> 00:36:04,729
OF YOUR QUESTIONS FROM ASK NASA.

1093
00:36:04,729 --> 00:36:06,731
THE FIRST ONE IS FROM MARK ON

1094
00:36:06,731 --> 00:36:09,333
TWITTER AND DOING DO WE KNOW HOW

1095
00:36:09,333 --> 00:36:12,336
HOT THE SHIELD GOT VERSUS HOW

1096
00:36:12,336 --> 00:36:14,839
HOT YOU CALCULATED IT WOULD GET

1097
00:36:14,839 --> 00:36:16,274
INTO WE DON'T HAVE SEM TURE

1098
00:36:16,274 --> 00:36:18,476
SENSORS ON THE FRONT OF THE HEAT

1099
00:36:18,476 --> 00:36:20,178
SHIELD BUT TEMPERATURES BEHIND

1100
00:36:20,178 --> 00:36:22,280
THE HEAT SHIELD AT THE BACK SIDE

1101
00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:24,682
THEN WE USE MODEL TO SAY, OK.

1102
00:36:24,682 --> 00:36:26,651
IF WE KNOW THE FRONT OF THE HEAT

1103
00:36:26,651 --> 00:36:27,752
SHIELD THIS IS HOT AND WE EXPECT

1104
00:36:27,752 --> 00:36:29,654
TO REGISTER A CERTAIN

1105
00:36:29,654 --> 00:36:30,955
TEMPERATURE ON THE BACK SIDE SO

1106
00:36:30,955 --> 00:36:32,957
COMPARING THAT IF FROM THE FIRST

1107
00:36:32,957 --> 00:36:34,859
THREE ORBITS THEN PARKER SOLAR

1108
00:36:34,859 --> 00:36:36,561
PROBE IS GOING TO GET CLOSER AND

1109
00:36:36,561 --> 00:36:37,862
CLOSER AND WE HAVE EVERY REASON

1110
00:36:37,862 --> 00:36:40,064
TO BELIEVE IT IS GOING TO KEEPER

1111
00:36:40,064 --> 00:36:41,465
FORKING BUTTE PLY.

1112
00:36:41,465 --> 00:36:42,166
A FANTASTIC.

1113
00:36:42,166 --> 00:36:44,569
>> OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FROM

1114
00:36:44,569 --> 00:36:45,570
TWITTER.

1115
00:36:45,570 --> 00:36:47,071
WHEN THE PROBE US ON THE TAR

1116
00:36:47,071 --> 00:36:48,873
SIDE OF THE SUN, IT LOSES ALL

1117
00:36:48,873 --> 00:36:50,575
CONTACT WITH EARTH, HOW LONG DO

1118
00:36:50,575 --> 00:36:52,476
WE HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL IT ON

1119
00:36:52,476 --> 00:36:54,378
CONNECTION IS REESTABLISHED AND

1120
00:36:54,378 --> 00:36:56,981
HOW UNNERVING IS IT FOR YOU?

1121
00:36:56,981 --> 00:36:59,383
>> SO PARKER SOLAR PROBE

1122
00:36:59,383 --> 00:37:01,485
ENCOUNTERS THE SUN WHEN ON THE

1123
00:37:01,485 --> 00:37:06,891
OTHER SIDE ARE 10 TO 15 DAYS SO

1124
00:37:06,891 --> 00:37:08,993
THE FIRST TIME PARKER SOLAR

1125
00:37:08,993 --> 00:37:10,494
PROBE WENT BEHIND THE SUN WE

1126
00:37:10,494 --> 00:37:12,496
WERE NERVOUS BECAUSE WE WERE NOT

1127
00:37:12,496 --> 00:37:14,198
SURE WE WITH SEE IT COME OUT THE

1128
00:37:14,198 --> 00:37:16,234
OTHER SIDE BUT THE HEAT SHIELD

1129
00:37:16,234 --> 00:37:17,535
PERFORMED BEAUTIFULLY AND NOW

1130
00:37:17,535 --> 00:37:18,836
ARE YOU TEEN SO ALONGING FOR

1131
00:37:18,836 --> 00:37:20,137
TOWARD THE NEXT ENCOUNTER.

1132
00:37:20,137 --> 00:37:22,240
>> WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE

1133
00:37:22,240 --> 00:37:24,141
QUICK QUESTION ON THIS SIDE FROM

1134
00:37:24,141 --> 00:37:26,143
EIGHTH GRADE EARTH SCIENCE CLASS

1135
00:37:26,143 --> 00:37:27,011
ON TWITTER.

1136
00:37:27,011 --> 00:37:28,913
WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST ENGINEERING

1137
00:37:28,913 --> 00:37:31,115
CHALLENGE BUILDING SPARKER SOLAR

1138
00:37:31,115 --> 00:37:32,016
THREE?

1139
00:37:32,016 --> 00:37:34,318
>> WELL, I WOULD THINK THE HEAT

1140
00:37:34,318 --> 00:37:34,719
SHIELD.

1141
00:37:34,719 --> 00:37:36,020
WITHOUT THE HEAT SHIELD WE DON'T

1142
00:37:36,020 --> 00:37:36,520
HAVE MISSION.

1143
00:37:36,520 --> 00:37:38,422
THEY PUT A LOT OF EFFORT INTO

1144
00:37:38,422 --> 00:37:40,825
PROVING THEY COULD BUILD A HEAT

1145
00:37:40,825 --> 00:37:42,927
SHIELD OR BUILD A TEST ONE AND

1146
00:37:42,927 --> 00:37:44,629
RAN IT THROUGH THE OVENS TO MAKE

1147
00:37:44,629 --> 00:37:46,831
SURE THU HEAT UP ONE END AND

1148
00:37:46,831 --> 00:37:48,332
STILL KEEP THE BACK END COOL

1149
00:37:48,332 --> 00:37:50,534
BECAUSE WITHOUT THAT HEAT SHIELD

1150
00:37:50,534 --> 00:37:52,436
WE NEVER WOULD BE ABLE TO GET AS

1151
00:37:52,436 --> 00:37:53,938
CLOSE AS WE'RE GETTING.

1152
00:37:53,938 --> 00:37:54,438
>> FANTASTIC.

1153
00:37:54,438 --> 00:37:55,640
THANKS SO MUCH.

1154
00:37:55,640 --> 00:37:57,842
WE WILL CONTINUE TO TAKE ASK

1155
00:37:57,842 --> 00:37:59,744
NASA QUESTIONS A FEW MORE FROM

1156
00:37:59,744 --> 00:38:01,245
THIS SIDE LATER AND NOW PASSING

1157
00:38:01,245 --> 00:38:04,548
IT BACK TO GRAY IN THE STUDIO.

1158
00:38:04,548 --> 00:38:04,949
>> ALL RIGHT.

1159
00:38:04,949 --> 00:38:06,851
THANKS, KAREN.

1160
00:38:06,851 --> 00:38:08,352
>> THAT IS NOT THE LAST WE TALK

1161
00:38:08,352 --> 00:38:09,453
TO YOU TODAY EITHER.

1162
00:38:09,453 --> 00:38:10,254
THANKS SO MUCH.

1163
00:38:10,254 --> 00:38:16,294
NOW, NICKY AND NOUR, IT IS

1164
00:38:16,294 --> 00:38:17,795
SPECIAL AND NAMED FOR LIVING

1165
00:38:17,795 --> 00:38:20,298
PERSON AND THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN,

1166
00:38:20,298 --> 00:38:20,798
RIGHT?

1167
00:38:20,798 --> 00:38:23,801
>> YES, IT IS HISTORIC FOR US.

1168
00:38:23,801 --> 00:38:25,903
IT IS NAME FODDED FOR EUGENE

1169
00:38:25,903 --> 00:38:26,871
PARKER.

1170
00:38:26,871 --> 00:38:28,773
AS YOU NOTED, THIS IS NOT JUST

1171
00:38:28,773 --> 00:38:29,473
ONLY A.

1172
00:38:29,473 --> 00:38:30,875
IT IS ACTUALLY THE FIRST TIME

1173
00:38:30,875 --> 00:38:32,677
THAT NASA HAS EVER NAMED A

1174
00:38:32,677 --> 00:38:34,779
MISSION DURING THEIR OWN

1175
00:38:34,779 --> 00:38:35,279
LIFETIME.

1176
00:38:35,279 --> 00:38:36,681
WHEN YOU CONSIDER THAT YOU

1177
00:38:36,681 --> 00:38:38,883
ACTUALLY HAVE A HIGHER PROB K OF

1178
00:38:38,883 --> 00:38:41,085
WINNING A NOBEL PRIZE, THAN YOU

1179
00:38:41,085 --> 00:38:43,087
DO OF HAVING A NASA MISSION

1180
00:38:43,087 --> 00:38:44,789
NAMED AFTER YOU, JUST IMAGINE,

1181
00:38:44,789 --> 00:38:47,591
HOW THAT WOULD FEEL AND OF

1182
00:38:47,591 --> 00:38:50,394
COURSE HE JOINED WITH US THE

1183
00:38:50,394 --> 00:38:51,896
FAMILY AT THE LAUNCH SITE IN A

1184
00:38:51,896 --> 00:38:53,497
WAS ABLE TO SPEND A LOT OF TIME

1185
00:38:53,497 --> 00:38:56,300
WITH HIM AND JUST REALLY HEARING

1186
00:38:56,300 --> 00:38:57,902
HOW MUCH IT MEANT TO HIP.

1187
00:38:57,902 --> 00:38:59,403
HE ALSO CAME AND SAW THE

1188
00:38:59,403 --> 00:39:02,406
SPACECRAFT AT THE APPLIED FIXES

1189
00:39:02,406 --> 00:39:04,709
LAB BEFORE LAUNCH, OBVIOUSLY,

1190
00:39:04,709 --> 00:39:08,412
AND HE MARVELED AT JUST THIS

1191
00:39:08,412 --> 00:39:11,115
SHEER ENGINEERING NEAT WAS IN

1192
00:39:11,115 --> 00:39:13,117
FRONT OF HIMMEL WAS VERY HUMBLE

1193
00:39:13,117 --> 00:39:16,854
AND GAVE AN AWFUL LOT OF CREDIT

1194
00:39:16,854 --> 00:39:18,656
ENGINEERS AND THE SCIENTISTS WHO

1195
00:39:18,656 --> 00:39:19,957
SPEND A LOT OF TIME PREPARING

1196
00:39:19,957 --> 00:39:22,059
THIS WONDERFUL NAN IS GOING TO

1197
00:39:22,059 --> 00:39:23,961
GO AND DO THE SCIENCE.

1198
00:39:23,961 --> 00:39:26,564
HE REALLY INSPIRED A GENERATION.

1199
00:39:26,564 --> 00:39:29,633
HE CREATED, IF YOU LIKE, THE

1200
00:39:29,633 --> 00:39:31,635
COME. IT HE INSPIRED THE

1201
00:39:31,635 --> 00:39:32,837
SCIENCE THAT WE DO.

1202
00:39:32,837 --> 00:39:34,839
BUT I BET YOU WANT TO KNOW WHY

1203
00:39:34,839 --> 00:39:36,741
HE PICKED PARKER.

1204
00:39:36,741 --> 00:39:38,943
I AM SURE NOUR WOULD LIKE TO

1205
00:39:38,943 --> 00:39:39,744
TELL US.

1206
00:39:39,744 --> 00:39:40,144
>> YES.

1207
00:39:40,144 --> 00:39:40,845
THANKS.

1208
00:39:40,845 --> 00:39:43,347
>> BACK IN 1968, A YOUNG GENE

1209
00:39:43,347 --> 00:39:46,851
PARKER WROTE THE PAPER.

1210
00:39:46,851 --> 00:39:51,355
NEW RESEARCH.

1211
00:39:51,355 --> 00:39:53,557
HE GOT THE REVIEW BACK AND THE

1212
00:39:53,557 --> 00:39:58,262
VIEWER SAID TO GO TO THE LIBRARY

1213
00:39:58,262 --> 00:40:00,464
TO LEARN MORE.

1214
00:40:00,464 --> 00:40:01,766
>> HE SAID THAT WAS THE GOOD

1215
00:40:01,766 --> 00:40:02,566
REVIEW.

1216
00:40:02,566 --> 00:40:07,271
>> OBVIOUSLY, BUT THE EDITOR WAS

1217
00:40:07,271 --> 00:40:09,874
NO WINS ABOUT THIS YOU NO BELL

1218
00:40:09,874 --> 00:40:11,175
LAUREATE.

1219
00:40:11,175 --> 00:40:12,676
HE SAW THE VALUE OF THIS

1220
00:40:12,676 --> 00:40:13,978
RESEARCH.

1221
00:40:13,978 --> 00:40:15,980
HE FORGOT THE PAP FORA LITTLE

1222
00:40:15,980 --> 00:40:18,082
WHILE AND DECIDED TO PUBLISH IT.

1223
00:40:18,082 --> 00:40:21,986
THAT IS THE FIRST OF ALL

1224
00:40:21,986 --> 00:40:25,189
THEORIES.

1225
00:40:25,189 --> 00:40:27,291
IRONICALLY, FOUR YEARS LATER,

1226
00:40:27,291 --> 00:40:30,694
THERE WAS MARINA MISSION AND

1227
00:40:30,694 --> 00:40:34,999
SCIENTISTS PREFERRED EXISTENCE

1228
00:40:34,999 --> 00:40:36,801
OF THE WIND BUT L NOT ONLY

1229
00:40:36,801 --> 00:40:38,702
CONFIRMED IT BUT IT IS WAY WAY

1230
00:40:38,702 --> 00:40:41,505
MORE COMPLEX THAN WE THOUGHT.

1231
00:40:41,505 --> 00:40:43,607
SINCE THEN WE ARE STRUGGLING THE

1232
00:40:43,607 --> 00:40:44,909
MYSTERY OF THE SOLAR WIND AND

1233
00:40:44,909 --> 00:40:47,711
THE SOL EAR PROBE.

1234
00:40:47,711 --> 00:40:49,613
>> WOW.

1235
00:40:49,613 --> 00:40:50,514
>> GREATNESS THEN.

1236
00:40:50,514 --> 00:40:51,215
>> ABSOLUTELY.

1237
00:40:51,215 --> 00:40:51,816
ALL RIGHT.

1238
00:40:51,816 --> 00:40:53,918
NICKY, I KNOW YOU HAD CHANCE TO

1239
00:40:53,918 --> 00:40:55,119
MEET WITH DR.PARK EAR LITTLE

1240
00:40:55,119 --> 00:40:56,420
WHILE AGO AND SHARE SOME OF THE

1241
00:40:56,420 --> 00:40:58,322
INITIAL RESULTS FROM PARKER.

1242
00:40:58,322 --> 00:40:59,824
THAT WAS REALLY EXCITING.

1243
00:40:59,824 --> 00:41:00,424
>> IT WAS.

1244
00:41:00,424 --> 00:41:02,126
I WAS VERY LUCKY.

1245
00:41:02,126 --> 00:41:05,129
I WENT TO SEE HIM FOR PARKER

1246
00:41:05,129 --> 00:41:07,531
SOLAR PROB'S FIRST BIRTHDAY ON

1247
00:41:07,531 --> 00:41:08,232
ORBIT.

1248
00:41:08,232 --> 00:41:11,235
I WENT TO SEE HIM.

1249
00:41:11,235 --> 00:41:13,137
WE SAID A LOT OF MEMORY ABOUT

1250
00:41:13,137 --> 00:41:14,839
THE EXPERIENCES FROM THE LUNCH

1251
00:41:14,839 --> 00:41:17,374
AND ALSO SEEING THE MIGHTY DELTA

1252
00:41:17,374 --> 00:41:20,578
HEAVY ROCKET AND NOT ONLY SEEING

1253
00:41:20,578 --> 00:41:22,980
THAT ROCKET BUT SEEING THE

1254
00:41:22,980 --> 00:41:27,451
PARKER SOLAR PROBE LOGO AT THE

1255
00:41:27,451 --> 00:41:30,054
TOP WITH THE EXPERIENCE AND SO

1256
00:41:30,054 --> 00:41:32,857
YES I GOT TO SEE SNEAK PEAK AT

1257
00:41:32,857 --> 00:41:35,259
THE DATA AND YOU WILL SEE, YOU

1258
00:41:35,259 --> 00:41:38,262
KNOW, HE GOT EXCITED ABOUT IT

1259
00:41:38,262 --> 00:41:40,164
AND EMOTIONAL.

1260
00:41:40,164 --> 00:41:41,265
HE STAYED END GIGGED AND

1261
00:41:41,265 --> 00:41:42,967
INTERACTING WITH THE

1262
00:41:42,967 --> 00:41:45,369
INVESTIGATORS AND REALLY, THINK,

1263
00:41:45,369 --> 00:41:46,871
VERYING IN THE WONDERFUL DATA

1264
00:41:46,871 --> 00:41:47,972
THAT WE HAVE COMING BACK.

1265
00:41:47,972 --> 00:41:48,572
1:00.

1266
00:41:48,572 --> 00:41:49,373
>> THAT IS GREAT.

1267
00:41:49,373 --> 00:41:49,874
THAT IS GREAT.

1268
00:41:49,874 --> 00:41:51,775
WELL, LET'S TAKE LACK AT THE

1269
00:41:51,775 --> 00:41:53,978
VIDEO OF NIKKI'S MEETING WITH

1270
00:41:53,978 --> 00:41:55,479
DR.EUGENE PARKER ♪

1271
00:41:55,479 --> 00:41:55,880
♪ 

1272
00:41:55,880 --> 00:41:56,280
♪ 

1273
00:41:56,280 --> 00:41:56,680
♪ 

1274
00:41:56,680 --> 00:42:05,089
♪

1275
00:42:05,089 --> 00:42:07,892
>> WOW, ALL I CAN SAY IS WOW.

1276
00:42:07,892 --> 00:42:10,294
I AM NOT SURPRISED IT IS STRANGE

1277
00:42:10,294 --> 00:42:11,996
BECAUSE IT USUALLY IS WHEN YOU

1278
00:42:11,996 --> 00:42:14,999
GO THERE AND MAKE MEASUREMENTS.

1279
00:42:14,999 --> 00:42:17,434
WELL, I AM EXCITED AS I EXPECTED

1280
00:42:17,434 --> 00:42:20,938
I WOULD BE.

1281
00:42:20,938 --> 00:42:23,040
INTERPLANETARY SPACE IS FULL OF

1282
00:42:23,040 --> 00:42:24,742
ACTIVITY WE WERE REALLY NOT

1283
00:42:24,742 --> 00:42:25,442
AWARE OF.

1284
00:42:25,442 --> 00:42:27,411
THEN, ALSO, VERY QUICK.

1285
00:42:27,411 --> 00:42:30,614
WE TOOK IMAGES THAT ARE 12 HOURS

1286
00:42:30,614 --> 00:42:32,216
APART.

1287
00:42:32,216 --> 00:42:33,717
THEY ARE NOT THERE IN THE NEXT

1288
00:42:33,717 --> 00:42:34,518
IMAGE.

1289
00:42:34,518 --> 00:42:36,420
THEY ARE VERY CLEAR.

1290
00:42:36,420 --> 00:42:40,324
THEN THEY ARE GONE.

1291
00:42:40,324 --> 00:42:43,127
>> YOU KNOW ALL IS RUNNING TO

1292
00:42:43,127 --> 00:42:47,831
HEIST TERROUS THINGS.

1293
00:42:47,831 --> 00:42:49,133
>> I WOULDN'T EXPECT ANYTHING

1294
00:42:49,133 --> 00:42:50,634
LIKE THAT.

1295
00:42:50,634 --> 00:42:52,336
>> SO THAT IS THE PUT TY OF THE

1296
00:42:52,336 --> 00:42:54,138
PARKER SOLAR PROBE MISSION.

1297
00:42:54,138 --> 00:42:55,639
WE'RE GOING SO CLOSE AND SEEING

1298
00:42:55,639 --> 00:42:57,041
ALL OF THIS STUFF FOR THE FIRST

1299
00:42:57,041 --> 00:42:58,142
TIME.

1300
00:42:58,142 --> 00:43:00,644
>> AS USUAL.

1301
00:43:00,644 --> 00:43:03,847
WHEN YOU HAVE A MISSION INTO

1302
00:43:03,847 --> 00:43:05,349
UNKNOWN PLACE YOU FIND

1303
00:43:05,349 --> 00:43:07,952
REMARKABLE THINGS THAT YOU DID

1304
00:43:07,952 --> 00:43:10,054
NOT ANTICIPATE.

1305
00:43:10,054 --> 00:43:11,755
I WAS VERY MOVED BY THE FACT

1306
00:43:11,755 --> 00:43:13,257
THAT SPACECRAFT IS GOING OFF

1307
00:43:13,257 --> 00:43:16,293
INTO THE NIGHT SKY AND NEVER

1308
00:43:16,293 --> 00:43:17,094
COME BACK.

1309
00:43:17,094 --> 00:43:26,303
>> RIGHT.

1310
00:43:26,303 --> 00:43:29,373
>> I HAD SEPARATION ANXIETY.

1311
00:43:29,373 --> 00:43:30,975
I STATED WAS LIKE WATCHING A

1312
00:43:30,975 --> 00:43:32,676
MEMBER OF THE TEAM BECAUSE AFTER

1313
00:43:32,676 --> 00:43:34,178
WORKING WITH THAT SPACECRAFT FOR

1314
00:43:34,178 --> 00:43:36,680
SO LONG, SHE BECAME A PERSON AND

1315
00:43:36,680 --> 00:43:38,983
BECAME PART OF THE TEAM.

1316
00:43:38,983 --> 00:43:40,784
AND TO SAY GOOD-BYE TO HER WAS

1317
00:43:40,784 --> 00:43:44,388
REALLY, REALLY TOUGH.

1318
00:43:44,388 --> 00:43:46,090
>> AND ALWAYS A LITTLE XINE TY

1319
00:43:46,090 --> 00:43:47,191
ABOUT A LITTLE SOMETHING GOING

1320
00:43:47,191 --> 00:43:50,194
ON AND THE ANSWER IS NO.

1321
00:43:50,194 --> 00:43:54,298
THIS BABY WAS BUILT TO PERFORM.

1322
00:43:54,298 --> 00:43:56,900
IT HAS DONE ITS JOB FLAWLESSLY.

1323
00:43:56,900 --> 00:44:00,904
>> CERTAINLY HAS.

1324
00:44:00,904 --> 00:44:02,206
>> A GREAT VIDEO.

1325
00:44:02,206 --> 00:44:03,907
I LOVE HOW ENGAGED HE STILL

1326
00:44:03,907 --> 00:44:05,209
WHICH IS THE SCIENCE.

1327
00:44:05,209 --> 00:44:07,111
THAT IS GREAT FOR YOU AS

1328
00:44:07,111 --> 00:44:08,212
SCIENTISTS WORKING IN THE FIELD

1329
00:44:08,212 --> 00:44:09,913
TODAY TO BE BUILDING ON THAT

1330
00:44:09,913 --> 00:44:12,116
LEGACY AND SHARE IT WITH HIM.

1331
00:44:12,116 --> 00:44:12,316
IT IS.

1332
00:44:12,316 --> 00:44:14,918
THE WHOLE DIVISION IS REALLY

1333
00:44:14,918 --> 00:44:17,855
JUST FORMED AROUND STUDYING THE

1334
00:44:17,855 --> 00:44:19,356
LAST STAR AND THE EFFECT ON THE

1335
00:44:19,356 --> 00:44:20,457
SOLAR SYSTEM.

1336
00:44:20,457 --> 00:44:22,760
AND SO EVERYTHING THAT HE DID,

1337
00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:25,963
YOU KNOW, HE SAID I JUST SOLVED

1338
00:44:25,963 --> 00:44:27,331
FOUR EQUATIONS.

1339
00:44:27,331 --> 00:44:29,233
ED HE MADE IT SOUP LIABILITY WAS

1340
00:44:29,233 --> 00:44:30,134
NOTHING.

1341
00:44:30,134 --> 00:44:32,236
AND HE BASICALLY GAVE BIRTH TO

1342
00:44:32,236 --> 00:44:35,039
ENTIRE FIXES DISCIPLINE.

1343
00:44:35,039 --> 00:44:37,041
ALTHOUGH I SAY THE OLDEST

1344
00:44:37,041 --> 00:44:38,942
DISCIPLINE BECAUSE EVERYBODY

1345
00:44:38,942 --> 00:44:40,844
STUDIED THE SUN SUNS THE DAWN OF

1346
00:44:40,844 --> 00:44:41,145
TIME.

1347
00:44:41,145 --> 00:44:43,447
BUT REALLY UNDERSTANDING THE SUN

1348
00:44:43,447 --> 00:44:45,849
HAD PROFOUND FEK ON ETHER IS

1349
00:44:45,849 --> 00:44:47,951
REALLY EUGENE PARK HE AND LOVE

1350
00:44:47,951 --> 00:44:49,953
THE WAY HE GETS TEARY EYED

1351
00:44:49,953 --> 00:44:51,455
SAYING GOOD BYE TO THE

1352
00:44:51,455 --> 00:44:52,056
SPACECRAFT.

1353
00:44:52,056 --> 00:44:55,259
WE ALL FELT LIKE THAT.

1354
00:44:55,259 --> 00:44:56,260
>> IF YOU LOOK AT THE

1355
00:44:56,260 --> 00:44:58,562
CONTRIBUTIONS THROUGH THE YEARS,

1356
00:44:58,562 --> 00:44:59,463
IT IS BIG.

1357
00:44:59,463 --> 00:45:02,266
>> YEP.

1358
00:45:02,266 --> 00:45:03,767
>> HE GETS NAMED AFTER ONE OF

1359
00:45:03,767 --> 00:45:06,570
THE MISSIONS OF NASA.

1360
00:45:06,570 --> 00:45:08,072
>> GREAT.

1361
00:45:08,072 --> 00:45:09,973
OUR AUDIENCE IS EXCITED, TOO.

1362
00:45:09,973 --> 00:45:11,875
A LOT OF QUESTIONS FLOWING IN.

1363
00:45:11,875 --> 00:45:15,179
#ASKNASA AND GET TO AS MANY AS

1364
00:45:15,179 --> 00:45:17,614
WE CAN.

1365
00:45:17,614 --> 00:45:20,918
MATT SAYS YOU HAVE MADE THE

1366
00:45:20,918 --> 00:45:22,619
SWITCHBACKS WITH DETECTORS WHAT

1367
00:45:22,619 --> 00:45:25,422
ABOUT DIFFERENTS WERE THE SUN?

1368
00:45:25,422 --> 00:45:28,692
>> SO WE DID HAVE TO USE,

1369
00:45:28,692 --> 00:45:29,993
OBVIOUSLY, THAT IS THE REASON WE

1370
00:45:29,993 --> 00:45:31,795
CARRY ALL THE DIFFERENT

1371
00:45:31,795 --> 00:45:33,297
DETECTORS WE WANT TO PUT THEM

1372
00:45:33,297 --> 00:45:34,998
TOGETHER TO FORM A FULL STORY

1373
00:45:34,998 --> 00:45:36,300
AND A FULL PICTURE AROUND THE

1374
00:45:36,300 --> 00:45:37,601
SCIENCE THAT WE'RE SEEING.

1375
00:45:37,601 --> 00:45:40,504
SO I NOTED WHEN I DREW MY SET ON

1376
00:45:40,504 --> 00:45:41,205
THE BOARD.

1377
00:45:41,205 --> 00:45:43,307
THE FIRST SET, THE FIRST DATA

1378
00:45:43,307 --> 00:45:45,509
SET BASS THE MAGNETIC FIELD DATA

1379
00:45:45,509 --> 00:45:47,611
AND WE STARTED ADDING FROM THE

1380
00:45:47,611 --> 00:45:49,413
SUITE WHICH IS HARD TO SAY.

1381
00:45:49,413 --> 00:45:51,115
THAT WAS HOW WE REALIZED WE WERE

1382
00:45:51,115 --> 00:45:53,217
NOT JUST HOPPING UP AND DOWN

1383
00:45:53,217 --> 00:45:54,718
BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF

1384
00:45:54,718 --> 00:45:57,321
THE MAGNETIC FIELD EITHER BEFORE

1385
00:45:57,321 --> 00:45:59,022
OR BELOW THE NEUTRAL ZONE BUT

1386
00:45:59,022 --> 00:46:01,625
THE ACTUAL PROBLEM WAS FLOWING

1387
00:46:01,625 --> 00:46:02,726
IN THE SAME DIRECTION SO THE

1388
00:46:02,726 --> 00:46:05,229
ONLY WAY WAS TO FOR THE MAGNETIC

1389
00:46:05,229 --> 00:46:06,530
FIELD TO CONTINUALLY SWITCH

1390
00:46:06,530 --> 00:46:07,030
BACK.

1391
00:46:07,030 --> 00:46:09,133
YES WE PUT THE DATA SETS

1392
00:46:09,133 --> 00:46:09,533
TOGETHER.

1393
00:46:09,533 --> 00:46:11,735
WE-SURED THEM AS WE WENT IN ON

1394
00:46:11,735 --> 00:46:14,738
THIS ORBIT AND SO SAW THEM AT

1395
00:46:14,738 --> 00:46:17,274
THIS DISTANCE AS WE DO OUR

1396
00:46:17,274 --> 00:46:19,777
SUBSEQUENT VENUS FLYBYS AND WE

1397
00:46:19,777 --> 00:46:21,078
GET THAT LITTLE BIT CLOSER AND

1398
00:46:21,078 --> 00:46:22,780
CLOSER EACH TIME AND THAT IS WHY

1399
00:46:22,780 --> 00:46:24,081
WE'RE PREDICTING WE WILL

1400
00:46:24,081 --> 00:46:26,083
ACTUALLY SEE THE SWITCHBACKS GET

1401
00:46:26,083 --> 00:46:28,852
LARGER IN APPLI TUDE AND

1402
00:46:28,852 --> 00:46:31,955
PROBABLY IN ENERGY AS WELL.

1403
00:46:31,955 --> 00:46:32,956
>> TAKE THIS AS WELL.

1404
00:46:32,956 --> 00:46:34,758
>> YES.

1405
00:46:34,758 --> 00:46:36,260
>> DARREN ON FACEBOOK WANTS TO

1406
00:46:36,260 --> 00:46:38,962
KNOW.

1407
00:46:38,962 --> 00:46:40,063
ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT WHAT IN

1408
00:46:40,063 --> 00:46:41,565
RUMENTS WE WANT ON THE NEXT

1409
00:46:41,565 --> 00:46:42,666
SOLAR PROBE?

1410
00:46:42,666 --> 00:46:47,171
IF.

1411
00:46:47,171 --> 00:46:52,276
>> MAYBE.

1412
00:46:52,276 --> 00:46:53,677
>> WE'LL GET RIGHT ON THAT.

1413
00:46:53,677 --> 00:46:55,679
BUT ACTUALLY, I MEAN, JOKING

1414
00:46:55,679 --> 00:46:56,680
ASIDE, THAT QUESTION IS ACTUALLY

1415
00:46:56,680 --> 00:46:59,683
A VERY GOOD QUESTION AND IT DOES

1416
00:46:59,683 --> 00:47:01,685
SHOW HOW NASA USES THE

1417
00:47:01,685 --> 00:47:03,187
INFORMATION WE GET FROM OUR

1418
00:47:03,187 --> 00:47:05,088
CURRENT MISSIONS TO REALLY BUILD

1419
00:47:05,088 --> 00:47:06,790
AND MOVE FORWARD TO THE NEXT

1420
00:47:06,790 --> 00:47:08,892
GENERATION OF INSTRUMENTS SO YOU

1421
00:47:08,892 --> 00:47:10,594
KNOW, PACKER SOLAR PROBE IS

1422
00:47:10,594 --> 00:47:12,396
GOING TO BE PROKED BY PROVIDING

1423
00:47:12,396 --> 00:47:13,897
THE PROFOUND THIS MEASUREMENTS

1424
00:47:13,897 --> 00:47:16,633
TO HELP US PREDICT OUR SPACE

1425
00:47:16,633 --> 00:47:18,936
WEATHER AND MAKE CONFIRMATION

1426
00:47:18,936 --> 00:47:20,938
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE ABILITY TO

1427
00:47:20,938 --> 00:47:22,239
PREDUCT THE SPACE WEATHER SO

1428
00:47:22,239 --> 00:47:23,440
THAT MEANS THE MONITORING

1429
00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:24,541
PROGRAM AND THE INFORMATION THAT

1430
00:47:24,541 --> 00:47:26,043
WE'RE GOING TO BE DOING AS WE

1431
00:47:26,043 --> 00:47:28,011
MOVE FORWARD IS VERY, VERY MUCH

1432
00:47:28,011 --> 00:47:30,013
IN FORKED BY PARKER SOLAR PROBE

1433
00:47:30,013 --> 00:47:31,715
SO WHETHER YOU KNOW, OUR

1434
00:47:31,715 --> 00:47:33,417
COMMUNITY DECIDES THAT PARKER

1435
00:47:33,417 --> 00:47:35,118
SOLAR PROBE IS THE THING WE

1436
00:47:35,118 --> 00:47:43,527
SHOULD GO AFTER AND BE BUILDING.

1437
00:47:43,527 --> 00:47:49,333
AND BY PARKER SOLAR PROBE.

1438
00:47:49,333 --> 00:48:03,747
I MEAN, THE IDEA IS 1958.

1439
00:48:03,747 --> 00:48:06,750
AND HAVING SPACECRAFT THREE

1440
00:48:06,750 --> 00:48:08,452
TIMES BE A EVERY TIME IT COMES

1441
00:48:08,452 --> 00:48:11,255
OUT IN SPACE IS STILL INSPIRED.

1442
00:48:11,255 --> 00:48:13,657
INSPIRING TO US AS A TEAM BUT IT

1443
00:48:13,657 --> 00:48:14,958
IS ALSO IN SPIRING TO OTHER

1444
00:48:14,958 --> 00:48:16,593
COMMUNITIES AS WELL AND IF YOU

1445
00:48:16,593 --> 00:48:16,994
LOOK.

1446
00:48:16,994 --> 00:48:18,996
IF YOU LOOK AT THE COMMUNITY,

1447
00:48:18,996 --> 00:48:20,497
THERE ARE CERTAIN IDEAS THAT A

1448
00:48:20,497 --> 00:48:23,300
FEW YEARS AGO WE THOUGHT WAS

1449
00:48:23,300 --> 00:48:26,703
IMPOSSIBLE.

1450
00:48:26,703 --> 00:48:28,472
THINKING ABOUT MISSIONS THAT ARE

1451
00:48:28,472 --> 00:48:33,877
STILL THERE.

1452
00:48:33,877 --> 00:48:36,179
>> I ASUIT.

1453
00:48:36,179 --> 00:48:37,681
>> IT IS INSPIRING.

1454
00:48:37,681 --> 00:48:39,683
>> WELL, THERE ARE A LOT MORE

1455
00:48:39,683 --> 00:48:41,385
ASK NASA QUESTIONS AND WE'LL

1456
00:48:41,385 --> 00:48:43,787
THROW THEM BACK TO THE APPLIED

1457
00:48:43,787 --> 00:48:45,489
FIS UKES LAB WHERE KAREN AND HER

1458
00:48:45,489 --> 00:48:46,790
CREW IS GOING TO ANSWER THEM.

1459
00:48:46,790 --> 00:48:50,594
KAREN, OVER TO TO YOU.

1460
00:48:50,594 --> 00:48:51,094
>> ALL RIGHT.

1461
00:48:51,094 --> 00:48:52,396
HELLO AGAIN.

1462
00:48:52,396 --> 00:48:55,599
WE HAVE A QUESTION ON TWITTER.

1463
00:48:55,599 --> 00:48:57,501
CAN WE SEND THE SPACECRAFT RUING

1464
00:48:57,501 --> 00:48:59,202
THE PITCHBACKS?

1465
00:48:59,202 --> 00:49:02,406
CAN WE ACTUALLY SEE THEM?

1466
00:49:02,406 --> 00:49:03,106
>> YEAH.

1467
00:49:03,106 --> 00:49:05,409
>> THAT IS YOU.

1468
00:49:05,409 --> 00:49:07,010
>> PARKER COL STARR PROBE IS FLY

1469
00:49:07,010 --> 00:49:08,412
THROUGH THE SWITCHBACKS EVERY

1470
00:49:08,412 --> 00:49:09,713
TIME IS CLOSE TO THE SUN.

1471
00:49:09,713 --> 00:49:11,315
THE CLOSE HET GITES TO THE SUN

1472
00:49:11,315 --> 00:49:13,817
THE VONG THE SWITCHBACKS GET.

1473
00:49:13,817 --> 00:49:14,718
WE CAN'T SEE THEM IN THE

1474
00:49:14,718 --> 00:49:16,553
PICTURES THAT WE GET BRACK TRE

1475
00:49:16,553 --> 00:49:18,255
SPACECRAFT BUT TWO OF THE

1476
00:49:18,255 --> 00:49:21,959
INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE ON PARK SAL

1477
00:49:21,959 --> 00:49:24,261
ARE SOLAR PROBES MEASURE THE

1478
00:49:24,261 --> 00:49:26,063
MAGNETIC FEEL AND THEN THE

1479
00:49:26,063 --> 00:49:27,631
ACTUAL PARTICLES AROUND THE

1480
00:49:27,631 --> 00:49:29,733
SPACECRAFT ACTUALLY DETECTING

1481
00:49:29,733 --> 00:49:31,234
THE SWITCHBACK BE A IN A WAY WE

1482
00:49:31,234 --> 00:49:32,536
CAN SEE THEM.

1483
00:49:32,536 --> 00:49:33,837
>> FANTASTIC.

1484
00:49:33,837 --> 00:49:34,538
>> THANK YOU.

1485
00:49:34,538 --> 00:49:36,740
>> NEXT UP IS FROM BRANDON ON

1486
00:49:36,740 --> 00:49:37,341
TWITTER.

1487
00:49:37,341 --> 00:49:40,143
THE SOLAR WIND CAN DAMAGE POWER

1488
00:49:40,143 --> 00:49:41,445
GRISED ON ETHER AND SATELLITES

1489
00:49:41,445 --> 00:49:42,746
IN THE ORBIT.

1490
00:49:42,746 --> 00:49:43,947
DOES THE PROBE NEED TO BE

1491
00:49:43,947 --> 00:49:45,749
PROTECTED AANCE THE SOLAR WIND

1492
00:49:45,749 --> 00:49:47,250
WHEN IT IS NEAR THE SUN?

1493
00:49:47,250 --> 00:49:48,952
>> THE WAY THE SOLAR WIND

1494
00:49:48,952 --> 00:49:51,955
DAMAGES THE POWER GRID HER ON

1495
00:49:51,955 --> 00:49:53,857
EARTH IS ACTUALLY IT US THE

1496
00:49:53,857 --> 00:49:55,158
MAGNETIC FIELD THAT COMES WITH

1497
00:49:55,158 --> 00:49:57,060
THE SOLAR WIND THAT MOVES THE

1498
00:49:57,060 --> 00:49:59,863
MAGNETIC FIELD AND THIS CAUSES

1499
00:49:59,863 --> 00:50:02,466
CURRENT TO BE GENERATED IN THIS

1500
00:50:02,466 --> 00:50:03,767
HE LONG POWER LINES WE USE FOR

1501
00:50:03,767 --> 00:50:05,869
THE POWER GRID AND THAT AFFECTS

1502
00:50:05,869 --> 00:50:06,970
THE SATELLITES.

1503
00:50:06,970 --> 00:50:07,671
THE THINGS THAT ARE MORE

1504
00:50:07,671 --> 00:50:10,374
DAMAGING TO SAT SATELLITES ARE

1505
00:50:10,374 --> 00:50:11,975
THE RADIATION, THE HIGH EN

1506
00:50:11,975 --> 00:50:13,877
MURPHY PARTICLES.

1507
00:50:13,877 --> 00:50:16,279
YES PARKER SOLERA PROBE DOES

1508
00:50:16,279 --> 00:50:18,181
NEED AND ESPECIALLY BLIT TO BE

1509
00:50:18,181 --> 00:50:19,483
ABLE TO TAKE HIGHER RADIATION

1510
00:50:19,483 --> 00:50:23,186
THAN MANY OTHER SPACECRAFT.

1511
00:50:23,186 --> 00:50:23,587
>> ALL RIGHT.

1512
00:50:23,587 --> 00:50:25,589
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1513
00:50:25,589 --> 00:50:28,091
>> NEXT UP FROM TWITTER.

1514
00:50:28,091 --> 00:50:30,093
WHAT DO THE NEW FINDINGS HELP

1515
00:50:30,093 --> 00:50:33,096
UNITED STATESSER BANNS THE SUN?

1516
00:50:33,096 --> 00:50:34,598
>> THEY HELP US UNDERSTAND THE

1517
00:50:34,598 --> 00:50:36,500
SOLAR WIND AS IT IS FORMING NAR

1518
00:50:36,500 --> 00:50:37,200
THE SUN.

1519
00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:38,402
THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THE

1520
00:50:38,402 --> 00:50:40,103
SOLAR WIND IMPACTS EARTH.

1521
00:50:40,103 --> 00:50:42,105
BUT A LOT OF THE THINGS WE SEE

1522
00:50:42,105 --> 00:50:43,407
IN THIS HE SOLAR WIND WHEN THEY

1523
00:50:43,407 --> 00:50:44,708
GET TO EARTH THEY ARE DIFFERENT

1524
00:50:44,708 --> 00:50:46,009
WHEN THEY ARE CLOSE TO THE SUN

1525
00:50:46,009 --> 00:50:47,911
AND SO BY UNDERSTANDING HOW THE

1526
00:50:47,911 --> 00:50:49,413
SOLAR WIND IS ACTUALLY FORMED

1527
00:50:49,413 --> 00:50:51,314
AND WHY THE CORONA IS SO HOT,

1528
00:50:51,314 --> 00:50:52,816
WE'RE HOPING TO BE ABLE TO BET

1529
00:50:52,816 --> 00:50:54,518
AREA INNER STAND THE ENVIRONMENT

1530
00:50:54,518 --> 00:50:55,819
AROUND THE EARTH ITSELF.

1531
00:50:55,819 --> 00:50:56,319
>> GREAT.

1532
00:50:56,319 --> 00:50:58,221
>> NEXT UP IS ONE WE DENLY GET A

1533
00:50:58,221 --> 00:50:59,022
LOT.

1534
00:50:59,022 --> 00:51:01,625
WHICH IS FROM TWITTER.

1535
00:51:01,625 --> 00:51:04,027
THIS DOES PARKER SOLAR PROBE

1536
00:51:04,027 --> 00:51:05,929
TAKE PICTURES OF THE SUN IN.

1537
00:51:05,929 --> 00:51:08,331
>> PARKER SOLAR PROBE HAS TWO

1538
00:51:08,331 --> 00:51:10,534
CAMERA BUS CANNOT TAKE PICTURES

1539
00:51:10,534 --> 00:51:11,435
OF THE SUN ITSELF.

1540
00:51:11,435 --> 00:51:12,836
WE'RE GETTING SO CLOSE THAT THE

1541
00:51:12,836 --> 00:51:14,438
SUN WOULD BURN OUT AND ANY

1542
00:51:14,438 --> 00:51:15,939
CAMERA WE COULD MAKE.

1543
00:51:15,939 --> 00:51:18,575
BUT WE ARE TAKING PICTURESES THE

1544
00:51:18,575 --> 00:51:20,577
ROAR PLANE THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE

1545
00:51:20,577 --> 00:51:22,079
SUN TOUGH THE SIDE AND THIS

1546
00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,381
SHOWS US THE STREAMERS THAT WE

1547
00:51:24,381 --> 00:51:25,882
SEE COMING OFF THE SUN AND THE

1548
00:51:25,882 --> 00:51:27,551
SOLAR WIND WE SEE COMING OFF THE

1549
00:51:27,551 --> 00:51:30,454
SUN AND SO, WE CAN SEE A LOT OF

1550
00:51:30,454 --> 00:51:31,855
STRUCK TURES WE ARE GOING TO FLY

1551
00:51:31,855 --> 00:51:33,557
THROUGH BECAUSE THE CAMPS ARE ON

1552
00:51:33,557 --> 00:51:34,858
THE FRONT END OF THE SPACECRAFT

1553
00:51:34,858 --> 00:51:37,060
AND EXTREMELY USEFUL AND

1554
00:51:37,060 --> 00:51:38,762
SCIENTIFICALLY INTERESTING BUT

1555
00:51:38,762 --> 00:51:40,664
TAKING A PICTURE OF THE SUN AS

1556
00:51:40,664 --> 00:51:43,266
CLOSE APPROACH WE CAN'T DO.

1557
00:51:43,266 --> 00:51:46,069
>> ALL RIGHT.

1558
00:51:46,069 --> 00:51:47,971
FACEBOOK ASKS HOW LONG US THE

1559
00:51:47,971 --> 00:51:49,272
MISSION ALL TOGETHER WITH

1560
00:51:49,272 --> 00:51:50,574
PLANNING, TRAVEL TIME AND

1561
00:51:50,574 --> 00:51:52,275
OBSERVATION?

1562
00:51:52,275 --> 00:51:54,177
>> SO PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS A

1563
00:51:54,177 --> 00:51:55,679
MISSION THAT ACTUALLY BEEN

1564
00:51:55,679 --> 00:51:57,180
PLANNED FOR FOR MORE THAN 50

1565
00:51:57,180 --> 00:51:57,681
YEARS.

1566
00:51:57,681 --> 00:51:59,182
WE HAVE SHOWN ABOUT THE

1567
00:51:59,182 --> 00:52:00,684
MYSTERIES OF THE SUN AND WE

1568
00:52:00,684 --> 00:52:01,985
WANTED TO GO THERE AND FIND OUT

1569
00:52:01,985 --> 00:52:03,286
WHAT THE ANSWERSES WERE BUT WE

1570
00:52:03,286 --> 00:52:04,788
DIN HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY.

1571
00:52:04,788 --> 00:52:06,490
THE SPACECRAFT ITSELF ACTUALLY

1572
00:52:06,490 --> 00:52:09,092
LAUNCHED IN 2018 AND GOING TO GO

1573
00:52:09,092 --> 00:52:12,095
THROUGH 2025 SO THAT IS SEVEN

1574
00:52:12,095 --> 00:52:14,798
YEARS AND DO SEVEN FLY BYES OF

1575
00:52:14,798 --> 00:52:16,933
VENUS AND 24 ORBITS AROUND THE

1576
00:52:16,933 --> 00:52:17,534
SUN.

1577
00:52:17,534 --> 00:52:18,635
>> GREAT.

1578
00:52:18,635 --> 00:52:19,536
>> WE HAVE A QUESTION THAT I

1579
00:52:19,536 --> 00:52:21,838
WILL ASK EACH OF YOU TO ANSWER

1580
00:52:21,838 --> 00:52:23,540
WHICH IS FROM EIGHTH GRADE EARTH

1581
00:52:23,540 --> 00:52:25,342
SCIENCE CLASS ON TWITTER.

1582
00:52:25,342 --> 00:52:26,443
THEY WANT TO KNOW WHAT THIS IS

1583
00:52:26,443 --> 00:52:29,012
BIGGEST SCIENTIFIC MYSTERY YOU

1584
00:52:29,012 --> 00:52:30,714
WANT TO SOLVE WITH PARKER SOLAR

1585
00:52:30,714 --> 00:52:31,214
PROBE.

1586
00:52:31,214 --> 00:52:32,415
YOU TAKE IT FIRST.

1587
00:52:32,415 --> 00:52:34,017
WELL, INSTRUMENTS I WORK ON

1588
00:52:34,017 --> 00:52:36,119
STUDY THE GERNIC PARTICLES THAT

1589
00:52:36,119 --> 00:52:38,221
COME OFF THE SUN AND ALMOST THE

1590
00:52:38,221 --> 00:52:39,523
SPEED OF LIGHT.

1591
00:52:39,523 --> 00:52:40,824
EVER ALL OF THESE YEARS OF

1592
00:52:40,824 --> 00:52:41,525
STUDYING THEM.

1593
00:52:41,525 --> 00:52:43,426
WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY WHAT

1594
00:52:43,426 --> 00:52:45,529
ACCELERATING THEM AND YET THESE

1595
00:52:45,529 --> 00:52:47,030
ARE THE PARTICLES THAT ARE

1596
00:52:47,030 --> 00:52:48,632
DAMAGING TO SPACECRAFT AND EVEN

1597
00:52:48,632 --> 00:52:50,934
ASTRONAUTS AND IN ORBIT.

1598
00:52:50,934 --> 00:52:52,836
1:00 UNDERSTANDING THE

1599
00:52:52,836 --> 00:52:54,838
ACCELERATION HOW YOU GET THESE

1600
00:52:54,838 --> 00:52:57,340
PIECES OF AT TOMS MOVING UP TO

1601
00:52:57,340 --> 00:52:58,742
ALMOST THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS

1602
00:52:58,742 --> 00:53:00,443
REALLY WHAT I AM INTERESTING IN

1603
00:53:00,443 --> 00:53:02,145
SOLVING WITH THE POLL PARKER

1604
00:53:02,145 --> 00:53:04,347
SOLAR PROBE.

1605
00:53:04,347 --> 00:53:06,550
>> I AM GOING TO GIVE ONE CHANCE

1606
00:53:06,550 --> 00:53:07,951
TO ANSWER, TOO.

1607
00:53:07,951 --> 00:53:08,451
SURE.

1608
00:53:08,451 --> 00:53:10,153
SO I SAY THE SOLAR WIND.

1609
00:53:10,153 --> 00:53:12,756
I AM MOST INTERESTED IN THE

1610
00:53:12,756 --> 00:53:14,057
SWEEP AND FIELDS IN STREWMENTS

1611
00:53:14,057 --> 00:53:17,194
THAT STUDIED THE ACTUAL PARTICLE

1612
00:53:17,194 --> 00:53:18,695
KENS THE SOLAR WIND OF THE FIELD

1613
00:53:18,695 --> 00:53:20,797
SO WE ARE HOPING TO UNDERSTAND

1614
00:53:20,797 --> 00:53:22,999
THE ORIGINS OF THEOL A WIND AND

1615
00:53:22,999 --> 00:53:25,101
HOW IT IS ESCAPE HYUN IT EVOLVES

1616
00:53:25,101 --> 00:53:26,803
AS IT MOVES TOWARD EARTH.

1617
00:53:26,803 --> 00:53:27,571
>> FAN TAKE.

1618
00:53:27,571 --> 00:53:28,371
A THANS SOP.

1619
00:53:28,371 --> 00:53:29,873
>> WE RAILROAD GOING TO GO BACK

1620
00:53:29,873 --> 00:53:30,774
TO THE STUDIO.

1621
00:53:30,774 --> 00:53:31,875
THANKS SO MUCH.

1622
00:53:31,875 --> 00:53:33,176
>> THANK YOU.

1623
00:53:33,176 --> 00:53:35,679
>> THANKS, KAREN.

1624
00:53:35,679 --> 00:53:37,480
SO WE DISSED A LOT OF EXCITING

1625
00:53:37,480 --> 00:53:38,982
SCIENCE ABOUT THE SUN AND THAT

1626
00:53:38,982 --> 00:53:40,083
IS ONLY BEGINNING.

1627
00:53:40,083 --> 00:53:42,185
THE SCIENCE CAN HELP US

1628
00:53:42,185 --> 00:53:43,486
UNDERSTAND NOT ONLY THE

1629
00:53:43,486 --> 00:53:44,988
ENVIRONMENT IN THE SYSTEM WHICH

1630
00:53:44,988 --> 00:53:47,390
IS DONE BY THE SUN BUT HELP US

1631
00:53:47,390 --> 00:53:48,692
BOATER UNDERSTAND THE SCIENCE

1632
00:53:48,692 --> 00:53:50,794
AND THE STARSES IN THE UNIVERSE

1633
00:53:50,794 --> 00:53:52,395
AND WATCH A QUICK RECAP HEF

1634
00:53:52,395 --> 00:53:54,497
SCIENCE WE JUST LEARNED ABOUT.

1635
00:53:54,497 --> 00:53:56,399
FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER WE WERE

1636
00:53:56,399 --> 00:53:58,401
ABLE TO GO TO THE SOURCE OF THE

1637
00:53:58,401 --> 00:54:00,704
SOLAR WIND ANKLES HERE ARE FIVE

1638
00:54:00,704 --> 00:54:02,606
FEATURES THAT PARKER SAW.

1639
00:54:02,606 --> 00:54:06,109
WE LONG KNOWN THAT SPACE IS FULL

1640
00:54:06,109 --> 00:54:07,811
OF COS PICK DUST AND SEE THE

1641
00:54:07,811 --> 00:54:09,713
FRUST EARTH BECAUSE IT REFLECTS

1642
00:54:09,713 --> 00:54:10,213
SUNLIGHT.

1643
00:54:10,213 --> 00:54:11,915
PARKER SAW EVIDENCE OF THE DUST

1644
00:54:11,915 --> 00:54:15,719
STOPPED AT ESTIMATED THREE AND A

1645
00:54:15,719 --> 00:54:17,254
HALF MILLION MILES FROM THE SUN.

1646
00:54:17,254 --> 00:54:19,956
THE SUN VAPORIZES IT CREATING A

1647
00:54:19,956 --> 00:54:22,359
DUST-FREE ZONELING TO STAR.

1648
00:54:22,359 --> 00:54:23,860
AT EARTH IT APACERS THE HAG

1649
00:54:23,860 --> 00:54:25,562
NETTIC FIELD LINES FLOW ONLY

1650
00:54:25,562 --> 00:54:27,831
FROM THE SUN BUT PARKER SAW THEM

1651
00:54:27,831 --> 00:54:29,532
BEHAVE IN A SURPRISING WAY.

1652
00:54:29,532 --> 00:54:31,635
THE MAGNETIC FIELD LINES CLIP AT

1653
00:54:31,635 --> 00:54:33,436
A WHIP-LIKE MOTION TURNING

1654
00:54:33,436 --> 00:54:35,138
180DEGREES DEGREES AROUND IN A

1655
00:54:35,138 --> 00:54:36,840
MATH MATTER OF SECONDS THESE

1656
00:54:36,840 --> 00:54:38,742
SWITCHBACKS CAME IN CLUSTERS AND

1657
00:54:38,742 --> 00:54:40,744
WERE TIMED WITH FAST MOVING

1658
00:54:40,744 --> 00:54:42,646
CLUMS OF PLACE ZAN THE SOLAR

1659
00:54:42,646 --> 00:54:44,948
WIND.

1660
00:54:44,948 --> 00:54:46,249
THEY HAVE LONG WONDERED IF THE

1661
00:54:46,249 --> 00:54:47,951
SOLAR WIST GENERATED AS A

1662
00:54:47,951 --> 00:54:50,353
CONTINUOUS PLO OR IN SPURTS AM

1663
00:54:50,353 --> 00:54:51,655
WE SEE EVIDENCE THAT THE SOLAR

1664
00:54:51,655 --> 00:54:54,658
WIND HAS REGULAR TEXTURE.

1665
00:54:54,658 --> 00:54:58,061
THE MRS.MA ALSO SEEMS TO LACK

1666
00:54:58,061 --> 00:55:00,063
ORDERLY SENSE OF DIRECTION.

1667
00:55:00,063 --> 00:55:01,965
SOME CLUMS FIRE OUT TO SPACE

1668
00:55:01,965 --> 00:55:03,466
WHILE OTHERS FALL BACK TO THE

1669
00:55:03,466 --> 00:55:03,867
SUN.

1670
00:55:03,867 --> 00:55:05,568
THESE CLUM MACE BE STARTING THE

1671
00:55:05,568 --> 00:55:07,070
MAGNETIC FIELD CAUSING THE

1672
00:55:07,070 --> 00:55:08,171
SWITCHBACKS.

1673
00:55:08,171 --> 00:55:09,673
THEY MAY ALSO BE INDICATOR OF

1674
00:55:09,673 --> 00:55:11,374
WHAT THE SOLAR WIND LOOKS LIKE

1675
00:55:11,374 --> 00:55:13,376
IN THE EARLY STAGES AFTER ITS

1676
00:55:13,376 --> 00:55:15,478
BERTH ON THE SUN.

1677
00:55:15,478 --> 00:55:16,913
PARKER FOUND A TRANSITION POINT

1678
00:55:16,913 --> 00:55:18,715
IN THE SOLAR WIND.

1679
00:55:18,715 --> 00:55:21,017
THE CORONAS THE SUN'S FAINT

1680
00:55:21,017 --> 00:55:22,319
OUTER MOST LAYER THAT

1681
00:55:22,319 --> 00:55:24,921
TRANSITIONS TO THE SOLAR WIND.

1682
00:55:24,921 --> 00:55:26,823
BEFORE PARKER, SCIENTISTS KNEW

1683
00:55:26,823 --> 00:55:28,591
THE CORONA ROTATES WITH THE

1684
00:55:28,591 --> 00:55:30,293
VISIBLE SURFACE BELOW IT BUT

1685
00:55:30,293 --> 00:55:32,295
THEY DIDN'T KNOW HOW OR WHERE

1686
00:55:32,295 --> 00:55:33,596
THE SOLAR WIND SWITCHED TO

1687
00:55:33,596 --> 00:55:35,098
FLOWING STRAIGHT BY THE TIME IT

1688
00:55:35,098 --> 00:55:36,599
REACHES EARTH.

1689
00:55:36,599 --> 00:55:38,501
1:00 PARKER HAS FINALLY SPOTTED

1690
00:55:38,501 --> 00:55:40,003
SIGNS OF THIS TRAN DIGS AND THE

1691
00:55:40,003 --> 00:55:41,504
CHANGE-OVER HAPPENS

1692
00:55:41,504 --> 00:55:43,006
SIGNIFICANTLY FURTHER OUT THAN

1693
00:55:43,006 --> 00:55:45,108
EXPECTED.

1694
00:55:45,108 --> 00:55:46,609
ALTHOUGH THE SUN HAS BEEN VERY

1695
00:55:46,609 --> 00:55:48,611
QUIET OVER THE FIRST TWO ORBITS,

1696
00:55:48,611 --> 00:55:50,513
PARK ARE OBSERVED SEVERAL TINY

1697
00:55:50,513 --> 00:55:52,215
BURSTS OF SOLAR ENERGETIC

1698
00:55:52,215 --> 00:55:53,516
PARTICLES.

1699
00:55:53,516 --> 00:55:54,617
WHILE THESE EVENTS HAVE BEEN

1700
00:55:54,617 --> 00:55:57,220
SEEN BEFORE, OF THE ONES THIS

1701
00:55:57,220 --> 00:55:57,620
SMALL.

1702
00:55:57,620 --> 00:55:59,522
THE FAST MOVING PARTICLES ARE

1703
00:55:59,522 --> 00:56:02,125
THE MODEST BERTHS PREAD OUT AS

1704
00:56:02,125 --> 00:56:03,927
THEY NOVEMBER THE SUN MAKING

1705
00:56:03,927 --> 00:56:06,029
THEM UNDETECTABLE FROM EARTH.

1706
00:56:06,029 --> 00:56:09,032
WITHOUT PARKER'S FRONT ROW SEAT

1707
00:56:09,032 --> 00:56:10,533
WE WOULD NEVER KNOW THE SPRINS

1708
00:56:10,533 --> 00:56:13,636
DUESING THE SMALL SCALE EVENTS.

1709
00:56:13,636 --> 00:56:15,538
FAST MOVING PARTICLES A ARE A

1710
00:56:15,538 --> 00:56:16,873
SOURCE OF DANGEROUS RADIATION.

1711
00:56:16,873 --> 00:56:18,074
THE MORE WE LEARN ABOUT THESE

1712
00:56:18,074 --> 00:56:19,576
ERUPTIONS THE BETTER WE CAN

1713
00:56:19,576 --> 00:56:22,579
PROTECT THE TECHNOLOGY AND AND

1714
00:56:22,579 --> 00:56:23,480
ASTRONAUTS.

1715
00:56:23,480 --> 00:56:25,882
PARKER STILL HAS MORE WORK TO DO

1716
00:56:25,882 --> 00:56:27,384
BUT ALREADY HELPING US SEE THE

1717
00:56:27,384 --> 00:56:32,655
STAR IN A WHOLE NEW LIGHT.

1718
00:56:32,655 --> 00:56:34,157
>> WOW, THAT AILS THE TIME WE

1719
00:56:34,157 --> 00:56:34,758
HAVE TODAY.

1720
00:56:34,758 --> 00:56:36,059
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING

1721
00:56:36,059 --> 00:56:38,661
US.

1722
00:56:38,661 --> 00:56:40,964
NICKY AND NOUR, GIVE US FEW

1723
00:56:40,964 --> 00:56:42,165
QUICK FINAL THOUGHT ON THE

1724
00:56:42,165 --> 00:56:43,266
WONDERFUL MISSION.

1725
00:56:43,266 --> 00:56:46,069
>> WELL, THE DATA WE HAVE SO FAR

1726
00:56:46,069 --> 00:56:47,370
SHOWED CORONA.

1727
00:56:47,370 --> 00:56:49,773
SO MANY SURPRISES.

1728
00:56:49,773 --> 00:56:51,474
IF THERE IS ONE THING TO BE

1729
00:56:51,474 --> 00:56:52,776
CERTAIN OF, WE WOULD NEVER SEE

1730
00:56:52,776 --> 00:56:54,677
THE SUN AND THE WIND THE SAME

1731
00:56:54,677 --> 00:56:58,782
WAY IN 60 YEARS.

1732
00:56:58,782 --> 00:56:59,682
IT IS TEXTBOOK.

1733
00:56:59,682 --> 00:57:01,384
>> YEAH I WOULD SAY THAT PARKER

1734
00:57:01,384 --> 00:57:04,387
SOLAR PROBE IS CERTAINLY HOLDING

1735
00:57:04,387 --> 00:57:05,688
UP BEING THE COOLEST MISSION

1736
00:57:05,688 --> 00:57:07,590
UNDER THE SUN AND EXCITED BY ALL

1737
00:57:07,590 --> 00:57:09,793
OF THE RESULTS THAT WE HAVE SEEN

1738
00:57:09,793 --> 00:57:11,895
FROM TODAY AND OF COURSE THIS IS

1739
00:57:11,895 --> 00:57:13,997
JUST THE START AND THESE ARE THE

1740
00:57:13,997 --> 00:57:16,533
FIRST BIG PAPERS BUT BE HAVE A

1741
00:57:16,533 --> 00:57:19,135
LOT MORE SCIENCE TO DO UPCOMING

1742
00:57:19,135 --> 00:57:21,037
NEXT VENUS FLY BY

1743
00:57:21,037 --> 00:57:23,039
DECEMBER26th WHEN WE GO

1744
00:57:23,039 --> 00:57:24,541
CLOSE FOR THE SUN WITH THE NEXT

1745
00:57:24,541 --> 00:57:26,042
COUPLE OF ORBITS THEN ANOTHER

1746
00:57:26,042 --> 00:57:28,411
VENUS PLY PI AND WE KEEP GOING.

1747
00:57:28,411 --> 00:57:32,115
AND SO YOU KNOW, FOR THEISM'S

1748
00:57:32,115 --> 00:57:33,616
FIXES DY VUGS WE'RE EXCITED

1749
00:57:33,616 --> 00:57:35,718
ABOUT WELCOMING PARKER SOLAR

1750
00:57:35,718 --> 00:57:37,220
PHLEB THE FLEET AND GETTING

1751
00:57:37,220 --> 00:57:38,922
INCREDIBLE DATA ARE THE FIRST

1752
00:57:38,922 --> 00:57:40,223
TIME IN THE KEY REGION AND OF

1753
00:57:40,223 --> 00:57:43,726
COURSE, USING THESE DATA TO

1754
00:57:43,726 --> 00:57:46,529
SUPPORT OUR MISSIONS A WE GO

1755
00:57:46,529 --> 00:57:48,631
FORWARD TO THE MOON, MARS AND

1756
00:57:48,631 --> 00:57:49,332
BEYOND.

1757
00:57:49,332 --> 00:57:51,434
>> GAIN THANK YOU TO YOU BOTH

1758
00:57:51,434 --> 00:57:53,136
AND THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.

1759
00:57:53,136 --> 00:57:54,237
CONTINUE SENDING US YOUR

1760
00:57:54,237 --> 00:57:55,738
QUESTIONS ABOUT PARKER USING THE

1761
00:57:55,738 --> 00:57:58,541
HASHTAG ASK MASSES SA AND MAKE A

1762
00:57:58,541 --> 00:58:00,243
SPECIAL VIDEO WILL ANSWER THEM

1763
00:58:00,243 --> 00:58:01,544
AND POSTED TO THE NASA SOCIAL

1764
00:58:01,544 --> 00:58:03,646
MEDIA PAGES SO KEEP A LOOK OUT

1765
00:58:03,646 --> 00:58:04,047
FOR THAT.

1766
00:58:04,047 --> 00:58:06,649
PLUS, JOIN PARKER PEG,S AGAIN

1767
00:58:06,649 --> 00:58:09,052
TOMORROW AT 2:00 P.M. EASTERN

1768
00:58:09,052 --> 00:58:10,253
AND MORE RESULTS WILL BE

1769
00:58:10,253 --> 00:58:12,755
REVIEWED NEXT WEEK KNOWN AS THE

1770
00:58:12,755 --> 00:58:13,556
AGO.

1771
00:58:13,556 --> 00:58:15,058
THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

1772
00:58:15,058 --> 00:58:16,359
UNTIL NEXT TIME, DON'T LOOK AT

1773
00:58:16,359 --> 00:58:19,796
THE SUN BUT KEEP WATCHING IT.

1774
00:58:19,796 --> 00:58:20,196
♪

1775
00:58:20,196 --> 00:58:23,600
♪

1776
00:58:23,600 --> 00:58:24,267
♪