>>> WE HAVE LIFTOFF.
>> EXTRAORDINARY TELEVISION
PICTURE HERE.
>> 50 YEARS AGO TWO AMERICANS
SET FOOT ON ANOTHER WORLD FOR
THE FIRST TIME IN HUMAN HISTORY.
>> I READ YOU LOUD AND CLEAR.
>> JULY OF 1969 AND THE WHOLE
WORLD WAS WATCHING AS NEIL
ARMSTRONG AND BUZZ ALDRIN
USHERED IN A NEW AGE OF
EXPLORATION.
NOT ONLY WAS THE MOON LANDING
ITSELF AN EXTRAORDINARY FEAT AND
THE SCIENCE PERFORMED
UNPARALLELED IN HUMAN HISTORY,
THE SAMPLES OUR ASTRONAUTS
COLLECTED WOULD CHANGE OUR
UNDERSTANDING FOR DECADES TO
COME.
AFTER TRAVELING 950,000 IN
A LITTLE MORE THAN 8 DAY, THE
APOLLO CREW BEGAN TO REENTEROUR
PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE BEGINNING
THE FINAL STAGE OF THEIR
DANGEROUS JOURNEY HOME.
THEY SAFELY SPLASHED DOWN IN THE
PACIFIC ORG.
FOR THE USS HORNET AIRCRAFT
CARRIER WAS AWAITING OUR HEROS.
OUR NAVY LIFTED THEM INTO THE
HELICOPTER AND DO TO THE DECK OF
THE USS HORNET AS THEY ENTERED
TO GAR TEEN AS A NEW ERA OF
SCIENCE BEGAN.
50 YEARS LATER WE COME TO YOU
LIVE FROM THAT SAME U.S. NAVY
AIRCRAFT CARRIER.
>> WELCOME TO NASA SCIENCE LIVE,
WHERE WE ARE COMING TO YOU
ABOARD THE USS HORNET HERE IN
ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA.
THIS SHIP HAS AN UNPRECEDENTED
HISTORY THAT HELPED LEAD THE
VICTORY IN THE PACIFIC IN WORLD
WAR II AND THIS THE SHIP THAT
BROUGHT BACK TO SHORE THE ACTUAL
APOLLO 11 CAPSULE, CREW AND THE
FIRST EVER SAMPLE THE FROM
ANOTHER WORLD HERE BACK TO
EITHER EARTH.
I'M YOUR HOST AND WE ARE
CELEBRATING THE 50th
ANNIVERSARY OF APOLLO 11 LUNAR
LANDING.
YOU WILL HEAR A LOT MORE GET THE
BEHIND THE SCENES AS ONLY NASA
SCIENCE LAB CAN BRING YOU AND
INTERACT WITH OUR GUESTS HERE ON
FACEBOOK, TWITTER AND SEND IN
THE QUESTIONS USING THE HARB TAG
ASK NOW.
USE A COMMENT BOX FOR YOUR
QUESTIONS.
BEHIND ME IS A CRANE.
VERY UNIQUE LIKE THE USS HORNET.
IT HOISTED OUT OF OCEAN THE
OPOLO 11 CAPSULE.
YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT THAT.
YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT THE SHIP.
YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT THE SCIENCE
FROM THE LUNAR SAMPLE, THE
CHALLENGES EVER TAKING HUMANS TO
THE MOON AND GETTING THEM BACK.
WE HAVE A CREW MEMBER, YA CREW
MEMBER WHO WAS STATION SAID
ABOARD THE USS HORNET AT THE
TIME OF THE RECOVERY OPERATIONS.
IT WILL BE MAGNIFICENT.
YOU MIGHT WANT TO LOOK OUT FOR
ITEMS YOU WOULD NEVER DREAM
ABOUT IN APOLLO 11.
LET'S LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS
INCREDIBLE SHIP FROM A TOUR
GUIDE, CINDY SA*FIE.
>> WHICH THE NIXON CHOSEITOUS BE
THE RECOVERY SHIP FOR THE APOLLO
11 ASTRONAUTS BECAUSE WE ARE
DECORATED AND FAMOUS.
WE ARE KEPT IN OUR AUTHENTICITY
TO BE REMINDED OF WHAT IT IS
LIKE IN 1969.
I AM IN THE REPLICA OF A LIVING
ROOM THE WAY IT LOOKED IN 1969
AND A TV, WE HAVE H TO GET UP
AND TURN THE CHANNEL AND SHAG
CARPET.
WE HAD A PICTURE OF PRESIDENT
NIXON.
HE WAS THE ONLY PRESIDENT TO
COME TO THE HORNET OR CARRIER TO
REPRESENT THE UNITED STATES AND
WELCOME BACK ASTRONAUTS WHEN
THEY CAME BACK FROM THE MOON.
I WOULD LIKE TO POINT OUTART
FACTS WE HAVE HERE WE WILL GO
OVER LATER ON IN THE PROGRAM.
WE HAVE THE MOBILE QUARANTINE
FACILITY WHERE THE ASTRONAUTS
WERE PLACED AFTER THEY CAME BACK
FROM THE MOON.
WE HAVE A FAMOUS HELICOPTER THAT
WAS IN THE MOVIE APOLLO 11 WITH
TOM HANKS.
OVER HERE WE HAVE THE GEMINI --
THE APOLLO CAPSULE AND GEMINI
CAPSULE AND WILL POINT THOSE OUT
LATER IN THE PROGRAM.
WELCOME TO THE USS HORNET SEA,
AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM.
BACK TO YOU, DWAYNE.
>> THANK YOU, CINDY.
WE'LL COME BACK TO YOU A LOT
MORE TO HEAR ABOUT THE ARTIFACTS
ON THIS INCREDIBLE SHIP, THE USS
HORNET.
THIS IS A LIVE SET HERE ON THE
HORNET.
I'M JOINED BY NASA'S TOP
SCIENTISTS, OFFICIALLY KNOWN
NASA CHIEF SCIENTIST JIM GREEN.
WELCOME ABARD.
>> IS THIS FANTASTIC?
BEAUTIFUL AIRCRAFT CARRIER.
>> IT'S AMAZING.
>> IT IS.
>> THE NASA CHIEF SCIENTIST HAS
A UNIQUE ROLE.
EXPLAIN.
>> I AM THE INDEPENDENT ADVISOR
ON SCIENCE ACTIVITY.
IT ALLOWS ME TO REVIEW OUR
PROGRAMS, WHICH I'M REALLY
EXCITED ABOUT AND TELL ABOUT
SOME EXCITING NEW DISCOVERIES WE
MAKE ALMOST EVERY DAY.
>> LET'S GET TO THE POINT.
>> ALL RIGHT.
>> OUT OF ALL THE DISCOVERIES
MADE IN THE APOLLO PROGRAM, WHAT
WAS ONE OF THE BIGGEST?
>> I TELL YOU WHAT, ONE OF MY
FAVORITE ONES WAS, SO HERE WE
HAVE THE APOLLO 11 SITE RIGHT
HERE.
THE LANKING SITE IS IN MARE
TRANQUILITATIS AND ALSO QUALED
TRANQUILITY BAY.
IT IS BETWEEN THE DARK AREA WE
CALL MARE AND THE LIGHTER CROSS.
THEY BROUGHT BACK 50 POUNDS OF
LUNAR MATERIAL.
BEAUTIFUL SETS OF ROCKS AND ALL
SORTS OF THINGS LIKE THAT.
ONE WAS A BEAUTIFUL FIND AN AN
ORTHACITE.
>> EXPLAIN THIS.
>> IT IS A ROCK THAT LOVES TO
FLOAT ON TOP OF LAVA.
THIS WAS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT
HELPED US DISTINGUISH VARIOUS
THEORIES ON HOW THE MOON WAS
CREATED.
A COUPLE OF THE THEORIES WE
CAPTURED IT, ANOTHER IS THE
EARTH WAS SPINNING SO FAST IT
LOBBED OFF A CHUNK.
BUT THE ONE WE REALLY WANTED TO
LOOK AT WAS WHAT IS CALLED THE
GIANT IMPACTS HYPOTHESIS.
LET ME TAKE YOU BACK 4.6 BILLION
YEAR, THE EARTH WAS BEING
CREATED, A PROTO-EARTH, IF YOU
WILL.
ANOTHER OBJECT ABOUT MARS SIZE,
THE TWO ATTRACTED BUT WAS
PWHROEP APART.
THE REMAINING MATERIAL OF THEA
COME TOGETHER.
MOLTON ROCK ALL OVER THE PLACE
TO FORM A NEW ROCK WITH A NEW
SURFACE.
WE CALL IT THE LUNAR MAGMA
OCEAN.
WHAT FLOATS ON THAT IS THE
ANORTHACITE.
IT HELPED DISTINGUISH THE
THEORIES.
THE GIANT IMPACT HYPOTHESIS EVEN
TODAY WE BELIEVE CREATED THE
MOON.
>> DOES THAT MEAN THE MOON IS
EARTH'SI'S LITTLE BROTHER?
>> YES.
THE MORE WE LOOK AT THE
MATERIAL, THE MORE WE SEE IT IS
EARTH-LIKE.
>> TALKING APOLLO 11.
WE'LL TALK THAT AND GO INTO THE
FUTURE.
THERE IS AN INTERESTING STORY
ABOUT THE ROCKS WHEN THEY CAME
ABOARD THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER.
THEY DEALT WITH SOME LITTLE
CRAWLEY THINGS.
>> YOU KNOW, I TELL YOU, WE DID
NOT KNOW MUCH ABOUT OUR NEAREST
NEIGHBOR, ALL RIGHT?
WE HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL
BRINGING MATERIAL BACK FROM
SPACE MAY HAVE PATH GENS.
THOSE THINGS THAT WOULD AFFECT
OUR LIFE AND SO WE HAD TO BE
VERY CAREFUL ABOUT THAT.
WE, THEN, HAD A SERIES OF
PROCESSES TO DETERMINE THAT THE
ASTRONAUTS WHEN THEY CAME BACK
WERE SAFE TO REINTRO DUCE INTO
OUR POPULATION AND PATH GENS
THEY BROUGHT BACK FROM THE MOON.
THE FIRST THING IF YOU CAN
IMAGINE, THERE IS A CAPSULE
FLOATING IN THE WATER AND THE
SCUBA DIVERS COME UP.
THEY THROW INTO -- OPEN THE
HATCH A LITTLE BIT AND FLOW INTO
THE CAPSULE THREE SUITS.
THEY ARE CALLED THE BIOLOGICAL
ISOLATION GARMENTS.
>> BIG FOR SHORT.
>> THE BIGS, THAT'S RIGHT.
>> ALWAYS AN ACROW ANYMORE.
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
THEY PUT THE BIGS ON TO KEEP
THEM ISOLATED FROM WHAT WAS
GOING TO HAPPEN NEXT.
THEY TOOK THEM OUT OF THE
CAPSULE AND BROUGHT THEM UP.
66 THE BEAUTIFUL HELICOPTER.
ONE AT A TIME AND THEN BROUGHT
THEM BACK TO THE CARRIER.
THE HORNET AND LANDED ON THE
DECK.
FROM THERE THEY MOVED INTO THE
MOBILE QUARANTINE FACILITY, AN
AIR STREAM TRAILER AND LOCKED IT
UP, ALL RIGHT?
NOW THEY ARE REALLY ISOLATED.
WHAT HAPPENS NEXT IS WE THEN
HAVE ACCESS TO THE LUNAR ROCKS.
IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT WE
ADD MICE, OKAY?
>> MICE?
>> YES, WE ADDED MICE.
WE WANTED TO SEE IF THERE WERE
PATH GENS IN THOSE ROCKS, OKAY,
AND IF THE MICE WOULD SURVIVE OR
NOT.
OF COURSE, THEY DID.
AND THAT ENABLED US TO REALIZE
THERE IS NO PATH GENS FOR US TO
WORRY ABOUT ON THE -- PATHOGENS
TO WORRY ABOUT ON THE MOON.
>> LIKE A CANAIR NEA COAL MINE.
>> EXACTLY.
A PERFECT A AANALOGY.
WE OPEN THE DOOR AND LET THEM
OUT.
>> WHAT DO WE DO WITH THE MICE?
>> I DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPEN TO
THE MICE.
>> THEY SERVED THEIR PURPOSE.
>> FANTASTIC.
WELCOME AGAIN, TO NASA SCIENCE
LIVE FROM THE USS HORNET.
SEND IN YOUR QUESTIONS TO HARB #
NASA.
IS THE MOON CONSIDERED ANOTHER
WORLD?
>> GOOD QUESTION.
IT IS A SIGNIFICANT BODY IN
SIZE.
IN MANY WAYS IT IS ALMOST
PLANETARY SCALE.
IN FACT, IF IT ORBITED THE SUN
WE WOULD CALL IT A PLANET.
THAT'S HOW IT GOES.
I WOULD SAY YES, THE MOON IS NOT
ONLY ANOTHER WORLD, BUT PLANET
SIZE.
>> ANOTHER QUESTION.
WHAT DID THE ASTRONAUTS SEE ON
THE MOON?
>> WELL, BUZZ DESCRIBE THE IT I
THINK VERY WELL.
THE BEAUTIFUL PICTURES THAT WE
BROUGHT BACK AND HE CALLED IT
MAGNIFICENT DESOLENCE.
IT WAS BEAUTIFUL AND HAD GRAY
TONES.
IT JUST WAS ANOTHER WORLD.
CONTRAST THAT W WITH WHEN THEY S
THE EARTH, THE BEAUTIFUL BLUE
MARBLE, WE CALL IT WITH OCEANS
AND CLOUDS ABOVE THEM.
IT WAS QUITE THE CONDRAFT.
>> ANOTHER QUESTION ON TWITTER:
WHAT WAS SPECIAL IN ROCKS WE GOT
FROM THE MOON?
>> ACTUALLY, WE REALLY HAVE BEEN
TEASING THEM OUT.
WE DON'T ANALYZE ALL THE ROCKS
FROM ALL SIX APOLLOS WE BROUGHT
BACK ABOUT 840 POUNDS OF ROCK
MATERIAL.
25% OF THAT WE HAVE KEPT ASIDE,
ALL RIGHT.
WE HAVEN'T INTERROGATED THEM.
AND THAT IS BECAUSE WE WANT TO
LOOK AT THE ROCKSES THAT WE
HAVE.
WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO ANALYZE
THEM, LEARN NEW THINGS SO WE
THEN CAN USE THE ADDITIONAL
SAMPLES, PLUS THE LIBERTY
EQUIPMENT IS GETTING SO GOOD WE
CAN TAKE CT SCANS AND LOOK
INSIDE.
WE CAN SEE WHAT ARE CALLED
ISOTONIGHTS AND FIGURE OUT THE
MINERROLOGY AND HOW THE ATOMS
ARE ALIGNED AND MATRIXES TO MAKE
UP DIFFERENCE MATERIAL.
THE MOON IS MOSTLY EARTH-LIKE.
>> WOW.
OKAY.
KEEP SENDING IN YOUR QUESTIONS
HERE AT #ASK NASA.
WE WILL GO B BACK TO CINDY WHERE
SHE IS NOT TO THE TEST CAPSULE
FOR THE TEAM TO MAKE SURE THEY
WERE READY FOR RECOVERY
OPERATIONS FOR THE REAL THING.
>> HI, WELCOME BACK.
I WANT TO INTRODUCE YOU TO OUR
APOLLO CAPSULE.
YOU CAN SEE HOW TIGHT IT WAS FOR
THREE MEN TO BE IN THERE FOR
SEVEN DAYS.
NOW IT'S VERY TIGHT.
THEY HAD ON SPACE SUITS.
THEY HAD LIMITED MOBILITY EXCEPT
MICHAEL KWO COLLINS WAS LUCKY.
HE WAS ORBITING THE MOON WHEN
THE OTHERS WERE ON THE LUNAR
SURFACE.
HE COULD SPREAD OUT AND RELAX
AND NOT TALK TO ANYBODY.
HE LOVED IT.
THERE ARE SPACE SUITS THAT ARE
VACANT AND DOWN THERE YOU WOULD
HAVE A LOT OF EQUIPMENT AND
SUPPLIES THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE
UNIT.
THIS CAPSULE WAS VERY IMPORTANT.
IT'S AN EXACT REPLICA OF THE ONE
THAT WENT TO THE MOON.
IT WENT TO SPACE TO TEST THE
HEAT SHIELD AND ALSO THE
INSTRUMENTS INSIDE.
IT WAS UNMANNED.
ONCE IT CAME BACK IT WANTED TO
SEE IF IT WOULD TOLERATE A HARD
LANDING.
WE ACTUALLY LAUNCH FROM OVER THE
OCEAN AND WE LAND IN THE OCEAN
FOR SOFT LANDINGS.
WE'LL SHOW YOU WHY.
LET'S WALK AROUND AND LOOK AND
SEE WHY A HARD LANDING COULD
HAVE SEVERE IMPLICATIONS.
THIS IS DROPPED FROM A HIGH
TOWER AND LANDED ON A HARD
SURFACE.
THIS IS WHAT THE IMPACT THAT
HAPPENED.
COME AROUND TO THE REAR.
YOU COME AROUND ALL THE WAY TO
THE REAR OF THE CAPSULE AND LOOK
AT THIS.
IT ACTUALLY CRACKED THE
STRUCTURE.
YOU SEE THE CRACKS.
THIS COULD NOT HAVE SURVIVED
HARD LANDINGS.
THEY ACTUALLY DONATED IT TO US.
IT'S ON LOAN FOR US TO ENJOY SO
THE PUBLIC CAN SEE IT.
IT'S GOOD FOR EDUCATION
PURPOSES.
YOU CAN SEE THE HEAT SHIELD HAS
BEEN REPLACED BUT THIS WOULD
DEMONSTRATE HOW THE HEAT SHIELD
IS BUILT.
ACTUALLY ALL THE WIRING THAT IS
THROUGHOUT THE CAPSULE FOR
ELECTRICITY, COMMUNICATION AND
FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, TO GATH
GATHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
WE'LL COME BACK TO THE FRONT AND
HELLO DWAYNE.
HOW ARE YOU?
>> I'M FINE CINDY, HOW ARE YOU?
>> FINE.
>> WE'RE KEEPING YOU BUSY.
>> YES.
>> IT'S AN HONOR TO BE HERE
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
YOU TALK TO THOUSANDS, MILLIONS
OF FOLKSES ABOUT THIS INCREDIBLE
FACILITY AND THE HISTORY.
ONE IS THE MORE COMMON QUESTIONS
YOU GET ABOUT THE CAPSULE?
>> ACTUALLY BECAUSE THERE WERE
THREE MEN IN SEVEN DAY, A LOT OF
THE KIDS WANT TO KNOW WHAT WAS
THE ENVIRONMENT LIKE WHEN THEY
CAME BACK FROM THE MOON, THE
SMELL.
ID YOU HAVE BEEN IN THERE FOR
SERVE DAYS, YOU LEFT AND CAME
BACK WHAT YOU LEFT WITH, DID YOU
TAKE A SHOWER FOR SEVEN DAYS?
THE KIDS GO OH, NO.
NO.
THEY SAID YEAH.
VERY, VERY MEMORABLE.
>> I CAN ONLY IMAGINE.
WE WON'T GO IN GRAPHIC DETAIL.
ONE MORE QUESTION, OBVIOUSLY
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SPACE TRAVEL
THERE IS A LOT OF MATH INVOLVED.
>> YES.
>> THEY DIN'T HAVE COMPUTERS
BACK THEN DURING APOLLO.
IT REMINDS ME OF THE MOVIE
HIDDEN FIGURES, RIGHT?
>> YES.
>> GIVE ME MORE DETAIL.
>> THEY USED SLIDE RULE.
AND THEY USED A SEXTON AND THEY
HAD TE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WAS
NOT AS SOPHISTICATED AND THEY
PRACTICED AND COMMUNICATED WITH
HOUSTON AND BACK AND FORTH AND
A LOT OF IT HAD TO DO WITH HOW
THEY WERE GOING TO TOLERATE
LANDING IN THE OCEAN.
WHETHER THEY DID LAND IN THE
CAPSULE IN THE OCEAN THEY WERE
UPSIDE DOWN AND THE OCEAN WAS
MOVING QUITE A BIT.
WHEN THE ASTRONAUTS CAME OUT AND
THEY HAD ON THEIR BIG SUITS THEY
HAD TO BE VERY MOBILE AND BE
QUICKLY TRANSFERRED FROM THE
CAPSULE TO THE HORNET.
>> THE BIG SUITS.
>> THE BIG SUIT, RIGHT.
THEY HAD TO BE MOVED FROM THE
CAPSULE INTO THE HELICOPTER TO
THE HORNET AND MOBILE QUARANTINE
FACILITY WE'LL TALK ABOUT AT
ANOTHER TIME.
>> LOOK FORWARD TO IT.
>> THANK YOU.
>> WE'LL TALK TO YOU LATER IN
THE SHOW.
>> THANK YOU, DWAYNE.
>> WE'LL TALK ABOUT TECHNOLOGY.
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT.
AND WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
TECHNOLOGY IF IT DOESN'T WORK
WE'LL HAVE A BAD DAY.
I'M JOINED BY JEREMY VANDER KAM.
>> SIR.
>> LOVE THE NAME.
VERY COOL.
WHAT IS YOUR TITLE AND WHAT DO
YOU DO.
>> I'M THE DEPUTY MANAGER FOR
THE ORION THERMAL PROTECTION
SYSTEM.
IT GO AROUND THE OUTSIDE OF THE
VEHICLE TO KEEP IT FROM HEATING
DURING REENTRY.
>> SO THE HEAT SHIELD, VERY
IMPORTANT: WHY DO WE NEED THE
HEAT SHIELD?
BETTER YET, HOW DO YOU DESIGN IT
TO MAKE SURE IT WORKS?
>> WE HAVE TWO MAJOR TYPE OF
HEAT SHIELDS WE MAKE ON THE
PHUGZ FLOWN.
THE FIRST IS A INSULATOR THAT IS
A TILE MATERIAL AND USED ON THE
SPACE SHUTTLE AND ORION.
THEY LOOK ABOUT THE WAY THEY DID
WHETHER THEY LAUNCHED WHEN THEY
COME BACK.
THE SURFACES CAN REACH
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 2,000 AND
3,000 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
THE PART ATTACHED TO THE VEHICLE
WILL STAY A NICE COMFORTABLE 100
DEGREES OR SO.
FOR MORE AGGRESSIVE LIKE THE
ARRAIGN CAPSULE AS PART OF THE
ARTEMIS PROGRAM.
WE ARE GOING 11-KILOMETERS PER
SECOND AND WE NEED MATERIALS
THAT ARE ABLATIVE.
THIS SAMPLE WAS TAKEN FROM THE
FIRST ORION FLIGHT-TEST IN 2014.
THEIR SURFACE TEMPERATURES MAY
BE BETWEEN 4,000 AND 5,000
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
THAT ENERGY REACTS WITH THE
MATERIAL AND CONSUMES THE
MATERIAL AND CONSUMES ENERGY
ITSELF.
WE CAN TOLERATE MUCH HIGHER
TEMPERATURES AND KEEP THE PART
BONDED TO THE VEHICLE, AGAIN,
A MICE COMFORTABLE, SAY 100
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
>> FANTASTIC.
YOU TALKED ABOUT ORION AND WE'LL
TALK ABOUT ARTEMIS LATER IN THE
PROGRAM.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE APOLLO MATERIAL VERSUS
ORION.
>> THERE IS SOME VERY, VERY
CLOSE SIMILARITIES.
THE APOLLO CAPSULE USED ASCOAT
OVER THEIR ENTIRE SURFACE.
THAT'S WHAT THIS MATERIAL HERE
IS.
FOR ORION WE USED AVCOAT ON THE
BAY HEAT SHIELD AND OUR FIRST
FLIGHT-TEST BUILT IT THE SAME
WAY APOLLO DID, WITH THE HONEY
ON COMB STRUCTURE AND THE
ABLATIVE MATERIAL IN EACH CELL
OF THE HONEYCOMB.
IN THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM WE ARE
USING THE SAME IT ARE THE BUT
WITH MOW HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE.
WE MOLD IT INTO BLOCKS TO BOND
ON AND THAT MAKES, GIVES US
A MUCH MORE EFFICIENT
MANUFACTURING PROCESS.
ON ARRAIGN WE USE INSILL
EIGHTIVE MATERIALS ON THE COOLER
PART OF THE MATERIAL IN TILES
THAT ALLOW US TO HAVE AN
EFFICIENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS.
>> THIS IS LIKE MY COFFEE TABLE
AT HOME, BUT I'M SURE --
>> MORE EXPENSE I.
[LAUGHING]
-- EXPENSIVE.
[LAUGHING]
>> CAN'T AFFORD THAT.
>> KEEP THE QUESTIONS COMING IN.
WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM
FACEBOOK: WHAT WAS THE MATERIAL
USED FOR THE OUTSIDE OF THE
APOLLO CAPSULE.
>> THE AVCOAT MATERIAL WE JUST
DISCUSSED.
>> ON TWITTER: WILL THIS
TECHNOLOGY BE USED FOR EVERYDAY
LIFE HERE ON EARTH?
>> OUR HEAT SHIELD MATERIALS
TYPICALLY DON'T FIND THEIR WAY
INTO EVERYDAY LIFE ON EARTH.
THEY ARE CREATED TO DO ONE THING
AND THAT'S TO BE A HEAT SHIELD
MATERIAL.
YOU WON'T SEE THEM AROUND EXCEPT
IN MUSEUMS ON SPACECRAFT.
>> SO WORKING ON A TEAM THAT IS
SO IMPORTANT, GIVE US SOME SORT
OF IDEA HOW BIG A TEAM WOULD BE
FOR THE ORION WE ARE TALKING
ABOUT THAT.
IS THERE ANYTHING THAT MAY KEEP
THE TEAM UP AT NIGHT AS WE GET
CLOSE TO LAUNCH SOMETHING.
>> WE ARE BETWEEN 40 AND 50
PEOPLE BETWEEN OUR INDUSTRY
PARTNERS AND THE VARIOUS NASA
CENTERS.
WE SLEEP PRETTY WELL AT NIGHT.
OUR BIGGEST CHALLENGE WHEN WE
TEST THE MATERIALS ON THE GROUND
WE USE A FACILITY CALLED AN ARC
JET.
WE CAN ONLY TEST SAMPLES BETWEEN
4 AND 8 INCHES IN DIAMETER,
SMALLER THAN A FULL-SIZED
SPACECRAFT.
UNTIL WE GET OUR FIRST BIG
FLIGHT-TEST AT FULL-SCALE THE
ARTEMIS 1 PHUGZ THERE IS
UNCERTAINTY LEFT WE HAVEN'T
GOTTEN OUT OF THE WAY YET.
>> A QUESTION ON TWITTER: WHAT
TYPE OF EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
DO YOU NEED TO BE PART OF THE
FUTURE ARTEMIS PROGRAM AND WORK
ON HEAT SHIELD TECHNOLOGY?
>> ACROSS THE PROGRAM ANYTHING
IN THE STEM REALM WILL WORK.
FOR OUR HEAT SHIELD TEAM, WE
HAVE A LOT OF MATERIAL
SCIENTISTS AND MECHANICAL
ENGINEERS AND AEROSPACE
ENGINEER, SYSTEM ENGINEERS AS
WELL.
>> HOW DID YOU GET INVOLVED IN
THIS?
WERE YOU TINKERING WITH THINGS
AS A KID OR BUILDING THINGS?
>> I DON'T KNOW.
I HAD AN OBSESSION WITH ANYTHING
THAT FLEW SINCE I WAS BORN AND
FOUND MY WAY INTO NASA AND THE
ORION PROGRAM.
WHEN IT STARTED IN 2006,
ACTUALLY.
>> WHEN WE LOOK BACK AT APOLLO
AND THE TEST COPIESULE.
>> UH-HUH.
>> DID YOU STUDY MANUALS OR TALK
TO FOLKS TO BUILD ORION?
>> YES, IT WAS A BIG PARTLET WE
WENT INTO ALL THE HISTORY WE
COULD FIND AND PULLING FILE CAB
NITS OUT OF THE GARAGES AND
READING EVERYTHING WE COULD GET
OUR HANDS ON AND STUDIED OLD
VEHICLES TO LEARN AS MUCH AS WE
COULD ABOUT WHAT THEY DID AND WE
COULD BRING FORWARD.
>> WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP NOW?
WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE ARTEMIS
PROGRAM LATER IN THE SHOW.
ORION.
EXPLAIN ORION AND THE CAPSULE
AND WHAT IS TAKING PLACE.
>> WE HAVE FLOWN ONE FLIGHT-TEST
IN 2014.
THE ARR ORION CAPSULE WILL LAUNC
2021.
WE ARE BUILDING THE ORION
CAPSULE THAT WILL BE WITH
ARTEMIS.
>> THIS IS REALLY COOL.
THANK YOU A LOT.
WE'LL GO BACK TO CINDY AND YOU
ARE WATCHING NASA SCIENCE LAB
ABOARD THE USS HORNET.
SUNDAY IN YOUR QUESTIONS TO
#NASA.
CINDY IS NEXT TO THE HELICOPTER
AND IT HAS A UNIQUE STORY.
THIS HELICOPTER WAS IN THE MOVIE
"APOLLO 13."
>> WELCOME BACK.
WE ARE NEXT TO THE 66 HELICOPTER
THAT WAS IN "APOLLO 13" WITH TOM
HANKS.
THE ORIGINAL DOESN'T EXIST AND
OUR RESTORATION CREW SAW THIS IN
A BONEYARD AND SIDE THAT 140899?
IT DID FLY OFF THE HORNET IN THE
'60s.
THEY BROUGHT IT BACK AND
RESTORED IT TO THE MINT
CONDITION IT IS IN RIGHT NOW.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT IT.
THIS HELICOPTER IS SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT IS BUILT IN SUCH
A WAY YOU WANTED TO HAVE A LOT
OF ROOM IN THERE.
WHEN THE ASTRONAUTS WERE
ACTUALLY PICKED UP THEY HAD TO
COME IN HERE AND THEY WERE TOLD
ALL THE CREW WAS TOLD DO NOT
TOUCH THEM, DON'T GO NEAR THEM
BECAUSE THEY COULD HAVE
CONTAMINANTS ON THEM, EVEN
THOUGH THEY HAD ALREADY PUT THE
ANTI-CONTAMINATION SOLUTION ON
THEIR BIG SUITS, BIOINSULATION
GARMENTS.
IT WAS 40 FEET FROM PICK UP TO
THE FLOWITATION DEVICE TO THE
BASKET TO BRING BACK TO THE
HORNET.
ONCE THEY WERE ABLE TO COME
BACK, THEY WERE ON THE FLIGHT
DECK.
THE WHOLE UNIT DESCENDED HERE TO
THE APOLLO SURFACE AND THEY WENT
WITH THEIR MASKS, HAD SPECIAL
RESPIREIGHT MASKS ON AND WERE
TRANSFETRANSFER IN THE IN.
THIS UNIT IS SO FAMOUS IT WOULD
BUILT IN SUCH A WAY THERE WAS SO
MUCH ROOM THE MODEL FOR MARINE 1
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES USES.
YOU CAN LOOK AT THE WAY THE
LANDING GEAR IS.
IF FOR SOME REASON IT HAS TO
LAND ON A SOFT SURFACE, THE
OCEAN, THE LANDING GEAR RETRACTS
AND VUFLOATING DEVICES ON HERE.
THIS IS A UNIQUE ONE.
WE ARE PROUD OF OUR AIR
RESTORATION CREW TO BRING IT
HERE TO ENJOY IT.
IT IS HISTORIC BECAUSE OF THE
MOVIE AND JUST THE WAY IT
OPERATES WITH THE JET ENGINE ON
TOP AND THE BIG ROTORS FOR
MANEUVERABILITY.
WELCOME BACK AND HOPEFULLY WE'LL
SEE YOU AGAIN SOON.
>> THANK YOU, CINDY.
>> BACK TO YOU, DWAYNE.
>> THANK, CINDY.
BACK HERE ON THE SET OF NASA
SCIENCE LIVE.
I'M JOINED BY ANOTHER SCIENTIST,
KIMBERLY ENNICO.
YOU ARE INVOLVED IN A WHOLE
BUNCH OF COOL THINGS.
>> OUR CENTER DOES INNOVATIVE
APPROACHES TO OPEN QUESTIONS IN
AERONAUTICS AND BASIC
FUNDAMENTAL SPACE RESEARCH.
HAVING WORKED THERE FOR A NUMBER
OF YEARS AND DIFFERENT MISSION
CONCEPTS.
I'M TRAINED AS AN ASTRO
PHYSICIST AND I HAVE BUILT
INSTRUMENTS THAT HAVE FLOWN IN
SPACE AND AIR.
I BUILT THE PAY LOAD THAT
CRASHED INTO THE MOON AND FOUND
WATER ON THE MOON.
AND I HAVE BEEN DOING SCIENCE
MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE PLUTO FLY
BY AND ON THE FLYING TELESCOPE
SOPHIA.
AS, YOU KNOW, AS A SCIENTIST AT
NASA I'M INTERESTED AND
ATTRACTED TO THE QUESTIONS THAT
DRIVE US TO PUSH OURSELVES TO
NEW LIMITS.
AND OPENING UP CREATIVE
SOLUTIONS.
IT'S A FUN JOB.
>> WOW.
THAT'S A COOL SHOPPING LIST.
AND YOU COME DRESSED FOR THE
PART WITH THE MOON.
THAT IS AWESOME.
>> WHERE IS YOUR MARS TIE?
>> I FORGOT.
[LAUGHING]
>> THIS IS A CONVERSATION
STARTER IN A SENSE.
THE WHOLE OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK
ABOUT SPACE AND SCIENCE AND
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY AND
MAKING THE IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBLE
IS INSPIRED BY APOLLO 8.
WHERE BILL ANDERS TOOK THE FIRST
PICTURE OF THE EARTH FROM LUNAR
ORBIT.
OUR FIST HUMANS WHO LOOKED BACK
ON OUR HOME WOLD FOR THE FIRST
TIME.
>> OKAY.
LET'S TALK SCIENCE DURING
APOLLO.
YOU HAVE INTERESTINGENINGS HERE.
THIS LOOKS LIKE -- ENTERING
THINGS HERE.
THIS LOOKS LIKE EARTH BUT I'M
SURE IT'S NOT.
>> YOU AND JIM WERE SHOWING
A GRAYISH GLOBE THE MOON.
THIS IS STILL THE MOON BUT
ACTUALLY A MAP OF THE HEIGHT OF
THE MOON.
AND THIS IS POST-APOLLO WHEN WE
HAD A SERIES OF ROBOTIC
EXPLORERS DOING ORBITS AROUND
THE MOON.
THE RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER AND
ONE MEASURED TOPOG FEE.
BLUE REPRESENTS LOW AREA, WHAT
IS THE MARE OR LOW AREAS AND RED
SHOWS HIGH AREAS.
AND I'LL TURN IT AROUND TO SHOW
THE FAR SIDE WE DON'T SEE.
THE FAR SIDE IS EXOTIC.
DID YOU KNOW THE AVERAGE HEIGHT
ON THE FAR SIDE IS OVER A MILE
HIGHER THAN ON THE NEAR SIDE?
AND IT HAS THE MOST EXTREME
TOPOGRAPHY BECAUSE THE HIGHEST
POINT ON THE MOON IS HIGHER THAN
THE HIGHEST POINT ON EARTH,
MOUNT EVERREST.
DOWN TO THE SOUTH POLE IT IS ONE
OF THE LOW EVIDENTIARIES.
A GIANT IMPACT BASIN.
AND THIS IS AN EXCITING AREA
THAT LUNAR SCIENTISTS ARE
SALIVATING TO HAVE AN
OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE ACCESS TO
THIS PART OF THE MOON WE HAVEN'T
HAD BEFORE.
>> WOW.
NOW THIS LITTLE GUY IS REALLY
INTERESTING AND I AM WILLING TO
BET IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE IT CAME
FROM THE BEACH OR A LITTLE HILL,
RIGHT?
>> YOU'RE RIGHT, TKWAEUFPBLT YOU
ARE LOOKING AT AN APOLLO MOON
ROCK FROM APOLLO 15.
THE LUNAR ROCKS HAVE TRANSFORMED
OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE
MOON FORMED AND ALSO INDICATIONS
OF WHAT HAPPENED EARLY ON IN OUR
SOLAR SYSTEM.
IN ADDITION TO THE OVER THE SIX
LANDED MISSION, 840, HUNDRED
ROCKS, 2,000 DIFFERENT SAMPLES.
THE APOLLO ASTRONAUTS PUT
INSTRUMENTS ON THE SURFACE OF
THE MOON.
APOLLO 11 ONLY HAD TWO AND
A HALF-HOURS ON THE SURFACE.
APOLLO 13 THREE DAY ON THE
SURFACE.
EACH MISSION DID MORE SCIENCE.
BUZZ ALDRIN PUT OUT
A SEISMOMETER.
THIS WOULD MEASURE QUAKE, MOON
QUAKES ON THE MOON.
RETRO-R*E FLECTORS ALLOWED US TO
MEASURE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE
EARTH AND MOON AND ORBITAL
ROTATION AND WE HAD A DUST
DETECTOR AND AN INTERESTING
INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE
PARTICLES COMING OFF THE SUN.
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON IS
A WONDERFUL LABORATORY TO DO
SCIENCE FROM.
>> ALL OF THOSE SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS AND HOW MANY WERE
THERE?
>> APOLLO 11 WE HAD FOUR PLUS
THE PHOTOGRAPHS AND MOTION
PICTURES AND ARMSTRONG'S FOOT
PRINT IS AN EXPERIMENT OF
ITSELF, SHOWING THE PROPERTIES
OF THE LUNAR SOIL AND IMPACTED
UPON PRESSURE.
YOU MIGHT HEAR ALDRIN I ONLY
WENT A HALF AN INCH.
THAT WAS TELLING THE SCIENTISTS
BECAUSE UP TO THEN WE HAD NO
IDEA WHAT THE SURFACE OF THE
MOON WOULD TOUCH AND FEEL LIKE.
EVEN THEM WALKING ON THE MOON
THEMSELVES PROVIDED INFORMATION
ABOUT THE LUNAR SURFACE.
>> I ASKED JIM, THERE WERE SO
MANY FINDINGS WHAT HE FELT WAS
THE BIGGEST.
WHAT WOULD BE NEXT IN LINE?
>> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE MOON YOU
SEE CRATERS.
WE DIDN'T REALLY KNOW WHAT THE
DOMINANT MECHANISM WAS TO MAKE
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON AND THE
APOLLO ASTRONAUTS AND LANDED
MISSION SHOWED IT WAS IMPACT,
THINGS HITTING THE MOON RATHER
THAN PLATE TECTONICSES LIKE
EARTH OR A*GTIVE VULANISM
RE-SHAPING OUR EARTH.
BY THAT AND THE CONTINUATION THE
MOON HAS PRESERVED AN EARLY
PORTION OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM LOST
IN OUR PLAN E. WE WANT TO LOOK
AT EARLY EARTH YOU LOOK TO THE
MOON AND EARLY SUN YOU LOOK TO
THE MOON.
IT IS TEASED OUT AND DONE BY
SURFACE MEASUREMENTS AND SAMPLES
FROM THE MOON.
>> WE'LL GO TO SOCIAL MEDIA AND
#ASKNASA.
KEEP THE QUESTIONS COMING IN.
THIS IS NASA SCIENCE LIVE.
WE ARE TALKING APOLLO IN THE
PAST AND FUTURE LUNAR
EXPLORATION AND BEYOND.
OUR QUESTION IS: HOW MUCH WATER
IS ACTUALLY ON THE MOON AND WHY?
>> GREAT QUESTION.
WE COULDN'T EVEN HAVE THIS
CONVERSATION 10 YEARS AGO.
THE CONCEPT OF WATER ON THE MOON
IS A RELATIVELY NEW DISCOVERY.
THIS IS THE BEAUTY OF SCIENCE.
WE HAVEN'T FIGURED EVERYTHING
OUT.
10 YEARS AGO SEVERAL INSTRUMENTS
INCLUDING A MISSION I WORKED ON
WE DISCOVERED WATER ON THE MOON.
SINCE THEN WE HAVE WATER FOUND
IN DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS ON THE
MOON.
IN PARTIC PARTICULAR THE POLES.
THE POLES HAVE AREAS WHERE THE
BOTTOM OF CRATERS HAVE NOT SEEN
LIGHT AND ARE COLD, COLDER THAN
THE SURFACE OF PLUTO AN HAVE
BECOME COLD TRAPS WHERE WATER
HAS MI GRATED.
HOW MUCH IS THEIR?
FROM THE KNOWLEDGE TO DATE IT
COULD HAVE 100 TO
200 MILLION TONS OF WATER.
WE STILL LACK THE DETAILED MAPS
TO KNOW EXACTLY HOW MUCH WE V.
OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOON IS
ALMOST LIKE WE HAVE THE
KNOWLEDGE WHEN PLANNING A HIKE,
YOU HAVE A KNOWLEDGE TO DRIVE
YOUR CAR TO THE TRAIL HEAD.
IF WE NEED TO WALK TO THE WATER
FALL OR THE CIFF, WE NEED MORE
DETAILED MAPS ESPECIALLY ABOUT
THE WATER.
WATER IS SCIENTIFICALLY
INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT FOR
A SUSTAINABLE HUMAN PRESENCE ON
THE MOON BECAUSE WATER CAN BE
OXYGEN WE BREATHE, HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN FOR FUEL.
IT'S A WONDERFUL RESOURCE AND
INTERESTING SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY
THAT IS ONLY 10 YEARS YOUNG.
>> STEVEN ASKS: WHAT HAPPENED
TO THE INSTRUMENTS ON THE MOON.
ARE THEY STILL ON THE SURFACE?
>> YES, THEY ARE.
IN FACT, SOME OF THE INSTRUMENTS
ARE STILL IN USE.
CAN YOU MILLION 50 YEARS LATER
THOSE RETROREFLECTORS I
MENTIONED ARE GLASS MIRRORS OR
PRIS'MS YOU CAN BEAM A LASER
BEAM FROM EARTH AND BOUNCES BACK
TO YOU.
IF YOU MEASURE THE TIME IT TAKES
AND KNOWS THE SPEED OF LIGHT YOU
KNOW THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE
EARTH AND MOON.
OVER 50 YEARS OF MEASUREMENTS WE
HAVE MEASURED THAT THE MOON IS
RECEIVING FROM US ONE AND A HALF
INCHES A YEAR.
MOST OF THE INSTRUMENTS ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON HAD TO
SURVIVE 340 HOUR LUNAR NIGHT AND
GOT REALLY COLD.
SOME OF THEM DIDN'T MAKE IT
THROUGH.
WE HAD OTHERS THAT LASTED
SEVERAL MONTHS AND WEEKS THROUGH
THE MID-BE '70s.70s TO PUT NEW
INSTRUMENTS ON IS VERY
EXCITEING.
>> WE ARE RUNNING OUT OF TIME
BUT I HAVE TO GET THIS QUESTION
IN FROM MARY ON TWITTER: WHAT
GOT YOU INVOLVED IN SCIENCE?
>> WELL, HARD TO SAY.
I WAS A VERY CURIOUS CHILD.
I LOVED LEARNING.
I AM REALLY GRATEFUL FOR THE
EDUCATION AND THE TEACHERS WHO
TOLERATED MY MANY QUESTIONS I
HAD.
BUT I WAS ALSO EMPOWERED TO
REALIZE THAT, YOU KNOW, ASKING
ASK WE HAVE A SHORT TIME ON THIS
PLANET AND LEARNING SO MUCH, I
BECAME VERY CURIOUS.
AND THE SCIENCE CAREER JUST FELL
INTO THAT.
I JUST HAD A VERY OPEN MIND.
>> YOUR PASSION IS INFECTIOUS.
WE'LL TALK MORE.
>> ALL RIGHT.
>> AND GET INTO THE FUTURE LATER
IN THE SHOW.
WHAT IF I TOLD YOU YOU COULD
HEAR DATA?
WORK WITH ME HERE.
A GROUP OF MUSICIANS AND I
APPRECIATE THIS BEING A MUSICIAN
MYSELF.
HAVE PUT INTO A SONG 50 YEARS OF
LUNAR SCIENCE.
IT'S CALLED SONIFICATION.
LET'S HEAR MORE.
>> THE PITCH OF THE MELODY IS
TELLING YOU THE AMOUNT OF DATA
RETURNED ABOUT THE MOON OVER
TIME.
THERE IS A CLOCK SOUND THAT
TELLS YOU ABOUT THE PROGRESS OF
THE MONTHS AND SYMBOLS THAT GO
OFF TO MARK THE TYPES OF
LAUNCHES -- TIMES OF LAUNCHES.
URE DOING THE APOLLOERA THE
PITCH RISES.
AS WE LEARN MORE AND MORE ABOUT
THE MOON AND GATHER MORE DATA.
STPHOEUT SNOW.
DAT ♪
♪
AND THEN A PERIOD IN THE MIDDLE
WHERE IT KIND OF FALLS WHERE WE
WEREN'T SENDING PEOPLE AND
WEREN'T SENDING ROBOTIC
MISSIONS, IT FALLS OFF A LITTLE
BIT.
♪
AND THEN IT STARTS TO RISE AGAIN
TO CRESCENDO IN THE MODERN ERA.
♪
IN THE SONIFICATION THERE THE
OTHER THING TO TAKE FROM IT THE
CONTINUOUS NOTE OF EXPLORATION.
♪
THE PAST AND PRESENT AND THE
FUTURE ARE ALL CONNECTED WITH
THAT SENSE OF LISTENING TO IT.
WHILE THERE ARE SRARGZS IN OUR
LEVEL OF -- VARIATIONS IN OUR
LEVEL OF INTEREST AND GATHERING
MATERIAL, THERE IS A CONTINUITY
THAT ONCE WE WENT THERE, WE
DIDN'T WANT TO STOP.
>> NOW, SONIFICATION IS
AVAILABLE AT NASA ON THE NEW
PODCAST ON THE NASA EXPLORER
SKPAOERZ ON GOOGLE CLOUD, SOUND
CLOUD, GOOGLE PLAY I SHOULD SAY,
SOUND CLOUD AND APPLE PODCASTS.
THIS COOL TECHNOLOGY WAS
DEVELOPED IN TORONTO, CANADA BY
A COMPANY CALLED SYSTEM SOUND.
WE HAVE SOMEONE HERE THAT I AM
HONORED HERE, SKIP "HOWARD"
ROBERTSON.
A CREW MEMBER ON THE USS HORNET.
AUTOAN HONOR.
THANK YOU FO FOR YOUR SERVICE.
>> IT WAS MY PLEASURE AND HONOR.
>> LET'S GO BACK 50 YEARS TO THE
DAY, THE DAY BEFORE TOMORROW
WHICH IS THE ACTUAL ANNIVERSARY
YOU PICKED UP THE SPACECRAFT.
THE DAY BEFORE WHAT IS THE
ATMOSPHERE ON BOARD THE USURBGS
S HORNET?
>> EXPECTATION AND EXCITEMENT
AND HOW WAS IT ALL GOING TO WORK
OUT.
WOULD I GET TO SEE THE
PRESIDENT?
WOULD HE SHAKE MY HAND, WHICH,
OF COURSE, DIDN'T HAPPEN.
WE WERE READY FOR THIS THING TO
HAPPEN.
WE HAD BEEN PRACTICING
EXTENSIVELY FOR WEEKS.
BECAUSE IT JUST DOESN'T HAPPEN
OVERNIGHT.
WE HAD A DUMMY COME IN THE
MODULE THEY WOULD DROP IF THE
OCEAN AND WAKE US UP AT 2:00 IN
THE MORNING AND SAY GO FIND IT.
THINGS OF THAT NATURE.
WE WERE READY, PREPARED.
A LOT OF US WERE AMUSED AT THE
APPREHENSION ABOUT MOON BUGS.
>> WHAT WAS YOUR ROLE ON THE
SHIP?
>> I WORKED IN THE RADAR AREA AS
A RADARMAN THIRD CLASS.
MY JOB WAS THE PRIMARY RADIO
OPERATOR.
ESSENTIALLY THEY WOULD GIVE ME
A PIECE OF PAPER AND I WOULD
READ IT.
I HAD THE DISTINCT PRIVILEGE OF
BEING THE PERSON HEARD AROUND
THE WORLD, ALTHOUGH NOBODY KNOWS
THAT SAYING HOUSTON, HAWAII,
THIS IS HORNET, WE HAVE APOLLO
ON BOARD.
>> HOW DOES THAT MAKE YOU FEEL
YOU ARE ETCHED IN HISTORY?
ON A SHIP WHEN YOU MAKE
ANNOUNCEMENTS IT STAYS WITHIN
THE SHIP.
DID KNOW YOU WOULD BE HEARD
AROUND THE WORLD?
>> THEY TOLD ME LATER IT HAD
BEEN BROADCAST AROUND THE WORLD
AND A BILLION OR SO PEOPLE ONLY
ONE PERSON SAID SHE RECOGNIZED
MY VOICE.
>> THE CREW MEMBERS TEASE YOU OR
GET A PLAQUE OR CAKE?
>> THERE WAS NO RECOGNITION OF
THAT SORT.
WE WERE ALL JUST PART OF THE
TEAM.
ABOUT 40 OR SO ENLISTED MEN AND
30 OFFICERS WHO WERE DIRECTLY
INVOLVED IN SOME WAY.
WE ALL HAD A JOB AND DID OUR
JOB.
>> I HAVE TO TELL YOU, WE AT
NASA ARE HUMBLED TO BE HERE AND
IN AWE OF ALL OF THE HISTORY
HERE.
HOW DID YOU FEEL WHEN YOU COME
BACK TO THIS NAG 95-CENTSHIP --
MAGNIFICENT SHIP?
>> THIS IS FIRST TIME I HAVE
BEEN BACK SINCE I LEFT SERVICE
AND WAS HERE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY AND AM HERE AND WILL
BE BACK FOR THE ACTUAL DAY.
I HAVE MY CREWS BOOK.
ALL THE MEMBERS OF THE CREW AND
MANY MEMBERS OF THE CIVILIAN
CREW ON BOARD WERE GIVEN ONE OF
THESE.
I HAVE A LOT OF GOOD MEMORIES.
>> WHAT IS IN THIS BOOK?
SIGNATURE, PICTURES?
>> IT IS PICTURES OF WHAT WENT
ON, SHIP BOARD LIFE, RECOVERY.
A PICTURE OF THE CHAPLAIN WHO
WAS PRESIDENT NIXON FOR THE
REHEARSAL.
A DANDY GUY FROM WISCONSIN WHERE
I LIVE NOW.
JUST A LOT OF PICTURES THAT ARE
ROUTINE SHIP BOARD LIFE AND
CROSSING THE EQUATOR.
THERE WERE 1,500 OF US WHO ARE
SHELL BACKS AND THREE OR 400
INCLUDING MOST OF THE CIVILIANS
WHO WERE POLLIWOGS.
THERE ARE PICTURES IN HERE THAT
PROBABLY MOST OF THE FAMILIES
DON'T WANT TO SEE.
>> WE WON'T GO ON THERE.
SKIP, IT'S AN HONOR.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR SERVICE.
IT'S HUMBLING TO KNOW WHAT PART
YOU PLAYED IN THIS HISTORIC
EVENT IN THE ANNIVERSARY AND
THANK YOU.
I KNOW THE KIDS AND GRANDKIDS
ARE PROUD.
>> THEY ARE, INDEED.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> BACK TO CINDY WHO IS IN
A VERY IMPORTANT AREA WHERE THE
ASTRONAUTS WERE WHISKED INTO AS
THEY ARRIVE ON THE USS HORNET.
THE QUARANTINE FACILITY.
>> THANK YOU.
WELCOME BACK.
HERE ARE THE FIRST FOOT PRINTS
OF BUZZ ALDRIN AND NEIL
ARMSTRONG AS THEY EXITED THE
HELICOPTER TO GO INTO THE MOBILE
KWAR 15 FACILITY.
MICHAEL COLLINS' FOOT PRINTS ARE
NOT HERE BECAUSE HE DID NOT STEP
ON THE LUNAR SURFACE.
THIS IS A SPECIAL AIR STREAM
MADE FOR NASA.
IT DOESN'T HAVE A WHEEL BASE
JUST FOR THE ASTRONAUTS WHEN
THEY RETURNED FROM THE MOON.
WE HAVE SIX SEATS AND
A TECHNICIAN AND FACILITY IN
HERE WITH THE THREE ASTRONAUTS.
LET'S GO INSIDE.
VERY INTERESTING INSIDE.
THEY HAD TO BE ABLE TO EAT.
THEY NEEDED TO USE THE
FACILITIES.
REMEMBER THE 7 DAYS THERE WAS NO
SHOWER.
WE HAD TO GO INSIDE AND
BASICALLY HAVE EQUIPMENT FOR
THEM TO CHANGE AND USE THE
FACILITIES.
MICHAEL COLLINS WASN'T FEELING
THAT WELL WHEN HE CAME BACK.
WHAT HE DID, HE WAS THE FIRST
ONE TO USE THE FACILITIES BACK
HERE AND YOU CAN TAKE A LOOK
INSIDE.
AUTOVERY TIGHT.
IT WORKED.
WHAT HAPPENED WAS, THINK ABOUT
IT, FOR SEVEN DAYS THEY WERE IN
THE SMALL CAPSULE NOT MUCH ROOM
TO MOVE AROUND.
THEY SAID WHY DID YOU PUT US IN
ANOTHER SMALL UNIT.
THIS IS LUXURIOUS COMPARED TO
THE CAPSULE AND HAVE SIX BEDS
FOR THEM.
THEY HAVE -- OH, LOOK WHAT WE
HAVE HERE, A MICROWAVE.
THIS WAS MADE SPECIALLY FOR THE
MQF.
THEY COULDN'T HAVE AN OPEN FLAME
OR ELECTRICAL COIL TO COOK THEIR
FOOD, SO WHAT THEY DID WAS HAVE
A SPECIAL UNIT JUST FOR THE MQF
TO WARM UP THEIR FOOD AND COOK
THEIR FOOD.
OVER HERE WE ACTUALLY HAVE AN
AUTOGRAPH BY EDGAR MITCHELL FROM
THE APOLLO 14 LANDING.
WHAT HE DID WAS HE ACTUALLY WHEN
THEY GOT TO APOLLO 14 THEY
DIDN'T NEED AS MUCH QUARANTINE
TIME AS THEY DID FOR APOLLO 11
BECAUSE THE MOON GERMS WERE NOT
THAT SIGNIFICANT TO THE
INHABITANTS OF THE EARTH.
THEY HAD REGULAR FOOD THEY ATE
AND ENJOYED THE NEWSPAPERS.
WHEN I THAT WERE READING THE
NEWSPAPERS THEY HAD NO IDEA THEY
WERE THAT POPULAR.
THEY IT SAID UNITED STATES GO TO
THE MOON AND BACK FROM THE MOON
AND ASTRONAUTS ARE HEROES.
REALLY?
WE DIDN'T KNOW WE WERE THAT
POPULAR.
WHEN THEY GOT TO HAWAII IN THE
MQF THERE WAS A BIG PARADE AND
PEOPLE WERE CLAPPING AND
CHEERING AND THEY LOOKED OUT THE
WINDOW AND THEY SAID WHAT IS
GOING ON OUT HERE.
WHY ALL THESE PEOPLE ON THE
PIER?
THEY GOT AHOLD OF A NEWSPAPER
THAT SAID THEY WERE HERO ASKS
BUZZ ALDRIN SAID TO NEIL
ARMSTRONG AND MICHAEL COLLINS WE
MISS THE WHOLE THING.
THEY STAYED HERE FOR 52 HOURS
AND THEY WENT FROM THE PACIFIC
AND HAWAII AND STAYED IN HERE
AND ALSO WENT TO TEXAS.
WHEN THEY WENT TO TEXAS THEY
WERE GUARANTEED FOR 15 DAYS AND
TOTAL QUARANTINE WAS 15 DAYS.
THEY HAD TO GET EQUIPMENT FROM
THE CAPSULES.
THERE WAS A PLASTIC TUNNEL FROM
THE CAPSULE TO MQF WHERE THEY
COULD CARRY BACKS THE SPECIMENS
AND ANY EQUIPMENT TO THE MQF.
ONCE THEY DID THAT THE DOOR WAS
CLOSED AND EVERYBODY WAS
QUARANTINED INCLUDING THE
SPECIMENS IN HERE.
WELCOME TO THE HORNET AND SEE
YOU AGAIN SOON.
BYE.
>> THANK YOU, CINDY.
>> BACK TO YOU, DWAYNE.
>> THANK YOU.
[LAUGHING]
YOU ARE DOING GREAT, CINDY.
I LOVE HEAR YOU TALK.
I COME IN TOO QUICK.
YOU ARE JUST FANTASTIC.
WE ARE BACK HERE ON SET.
I HAVE NOT ONE, BUT TWO OF THE
SCIENTISTS ARE HERE AND NOW WE
ARE TOGETHERLET YOU NEVER KNOW
WHAT TO EXPECT ON LIVE
TELEVISION.
SOMEBODY'S BIRTHDAY IS TODAY.
KIMBERLY'S BIRTHDAY.
>> HAPPY BIRTHDAY.
OH, MY GOODNESS, THAT IS SO
COOL.
WE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT THE
PAST.
NOW WE WILL GO INTO THE FUTURE.
THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM.
BEFORE WE GET INTO THAT, JIM, WE
TALKED ABOUT THE ROCKS, WHAT --
AREN'T THERE NEW SAMPLES THAT
HAVEN'T BEEN OPENED YET?
>> INDEED.
WE KEPT SOME ASIDE.
AND NOW WE ARE READY TO OPEN
THEM.
WE HAVE ONE VERY SPECIAL TYPE OF
CONTAINER.
IT'S A LONG, HOLLOW CYLINDER
USED BY APOLLO 7 TEAM THAT WAS
JAMMED INTO THE SOIL IN AN AREA
WE KNOW WAS A LAND SLIDE.
THERE IS TRAPPED GASES AND ALL
SORTS OF STUFF WE BELIEVE ARE
THERE.
NOW THAT WHOLE TUBE WHICH IS
FULL OF LUNAR MATERIAL WILL BE
OPENED THIS YEAR.
WE HAVE TO DEVELOP THE RIGHT
CAPABLE TO CAPTURE ALL THE GAS
GASES.
>> THE SCIENTIST THE OF PREVIOUS
GENERATIONS WHO HAD THE
FORETHOUGHT OF KEEPING CERTAIN
SAMPLE ASIDE, PRISTINE,
UNTOUCHED.
AS ADVANCES IN OUR LABORATORY
TECHNIQUES WE CAN EXTRACT
A DIFFERENT TYPE OF SCIENCE,
KNOWLEDGE FROM THAT.
>> KIMBERLY AND JIM, LET'S GO TO
THETHE TPAOUTUSH.
FUTURE.
WHAT IS ARMISAND WHAT WILL
HAPPEN.
>> THOSE WHO KNOW THEIR GREEK
MYTHOLOGY, ARTEMIS IS THE TWIN
SISTER OF APOLLO.
WE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT THE
APOLLO PROGRAM, A HUMAN ON THE
MOON.
THE APOLLO PROGRAM HAD
A DIFFERENT CHARGE.
THE PROGRAM WAS TO PUT A HUMAN
ON THE MOON AND RETURN HIM
SAFELY TO EARTH.
WE HAD OTHER SCIENCE THAT WENT
ALONG WITH THAT.
ARTEMIS IS DIFFERENT.
ARTEMIS IS A FORWARD TO THE MOON
WITH A SUSTAINABLE HUMAN AND
ROBOTIC PRESENCE ON THE MOON AND
BEYOND.
USING THE MOON AS A PROVING
GROUND FOR MARS AND BEYOND THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
ARTEMIS IS THE FIRST WOMAN AND
NEXT PERSON ON THE MOON IN 2024.
A GIANT LEAP FOR WOMAN KIND AND
A Y YOU MONGOUS LEAP FOR HUMANIT
IT WILL GIVE US A SUSTAINABLE
PRESENCE WITH COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS AND INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS.
IT IS NOT IN THE REALM OF SUPER
POWERS AND GOVERNMENTS.
WE ARE DOING THIS TOGETHER.
THAT'S WHAT IS, YOU KNOW, TO ME,
TO THE ARTEMIS GENERATION.
ALL OF US ARE THE A*RBT
MISGENERATION ON THE BACK BONES
OF THE SHOULDERS OF THE APOLL
JOE GENERATION WHO BROUGHT US
AMAZING ENGINEERING,
TRANSFORMATIVE SCIENCE AND A NEW
WORLD VIEW OF WHAT HUMANITY CAN
DO TO MAKE THE IMPOSSIBLE,
POSSIBLE.
>> WE ARE HERE AND ACTUALLY ARE
SEEING FOLKS AROUND US, THIS IS
COOL.
IT'S A MUSEUM AND WE HAVE KIDS
AND EVERYTHING ASK THEY ARE
EXCITED AND THAT'S WHAT THE
SPACE PROGRAM DOES.
I WANTED TO ASK YOU THIS BEFORE
WE GOT INTO ARTEMIS.
I WAS 9 YEARS OLD AND I REMEMBER
RUN AROUND THE LIVING ROOM AND
MY GRANDMOTHER WAS WATCHING
SOMETHING ON THE MOON AND I WAS
PLAYING WITH BUGS AND THINGS
LIKE THAT.
I THINK YOU WERE IN THE STARS AT
THE TIME.
>> MY PARENTS WERE JUST DATING.
>> SO, JIM.
>> YES, WELL.
>> WHERE WERE YOU?
>> I HAD GRADUATED FROM HIGH
SCHOOL.
>> ALL RIGHT.
>> THAT SUMMER WAS GETTING READY
FOR GOING TO THE UNIVERSITY OF
IOWA AND I HAD A FANTAST EUBGS
OPPORTUNITY ON THAT SUNDAY
AFTERNOON TO SEE THE LANDING ON
MY BLACK AND WHITE TV AT HOME.
AND, OF COURSE, LATER ON WHEN
THEY GOT OUT OF THE CAPSULE AND
WALKED ON THE MOON, IT WAS JUST
RIVETTING.
IT WAS REALLY QUITE A SPECIAL
TIME.
FORTUNATELY I HAD ALREADY BEEN
SO EXCITED ABOUT ASTRONOMY AND
SI EPS I KNEW I WAS GOING T --
SCIENCE, I KNEW I WAS GOING TO
GET MY DEGREE IN ASTRONOMY WHEN
I WENT TO COLLEGE.
I DIDN'T KNOW THEY WERE WORKING
ON SPACECRAFT.
I NATURALLY FELL INTO THE
ROBOTICSES SPACECRAFT END OF
THINGS.
>> A REALLY GREAT OVER VIEW OF
ARTEMIS AND GOING BACK TO THE
MOON, NOT JUST TO PLANT A FLAG,
BUT BE SUSTAINABLE.
THE FIRST WOMAN AND NEXT MAN.
MARS PLAYS INTO THIS AS WELL.
>> WHAT WE WILL LEARN TO DO IS
LIVE AND WORK ON A PLANETARY
SURFACE AND THE MOON IS THE
PERFECT ONE TO DO AND ALLOWS US
TO DEVELOP A VARIETY OF
CAPABILITY WE WILL USE AS WE
THEN GO TO MARS.
FOR INSTANCE, GETTING ACCESS TO
THE WATER, BEING ABLE TO BREAK
APART THE WATER IN THE SOUTH
POLEAR REGION WHERE WE WILL LAND
ALLOWS US NOT TONAL DRINK IT,
WATER IS WATER WHETHER ON THE
MOON OR ON THE EARTH.
>> OR ON MARS.
>> WE KNOW THERE IS WATER ON
MARS AND SUBSURFACE AND WE KNOW
ON THE MOON.
THE TECHNIQUES TO EXCAVATE IT.
THREE DAY JOURNEY AWAY, MARS
URBS 6-8 MONTHS AWAY.
DIFFERENT MIND SET.
INDEPENDENT SPACE EXPLORATION.
MOON PROVING GROUND.
WE'LL BE READY FOR MARS.
>> LET'S GO TO SOCIAL MEDIA
HERE.
AND WE WILL TAKE A QUESTION FROM
JIMMY.
THIS IS PERFECT: WATER.
WITH ALL THIS WATER DOES THAT
MEAN LIFE COULD BE ON THE MOON
AND MARS TOGETHER?
>> WE DON'T THINK SOON THE
MOON.
WE KNOW THAT SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT
OF THE WATER IS DUE TO
COMMITTARY IMPACTS FROM
ASTEROIDS THAT HAVE
A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF WATER.
THAT FORMS A COLD TRAP IN THE
SOUTH POLE AND NORTH POLE
RECENTLYIONS AND THAT WATER THEN
ENDS UP IN THE PERMANENTLY
SHADOWED AREAS.
SINCE WE ARE BEEN TO COMETS AND
ASTEROIDS WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT
THEM AND DON'T BELIEVE THEY HAVE
THE ABILITY TO BE BIHROPBLICALLY
ACTIVE.
THEREFORE, WE BELIEVE THIS IS
PROBABLY ALSO TRUE WITH THE
WATER ON THE MOON.
IT DOESN'T HAVE THE KIND OF
EVOLUTIONARY ENVIRONMENT,
HABITABLE ENVIRONMENT LIKE AN
ATMOSPHERE AND FLOWING WATER.
WE HAVE THE ICE THERE.
>> A LITTLE KNOWN FACT, DID YOU
REALIZE THERE WAS A SECOND LUNAR
PROCESSING LAB DURING APOLLO AT
NASA AMES.
LUNAR BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.
A GOOD SCIENTIST WILL DO AN
EXPERIMENT.
WE DID AN EXPERIMENT WITH 300
ENVIRONMENTS TO LOOK FOR MI
MICROBES ON LUNAR SAMPLES.
BIOLOGY CAN EXIST IN EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS.
NOTHING WAS FOUND BUT IT WAS
DEVELOPED FOR VIKING THAT WENT
TO MARS IN 1976 LOOKING FOR LIFE
AND WE ARE STILL TRYING TO
ANSWER THAT QUESTION ARE WE
ALONE.
LOOKING AND GETTING SMARTER AT
HOW TO LOOK FOR LIFE.
THE MOON IS -- IT DOESN'T HAVE
LIFE.
>> KEEP SENDING YOUR QUESTIONS
IN.
SO TWITTER ASKS: WILL THEY
BRING BACK NEW LUNAR SAMPLES.
>> ABSOLUTELY.
>> YES.
[LAUGHING]
>> THAT WOULD BE YES.
>> IF YOU THINK THE SIX LANDED
MISSIONS, SAMPLED ABOUT 4% OF
THE SURFACE.
WE HAVE NOT HAD SAMPLES FROM THE
FAR SIDE OR THE POLES OR THE
BASEIBS OF THE PERMANENTLY
SHADOWED CRATERS.
I WORKED ON A MISSION THAT
CRASHED INTO ONE AND WE FIND
ARGONE AND MERCURY AND SILVER
AND CARBON MONOXIDE.
WE FOUND A LOT.
WE WANT SAMPLES.
IF WE CAN GET REALLY OLD ROCKS,
WE CAN PROPERLY RECALIBRATE OUR
TIME CLOCK TH MOON STILL HOLDS.
>> WOW.
>> LOOKING FOR MORE ROCKS.
>> ABSOLUTELY.
A QUESTION ON TWITTER.
DWAYNE ON TWITTER.
I LIKES THE NAME.
[LAUGHING]
WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE PLANET OR
CELESTIAL BODY.
>> I WOULD GIVE A LOT OF PUBLIC
TALKS AND ALWAYS ONE THE
QUESTIONS CAME IN THE BOYS AND
GIRLS WOULD ASK MY FAVORITE
PLANET.
MY ANSWER, WHICH IS STILL THE
SAME TODAY IS I LOVE ALL MY
CHILDREN EQUALLY.
THE PARENTS GOT IT.
I THINK THE CHILDREN WERE
BAFFLED BY THAT ANSWER.
EVERY OBJECT WE GO TO ON THE
SOLAR SYSTEM HAS SOME ELEMENT
ABOUT IT THAT IS SO UNIQUE AND
SO IMPORTANT.
IT'S A PIECE OF A PUZZLE ON HOW
THESE THINGS ARE PUT TOGETHER.
ICY BODS AND TERRESTIAL BODIES
AND IN THE BELT AND ALL.
>> HOW DID CAN YOU TOP THAT
ANSWER?
WHEN I THINK ABOUT HOW MUCH WE
HAVE LEARNED ABOUT THE SOLAR
SYSTEM, I KNOW MY FAVORITE
PLANET IS EARTH.
IT'S WHERE WE ARE.
WE HUMANS ARE.
IT IS WHERE WE HAVE THE
CURIOSITY, THE MENTION, THE KNOW
HOW, THE ENGINEERING TO MAKE
THAT IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBLE.
IT HAS BROUGHT US THE PICTURES
OF PLUTO.
IT BROUGHT US THE INFORMATION
ABOUT THE MOON.
IT BROUGHT US INFORMATION ABOUT
THE SUN.
SO I THINK EARTH, OUR BLUE
MARBLE, PALE BLUE DOT, THAT'S MY
FAVORITE PLANET BECAUSE OF US.
>> I WISH YOU WOULD HAVE BEEN MY
SCIENCE TEACHER.
YOU GUY, AWESOME.
THAT WILL DO IT FOR US.
WE ARE OUT OF TIME.
YOU KEEP SENDING IN QUESTIONS ON
#ASKNASA.
THIS IS NASA SINESS LIVE WHERE
YOU CAN GET -- SCIENCE LIVE
WHERE YOU CAN GET INFORMATION
AND SEE MORE SHOWS.
AND LOOK OUT FOR THE NEXT SHOW
SOMETIME IN SEPTEMBER OR IF
THESE INCREDIBLE SCIENTISTS COME
UP WITH REALLY COOL SCIENCE YOU
MAY HAVE A NASA SCIENCE LIVE
SHOW BEFORE THAT.
NOW, BEFORE WE SIGN OFF, I HAVE
A FINAL PERSONAL NOTE.
I HAVE BEEN WITH THIS GREAT
AGENCY FOR NEARLY 40 YEARS.
I HAVE WORKED ON HUNDREDS OF
MISSIONS SPANNING AERONAUTIC,
SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM AND
SCIENCE.
NOW I HAVE A NEW MISSION.
TO TRAVEL TO THE PLANET
RETIREMENT.
[LAUGHING]
IT HAS BEEN MY HONOR -- AND I A
VERY HUMBLED TO HAVE WORKED WITH
THOUSAND, NO TENS OF THOUSANDS
OF PEOPLE ALL OVER THE GLOBE.
THE MENTORS LIKE JIM, THE
COLLEAGUES LIKE KIMBERLY, THANK
YOU.
TO ALL OF YOU, THANK YOU.
THIS IS NOT GOODBYE.
THIS IS WE WILL MEET AGAIN.
TO THE APOLL JOE GENERATION I
SAY -- APOLLO GENERATION I SAY
HAPPY ANNIVERSARY I AM A PART
OF.
TO THE ARTEMIS GENERATION I WILL
BE THERE IN SOME, SHAPE OR FORM
BECAUSE WE'RE GOING.
THIS IS DWAYNE BROWN SIGNING OFF
FROM THE USS HORNET AND NASA
SCIENCE LIVE, WHERE SCIENCE
NEVER SLEEPS.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.