>> ONE OF THE WONDERFUL
CHALLENGES OF ASTRONOMY, WE HAVE
TO IMAGINE SOMETHING SO WE CAN
LOOK FOR IT.
NATURE HAS THE WAY OF BEING MORE
CREATIVE THAN WE ARE.
WE ARE SURPRISED BY WHAT WE SEE
IN THE SLIDE.
THAT IS WHY THIS TELESCOPE HAS
BEEN ATTRACTIVE.
EVERY TIME WE BUILD A BIGGER
ONE, WE SEE SOMETHING THAT WE
NEVER IMAGINED OUT.
THIS IS THE NEXT STEP IN THAT
RACE.
♪
>> HELLO.
WELCOME TO NASA SCIENCE LIVE.
AN OPPORTUNITY TO COME BEHIND
THE SCENES TO GET TO KNOW YOUR
SPACE AGENCY.
I AM YOUR HOST LESLIE GARRISON.
THIS SHOW IS ALL ABOUT YOU BEING
ABLE TO INTERACT WITH NASA
SCIENTISTS AND SUBJECT MATTER
EXPERTS TO GET YOUR QUESTIONS
ANSWERED.
VISIT US ON FACEBOOK OR TWITTER
AND ASK US QUESTIONS USING THE
HASHTAG ASK NASA OR LEAVE
QUESTIONS IN THE COMMENT BOX
WHEREVER YOU ARE WATCHING THIS
VIDEO.
TODAY, WE ARE GOING TO BE
TALKING ABOUT TELESCOPE THAT IS
LIVE LIKE A TIME MACHINE.
THE SPACE TELESCOPE THAT IS SET
TO LAUNCH INTO SPACE IN THE YEAR
2021 TO BECOME THE WORLD'S MOST
POWERFUL OF SPACE TELESCOPE AND
COMPLEX AND/OR BIT OTHER STAR
AND WILL HELP TO SOLVE MYSTERIES
OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE
PLACE THAT WE ARE IN THE
UNIVERSE.
FIRST STEP, OUR FRIEND IS GOING
TO TAKE US INSIDE THE ROOM.
SHE WAS RECENTLY AT NORTHROP
GRUMMAN IN CALIFORNIA AND FILMED
THIS BEHIND THE SCENE VIDEO FOR
YOU.
IT IS NOT OF TONE WE GET TO GO
INSIDE WITH OUR CAMERAS WHERE
SUCH A POWERFUL TELESCOPE IS
BEING BUILT, SO SIT BACK AND
ENJOY THE FIRST STOP IN OUR
JOURNEY TO UNDERSTAND THE
EXTREMELY AND TRULY
EXTRAORDINARY JAMES WEBB SPACE
TELESCOPE.
>> ALL RIGHT.
SO I GOT MY BUNNY SUIT ON WHICH
PROTECTS THE SPACE TELESCOPE
FROM PARTICLES THAT MAY COME OFF
OF ME.
WE ARE AT NORTHROP GRUMMAN IN
REDONDO BEACH AND SEE THE JAMES
WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE, SO LET'S
GO.
RIGHT NOW, WE ARE IN A HUGE
CLEAN ROOM.
LIKE EVERYONE ELSE, WE ALL GOT
ON BUNNY SUITS.
THIS IS NASA JAMES WEBB SPACE
TELESCOPE ♪
♪
♪ THIS TELESCOPE WAS ENVISIONED
SHORTLY AFTER HUBBEL'S LAUNCH TO
CONTINUE ON THE NEXT PHASE OF
QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR UNIVERSE.
♪
♪ IT IS GOING TO LOOK IN THE
SPECTRUM OF LIGHT AND SEEK THE
LIGHT OF THOSE REALLY EARLY
FORMING GALAXIES THEN TRY TO
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR
UNIVERSE.
SO WHAT WE ARE WINNING NOW IS
THE TWO MAJOR HALF OF THE
TELESCOPE BEING PUT TOGETHER.
Z WHAT IS EXCITING ABOUT WHAT IS
HAPPENING NOW.
WE ARE IN THE FINAL STAGES OF
COP INSTRUCTION, SO ABOVE US, WE
GOT THE PORTION OF THE TELESCOPE
WHICH IS JUST INTEGRATED WITH
THE OTHER BOTTOM HALF.
THE SUN SHIELD AND THE SPACE
WHICH IS JUST BELOW IT.
SO LET'S CONTINUE ON.
AND COMING ALONG THIS SIDE IS
THE MOST SPECTACULAR VIEW OF
THIS WHOLE THING BECAUSE YOU CAN
SEE THERE ARE THESE 18 GOLD
MIRRORS THEY ARE REAL GOLD.
THE REASON IS BECAUSE GOLD
REFLECTS INFRARED LIGHT THE
BEST.
♪
♪ WEBB IS GOING TO TRY TO SOLVE
THE MYSTERIES OF OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM AND LOOK TO WORLD OF LONG
DISTANCE STARS THEN LOOK AT THE
STRUCTURES THEN TRAY TO EXPLAIN
THE ORIGINS OF OUR UNIVERSE, AND
NO PROJECT LIKE THIS COULD BE
DONE ALONE, SO INTERNATIONAL
PROGRAM, THAT IS LEAD BY SPACE
WITH THE PARTNERS THE EUROPEAN
AND CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR TAKING US
INSIDE THE CLEAN ROOM, SOPHIA.
I AM IN AWE AT HOW LARGE AND
BEAUTIFUL THAT TELESCOPE REALLY
IS.
ABC LYNN CRED AM.
SO THE NEXT STOP ON THIS TOUR OF
THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE
BRINGS US BACK TO NORTHROP
GRUMMAN WHERE NASA ADMINISTRATOR
JIM BRIDENSTINE, LET'S HEAR
ABOUT WHAT IT LIKE TO SEE THE
FULLY ASSEMBLED OBSERVATORY IN
REAL LIFE.
>> HI.
I AM THE HEAD OF SCIENCE AT NASA
AND HERE WITH JIM BRIDENSTINE IN
REDONDO BEACH WITH NORTHROP
GRUMMAN AND THE SPACE TELESCOPE.
HOW DOES IT FEEL TO BE NEXT TO
THIS?
>> OH, FANTASTIC.
NO I, THE JAMES WEBB TELESCOPES
THE MOST COMPLICATED SPACECRAFT
THAT HAS EVER BEEN BUILT IN A
KNOW PEOPLE WATCHING ON TV OR ON
THE INTERNET CAN SEE IT BEHIND
US NOW.
BUY CAN ALSO TELL YOU, A PICTURE
DOES NOT DO IT JUSTICE.
WHEN YOU ARE IN THE PRESENCE OF
THE MASSIVE SPACECRAFT AND
CHANGE HOW YOU PERCEIVE HOW
COMPLEX AND IMPORTANT THIS
PARTICULAR MISSION IS.
WHAT WE'RE LOOKING AT HERE IS A
SPACECRAFT ELEMENT AND THE
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT AND NOW
THEY HAVE BEEN PUT TOGETHER,
BOTH PHYSICALLY AND ELECTRICALLY
IN A WAY THAT WAS A LOT OF RISK.
THIS IS A BIG DAY.
YOU WANT TO SAY THANK YOU TO THE
PARTNERS AT NORTHROP GRUMMAN BUT
ALL THE COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN
THE.
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT 14
DIFFERENT NATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN
INVOLVED IN PRODUCING THIS
MAGNIFICENT TELESCOPE THAT IS
GOING TO TRANSFORM HOW WE SEE
THE UNIVERSE.
YOU KNOW WHAT IS AMAZING TO ME
IS AS AN ASTRO PHYSICISTS AND
SEEING THAT FIRST GALAXIES, THE
FIRST STARS THAT ARE OUT OF THE
BEGINNING OF THE MANY GENERATION
OF STARS THAT CREATED OUR
ENVIRONMENT.
>> THAT IS THE NUMBER ONE
OBJECTIVE OUT OF THE GATE.
I MAP GIN BEING ABLE TO SEE BACK
IN TIME.
THIS IS NOT JUST LOOKING DEEP IN
SPACE.
WE ARE LOOKING BACK IN TIME.
>> ALL RIGHT.
ANOTHER ELEMENT OF THAT WILL BE
FOCUSED ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
WHAT ABOUT DO YOU THINK ABOUT
THESE?
IT IS AMAZING.
WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT WHAT GIFTS
THE AMERICAN PUBLIC ENTHUSED
ABOUT SPACE EXPLORATION OR
INSIDE HUMANITY AT LARGE.
IT IS THE IDEA WE COULD FIND
LIFE ON WORLDS THAT ARE NOT OUR
OWN.
IT HAS NEVER BEEN DONE BEFORE.
THAT IS WHAT WE'RE GOING TO BE
ABLE TO DO WITH THE JAMES WEBB
SPACE TELESCOPE AND SEE THOSE
AND MAKE ASSESSMENTS.
THERE IS WATER VAPOR THERE IS
CARBON DIOXIDE?
THAT IS EXCITING ABOUT WHAT
JAMES WEBB IS GOING TO HELP US
DO.
>> YEAH.
WE KNOW.
THAT WHEN LIFE CAME TO BE ENTIRE
ATMOSPHERE CHANGED.
>> YEAH.
>> REALLY SEEING THOSE CHANGES
HAS SOME OF THESE PLANETS THAT
ARE THROUGHOUT AND GOING TO BE
SUCH A SUPER DISCOVERY.
NOW, YOU LOOK AT THE TELESCOPE,
IT IS CLEAR TO! ONE WHO STANDS
HERE.
THIS IS COMPLICATED.
THERE IS A LOT OF PEOPLE,
THOUSANDS IN FACT WHO PUT THEIR
HEART AND ALL? THIS.
THIS IS THE MOST COMPLICATED
SPACECRAFT THAT HAS BEEN BUILT
IN HISTORY.
HUNDRED OF MOVING PARTS THAT
HAVE TO WORK WHICH IS WHY IT IS
A NUMBER UP WITH PRIORITY.
WE HAVE TO GOT THE MOVING PARTS
WORKING CORRECTLY.
THIS SPACECRAFT IS GOING TO BE
ONE MILLION MAILS FROM ETHER ON
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MOON AS A
MATTER OF FACT.
SO WHAT THAT MEANS IS WE ARE NOT
GOING TO HAVE ACCESS TO IT ONCE
IT THERE IS.
WE HAVE TO MAKE SURE IT IS RIGHT
TO THE BEGINNING.
SO ONE OF THE ELEMENTS THAT MANY
PEOPLE FORGET.
SOME OF THE TECHNOLOGIES THAT
WERE DEVELOPED HERE ALREADY HAD
IMPACT ON OUR LIVES, DO YOU KNOW
EXAMPLE OR SINK YOUR MINE?
>> YEAH.
SOME OF THE SENSORS ON THIS
SPACECRAFT HAVE BEEN USED FOR
IMPACT SURGERY AND LASIK EYE
SURGERY FOR EXAMPLE HAS
BENEFITED FROM THE TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPED ANOTHER JAMES WEBB
SPACE TELESCOPE.
THESE ARE SPIN-OFFS.
THESE ARE CAPABILITIES THAT COME
FROM THE INVEST.
THESE KIND OF ACTIVITIES ON THEN
THEY CANNOT BE DISMISSED.
>> WE RAILROAD JUST ABOUT OUT OF
TIME.
I WANT TO THANK YOU WITH MANY
REGARDS FROM REDONDO BEACH.
A YES.
THOMAS, IT HAS BEEN GREAT.
CONGRATULATIONS TO YOU AND YOUR
TEAM IN GETTING THIS FOR AND I
CANNOT WAIT TO SEE THE END
RESULT.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> THAT WAS A FASCINATING
DISCUSSION WITH DR.Z AND
ADMINISTRATOR BRIDENSTINE.
THAT WAS INTERESTING.
SO WELCOME BACK TO THE STUDIO.
I AM JOINED HERE WITH NASA
SCIENTISTS AMBER FROM NASA
GODDARD AND ENGINEER KEITH WHO
IS ALSO HERE AT NASA GODDARD WHO
IS GOING TO TELL US MORE ABOUT
THE AMAZING TELESCOPE THAT IS
BEING DESCRIBED AS TIME MACHINE.
BUT BEFORE I DIVE INTO THE
CHALLENGE IN QUESTIONS, I HAVE A
PERSONAL QUESTION TO ASK.
SO, KEITH, AMBER, WHY THE
TELESCOPE IS HERE AT GODDARD.
DID YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO
GO INSIDE OF THE CLEAN ROOM AS
SOPHIA DID AND ACTUALLY WORK
WITH OR WORK ON THE ACTUAL
TELESCOPE.
WELL NO TOUCHING.
FOR THE MOST PART.
I AM ASTROPHYSICS I AM JUST A
SCIENTIST.
AM NOT ENGINEER ACTUALLY
BUILDING THE TELESCOPE AND HAD
CHANCE TO GO INSIDE OF THE CLEAN
ROOM.
WAS INCREDIBLE.
I MEAN, IT IS HARD TO DESCRIBE
HOW BIG AND HOW BEAUTIFUL THIS
TELESCOPE IS.
I HAVE HAD A COUPLE OF CHANCES
TO PUT THE BUNNY SUIT ON AND GO
INSIDE AND GET UPCLOSE.
IT IS SPECTACULAR.
THEY ARE NOT ALLOWED TO TOUCH
THE HARD WAY, SO WE HAD A HARDLY
SKILLED TECHNICIANS THAT DO MOST
OF THAT.
I HAVE HAD THE, I HAVE HAD THE
CHANCE TO GO IN SEVERAL TIMES
WHILE THE TELESCOPE WEAR HERE,
YOU KNOW, AS WE JUST SAID, IT IS
REMARKABLE, AS YOU SAW IN THE
VIDEO, RIGHT THERE, THE CLEAN
ROOMS, OUR CONSTRUCTION SITES.
THERE IS PEOPLE EVERYWHERE T.
THERE IS WIRES AND CABLES SO TRY
NOT TO GO IN THERE UNLESS YOU
HAVE TO.
WHEN YOU DO GET GO IN THERE.
IT IS AWESOME.
I AM SURE WITHIN YOU WILL NEVER
FORGET.
ONE FOR THE CAREER JOURNALS TO
SHARE WITH THE KIDS AND SO WE
ALREADY HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO
TALK A LITTLE BIT THE ACTUAL
JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE AND WHAT
THEY WILL DO, BUT AMBER,
INQUIRING MINES WANT TO KNOW,
WHAT IS THE ACTUAL GOAL OF THIS
MISSION?
>> WELL, IT HAS A LOT OF GOALS.
AND THE GOALS ARE BROAD AND THEY
ARE BIG.
AND THEIR TELESCOPE IS DESIGNED
TO BE THE SUCCESSOR THE AMAZING
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE.
AS AWESOME AS IT IS, THERES A
LOT OF WAYS TO PUSH IT TOT THE
LIMITS.
PUSH BEYOND WHAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO DO WITH THE AMAZING
HUBBLE AND ANSWER THE BIGGEST
QUESTIONS TODAY.
WE WANT TO LOOK BACK TO SEE THE
VERY FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES
BORN IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE AND
STUDY PLANETS WITHIN OUR OWN
SOLAR SYSTEM AND PLANETS
ORBITING OTHER STARS OUTSIDE OF
THE SOLAR SYSTEM SO WE ARE
TALKING ABOUT THE IN TIRE BREATH
OF THE UNION STRESSOR THE
BACKYARD OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ALL
THE WAY OUT TO PARTS OF SPACE
THAT WE HAVE NEVER SEEN BEFORE.
>> AMAZING.
SO KEITH LET ME COME OVER TO YOU
ON THE ENGINEERING SIDE.
WHAT PART OF THIS TIME MACHINE
WILL SUPPORT THE ACTUAL SCIENCE
THAT AMBER SPOKE TO US ABOUT.
>> SURE.
THE MOST UNIQUE FEATURE ABOUT
JAMES WEBB IS THAT IT IS
EXTREMELY LARGE WITH A VERY
LARGE MAIN MIRROR AND THE OTHER
INTERESTING FEATURE THAT ENABLES
CYPRIANS IS IT IS EXTREMELY COLD
OPERATING TELESCOPE.
WE ARE TO COOL THIS TELESCOPE
DOWN TO 50 OR MINUS 380DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT FOR IT TO OPERATE AND
DETECT THE WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT
THAT THEY ARE SEEKING AND THE
INFRARED SO IT IS TRYING TO
DETECT REALLY, REALLY, REALLY,
REALLY TINY HEAT SIGNATURES FOR
FROM THE FOR AWAY OBJECTS.
WE HAVE TO GET IT COLD.
WHEN IT IS COLD.
IT DOES NOT SEE THE HEAT FROM
ITSELF.
THE TWO BIG THINGS IS IT IS
LARGE AND COLD.
>> ALL RIGHT.
YOU ARE ASTONISHED AT THE NASA
MISSIONS AND NOTHING LIKE IT.
LET'S STEP AWAY FROM SOME OF THE
QUESTIONS AND LET'S TAKE THE
QUESTIONS IN THE CUE FROM
#ASKNASA.
SO ON TWITTER ASKS WHAT
MOLECULES MIGHT THE JAMES WEB
TELESCOPE BE ABLE TOLL DETECT ON
THIS RETURN ND HOW CLEARLY COULD
THAT INDICATE LIFE OTHERWISE?
>> OH, THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
OF COURSE, ONE OF THE BIG
QUESTIONS NOT ONLY AS SCIENTISTS
BUT AS HUMANS IS THERE LIFE IN
THE UNIVERSE?
AND THIS TELESCOPE, THE WEBB
TELESCOPE IS OUR NEXT BIG STEP
ON THE JOURNEY TO TROY ANSWER
THAT QUESTION.
SO IN TERMS OF AS THIS SPECIFIC
MOLECULE THAT WE'LL DETECT IN
THE EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERE AND
LOOKING LIKE THINGS LIKE WATER
VAPOR, METHANE, AND IT IS JUST
SORT OF, IT IS GOOD LUCK THAT
THOSE TYPES OF ELEMENTS OF MOL
SCULS EXIST IN THE INFRARED PART
OF THE SPECTRUM THAT KEITH
MENTIONED ALREADY.
AND SO WE LUCKED OUT.
INFRARED TO HELP US FIND THE
AMAZING MOLECULE AND THE
EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES THAT COULD
POSSIBLY SIGNAL A PLANET THAT IS
HABITABILITY THAT IS THE NEXT
STEP IN THAT JOURNEY.
NOW, IN ORDER TO DO THAT.
IN ORDER TO DETECT A PLANET
WHERE WE CAN SAY, YES, THIS
PLANET COULD HAVE LIFE AND WE
HAVE TO GET LUCKY.
SO WE ARE NOT SAYING WE ARE
GOING TO FIND LIFE WITH THIS
TELESCOPE BUT WE CAN SAY THIS
TELESCOPE WILL DO AMAZING THINGS
AND EXOPLANET SCIENCE IS OUR
NEXT BIG STEP ON THAT JOURNEY IN
OUR SEARCH FOR LIFE IN THE
UNIVERSE.
THAT'S AWESOME.
ALSO A TAKE ONE MORE QUESTION
FROM #ASKNASA.
JOHN IN MEXICO ON YOUTUBE ASKED
IF THE TELESCOPE GOING TO BE
ABLE TO VIEW ALL SIPES OF ON
SPACE OR IT WILL BE PROHIBITED
BY THE SUN IN.
>> ACTUALLY, THE WAY WE
CONFIGURE AND THE TELESCOPE WITH
THE LARGE SUNSHIELD, WE PUT IT
ONE MILLION MILES AWAY AS THE
ADMINISTRATOR MENTIONED AND LET
US KEEP THE TELESCOPE ALWAYS
POINTED TO DEEP SPACE.
SO OVER A COURSE OF A YEAR, WE
GET THE FULL SKY, WE CAN SEE
ANYWHERE YOU CAN POINT ANYWHERE
OVER THE COURSE OF THE YEAR, AND
ANY GIVEN TIME, I THINK, WE CAN
SEE JUST ABOUT 60% OF THE SKY.
SOP, YES, THE TELESCOPE IS NOT
LIMITED UNLIKE WITH HUBBLE,
WHERE IT IS GOING AROUND THE
EARTH EVERY 90 MINUTES A WEBB
WILL BE OPERATIONAL ALMOST 24-7.
>> ALL RIGHT.
>> OK.
CONTINUE TO 2:00 SENIOR
QUESTIONS IN AND USING HASHTAG
ASK NASA ON TWITTER AND FACEBOOK
AND TRY GET THEM IN.
SO, OK.
LET'S JUST CONTINUE AND DON'T
EXCEL TOO QUICKLY BASS I HAVE
SOME MORE OF THOSE QUESTIONS
BUZZ AM WE'RE AMBER, KEITH,
LET'S TALKING ABOUT THOSE 16
ICONIC GOLD MIRRORS THAT ARE
ACTUALLY ON THIS TELESCOPE.
AMBER, CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THE
SCIENCE BEHIND THOSE MIRRORS AND
THEN, KEITH SHALL I WOULD LOOK
YOU TO TELL US BE ENGINEERING
BEHIND THE MIRRORS?
>> SURE THING.
THE REASON THEY ARE GOLD IN THE
FIRST PLACE.
GOLD IS GOOD REFLECTOR OF LIGHT.
WE TALKED ABOUT HOW WEBB WILL
VIEW THE UNIVERSE IN THE INFERED
PART OF THE SPECTRUM AND SEE
LIFE A LITTLE BIT MORE RED THAN
VISIBLE LIGHT THAN THE SEE YOUS
CAN SEE.
GOLD REFLECTS THAT TYPE OF LIGHT
REALLY WELL.
THAT IS THE SCIENCE BEHIND WHY
THE MIRROR IS GOLD.
>> RIGHT.
>> ALL RIGHT.
KEITH?
>> YEAH.
SO WE MENTIONED EARLIER, WE
WANTED THE PRIMARY MIRROR, THE
MAIN MIRROR TO BE REALLY LARGE,
IT ALSO NEEDS TO BE LIGHTWEIGHT
BECAUSE WE HAVE TO LAUNCH IT
INTO SPACE.
WE LOOK AT GLASS.
WE LOOK AT OTHER MATERIALS.
THE BEST MATERIAL FOR THIS
TELESCOPE WAS REALLY GOOD AT
OPERATING TEMPERATURES WE LIKE.
THESE ARE MADE OW OF BERYLLIUM.
THEN, YOU START LOOKING AT HOW
TO MANUFACTURER A LARGE MIRROR
LIKE THIS.
EACH ONE OF THE 18 SEGMENTS THE
LARGEST, SEGMENT WE CAN
MANUFACTURER SO WHEN YOU TAKE
THE SIZE, YOU CAN TAKE THE
MIRROR SEGMENT SIZE, THAT IS HOW
YOU SEN UP WITH 18.
GREAT.
SO AS YOU HEARD THROUGHOUT THIS
EPISODE.
WEBB JUST COMPLETED A HUGE
MILESTONE BY HAVING THE TWO
HALVES CONNECT FOR THE FIRST
TIME.
LET'S TALK A CLOSER LOOK AT WHAT
IT WAS REALLY LIKE ♪
♪
>> WOW.
JUST SO YOU KNOW, AN AMAZING
PROCESS OF JOINING THE TWO
HALVES TOWING FOR THE FIRST
TIMES AT WE LEARNED TODAY, WEBB
IS AN EXTREMELY COMPLEX
TELESCOPE AND IT IS BEING BUILT
TO ANSWER SOME OF THE BIGGEST
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE UNIVERSE.
AS A RESULT, ENGINEERS HAD TO
FIND A WAY TO ACTUALLY FOLD UP
THE WEBB, SO IT COULD FIT INSIDE
FOR LAUNCH.
ONCE IT IS IN SPACE, IT WILL BE
OVER AND KEITH IS AT THE WALL
AND GOING TO EXPLAIN THE
BEAUTIFUL TRANSFORMATION THAT
WEBB WILL UNDERGO ONCE IT IS IN
SPACE.
KEITH, TAKE IT AWAY?
>> THANK YOU, LESLIE.
AM EXCITED TO SHOW THE SHORT
VIDEO OF ALL HAPPEN.
WE LAUNCH OUT OF THE FRENCH
VIENNA SPACE PORT OUT OF SOUTH
AMERICA AND TAKES 25 MINUTES TO
GET TO ORBIT.
WE DEPLOY THE SOLAR ARRAY, THIS
IS PRETTY TIP CALF MOST
SPACECRAFT.
WE NEED TO GET THE SOLAR ARRAY
OUT, IN ORDER TO START PROVIDING
POWER.
UP TO THIS POINT, WE HAVE BEEN
ON BATTERY.
IS VERY POP.
THAT IS THE FIRST THING WE DO.
WE PUT THE SOLAR ARRAY UP.
AS YOU CAN SEE, WE'RE CONDENSE
IT QUITE A BIT.
WE'RE 20 HOURS INTO THE MISSION
HERE.
DOWN HERE YOU CAN SEE THE SCALE
AND HOW FAST WE ARE MOVING OVER
ONE DAY PERIOD SO WE DID A MISS
COURSE CORRECTION WHERE WE FIRE
THE ONBOARD PROPULSION SYSTEM TO
CORRECT ANY AREA.
THAT AREA MAY HAVE PROVIDED BUT
THEN PUT US ON TARGET.
NOW, I CAN SEE THE REAL FUN
STUFF HERE.
WE START TO PULL THE SUNSHIELD
AND FIVE LAYERS OF THE
SUNSHIELD.
AND SUPPORT IS DURING LAUNCH AND
POWER.
AND ASSEMBLIES AND SECURE THEM
AND YOU CAN SEE THAT'S THE
FIRST THING WE PUT DOWN.
A TABLE ON THE AIRPLANE AND HOW
THEY FOLD DOWN.
EXTENDING UP AND WE WANT TO GET
THIS TELESCOPE AWAY THE
SPACECRAFT.
REMEMBER THIS SPACECRAFT IS
COLD.
THE SPACECRAFT IS WARM.
SO WE WANT TO SEPARATE IT.
AFTER WE ROLL UP SOME COVERS
THAT PROTECT THE FIVE MEMBRANES
DURING LAUNCH THEN WE START THE
PULLING OUT THE FIVE LAYERS NOW
THESE FIVE LAYERS ARE FOLDED UP
TOGETHER.
WE USE SOMETHING CANNED A
TELESCOPIC MID BOOM WHICH IS
LIKE SELFIE STICK AND EXTEND
THAT OUT.
THAT DRAGS ALL OF THAT MATERIAL
OUT.
SO WE DO THAT ON EACH SIDE.
THEN, THE VIDEO IS STOPPED HERE
WHEN WE TALKED ABOUT THOSE
TEMPERATURES WE WANT THE
TELESCOPE VERY COLD AND GIVES
YOU ORIENTATION.
THE SUN COMES IN DOWN HERE.
IT IS PROVIDING POWER.
SUNSHIELD SEPARATES THAT
TELESCOPE THAT SUN AND THIS FIVE
LAYER ASSEMBLY YOU CAN START IT
BACK UP NOW.
YOU CAN SEE WE TENSION THIS UP,
ALL FIVE LAYERS TO CREATE
SEPARATION BETWEEN THEM AND AS
THIS ALLOWS ALL OF THAT THREAT
THE SUN TO ESCAPE BEFORE IT
REACHES THE TELESCOPE.
WE DEPLOY SOMETHING CALL THIS
WHICH HELPS BALANCE SOLAR
PRESSURE AND THEN, THE LAST
THING WE DO ONCE WE GET THAT SUN
SHIELD OUT, WE DO START UP SOME
ELECTRONICS BUT THE BIG
DEPLOYMENT HERE'S THE SECONDARY
MIRROR OR THE TELESCOPE THAT HAS
BEEN STOWED UP AND SIT SITH ON A
TRI POD ASSEMBLY AND 16 MIRROR
SEGMENTS AND WE FOLD SIX OF THEM
BACK LIKE A DROP LEAF TABLE SO
WE UNFOLD THREE OF THOSE.
THEY FOLD FORWARD.
THE LAST THING WE DO IS FOUL THE
OTHER THREE FORWARD LIKE THAT.
AS YOU CAN SEE, 29 DAYS.
I JUST COVERED ABOUT THREE
MINUTES SO I AM VERY EXCITED TO
TAKE SOME QUESTIONS ALONG ANY
THING ABOUT JAMES WEBB.
BACK TO YOU, LESLIE.
>> THANKS.
THAT IS QUITE DAY OF WHAT WEBB
HAS PERFORMED AND TRAVELS ONE
MILLION MILES FROM EARTH AND 30
DAYS FOR DEPLOYMENT.
SO THANKS FOR WALKING US THROUGH
THAT, KEITH.
OK.
WELL, AMBER, LOOKS LIKE KEITH
HAS PICKED PEEKED THE CURIOSITY.
WE HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS IN
THE CUE.
LET'S TAKE THEM.
ALL RIGHT.
CAILEY ON FACEBOOK ASKS: HOW
DOES WEBB GET TO THE FINAL
DESTINATION?
HOW DOES IT TOP IN A SPECIFIC
SNOOT OK.
LIKE I MENTIONED THERE, WE WATCH
ON 5.
AS THIS 5 PUTS US ON TRAJECTORY
STRAIGHT OUT ABOUT ONE MILLION
MILES WAY.
FOUR TIMES THE DISTANCE OF THE
MACHINE AND OPPOSITE THE SUN.
WE ARE ON THAT ABOUT FOUR, TO BE
ONE MILLION MILES AWAY.
ACTUALLY, IT IS LIKE GOING UP A
HILL.
WE START OUT FAST.
THEN AS WE GET FURTHER AND
FURTHER FROM THE EARTH.
WE START SLOWING DOWN.
WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS WE WANT TO
PUT JUST ENOUGH ENERGY IN THE
JAMES WEBB AS IT LEAVES THE
EARTH SO IT STOPS RIGHT AT THAT
L2-PINT OR THE ONE MILLION MILE
AWAY FROM EARTH POINT AND WE
ACTUALLY DON'T SIT AT A POINT
ONE MILLION MILES AWAY.
WE GO TO ORBIT.
IT IS ORBIT AROUND THE SUN BUT
THE EARTH ACTUALLY DRAGS IT A
LITTLE BIT THAT KEEPS THAT
ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THE SUN AND
THE EARTH IN JAMES WEBB.
>> WOW.
THAT'S I AMAZING.
LET'S TAKE ANOTHER QUESTION.
WELL, YOUTUBE ASKS IS THE JAMES
WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE GOING TO
FOCUS ON BLACK HOLE NASA OH,
YEAH.
SO BLACK HOLES ARE ONE OF THE
AMAZING MYSTERIOUS THINGS IN THE
UNIVERSE.
THERE IS A LOT ABOUT THEM WE
DON'T UNDERSTAND.
WE'LL BE LEARNING LOTS OF NEW
THINGS WITH JAMES WEBB ONE OF
THE FOCUS OF WEBB IS TO STUDY
AND LARN MORE ABOUT GALAXIES
CHANGE OVERTIME.
IF YOU LOOK AT THE EARLY THEY
LOOK VERY, VERY DIFFERENT IN THE
GALAXIES WE SEE TODAY IN THE
NEARBY PRESENT DAY UNIVERSE SO
UNDERSTANDING HOW THAT CHANGE
TALKS PLACE OVERTIME IS ONE OF
QUARTERBACK'S KEY GOAL AND WE
KNOW THAT BLACK HOLES PLAY A
MAJOR PART IN HOW THEY CHANGE
OVERTIME.
EVERY GIANT GALAX WHERE I THAT
WE KNOW OF HAS HUGE BLACK HOLE
AT THE CENTER AND NO IDEA HOW
THEY GOT THAT BIG AND ONE OF
WEBB'S KEY SORT OF QUESTIONS WE
WANT TO ANSWER IS HOW THE BLACK
HOLES GET SO BIG.
OH, FASCINATING.
GO NASA.
SO WE LEARNED A LOT ABOUT THIS
TELESCOPE THAT IS LIKE A TIME
MACHINE.
BUT I AM INTERESTED TO HEAR
ABOUT WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN
BETWEEN NOW AND THE ACTUAL TIME
THAT IT WILL LAUNCH IN 2021 AND
SO WE KNOW THAT THE TWO HALFS
HAVE BEEN CONNECTED BUT KEITH
AND AMBER CAN YOU TAKE US STEP
BY STEP TIMELINE WHAT IS GOING
TO HAPPEN FROM NOW UNTIL 2021.
ADDS SAW IN THE VIDEO.
WE PUT THE TWO HALVES TOGETHER.
WE'RE EXCITED WE HAVE A FULL
OBSERVATORY.
BOTH OF THE HAVE BEEN TESTED NOW
THEY ARE TOGETHER AND SPEND MOST
OF 2020 TESTING THE OBSERVATORY
AS THE SEASON GEL THING NOW.
WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT THAT SOS
2020 WHAT IS WE DO IS UNFOLDED
EVERYTHING YOU SAW ON THE VIDEO
AND THEN WE'LL FOLD IT BACK UP
AND THEN EARLY NEXT YEAR MID
NEXT YEAR, WE SUBJECT IT TO THE
ENVIRONMENT OF THE ROCKET SO THE
ROCKET SHAKES AND CREATES A LOT
OF NOISE SO THAT IS CALLED
ACOUSTIC AND VIBRATION TEST AND
SHAKEN TIRE OBSERVATORY AND TEST
IT AND BRING FIGHTING THE CLEAN
RAM AND DID ALL THE DEPLOYMENTS
AGAIN TO MAKE SURE THAT WE CAN
DEPLOY SUCCESSFULLY AGAIN.
ALL ALONG THE WAY WE ARE DOING
ELECTRICAL TESTING SO MAKING
SURE THE INSTRUMENTS ARE
WORKING, THE ELECTRONICS ARE
WORKING.
THE SPACECRAFT COME NONES ARE
ALL WORKING THEN LATE NEXT YEAR,
ONCE WE COMPLETE THAT, WE'LL
START FOLDING IT BACK UP AGAIN
AND WE'LL BACK IT UP TOP THE
SHIPPING CONTAIN TIMES LATE NEXT
YEAR.
WE START THE PROCESS OF SHIPPING
IT TO THE LAUNCH SITE AS I
MENTIONED IT IN SOUTH AMERICA
AND WE ACTUALLY DO THAT
TRANSPORT I HAVE WHY A SHIP THAT
WILL LEAVE L.A. L AND THEN,
THEN, ARRIVE DOWN THERE.
THAT WILL BE EARLY 2021.
GREAT.
SO SEVERAL TIMES YOU MENTIONED
TESTING ANTEING AND RETESTING TO
SO WHEN WE ARE TALKING TO
STUDENTS ABOUT THIS ENGINEERING
DESIGN PROCESS WE FEATURE.
WE TALKED, WE ACTUALLY TALK
ABOUT HOW OF CONTINUE WE HAVE TO
TEST.
IT IS LAUNCHED THERE IS NO
CALLING IT BACK AND SAYING,
BRING IT BACK.
WE HAVE TO DO THAT OVER AGAIN.
THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT.
WE HAVE SOME QUESTIONS.
ASK NASA.
I WOULD LIKING TO JUMP TO ONE OR
TWO IF WE HAVE TIME.
WHY DOES THE SUNSHIELD NEED FIVE
LAYERS?
>> OH, YEAH.
>> SO FIVE TURNED OUT TO BE JUST
ABOUT THE RIGHT NUMBER.
TO PUT A LITTLE BIT MORE
INFORMATION ON IT.
FIVE LAYERS IS WHAT ALLOWS US.
WE NEED ABOUT 500-DEGREE
TEMPERATURE DROP OVER THAT
ROUGHLY SIX FOOT TALL LAYER AND
ALL SPREAD APART ABOUT SIX FEET
WE NEED 500-DEGREE FAHRENHEIT
TEMPERATURE DROP AND DICTATED
FIVE LAYERS AND LOOKED AT
PUTTING THE SIXTH LAYER THAT
ADDS COMPLEXITY AND DIDN'T AS
MUCH AS FAR AS TEMPERATURE DROP.
THE TEMPERATURE DROP THE WARMEST
LAYER THAT FACES THE SUN GETS
MORE AND MORE DIFFICULT TO GET
THAT TEMPERATURE COLDER AS YOU
MOVE THOUGH COLDER LAYERS SO WE
KEY HAVE ADDED A SIXTH LAYER AND
HELPED A LITTLE BIT AND WASN'T
WORTH AND FOUR LAYERS WAS NOT
ENOUGH SO THESE STUDIES WERE
DONE A LONG, LONG TIME AGO.
FIVE TURNED OUT TO BE THE RIGHT
NUMBER.
>> IT HAPPEN TO BE THE RIGHT
NUMBER.
RIGHT.
I HAVE A QUICK QUESTION.
WE HAVE A QUICK QUESTION THAT
NEEDS A QUICK ANSWER.
SO JOHN ASKS WHAT ARE THE
OPERATIONAL TEMPERATURE RANGES
AND KEEP IT.
YOU MENTIONED THIS EARLIER.
CAN YOU ELABORATE ON THAT.
>> YEAH.
>> OUR TELESCOPE LOOK I SAID.
WE LIABILITY TO BE AROUND 50.
THAT IS MINUS 360 FAHRENHEIT SO
WHEN YOU HEAR ON THE WEATHER IT
IS MINUS 0 IN NORTH DAKOTA.
THAT IS MINUS 360 AND ALMOST
HARD TO MAIM GIN.
WE HAVE INSTRUMENTS THAT RUN
COLDER IN THAT.
WE COOL ALL THE INSTRUMENTS
DETECTORS AT 30 CALVIN AND WE
HAVE ONE INSTRUMENTS THAT
OPERATES AT SIX IT IS CLOSE TO
ACTUAL ZERO.
RIGHT.
TO THINK IN COLD WHEN IT IS
32DEGREES.
RIGHT.
ALL RIGHT.
SO LOOKS LIKE, OH, THAT IS MY
CUE.
LOOKS LIKE WE'RE HERE AGAIN AT
THE END OF ANOTHER EPISODE OF
NASA SCIENCE LIVE.
TIME SEEMS TO FLY WHEN YOU ARE
TALKING ABOUT NASA.
YOU KNOW I AM GUILTY OF BEING
PARTIAL.
NONETHELESS SHALL WE'LL TAKE
THIS TIME TO THANK YOU FOR
JOINING US TODAY.
SENDING IN YOUR QUESTIONS AND I
WANT TO THANK OUR STUDIO GUESTS,
AMBER AND KEITH FOR TALKING TIME
TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS.
SO I WANT TO, GAPE, POINT OUT TO
YOU, THAT YOU CAN LOOK FOR
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON WWW
NASA.GOV AND MEANTIME, UNTIL
NEXT TIME, CONTINUE TO REACH
BEYOND THE STARS THAT YOU CAN
SEE.
THERE IS A LOT MORE TO BE
EXPLORED AND DISCOVERED.