1 00:00:30,497 --> 00:00:32,465 >> THIS HALLOWEEN NASA WILL TAKE 2 00:00:32,465 --> 00:00:36,770 YOU ON A JOURNEY TO THE DARKEST 3 00:00:36,770 --> 00:00:38,204 CORNERS. 4 00:00:38,204 --> 00:00:41,374 WHERE INVISIBLE FORCES DRAW 5 00:00:41,374 --> 00:00:44,911 GALAXY'S TOGETHER AS DARK ENERGY 6 00:00:44,911 --> 00:00:46,646 RIPS THEM APART AND TRAVEL THE 7 00:00:46,646 --> 00:00:50,750 WORLDS WITH UNIMAGINABLE 8 00:00:50,750 --> 00:00:56,189 CONDITIONS, PERILOUS TO HUMANS. 9 00:00:56,189 --> 00:01:05,432 WE'LL WE HEAR SOUNDS. 10 00:01:05,432 --> 00:01:05,999 STOP. 11 00:01:05,999 --> 00:01:07,067 LISTEN. 12 00:01:07,067 --> 00:01:09,069 LOOK UP. 13 00:01:09,069 --> 00:01:13,540 AND JOIN US FOR A TOUR OF OUR 14 00:01:13,540 --> 00:01:16,743 GALAXY OF HORRORS. 15 00:01:16,743 --> 00:01:20,246 (CACKLING LAUGH) 16 00:01:20,246 --> 00:01:21,915 >> HAPPY HALLOWEEN AND WELCOME 17 00:01:21,915 --> 00:01:24,717 TO SPECIAL HAIR RAISING EDITION 18 00:01:24,717 --> 00:01:26,519 OF NASA SCIENCE LIVE. 19 00:01:26,519 --> 00:01:28,922 I'M YOUR HOST SCOTT BEDNAR. 20 00:01:28,922 --> 00:01:30,757 THIS IS A SHOW ABOUT YOU BEING 21 00:01:30,757 --> 00:01:33,359 ABLE TO INTERACT WITH NASA 22 00:01:33,359 --> 00:01:34,160 SCIENTISTS AND GETTING YOUR 23 00:01:34,160 --> 00:01:35,495 QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 24 00:01:35,495 --> 00:01:37,397 IT'S EASY ALL YOU GOT TO DO IS 25 00:01:37,397 --> 00:01:38,698 GO TO ASK US A QUESTION USING 26 00:01:38,698 --> 00:01:41,401 THE #ASKNASA OR JUST LEAVE A 27 00:01:41,401 --> 00:01:42,802 QUESTION IN THE COMMENT BOX 28 00:01:42,802 --> 00:01:43,636 WHEREVER YOU'RE WATCHING THIS 29 00:01:43,636 --> 00:01:44,637 PROGRAM TODAY. 30 00:01:44,637 --> 00:01:47,373 SO, IT IS THE HALLOWEENS, THE 31 00:01:47,373 --> 00:01:48,608 DAY OF THE DEAD AND CELEBRATE 32 00:01:48,608 --> 00:01:50,376 THIS CHILLING HOLIDAY WE ARE 33 00:01:50,376 --> 00:01:52,745 TAKING YOU ON OUR TOUR OF OUR 34 00:01:52,745 --> 00:01:53,546 GALAXY OF HORRORS. 35 00:01:53,546 --> 00:01:55,982 FIRST, WE'LL START AT THE FAR 36 00:01:55,982 --> 00:01:57,917 REACHES OF THE MILKY WAY AND 37 00:01:57,917 --> 00:01:59,552 EXPLORE TERRIFYING PLANETS THAT 38 00:01:59,552 --> 00:02:00,620 ORBIT OTHER STARS. 39 00:02:00,620 --> 00:02:03,223 THEN, WE'LL COME A BIT CLOSER TO 40 00:02:03,223 --> 00:02:04,257 COME BY EXPLORING SOME OF THE 41 00:02:04,257 --> 00:02:05,992 WHO ARE EERIE ENVIRONMENTS IF 42 00:02:05,992 --> 00:02:07,894 OUR OWN SOLAR SYSTEM. 43 00:02:07,894 --> 00:02:10,363 HAVE YOU EVER HEARD RADIO WAVES 44 00:02:10,363 --> 00:02:11,898 FROM SATURN? 45 00:02:11,898 --> 00:02:12,632 YOU WILL TODAY. 46 00:02:12,632 --> 00:02:14,367 THEN WE'LL DIVE INTO THE DARK 47 00:02:14,367 --> 00:02:16,636 FORCES AT PLAY IN OUR UNIVERSE, 48 00:02:16,636 --> 00:02:18,404 DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER. 49 00:02:18,404 --> 00:02:19,839 WHAT ARE YOU WEARING TODAY? 50 00:02:19,839 --> 00:02:20,340 ME? 51 00:02:20,340 --> 00:02:24,544 WELL, I'M JUST A MAD SCIENTIST. 52 00:02:24,544 --> 00:02:26,546 DO YOU HAVE A SPACE OR SCIENCE 53 00:02:26,546 --> 00:02:28,014 THEME COSTUME YOU WANT TO SHARE 54 00:02:28,014 --> 00:02:28,448 WITH US. 55 00:02:28,448 --> 00:02:31,551 SEND US A PICTURE USING THE 56 00:02:31,551 --> 00:02:31,951 #NASACOSTUME. 57 00:02:31,951 --> 00:02:33,086 WE WANT TO SEE THEM ALL. 58 00:02:33,086 --> 00:02:34,721 I'M NOT THE ONLY ONE DRESSED UP 59 00:02:34,721 --> 00:02:35,421 HERE TODAY. 60 00:02:35,421 --> 00:02:38,525 THE WHOLE NASA LIVE DREW IS 61 00:02:38,525 --> 00:02:40,226 CRAWLING WITH CREEPY COST TOMBS. 62 00:02:40,226 --> 00:02:43,062 TAKE A LOOK. 63 00:02:43,062 --> 00:02:45,899 >> HAPPY HALLOWEEN! 64 00:02:45,899 --> 00:02:47,934 POSITIVELY GHASTLY. 65 00:02:47,934 --> 00:02:50,036 BEFORE WE GET KNEE DEEP INTO 66 00:02:50,036 --> 00:02:52,505 SOME SPOOKY SCIENCE WE WANT YOU 67 00:02:52,505 --> 00:02:53,806 TO HELP US DETERMINE THE 68 00:02:53,806 --> 00:02:55,475 SCARIEST IMAGE OF THE GALAXY. 69 00:02:55,475 --> 00:02:58,411 WE HAVE FOUR TERRIFYING PHOTOS 70 00:02:58,411 --> 00:02:59,879 AND WE NEED YOU TO HELP US VOTE 71 00:02:59,879 --> 00:03:01,748 ON WHICH IS THE MOST 72 00:03:01,748 --> 00:03:04,284 HALLOWEEN-RIFFIC OF THEM ALL. 73 00:03:04,284 --> 00:03:07,520 WE HAVE A CREEPY COFFIN SHAPED 74 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:09,889 ICEBERG OF THE AFTER 18 YEARS IS 75 00:03:09,889 --> 00:03:11,457 A SEA IT ENTERED A REGION IN 76 00:03:11,457 --> 00:03:15,929 2018 WHERE ANTARCTIC ICEBERGS GO 77 00:03:15,929 --> 00:03:16,496 TO DIE. 78 00:03:16,496 --> 00:03:18,631 NEXT THIS FRIGHTENING SNAPSHOT 79 00:03:18,631 --> 00:03:20,200 OF AN ASTEROID. 80 00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:22,902 IN 2015 THIS CRANIUM-SHAPED 81 00:03:22,902 --> 00:03:25,338 BOULDER FLEW BY EARTH ON 82 00:03:25,338 --> 00:03:26,005 HALLOWEEN DAY. 83 00:03:26,005 --> 00:03:27,640 THIRDLY WE HAVE THIS SPICY IMAGE 84 00:03:27,640 --> 00:03:28,841 OF THE SIZZLING SUN. 85 00:03:28,841 --> 00:03:31,444 THESE BRIGHTER AND MORE ACTIVE 86 00:03:31,444 --> 00:03:32,946 REGIONS APPEAR TO BE PERFORMING 87 00:03:32,946 --> 00:03:36,015 A JACK O' LANTERNS FACE AND 88 00:03:36,015 --> 00:03:37,917 LASTLY BUT NOT THIS HAUNTING 89 00:03:37,917 --> 00:03:40,887 PORTRAIT OF THE RETCH IT RICH 90 00:03:40,887 --> 00:03:43,890 HEAD NEBULA SCREAMING BLOODY 91 00:03:43,890 --> 00:03:46,626 MURDER INTO THE REACHES OF 92 00:03:46,626 --> 00:03:47,193 SPACE. 93 00:03:47,193 --> 00:03:48,595 WHICH IS THE SPACIEST OF ALL. 94 00:03:48,595 --> 00:03:50,330 ALL YOU GOT TO DO IS GO TO 95 00:03:50,330 --> 00:03:53,933 TWITTER AND TYPE IN @ NASA AND 96 00:03:53,933 --> 00:03:55,335 VOTE AND WE'LL LET YOU KNOW 97 00:03:55,335 --> 00:03:59,405 WHICH IS THE WORST A LATER IN 98 00:03:59,405 --> 00:03:59,739 THE SHOW. 99 00:03:59,739 --> 00:04:02,041 NOW LET'S VENTURE BILLIONS OF 100 00:04:02,041 --> 00:04:04,043 MILES PAST THE BOUNDARY OF OUR 101 00:04:04,043 --> 00:04:05,378 SOLAR SYSTEM BEYOND PLUTO AND 102 00:04:05,378 --> 00:04:06,646 THE INFLUENCE OF OUR SUN TO 103 00:04:06,646 --> 00:04:08,314 LEARN ABOUT PLANETS THAT ORBIT 104 00:04:08,314 --> 00:04:10,283 OTHER STARS, ALSO KNOWN AS 105 00:04:10,283 --> 00:04:10,750 EXOPLANETS. 106 00:04:10,750 --> 00:04:12,752 AND UNLIKE OUR BEAUTIFUL EARTH 107 00:04:12,752 --> 00:04:14,320 NOT ALL OF THEM ARE VERY 108 00:04:14,320 --> 00:04:14,887 WELCOMING. 109 00:04:14,887 --> 00:04:15,755 ARE YOU READY? 110 00:04:15,755 --> 00:04:22,395 LET'S GO TAKE A LOOK. 111 00:04:22,395 --> 00:04:23,763 >> LURKING BEYOND OUR SOLAR 112 00:04:23,763 --> 00:04:25,698 SYSTEM AMONG THE BILLIONS OF 113 00:04:25,698 --> 00:04:28,301 STARS AND THE EXOPLANETS THAT 114 00:04:28,301 --> 00:04:31,170 ORBIT THEM, IS ANOTHER SORT OF 115 00:04:31,170 --> 00:04:33,006 MILKY WAY ALL TOGETHER, A PLACE 116 00:04:33,006 --> 00:04:35,241 OF UNEQUAL TEARERS. 117 00:04:35,241 --> 00:04:37,877 COME AT US NOW IF YOU DARE AND 118 00:04:37,877 --> 00:04:44,984 DISCOVER THE GALAXY OF HORRORS. 119 00:04:44,984 --> 00:04:46,486 FEEL THE RAINS OF TERROR, THE 120 00:04:46,486 --> 00:04:47,854 KILLERS YOU NEVER SEE COMING. 121 00:04:47,854 --> 00:04:50,423 WITH WINDS OF UP TO 5400 MILES 122 00:04:50,423 --> 00:04:53,026 PER HOUR. 123 00:04:53,026 --> 00:04:55,428 AND RAINS OF GLASS BLOWING 124 00:04:55,428 --> 00:04:55,895 SIDEWAYS AND. 125 00:04:55,895 --> 00:05:00,500 THE WEATHER IS HERE DEADLY. 126 00:05:00,500 --> 00:05:03,403 THIS HAZY BLOW TORCHED 127 00:05:03,403 --> 00:05:05,204 ATMOSPHERE IS RID TOLD WITH 128 00:05:05,204 --> 00:05:07,307 PARTICLES MAKING THIS AN 129 00:05:07,307 --> 00:05:09,375 UNEARTHLY DEATH TRAP NO ONE 130 00:05:09,375 --> 00:05:12,445 WOULD WANT TO FACE. 131 00:05:12,445 --> 00:05:14,781 DISCOVER THE ZOMBIE WORLD THAT 132 00:05:14,781 --> 00:05:18,718 EXISTS IN THIS HOSPITABLE PART 133 00:05:18,718 --> 00:05:22,055 OF THE GALAXY. 134 00:05:22,055 --> 00:05:30,797 POLTERGEIST PLANET. 135 00:05:30,797 --> 00:05:32,465 DESPITE ITS DEMISE THIS UNDEAD 136 00:05:32,465 --> 00:05:34,901 STAR SPINS TWIN BEAMS OF 137 00:05:34,901 --> 00:05:36,369 RADIATION THAT COULD INCINERATE 138 00:05:36,369 --> 00:05:38,538 A SPACE SHIFT FOOLISH ENOUGH TO 139 00:05:38,538 --> 00:05:39,605 VENTURE TOO CLOSE. 140 00:05:39,605 --> 00:05:41,374 EVEN IF YOU COULD MAKE IT TO THE 141 00:05:41,374 --> 00:05:43,710 SURFACE, YOUR NIGHTMARES WOULD 142 00:05:43,710 --> 00:05:45,144 CONTINUE AS THE RADIATION FROM 143 00:05:45,144 --> 00:05:47,547 THE ZOMBIE STAR RAINS DOWN ON 144 00:05:47,547 --> 00:05:50,016 PLANET POLTERGEIST AS WELL AS 145 00:05:50,016 --> 00:05:53,553 THEY ARE NEIGHBORING DEAD WORLD 146 00:05:53,553 --> 00:05:59,125 CREATING SICKLY AWARDS TO LIGHT 147 00:05:59,125 --> 00:06:01,427 UP YOUR CERTAIN DEATH. 148 00:06:01,427 --> 00:06:03,496 THESE ARE THE SAMPLE OF THE 149 00:06:03,496 --> 00:06:06,366 UNWELCOMING WORLDS THAT INHABIT 150 00:06:06,366 --> 00:06:12,572 OUR WORLDS GALAXY OF HORRORS. 151 00:06:12,572 --> 00:06:13,606 >> THAT WAS TERRIFYING. 152 00:06:13,606 --> 00:06:15,675 MAKE SURE TO DOWNLOAD YOUR 153 00:06:15,675 --> 00:06:17,043 GALAXY OF HORRORS TODAY AT A 154 00:06:17,043 --> 00:06:18,444 WEBSITE NEAR YOU. 155 00:06:18,444 --> 00:06:19,779 SPECIFICALLY 156 00:06:19,779 --> 00:06:22,915 EXOPLANETS.NASA.GOV. 157 00:06:22,915 --> 00:06:24,083 YOU DON'T NEED TO BE A SCIENTIST 158 00:06:24,083 --> 00:06:27,153 OR AN ENGINEER TO WORK AT NASA. 159 00:06:27,153 --> 00:06:27,687 LOOK AT ME. 160 00:06:27,687 --> 00:06:28,755 WE ARE GOING TO INTRODUCE YOU TO 161 00:06:28,755 --> 00:06:31,657 THE PLAGUED MINDS BEHIND THESE 162 00:06:31,657 --> 00:06:33,793 CHILLING WORKS OF DARK ART. 163 00:06:33,793 --> 00:06:35,194 LET'S HEAD OVER TO OUR FRIENDS 164 00:06:35,194 --> 00:06:37,830 ON THE WEST COAST AT THE JET 165 00:06:37,830 --> 00:06:41,067 PROPULSION LABORATORY. 166 00:06:41,067 --> 00:06:42,902 THALIA AND TIFFANY, HAPPY 167 00:06:42,902 --> 00:06:44,404 HALLOWEEN! 168 00:06:44,404 --> 00:06:47,373 >> SCOTT, OVER TO YOU. 169 00:06:47,373 --> 00:06:50,443 >> SO I AM THALIA RIVERA KHAN 170 00:06:50,443 --> 00:06:52,111 AND I'M JOINED BY TIFFANY 171 00:06:52,111 --> 00:06:54,113 KATARIA WHO IS AN EXOPLANET 172 00:06:54,113 --> 00:06:54,814 SCIENTIST. 173 00:06:54,814 --> 00:06:56,115 TIFFANY, WE JUST SAW THE 174 00:06:56,115 --> 00:06:56,416 TRAILER. 175 00:06:56,416 --> 00:06:57,383 LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 176 00:06:57,383 --> 00:06:59,018 THE POSTERS. 177 00:06:59,018 --> 00:07:02,021 WE HAVE RAINED TERROR, CAN YOU 178 00:07:02,021 --> 00:07:03,022 TALK ABOUT THIS PLANET AND WHAT 179 00:07:03,022 --> 00:07:05,591 MAKES IT SO TERRIFYING? 180 00:07:05,591 --> 00:07:05,925 >> YEAH. 181 00:07:05,925 --> 00:07:10,730 THIS PLANET IS CALLED HD 182 00:07:10,730 --> 00:07:12,265 189773B. 183 00:07:12,265 --> 00:07:16,402 IT'S CALLED A HOT JUPITER. 184 00:07:16,402 --> 00:07:19,906 IT ORBITS CLOSER TO THE STAR. 185 00:07:19,906 --> 00:07:22,008 IT'S 10 TIMES CLOSE THAN IT IS 186 00:07:22,008 --> 00:07:22,842 ON THE SUN. 187 00:07:22,842 --> 00:07:24,610 IT'S SUPER, SUPER HOT. 188 00:07:24,610 --> 00:07:25,878 HOT ENOUGH THAT THE ROCKS WE 189 00:07:25,878 --> 00:07:29,449 FIND ON EARTH ARE HOT ENOUGH TO 190 00:07:29,449 --> 00:07:31,417 BE VAPORIZED AND RAINING OUT IN 191 00:07:31,417 --> 00:07:32,185 THE ATMOSPHERE. 192 00:07:32,185 --> 00:07:33,820 BECAUSE IT EXPERIENCES VERY HIGH 193 00:07:33,820 --> 00:07:37,557 WINDS WE EXPECT THIS RAIN, THESE 194 00:07:37,557 --> 00:07:38,925 RAINS OF GLASS BECAUSE THEY'RE 195 00:07:38,925 --> 00:07:40,893 SILL CAT PARTICLES, WE EXPECT 196 00:07:40,893 --> 00:07:46,399 THOSE PARTICLES TO BE DRIVEN 197 00:07:46,399 --> 00:07:47,800 SIDEWAYS FROM THE WIND. 198 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:49,368 >> OUR SANTA ANA WINDS HAVE 199 00:07:49,368 --> 00:07:51,204 NOTHING ON THIS PLANET. 200 00:07:51,204 --> 00:07:51,904 >> ABSOLUTELY NOT 201 00:07:51,904 --> 00:07:53,973 >> LET'S TALK ABOUT OUR NEXT 202 00:07:53,973 --> 00:07:55,508 POSTER WHICH IS ZOMBIE WORLD. 203 00:07:55,508 --> 00:07:59,579 PSRB125712. 204 00:07:59,579 --> 00:08:00,780 CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THESE 205 00:08:00,780 --> 00:08:05,051 PLANET ANDS MAKE WHAT THEM SO 206 00:08:05,051 --> 00:08:05,585 INHOSPITABLE. 207 00:08:05,585 --> 00:08:06,686 >> THIS IS SYSTEM FOR HALLOWEEN 208 00:08:06,686 --> 00:08:07,820 BECAUSE OF THE NAMES OF THE 209 00:08:07,820 --> 00:08:08,821 PLANETS AND THE STAR ARE 210 00:08:08,821 --> 00:08:10,590 ACTUALLY UNDEAD CREATURES. 211 00:08:10,590 --> 00:08:12,859 SO THE STAR IS CALLED LEECH AND 212 00:08:12,859 --> 00:08:14,293 TRAILER YOU SAW THE PLANETS ARE 213 00:08:14,293 --> 00:08:17,463 CALLED POLTERGEIST AND DRAGAR 214 00:08:17,463 --> 00:08:19,398 AND I'M FOR GETTING THE THIRD 215 00:08:19,398 --> 00:08:21,701 ONE. 216 00:08:21,701 --> 00:08:23,202 ALL OF THOSE ARE UNDEAD 217 00:08:23,202 --> 00:08:23,736 CREATURES ALREADY. 218 00:08:23,736 --> 00:08:26,873 SO CLIMBED FOR A HALLOWEEN 219 00:08:26,873 --> 00:08:27,840 POSTER. 220 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:29,809 THEY'RE ORBITING A PULSAR. 221 00:08:29,809 --> 00:08:33,579 A DEAD STAR THAT IS ROTATING. 222 00:08:33,579 --> 00:08:35,982 ROTATING EVERY 6 MILLISECONDS 223 00:08:35,982 --> 00:08:37,850 AND SMALL AND HOT AND GIVING OFF 224 00:08:37,850 --> 00:08:40,386 ALL THESE RADIO EMISSIONS. 225 00:08:40,386 --> 00:08:43,956 VERY INHOSPITABLE TO LIFE. 226 00:08:43,956 --> 00:08:44,891 >> BRILLIANT. 227 00:08:44,891 --> 00:08:46,993 IT WAS A PLEASURE WORKING WITH 228 00:08:46,993 --> 00:08:48,027 YOU. 229 00:08:48,027 --> 00:08:49,762 REALLY ENJOYED IT. 230 00:08:49,762 --> 00:08:52,532 AMAZING TO SEE HOW IMPORTANT IT 231 00:08:52,532 --> 00:08:54,066 IS AND EXPLAINING THAT SCIENCE 232 00:08:54,066 --> 00:08:56,235 THAT CAN'T ALWAYS BE EXPLAINED 233 00:08:56,235 --> 00:08:57,069 VERY EASILY. 234 00:08:57,069 --> 00:09:01,140 CAN YOU TELL US HOW HAS FUN 235 00:09:01,140 --> 00:09:02,208 RESOURCES LIKE THESE PLANET 236 00:09:02,208 --> 00:09:04,610 POSTERS HELPED YOU EXPLAIN 237 00:09:04,610 --> 00:09:06,812 SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC? 238 00:09:06,812 --> 00:09:08,848 PERSONALLY I'M PASSIONATE ABOUT 239 00:09:08,848 --> 00:09:11,017 BOTH ART AND SCIENCE SO IT'S AN 240 00:09:11,017 --> 00:09:12,018 AWESOME INTERSECTION. 241 00:09:12,018 --> 00:09:13,553 I LOVE -- WHAT I LOVE ABOUT 242 00:09:13,553 --> 00:09:15,788 THESE POSTERS THEY'RE ENGAGING 243 00:09:15,788 --> 00:09:17,356 NOT ONLY TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC 244 00:09:17,356 --> 00:09:20,660 BUT ALSO ASTRONOMERS AND SIGN 245 00:09:20,660 --> 00:09:22,361 ITS IT ACROSS THE BOARD EVEN 246 00:09:22,361 --> 00:09:23,863 PEOPLE WELL INTO EXOPLANET 247 00:09:23,863 --> 00:09:24,764 PLANET SCIENCE. 248 00:09:24,764 --> 00:09:26,632 IT'S NOT NICE NOT ONLY TO POINT 249 00:09:26,632 --> 00:09:29,001 OUT THE POSTERS FOR THE ARTISTIC 250 00:09:29,001 --> 00:09:30,236 ELEMENTS YOU BUT THE SCIENCE 251 00:09:30,236 --> 00:09:31,938 ELEMENTS INCORPORATED ARE LIKE 252 00:09:31,938 --> 00:09:33,906 LITTLE EASTER EGGS FOR PEOPLE TO 253 00:09:33,906 --> 00:09:34,206 FIND. 254 00:09:34,206 --> 00:09:35,641 THE SIZE OF THE PLANETS, IS THE 255 00:09:35,641 --> 00:09:36,809 PARTICLES IN THE SKY, ALL OF 256 00:09:36,809 --> 00:09:38,210 THOSE THINGS WE CAN DRAW FROM 257 00:09:38,210 --> 00:09:39,946 AND EXPLAINING NOT ONLY THE ARTS 258 00:09:39,946 --> 00:09:41,247 BUT ALSO THE SCIENCE THAT GOES 259 00:09:41,247 --> 00:09:44,083 INTO THESE PARTICULAR SYSTEMS. 260 00:09:44,083 --> 00:09:44,450 >> AMAZING. 261 00:09:44,450 --> 00:09:47,954 WE ARE GOING TO TAKE AN ASK NASA 262 00:09:47,954 --> 00:09:48,487 QUESTION. 263 00:09:48,487 --> 00:09:53,459 ZACK POWERS HERE ASKS, "SAY A 264 00:09:53,459 --> 00:09:55,294 PERSON ON ANOTHER PLANET FAR, 265 00:09:55,294 --> 00:09:57,530 FAR AWAY FROM ANOTHER GALAXY, 266 00:09:57,530 --> 00:09:59,498 CLEAR PICTURE OF EARTH, WHAT 267 00:09:59,498 --> 00:10:01,834 TIME PERIOD WAS THE PICTURE OF 268 00:10:01,834 --> 00:10:07,907 EARTH BE IN?" 269 00:10:07,907 --> 00:10:09,241 >> GREAT QUESTION. 270 00:10:09,241 --> 00:10:10,476 LIGHT TAKES TIME TO TRAVEL TO 271 00:10:10,476 --> 00:10:12,044 US, SO IN FACT WE'RE PEERING 272 00:10:12,044 --> 00:10:13,746 BACK IN TIME WHEN WE'RE 273 00:10:13,746 --> 00:10:15,982 RECEIVING TIME FROM AN EXISTING 274 00:10:15,982 --> 00:10:17,183 EXOPLANET PLANET SYSTEM. 275 00:10:17,183 --> 00:10:19,752 DEPENDING ON WHERE THAT OTHER 276 00:10:19,752 --> 00:10:21,253 DISTANT SYSTEM WAS LOOKING AT US 277 00:10:21,253 --> 00:10:22,622 THEY COULD BE PEERING INTO 278 00:10:22,622 --> 00:10:23,422 DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS. 279 00:10:23,422 --> 00:10:25,524 SOME GLACIAL AGE OR PRESENT DAY 280 00:10:25,524 --> 00:10:28,127 WHEN THE EARTH IS REALLY 281 00:10:28,127 --> 00:10:28,527 HOSPITABLE. 282 00:10:28,527 --> 00:10:30,463 IT COULD LOOK ANYWAY DEPENDING 283 00:10:30,463 --> 00:10:31,931 ON WHAT TIME THEY'RE PEERING 284 00:10:31,931 --> 00:10:33,265 INTO. 285 00:10:33,265 --> 00:10:34,000 >> AMAZING. 286 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:36,502 WE HAVE TO ASK, CAN YOU TELL US 287 00:10:36,502 --> 00:10:37,937 WHAT IS GOING ON WITH YOUR 288 00:10:37,937 --> 00:10:39,405 OUTFIT AND HOW DOES IT HAVE TO 289 00:10:39,405 --> 00:10:40,640 RELATE TO EXOPLANETS? 290 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:42,975 >> I'M GLAD YOU ASKED THALIA. 291 00:10:42,975 --> 00:10:45,244 THIS WIG HERE AND MY MAKE-UP 292 00:10:45,244 --> 00:10:46,345 REPRESENTS A TERMINATOR. 293 00:10:46,345 --> 00:10:50,016 SO I'VE GOT A REALLY HOT DAY ON 294 00:10:50,016 --> 00:10:51,517 THE RIGHT AND COLD NIGHT ON THE 295 00:10:51,517 --> 00:10:53,419 LEFT AND SO I TRIED TO MAKE THE 296 00:10:53,419 --> 00:10:55,488 MAKE-UP COMPANIES INCIDENT WITH 297 00:10:55,488 --> 00:10:57,189 THAT AND ALWAYS A GOOD 298 00:10:57,189 --> 00:11:00,026 OPPORTUNITY TO WEAR A CAT SPACE 299 00:11:00,026 --> 00:11:02,595 SHIRT. 300 00:11:02,595 --> 00:11:04,330 I WANTED TO ASK YOU ABOUT YOURS. 301 00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:05,598 >> I'M EVERYTHING AND ANYTHING. 302 00:11:05,598 --> 00:11:07,633 I I'M THE UNIVERSE AND I HAVE 303 00:11:07,633 --> 00:11:08,834 PLANETS HERE AND MY STARS HERE 304 00:11:08,834 --> 00:11:11,470 WHICH ONLY MAKE UP 5% OF IT AND 305 00:11:11,470 --> 00:11:13,506 REST IS DARK ENERGY AND DARK 306 00:11:13,506 --> 00:11:14,340 MATTER. 307 00:11:14,340 --> 00:11:15,541 WE'LL HEAD BACK TO THE STUDIO 308 00:11:15,541 --> 00:11:16,909 WITH YOU, SCOTT. 309 00:11:16,909 --> 00:11:17,777 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 310 00:11:17,777 --> 00:11:19,445 >> THANK YOU, BOTH. 311 00:11:19,445 --> 00:11:20,746 I UNDERSTAND THERE ARE BILLIONS 312 00:11:20,746 --> 00:11:22,915 AND BILLIONS OF PLANETS, 313 00:11:22,915 --> 00:11:23,949 EXOPLANETS IN THE KNOWN 314 00:11:23,949 --> 00:11:24,283 UNIVERSE. 315 00:11:24,283 --> 00:11:25,317 WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR YOUR 316 00:11:25,317 --> 00:11:26,652 WORK SCHEDULES? 317 00:11:26,652 --> 00:11:27,887 >> SO, THERE ARE BILLIONS AND 318 00:11:27,887 --> 00:11:29,255 BILLIONS OF PLANETS IN THE 319 00:11:29,255 --> 00:11:29,655 UNIVERSE. 320 00:11:29,655 --> 00:11:31,357 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR OUR WORK 321 00:11:31,357 --> 00:11:31,724 SCHEDULE? 322 00:11:31,724 --> 00:11:33,592 FOR ME IT'S A LOT OF TRYING TO 323 00:11:33,592 --> 00:11:35,828 COMMUNICATE ALL OF THOSE WEIRD 324 00:11:35,828 --> 00:11:36,395 WORLDS OUT THERE. 325 00:11:36,395 --> 00:11:38,631 BUT FOR TIFFANY IT'S A LOT 326 00:11:38,631 --> 00:11:39,298 DIFFERENT. 327 00:11:39,298 --> 00:11:41,467 >> NEVER A DULL MOMENT. 328 00:11:41,467 --> 00:11:42,835 >> HAPPY HALLOWEEN TO BOTH YOU. 329 00:11:42,835 --> 00:11:44,503 YOU LOOK FANTASTIC. 330 00:11:44,503 --> 00:11:45,938 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 331 00:11:45,938 --> 00:11:48,240 >> BEFORE WE DIVE INTO THE 332 00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:49,909 SPOOKY MYSTERY OF DARK ENERGY 333 00:11:49,909 --> 00:11:52,111 AND DARK MATTER LET'S TALK 334 00:11:52,111 --> 00:11:52,645 PUMPKINS. 335 00:11:52,645 --> 00:11:54,080 WORKING AT NASA ISN'T YOU WILL 336 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:54,747 SCIENCE AND MATH. 337 00:11:54,747 --> 00:11:56,248 IT CAN BE FUN AND GAMES TOO. 338 00:11:56,248 --> 00:11:58,117 FOR INSTANCE, I'M NOT ACTUALLY A 339 00:11:58,117 --> 00:11:59,985 STAR FLEET CAPTAIN. 340 00:11:59,985 --> 00:12:02,254 JET PROPULSION LABORATORY HOSTED 341 00:12:02,254 --> 00:12:04,223 THEIR ANNUAL EMPLOYEE PUMPKIN 342 00:12:04,223 --> 00:12:06,459 CARVING CONTEST AND OUR FRIEND 343 00:12:06,459 --> 00:12:08,928 KAITLYN SOARES HAS ALL THE 344 00:12:08,928 --> 00:12:09,261 DETAILS. 345 00:12:09,261 --> 00:12:11,630 LET'S GIVE THEM PUMPKIN TO TALK 346 00:12:11,630 --> 00:12:15,067 ABOUT ♪ 347 00:12:15,067 --> 00:12:17,336 >> EVERYBODY READY TO GO? 348 00:12:17,336 --> 00:12:20,172 >> OUR ANNUAL PUMPKIN CARVING 349 00:12:20,172 --> 00:12:31,650 CONTEST IS UNDERWAY. 350 00:12:31,650 --> 00:12:33,319 WHAT ARE YOU CARVING TODAY? 351 00:12:33,319 --> 00:12:33,586 >> 352 00:12:33,586 --> 00:12:37,256 >> WE'RE CARVING THE ADVANCED 353 00:12:37,256 --> 00:12:39,992 DEPLOYABLE STRUCTURES THE LAST 354 00:12:39,992 --> 00:12:42,261 10 YEARS PLUG INTO A PUMPKIN. 355 00:12:42,261 --> 00:12:43,329 >> WHAT ARE YOU WORK ON HERE 356 00:12:43,329 --> 00:12:43,796 TODAY? 357 00:12:43,796 --> 00:12:47,133 >> WE GOT OUR ROGUE ON VACATION 358 00:12:47,133 --> 00:12:51,170 TO OLYMPUS MONS THE LARGEST 359 00:12:51,170 --> 00:13:02,047 VOLCANO IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 360 00:13:02,047 --> 00:13:05,017 >> WHAT IS THE SCARECROW THERE? 361 00:13:05,017 --> 00:13:08,521 >> HE'S A BUTTERNUT SQUASH. 362 00:13:08,521 --> 00:13:10,456 >> WE TURN OR PUMPKIN INTO THE 363 00:13:10,456 --> 00:13:11,791 APOLLO LUNAR LANDER. 364 00:13:11,791 --> 00:13:13,058 SO WE GOT THE LANDER GOING DOWN 365 00:13:13,058 --> 00:13:15,161 AND WE ALSO HAVE REAL FOOTAGE OF 366 00:13:15,161 --> 00:13:17,963 THE MOON SHOWING UNDERNEATH IT. 367 00:13:17,963 --> 00:13:26,305 OUR JACK-O-LANDER LANDED SAFETY. 368 00:13:26,305 --> 00:13:27,807 >> DID YOU SEE THOSE PUMPKINS. 369 00:13:27,807 --> 00:13:29,775 I CAN'T EVEN PICK OUT A PUMPKIN 370 00:13:29,775 --> 00:13:33,979 WITHOUT HAVING A FULL BLOWN PAN 371 00:13:33,979 --> 00:13:36,649 PAN ATTACK. 372 00:13:36,649 --> 00:13:38,851 I'M JOINED BY TRUE NASA 373 00:13:38,851 --> 00:13:42,788 SCIENTIST REGINA AND DOMINIC. 374 00:13:42,788 --> 00:13:44,723 I WANT TO COMMEND YOU ON YOUR 375 00:13:44,723 --> 00:13:45,658 COSTUME WEARING. 376 00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:46,559 LOOKING WONDERFUL. 377 00:13:46,559 --> 00:13:48,327 >> THANK YOU. 378 00:13:48,327 --> 00:13:50,462 >> A QUESTION WE SHOULD START 379 00:13:50,462 --> 00:13:51,697 WITH, WHAT IS DARK MATTER AND 380 00:13:51,697 --> 00:13:54,166 WHAT IS DARK ENERGY? 381 00:13:54,166 --> 00:13:55,801 >> IT'S AN EXCELLENT QUESTION 382 00:13:55,801 --> 00:13:57,670 AND A GREAT WAY TO START. 383 00:13:57,670 --> 00:13:59,104 WHAT WE ACTUALLY DO KNOW ABOUT 384 00:13:59,104 --> 00:14:00,606 DARK MATTER. 385 00:14:00,606 --> 00:14:02,274 SO WE KNOW JUST LIKE NORMAL 386 00:14:02,274 --> 00:14:03,876 MATTER LIKE PUMPKINS AND 387 00:14:03,876 --> 00:14:07,713 PLANETS, BUT IT INTERACTS 388 00:14:07,713 --> 00:14:08,180 GRAVITY. 389 00:14:08,180 --> 00:14:10,182 THIS IS HOW WE FIRST DISCOVERED 390 00:14:10,182 --> 00:14:11,584 DARK MATTER. 391 00:14:11,584 --> 00:14:13,285 THERE IS ABOUT 5 TIMES MORE DARK 392 00:14:13,285 --> 00:14:15,387 MATTER OUT THERE THEN THERE IS 393 00:14:15,387 --> 00:14:16,188 REGULAR MATTER. 394 00:14:16,188 --> 00:14:17,556 HOWEVER ONE OF THE BIG 395 00:14:17,556 --> 00:14:18,724 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DARK MATTER 396 00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:21,160 AND REGULAR MATTER IS THAT DARK 397 00:14:21,160 --> 00:14:22,695 MATTER DOESN'T INTERACT WITH 398 00:14:22,695 --> 00:14:24,730 LIGHT OR FOE TONS. 399 00:14:24,730 --> 00:14:25,865 SO WE CAN'T SEE IT. 400 00:14:25,865 --> 00:14:30,236 WHICH IS WHY WE CALL IT, 401 00:14:30,236 --> 00:14:31,470 DARK. 402 00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:32,538 >> WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT DARK 403 00:14:32,538 --> 00:14:35,941 ENERGY IS ABOUT 2/3 OF THE TOTAL 404 00:14:35,941 --> 00:14:37,076 MASS AND ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE 405 00:14:37,076 --> 00:14:38,544 IS IN THE FORM OF DARK ENERGY 406 00:14:38,544 --> 00:14:39,845 AND BEYOND THAT WE ACTUALLY 407 00:14:39,845 --> 00:14:40,813 DON'T KNOW VERY MUCH. 408 00:14:40,813 --> 00:14:42,414 AND SCOTT, THE OLDEST AND 409 00:14:42,414 --> 00:14:43,682 STRONGEST FEAR IS FEAR OF THE 410 00:14:43,682 --> 00:14:46,051 UNKNOWN AND ONE OF THE THINGS WE 411 00:14:46,051 --> 00:14:47,653 DO KNOW IS THAT THERE ARE 412 00:14:47,653 --> 00:14:48,854 BILLIONS OF DARK MATTER 413 00:14:48,854 --> 00:14:50,256 PARTICLES FLOODING THROUGH YOUR 414 00:14:50,256 --> 00:14:51,423 BODY AT THIS VERY MOMENT AND 415 00:14:51,423 --> 00:14:53,893 THAT DARK ENERGY DIFFUSES 416 00:14:53,893 --> 00:14:55,828 EVERYTHING AROUND US INCLUDING 417 00:14:55,828 --> 00:14:58,397 OURSELVES AND OUR OWN BODY. 418 00:14:58,397 --> 00:15:00,399 THEY MAY CHANGE WITH TIME. 419 00:15:00,399 --> 00:15:01,667 BILLIONS FLOODING THROUGH ME 420 00:15:01,667 --> 00:15:06,305 RIGHT NOW. 421 00:15:06,305 --> 00:15:07,473 >> YOU'RE TELLING ME THAT DARK 422 00:15:07,473 --> 00:15:09,141 MATTER AND DARK ENERGY IS PRETTY 423 00:15:09,141 --> 00:15:11,043 MUCH INVISIBLE OR IMPOSSIBLE TO 424 00:15:11,043 --> 00:15:11,343 SEE. 425 00:15:11,343 --> 00:15:13,078 HOW DO WE KNOW IT EXISTS? 426 00:15:13,078 --> 00:15:15,414 HOW DO YOU MEASURE SOMETHING YOU 427 00:15:15,414 --> 00:15:16,315 CAN'T SEE? 428 00:15:16,315 --> 00:15:17,983 >> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION AND 429 00:15:17,983 --> 00:15:19,752 SOMETHING WE'RE TRYING TO DO TO 430 00:15:19,752 --> 00:15:21,553 MEASURE WHAT DARK MATTER IS AND 431 00:15:21,553 --> 00:15:22,421 WHERE IT IS. 432 00:15:22,421 --> 00:15:24,223 ONE OF THE THINGS WE DO IS WE 433 00:15:24,223 --> 00:15:26,325 GET -- WE HAVE A THEORY AS TO 434 00:15:26,325 --> 00:15:27,927 WHAT DARK MATTER COULD BE. 435 00:15:27,927 --> 00:15:30,963 IF DARK MATTER IS A WEEKLY 436 00:15:30,963 --> 00:15:32,231 INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLE, IT 437 00:15:32,231 --> 00:15:35,534 COULD ANNIHILATE TOGETHER IN THE 438 00:15:35,534 --> 00:15:37,036 UNIVERSE THEREFORE FORMING OTHER 439 00:15:37,036 --> 00:15:38,237 KINDS OF MATTER THAT WE COULD 440 00:15:38,237 --> 00:15:41,740 ACTUALLY OBSERVE LIKE PHOTONS. 441 00:15:41,740 --> 00:15:44,877 THIS IS ONE OF THE WAYS THAT THE 442 00:15:44,877 --> 00:15:46,912 GAMMA OBSERVATORY SEARCHES FOR 443 00:15:46,912 --> 00:15:48,981 DARK MATTER. 444 00:15:48,981 --> 00:15:50,382 >> WE MOSTLY UNDERSTAND WHAT IT 445 00:15:50,382 --> 00:15:52,318 IS BY LOOKING AT HOW IT AFFECTS 446 00:15:52,318 --> 00:15:53,352 EVERYTHING ELSE IN THE UNIVERSE 447 00:15:53,352 --> 00:15:54,987 AND THE UNIVERSE AS A WHOLE. 448 00:15:54,987 --> 00:15:57,089 DARK ENERGY HAS A REPULSIVE 449 00:15:57,089 --> 00:15:57,389 EFFECT. 450 00:15:57,389 --> 00:15:58,857 IT PUSHES EVERYTHING AWAY FROM 451 00:15:58,857 --> 00:15:59,425 EVERYTHING ELSE. 452 00:15:59,425 --> 00:16:01,427 IT PUSHES SPACE AWAY FROM ITSELF 453 00:16:01,427 --> 00:16:10,569 AND ALL THE GALAXIES AND WE WANT 454 00:16:10,569 --> 00:16:12,104 TO UNDERSTAND WHY IT'S DOING 455 00:16:12,104 --> 00:16:14,373 THAT AND WHAT IT'S GOING TO DO 456 00:16:14,373 --> 00:16:15,541 TO US IN THE FUTURE. 457 00:16:15,541 --> 00:16:16,475 >> YOU'RE TELLING ME THAT DARK 458 00:16:16,475 --> 00:16:18,043 ENERGY IS EXPANDING THE UNIVERSE 459 00:16:18,043 --> 00:16:19,611 AND THE DARK MATTER IS PULLING 460 00:16:19,611 --> 00:16:20,079 IT TOGETHER. 461 00:16:20,079 --> 00:16:21,880 THAT SOUNDS KIND OF 462 00:16:21,880 --> 00:16:23,248 CONTRADICTORY TO EACH OTHER. 463 00:16:23,248 --> 00:16:23,749 >> EXACTLY. 464 00:16:23,749 --> 00:16:25,317 DARK MATTER JUST LIKE REGULAR 465 00:16:25,317 --> 00:16:27,419 MATTER IS AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE. 466 00:16:27,419 --> 00:16:30,456 SO IT INTERACTS VIA GRAVITY BY 467 00:16:30,456 --> 00:16:31,490 PULLING THINGS TOGETHER. 468 00:16:31,490 --> 00:16:32,658 >> WHEN THE UNIVERSE WAS VERY, 469 00:16:32,658 --> 00:16:34,793 VERY YOUNG, DARK ENERGY WAS 470 00:16:34,793 --> 00:16:35,761 INSIGNIFICANT AND DARK MATTER 471 00:16:35,761 --> 00:16:36,495 WAS MORE IMPORTANT. 472 00:16:36,495 --> 00:16:38,197 SO THE UNIVERSE WAS EXPANDING 473 00:16:38,197 --> 00:16:40,032 AFTER THE BIG BANG AND THE DARK 474 00:16:40,032 --> 00:16:43,569 MATTER'S GRAVITY PULLED IT BACK 475 00:16:43,569 --> 00:16:44,203 IN. 476 00:16:44,203 --> 00:16:46,772 THAT WORKED FOR ABOUT 8 BILLION 477 00:16:46,772 --> 00:16:49,274 YEARS OR SO AND VERBALLY DARK 478 00:16:49,274 --> 00:16:51,343 ENERGY BECAME MORE IMPORTANT AND 479 00:16:51,343 --> 00:16:52,878 MORE DOMINANT AND STARTED TO 480 00:16:52,878 --> 00:16:54,046 ACCELERATE THE UNIVERSE AGAIN. 481 00:16:54,046 --> 00:16:56,982 SO THE UNIVERSE'S EXPANSION HAS 482 00:16:56,982 --> 00:16:58,484 BEEN SPEEDING UP AS IT GOES. 483 00:16:58,484 --> 00:16:59,852 >> DARK ENERGY IN THE LEAD. 484 00:16:59,852 --> 00:17:00,753 >> IT IS FOR RIGHT NOW. 485 00:17:00,753 --> 00:17:02,054 WHAT WE DON'T KNOW IS WHETHER 486 00:17:02,054 --> 00:17:02,988 DARK ENERGY CONTINUES IN THE 487 00:17:02,988 --> 00:17:04,723 LEAD OR WHETHER IT CHANGES. 488 00:17:04,723 --> 00:17:07,659 WE BELIEVE THAT THE SIMPLEST 489 00:17:07,659 --> 00:17:08,727 EXPLANATION IS SOMETHING THAT IS 490 00:17:08,727 --> 00:17:11,964 CONSTANT EVERYWHERE IN SPACE AND 491 00:17:11,964 --> 00:17:13,832 ALL TIMES AND AS THE SOON VERSE 492 00:17:13,832 --> 00:17:16,168 GETS BIGGER THERE IS MORE DARK 493 00:17:16,168 --> 00:17:17,036 ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE. 494 00:17:17,036 --> 00:17:18,470 BUT WE COULD BE SEEING AN EFFECT 495 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:21,573 THAT ACTUALLY IS DIFFERENT WITH 496 00:17:21,573 --> 00:17:22,808 SPACE AND TIME AND IT COULD BE 497 00:17:22,808 --> 00:17:24,443 THAT IT A HE EVOLVING AND 498 00:17:24,443 --> 00:17:26,045 UNIVERSE MIGHT ACCELERATE MORE 499 00:17:26,045 --> 00:17:26,945 OR LESS. 500 00:17:26,945 --> 00:17:28,313 WE HAVE TO LOOK BACK IN TIME TO 501 00:17:28,313 --> 00:17:29,715 UNDERSTAND WHAT HAS HAPPENED SO 502 00:17:29,715 --> 00:17:31,517 THAT WE KNOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN. 503 00:17:31,517 --> 00:17:33,919 >> IT'S ALL SO CONFUSING. 504 00:17:33,919 --> 00:17:36,088 LET'S MOVING TO THE ASK NASA 505 00:17:36,088 --> 00:17:38,123 SEGMENT WHERE WE GET TO ANSWER 506 00:17:38,123 --> 00:17:39,792 QUESTIONS SENT IN BY YOU. 507 00:17:39,792 --> 00:17:41,293 IF YOU WANT YOUR QUESTIONS 508 00:17:41,293 --> 00:17:50,969 ANSWERED BY REGINA OR DOMINIC 509 00:17:50,969 --> 00:17:58,977 ASK TO ASK NASA. 510 00:17:58,977 --> 00:18:00,813 >> ELIZABETH ON TWITTER WANTS TO 511 00:18:00,813 --> 00:18:02,081 KNOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE 512 00:18:02,081 --> 00:18:03,782 FUTURE OF THE UNIVERSE IN 513 00:18:03,782 --> 00:18:05,551 REGARDS TO DARK ENERGY AND DARK 514 00:18:05,551 --> 00:18:06,118 MATTER? 515 00:18:06,118 --> 00:18:09,688 >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 516 00:18:09,688 --> 00:18:10,756 I WISH WE KNEW THE ANSWER. 517 00:18:10,756 --> 00:18:12,157 THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS WHY 518 00:18:12,157 --> 00:18:13,892 WE'RE LAUNCHING NEW TELESCOPES 519 00:18:13,892 --> 00:18:15,127 TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT'S 520 00:18:15,127 --> 00:18:16,528 GOING TO HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE OF 521 00:18:16,528 --> 00:18:16,929 THE UNIVERSE. 522 00:18:16,929 --> 00:18:17,463 >> THAT'S TRUE. 523 00:18:17,463 --> 00:18:19,031 WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IS GOING TO 524 00:18:19,031 --> 00:18:19,331 HAPPEN. 525 00:18:19,331 --> 00:18:21,433 BUT WE KNOW WHICH KINDS OF 526 00:18:21,433 --> 00:18:22,301 SCENARIOS ARE POSSIBLE. 527 00:18:22,301 --> 00:18:24,503 IF DARK MATTER ENDS UP BEING THE 528 00:18:24,503 --> 00:18:25,737 DOMINANT COMPONENT OF THE 529 00:18:25,737 --> 00:18:27,706 UNIVERSE THEN THAT ACCELERATION 530 00:18:27,706 --> 00:18:29,741 I SPOKE OF WILL REVERSE AND 531 00:18:29,741 --> 00:18:32,177 EVENTUALLY IT WILL COME BACK. 532 00:18:32,177 --> 00:18:35,714 IT IF IS IMPERFECTLY IMBALANCED 533 00:18:35,714 --> 00:18:37,516 IT EXPANDS FOREVER BUT EXPANDS 534 00:18:37,516 --> 00:18:39,551 MORE AND MORE SLOWLY AS UNIVERSE 535 00:18:39,551 --> 00:18:39,985 AGES. 536 00:18:39,985 --> 00:18:40,719 ON THE OTHER HAND, IF DARK 537 00:18:40,719 --> 00:18:42,154 ENERGY THE PART THAT WINS AND IF 538 00:18:42,154 --> 00:18:44,289 IT IS ACCELERATING IT FASTER AND 539 00:18:44,289 --> 00:18:45,858 FASTER WITH TIME THEN EVENTUALLY 540 00:18:45,858 --> 00:18:47,559 IT TEARS APART THE UNIVERSE AND 541 00:18:47,559 --> 00:18:50,229 THE GALAXIES AND THEN THE SOLAR 542 00:18:50,229 --> 00:18:51,230 SYSTEMS AND THEN THE PLANET ALL 543 00:18:51,230 --> 00:18:52,965 THE WAY DOWN TO THE ATOMS UNTIL 544 00:18:52,965 --> 00:18:54,933 IT RIPS APART SPACE ITSELF. 545 00:18:54,933 --> 00:18:56,135 WE A GREAT NAME FOR IT. 546 00:18:56,135 --> 00:18:59,037 WE CALL THIS THE BIG RIP. 547 00:18:59,037 --> 00:19:00,506 THEN IN THE OTHER DIRECTION 548 00:19:00,506 --> 00:19:01,907 WHERE IT GOES THE OTHER WAY THE 549 00:19:01,907 --> 00:19:04,009 BIG CRUNCH WHERE EVERYTHING HE 550 00:19:04,009 --> 00:19:07,212 NESTLES BACK DOWN INTO A 551 00:19:07,212 --> 00:19:09,615 SINGULARITY WHERE IT'S THE END 552 00:19:09,615 --> 00:19:10,415 OF SOMETIME. 553 00:19:10,415 --> 00:19:14,219 THIS WON'T HAPPEN TENS OF 554 00:19:14,219 --> 00:19:14,953 MILLIONS OF YEARS. 555 00:19:14,953 --> 00:19:17,990 SO DON'T WORRY. 556 00:19:17,990 --> 00:19:19,324 >> JESSE WANTS TO KNOW ON 557 00:19:19,324 --> 00:19:21,059 FACEBOOK, IF THE UNIVERSE IS 558 00:19:21,059 --> 00:19:23,562 EXPANDING WHAT IS IT EXPANDING 559 00:19:23,562 --> 00:19:24,263 INTO? 560 00:19:24,263 --> 00:19:26,665 WHAT'S ON THE OTHER SIDE? 561 00:19:26,665 --> 00:19:27,566 >> THIS IS A QUESTION WE LOVE TO 562 00:19:27,566 --> 00:19:28,500 GET. 563 00:19:28,500 --> 00:19:30,102 IT'S GOOD THAT JESSE ASKED THAT 564 00:19:30,102 --> 00:19:31,270 BECAUSE IT GIVES US AN 565 00:19:31,270 --> 00:19:32,304 OPPORTUNITY TO TRY TO ANSWER 566 00:19:32,304 --> 00:19:34,806 SOMETHING THAT'S DIFFICULT TO 567 00:19:34,806 --> 00:19:35,340 CONCEPTUALIZE. 568 00:19:35,340 --> 00:19:37,976 I WOULD SUGGEST BY SAYING IT'S 569 00:19:37,976 --> 00:19:40,012 NOT EXPANDING INTO ANYTHING. 570 00:19:40,012 --> 00:19:42,814 IT'S AN EXPANSION OF SPACE AS 571 00:19:42,814 --> 00:19:44,516 SPACE EXPANDS IT'S PUSHING AWAY 572 00:19:44,516 --> 00:19:47,152 FROM ITSELF BUT IT'S EVERYWHERE. 573 00:19:47,152 --> 00:19:48,253 EVERY PART OF SPACE IS MOVE 574 00:19:48,253 --> 00:19:51,190 APART. 575 00:19:51,190 --> 00:19:55,294 >> I SO WANT TO KNOW, WE KNOW 576 00:19:55,294 --> 00:19:57,963 SOME STUFF ABOUT DARK MATTER AND 577 00:19:57,963 --> 00:19:58,497 DARK ENERGY. 578 00:19:58,497 --> 00:19:59,698 WHAT'S IN THE WORKS IN THE 579 00:19:59,698 --> 00:20:00,065 FUTURE? 580 00:20:00,065 --> 00:20:01,233 >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 581 00:20:01,233 --> 00:20:02,701 SO, ONE OF THE BIG QUESTIONS 582 00:20:02,701 --> 00:20:05,103 THAT WE TRY TO ANSWER IS HOW DO 583 00:20:05,103 --> 00:20:06,004 WE UNDERSTAND THESE QUESTIONS 584 00:20:06,004 --> 00:20:08,607 THAT WE KNOW EXIST BUT WE DON'T 585 00:20:08,607 --> 00:20:10,809 QUITE HAVE ALL THE ANSWERS YET 586 00:20:10,809 --> 00:20:13,812 FOR AND THAT'S BY DEVELOPING NEW 587 00:20:13,812 --> 00:20:15,180 TELESCOPES AND WAYS OF STUDYING 588 00:20:15,180 --> 00:20:15,480 THEM. 589 00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:17,983 I WORK ON FUTURE GAMMA RAY 590 00:20:17,983 --> 00:20:19,051 MISSIONS TO TRY TO LOOK FOR 591 00:20:19,051 --> 00:20:23,188 EVIDENCE OF DARK MATTER EYE 592 00:20:23,188 --> 00:20:24,256 ANNIHILATION IN THE UNIVERSE AND 593 00:20:24,256 --> 00:20:25,591 THAT'S ONE WAY OF UNDERSTANDING 594 00:20:25,591 --> 00:20:26,291 WHAT IT IS. 595 00:20:26,291 --> 00:20:27,859 >> YOU WORKED ON ONE OF THE 596 00:20:27,859 --> 00:20:29,061 PRIME TOOLS THAT WE HAVE RIGHT 597 00:20:29,061 --> 00:20:32,631 NOW FOR MEASURING DARK MATTER 598 00:20:32,631 --> 00:20:34,366 AND ONE OF THE TOOLS RIGHT NOW 599 00:20:34,366 --> 00:20:36,001 WE HAVE IS HUBBLE SPACE 600 00:20:36,001 --> 00:20:37,236 TELESCOPE BUT I WORK ON A 601 00:20:37,236 --> 00:20:38,770 MISSION CALLED WFIRST WHICH IS 602 00:20:38,770 --> 00:20:42,674 PLANNED ON PLANNED ON TAKING IT 603 00:20:42,674 --> 00:20:43,842 A STEP FURTHER. 604 00:20:43,842 --> 00:20:48,580 MAKES PICTURES 100 TIMES FASTER 605 00:20:48,580 --> 00:20:50,349 AND 1,000 TIMES FASTER AS IT 606 00:20:50,349 --> 00:20:54,353 PULLS GALAXY TOGETHER AND 607 00:20:54,353 --> 00:20:55,387 SCHEDULED TO LAUNCH IN THE 608 00:20:55,387 --> 00:20:57,289 MIDDLE OF NEXT DECADE AND 609 00:20:57,289 --> 00:20:58,890 PROVIDE A LOT OF DATA WE NEED TO 610 00:20:58,890 --> 00:20:59,524 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. 611 00:20:59,524 --> 00:21:01,193 >> A LOT TO LOOK FORWARD TO. 612 00:21:01,193 --> 00:21:03,962 BACK TO YOUR ASK NASA QUESTIONS. 613 00:21:03,962 --> 00:21:05,464 BONNIE WALKER ON FACEBOOK ASKS, 614 00:21:05,464 --> 00:21:07,966 HOW CAN YOU TELL DARK MATTER OR 615 00:21:07,966 --> 00:21:09,635 ENERGY FROM LIGHT? 616 00:21:09,635 --> 00:21:12,037 IT'S AN INTERESTING QUESTION. 617 00:21:12,037 --> 00:21:13,572 >> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION. 618 00:21:13,572 --> 00:21:16,508 LIGHT IS ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL 619 00:21:16,508 --> 00:21:21,079 FORCES OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES 620 00:21:21,079 --> 00:21:21,747 THE UNIVERSE. 621 00:21:21,747 --> 00:21:23,215 THEY INTERACT WITH LIGHT. 622 00:21:23,215 --> 00:21:26,418 AND SO, DARK MATTER SOMEWHAT 623 00:21:26,418 --> 00:21:28,086 UNIQUELY DOESN'T INTERACT WITH 624 00:21:28,086 --> 00:21:28,553 LIGHT. 625 00:21:28,553 --> 00:21:30,022 AT LEAST THAT'S WHY WE CAN'T SEE 626 00:21:30,022 --> 00:21:30,255 IT. 627 00:21:30,255 --> 00:21:33,091 SO THE ONLY WAY THAT WE CAN TELL 628 00:21:33,091 --> 00:21:35,060 THAT DARK MATTER THERE IS BY 629 00:21:35,060 --> 00:21:39,131 LOOKING AT HOW IT EFFECTS THINGS 630 00:21:39,131 --> 00:21:39,564 GRAVITATIONALLY. 631 00:21:39,564 --> 00:21:41,767 WHEN WE LOOK AT A GALAXY WE CAN 632 00:21:41,767 --> 00:21:44,403 SEE THAT THERE'S SOME MATTER 633 00:21:44,403 --> 00:21:48,073 THERE, BUT WE CAN'T ACTUALLY SEE 634 00:21:48,073 --> 00:21:49,908 THE MATTER ITSELF LIKE WE WOULD 635 00:21:49,908 --> 00:21:51,310 WITH OUR EYES OR TELESCOPE. 636 00:21:51,310 --> 00:21:52,678 AND SO THAT'S HOW WE KNOW 637 00:21:52,678 --> 00:21:53,912 THERE'S SOMETHING THERE. 638 00:21:53,912 --> 00:21:55,547 WE JUST CAN'T SEE IT AND THAT'S 639 00:21:55,547 --> 00:21:57,049 HOW WE KNOW IT DOESN'T INTERACT 640 00:21:57,049 --> 00:21:57,549 WITH LIGHT. 641 00:21:57,549 --> 00:21:59,251 AT LEAST NOT IN A WAY THAT WE 642 00:21:59,251 --> 00:22:02,554 UNDERSTAND. 643 00:22:02,554 --> 00:22:03,822 >> I'M AFRAID WE HAVE COME TO 644 00:22:03,822 --> 00:22:04,690 THE END OF THE TIME HERE. I 645 00:22:04,690 --> 00:22:06,692 WANT TO THANK YOU BOTH SO MUCH 646 00:22:06,692 --> 00:22:07,726 FOR JOIN US TODAY. 647 00:22:07,726 --> 00:22:09,861 QUITE AN ENLIGHTENING 648 00:22:09,861 --> 00:22:11,229 CONVERSATION. 649 00:22:11,229 --> 00:22:12,564 ALWAYS A TERRIFYING 650 00:22:12,564 --> 00:22:13,065 CONVERSATION. 651 00:22:13,065 --> 00:22:14,666 IF YOU AT HOME WANT TO LEARN 652 00:22:14,666 --> 00:22:16,668 MORE ABOUT DARK MATTER AND DARK 653 00:22:16,668 --> 00:22:18,470 ENERGY GOOGLE IT OR GO TO 654 00:22:18,470 --> 00:22:23,642 NASA.GOV AND SEARCH THE SPOOKY 655 00:22:23,642 --> 00:22:24,276 SCIENTIST. 656 00:22:24,276 --> 00:22:25,577 FOR OUR NEXT SEGMENT WE'LL 657 00:22:25,577 --> 00:22:28,980 TRAVEL ACROSS THE CONTINENT AND 658 00:22:28,980 --> 00:22:31,817 NASA SCIENTIST MORGAN CABLE WILL 659 00:22:31,817 --> 00:22:34,453 USE US TO THE CREEPY SOUNDS WE 660 00:22:34,453 --> 00:22:36,054 CAPTURED IN OUR OWN SOLAR 661 00:22:36,054 --> 00:22:36,588 SYSTEM. 662 00:22:36,588 --> 00:22:38,290 MY GOOD FRIEND THALIA IS THERE 663 00:22:38,290 --> 00:22:39,191 WITH MORGAN. 664 00:22:39,191 --> 00:22:39,858 OFF TO YOU. 665 00:22:39,858 --> 00:22:42,961 TAKE IT AWAY. 666 00:22:42,961 --> 00:22:44,663 >> SO I AM BOOK HERE WITH 667 00:22:44,663 --> 00:22:49,267 DR. MORGAN CABLE, NASA SCIENTIST 668 00:22:49,267 --> 00:22:51,570 WHO WORKED ON THE CASSINI 669 00:22:51,570 --> 00:22:52,070 MISSION. 670 00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:54,172 LET'S TALK ABOUT THE SPOOKY 671 00:22:54,172 --> 00:22:57,709 SOUNDS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 672 00:22:57,709 --> 00:22:58,977 I UNDERSTAND WE HAVE RECORDED 673 00:22:58,977 --> 00:23:00,846 SOME OF THEM AND WE CAN HE HEAR 674 00:23:00,846 --> 00:23:01,646 THEM TODAY? 675 00:23:01,646 --> 00:23:02,881 >> I WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO BE PART 676 00:23:02,881 --> 00:23:04,516 OF THE CASSINI MISSION WHICH WAS 677 00:23:04,516 --> 00:23:09,020 IN THE SATURN FOR 13 YEARS 678 00:23:09,020 --> 00:23:11,423 STUDYING ITS MOONS AND RINGS TO 679 00:23:11,423 --> 00:23:13,458 SOME BEAUTIFUL IMAGES WE 680 00:23:13,458 --> 00:23:15,127 COLLECTED EERIE SOUNDS FROM THE 681 00:23:15,127 --> 00:23:16,027 SATURN SYSTEM. 682 00:23:16,027 --> 00:23:16,561 >> WONDERFUL. 683 00:23:16,561 --> 00:23:18,363 WILL WE GET TO HEAR TODAY? 684 00:23:18,363 --> 00:23:19,264 >> YES, WE WILL. 685 00:23:19,264 --> 00:23:20,365 I THINK WE HAVE TWO DIFFERENT 686 00:23:20,365 --> 00:23:21,566 SOUNDS THAT WE'LL BE LISTENING 687 00:23:21,566 --> 00:23:22,634 TO TODAY. 688 00:23:22,634 --> 00:23:25,871 >> WHY DON'T WE LISTEN TO THE 689 00:23:25,871 --> 00:23:27,572 FIRST ONE. 690 00:23:27,572 --> 00:23:38,483 (EERIE SOUND) 691 00:23:38,483 --> 00:23:39,351 >> MY GOODNESS. 692 00:23:39,351 --> 00:23:40,619 THAT WAS A TERRIFYING SOUND. 693 00:23:40,619 --> 00:23:41,787 CAN YOU TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT 694 00:23:41,787 --> 00:23:42,554 WHAT WE HEARD? 695 00:23:42,554 --> 00:23:45,257 >> THAT WAS CRAZY, HUH? 696 00:23:45,257 --> 00:23:46,591 YOU MIGHT OF HEARD WHAT SOUNDED 697 00:23:46,591 --> 00:23:48,260 LIKE A SCREAMING INFRASTRUCTURE 698 00:23:48,260 --> 00:23:51,563 NOW YOU SAY THERE IS NO SOUND. 699 00:23:51,563 --> 00:23:52,330 CASSINI COULD. 700 00:23:52,330 --> 00:23:54,232 SO THERE'S A SCREAMING SOUND AND 701 00:23:54,232 --> 00:23:55,767 THIS SWOOPING SOUND. 702 00:23:55,767 --> 00:23:57,469 LET'S TALK ABOUT HOW OF THESE 703 00:23:57,469 --> 00:23:57,769 FORMED. 704 00:23:57,769 --> 00:23:59,337 THIS HAPPENED WHEN CASSINI WAS 705 00:23:59,337 --> 00:24:01,440 NEAR SATURN AND THIS WAS DURING 706 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:05,143 THE TIME WHEN SATURN'S AURORA 707 00:24:05,143 --> 00:24:09,581 WAS REALLY ACTIVE. 708 00:24:09,581 --> 00:24:11,650 AURORAS FORM FROM -- IT ACTUALLY 709 00:24:11,650 --> 00:24:12,851 STARTS IN THE SUN. 710 00:24:12,851 --> 00:24:14,152 THE SUN IN ADDITION TO 711 00:24:14,152 --> 00:24:15,654 GENERATING LOTS OF LIGHT SPEWS 712 00:24:15,654 --> 00:24:17,189 ALL SORTS OF CHARGED PARTICLES 713 00:24:17,189 --> 00:24:19,157 IN WHAT'S CALLED THE SOLAR WIND. 714 00:24:19,157 --> 00:24:20,625 WHEN THOSE PARTICLES COME AND 715 00:24:20,625 --> 00:24:23,295 INTERACT WITH GASES IN THE 716 00:24:23,295 --> 00:24:26,131 ATMOSPHERE OF EARTH OR SATURN 717 00:24:26,131 --> 00:24:28,333 SOME OF THE GASES CAN GET 718 00:24:28,333 --> 00:24:30,469 EXCITED AND GLOW. 719 00:24:30,469 --> 00:24:32,804 IN THE EARTH'S CASE IT'S USUALLY 720 00:24:32,804 --> 00:24:34,272 OXYGEN AND IT CAUSES THE 721 00:24:34,272 --> 00:24:36,408 BEAUTIFUL AURORA IN THE NORTHERN 722 00:24:36,408 --> 00:24:37,242 REGIONS. 723 00:24:37,242 --> 00:24:42,547 IN SATELLITE IT'S HYDROGEN. 724 00:24:42,547 --> 00:24:44,382 DURING THIS TIME SATURN IS 725 00:24:44,382 --> 00:24:45,584 ACTIVE IN TERMS OF ITS RADIO 726 00:24:45,584 --> 00:24:46,885 EMISSIONS AND THAT'S WHAT WE ARE 727 00:24:46,885 --> 00:24:47,919 HEARING. 728 00:24:47,919 --> 00:24:49,621 IF YOU WERE LISTENING YOU 729 00:24:49,621 --> 00:24:51,022 WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO HEAR 730 00:24:51,022 --> 00:24:51,356 ANYTHING. 731 00:24:51,356 --> 00:24:52,624 WE HAD TO SHIFT THE SOUND IN 732 00:24:52,624 --> 00:24:54,993 ORDER FOR US TO BE ABLE TO HEAR 733 00:24:54,993 --> 00:24:56,428 IT WITH OUR OWN EARS. 734 00:24:56,428 --> 00:24:59,030 BUT SATURN'S EARS WERE ABLE TO 735 00:24:59,030 --> 00:24:59,431 PICK IT UP. 736 00:24:59,431 --> 00:25:01,733 WHAT YOU ARE HEARING IS SOME OF 737 00:25:01,733 --> 00:25:02,801 THE ELECTRONS THAT COME IN IN 738 00:25:02,801 --> 00:25:04,302 AND GET TRAPPED BY THE GIANT 739 00:25:04,302 --> 00:25:05,670 STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD. 740 00:25:05,670 --> 00:25:08,273 IF THEY MOVE ALONG THE MAGNETIC 741 00:25:08,273 --> 00:25:10,475 FIELD LINES THEN THEY FORM THAT 742 00:25:10,475 --> 00:25:11,576 HISSING, SCREAMING SOUND THAT 743 00:25:11,576 --> 00:25:12,310 THEY'RE HEARING. 744 00:25:12,310 --> 00:25:14,980 BUT SOME OF THOSE ELECTRONS ARE 745 00:25:14,980 --> 00:25:16,414 MOVING SIDEWAYS AND THEY GET 746 00:25:16,414 --> 00:25:19,951 KICKED OUT OF SATURN AND THAT'S 747 00:25:19,951 --> 00:25:21,052 THAT WHOOPING SOUND THAT YOU 748 00:25:21,052 --> 00:25:21,553 HEARD. 749 00:25:21,553 --> 00:25:23,788 >> VERY INTERESTING. 750 00:25:23,788 --> 00:25:25,657 DO OUR OWN AURORAS MAKE ANY 751 00:25:25,657 --> 00:25:26,258 SOUND? 752 00:25:26,258 --> 00:25:27,893 >> THEY DO ALTHOUGH YOU CAN'T 753 00:25:27,893 --> 00:25:28,827 HEAR IT FROM EARTH. 754 00:25:28,827 --> 00:25:31,296 YOU HAVE TO BE DEEP IN SPACE. 755 00:25:31,296 --> 00:25:35,133 IT'S CALLED OR AURORAL 756 00:25:35,133 --> 00:25:44,476 KILOMETRIC RADIATION. 757 00:25:44,476 --> 00:25:46,044 >> LET'S HEAR THE NEXT SOUND 758 00:25:46,044 --> 00:25:48,213 THAT YOU HAVE FOR US. 759 00:25:48,213 --> 00:25:59,758 (STRANGE SOUNDS) 760 00:25:59,758 --> 00:26:01,493 >> WHY DON'T YOU TELL US WHAT 761 00:26:01,493 --> 00:26:02,394 THAT SOUNDED LIKE. 762 00:26:02,394 --> 00:26:04,663 THAT SOUNDED CRAZY. 763 00:26:04,663 --> 00:26:06,498 >> THIS ONE IS CREEPY AND SAD TO 764 00:26:06,498 --> 00:26:08,033 ME PAUSE THIS HAPPENED TWO WEEKS 765 00:26:08,033 --> 00:26:10,735 BEFORE CASSINI'S FINAL GRAND 766 00:26:10,735 --> 00:26:12,671 FINALE PLUNGE INTO SATURN. 767 00:26:12,671 --> 00:26:14,472 SO THIS HAPPENED WHEN CASSINI 768 00:26:14,472 --> 00:26:16,508 WAS GOING BY ONE OF SATURN'S 769 00:26:16,508 --> 00:26:17,642 MOONS. 770 00:26:17,642 --> 00:26:19,911 TURNS OUT THAT SATURN'S MAGNETIC 771 00:26:19,911 --> 00:26:21,279 FIELD IS SO BIG A LOT OF THE 772 00:26:21,279 --> 00:26:24,215 MOONS OF SATURN'S SYSTEM FIT 773 00:26:24,215 --> 00:26:25,450 INSIDE OF IT. 774 00:26:25,450 --> 00:26:27,285 IT'S ONE OF MY FAVORITE PLACES. 775 00:26:27,285 --> 00:26:29,020 IT'S GOT A LIQUID WATER OCEAN 776 00:26:29,020 --> 00:26:30,689 AND SPEWING SOME OF THOSE 777 00:26:30,689 --> 00:26:33,425 MOLECULES INTO SPACE VIA THESE 778 00:26:33,425 --> 00:26:33,692 PLUME. 779 00:26:33,692 --> 00:26:35,026 WHEN THEY GET THERE THEY CAN 780 00:26:35,026 --> 00:26:36,494 INTERACT WITH THINGS LIKE THE 781 00:26:36,494 --> 00:26:38,096 SOLAR WIND AND SOMETIMES WHEN 782 00:26:38,096 --> 00:26:40,198 SOME OF THOSE MOLECULES GET HIT 783 00:26:40,198 --> 00:26:42,434 BY A PROTON THEY'LL PICK UP A 784 00:26:42,434 --> 00:26:44,035 CHARGE AND BECOME WHAT WE CALL 785 00:26:44,035 --> 00:26:44,703 IONS. 786 00:26:44,703 --> 00:26:47,272 WHEN THAT HAPPENS, NOW SATURN'S 787 00:26:47,272 --> 00:26:48,740 MAGNETIC FIELD CAN GRAB ONTO 788 00:26:48,740 --> 00:26:50,942 THEM AND PULL THEM IN LIKE A 789 00:26:50,942 --> 00:26:52,010 TRACTOR BEAM. 790 00:26:52,010 --> 00:26:56,047 AND WHEN THAT HAPPENS IT FORMS A 791 00:26:56,047 --> 00:26:57,716 FLUX TUBE AND WHAT YOU ARE 792 00:26:57,716 --> 00:26:59,417 HEARING IN THAT SOUND IS CASSINI 793 00:26:59,417 --> 00:27:01,720 ACTUALLY FLYING THROUGH THAT 794 00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:03,288 FLUX TUBE. THAT'S WHY YOU COULD 795 00:27:03,288 --> 00:27:06,791 HEAR IT GO UP AND THEN GO DOWN. 796 00:27:06,791 --> 00:27:08,293 >> CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT YOUR 797 00:27:08,293 --> 00:27:09,227 COSTUME TODAY? 798 00:27:09,227 --> 00:27:12,297 >> MY COSTUME, SOME FELLOW 799 00:27:12,297 --> 00:27:17,969 HUMANS IT'S QUITE CONVINCING. 800 00:27:17,969 --> 00:27:18,803 IS IT FLIPPING? 801 00:27:18,803 --> 00:27:19,504 IS IT OKAY? 802 00:27:19,504 --> 00:27:21,139 >> YOU COULD PROBABLY ADJUST IT. 803 00:27:21,139 --> 00:27:22,040 >> DON'T TELL ANYONE. 804 00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:24,009 >> I WON'T. 805 00:27:24,009 --> 00:27:25,310 >> ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU GUYS SO 806 00:27:25,310 --> 00:27:28,480 MUCH FOR JOINING MORGAN AND I. 807 00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:30,015 WE'LL BE HEADING BACK TO THE 808 00:27:30,015 --> 00:27:30,849 STUDIO WITH SCOTT. 809 00:27:30,849 --> 00:27:34,152 >> INCH THAT MORGAN AND THALIA. 810 00:27:34,152 --> 00:27:35,320 I'LL BE SLEEPING WITH THE LIGHTS 811 00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:35,887 ON TONIGHT. 812 00:27:35,887 --> 00:27:37,756 IF YOU OR A LOVED ONE WANT TO 813 00:27:37,756 --> 00:27:40,525 HEAR CREEPY SPACE SOUNDS GO TO 814 00:27:40,525 --> 00:27:47,499 GO.NASA.GOV/SPOOKYSPACESOUNDS. 815 00:27:47,499 --> 00:27:49,300 BEFORE WE SAY FAREWELL, LET'S GO 816 00:27:49,300 --> 00:27:50,669 AND SEE WHICH PHOTO IS IN THE 817 00:27:50,669 --> 00:27:52,303 LEAD FOR THE SCARIEST IMAGE IN 818 00:27:52,303 --> 00:27:53,738 OUR UNIVERSE CONTEST. 819 00:27:53,738 --> 00:27:55,740 JUST TO RECAP YOUR OPTIONS WERE, 820 00:27:55,740 --> 00:27:58,643 THE SKULL ASTEROID AND WITCH 821 00:27:58,643 --> 00:28:01,246 HEAD NEBULA AND COFFIN SPACED 822 00:28:01,246 --> 00:28:04,115 ICEBERG AND SPICY JACK-O-LANTERN 823 00:28:04,115 --> 00:28:04,616 SUN. 824 00:28:04,616 --> 00:28:07,052 SO FAR THE LEAD IS THE 825 00:28:07,052 --> 00:28:09,554 JACK-O-LANTERN SUN BUT THE POLLS 826 00:28:09,554 --> 00:28:10,288 HAVE NOT CLOSED. 827 00:28:10,288 --> 00:28:11,690 IF YOU HAVE NOT VOTED YOU HAVE 828 00:28:11,690 --> 00:28:12,824 THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE THE 829 00:28:12,824 --> 00:28:14,025 COURSE OF HISTORY. 830 00:28:14,025 --> 00:28:15,460 THIS IS ARGUABLY THE MOST 831 00:28:15,460 --> 00:28:17,228 IMPORTANT THING YOU'LL DO TODAY. 832 00:28:17,228 --> 00:28:19,164 I LOVE THE DRAMATIC PROCESS. 833 00:28:19,164 --> 00:28:20,598 AND DON'T FOR GET TO SEND US 834 00:28:20,598 --> 00:28:22,267 THOSE PHOTOS OF YOU AND YOUR 835 00:28:22,267 --> 00:28:24,669 SPACE AND SCIENCE COST TOMBS 836 00:28:24,669 --> 00:28:28,306 USING THE #NASACOSTUME. 837 00:28:28,306 --> 00:28:29,574 THAT IS ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR 838 00:28:29,574 --> 00:28:29,908 YOU TODAY. 839 00:28:29,908 --> 00:28:31,810 IT HAS BEEN A HORRIFYING 840 00:28:31,810 --> 00:28:34,779 PLEASURE EXPLORING OUR GALAXY OF 841 00:28:34,779 --> 00:28:35,780 HORRORS OF HORRORS WITH YOU AND 842 00:28:35,780 --> 00:28:37,716 I HOPE EACH AND EVERY ONE OF YOU 843 00:28:37,716 --> 00:28:39,851 HAVE A PERFECTLY TERRIFYING 844 00:28:39,851 --> 00:28:40,819 HALLOWEEN.