1 00:00:19,586 --> 00:00:23,256 >>> WE HAVE LIFTOFF. 2 00:00:23,256 --> 00:00:23,990 >> EXTRAORDINARY TELEVISION 3 00:00:23,990 --> 00:00:24,524 PICTURE HERE. 4 00:00:24,524 --> 00:00:25,959 >> 50 YEARS AGO TWO AMERICANS 5 00:00:25,959 --> 00:00:27,527 SET FOOT ON ANOTHER WORLD FOR 6 00:00:27,527 --> 00:00:29,929 THE FIRST TIME IN HUMAN HISTORY. 7 00:00:29,929 --> 00:00:31,765 >> I READ YOU LOUD AND CLEAR. 8 00:00:31,765 --> 00:00:34,901 >> JULY OF 1969 AND THE WHOLE 9 00:00:34,901 --> 00:00:36,369 WORLD WAS WATCHING AS NEIL 10 00:00:36,369 --> 00:00:38,605 ARMSTRONG AND BUZZ ALDRIN 11 00:00:38,605 --> 00:00:41,541 USHERED IN A NEW AGE OF 12 00:00:41,541 --> 00:00:41,941 EXPLORATION. 13 00:00:41,941 --> 00:00:43,510 NOT ONLY WAS THE MOON LANDING 14 00:00:43,510 --> 00:00:45,345 ITSELF AN EXTRAORDINARY FEAT AND 15 00:00:45,345 --> 00:00:47,347 THE SCIENCE PERFORMED 16 00:00:47,347 --> 00:00:49,249 UNPARALLELED IN HUMAN HISTORY, 17 00:00:49,249 --> 00:00:52,419 THE SAMPLES OUR ASTRONAUTS 18 00:00:52,419 --> 00:00:55,388 COLLECTED WOULD CHANGE OUR 19 00:00:55,388 --> 00:00:57,223 UNDERSTANDING FOR DECADES TO 20 00:00:57,223 --> 00:00:57,524 COME. 21 00:00:57,524 --> 00:01:01,294 AFTER TRAVELING 950,000 IN 22 00:01:01,294 --> 00:01:04,097 A LITTLE MORE THAN 8 DAY, THE 23 00:01:04,097 --> 00:01:07,467 APOLLO CREW BEGAN TO REENTEROUR 24 00:01:07,467 --> 00:01:08,601 PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE BEGINNING 25 00:01:08,601 --> 00:01:10,637 THE FINAL STAGE OF THEIR 26 00:01:10,637 --> 00:01:12,238 DANGEROUS JOURNEY HOME. 27 00:01:12,238 --> 00:01:14,274 THEY SAFELY SPLASHED DOWN IN THE 28 00:01:14,274 --> 00:01:14,674 PACIFIC ORG. 29 00:01:14,674 --> 00:01:17,644 FOR THE USS HORNET AIRCRAFT 30 00:01:17,644 --> 00:01:20,680 CARRIER WAS AWAITING OUR HEROS. 31 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:24,217 OUR NAVY LIFTED THEM INTO THE 32 00:01:24,217 --> 00:01:25,251 HELICOPTER AND DO TO THE DECK OF 33 00:01:25,251 --> 00:01:29,255 THE USS HORNET AS THEY ENTERED 34 00:01:29,255 --> 00:01:31,524 TO GAR TEEN AS A NEW ERA OF 35 00:01:31,524 --> 00:01:31,958 SCIENCE BEGAN. 36 00:01:31,958 --> 00:01:34,527 50 YEARS LATER WE COME TO YOU 37 00:01:34,527 --> 00:01:37,497 LIVE FROM THAT SAME U.S. NAVY 38 00:01:37,497 --> 00:01:39,332 AIRCRAFT CARRIER. 39 00:01:39,332 --> 00:01:40,934 >> WELCOME TO NASA SCIENCE LIVE, 40 00:01:40,934 --> 00:01:41,835 WHERE WE ARE COMING TO YOU 41 00:01:41,835 --> 00:01:48,007 ABOARD THE USS HORNET HERE IN 42 00:01:48,007 --> 00:01:48,541 ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA. 43 00:01:48,541 --> 00:01:51,778 THIS SHIP HAS AN UNPRECEDENTED 44 00:01:51,778 --> 00:01:53,646 HISTORY THAT HELPED LEAD THE 45 00:01:53,646 --> 00:01:54,380 VICTORY IN THE PACIFIC IN WORLD 46 00:01:54,380 --> 00:01:56,116 WAR II AND THIS THE SHIP THAT 47 00:01:56,116 --> 00:01:59,085 BROUGHT BACK TO SHORE THE ACTUAL 48 00:01:59,085 --> 00:02:01,187 APOLLO 11 CAPSULE, CREW AND THE 49 00:02:01,187 --> 00:02:03,223 FIRST EVER SAMPLE THE FROM 50 00:02:03,223 --> 00:02:05,859 ANOTHER WORLD HERE BACK TO 51 00:02:05,859 --> 00:02:06,292 EITHER EARTH. 52 00:02:06,292 --> 00:02:09,129 I'M YOUR HOST AND WE ARE 53 00:02:09,129 --> 00:02:10,864 CELEBRATING THE 50th 54 00:02:10,864 --> 00:02:13,399 ANNIVERSARY OF APOLLO 11 LUNAR 55 00:02:13,399 --> 00:02:15,401 LANDING. 56 00:02:15,401 --> 00:02:16,336 YOU WILL HEAR A LOT MORE GET THE 57 00:02:16,336 --> 00:02:19,172 BEHIND THE SCENES AS ONLY NASA 58 00:02:19,172 --> 00:02:21,641 SCIENCE LAB CAN BRING YOU AND 59 00:02:21,641 --> 00:02:23,276 INTERACT WITH OUR GUESTS HERE ON 60 00:02:23,276 --> 00:02:25,145 FACEBOOK, TWITTER AND SEND IN 61 00:02:25,145 --> 00:02:28,081 THE QUESTIONS USING THE HARB TAG 62 00:02:28,081 --> 00:02:28,815 ASK NOW. 63 00:02:28,815 --> 00:02:32,318 USE A COMMENT BOX FOR YOUR 64 00:02:32,318 --> 00:02:32,685 QUESTIONS. 65 00:02:32,685 --> 00:02:35,855 BEHIND ME IS A CRANE. 66 00:02:35,855 --> 00:02:37,590 VERY UNIQUE LIKE THE USS HORNET. 67 00:02:37,590 --> 00:02:41,094 IT HOISTED OUT OF OCEAN THE 68 00:02:41,094 --> 00:02:42,462 OPOLO 11 CAPSULE. 69 00:02:42,462 --> 00:02:43,129 YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT THAT. 70 00:02:43,129 --> 00:02:44,631 YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT THE SHIP. 71 00:02:44,631 --> 00:02:46,799 YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT THE SCIENCE 72 00:02:46,799 --> 00:02:50,303 FROM THE LUNAR SAMPLE, THE 73 00:02:50,303 --> 00:02:52,338 CHALLENGES EVER TAKING HUMANS TO 74 00:02:52,338 --> 00:02:55,508 THE MOON AND GETTING THEM BACK. 75 00:02:55,508 --> 00:02:57,343 WE HAVE A CREW MEMBER, YA CREW 76 00:02:57,343 --> 00:02:58,912 MEMBER WHO WAS STATION SAID 77 00:02:58,912 --> 00:03:00,113 ABOARD THE USS HORNET AT THE 78 00:03:00,113 --> 00:03:03,149 TIME OF THE RECOVERY OPERATIONS. 79 00:03:03,149 --> 00:03:03,950 IT WILL BE MAGNIFICENT. 80 00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:06,786 YOU MIGHT WANT TO LOOK OUT FOR 81 00:03:06,786 --> 00:03:10,356 ITEMS YOU WOULD NEVER DREAM 82 00:03:10,356 --> 00:03:12,358 ABOUT IN APOLLO 11. 83 00:03:12,358 --> 00:03:14,761 LET'S LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS 84 00:03:14,761 --> 00:03:17,297 INCREDIBLE SHIP FROM A TOUR 85 00:03:17,297 --> 00:03:20,567 GUIDE, CINDY SA*FIE. 86 00:03:20,567 --> 00:03:37,784 >> WHICH THE NIXON CHOSEITOUS BE 87 00:03:37,784 --> 00:03:41,020 THE RECOVERY SHIP FOR THE APOLLO 88 00:03:41,020 --> 00:03:43,089 11 ASTRONAUTS BECAUSE WE ARE 89 00:03:43,089 --> 00:03:45,758 DECORATED AND FAMOUS. 90 00:03:45,758 --> 00:03:49,028 WE ARE KEPT IN OUR AUTHENTICITY 91 00:03:49,028 --> 00:03:51,064 TO BE REMINDED OF WHAT IT IS 92 00:03:51,064 --> 00:03:53,366 LIKE IN 1969. 93 00:03:53,366 --> 00:03:55,134 I AM IN THE REPLICA OF A LIVING 94 00:03:55,134 --> 00:03:57,237 ROOM THE WAY IT LOOKED IN 1969 95 00:03:57,237 --> 00:04:00,840 AND A TV, WE HAVE H TO GET UP 96 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:03,209 AND TURN THE CHANNEL AND SHAG 97 00:04:03,209 --> 00:04:03,543 CARPET. 98 00:04:03,543 --> 00:04:06,112 WE HAD A PICTURE OF PRESIDENT 99 00:04:06,112 --> 00:04:06,412 NIXON. 100 00:04:06,412 --> 00:04:07,146 HE WAS THE ONLY PRESIDENT TO 101 00:04:07,146 --> 00:04:10,049 COME TO THE HORNET OR CARRIER TO 102 00:04:10,049 --> 00:04:11,451 REPRESENT THE UNITED STATES AND 103 00:04:11,451 --> 00:04:12,819 WELCOME BACK ASTRONAUTS WHEN 104 00:04:12,819 --> 00:04:14,354 THEY CAME BACK FROM THE MOON. 105 00:04:14,354 --> 00:04:16,689 I WOULD LIKE TO POINT OUTART 106 00:04:16,689 --> 00:04:18,458 FACTS WE HAVE HERE WE WILL GO 107 00:04:18,458 --> 00:04:20,426 OVER LATER ON IN THE PROGRAM. 108 00:04:20,426 --> 00:04:25,832 WE HAVE THE MOBILE QUARANTINE 109 00:04:25,832 --> 00:04:28,134 FACILITY WHERE THE ASTRONAUTS 110 00:04:28,134 --> 00:04:28,901 WERE PLACED AFTER THEY CAME BACK 111 00:04:28,901 --> 00:04:30,570 FROM THE MOON. 112 00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:32,138 WE HAVE A FAMOUS HELICOPTER THAT 113 00:04:32,138 --> 00:04:35,541 WAS IN THE MOVIE APOLLO 11 WITH 114 00:04:35,541 --> 00:04:36,142 TOM HANKS. 115 00:04:36,142 --> 00:04:38,878 OVER HERE WE HAVE THE GEMINI -- 116 00:04:38,878 --> 00:04:42,482 THE APOLLO CAPSULE AND GEMINI 117 00:04:42,482 --> 00:04:44,450 CAPSULE AND WILL POINT THOSE OUT 118 00:04:44,450 --> 00:04:45,852 LATER IN THE PROGRAM. 119 00:04:45,852 --> 00:04:50,256 WELCOME TO THE USS HORNET SEA, 120 00:04:50,256 --> 00:04:51,124 AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM. 121 00:04:51,124 --> 00:04:52,792 BACK TO YOU, DWAYNE. 122 00:04:52,792 --> 00:04:54,494 >> THANK YOU, CINDY. 123 00:04:54,494 --> 00:04:56,162 WE'LL COME BACK TO YOU A LOT 124 00:04:56,162 --> 00:04:57,997 MORE TO HEAR ABOUT THE ARTIFACTS 125 00:04:57,997 --> 00:05:01,367 ON THIS INCREDIBLE SHIP, THE USS 126 00:05:01,367 --> 00:05:01,701 HORNET. 127 00:05:01,701 --> 00:05:03,836 THIS IS A LIVE SET HERE ON THE 128 00:05:03,836 --> 00:05:04,170 HORNET. 129 00:05:04,170 --> 00:05:07,273 I'M JOINED BY NASA'S TOP 130 00:05:07,273 --> 00:05:10,176 SCIENTISTS, OFFICIALLY KNOWN 131 00:05:10,176 --> 00:05:12,445 NASA CHIEF SCIENTIST JIM GREEN. 132 00:05:12,445 --> 00:05:13,313 WELCOME ABARD. 133 00:05:13,313 --> 00:05:14,847 >> IS THIS FANTASTIC? 134 00:05:14,847 --> 00:05:16,282 BEAUTIFUL AIRCRAFT CARRIER. 135 00:05:16,282 --> 00:05:16,816 >> IT'S AMAZING. 136 00:05:16,816 --> 00:05:19,619 >> IT IS. 137 00:05:19,619 --> 00:05:23,256 >> THE NASA CHIEF SCIENTIST HAS 138 00:05:23,256 --> 00:05:23,690 A UNIQUE ROLE. 139 00:05:23,690 --> 00:05:24,657 EXPLAIN. 140 00:05:24,657 --> 00:05:26,659 >> I AM THE INDEPENDENT ADVISOR 141 00:05:26,659 --> 00:05:28,194 ON SCIENCE ACTIVITY. 142 00:05:28,194 --> 00:05:31,397 IT ALLOWS ME TO REVIEW OUR 143 00:05:31,397 --> 00:05:32,031 PROGRAMS, WHICH I'M REALLY 144 00:05:32,031 --> 00:05:33,132 EXCITED ABOUT AND TELL ABOUT 145 00:05:33,132 --> 00:05:34,901 SOME EXCITING NEW DISCOVERIES WE 146 00:05:34,901 --> 00:05:38,971 MAKE ALMOST EVERY DAY. 147 00:05:38,971 --> 00:05:40,440 >> LET'S GET TO THE POINT. 148 00:05:40,440 --> 00:05:42,041 >> ALL RIGHT. 149 00:05:42,041 --> 00:05:43,910 >> OUT OF ALL THE DISCOVERIES 150 00:05:43,910 --> 00:05:45,812 MADE IN THE APOLLO PROGRAM, WHAT 151 00:05:45,812 --> 00:05:46,512 WAS ONE OF THE BIGGEST? 152 00:05:46,512 --> 00:05:48,014 >> I TELL YOU WHAT, ONE OF MY 153 00:05:48,014 --> 00:05:49,982 FAVORITE ONES WAS, SO HERE WE 154 00:05:49,982 --> 00:05:53,286 HAVE THE APOLLO 11 SITE RIGHT 155 00:05:53,286 --> 00:05:53,586 HERE. 156 00:05:53,586 --> 00:05:57,957 THE LANKING SITE IS IN MARE 157 00:05:57,957 --> 00:06:00,993 TRANQUILITATIS AND ALSO QUALED 158 00:06:00,993 --> 00:06:01,461 TRANQUILITY BAY. 159 00:06:01,461 --> 00:06:05,465 IT IS BETWEEN THE DARK AREA WE 160 00:06:05,465 --> 00:06:07,834 CALL MARE AND THE LIGHTER CROSS. 161 00:06:07,834 --> 00:06:10,203 THEY BROUGHT BACK 50 POUNDS OF 162 00:06:10,203 --> 00:06:11,637 LUNAR MATERIAL. 163 00:06:11,637 --> 00:06:13,272 BEAUTIFUL SETS OF ROCKS AND ALL 164 00:06:13,272 --> 00:06:18,010 SORTS OF THINGS LIKE THAT. 165 00:06:18,010 --> 00:06:27,019 ONE WAS A BEAUTIFUL FIND AN AN 166 00:06:27,019 --> 00:06:27,387 ORTHACITE. 167 00:06:27,387 --> 00:06:27,920 >> EXPLAIN THIS. 168 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:31,457 >> IT IS A ROCK THAT LOVES TO 169 00:06:31,457 --> 00:06:33,192 FLOAT ON TOP OF LAVA. 170 00:06:33,192 --> 00:06:34,026 THIS WAS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT 171 00:06:34,026 --> 00:06:36,629 HELPED US DISTINGUISH VARIOUS 172 00:06:36,629 --> 00:06:38,598 THEORIES ON HOW THE MOON WAS 173 00:06:38,598 --> 00:06:39,031 CREATED. 174 00:06:39,031 --> 00:06:41,968 A COUPLE OF THE THEORIES WE 175 00:06:41,968 --> 00:06:43,236 CAPTURED IT, ANOTHER IS THE 176 00:06:43,236 --> 00:06:45,338 EARTH WAS SPINNING SO FAST IT 177 00:06:45,338 --> 00:06:46,973 LOBBED OFF A CHUNK. 178 00:06:46,973 --> 00:06:48,975 BUT THE ONE WE REALLY WANTED TO 179 00:06:48,975 --> 00:06:52,078 LOOK AT WAS WHAT IS CALLED THE 180 00:06:52,078 --> 00:06:54,247 GIANT IMPACTS HYPOTHESIS. 181 00:06:54,247 --> 00:06:58,851 LET ME TAKE YOU BACK 4.6 BILLION 182 00:06:58,851 --> 00:06:59,552 YEAR, THE EARTH WAS BEING 183 00:06:59,552 --> 00:07:02,855 CREATED, A PROTO-EARTH, IF YOU 184 00:07:02,855 --> 00:07:03,890 WILL. 185 00:07:03,890 --> 00:07:07,493 ANOTHER OBJECT ABOUT MARS SIZE, 186 00:07:07,493 --> 00:07:11,464 THE TWO ATTRACTED BUT WAS 187 00:07:11,464 --> 00:07:11,964 PWHROEP APART. 188 00:07:11,964 --> 00:07:16,402 THE REMAINING MATERIAL OF THEA 189 00:07:16,402 --> 00:07:18,204 COME TOGETHER. 190 00:07:18,204 --> 00:07:20,807 MOLTON ROCK ALL OVER THE PLACE 191 00:07:20,807 --> 00:07:24,944 TO FORM A NEW ROCK WITH A NEW 192 00:07:24,944 --> 00:07:25,778 SURFACE. 193 00:07:25,778 --> 00:07:27,880 WE CALL IT THE LUNAR MAGMA 194 00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:28,181 OCEAN. 195 00:07:28,181 --> 00:07:35,555 WHAT FLOATS ON THAT IS THE 196 00:07:35,555 --> 00:07:35,955 ANORTHACITE. 197 00:07:35,955 --> 00:07:38,024 IT HELPED DISTINGUISH THE 198 00:07:38,024 --> 00:07:39,025 THEORIES. 199 00:07:39,025 --> 00:07:41,127 THE GIANT IMPACT HYPOTHESIS EVEN 200 00:07:41,127 --> 00:07:43,429 TODAY WE BELIEVE CREATED THE 201 00:07:43,429 --> 00:07:43,729 MOON. 202 00:07:43,729 --> 00:07:47,033 >> DOES THAT MEAN THE MOON IS 203 00:07:47,033 --> 00:07:53,072 EARTH'SI'S LITTLE BROTHER? 204 00:07:53,072 --> 00:07:53,473 >> YES. 205 00:07:53,473 --> 00:07:55,074 THE MORE WE LOOK AT THE 206 00:07:55,074 --> 00:07:57,944 MATERIAL, THE MORE WE SEE IT IS 207 00:07:57,944 --> 00:07:58,444 EARTH-LIKE. 208 00:07:58,444 --> 00:07:59,645 >> TALKING APOLLO 11. 209 00:07:59,645 --> 00:08:02,882 WE'LL TALK THAT AND GO INTO THE 210 00:08:02,882 --> 00:08:03,216 FUTURE. 211 00:08:03,216 --> 00:08:05,084 THERE IS AN INTERESTING STORY 212 00:08:05,084 --> 00:08:06,252 ABOUT THE ROCKS WHEN THEY CAME 213 00:08:06,252 --> 00:08:08,454 ABOARD THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER. 214 00:08:08,454 --> 00:08:10,356 THEY DEALT WITH SOME LITTLE 215 00:08:10,356 --> 00:08:13,159 CRAWLEY THINGS. 216 00:08:13,159 --> 00:08:14,026 >> YOU KNOW, I TELL YOU, WE DID 217 00:08:14,026 --> 00:08:15,995 NOT KNOW MUCH ABOUT OUR NEAREST 218 00:08:15,995 --> 00:08:17,463 NEIGHBOR, ALL RIGHT? 219 00:08:17,463 --> 00:08:19,465 WE HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL 220 00:08:19,465 --> 00:08:20,900 BRINGING MATERIAL BACK FROM 221 00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:23,102 SPACE MAY HAVE PATH GENS. 222 00:08:23,102 --> 00:08:25,104 THOSE THINGS THAT WOULD AFFECT 223 00:08:25,104 --> 00:08:26,939 OUR LIFE AND SO WE HAD TO BE 224 00:08:26,939 --> 00:08:29,542 VERY CAREFUL ABOUT THAT. 225 00:08:29,542 --> 00:08:31,744 WE, THEN, HAD A SERIES OF 226 00:08:31,744 --> 00:08:33,613 PROCESSES TO DETERMINE THAT THE 227 00:08:33,613 --> 00:08:34,981 ASTRONAUTS WHEN THEY CAME BACK 228 00:08:34,981 --> 00:08:40,620 WERE SAFE TO REINTRO DUCE INTO 229 00:08:40,620 --> 00:08:42,321 OUR POPULATION AND PATH GENS 230 00:08:42,321 --> 00:08:45,358 THEY BROUGHT BACK FROM THE MOON. 231 00:08:45,358 --> 00:08:46,659 THE FIRST THING IF YOU CAN 232 00:08:46,659 --> 00:08:48,494 IMAGINE, THERE IS A CAPSULE 233 00:08:48,494 --> 00:08:50,029 FLOATING IN THE WATER AND THE 234 00:08:50,029 --> 00:08:50,663 SCUBA DIVERS COME UP. 235 00:08:50,663 --> 00:08:53,733 THEY THROW INTO -- OPEN THE 236 00:08:53,733 --> 00:08:57,570 HATCH A LITTLE BIT AND FLOW INTO 237 00:08:57,570 --> 00:08:58,170 THE CAPSULE THREE SUITS. 238 00:08:58,170 --> 00:09:01,507 THEY ARE CALLED THE BIOLOGICAL 239 00:09:01,507 --> 00:09:03,009 ISOLATION GARMENTS. 240 00:09:03,009 --> 00:09:03,743 >> BIG FOR SHORT. 241 00:09:03,743 --> 00:09:06,712 >> THE BIGS, THAT'S RIGHT. 242 00:09:06,712 --> 00:09:08,080 >> ALWAYS AN ACROW ANYMORE. 243 00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:09,815 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 244 00:09:09,815 --> 00:09:11,651 THEY PUT THE BIGS ON TO KEEP 245 00:09:11,651 --> 00:09:13,185 THEM ISOLATED FROM WHAT WAS 246 00:09:13,185 --> 00:09:14,120 GOING TO HAPPEN NEXT. 247 00:09:14,120 --> 00:09:15,788 THEY TOOK THEM OUT OF THE 248 00:09:15,788 --> 00:09:21,093 CAPSULE AND BROUGHT THEM UP. 249 00:09:21,093 --> 00:09:22,862 66 THE BEAUTIFUL HELICOPTER. 250 00:09:22,862 --> 00:09:23,863 ONE AT A TIME AND THEN BROUGHT 251 00:09:23,863 --> 00:09:26,566 THEM BACK TO THE CARRIER. 252 00:09:26,566 --> 00:09:28,501 THE HORNET AND LANDED ON THE 253 00:09:28,501 --> 00:09:28,801 DECK. 254 00:09:28,801 --> 00:09:31,470 FROM THERE THEY MOVED INTO THE 255 00:09:31,470 --> 00:09:33,673 MOBILE QUARANTINE FACILITY, AN 256 00:09:33,673 --> 00:09:36,442 AIR STREAM TRAILER AND LOCKED IT 257 00:09:36,442 --> 00:09:37,009 UP, ALL RIGHT? 258 00:09:37,009 --> 00:09:39,979 NOW THEY ARE REALLY ISOLATED. 259 00:09:39,979 --> 00:09:41,681 WHAT HAPPENS NEXT IS WE THEN 260 00:09:41,681 --> 00:09:43,883 HAVE ACCESS TO THE LUNAR ROCKS. 261 00:09:43,883 --> 00:09:46,619 IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT WE 262 00:09:46,619 --> 00:09:48,354 ADD MICE, OKAY? 263 00:09:48,354 --> 00:09:48,754 >> MICE? 264 00:09:48,754 --> 00:09:50,089 >> YES, WE ADDED MICE. 265 00:09:50,089 --> 00:09:51,958 WE WANTED TO SEE IF THERE WERE 266 00:09:51,958 --> 00:09:56,028 PATH GENS IN THOSE ROCKS, OKAY, 267 00:09:56,028 --> 00:09:58,864 AND IF THE MICE WOULD SURVIVE OR 268 00:09:58,864 --> 00:09:59,365 NOT. 269 00:09:59,365 --> 00:09:59,899 OF COURSE, THEY DID. 270 00:09:59,899 --> 00:10:01,334 AND THAT ENABLED US TO REALIZE 271 00:10:01,334 --> 00:10:03,502 THERE IS NO PATH GENS FOR US TO 272 00:10:03,502 --> 00:10:05,504 WORRY ABOUT ON THE -- PATHOGENS 273 00:10:05,504 --> 00:10:07,306 TO WORRY ABOUT ON THE MOON. 274 00:10:07,306 --> 00:10:10,409 >> LIKE A CANAIR NEA COAL MINE. 275 00:10:10,409 --> 00:10:10,910 >> EXACTLY. 276 00:10:10,910 --> 00:10:15,381 A PERFECT A AANALOGY. 277 00:10:15,381 --> 00:10:18,718 WE OPEN THE DOOR AND LET THEM 278 00:10:18,718 --> 00:10:18,985 OUT. 279 00:10:18,985 --> 00:10:19,785 >> WHAT DO WE DO WITH THE MICE? 280 00:10:19,785 --> 00:10:20,720 >> I DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPEN TO 281 00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:21,320 THE MICE. 282 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:22,355 >> THEY SERVED THEIR PURPOSE. 283 00:10:22,355 --> 00:10:24,490 >> THEY SERVED THEIR PURPOSE. 284 00:10:24,490 --> 00:10:24,991 >> FANTASTIC. 285 00:10:24,991 --> 00:10:28,260 WELCOME AGAIN, TO NASA SCIENCE 286 00:10:28,260 --> 00:10:29,895 LIVE FROM THE USS HORNET. 287 00:10:29,895 --> 00:10:40,139 SEND IN YOUR QUESTIONS TO HARB # 288 00:10:40,139 --> 00:10:40,439 NASA. 289 00:10:40,439 --> 00:10:43,409 IS THE MOON CONSIDERED ANOTHER 290 00:10:43,409 --> 00:10:43,709 WORLD? 291 00:10:43,709 --> 00:10:44,343 >> GOOD QUESTION. 292 00:10:44,343 --> 00:10:46,712 IT IS A SIGNIFICANT BODY IN 293 00:10:46,712 --> 00:10:47,013 SIZE. 294 00:10:47,013 --> 00:10:50,449 IN MANY WAYS IT IS ALMOST 295 00:10:50,449 --> 00:10:51,083 PLANETARY SCALE. 296 00:10:51,083 --> 00:10:53,953 IN FACT, IF IT ORBITED THE SUN 297 00:10:53,953 --> 00:10:55,755 WE WOULD CALL IT A PLANET. 298 00:10:55,755 --> 00:10:57,890 THAT'S HOW IT GOES. 299 00:10:57,890 --> 00:10:59,225 I WOULD SAY YES, THE MOON IS NOT 300 00:10:59,225 --> 00:11:02,628 ONLY ANOTHER WORLD, BUT PLANET 301 00:11:02,628 --> 00:11:03,829 SIZE. 302 00:11:03,829 --> 00:11:05,464 >> ANOTHER QUESTION. 303 00:11:05,464 --> 00:11:06,999 WHAT DID THE ASTRONAUTS SEE ON 304 00:11:06,999 --> 00:11:08,934 THE MOON? 305 00:11:08,934 --> 00:11:10,703 >> WELL, BUZZ DESCRIBE THE IT I 306 00:11:10,703 --> 00:11:11,170 THINK VERY WELL. 307 00:11:11,170 --> 00:11:14,073 THE BEAUTIFUL PICTURES THAT WE 308 00:11:14,073 --> 00:11:17,543 BROUGHT BACK AND HE CALLED IT 309 00:11:17,543 --> 00:11:22,014 MAGNIFICENT DESOLENCE. 310 00:11:22,014 --> 00:11:24,684 IT WAS BEAUTIFUL AND HAD GRAY 311 00:11:24,684 --> 00:11:25,484 TONES. 312 00:11:25,484 --> 00:11:27,787 IT JUST WAS ANOTHER WORLD. 313 00:11:27,787 --> 00:11:32,825 CONTRAST THAT W WITH WHEN THEY S 314 00:11:32,825 --> 00:11:34,860 THE EARTH, THE BEAUTIFUL BLUE 315 00:11:34,860 --> 00:11:36,095 MARBLE, WE CALL IT WITH OCEANS 316 00:11:36,095 --> 00:11:39,231 AND CLOUDS ABOVE THEM. 317 00:11:39,231 --> 00:11:40,032 IT WAS QUITE THE CONDRAFT. 318 00:11:40,032 --> 00:11:42,835 >> ANOTHER QUESTION ON TWITTER: 319 00:11:42,835 --> 00:11:45,104 WHAT WAS SPECIAL IN ROCKS WE GOT 320 00:11:45,104 --> 00:11:46,872 FROM THE MOON? 321 00:11:46,872 --> 00:11:48,507 >> ACTUALLY, WE REALLY HAVE BEEN 322 00:11:48,507 --> 00:11:49,108 TEASING THEM OUT. 323 00:11:49,108 --> 00:11:51,377 WE DON'T ANALYZE ALL THE ROCKS 324 00:11:51,377 --> 00:11:54,547 FROM ALL SIX APOLLOS WE BROUGHT 325 00:11:54,547 --> 00:11:56,649 BACK ABOUT 840 POUNDS OF ROCK 326 00:11:56,649 --> 00:11:57,183 MATERIAL. 327 00:11:57,183 --> 00:12:00,052 25% OF THAT WE HAVE KEPT ASIDE, 328 00:12:00,052 --> 00:12:01,187 ALL RIGHT. 329 00:12:01,187 --> 00:12:02,555 WE HAVEN'T INTERROGATED THEM. 330 00:12:02,555 --> 00:12:04,290 AND THAT IS BECAUSE WE WANT TO 331 00:12:04,290 --> 00:12:06,625 LOOK AT THE ROCKSES THAT WE 332 00:12:06,625 --> 00:12:07,693 HAVE. 333 00:12:07,693 --> 00:12:09,562 WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO ANALYZE 334 00:12:09,562 --> 00:12:11,363 THEM, LEARN NEW THINGS SO WE 335 00:12:11,363 --> 00:12:13,566 THEN CAN USE THE ADDITIONAL 336 00:12:13,566 --> 00:12:15,501 SAMPLES, PLUS THE LIBERTY 337 00:12:15,501 --> 00:12:17,169 EQUIPMENT IS GETTING SO GOOD WE 338 00:12:17,169 --> 00:12:19,538 CAN TAKE CT SCANS AND LOOK 339 00:12:19,538 --> 00:12:19,872 INSIDE. 340 00:12:19,872 --> 00:12:21,107 WE CAN SEE WHAT ARE CALLED 341 00:12:21,107 --> 00:12:24,543 ISOTONIGHTS AND FIGURE OUT THE 342 00:12:24,543 --> 00:12:26,245 MINERROLOGY AND HOW THE ATOMS 343 00:12:26,245 --> 00:12:29,482 ARE ALIGNED AND MATRIXES TO MAKE 344 00:12:29,482 --> 00:12:31,517 UP DIFFERENCE MATERIAL. 345 00:12:31,517 --> 00:12:35,755 THE MOON IS MOSTLY EARTH-LIKE. 346 00:12:35,755 --> 00:12:37,323 >> WOW. 347 00:12:37,323 --> 00:12:37,623 OKAY. 348 00:12:37,623 --> 00:12:40,259 KEEP SENDING IN YOUR QUESTIONS 349 00:12:40,259 --> 00:12:43,963 HERE AT #ASK NASA. 350 00:12:43,963 --> 00:12:48,834 WE WILL GO B BACK TO CINDY WHERE 351 00:12:48,834 --> 00:12:50,770 SHE IS NOT TO THE TEST CAPSULE 352 00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:51,670 FOR THE TEAM TO MAKE SURE THEY 353 00:12:51,670 --> 00:12:54,507 WERE READY FOR RECOVERY 354 00:12:54,507 --> 00:12:55,341 OPERATIONS FOR THE REAL THING. 355 00:12:55,341 --> 00:12:56,842 >> HI, WELCOME BACK. 356 00:12:56,842 --> 00:13:00,279 I WANT TO INTRODUCE YOU TO OUR 357 00:13:00,279 --> 00:13:00,746 APOLLO CAPSULE. 358 00:13:00,746 --> 00:13:04,116 YOU CAN SEE HOW TIGHT IT WAS FOR 359 00:13:04,116 --> 00:13:04,917 THREE MEN TO BE IN THERE FOR 360 00:13:04,917 --> 00:13:06,051 SEVEN DAYS. 361 00:13:06,051 --> 00:13:06,585 NOW IT'S VERY TIGHT. 362 00:13:06,585 --> 00:13:09,088 THEY HAD ON SPACE SUITS. 363 00:13:09,088 --> 00:13:12,558 THEY HAD LIMITED MOBILITY EXCEPT 364 00:13:12,558 --> 00:13:18,130 MICHAEL KWO COLLINS WAS LUCKY. 365 00:13:18,130 --> 00:13:21,834 HE WAS ORBITING THE MOON WHEN 366 00:13:21,834 --> 00:13:23,502 THE OTHERS WERE ON THE LUNAR 367 00:13:23,502 --> 00:13:24,270 SURFACE. 368 00:13:24,270 --> 00:13:25,304 HE COULD SPREAD OUT AND RELAX 369 00:13:25,304 --> 00:13:26,906 AND NOT TALK TO ANYBODY. 370 00:13:26,906 --> 00:13:27,640 HE LOVED IT. 371 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:30,075 THERE ARE SPACE SUITS THAT ARE 372 00:13:30,075 --> 00:13:30,976 VACANT AND DOWN THERE YOU WOULD 373 00:13:30,976 --> 00:13:32,812 HAVE A LOT OF EQUIPMENT AND 374 00:13:32,812 --> 00:13:34,113 SUPPLIES THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE 375 00:13:34,113 --> 00:13:34,547 UNIT. 376 00:13:34,547 --> 00:13:37,316 THIS CAPSULE WAS VERY IMPORTANT. 377 00:13:37,316 --> 00:13:39,218 IT'S AN EXACT REPLICA OF THE ONE 378 00:13:39,218 --> 00:13:41,120 THAT WENT TO THE MOON. 379 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:42,955 IT WENT TO SPACE TO TEST THE 380 00:13:42,955 --> 00:13:46,192 HEAT SHIELD AND ALSO THE 381 00:13:46,192 --> 00:13:46,725 INSTRUMENTS INSIDE. 382 00:13:46,725 --> 00:13:48,194 IT WAS UNMANNED. 383 00:13:48,194 --> 00:13:52,631 ONCE IT CAME BACK IT WANTED TO 384 00:13:52,631 --> 00:13:55,401 SEE IF IT WOULD TOLERATE A HARD 385 00:13:55,401 --> 00:13:56,101 LANDING. 386 00:13:56,101 --> 00:13:58,470 WE ACTUALLY LAUNCH FROM OVER THE 387 00:13:58,470 --> 00:13:59,939 OCEAN AND WE LAND IN THE OCEAN 388 00:13:59,939 --> 00:14:02,274 FOR SOFT LANDINGS. 389 00:14:02,274 --> 00:14:03,509 WE'LL SHOW YOU WHY. 390 00:14:03,509 --> 00:14:06,412 LET'S WALK AROUND AND LOOK AND 391 00:14:06,412 --> 00:14:09,949 SEE WHY A HARD LANDING COULD 392 00:14:09,949 --> 00:14:13,452 HAVE SEVERE IMPLICATIONS. 393 00:14:13,452 --> 00:14:16,088 THIS IS DROPPED FROM A HIGH 394 00:14:16,088 --> 00:14:16,889 TOWER AND LANDED ON A HARD 395 00:14:16,889 --> 00:14:17,623 SURFACE. 396 00:14:17,623 --> 00:14:18,724 THIS IS WHAT THE IMPACT THAT 397 00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:21,293 HAPPENED. 398 00:14:21,293 --> 00:14:22,094 COME AROUND TO THE REAR. 399 00:14:22,094 --> 00:14:23,929 YOU COME AROUND ALL THE WAY TO 400 00:14:23,929 --> 00:14:25,965 THE REAR OF THE CAPSULE AND LOOK 401 00:14:25,965 --> 00:14:27,166 AT THIS. 402 00:14:27,166 --> 00:14:29,301 IT ACTUALLY CRACKED THE 403 00:14:29,301 --> 00:14:29,668 STRUCTURE. 404 00:14:29,668 --> 00:14:32,271 YOU SEE THE CRACKS. 405 00:14:32,271 --> 00:14:34,340 THIS COULD NOT HAVE SURVIVED 406 00:14:34,340 --> 00:14:34,773 HARD LANDINGS. 407 00:14:34,773 --> 00:14:38,077 THEY ACTUALLY DONATED IT TO US. 408 00:14:38,077 --> 00:14:40,713 IT'S ON LOAN FOR US TO ENJOY SO 409 00:14:40,713 --> 00:14:42,014 THE PUBLIC CAN SEE IT. 410 00:14:42,014 --> 00:14:43,682 IT'S GOOD FOR EDUCATION 411 00:14:43,682 --> 00:14:44,049 PURPOSES. 412 00:14:44,049 --> 00:14:45,784 YOU CAN SEE THE HEAT SHIELD HAS 413 00:14:45,784 --> 00:14:48,888 BEEN REPLACED BUT THIS WOULD 414 00:14:48,888 --> 00:14:49,989 DEMONSTRATE HOW THE HEAT SHIELD 415 00:14:49,989 --> 00:14:51,657 IS BUILT. 416 00:14:51,657 --> 00:14:53,726 ACTUALLY ALL THE WIRING THAT IS 417 00:14:53,726 --> 00:14:56,929 THROUGHOUT THE CAPSULE FOR 418 00:14:56,929 --> 00:15:00,099 ELECTRICITY, COMMUNICATION AND 419 00:15:00,099 --> 00:15:06,238 FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, TO GATH 420 00:15:06,238 --> 00:15:08,574 GATHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. 421 00:15:08,574 --> 00:15:10,676 WE'LL COME BACK TO THE FRONT AND 422 00:15:10,676 --> 00:15:11,110 HELLO DWAYNE. 423 00:15:11,110 --> 00:15:12,411 HOW ARE YOU? 424 00:15:12,411 --> 00:15:15,347 >> I'M FINE CINDY, HOW ARE YOU? 425 00:15:15,347 --> 00:15:15,748 >> FINE. 426 00:15:15,748 --> 00:15:17,016 >> WE'RE KEEPING YOU BUSY. 427 00:15:17,016 --> 00:15:17,416 >> YES. 428 00:15:17,416 --> 00:15:18,717 >> IT'S AN HONOR TO BE HERE 429 00:15:18,717 --> 00:15:19,318 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 430 00:15:19,318 --> 00:15:21,186 YOU TALK TO THOUSANDS, MILLIONS 431 00:15:21,186 --> 00:15:24,256 OF FOLKSES ABOUT THIS INCREDIBLE 432 00:15:24,256 --> 00:15:25,090 FACILITY AND THE HISTORY. 433 00:15:25,090 --> 00:15:26,892 ONE IS THE MORE COMMON QUESTIONS 434 00:15:26,892 --> 00:15:30,195 YOU GET ABOUT THE CAPSULE? 435 00:15:30,195 --> 00:15:30,963 >> ACTUALLY BECAUSE THERE WERE 436 00:15:30,963 --> 00:15:32,364 THREE MEN IN SEVEN DAY, A LOT OF 437 00:15:32,364 --> 00:15:33,933 THE KIDS WANT TO KNOW WHAT WAS 438 00:15:33,933 --> 00:15:37,002 THE ENVIRONMENT LIKE WHEN THEY 439 00:15:37,002 --> 00:15:38,771 CAME BACK FROM THE MOON, THE 440 00:15:38,771 --> 00:15:39,071 SMELL. 441 00:15:39,071 --> 00:15:41,206 ID YOU HAVE BEEN IN THERE FOR 442 00:15:41,206 --> 00:15:44,009 SERVE DAYS, YOU LEFT AND CAME 443 00:15:44,009 --> 00:15:45,678 BACK WHAT YOU LEFT WITH, DID YOU 444 00:15:45,678 --> 00:15:46,512 TAKE A SHOWER FOR SEVEN DAYS? 445 00:15:46,512 --> 00:15:50,849 THE KIDS GO OH, NO. 446 00:15:50,849 --> 00:15:51,116 NO. 447 00:15:51,116 --> 00:15:52,818 THEY SAID YEAH. 448 00:15:52,818 --> 00:15:54,420 VERY, VERY MEMORABLE. 449 00:15:54,420 --> 00:15:55,921 >> I CAN ONLY IMAGINE. 450 00:15:55,921 --> 00:15:58,223 WE WON'T GO IN GRAPHIC DETAIL. 451 00:15:58,223 --> 00:15:59,992 ONE MORE QUESTION, OBVIOUSLY 452 00:15:59,992 --> 00:16:01,727 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SPACE TRAVEL 453 00:16:01,727 --> 00:16:04,430 THERE IS A LOT OF MATH INVOLVED. 454 00:16:04,430 --> 00:16:04,830 >> YES. 455 00:16:04,830 --> 00:16:06,265 >> THEY DIN'T HAVE COMPUTERS 456 00:16:06,265 --> 00:16:07,866 BACK THEN DURING APOLLO. 457 00:16:07,866 --> 00:16:09,802 IT REMINDS ME OF THE MOVIE 458 00:16:09,802 --> 00:16:13,038 HIDDEN FIGURES, RIGHT? 459 00:16:13,038 --> 00:16:13,439 >> YES. 460 00:16:13,439 --> 00:16:15,140 >> GIVE ME MORE DETAIL. 461 00:16:15,140 --> 00:16:20,145 >> THEY USED SLIDE RULE. 462 00:16:20,145 --> 00:16:24,283 AND THEY USED A SEXTON AND THEY 463 00:16:24,283 --> 00:16:26,318 HAD TE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WAS 464 00:16:26,318 --> 00:16:29,321 NOT AS SOPHISTICATED AND THEY 465 00:16:29,321 --> 00:16:31,890 PRACTICED AND COMMUNICATED WITH 466 00:16:31,890 --> 00:16:32,591 HOUSTON AND BACK AND FORTH AND 467 00:16:32,591 --> 00:16:33,826 A LOT OF IT HAD TO DO WITH HOW 468 00:16:33,826 --> 00:16:36,762 THEY WERE GOING TO TOLERATE 469 00:16:36,762 --> 00:16:38,330 LANDING IN THE OCEAN. 470 00:16:38,330 --> 00:16:41,633 WHETHER THEY DID LAND IN THE 471 00:16:41,633 --> 00:16:42,334 CAPSULE IN THE OCEAN THEY WERE 472 00:16:42,334 --> 00:16:43,202 UPSIDE DOWN AND THE OCEAN WAS 473 00:16:43,202 --> 00:16:43,736 MOVING QUITE A BIT. 474 00:16:43,736 --> 00:16:45,504 WHEN THE ASTRONAUTS CAME OUT AND 475 00:16:45,504 --> 00:16:48,774 THEY HAD ON THEIR BIG SUITS THEY 476 00:16:48,774 --> 00:16:50,542 HAD TO BE VERY MOBILE AND BE 477 00:16:50,542 --> 00:16:52,578 QUICKLY TRANSFERRED FROM THE 478 00:16:52,578 --> 00:16:57,082 CAPSULE TO THE HORNET. 479 00:16:57,082 --> 00:17:00,019 >> THE BIG SUITS. 480 00:17:00,019 --> 00:17:02,121 >> THE BIG SUIT, RIGHT. 481 00:17:02,121 --> 00:17:04,289 THEY HAD TO BE MOVED FROM THE 482 00:17:04,289 --> 00:17:05,958 CAPSULE INTO THE HELICOPTER TO 483 00:17:05,958 --> 00:17:08,193 THE HORNET AND MOBILE QUARANTINE 484 00:17:08,193 --> 00:17:09,528 FACILITY WE'LL TALK ABOUT AT 485 00:17:09,528 --> 00:17:09,962 ANOTHER TIME. 486 00:17:09,962 --> 00:17:11,363 >> LOOK FORWARD TO IT. 487 00:17:11,363 --> 00:17:12,865 >> THANK YOU. 488 00:17:12,865 --> 00:17:13,632 >> WE'LL TALK TO YOU LATER IN 489 00:17:13,632 --> 00:17:14,733 THE SHOW. 490 00:17:14,733 --> 00:17:15,367 >> THANK YOU, DWAYNE. 491 00:17:15,367 --> 00:17:18,437 >> WE'LL TALK ABOUT TECHNOLOGY. 492 00:17:18,437 --> 00:17:20,005 IT IS VERY IMPORTANT. 493 00:17:20,005 --> 00:17:21,974 AND WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 494 00:17:21,974 --> 00:17:22,674 TECHNOLOGY IF IT DOESN'T WORK 495 00:17:22,674 --> 00:17:23,809 WE'LL HAVE A BAD DAY. 496 00:17:23,809 --> 00:17:28,781 I'M JOINED BY JEREMY VANDER KAM. 497 00:17:28,781 --> 00:17:29,181 >> SIR. 498 00:17:29,181 --> 00:17:30,749 >> LOVE THE NAME. 499 00:17:30,749 --> 00:17:31,116 VERY COOL. 500 00:17:31,116 --> 00:17:33,018 WHAT IS YOUR TITLE AND WHAT DO 501 00:17:33,018 --> 00:17:33,519 YOU DO. 502 00:17:33,519 --> 00:17:35,220 >> I'M THE DEPUTY MANAGER FOR 503 00:17:35,220 --> 00:17:38,323 THE ORION THERMAL PROTECTION 504 00:17:38,323 --> 00:17:38,657 SYSTEM. 505 00:17:38,657 --> 00:17:41,460 IT GO AROUND THE OUTSIDE OF THE 506 00:17:41,460 --> 00:17:43,595 VEHICLE TO KEEP IT FROM HEATING 507 00:17:43,595 --> 00:17:46,131 DURING REENTRY. 508 00:17:46,131 --> 00:17:49,234 >> SO THE HEAT SHIELD, VERY 509 00:17:49,234 --> 00:17:51,036 IMPORTANT: WHY DO WE NEED THE 510 00:17:51,036 --> 00:17:52,671 HEAT SHIELD? 511 00:17:52,671 --> 00:17:53,505 BETTER YET, HOW DO YOU DESIGN IT 512 00:17:53,505 --> 00:17:54,773 TO MAKE SURE IT WORKS? 513 00:17:54,773 --> 00:17:59,111 >> WE HAVE TWO MAJOR TYPE OF 514 00:17:59,111 --> 00:18:06,552 HEAT SHIELDS WE MAKE ON THE 515 00:18:06,552 --> 00:18:07,753 PHUGZ FLOWN. 516 00:18:07,753 --> 00:18:11,390 THE FIRST IS A INSULATOR THAT IS 517 00:18:11,390 --> 00:18:13,525 A TILE MATERIAL AND USED ON THE 518 00:18:13,525 --> 00:18:16,161 SPACE SHUTTLE AND ORION. 519 00:18:16,161 --> 00:18:18,597 THEY LOOK ABOUT THE WAY THEY DID 520 00:18:18,597 --> 00:18:19,331 WHETHER THEY LAUNCHED WHEN THEY 521 00:18:19,331 --> 00:18:19,998 COME BACK. 522 00:18:19,998 --> 00:18:21,633 THE SURFACES CAN REACH 523 00:18:21,633 --> 00:18:22,968 TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 2,000 AND 524 00:18:22,968 --> 00:18:24,069 3,000 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 525 00:18:24,069 --> 00:18:25,571 THE PART ATTACHED TO THE VEHICLE 526 00:18:25,571 --> 00:18:30,576 WILL STAY A NICE COMFORTABLE 100 527 00:18:30,576 --> 00:18:32,377 DEGREES OR SO. 528 00:18:32,377 --> 00:18:35,814 FOR MORE AGGRESSIVE LIKE THE 529 00:18:35,814 --> 00:18:38,784 ARRAIGN CAPSULE AS PART OF THE 530 00:18:38,784 --> 00:18:39,251 ARTEMIS PROGRAM. 531 00:18:39,251 --> 00:18:42,354 WE ARE GOING 11-KILOMETERS PER 532 00:18:42,354 --> 00:18:43,021 SECOND AND WE NEED MATERIALS 533 00:18:43,021 --> 00:18:45,724 THAT ARE ABLATIVE. 534 00:18:45,724 --> 00:18:46,558 THIS SAMPLE WAS TAKEN FROM THE 535 00:18:46,558 --> 00:18:51,230 FIRST ORION FLIGHT-TEST IN 2014. 536 00:18:51,230 --> 00:18:53,065 THEIR SURFACE TEMPERATURES MAY 537 00:18:53,065 --> 00:18:55,868 BE BETWEEN 4,000 AND 5,000 538 00:18:55,868 --> 00:18:56,401 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 539 00:18:56,401 --> 00:18:59,438 THAT ENERGY REACTS WITH THE 540 00:18:59,438 --> 00:19:00,072 MATERIAL AND CONSUMES THE 541 00:19:00,072 --> 00:19:01,507 MATERIAL AND CONSUMES ENERGY 542 00:19:01,507 --> 00:19:02,608 ITSELF. 543 00:19:02,608 --> 00:19:04,610 WE CAN TOLERATE MUCH HIGHER 544 00:19:04,610 --> 00:19:05,444 TEMPERATURES AND KEEP THE PART 545 00:19:05,444 --> 00:19:07,312 BONDED TO THE VEHICLE, AGAIN, 546 00:19:07,312 --> 00:19:11,150 A MICE COMFORTABLE, SAY 100 547 00:19:11,150 --> 00:19:13,418 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 548 00:19:13,418 --> 00:19:14,520 >> FANTASTIC. 549 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:15,320 YOU TALKED ABOUT ORION AND WE'LL 550 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:17,156 TALK ABOUT ARTEMIS LATER IN THE 551 00:19:17,156 --> 00:19:17,489 PROGRAM. 552 00:19:17,489 --> 00:19:18,857 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 553 00:19:18,857 --> 00:19:21,960 THE APOLLO MATERIAL VERSUS 554 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:22,361 ORION. 555 00:19:22,361 --> 00:19:24,930 >> THERE IS SOME VERY, VERY 556 00:19:24,930 --> 00:19:25,464 CLOSE SIMILARITIES. 557 00:19:25,464 --> 00:19:28,600 THE APOLLO CAPSULE USED ASCOAT 558 00:19:28,600 --> 00:19:30,502 OVER THEIR ENTIRE SURFACE. 559 00:19:30,502 --> 00:19:32,371 THAT'S WHAT THIS MATERIAL HERE 560 00:19:32,371 --> 00:19:32,771 IS. 561 00:19:32,771 --> 00:19:37,309 FOR ORION WE USED AVCOAT ON THE 562 00:19:37,309 --> 00:19:40,812 BAY HEAT SHIELD AND OUR FIRST 563 00:19:40,812 --> 00:19:42,481 FLIGHT-TEST BUILT IT THE SAME 564 00:19:42,481 --> 00:19:44,583 WAY APOLLO DID, WITH THE HONEY 565 00:19:44,583 --> 00:19:47,920 ON COMB STRUCTURE AND THE 566 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:49,454 ABLATIVE MATERIAL IN EACH CELL 567 00:19:49,454 --> 00:19:50,122 OF THE HONEYCOMB. 568 00:19:50,122 --> 00:19:52,824 IN THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM WE ARE 569 00:19:52,824 --> 00:19:55,661 USING THE SAME IT ARE THE BUT 570 00:19:55,661 --> 00:19:57,029 WITH MOW HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE. 571 00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:58,897 WE MOLD IT INTO BLOCKS TO BOND 572 00:19:58,897 --> 00:20:03,502 ON AND THAT MAKES, GIVES US 573 00:20:03,502 --> 00:20:04,403 A MUCH MORE EFFICIENT 574 00:20:04,403 --> 00:20:05,537 MANUFACTURING PROCESS. 575 00:20:05,537 --> 00:20:08,640 ON ARRAIGN WE USE INSILL 576 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:10,309 EIGHTIVE MATERIALS ON THE COOLER 577 00:20:10,309 --> 00:20:11,176 PART OF THE MATERIAL IN TILES 578 00:20:11,176 --> 00:20:14,413 THAT ALLOW US TO HAVE AN 579 00:20:14,413 --> 00:20:16,515 EFFICIENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS. 580 00:20:16,515 --> 00:20:19,351 >> THIS IS LIKE MY COFFEE TABLE 581 00:20:19,351 --> 00:20:21,486 AT HOME, BUT I'M SURE -- 582 00:20:21,486 --> 00:20:25,991 >> MORE EXPENSE I. 583 00:20:25,991 --> 00:20:26,491 [LAUGHING] 584 00:20:26,491 --> 00:20:27,059 -- EXPENSIVE. 585 00:20:27,059 --> 00:20:27,426 [LAUGHING] 586 00:20:27,426 --> 00:20:28,760 >> CAN'T AFFORD THAT. 587 00:20:28,760 --> 00:20:30,929 >> KEEP THE QUESTIONS COMING IN. 588 00:20:30,929 --> 00:20:33,765 WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM 589 00:20:33,765 --> 00:20:34,566 FACEBOOK: WHAT WAS THE MATERIAL 590 00:20:34,566 --> 00:20:38,170 USED FOR THE OUTSIDE OF THE 591 00:20:38,170 --> 00:20:39,571 APOLLO CAPSULE. 592 00:20:39,571 --> 00:20:44,876 >> THE AVCOAT MATERIAL WE JUST 593 00:20:44,876 --> 00:20:46,111 DISCUSSED. 594 00:20:46,111 --> 00:20:48,614 >> ON TWITTER: WILL THIS 595 00:20:48,614 --> 00:20:49,748 TECHNOLOGY BE USED FOR EVERYDAY 596 00:20:49,748 --> 00:20:51,984 LIFE HERE ON EARTH? 597 00:20:51,984 --> 00:20:54,720 >> OUR HEAT SHIELD MATERIALS 598 00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:55,420 TYPICALLY DON'T FIND THEIR WAY 599 00:20:55,420 --> 00:20:58,357 INTO EVERYDAY LIFE ON EARTH. 600 00:20:58,357 --> 00:21:00,392 THEY ARE CREATED TO DO ONE THING 601 00:21:00,392 --> 00:21:01,093 AND THAT'S TO BE A HEAT SHIELD 602 00:21:01,093 --> 00:21:01,526 MATERIAL. 603 00:21:01,526 --> 00:21:03,762 YOU WON'T SEE THEM AROUND EXCEPT 604 00:21:03,762 --> 00:21:08,100 IN MUSEUMS ON SPACECRAFT. 605 00:21:08,100 --> 00:21:08,934 >> SO WORKING ON A TEAM THAT IS 606 00:21:08,934 --> 00:21:11,470 SO IMPORTANT, GIVE US SOME SORT 607 00:21:11,470 --> 00:21:13,705 OF IDEA HOW BIG A TEAM WOULD BE 608 00:21:13,705 --> 00:21:15,807 FOR THE ORION WE ARE TALKING 609 00:21:15,807 --> 00:21:16,708 ABOUT THAT. 610 00:21:16,708 --> 00:21:18,277 IS THERE ANYTHING THAT MAY KEEP 611 00:21:18,277 --> 00:21:20,212 THE TEAM UP AT NIGHT AS WE GET 612 00:21:20,212 --> 00:21:21,847 CLOSE TO LAUNCH SOMETHING. 613 00:21:21,847 --> 00:21:23,615 >> WE ARE BETWEEN 40 AND 50 614 00:21:23,615 --> 00:21:25,317 PEOPLE BETWEEN OUR INDUSTRY 615 00:21:25,317 --> 00:21:28,420 PARTNERS AND THE VARIOUS NASA 616 00:21:28,420 --> 00:21:28,820 CENTERS. 617 00:21:28,820 --> 00:21:30,322 WE SLEEP PRETTY WELL AT NIGHT. 618 00:21:30,322 --> 00:21:32,057 OUR BIGGEST CHALLENGE WHEN WE 619 00:21:32,057 --> 00:21:33,525 TEST THE MATERIALS ON THE GROUND 620 00:21:33,525 --> 00:21:38,764 WE USE A FACILITY CALLED AN ARC 621 00:21:38,764 --> 00:21:39,031 JET. 622 00:21:39,031 --> 00:21:40,399 WE CAN ONLY TEST SAMPLES BETWEEN 623 00:21:40,399 --> 00:21:42,834 4 AND 8 INCHES IN DIAMETER, 624 00:21:42,834 --> 00:21:45,837 SMALLER THAN A FULL-SIZED 625 00:21:45,837 --> 00:21:46,238 SPACECRAFT. 626 00:21:46,238 --> 00:21:49,241 UNTIL WE GET OUR FIRST BIG 627 00:21:49,241 --> 00:21:52,411 FLIGHT-TEST AT FULL-SCALE THE 628 00:21:52,411 --> 00:21:54,713 ARTEMIS 1 PHUGZ THERE IS 629 00:21:54,713 --> 00:21:57,949 UNCERTAINTY LEFT WE HAVEN'T 630 00:21:57,949 --> 00:21:58,684 GOTTEN OUT OF THE WAY YET. 631 00:21:58,684 --> 00:21:59,985 >> A QUESTION ON TWITTER: WHAT 632 00:21:59,985 --> 00:22:02,954 TYPE OF EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 633 00:22:02,954 --> 00:22:05,190 DO YOU NEED TO BE PART OF THE 634 00:22:05,190 --> 00:22:07,826 FUTURE ARTEMIS PROGRAM AND WORK 635 00:22:07,826 --> 00:22:10,195 ON HEAT SHIELD TECHNOLOGY? 636 00:22:10,195 --> 00:22:11,530 >> ACROSS THE PROGRAM ANYTHING 637 00:22:11,530 --> 00:22:13,832 IN THE STEM REALM WILL WORK. 638 00:22:13,832 --> 00:22:15,567 FOR OUR HEAT SHIELD TEAM, WE 639 00:22:15,567 --> 00:22:17,002 HAVE A LOT OF MATERIAL 640 00:22:17,002 --> 00:22:18,570 SCIENTISTS AND MECHANICAL 641 00:22:18,570 --> 00:22:20,706 ENGINEERS AND AEROSPACE 642 00:22:20,706 --> 00:22:22,074 ENGINEER, SYSTEM ENGINEERS AS 643 00:22:22,074 --> 00:22:22,374 WELL. 644 00:22:22,374 --> 00:22:25,477 >> HOW DID YOU GET INVOLVED IN 645 00:22:25,477 --> 00:22:25,777 THIS? 646 00:22:25,777 --> 00:22:26,478 WERE YOU TINKERING WITH THINGS 647 00:22:26,478 --> 00:22:27,813 AS A KID OR BUILDING THINGS? 648 00:22:27,813 --> 00:22:29,481 >> I DON'T KNOW. 649 00:22:29,481 --> 00:22:33,318 I HAD AN OBSESSION WITH ANYTHING 650 00:22:33,318 --> 00:22:34,019 THAT FLEW SINCE I WAS BORN AND 651 00:22:34,019 --> 00:22:36,188 FOUND MY WAY INTO NASA AND THE 652 00:22:36,188 --> 00:22:36,822 ORION PROGRAM. 653 00:22:36,822 --> 00:22:40,592 WHEN IT STARTED IN 2006, 654 00:22:40,592 --> 00:22:40,959 ACTUALLY. 655 00:22:40,959 --> 00:22:42,627 >> WHEN WE LOOK BACK AT APOLLO 656 00:22:42,627 --> 00:22:45,764 AND THE TEST COPIESULE. 657 00:22:45,764 --> 00:22:47,632 >> UH-HUH. 658 00:22:47,632 --> 00:22:49,668 >> DID YOU STUDY MANUALS OR TALK 659 00:22:49,668 --> 00:22:53,271 TO FOLKS TO BUILD ORION? 660 00:22:53,271 --> 00:22:55,774 >> YES, IT WAS A BIG PARTLET WE 661 00:22:55,774 --> 00:22:57,209 WENT INTO ALL THE HISTORY WE 662 00:22:57,209 --> 00:23:00,746 COULD FIND AND PULLING FILE CAB 663 00:23:00,746 --> 00:23:01,413 NITS OUT OF THE GARAGES AND 664 00:23:01,413 --> 00:23:02,514 READING EVERYTHING WE COULD GET 665 00:23:02,514 --> 00:23:04,249 OUR HANDS ON AND STUDIED OLD 666 00:23:04,249 --> 00:23:06,518 VEHICLES TO LEARN AS MUCH AS WE 667 00:23:06,518 --> 00:23:08,887 COULD ABOUT WHAT THEY DID AND WE 668 00:23:08,887 --> 00:23:09,488 COULD BRING FORWARD. 669 00:23:09,488 --> 00:23:11,323 >> WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP NOW? 670 00:23:11,323 --> 00:23:13,024 WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE ARTEMIS 671 00:23:13,024 --> 00:23:16,661 PROGRAM LATER IN THE SHOW. 672 00:23:16,661 --> 00:23:16,962 ORION. 673 00:23:16,962 --> 00:23:18,630 EXPLAIN ORION AND THE CAPSULE 674 00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:20,298 AND WHAT IS TAKING PLACE. 675 00:23:20,298 --> 00:23:22,167 >> WE HAVE FLOWN ONE FLIGHT-TEST 676 00:23:22,167 --> 00:23:22,601 IN 2014. 677 00:23:22,601 --> 00:23:34,279 THE ARR ORION CAPSULE WILL LAUNC 678 00:23:34,279 --> 00:23:34,579 2021. 679 00:23:34,579 --> 00:23:37,783 WE ARE BUILDING THE ORION 680 00:23:37,783 --> 00:23:40,652 CAPSULE THAT WILL BE WITH 681 00:23:40,652 --> 00:23:40,986 ARTEMIS. 682 00:23:40,986 --> 00:23:41,653 >> THIS IS REALLY COOL. 683 00:23:41,653 --> 00:23:42,821 THANK YOU A LOT. 684 00:23:42,821 --> 00:23:44,823 WE'LL GO BACK TO CINDY AND YOU 685 00:23:44,823 --> 00:23:46,792 ARE WATCHING NASA SCIENCE LAB 686 00:23:46,792 --> 00:23:49,995 ABOARD THE USS HORNET. 687 00:23:49,995 --> 00:23:53,598 SUNDAY IN YOUR QUESTIONS TO 688 00:23:53,598 --> 00:23:53,899 #NASA. 689 00:23:53,899 --> 00:23:55,834 CINDY IS NEXT TO THE HELICOPTER 690 00:23:55,834 --> 00:23:57,736 AND IT HAS A UNIQUE STORY. 691 00:23:57,736 --> 00:24:02,974 THIS HELICOPTER WAS IN THE MOVIE 692 00:24:02,974 --> 00:24:05,577 "APOLLO 13." 693 00:24:05,577 --> 00:24:06,111 >> WELCOME BACK. 694 00:24:06,111 --> 00:24:08,880 WE ARE NEXT TO THE 66 HELICOPTER 695 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:13,785 THAT WAS IN "APOLLO 13" WITH TOM 696 00:24:13,785 --> 00:24:14,085 HANKS. 697 00:24:14,085 --> 00:24:15,954 THE ORIGINAL DOESN'T EXIST AND 698 00:24:15,954 --> 00:24:19,391 OUR RESTORATION CREW SAW THIS IN 699 00:24:19,391 --> 00:24:24,029 A BONEYARD AND SIDE THAT 140899? 700 00:24:24,029 --> 00:24:26,932 IT DID FLY OFF THE HORNET IN THE 701 00:24:26,932 --> 00:24:27,732 '60s. 702 00:24:27,732 --> 00:24:28,633 THEY BROUGHT IT BACK AND 703 00:24:28,633 --> 00:24:29,968 RESTORED IT TO THE MINT 704 00:24:29,968 --> 00:24:33,004 CONDITION IT IS IN RIGHT NOW. 705 00:24:33,004 --> 00:24:33,605 LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT IT. 706 00:24:33,605 --> 00:24:36,408 THIS HELICOPTER IS SO IMPORTANT 707 00:24:36,408 --> 00:24:37,209 BECAUSE IT IS BUILT IN SUCH 708 00:24:37,209 --> 00:24:40,378 A WAY YOU WANTED TO HAVE A LOT 709 00:24:40,378 --> 00:24:40,879 OF ROOM IN THERE. 710 00:24:40,879 --> 00:24:41,580 WHEN THE ASTRONAUTS WERE 711 00:24:41,580 --> 00:24:44,749 ACTUALLY PICKED UP THEY HAD TO 712 00:24:44,749 --> 00:24:46,585 COME IN HERE AND THEY WERE TOLD 713 00:24:46,585 --> 00:24:48,353 ALL THE CREW WAS TOLD DO NOT 714 00:24:48,353 --> 00:24:50,288 TOUCH THEM, DON'T GO NEAR THEM 715 00:24:50,288 --> 00:24:52,791 BECAUSE THEY COULD HAVE 716 00:24:52,791 --> 00:24:53,925 CONTAMINANTS ON THEM, EVEN 717 00:24:53,925 --> 00:24:56,995 THOUGH THEY HAD ALREADY PUT THE 718 00:24:56,995 --> 00:24:58,330 ANTI-CONTAMINATION SOLUTION ON 719 00:24:58,330 --> 00:25:02,133 THEIR BIG SUITS, BIOINSULATION 720 00:25:02,133 --> 00:25:02,501 GARMENTS. 721 00:25:02,501 --> 00:25:05,303 IT WAS 40 FEET FROM PICK UP TO 722 00:25:05,303 --> 00:25:07,005 THE FLOWITATION DEVICE TO THE 723 00:25:07,005 --> 00:25:08,874 BASKET TO BRING BACK TO THE 724 00:25:08,874 --> 00:25:09,207 HORNET. 725 00:25:09,207 --> 00:25:11,076 ONCE THEY WERE ABLE TO COME 726 00:25:11,076 --> 00:25:13,912 BACK, THEY WERE ON THE FLIGHT 727 00:25:13,912 --> 00:25:14,212 DECK. 728 00:25:14,212 --> 00:25:17,649 THE WHOLE UNIT DESCENDED HERE TO 729 00:25:17,649 --> 00:25:19,851 THE APOLLO SURFACE AND THEY WENT 730 00:25:19,851 --> 00:25:22,921 WITH THEIR MASKS, HAD SPECIAL 731 00:25:22,921 --> 00:25:27,025 RESPIREIGHT MASKS ON AND WERE 732 00:25:27,025 --> 00:25:32,230 TRANSFETRANSFER IN THE IN. 733 00:25:32,230 --> 00:25:34,232 THIS UNIT IS SO FAMOUS IT WOULD 734 00:25:34,232 --> 00:25:35,967 BUILT IN SUCH A WAY THERE WAS SO 735 00:25:35,967 --> 00:25:38,303 MUCH ROOM THE MODEL FOR MARINE 1 736 00:25:38,303 --> 00:25:39,638 THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 737 00:25:39,638 --> 00:25:40,171 STATES USES. 738 00:25:40,171 --> 00:25:42,140 YOU CAN LOOK AT THE WAY THE 739 00:25:42,140 --> 00:25:43,942 LANDING GEAR IS. 740 00:25:43,942 --> 00:25:45,510 IF FOR SOME REASON IT HAS TO 741 00:25:45,510 --> 00:25:48,346 LAND ON A SOFT SURFACE, THE 742 00:25:48,346 --> 00:25:50,115 OCEAN, THE LANDING GEAR RETRACTS 743 00:25:50,115 --> 00:25:52,651 AND VUFLOATING DEVICES ON HERE. 744 00:25:52,651 --> 00:25:55,687 THIS IS A UNIQUE ONE. 745 00:25:55,687 --> 00:25:57,188 WE ARE PROUD OF OUR AIR 746 00:25:57,188 --> 00:25:59,124 RESTORATION CREW TO BRING IT 747 00:25:59,124 --> 00:26:00,592 HERE TO ENJOY IT. 748 00:26:00,592 --> 00:26:03,061 IT IS HISTORIC BECAUSE OF THE 749 00:26:03,061 --> 00:26:04,763 MOVIE AND JUST THE WAY IT 750 00:26:04,763 --> 00:26:07,399 OPERATES WITH THE JET ENGINE ON 751 00:26:07,399 --> 00:26:12,437 TOP AND THE BIG ROTORS FOR 752 00:26:12,437 --> 00:26:12,971 MANEUVERABILITY. 753 00:26:12,971 --> 00:26:14,339 WELCOME BACK AND HOPEFULLY WE'LL 754 00:26:14,339 --> 00:26:16,041 SEE YOU AGAIN SOON. 755 00:26:16,041 --> 00:26:17,909 >> THANK YOU, CINDY. 756 00:26:17,909 --> 00:26:19,778 >> BACK TO YOU, DWAYNE. 757 00:26:19,778 --> 00:26:21,346 >> THANK, CINDY. 758 00:26:21,346 --> 00:26:23,481 BACK HERE ON THE SET OF NASA 759 00:26:23,481 --> 00:26:25,116 SCIENCE LIVE. 760 00:26:25,116 --> 00:26:29,020 I'M JOINED BY ANOTHER SCIENTIST, 761 00:26:29,020 --> 00:26:34,092 KIMBERLY ENNICO. 762 00:26:34,092 --> 00:26:39,764 YOU ARE INVOLVED IN A WHOLE 763 00:26:39,764 --> 00:26:42,100 BUNCH OF COOL THINGS. 764 00:26:42,100 --> 00:26:43,969 >> OUR CENTER DOES INNOVATIVE 765 00:26:43,969 --> 00:26:47,005 APPROACHES TO OPEN QUESTIONS IN 766 00:26:47,005 --> 00:26:49,808 AERONAUTICS AND BASIC 767 00:26:49,808 --> 00:26:51,776 FUNDAMENTAL SPACE RESEARCH. 768 00:26:51,776 --> 00:26:52,510 HAVING WORKED THERE FOR A NUMBER 769 00:26:52,510 --> 00:26:55,280 OF YEARS AND DIFFERENT MISSION 770 00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:55,647 CONCEPTS. 771 00:26:55,647 --> 00:26:57,716 I'M TRAINED AS AN ASTRO 772 00:26:57,716 --> 00:26:59,217 PHYSICIST AND I HAVE BUILT 773 00:26:59,217 --> 00:27:01,119 INSTRUMENTS THAT HAVE FLOWN IN 774 00:27:01,119 --> 00:27:02,520 SPACE AND AIR. 775 00:27:02,520 --> 00:27:04,756 I BUILT THE PAY LOAD THAT 776 00:27:04,756 --> 00:27:05,490 CRASHED INTO THE MOON AND FOUND 777 00:27:05,490 --> 00:27:06,257 WATER ON THE MOON. 778 00:27:06,257 --> 00:27:09,828 AND I HAVE BEEN DOING SCIENCE 779 00:27:09,828 --> 00:27:11,930 MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE PLUTO FLY 780 00:27:11,930 --> 00:27:15,300 BY AND ON THE FLYING TELESCOPE 781 00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:15,634 SOPHIA. 782 00:27:15,634 --> 00:27:19,704 AS, YOU KNOW, AS A SCIENTIST AT 783 00:27:19,704 --> 00:27:20,605 NASA I'M INTERESTED AND 784 00:27:20,605 --> 00:27:23,408 ATTRACTED TO THE QUESTIONS THAT 785 00:27:23,408 --> 00:27:24,976 DRIVE US TO PUSH OURSELVES TO 786 00:27:24,976 --> 00:27:26,411 NEW LIMITS. 787 00:27:26,411 --> 00:27:29,047 AND OPENING UP CREATIVE 788 00:27:29,047 --> 00:27:29,414 SOLUTIONS. 789 00:27:29,414 --> 00:27:30,849 IT'S A FUN JOB. 790 00:27:30,849 --> 00:27:31,249 >> WOW. 791 00:27:31,249 --> 00:27:33,118 THAT'S A COOL SHOPPING LIST. 792 00:27:33,118 --> 00:27:34,686 AND YOU COME DRESSED FOR THE 793 00:27:34,686 --> 00:27:36,221 PART WITH THE MOON. 794 00:27:36,221 --> 00:27:37,022 THAT IS AWESOME. 795 00:27:37,022 --> 00:27:39,224 >> WHERE IS YOUR MARS TIE? 796 00:27:39,224 --> 00:27:40,558 >> I FORGOT. 797 00:27:40,558 --> 00:27:41,926 [LAUGHING] 798 00:27:41,926 --> 00:27:43,762 >> THIS IS A CONVERSATION 799 00:27:43,762 --> 00:27:44,396 STARTER IN A SENSE. 800 00:27:44,396 --> 00:27:46,031 THE WHOLE OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK 801 00:27:46,031 --> 00:27:49,234 ABOUT SPACE AND SCIENCE AND 802 00:27:49,234 --> 00:27:49,934 EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY AND 803 00:27:49,934 --> 00:27:51,269 MAKING THE IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBLE 804 00:27:51,269 --> 00:27:54,906 IS INSPIRED BY APOLLO 8. 805 00:27:54,906 --> 00:27:57,375 WHERE BILL ANDERS TOOK THE FIRST 806 00:27:57,375 --> 00:27:59,210 PICTURE OF THE EARTH FROM LUNAR 807 00:27:59,210 --> 00:28:00,211 ORBIT. 808 00:28:00,211 --> 00:28:02,080 OUR FIST HUMANS WHO LOOKED BACK 809 00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:04,582 ON OUR HOME WOLD FOR THE FIRST 810 00:28:04,582 --> 00:28:05,450 TIME. 811 00:28:05,450 --> 00:28:05,850 >> OKAY. 812 00:28:05,850 --> 00:28:08,453 LET'S TALK SCIENCE DURING 813 00:28:08,453 --> 00:28:08,787 APOLLO. 814 00:28:08,787 --> 00:28:11,056 YOU HAVE INTERESTINGENINGS HERE. 815 00:28:11,056 --> 00:28:15,293 THIS LOOKS LIKE -- ENTERING 816 00:28:15,293 --> 00:28:15,694 THINGS HERE. 817 00:28:15,694 --> 00:28:17,228 THIS LOOKS LIKE EARTH BUT I'M 818 00:28:17,228 --> 00:28:18,797 SURE IT'S NOT. 819 00:28:18,797 --> 00:28:20,432 >> YOU AND JIM WERE SHOWING 820 00:28:20,432 --> 00:28:22,300 A GRAYISH GLOBE THE MOON. 821 00:28:22,300 --> 00:28:23,902 THIS IS STILL THE MOON BUT 822 00:28:23,902 --> 00:28:25,937 ACTUALLY A MAP OF THE HEIGHT OF 823 00:28:25,937 --> 00:28:26,304 THE MOON. 824 00:28:26,304 --> 00:28:29,674 AND THIS IS POST-APOLLO WHEN WE 825 00:28:29,674 --> 00:28:32,711 HAD A SERIES OF ROBOTIC 826 00:28:32,711 --> 00:28:34,846 EXPLORERS DOING ORBITS AROUND 827 00:28:34,846 --> 00:28:36,381 THE MOON. 828 00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:38,450 THE RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER AND 829 00:28:38,450 --> 00:28:42,387 ONE MEASURED TOPOG FEE. 830 00:28:42,387 --> 00:28:43,788 BLUE REPRESENTS LOW AREA, WHAT 831 00:28:43,788 --> 00:28:46,891 IS THE MARE OR LOW AREAS AND RED 832 00:28:46,891 --> 00:28:48,860 SHOWS HIGH AREAS. 833 00:28:48,860 --> 00:28:50,995 AND I'LL TURN IT AROUND TO SHOW 834 00:28:50,995 --> 00:28:53,264 THE FAR SIDE WE DON'T SEE. 835 00:28:53,264 --> 00:28:54,666 THE FAR SIDE IS EXOTIC. 836 00:28:54,666 --> 00:28:56,701 DID YOU KNOW THE AVERAGE HEIGHT 837 00:28:56,701 --> 00:28:58,436 ON THE FAR SIDE IS OVER A MILE 838 00:28:58,436 --> 00:28:59,938 HIGHER THAN ON THE NEAR SIDE? 839 00:28:59,938 --> 00:29:03,308 AND IT HAS THE MOST EXTREME 840 00:29:03,308 --> 00:29:04,642 TOPOGRAPHY BECAUSE THE HIGHEST 841 00:29:04,642 --> 00:29:06,845 POINT ON THE MOON IS HIGHER THAN 842 00:29:06,845 --> 00:29:08,747 THE HIGHEST POINT ON EARTH, 843 00:29:08,747 --> 00:29:10,448 MOUNT EVERREST. 844 00:29:10,448 --> 00:29:11,182 DOWN TO THE SOUTH POLE IT IS ONE 845 00:29:11,182 --> 00:29:13,885 OF THE LOW EVIDENTIARIES. 846 00:29:13,885 --> 00:29:15,754 A GIANT IMPACT BASIN. 847 00:29:15,754 --> 00:29:17,822 AND THIS IS AN EXCITING AREA 848 00:29:17,822 --> 00:29:19,357 THAT LUNAR SCIENTISTS ARE 849 00:29:19,357 --> 00:29:21,025 SALIVATING TO HAVE AN 850 00:29:21,025 --> 00:29:22,827 OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE ACCESS TO 851 00:29:22,827 --> 00:29:24,763 THIS PART OF THE MOON WE HAVEN'T 852 00:29:24,763 --> 00:29:26,498 HAD BEFORE. 853 00:29:26,498 --> 00:29:27,632 >> WOW. 854 00:29:27,632 --> 00:29:29,367 NOW THIS LITTLE GUY IS REALLY 855 00:29:29,367 --> 00:29:31,302 INTERESTING AND I AM WILLING TO 856 00:29:31,302 --> 00:29:33,505 BET IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE IT CAME 857 00:29:33,505 --> 00:29:36,674 FROM THE BEACH OR A LITTLE HILL, 858 00:29:36,674 --> 00:29:36,975 RIGHT? 859 00:29:36,975 --> 00:29:39,611 >> YOU'RE RIGHT, TKWAEUFPBLT YOU 860 00:29:39,611 --> 00:29:41,479 ARE LOOKING AT AN APOLLO MOON 861 00:29:41,479 --> 00:29:43,281 ROCK FROM APOLLO 15. 862 00:29:43,281 --> 00:29:46,618 THE LUNAR ROCKS HAVE TRANSFORMED 863 00:29:46,618 --> 00:29:48,720 OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE 864 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:51,856 MOON FORMED AND ALSO INDICATIONS 865 00:29:51,856 --> 00:29:53,825 OF WHAT HAPPENED EARLY ON IN OUR 866 00:29:53,825 --> 00:29:54,259 SOLAR SYSTEM. 867 00:29:54,259 --> 00:29:56,828 IN ADDITION TO THE OVER THE SIX 868 00:29:56,828 --> 00:30:00,465 LANDED MISSION, 840, HUNDRED 869 00:30:00,465 --> 00:30:02,767 ROCKS, 2,000 DIFFERENT SAMPLES. 870 00:30:02,767 --> 00:30:05,637 THE APOLLO ASTRONAUTS PUT 871 00:30:05,637 --> 00:30:06,337 INSTRUMENTS ON THE SURFACE OF 872 00:30:06,337 --> 00:30:07,739 THE MOON. 873 00:30:07,739 --> 00:30:09,107 APOLLO 11 ONLY HAD TWO AND 874 00:30:09,107 --> 00:30:12,143 A HALF-HOURS ON THE SURFACE. 875 00:30:12,143 --> 00:30:14,078 APOLLO 13 THREE DAY ON THE 876 00:30:14,078 --> 00:30:14,412 SURFACE. 877 00:30:14,412 --> 00:30:17,282 EACH MISSION DID MORE SCIENCE. 878 00:30:17,282 --> 00:30:19,250 BUZZ ALDRIN PUT OUT 879 00:30:19,250 --> 00:30:21,186 A SEISMOMETER. 880 00:30:21,186 --> 00:30:22,487 THIS WOULD MEASURE QUAKE, MOON 881 00:30:22,487 --> 00:30:26,991 QUAKES ON THE MOON. 882 00:30:26,991 --> 00:30:28,993 RETRO-R*E FLECTORS ALLOWED US TO 883 00:30:28,993 --> 00:30:31,229 MEASURE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE 884 00:30:31,229 --> 00:30:34,399 EARTH AND MOON AND ORBITAL 885 00:30:34,399 --> 00:30:37,302 ROTATION AND WE HAD A DUST 886 00:30:37,302 --> 00:30:38,870 DETECTOR AND AN INTERESTING 887 00:30:38,870 --> 00:30:42,140 INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE 888 00:30:42,140 --> 00:30:43,174 PARTICLES COMING OFF THE SUN. 889 00:30:43,174 --> 00:30:44,275 THE SURFACE OF THE MOON IS 890 00:30:44,275 --> 00:30:45,777 A WONDERFUL LABORATORY TO DO 891 00:30:45,777 --> 00:30:47,178 SCIENCE FROM. 892 00:30:47,178 --> 00:30:48,880 >> ALL OF THOSE SCIENCE 893 00:30:48,880 --> 00:30:52,584 EXPERIMENTS AND HOW MANY WERE 894 00:30:52,584 --> 00:30:52,884 THERE? 895 00:30:52,884 --> 00:30:55,320 >> APOLLO 11 WE HAD FOUR PLUS 896 00:30:55,320 --> 00:30:57,355 THE PHOTOGRAPHS AND MOTION 897 00:30:57,355 --> 00:30:58,456 PICTURES AND ARMSTRONG'S FOOT 898 00:30:58,456 --> 00:31:01,693 PRINT IS AN EXPERIMENT OF 899 00:31:01,693 --> 00:31:03,094 ITSELF, SHOWING THE PROPERTIES 900 00:31:03,094 --> 00:31:05,230 OF THE LUNAR SOIL AND IMPACTED 901 00:31:05,230 --> 00:31:07,065 UPON PRESSURE. 902 00:31:07,065 --> 00:31:09,033 YOU MIGHT HEAR ALDRIN I ONLY 903 00:31:09,033 --> 00:31:10,568 WENT A HALF AN INCH. 904 00:31:10,568 --> 00:31:12,871 THAT WAS TELLING THE SCIENTISTS 905 00:31:12,871 --> 00:31:13,738 BECAUSE UP TO THEN WE HAD NO 906 00:31:13,738 --> 00:31:15,406 IDEA WHAT THE SURFACE OF THE 907 00:31:15,406 --> 00:31:18,509 MOON WOULD TOUCH AND FEEL LIKE. 908 00:31:18,509 --> 00:31:19,644 EVEN THEM WALKING ON THE MOON 909 00:31:19,644 --> 00:31:21,379 THEMSELVES PROVIDED INFORMATION 910 00:31:21,379 --> 00:31:23,348 ABOUT THE LUNAR SURFACE. 911 00:31:23,348 --> 00:31:25,183 >> I ASKED JIM, THERE WERE SO 912 00:31:25,183 --> 00:31:26,618 MANY FINDINGS WHAT HE FELT WAS 913 00:31:26,618 --> 00:31:29,454 THE BIGGEST. 914 00:31:29,454 --> 00:31:31,589 WHAT WOULD BE NEXT IN LINE? 915 00:31:31,589 --> 00:31:33,358 >> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE MOON YOU 916 00:31:33,358 --> 00:31:34,826 SEE CRATERS. 917 00:31:34,826 --> 00:31:38,463 WE DIDN'T REALLY KNOW WHAT THE 918 00:31:38,463 --> 00:31:39,998 DOMINANT MECHANISM WAS TO MAKE 919 00:31:39,998 --> 00:31:41,866 THE SURFACE OF THE MOON AND THE 920 00:31:41,866 --> 00:31:43,568 APOLLO ASTRONAUTS AND LANDED 921 00:31:43,568 --> 00:31:45,803 MISSION SHOWED IT WAS IMPACT, 922 00:31:45,803 --> 00:31:47,372 THINGS HITTING THE MOON RATHER 923 00:31:47,372 --> 00:31:49,374 THAN PLATE TECTONICSES LIKE 924 00:31:49,374 --> 00:31:52,777 EARTH OR A*GTIVE VULANISM 925 00:31:52,777 --> 00:31:54,112 RE-SHAPING OUR EARTH. 926 00:31:54,112 --> 00:31:58,816 BY THAT AND THE CONTINUATION THE 927 00:31:58,816 --> 00:32:01,786 MOON HAS PRESERVED AN EARLY 928 00:32:01,786 --> 00:32:03,655 PORTION OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM LOST 929 00:32:03,655 --> 00:32:06,291 IN OUR PLAN E. WE WANT TO LOOK 930 00:32:06,291 --> 00:32:08,826 AT EARLY EARTH YOU LOOK TO THE 931 00:32:08,826 --> 00:32:12,397 MOON AND EARLY SUN YOU LOOK TO 932 00:32:12,397 --> 00:32:12,764 THE MOON. 933 00:32:12,764 --> 00:32:13,498 IT IS TEASED OUT AND DONE BY 934 00:32:13,498 --> 00:32:14,265 SURFACE MEASUREMENTS AND SAMPLES 935 00:32:14,265 --> 00:32:15,533 FROM THE MOON. 936 00:32:15,533 --> 00:32:19,771 >> WE'LL GO TO SOCIAL MEDIA AND 937 00:32:19,771 --> 00:32:20,772 #ASKNASA. 938 00:32:20,772 --> 00:32:21,539 KEEP THE QUESTIONS COMING IN. 939 00:32:21,539 --> 00:32:24,509 THIS IS NASA SCIENCE LIVE. 940 00:32:24,509 --> 00:32:26,611 WE ARE TALKING APOLLO IN THE 941 00:32:26,611 --> 00:32:29,814 PAST AND FUTURE LUNAR 942 00:32:29,814 --> 00:32:31,883 EXPLORATION AND BEYOND. 943 00:32:31,883 --> 00:32:34,719 OUR QUESTION IS: HOW MUCH WATER 944 00:32:34,719 --> 00:32:38,523 IS ACTUALLY ON THE MOON AND WHY? 945 00:32:38,523 --> 00:32:39,090 >> GREAT QUESTION. 946 00:32:39,090 --> 00:32:40,892 WE COULDN'T EVEN HAVE THIS 947 00:32:40,892 --> 00:32:42,460 CONVERSATION 10 YEARS AGO. 948 00:32:42,460 --> 00:32:43,995 THE CONCEPT OF WATER ON THE MOON 949 00:32:43,995 --> 00:32:46,064 IS A RELATIVELY NEW DISCOVERY. 950 00:32:46,064 --> 00:32:47,699 THIS IS THE BEAUTY OF SCIENCE. 951 00:32:47,699 --> 00:32:50,068 WE HAVEN'T FIGURED EVERYTHING 952 00:32:50,068 --> 00:32:50,802 OUT. 953 00:32:50,802 --> 00:32:52,770 10 YEARS AGO SEVERAL INSTRUMENTS 954 00:32:52,770 --> 00:32:55,573 INCLUDING A MISSION I WORKED ON 955 00:32:55,573 --> 00:32:57,642 WE DISCOVERED WATER ON THE MOON. 956 00:32:57,642 --> 00:32:58,710 SINCE THEN WE HAVE WATER FOUND 957 00:32:58,710 --> 00:32:59,811 IN DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS ON THE 958 00:32:59,811 --> 00:33:00,111 MOON. 959 00:33:00,111 --> 00:33:03,748 IN PARTIC PARTICULAR THE POLES. 960 00:33:03,748 --> 00:33:06,250 THE POLES HAVE AREAS WHERE THE 961 00:33:06,250 --> 00:33:07,285 BOTTOM OF CRATERS HAVE NOT SEEN 962 00:33:07,285 --> 00:33:09,320 LIGHT AND ARE COLD, COLDER THAN 963 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:11,823 THE SURFACE OF PLUTO AN HAVE 964 00:33:11,823 --> 00:33:13,725 BECOME COLD TRAPS WHERE WATER 965 00:33:13,725 --> 00:33:14,158 HAS MI GRATED. 966 00:33:14,158 --> 00:33:16,327 HOW MUCH IS THEIR? 967 00:33:16,327 --> 00:33:18,863 FROM THE KNOWLEDGE TO DATE IT 968 00:33:18,863 --> 00:33:20,865 COULD HAVE 100 TO 969 00:33:20,865 --> 00:33:21,499 200 MILLION TONS OF WATER. 970 00:33:21,499 --> 00:33:24,202 WE STILL LACK THE DETAILED MAPS 971 00:33:24,202 --> 00:33:26,170 TO KNOW EXACTLY HOW MUCH WE V. 972 00:33:26,170 --> 00:33:28,006 OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOON IS 973 00:33:28,006 --> 00:33:29,407 ALMOST LIKE WE HAVE THE 974 00:33:29,407 --> 00:33:31,743 KNOWLEDGE WHEN PLANNING A HIKE, 975 00:33:31,743 --> 00:33:32,443 YOU HAVE A KNOWLEDGE TO DRIVE 976 00:33:32,443 --> 00:33:33,778 YOUR CAR TO THE TRAIL HEAD. 977 00:33:33,778 --> 00:33:35,747 IF WE NEED TO WALK TO THE WATER 978 00:33:35,747 --> 00:33:39,550 FALL OR THE CIFF, WE NEED MORE 979 00:33:39,550 --> 00:33:40,251 DETAILED MAPS ESPECIALLY ABOUT 980 00:33:40,251 --> 00:33:40,952 THE WATER. 981 00:33:40,952 --> 00:33:42,887 WATER IS SCIENTIFICALLY 982 00:33:42,887 --> 00:33:45,690 INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT FOR 983 00:33:45,690 --> 00:33:46,424 A SUSTAINABLE HUMAN PRESENCE ON 984 00:33:46,424 --> 00:33:48,993 THE MOON BECAUSE WATER CAN BE 985 00:33:48,993 --> 00:33:51,562 OXYGEN WE BREATHE, HYDROGEN AND 986 00:33:51,562 --> 00:33:52,830 OXYGEN FOR FUEL. 987 00:33:52,830 --> 00:33:55,700 IT'S A WONDERFUL RESOURCE AND 988 00:33:55,700 --> 00:33:56,434 INTERESTING SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY 989 00:33:56,434 --> 00:34:01,939 THAT IS ONLY 10 YEARS YOUNG. 990 00:34:01,939 --> 00:34:02,974 >> STEVEN ASKS: WHAT HAPPENED 991 00:34:02,974 --> 00:34:04,342 TO THE INSTRUMENTS ON THE MOON. 992 00:34:04,342 --> 00:34:06,144 ARE THEY STILL ON THE SURFACE? 993 00:34:06,144 --> 00:34:09,047 >> YES, THEY ARE. 994 00:34:09,047 --> 00:34:09,781 IN FACT, SOME OF THE INSTRUMENTS 995 00:34:09,781 --> 00:34:10,281 ARE STILL IN USE. 996 00:34:10,281 --> 00:34:12,517 CAN YOU MILLION 50 YEARS LATER 997 00:34:12,517 --> 00:34:14,685 THOSE RETROREFLECTORS I 998 00:34:14,685 --> 00:34:17,155 MENTIONED ARE GLASS MIRRORS OR 999 00:34:17,155 --> 00:34:20,558 PRIS'MS YOU CAN BEAM A LASER 1000 00:34:20,558 --> 00:34:22,193 BEAM FROM EARTH AND BOUNCES BACK 1001 00:34:22,193 --> 00:34:22,527 TO YOU. 1002 00:34:22,527 --> 00:34:24,328 IF YOU MEASURE THE TIME IT TAKES 1003 00:34:24,328 --> 00:34:26,097 AND KNOWS THE SPEED OF LIGHT YOU 1004 00:34:26,097 --> 00:34:27,965 KNOW THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE 1005 00:34:27,965 --> 00:34:30,668 EARTH AND MOON. 1006 00:34:30,668 --> 00:34:31,502 OVER 50 YEARS OF MEASUREMENTS WE 1007 00:34:31,502 --> 00:34:32,570 HAVE MEASURED THAT THE MOON IS 1008 00:34:32,570 --> 00:34:35,640 RECEIVING FROM US ONE AND A HALF 1009 00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:36,074 INCHES A YEAR. 1010 00:34:36,074 --> 00:34:37,475 MOST OF THE INSTRUMENTS ON THE 1011 00:34:37,475 --> 00:34:40,111 SURFACE OF THE MOON HAD TO 1012 00:34:40,111 --> 00:34:43,481 SURVIVE 340 HOUR LUNAR NIGHT AND 1013 00:34:43,481 --> 00:34:44,248 GOT REALLY COLD. 1014 00:34:44,248 --> 00:34:46,184 SOME OF THEM DIDN'T MAKE IT 1015 00:34:46,184 --> 00:34:46,617 THROUGH. 1016 00:34:46,617 --> 00:34:50,188 WE HAD OTHERS THAT LASTED 1017 00:34:50,188 --> 00:34:50,922 SEVERAL MONTHS AND WEEKS THROUGH 1018 00:34:50,922 --> 00:34:55,059 THE MID-BE '70s.70s TO PUT NEW 1019 00:34:55,059 --> 00:34:56,094 INSTRUMENTS ON IS VERY 1020 00:34:56,094 --> 00:34:56,461 EXCITEING. 1021 00:34:56,461 --> 00:34:59,597 >> WE ARE RUNNING OUT OF TIME 1022 00:34:59,597 --> 00:35:00,331 BUT I HAVE TO GET THIS QUESTION 1023 00:35:00,331 --> 00:35:02,467 IN FROM MARY ON TWITTER: WHAT 1024 00:35:02,467 --> 00:35:05,937 GOT YOU INVOLVED IN SCIENCE? 1025 00:35:05,937 --> 00:35:07,572 >> WELL, HARD TO SAY. 1026 00:35:07,572 --> 00:35:09,841 I WAS A VERY CURIOUS CHILD. 1027 00:35:09,841 --> 00:35:11,509 I LOVED LEARNING. 1028 00:35:11,509 --> 00:35:13,511 I AM REALLY GRATEFUL FOR THE 1029 00:35:13,511 --> 00:35:15,680 EDUCATION AND THE TEACHERS WHO 1030 00:35:15,680 --> 00:35:18,316 TOLERATED MY MANY QUESTIONS I 1031 00:35:18,316 --> 00:35:18,583 HAD. 1032 00:35:18,583 --> 00:35:20,785 BUT I WAS ALSO EMPOWERED TO 1033 00:35:20,785 --> 00:35:24,155 REALIZE THAT, YOU KNOW, ASKING 1034 00:35:24,155 --> 00:35:25,690 ASK WE HAVE A SHORT TIME ON THIS 1035 00:35:25,690 --> 00:35:27,758 PLANET AND LEARNING SO MUCH, I 1036 00:35:27,758 --> 00:35:29,393 BECAME VERY CURIOUS. 1037 00:35:29,393 --> 00:35:31,295 AND THE SCIENCE CAREER JUST FELL 1038 00:35:31,295 --> 00:35:31,696 INTO THAT. 1039 00:35:31,696 --> 00:35:33,564 I JUST HAD A VERY OPEN MIND. 1040 00:35:33,564 --> 00:35:35,366 >> YOUR PASSION IS INFECTIOUS. 1041 00:35:35,366 --> 00:35:35,833 WE'LL TALK MORE. 1042 00:35:35,833 --> 00:35:36,767 >> ALL RIGHT. 1043 00:35:36,767 --> 00:35:37,568 >> AND GET INTO THE FUTURE LATER 1044 00:35:37,568 --> 00:35:40,104 IN THE SHOW. 1045 00:35:40,104 --> 00:35:43,407 WHAT IF I TOLD YOU YOU COULD 1046 00:35:43,407 --> 00:35:43,774 HEAR DATA? 1047 00:35:43,774 --> 00:35:45,643 WORK WITH ME HERE. 1048 00:35:45,643 --> 00:35:50,948 A GROUP OF MUSICIANS AND I 1049 00:35:50,948 --> 00:35:53,784 APPRECIATE THIS BEING A MUSICIAN 1050 00:35:53,784 --> 00:35:54,118 MYSELF. 1051 00:35:54,118 --> 00:35:58,723 HAVE PUT INTO A SONG 50 YEARS OF 1052 00:35:58,723 --> 00:36:01,792 LUNAR SCIENCE. 1053 00:36:01,792 --> 00:36:03,494 IT'S CALLED SONIFICATION. 1054 00:36:03,494 --> 00:36:05,096 LET'S HEAR MORE. 1055 00:36:05,096 --> 00:36:06,164 >> THE PITCH OF THE MELODY IS 1056 00:36:06,164 --> 00:36:09,133 TELLING YOU THE AMOUNT OF DATA 1057 00:36:09,133 --> 00:36:11,068 RETURNED ABOUT THE MOON OVER 1058 00:36:11,068 --> 00:36:11,369 TIME. 1059 00:36:11,369 --> 00:36:13,137 THERE IS A CLOCK SOUND THAT 1060 00:36:13,137 --> 00:36:16,040 TELLS YOU ABOUT THE PROGRESS OF 1061 00:36:16,040 --> 00:36:17,942 THE MONTHS AND SYMBOLS THAT GO 1062 00:36:17,942 --> 00:36:20,111 OFF TO MARK THE TYPES OF 1063 00:36:20,111 --> 00:36:21,946 LAUNCHES -- TIMES OF LAUNCHES. 1064 00:36:21,946 --> 00:36:23,748 URE DOING THE APOLLOERA THE 1065 00:36:23,748 --> 00:36:25,383 PITCH RISES. 1066 00:36:25,383 --> 00:36:27,151 AS WE LEARN MORE AND MORE ABOUT 1067 00:36:27,151 --> 00:36:33,291 THE MOON AND GATHER MORE DATA. 1068 00:36:33,291 --> 00:36:37,361 STPHOEUT SNOW. 1069 00:36:37,361 --> 00:36:39,830 DAT ♪ 1070 00:36:42,333 --> 00:36:50,474 ♪ 1071 00:36:50,474 --> 00:36:52,376 AND THEN A PERIOD IN THE MIDDLE 1072 00:36:52,376 --> 00:36:55,346 WHERE IT KIND OF FALLS WHERE WE 1073 00:36:55,346 --> 00:36:57,248 WEREN'T SENDING PEOPLE AND 1074 00:36:57,248 --> 00:36:59,517 WEREN'T SENDING ROBOTIC 1075 00:36:59,517 --> 00:37:02,787 MISSIONS, IT FALLS OFF A LITTLE 1076 00:37:02,787 --> 00:37:03,888 BIT. 1077 00:37:06,157 --> 00:37:23,374 ♪ 1078 00:37:23,374 --> 00:37:26,244 AND THEN IT STARTS TO RISE AGAIN 1079 00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:29,847 TO CRESCENDO IN THE MODERN ERA. 1080 00:37:31,882 --> 00:37:43,794 ♪ 1081 00:37:43,794 --> 00:37:47,999 IN THE SONIFICATION THERE THE 1082 00:37:47,999 --> 00:37:52,603 OTHER THING TO TAKE FROM IT THE 1083 00:37:52,603 --> 00:38:06,817 CONTINUOUS NOTE OF EXPLORATION. 1084 00:38:09,020 --> 00:38:15,860 ♪ 1085 00:38:15,860 --> 00:38:17,828 THE PAST AND PRESENT AND THE 1086 00:38:17,828 --> 00:38:21,232 FUTURE ARE ALL CONNECTED WITH 1087 00:38:21,232 --> 00:38:23,067 THAT SENSE OF LISTENING TO IT. 1088 00:38:23,067 --> 00:38:24,602 WHILE THERE ARE SRARGZS IN OUR 1089 00:38:24,602 --> 00:38:26,737 LEVEL OF -- VARIATIONS IN OUR 1090 00:38:26,737 --> 00:38:29,974 LEVEL OF INTEREST AND GATHERING 1091 00:38:29,974 --> 00:38:33,010 MATERIAL, THERE IS A CONTINUITY 1092 00:38:33,010 --> 00:38:34,879 THAT ONCE WE WENT THERE, WE 1093 00:38:34,879 --> 00:38:39,250 DIDN'T WANT TO STOP. 1094 00:38:39,250 --> 00:38:39,917 >> NOW, SONIFICATION IS 1095 00:38:39,917 --> 00:38:43,054 AVAILABLE AT NASA ON THE NEW 1096 00:38:43,054 --> 00:38:45,556 PODCAST ON THE NASA EXPLORER 1097 00:38:45,556 --> 00:38:49,026 SKPAOERZ ON GOOGLE CLOUD, SOUND 1098 00:38:49,026 --> 00:38:50,261 CLOUD, GOOGLE PLAY I SHOULD SAY, 1099 00:38:50,261 --> 00:38:52,463 SOUND CLOUD AND APPLE PODCASTS. 1100 00:38:52,463 --> 00:38:55,132 THIS COOL TECHNOLOGY WAS 1101 00:38:55,132 --> 00:39:00,571 DEVELOPED IN TORONTO, CANADA BY 1102 00:39:00,571 --> 00:39:01,639 A COMPANY CALLED SYSTEM SOUND. 1103 00:39:01,639 --> 00:39:03,941 WE HAVE SOMEONE HERE THAT I AM 1104 00:39:03,941 --> 00:39:09,213 HONORED HERE, SKIP "HOWARD" 1105 00:39:09,213 --> 00:39:10,014 ROBERTSON. 1106 00:39:10,014 --> 00:39:12,216 A CREW MEMBER ON THE USS HORNET. 1107 00:39:12,216 --> 00:39:13,384 AUTOAN HONOR. 1108 00:39:13,384 --> 00:39:18,422 THANK YOU FO FOR YOUR SERVICE. 1109 00:39:18,422 --> 00:39:20,291 >> IT WAS MY PLEASURE AND HONOR. 1110 00:39:20,291 --> 00:39:22,393 >> LET'S GO BACK 50 YEARS TO THE 1111 00:39:22,393 --> 00:39:23,861 DAY, THE DAY BEFORE TOMORROW 1112 00:39:23,861 --> 00:39:25,396 WHICH IS THE ACTUAL ANNIVERSARY 1113 00:39:25,396 --> 00:39:28,699 YOU PICKED UP THE SPACECRAFT. 1114 00:39:28,699 --> 00:39:31,902 THE DAY BEFORE WHAT IS THE 1115 00:39:31,902 --> 00:39:33,838 ATMOSPHERE ON BOARD THE USURBGS 1116 00:39:33,838 --> 00:39:39,744 S HORNET? 1117 00:39:39,744 --> 00:39:40,511 >> EXPECTATION AND EXCITEMENT 1118 00:39:40,511 --> 00:39:43,514 AND HOW WAS IT ALL GOING TO WORK 1119 00:39:43,514 --> 00:39:43,781 OUT. 1120 00:39:43,781 --> 00:39:44,782 WOULD I GET TO SEE THE 1121 00:39:44,782 --> 00:39:45,216 PRESIDENT? 1122 00:39:45,216 --> 00:39:47,518 WOULD HE SHAKE MY HAND, WHICH, 1123 00:39:47,518 --> 00:39:48,819 OF COURSE, DIDN'T HAPPEN. 1124 00:39:48,819 --> 00:39:51,355 WE WERE READY FOR THIS THING TO 1125 00:39:51,355 --> 00:39:51,689 HAPPEN. 1126 00:39:51,689 --> 00:39:54,492 WE HAD BEEN PRACTICING 1127 00:39:54,492 --> 00:39:56,694 EXTENSIVELY FOR WEEKS. 1128 00:39:56,694 --> 00:39:59,563 BECAUSE IT JUST DOESN'T HAPPEN 1129 00:39:59,563 --> 00:39:59,930 OVERNIGHT. 1130 00:39:59,930 --> 00:40:02,099 WE HAD A DUMMY COME IN THE 1131 00:40:02,099 --> 00:40:03,467 MODULE THEY WOULD DROP IF THE 1132 00:40:03,467 --> 00:40:05,202 OCEAN AND WAKE US UP AT 2:00 IN 1133 00:40:05,202 --> 00:40:07,505 THE MORNING AND SAY GO FIND IT. 1134 00:40:07,505 --> 00:40:09,807 THINGS OF THAT NATURE. 1135 00:40:09,807 --> 00:40:13,944 WE WERE READY, PREPARED. 1136 00:40:13,944 --> 00:40:18,682 A LOT OF US WERE AMUSED AT THE 1137 00:40:18,682 --> 00:40:21,118 APPREHENSION ABOUT MOON BUGS. 1138 00:40:21,118 --> 00:40:22,953 >> WHAT WAS YOUR ROLE ON THE 1139 00:40:22,953 --> 00:40:23,254 SHIP? 1140 00:40:23,254 --> 00:40:28,592 >> I WORKED IN THE RADAR AREA AS 1141 00:40:28,592 --> 00:40:29,260 A RADARMAN THIRD CLASS. 1142 00:40:29,260 --> 00:40:32,029 MY JOB WAS THE PRIMARY RADIO 1143 00:40:32,029 --> 00:40:32,496 OPERATOR. 1144 00:40:32,496 --> 00:40:34,265 ESSENTIALLY THEY WOULD GIVE ME 1145 00:40:34,265 --> 00:40:35,933 A PIECE OF PAPER AND I WOULD 1146 00:40:35,933 --> 00:40:39,136 READ IT. 1147 00:40:39,136 --> 00:40:41,405 I HAD THE DISTINCT PRIVILEGE OF 1148 00:40:41,405 --> 00:40:42,973 BEING THE PERSON HEARD AROUND 1149 00:40:42,973 --> 00:40:45,142 THE WORLD, ALTHOUGH NOBODY KNOWS 1150 00:40:45,142 --> 00:40:47,344 THAT SAYING HOUSTON, HAWAII, 1151 00:40:47,344 --> 00:40:48,913 THIS IS HORNET, WE HAVE APOLLO 1152 00:40:48,913 --> 00:40:50,648 ON BOARD. 1153 00:40:50,648 --> 00:40:52,483 >> HOW DOES THAT MAKE YOU FEEL 1154 00:40:52,483 --> 00:40:55,252 YOU ARE ETCHED IN HISTORY? 1155 00:40:55,252 --> 00:40:57,555 ON A SHIP WHEN YOU MAKE 1156 00:40:57,555 --> 00:40:58,889 ANNOUNCEMENTS IT STAYS WITHIN 1157 00:40:58,889 --> 00:41:00,124 THE SHIP. 1158 00:41:00,124 --> 00:41:02,293 DID KNOW YOU WOULD BE HEARD 1159 00:41:02,293 --> 00:41:04,061 AROUND THE WORLD? 1160 00:41:04,061 --> 00:41:05,563 >> THEY TOLD ME LATER IT HAD 1161 00:41:05,563 --> 00:41:07,331 BEEN BROADCAST AROUND THE WORLD 1162 00:41:07,331 --> 00:41:09,300 AND A BILLION OR SO PEOPLE ONLY 1163 00:41:09,300 --> 00:41:11,402 ONE PERSON SAID SHE RECOGNIZED 1164 00:41:11,402 --> 00:41:13,070 MY VOICE. 1165 00:41:13,070 --> 00:41:15,940 >> THE CREW MEMBERS TEASE YOU OR 1166 00:41:15,940 --> 00:41:18,042 GET A PLAQUE OR CAKE? 1167 00:41:18,042 --> 00:41:20,277 >> THERE WAS NO RECOGNITION OF 1168 00:41:20,277 --> 00:41:20,678 THAT SORT. 1169 00:41:20,678 --> 00:41:23,514 WE WERE ALL JUST PART OF THE 1170 00:41:23,514 --> 00:41:25,049 TEAM. 1171 00:41:25,049 --> 00:41:26,884 ABOUT 40 OR SO ENLISTED MEN AND 1172 00:41:26,884 --> 00:41:28,953 30 OFFICERS WHO WERE DIRECTLY 1173 00:41:28,953 --> 00:41:30,821 INVOLVED IN SOME WAY. 1174 00:41:30,821 --> 00:41:32,790 WE ALL HAD A JOB AND DID OUR 1175 00:41:32,790 --> 00:41:33,224 JOB. 1176 00:41:33,224 --> 00:41:34,592 >> I HAVE TO TELL YOU, WE AT 1177 00:41:34,592 --> 00:41:36,260 NASA ARE HUMBLED TO BE HERE AND 1178 00:41:36,260 --> 00:41:39,430 IN AWE OF ALL OF THE HISTORY 1179 00:41:39,430 --> 00:41:39,730 HERE. 1180 00:41:39,730 --> 00:41:41,365 HOW DID YOU FEEL WHEN YOU COME 1181 00:41:41,365 --> 00:41:46,537 BACK TO THIS NAG 95-CENTSHIP -- 1182 00:41:46,537 --> 00:41:47,972 MAGNIFICENT SHIP? 1183 00:41:47,972 --> 00:41:49,340 >> THIS IS FIRST TIME I HAVE 1184 00:41:49,340 --> 00:41:54,512 BEEN BACK SINCE I LEFT SERVICE 1185 00:41:54,512 --> 00:41:57,515 AND WAS HERE DAY BEFORE 1186 00:41:57,515 --> 00:41:58,616 YESTERDAY AND AM HERE AND WILL 1187 00:41:58,616 --> 00:42:01,552 BE BACK FOR THE ACTUAL DAY. 1188 00:42:01,552 --> 00:42:03,621 I HAVE MY CREWS BOOK. 1189 00:42:03,621 --> 00:42:04,355 ALL THE MEMBERS OF THE CREW AND 1190 00:42:04,355 --> 00:42:05,523 MANY MEMBERS OF THE CIVILIAN 1191 00:42:05,523 --> 00:42:08,492 CREW ON BOARD WERE GIVEN ONE OF 1192 00:42:08,492 --> 00:42:08,893 THESE. 1193 00:42:08,893 --> 00:42:12,229 I HAVE A LOT OF GOOD MEMORIES. 1194 00:42:12,229 --> 00:42:14,231 >> WHAT IS IN THIS BOOK? 1195 00:42:14,231 --> 00:42:15,833 SIGNATURE, PICTURES? 1196 00:42:15,833 --> 00:42:18,769 >> IT IS PICTURES OF WHAT WENT 1197 00:42:18,769 --> 00:42:23,407 ON, SHIP BOARD LIFE, RECOVERY. 1198 00:42:23,407 --> 00:42:28,779 A PICTURE OF THE CHAPLAIN WHO 1199 00:42:28,779 --> 00:42:30,247 WAS PRESIDENT NIXON FOR THE 1200 00:42:30,247 --> 00:42:32,516 REHEARSAL. 1201 00:42:32,516 --> 00:42:33,617 A DANDY GUY FROM WISCONSIN WHERE 1202 00:42:33,617 --> 00:42:35,486 I LIVE NOW. 1203 00:42:35,486 --> 00:42:37,588 JUST A LOT OF PICTURES THAT ARE 1204 00:42:37,588 --> 00:42:39,323 ROUTINE SHIP BOARD LIFE AND 1205 00:42:39,323 --> 00:42:40,991 CROSSING THE EQUATOR. 1206 00:42:40,991 --> 00:42:44,628 THERE WERE 1,500 OF US WHO ARE 1207 00:42:44,628 --> 00:42:46,931 SHELL BACKS AND THREE OR 400 1208 00:42:46,931 --> 00:42:48,566 INCLUDING MOST OF THE CIVILIANS 1209 00:42:48,566 --> 00:42:50,434 WHO WERE POLLIWOGS. 1210 00:42:50,434 --> 00:42:52,303 THERE ARE PICTURES IN HERE THAT 1211 00:42:52,303 --> 00:42:53,771 PROBABLY MOST OF THE FAMILIES 1212 00:42:53,771 --> 00:42:56,607 DON'T WANT TO SEE. 1213 00:42:56,607 --> 00:43:02,680 >> WE WON'T GO ON THERE. 1214 00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:03,213 SKIP, IT'S AN HONOR. 1215 00:43:03,213 --> 00:43:05,983 THANK YOU FOR YOUR SERVICE. 1216 00:43:05,983 --> 00:43:06,817 IT'S HUMBLING TO KNOW WHAT PART 1217 00:43:06,817 --> 00:43:09,620 YOU PLAYED IN THIS HISTORIC 1218 00:43:09,620 --> 00:43:10,287 EVENT IN THE ANNIVERSARY AND 1219 00:43:10,287 --> 00:43:12,690 THANK YOU. 1220 00:43:12,690 --> 00:43:14,692 I KNOW THE KIDS AND GRANDKIDS 1221 00:43:14,692 --> 00:43:15,059 ARE PROUD. 1222 00:43:15,059 --> 00:43:16,327 >> THEY ARE, INDEED. 1223 00:43:16,327 --> 00:43:17,695 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1224 00:43:17,695 --> 00:43:19,697 >> BACK TO CINDY WHO IS IN 1225 00:43:19,697 --> 00:43:21,565 A VERY IMPORTANT AREA WHERE THE 1226 00:43:21,565 --> 00:43:23,400 ASTRONAUTS WERE WHISKED INTO AS 1227 00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:26,670 THEY ARRIVE ON THE USS HORNET. 1228 00:43:26,670 --> 00:43:28,739 THE QUARANTINE FACILITY. 1229 00:43:28,739 --> 00:43:29,239 >> THANK YOU. 1230 00:43:29,239 --> 00:43:30,341 WELCOME BACK. 1231 00:43:30,341 --> 00:43:32,242 HERE ARE THE FIRST FOOT PRINTS 1232 00:43:32,242 --> 00:43:34,211 OF BUZZ ALDRIN AND NEIL 1233 00:43:34,211 --> 00:43:36,413 ARMSTRONG AS THEY EXITED THE 1234 00:43:36,413 --> 00:43:39,917 HELICOPTER TO GO INTO THE MOBILE 1235 00:43:39,917 --> 00:43:41,585 KWAR 15 FACILITY. 1236 00:43:41,585 --> 00:43:45,155 MICHAEL COLLINS' FOOT PRINTS ARE 1237 00:43:45,155 --> 00:43:48,158 NOT HERE BECAUSE HE DID NOT STEP 1238 00:43:48,158 --> 00:43:48,726 ON THE LUNAR SURFACE. 1239 00:43:48,726 --> 00:43:49,927 THIS IS A SPECIAL AIR STREAM 1240 00:43:49,927 --> 00:43:51,562 MADE FOR NASA. 1241 00:43:51,562 --> 00:43:53,797 IT DOESN'T HAVE A WHEEL BASE 1242 00:43:53,797 --> 00:43:55,466 JUST FOR THE ASTRONAUTS WHEN 1243 00:43:55,466 --> 00:43:56,834 THEY RETURNED FROM THE MOON. 1244 00:43:56,834 --> 00:43:58,669 WE HAVE SIX SEATS AND 1245 00:43:58,669 --> 00:44:01,572 A TECHNICIAN AND FACILITY IN 1246 00:44:01,572 --> 00:44:02,373 HERE WITH THE THREE ASTRONAUTS. 1247 00:44:02,373 --> 00:44:04,675 LET'S GO INSIDE. 1248 00:44:04,675 --> 00:44:06,744 VERY INTERESTING INSIDE. 1249 00:44:06,744 --> 00:44:08,579 THEY HAD TO BE ABLE TO EAT. 1250 00:44:08,579 --> 00:44:10,180 THEY NEEDED TO USE THE 1251 00:44:10,180 --> 00:44:10,581 FACILITIES. 1252 00:44:10,581 --> 00:44:14,485 REMEMBER THE 7 DAYS THERE WAS NO 1253 00:44:14,485 --> 00:44:14,818 SHOWER. 1254 00:44:14,818 --> 00:44:18,389 WE HAD TO GO INSIDE AND 1255 00:44:18,389 --> 00:44:23,327 BASICALLY HAVE EQUIPMENT FOR 1256 00:44:23,327 --> 00:44:25,295 THEM TO CHANGE AND USE THE 1257 00:44:25,295 --> 00:44:25,696 FACILITIES. 1258 00:44:25,696 --> 00:44:27,197 MICHAEL COLLINS WASN'T FEELING 1259 00:44:27,197 --> 00:44:29,833 THAT WELL WHEN HE CAME BACK. 1260 00:44:29,833 --> 00:44:30,534 WHAT HE DID, HE WAS THE FIRST 1261 00:44:30,534 --> 00:44:33,704 ONE TO USE THE FACILITIES BACK 1262 00:44:33,704 --> 00:44:35,906 HERE AND YOU CAN TAKE A LOOK 1263 00:44:35,906 --> 00:44:36,540 INSIDE. 1264 00:44:36,540 --> 00:44:37,808 AUTOVERY TIGHT. 1265 00:44:37,808 --> 00:44:39,877 IT WORKED. 1266 00:44:39,877 --> 00:44:41,478 WHAT HAPPENED WAS, THINK ABOUT 1267 00:44:41,478 --> 00:44:43,313 IT, FOR SEVEN DAYS THEY WERE IN 1268 00:44:43,313 --> 00:44:45,115 THE SMALL CAPSULE NOT MUCH ROOM 1269 00:44:45,115 --> 00:44:46,917 TO MOVE AROUND. 1270 00:44:46,917 --> 00:44:49,153 THEY SAID WHY DID YOU PUT US IN 1271 00:44:49,153 --> 00:44:50,587 ANOTHER SMALL UNIT. 1272 00:44:50,587 --> 00:44:53,390 THIS IS LUXURIOUS COMPARED TO 1273 00:44:53,390 --> 00:44:55,559 THE CAPSULE AND HAVE SIX BEDS 1274 00:44:55,559 --> 00:44:56,760 FOR THEM. 1275 00:44:56,760 --> 00:44:57,861 THEY HAVE -- OH, LOOK WHAT WE 1276 00:44:57,861 --> 00:45:00,931 HAVE HERE, A MICROWAVE. 1277 00:45:00,931 --> 00:45:05,369 THIS WAS MADE SPECIALLY FOR THE 1278 00:45:05,369 --> 00:45:05,636 MQF. 1279 00:45:05,636 --> 00:45:08,539 THEY COULDN'T HAVE AN OPEN FLAME 1280 00:45:08,539 --> 00:45:10,774 OR ELECTRICAL COIL TO COOK THEIR 1281 00:45:10,774 --> 00:45:13,610 FOOD, SO WHAT THEY DID WAS HAVE 1282 00:45:13,610 --> 00:45:15,679 A SPECIAL UNIT JUST FOR THE MQF 1283 00:45:15,679 --> 00:45:17,915 TO WARM UP THEIR FOOD AND COOK 1284 00:45:17,915 --> 00:45:19,116 THEIR FOOD. 1285 00:45:19,116 --> 00:45:23,187 OVER HERE WE ACTUALLY HAVE AN 1286 00:45:23,187 --> 00:45:24,621 AUTOGRAPH BY EDGAR MITCHELL FROM 1287 00:45:24,621 --> 00:45:28,792 THE APOLLO 14 LANDING. 1288 00:45:28,792 --> 00:45:30,828 WHAT HE DID WAS HE ACTUALLY WHEN 1289 00:45:30,828 --> 00:45:33,997 THEY GOT TO APOLLO 14 THEY 1290 00:45:33,997 --> 00:45:35,799 DIDN'T NEED AS MUCH QUARANTINE 1291 00:45:35,799 --> 00:45:38,202 TIME AS THEY DID FOR APOLLO 11 1292 00:45:38,202 --> 00:45:41,805 BECAUSE THE MOON GERMS WERE NOT 1293 00:45:41,805 --> 00:45:43,140 THAT SIGNIFICANT TO THE 1294 00:45:43,140 --> 00:45:44,541 INHABITANTS OF THE EARTH. 1295 00:45:44,541 --> 00:45:46,443 THEY HAD REGULAR FOOD THEY ATE 1296 00:45:46,443 --> 00:45:48,178 AND ENJOYED THE NEWSPAPERS. 1297 00:45:48,178 --> 00:45:49,413 WHEN I THAT WERE READING THE 1298 00:45:49,413 --> 00:45:52,149 NEWSPAPERS THEY HAD NO IDEA THEY 1299 00:45:52,149 --> 00:45:53,350 WERE THAT POPULAR. 1300 00:45:53,350 --> 00:45:56,320 THEY IT SAID UNITED STATES GO TO 1301 00:45:56,320 --> 00:45:58,122 THE MOON AND BACK FROM THE MOON 1302 00:45:58,122 --> 00:45:59,857 AND ASTRONAUTS ARE HEROES. 1303 00:45:59,857 --> 00:46:00,190 REALLY? 1304 00:46:00,190 --> 00:46:03,193 WE DIDN'T KNOW WE WERE THAT 1305 00:46:03,193 --> 00:46:03,527 POPULAR. 1306 00:46:03,527 --> 00:46:04,962 WHEN THEY GOT TO HAWAII IN THE 1307 00:46:04,962 --> 00:46:06,830 MQF THERE WAS A BIG PARADE AND 1308 00:46:06,830 --> 00:46:07,464 PEOPLE WERE CLAPPING AND 1309 00:46:07,464 --> 00:46:08,999 CHEERING AND THEY LOOKED OUT THE 1310 00:46:08,999 --> 00:46:10,667 WINDOW AND THEY SAID WHAT IS 1311 00:46:10,667 --> 00:46:11,902 GOING ON OUT HERE. 1312 00:46:11,902 --> 00:46:13,670 WHY ALL THESE PEOPLE ON THE 1313 00:46:13,670 --> 00:46:14,037 PIER? 1314 00:46:14,037 --> 00:46:15,506 THEY GOT AHOLD OF A NEWSPAPER 1315 00:46:15,506 --> 00:46:18,208 THAT SAID THEY WERE HERO ASKS 1316 00:46:18,208 --> 00:46:19,743 BUZZ ALDRIN SAID TO NEIL 1317 00:46:19,743 --> 00:46:23,046 ARMSTRONG AND MICHAEL COLLINS WE 1318 00:46:23,046 --> 00:46:27,851 MISS THE WHOLE THING. 1319 00:46:27,851 --> 00:46:29,887 THEY STAYED HERE FOR 52 HOURS 1320 00:46:29,887 --> 00:46:34,691 AND THEY WENT FROM THE PACIFIC 1321 00:46:34,691 --> 00:46:36,994 AND HAWAII AND STAYED IN HERE 1322 00:46:36,994 --> 00:46:39,229 AND ALSO WENT TO TEXAS. 1323 00:46:39,229 --> 00:46:40,130 WHEN THEY WENT TO TEXAS THEY 1324 00:46:40,130 --> 00:46:44,067 WERE GUARANTEED FOR 15 DAYS AND 1325 00:46:44,067 --> 00:46:48,705 TOTAL QUARANTINE WAS 15 DAYS. 1326 00:46:48,705 --> 00:46:50,307 THEY HAD TO GET EQUIPMENT FROM 1327 00:46:50,307 --> 00:46:51,441 THE CAPSULES. 1328 00:46:51,441 --> 00:46:53,477 THERE WAS A PLASTIC TUNNEL FROM 1329 00:46:53,477 --> 00:46:56,580 THE CAPSULE TO MQF WHERE THEY 1330 00:46:56,580 --> 00:46:58,348 COULD CARRY BACKS THE SPECIMENS 1331 00:46:58,348 --> 00:47:01,885 AND ANY EQUIPMENT TO THE MQF. 1332 00:47:01,885 --> 00:47:04,087 ONCE THEY DID THAT THE DOOR WAS 1333 00:47:04,087 --> 00:47:04,688 CLOSED AND EVERYBODY WAS 1334 00:47:04,688 --> 00:47:06,023 QUARANTINED INCLUDING THE 1335 00:47:06,023 --> 00:47:07,391 SPECIMENS IN HERE. 1336 00:47:07,391 --> 00:47:08,926 WELCOME TO THE HORNET AND SEE 1337 00:47:08,926 --> 00:47:09,393 YOU AGAIN SOON. 1338 00:47:09,393 --> 00:47:12,563 BYE. 1339 00:47:12,563 --> 00:47:16,200 >> THANK YOU, CINDY. 1340 00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:18,302 >> BACK TO YOU, DWAYNE. 1341 00:47:18,302 --> 00:47:19,303 >> THANK YOU. 1342 00:47:19,303 --> 00:47:19,670 [LAUGHING] 1343 00:47:19,670 --> 00:47:21,705 YOU ARE DOING GREAT, CINDY. 1344 00:47:21,705 --> 00:47:23,173 I LOVE HEAR YOU TALK. 1345 00:47:23,173 --> 00:47:24,441 I COME IN TOO QUICK. 1346 00:47:24,441 --> 00:47:26,109 YOU ARE JUST FANTASTIC. 1347 00:47:26,109 --> 00:47:28,378 WE ARE BACK HERE ON SET. 1348 00:47:28,378 --> 00:47:31,882 I HAVE NOT ONE, BUT TWO OF THE 1349 00:47:31,882 --> 00:47:34,952 SCIENTISTS ARE HERE AND NOW WE 1350 00:47:34,952 --> 00:47:35,652 ARE TOGETHERLET YOU NEVER KNOW 1351 00:47:35,652 --> 00:47:37,221 WHAT TO EXPECT ON LIVE 1352 00:47:37,221 --> 00:47:37,654 TELEVISION. 1353 00:47:37,654 --> 00:47:41,158 SOMEBODY'S BIRTHDAY IS TODAY. 1354 00:47:41,158 --> 00:47:42,826 KIMBERLY'S BIRTHDAY. 1355 00:47:42,826 --> 00:47:44,394 >> HAPPY BIRTHDAY. 1356 00:47:44,394 --> 00:47:44,962 >> HAPPY BIRTHDAY. 1357 00:47:44,962 --> 00:47:46,630 OH, MY GOODNESS, THAT IS SO 1358 00:47:46,630 --> 00:47:46,930 COOL. 1359 00:47:46,930 --> 00:47:51,401 WE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT THE 1360 00:47:51,401 --> 00:47:51,702 PAST. 1361 00:47:51,702 --> 00:47:52,936 NOW WE WILL GO INTO THE FUTURE. 1362 00:47:52,936 --> 00:47:54,938 THE ARTEMIS PROGRAM. 1363 00:47:54,938 --> 00:47:58,475 BEFORE WE GET INTO THAT, JIM, WE 1364 00:47:58,475 --> 00:48:06,350 TALKED ABOUT THE ROCKS, WHAT -- 1365 00:48:06,350 --> 00:48:07,351 AREN'T THERE NEW SAMPLES THAT 1366 00:48:07,351 --> 00:48:09,586 HAVEN'T BEEN OPENED YET? 1367 00:48:09,586 --> 00:48:10,287 >> INDEED. 1368 00:48:10,287 --> 00:48:12,189 WE KEPT SOME ASIDE. 1369 00:48:12,189 --> 00:48:14,458 AND NOW WE ARE READY TO OPEN 1370 00:48:14,458 --> 00:48:15,959 THEM. 1371 00:48:15,959 --> 00:48:19,696 WE HAVE ONE VERY SPECIAL TYPE OF 1372 00:48:19,696 --> 00:48:20,063 CONTAINER. 1373 00:48:20,063 --> 00:48:23,300 IT'S A LONG, HOLLOW CYLINDER 1374 00:48:23,300 --> 00:48:28,171 USED BY APOLLO 7 TEAM THAT WAS 1375 00:48:28,171 --> 00:48:29,339 JAMMED INTO THE SOIL IN AN AREA 1376 00:48:29,339 --> 00:48:31,942 WE KNOW WAS A LAND SLIDE. 1377 00:48:31,942 --> 00:48:33,944 THERE IS TRAPPED GASES AND ALL 1378 00:48:33,944 --> 00:48:35,279 SORTS OF STUFF WE BELIEVE ARE 1379 00:48:35,279 --> 00:48:35,679 THERE. 1380 00:48:35,679 --> 00:48:38,482 NOW THAT WHOLE TUBE WHICH IS 1381 00:48:38,482 --> 00:48:40,417 FULL OF LUNAR MATERIAL WILL BE 1382 00:48:40,417 --> 00:48:40,918 OPENED THIS YEAR. 1383 00:48:40,918 --> 00:48:43,921 WE HAVE TO DEVELOP THE RIGHT 1384 00:48:43,921 --> 00:48:48,358 CAPABLE TO CAPTURE ALL THE GAS 1385 00:48:48,358 --> 00:48:48,659 GASES. 1386 00:48:48,659 --> 00:48:51,762 >> THE SCIENTIST THE OF PREVIOUS 1387 00:48:51,762 --> 00:48:52,396 GENERATIONS WHO HAD THE 1388 00:48:52,396 --> 00:48:55,699 FORETHOUGHT OF KEEPING CERTAIN 1389 00:48:55,699 --> 00:48:57,301 SAMPLE ASIDE, PRISTINE, 1390 00:48:57,301 --> 00:48:57,668 UNTOUCHED. 1391 00:48:57,668 --> 00:49:00,904 AS ADVANCES IN OUR LABORATORY 1392 00:49:00,904 --> 00:49:03,040 TECHNIQUES WE CAN EXTRACT 1393 00:49:03,040 --> 00:49:06,343 A DIFFERENT TYPE OF SCIENCE, 1394 00:49:06,343 --> 00:49:07,978 KNOWLEDGE FROM THAT. 1395 00:49:07,978 --> 00:49:09,880 >> KIMBERLY AND JIM, LET'S GO TO 1396 00:49:09,880 --> 00:49:15,485 THETHE TPAOUTUSH. 1397 00:49:15,485 --> 00:49:16,420 FUTURE. 1398 00:49:16,420 --> 00:49:18,956 WHAT IS ARMISAND WHAT WILL 1399 00:49:18,956 --> 00:49:20,157 HAPPEN. 1400 00:49:20,157 --> 00:49:21,792 >> THOSE WHO KNOW THEIR GREEK 1401 00:49:21,792 --> 00:49:23,593 MYTHOLOGY, ARTEMIS IS THE TWIN 1402 00:49:23,593 --> 00:49:25,195 SISTER OF APOLLO. 1403 00:49:25,195 --> 00:49:27,698 WE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT THE 1404 00:49:27,698 --> 00:49:28,565 APOLLO PROGRAM, A HUMAN ON THE 1405 00:49:28,565 --> 00:49:28,999 MOON. 1406 00:49:28,999 --> 00:49:30,667 THE APOLLO PROGRAM HAD 1407 00:49:30,667 --> 00:49:31,868 A DIFFERENT CHARGE. 1408 00:49:31,868 --> 00:49:33,837 THE PROGRAM WAS TO PUT A HUMAN 1409 00:49:33,837 --> 00:49:34,471 ON THE MOON AND RETURN HIM 1410 00:49:34,471 --> 00:49:35,872 SAFELY TO EARTH. 1411 00:49:35,872 --> 00:49:37,975 WE HAD OTHER SCIENCE THAT WENT 1412 00:49:37,975 --> 00:49:38,442 ALONG WITH THAT. 1413 00:49:38,442 --> 00:49:41,945 ARTEMIS IS DIFFERENT. 1414 00:49:41,945 --> 00:49:44,348 ARTEMIS IS A FORWARD TO THE MOON 1415 00:49:44,348 --> 00:49:47,684 WITH A SUSTAINABLE HUMAN AND 1416 00:49:47,684 --> 00:49:49,686 ROBOTIC PRESENCE ON THE MOON AND 1417 00:49:49,686 --> 00:49:50,020 BEYOND. 1418 00:49:50,020 --> 00:49:52,789 USING THE MOON AS A PROVING 1419 00:49:52,789 --> 00:49:53,690 GROUND FOR MARS AND BEYOND THE 1420 00:49:53,690 --> 00:49:54,658 SOLAR SYSTEM. 1421 00:49:54,658 --> 00:49:56,426 ARTEMIS IS THE FIRST WOMAN AND 1422 00:49:56,426 --> 00:50:01,298 NEXT PERSON ON THE MOON IN 2024. 1423 00:50:01,298 --> 00:50:03,400 A GIANT LEAP FOR WOMAN KIND AND 1424 00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:10,173 A Y YOU MONGOUS LEAP FOR HUMANIT 1425 00:50:10,173 --> 00:50:13,243 IT WILL GIVE US A SUSTAINABLE 1426 00:50:13,243 --> 00:50:13,844 PRESENCE WITH COMMERCIAL 1427 00:50:13,844 --> 00:50:15,712 PARTNERS AND INTERNATIONAL 1428 00:50:15,712 --> 00:50:16,079 PARTNERS. 1429 00:50:16,079 --> 00:50:17,881 IT IS NOT IN THE REALM OF SUPER 1430 00:50:17,881 --> 00:50:19,616 POWERS AND GOVERNMENTS. 1431 00:50:19,616 --> 00:50:20,751 WE ARE DOING THIS TOGETHER. 1432 00:50:20,751 --> 00:50:25,055 THAT'S WHAT IS, YOU KNOW, TO ME, 1433 00:50:25,055 --> 00:50:26,823 TO THE ARTEMIS GENERATION. 1434 00:50:26,823 --> 00:50:29,126 ALL OF US ARE THE A*RBT 1435 00:50:29,126 --> 00:50:30,460 MISGENERATION ON THE BACK BONES 1436 00:50:30,460 --> 00:50:32,596 OF THE SHOULDERS OF THE APOLL 1437 00:50:32,596 --> 00:50:35,565 JOE GENERATION WHO BROUGHT US 1438 00:50:35,565 --> 00:50:37,267 AMAZING ENGINEERING, 1439 00:50:37,267 --> 00:50:38,935 TRANSFORMATIVE SCIENCE AND A NEW 1440 00:50:38,935 --> 00:50:41,905 WORLD VIEW OF WHAT HUMANITY CAN 1441 00:50:41,905 --> 00:50:42,873 DO TO MAKE THE IMPOSSIBLE, 1442 00:50:42,873 --> 00:50:43,306 POSSIBLE. 1443 00:50:43,306 --> 00:50:45,642 >> WE ARE HERE AND ACTUALLY ARE 1444 00:50:45,642 --> 00:50:46,843 SEEING FOLKS AROUND US, THIS IS 1445 00:50:46,843 --> 00:50:47,144 COOL. 1446 00:50:47,144 --> 00:50:48,712 IT'S A MUSEUM AND WE HAVE KIDS 1447 00:50:48,712 --> 00:50:50,414 AND EVERYTHING ASK THEY ARE 1448 00:50:50,414 --> 00:50:51,948 EXCITED AND THAT'S WHAT THE 1449 00:50:51,948 --> 00:50:52,482 SPACE PROGRAM DOES. 1450 00:50:52,482 --> 00:50:54,117 I WANTED TO ASK YOU THIS BEFORE 1451 00:50:54,117 --> 00:50:56,319 WE GOT INTO ARTEMIS. 1452 00:50:56,319 --> 00:50:59,289 I WAS 9 YEARS OLD AND I REMEMBER 1453 00:50:59,289 --> 00:51:01,058 RUN AROUND THE LIVING ROOM AND 1454 00:51:01,058 --> 00:51:02,759 MY GRANDMOTHER WAS WATCHING 1455 00:51:02,759 --> 00:51:05,829 SOMETHING ON THE MOON AND I WAS 1456 00:51:05,829 --> 00:51:06,596 PLAYING WITH BUGS AND THINGS 1457 00:51:06,596 --> 00:51:07,964 LIKE THAT. 1458 00:51:07,964 --> 00:51:08,698 I THINK YOU WERE IN THE STARS AT 1459 00:51:08,698 --> 00:51:09,766 THE TIME. 1460 00:51:09,766 --> 00:51:13,470 >> MY PARENTS WERE JUST DATING. 1461 00:51:13,470 --> 00:51:13,937 >> SO, JIM. 1462 00:51:13,937 --> 00:51:15,238 >> YES, WELL. 1463 00:51:15,238 --> 00:51:16,907 >> WHERE WERE YOU? 1464 00:51:16,907 --> 00:51:18,842 >> I HAD GRADUATED FROM HIGH 1465 00:51:18,842 --> 00:51:19,176 SCHOOL. 1466 00:51:19,176 --> 00:51:21,645 >> ALL RIGHT. 1467 00:51:21,645 --> 00:51:22,746 >> THAT SUMMER WAS GETTING READY 1468 00:51:22,746 --> 00:51:25,382 FOR GOING TO THE UNIVERSITY OF 1469 00:51:25,382 --> 00:51:27,918 IOWA AND I HAD A FANTAST EUBGS 1470 00:51:27,918 --> 00:51:29,252 OPPORTUNITY ON THAT SUNDAY 1471 00:51:29,252 --> 00:51:31,254 AFTERNOON TO SEE THE LANDING ON 1472 00:51:31,254 --> 00:51:33,390 MY BLACK AND WHITE TV AT HOME. 1473 00:51:33,390 --> 00:51:35,692 AND, OF COURSE, LATER ON WHEN 1474 00:51:35,692 --> 00:51:37,194 THEY GOT OUT OF THE CAPSULE AND 1475 00:51:37,194 --> 00:51:40,163 WALKED ON THE MOON, IT WAS JUST 1476 00:51:40,163 --> 00:51:40,530 RIVETTING. 1477 00:51:40,530 --> 00:51:43,500 IT WAS REALLY QUITE A SPECIAL 1478 00:51:43,500 --> 00:51:43,800 TIME. 1479 00:51:43,800 --> 00:51:44,501 FORTUNATELY I HAD ALREADY BEEN 1480 00:51:44,501 --> 00:51:45,202 SO EXCITED ABOUT ASTRONOMY AND 1481 00:51:45,202 --> 00:51:48,305 SI EPS I KNEW I WAS GOING T -- 1482 00:51:48,305 --> 00:51:49,106 SCIENCE, I KNEW I WAS GOING TO 1483 00:51:49,106 --> 00:51:52,275 GET MY DEGREE IN ASTRONOMY WHEN 1484 00:51:52,275 --> 00:51:52,876 I WENT TO COLLEGE. 1485 00:51:52,876 --> 00:51:53,910 I DIDN'T KNOW THEY WERE WORKING 1486 00:51:53,910 --> 00:51:55,145 ON SPACECRAFT. 1487 00:51:55,145 --> 00:51:57,414 I NATURALLY FELL INTO THE 1488 00:51:57,414 --> 00:51:59,249 ROBOTICSES SPACECRAFT END OF 1489 00:51:59,249 --> 00:52:00,617 THINGS. 1490 00:52:00,617 --> 00:52:02,786 >> A REALLY GREAT OVER VIEW OF 1491 00:52:02,786 --> 00:52:04,254 ARTEMIS AND GOING BACK TO THE 1492 00:52:04,254 --> 00:52:07,657 MOON, NOT JUST TO PLANT A FLAG, 1493 00:52:07,657 --> 00:52:09,459 BUT BE SUSTAINABLE. 1494 00:52:09,459 --> 00:52:11,461 THE FIRST WOMAN AND NEXT MAN. 1495 00:52:11,461 --> 00:52:16,700 MARS PLAYS INTO THIS AS WELL. 1496 00:52:16,700 --> 00:52:17,467 >> WHAT WE WILL LEARN TO DO IS 1497 00:52:17,467 --> 00:52:19,436 LIVE AND WORK ON A PLANETARY 1498 00:52:19,436 --> 00:52:22,139 SURFACE AND THE MOON IS THE 1499 00:52:22,139 --> 00:52:23,940 PERFECT ONE TO DO AND ALLOWS US 1500 00:52:23,940 --> 00:52:25,876 TO DEVELOP A VARIETY OF 1501 00:52:25,876 --> 00:52:27,244 CAPABILITY WE WILL USE AS WE 1502 00:52:27,244 --> 00:52:29,246 THEN GO TO MARS. 1503 00:52:29,246 --> 00:52:31,148 FOR INSTANCE, GETTING ACCESS TO 1504 00:52:31,148 --> 00:52:33,016 THE WATER, BEING ABLE TO BREAK 1505 00:52:33,016 --> 00:52:36,486 APART THE WATER IN THE SOUTH 1506 00:52:36,486 --> 00:52:38,655 POLEAR REGION WHERE WE WILL LAND 1507 00:52:38,655 --> 00:52:39,856 ALLOWS US NOT TONAL DRINK IT, 1508 00:52:39,856 --> 00:52:41,491 WATER IS WATER WHETHER ON THE 1509 00:52:41,491 --> 00:52:43,393 MOON OR ON THE EARTH. 1510 00:52:43,393 --> 00:52:45,695 >> OR ON MARS. 1511 00:52:45,695 --> 00:52:46,296 >> OR ON MARS. 1512 00:52:46,296 --> 00:52:47,030 >> WE KNOW THERE IS WATER ON 1513 00:52:47,030 --> 00:52:50,000 MARS AND SUBSURFACE AND WE KNOW 1514 00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:51,168 ON THE MOON. 1515 00:52:51,168 --> 00:52:53,803 THE TECHNIQUES TO EXCAVATE IT. 1516 00:52:53,803 --> 00:52:55,572 THREE DAY JOURNEY AWAY, MARS 1517 00:52:55,572 --> 00:52:57,574 URBS 6-8 MONTHS AWAY. 1518 00:52:57,574 --> 00:52:59,109 DIFFERENT MIND SET. 1519 00:52:59,109 --> 00:53:00,877 INDEPENDENT SPACE EXPLORATION. 1520 00:53:00,877 --> 00:53:02,379 MOON PROVING GROUND. 1521 00:53:02,379 --> 00:53:03,146 WE'LL BE READY FOR MARS. 1522 00:53:03,146 --> 00:53:06,683 >> LET'S GO TO SOCIAL MEDIA 1523 00:53:06,683 --> 00:53:06,983 HERE. 1524 00:53:06,983 --> 00:53:12,789 AND WE WILL TAKE A QUESTION FROM 1525 00:53:12,789 --> 00:53:13,089 JIMMY. 1526 00:53:13,089 --> 00:53:14,858 THIS IS PERFECT: WATER. 1527 00:53:14,858 --> 00:53:18,962 WITH ALL THIS WATER DOES THAT 1528 00:53:18,962 --> 00:53:19,963 MEAN LIFE COULD BE ON THE MOON 1529 00:53:19,963 --> 00:53:21,298 AND MARS TOGETHER? 1530 00:53:21,298 --> 00:53:23,033 >> WE DON'T THINK SOON THE 1531 00:53:23,033 --> 00:53:23,333 MOON. 1532 00:53:23,333 --> 00:53:27,704 WE KNOW THAT SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT 1533 00:53:27,704 --> 00:53:30,540 OF THE WATER IS DUE TO 1534 00:53:30,540 --> 00:53:33,043 COMMITTARY IMPACTS FROM 1535 00:53:33,043 --> 00:53:34,611 ASTEROIDS THAT HAVE 1536 00:53:34,611 --> 00:53:35,879 A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF WATER. 1537 00:53:35,879 --> 00:53:37,881 THAT FORMS A COLD TRAP IN THE 1538 00:53:37,881 --> 00:53:39,716 SOUTH POLE AND NORTH POLE 1539 00:53:39,716 --> 00:53:41,585 RECENTLYIONS AND THAT WATER THEN 1540 00:53:41,585 --> 00:53:43,587 ENDS UP IN THE PERMANENTLY 1541 00:53:43,587 --> 00:53:44,921 SHADOWED AREAS. 1542 00:53:44,921 --> 00:53:48,325 SINCE WE ARE BEEN TO COMETS AND 1543 00:53:48,325 --> 00:53:49,025 ASTEROIDS WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT 1544 00:53:49,025 --> 00:53:51,494 THEM AND DON'T BELIEVE THEY HAVE 1545 00:53:51,494 --> 00:53:54,531 THE ABILITY TO BE BIHROPBLICALLY 1546 00:53:54,531 --> 00:53:54,864 ACTIVE. 1547 00:53:54,864 --> 00:53:56,833 THEREFORE, WE BELIEVE THIS IS 1548 00:53:56,833 --> 00:53:58,702 PROBABLY ALSO TRUE WITH THE 1549 00:53:58,702 --> 00:53:59,202 WATER ON THE MOON. 1550 00:53:59,202 --> 00:54:02,239 IT DOESN'T HAVE THE KIND OF 1551 00:54:02,239 --> 00:54:04,241 EVOLUTIONARY ENVIRONMENT, 1552 00:54:04,241 --> 00:54:06,009 HABITABLE ENVIRONMENT LIKE AN 1553 00:54:06,009 --> 00:54:06,710 ATMOSPHERE AND FLOWING WATER. 1554 00:54:06,710 --> 00:54:08,144 WE HAVE THE ICE THERE. 1555 00:54:08,144 --> 00:54:09,913 >> A LITTLE KNOWN FACT, DID YOU 1556 00:54:09,913 --> 00:54:12,349 REALIZE THERE WAS A SECOND LUNAR 1557 00:54:12,349 --> 00:54:15,285 PROCESSING LAB DURING APOLLO AT 1558 00:54:15,285 --> 00:54:17,220 NASA AMES. 1559 00:54:17,220 --> 00:54:24,661 LUNAR BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY. 1560 00:54:24,661 --> 00:54:26,429 A GOOD SCIENTIST WILL DO AN 1561 00:54:26,429 --> 00:54:26,863 EXPERIMENT. 1562 00:54:26,863 --> 00:54:28,632 WE DID AN EXPERIMENT WITH 300 1563 00:54:28,632 --> 00:54:31,868 ENVIRONMENTS TO LOOK FOR MI 1564 00:54:31,868 --> 00:54:35,472 MICROBES ON LUNAR SAMPLES. 1565 00:54:35,472 --> 00:54:39,509 BIOLOGY CAN EXIST IN EXTREME 1566 00:54:39,509 --> 00:54:40,977 ENVIRONMENTS. 1567 00:54:40,977 --> 00:54:43,013 NOTHING WAS FOUND BUT IT WAS 1568 00:54:43,013 --> 00:54:44,614 DEVELOPED FOR VIKING THAT WENT 1569 00:54:44,614 --> 00:54:46,750 TO MARS IN 1976 LOOKING FOR LIFE 1570 00:54:46,750 --> 00:54:47,484 AND WE ARE STILL TRYING TO 1571 00:54:47,484 --> 00:54:50,420 ANSWER THAT QUESTION ARE WE 1572 00:54:50,420 --> 00:54:50,720 ALONE. 1573 00:54:50,720 --> 00:54:52,255 LOOKING AND GETTING SMARTER AT 1574 00:54:52,255 --> 00:54:53,723 HOW TO LOOK FOR LIFE. 1575 00:54:53,723 --> 00:54:58,695 THE MOON IS -- IT DOESN'T HAVE 1576 00:54:58,695 --> 00:54:58,995 LIFE. 1577 00:54:58,995 --> 00:55:02,832 >> KEEP SENDING YOUR QUESTIONS 1578 00:55:02,832 --> 00:55:05,602 IN. 1579 00:55:05,602 --> 00:55:08,138 SO TWITTER ASKS: WILL THEY 1580 00:55:08,138 --> 00:55:11,641 BRING BACK NEW LUNAR SAMPLES. 1581 00:55:11,641 --> 00:55:12,208 >> ABSOLUTELY. 1582 00:55:12,208 --> 00:55:12,609 >> YES. 1583 00:55:12,609 --> 00:55:13,076 [LAUGHING] 1584 00:55:13,076 --> 00:55:15,812 >> THAT WOULD BE YES. 1585 00:55:15,812 --> 00:55:18,948 >> IF YOU THINK THE SIX LANDED 1586 00:55:18,948 --> 00:55:20,684 MISSIONS, SAMPLED ABOUT 4% OF 1587 00:55:20,684 --> 00:55:21,918 THE SURFACE. 1588 00:55:21,918 --> 00:55:23,687 WE HAVE NOT HAD SAMPLES FROM THE 1589 00:55:23,687 --> 00:55:26,056 FAR SIDE OR THE POLES OR THE 1590 00:55:26,056 --> 00:55:28,291 BASEIBS OF THE PERMANENTLY 1591 00:55:28,291 --> 00:55:30,060 SHADOWED CRATERS. 1592 00:55:30,060 --> 00:55:33,129 I WORKED ON A MISSION THAT 1593 00:55:33,129 --> 00:55:36,866 CRASHED INTO ONE AND WE FIND 1594 00:55:36,866 --> 00:55:39,102 ARGONE AND MERCURY AND SILVER 1595 00:55:39,102 --> 00:55:41,338 AND CARBON MONOXIDE. 1596 00:55:41,338 --> 00:55:43,573 WE FOUND A LOT. 1597 00:55:43,573 --> 00:55:44,040 WE WANT SAMPLES. 1598 00:55:44,040 --> 00:55:46,543 IF WE CAN GET REALLY OLD ROCKS, 1599 00:55:46,543 --> 00:55:48,945 WE CAN PROPERLY RECALIBRATE OUR 1600 00:55:48,945 --> 00:55:53,850 TIME CLOCK TH MOON STILL HOLDS. 1601 00:55:53,850 --> 00:55:54,250 >> WOW. 1602 00:55:54,250 --> 00:55:56,419 >> LOOKING FOR MORE ROCKS. 1603 00:55:56,419 --> 00:55:57,454 >> ABSOLUTELY. 1604 00:55:57,454 --> 00:56:00,857 A QUESTION ON TWITTER. 1605 00:56:00,857 --> 00:56:01,358 DWAYNE ON TWITTER. 1606 00:56:01,358 --> 00:56:02,459 I LIKES THE NAME. 1607 00:56:02,459 --> 00:56:05,328 [LAUGHING] 1608 00:56:05,328 --> 00:56:11,568 WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE PLANET OR 1609 00:56:11,568 --> 00:56:13,303 CELESTIAL BODY. 1610 00:56:13,303 --> 00:56:15,238 >> I WOULD GIVE A LOT OF PUBLIC 1611 00:56:15,238 --> 00:56:18,708 TALKS AND ALWAYS ONE THE 1612 00:56:18,708 --> 00:56:20,477 QUESTIONS CAME IN THE BOYS AND 1613 00:56:20,477 --> 00:56:22,245 GIRLS WOULD ASK MY FAVORITE 1614 00:56:22,245 --> 00:56:22,579 PLANET. 1615 00:56:22,579 --> 00:56:24,447 MY ANSWER, WHICH IS STILL THE 1616 00:56:24,447 --> 00:56:26,950 SAME TODAY IS I LOVE ALL MY 1617 00:56:26,950 --> 00:56:30,253 CHILDREN EQUALLY. 1618 00:56:30,253 --> 00:56:31,988 THE PARENTS GOT IT. 1619 00:56:31,988 --> 00:56:32,756 I THINK THE CHILDREN WERE 1620 00:56:32,756 --> 00:56:35,525 BAFFLED BY THAT ANSWER. 1621 00:56:35,525 --> 00:56:37,460 EVERY OBJECT WE GO TO ON THE 1622 00:56:37,460 --> 00:56:39,162 SOLAR SYSTEM HAS SOME ELEMENT 1623 00:56:39,162 --> 00:56:41,164 ABOUT IT THAT IS SO UNIQUE AND 1624 00:56:41,164 --> 00:56:42,665 SO IMPORTANT. 1625 00:56:42,665 --> 00:56:44,968 IT'S A PIECE OF A PUZZLE ON HOW 1626 00:56:44,968 --> 00:56:48,071 THESE THINGS ARE PUT TOGETHER. 1627 00:56:48,071 --> 00:56:51,474 ICY BODS AND TERRESTIAL BODIES 1628 00:56:51,474 --> 00:57:01,818 AND IN THE BELT AND ALL. 1629 00:57:01,818 --> 00:57:02,619 >> HOW DID CAN YOU TOP THAT 1630 00:57:02,619 --> 00:57:02,952 ANSWER? 1631 00:57:02,952 --> 00:57:05,121 WHEN I THINK ABOUT HOW MUCH WE 1632 00:57:05,121 --> 00:57:08,858 HAVE LEARNED ABOUT THE SOLAR 1633 00:57:08,858 --> 00:57:10,360 SYSTEM, I KNOW MY FAVORITE 1634 00:57:10,360 --> 00:57:11,795 PLANET IS EARTH. 1635 00:57:11,795 --> 00:57:13,830 IT'S WHERE WE ARE. 1636 00:57:13,830 --> 00:57:14,264 WE HUMANS ARE. 1637 00:57:14,264 --> 00:57:16,733 IT IS WHERE WE HAVE THE 1638 00:57:16,733 --> 00:57:18,635 CURIOSITY, THE MENTION, THE KNOW 1639 00:57:18,635 --> 00:57:20,703 HOW, THE ENGINEERING TO MAKE 1640 00:57:20,703 --> 00:57:23,673 THAT IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBLE. 1641 00:57:23,673 --> 00:57:26,176 IT HAS BROUGHT US THE PICTURES 1642 00:57:26,176 --> 00:57:26,609 OF PLUTO. 1643 00:57:26,609 --> 00:57:27,444 IT BROUGHT US THE INFORMATION 1644 00:57:27,444 --> 00:57:28,011 ABOUT THE MOON. 1645 00:57:28,011 --> 00:57:30,580 IT BROUGHT US INFORMATION ABOUT 1646 00:57:30,580 --> 00:57:30,914 THE SUN. 1647 00:57:30,914 --> 00:57:35,018 SO I THINK EARTH, OUR BLUE 1648 00:57:35,018 --> 00:57:37,153 MARBLE, PALE BLUE DOT, THAT'S MY 1649 00:57:37,153 --> 00:57:39,088 FAVORITE PLANET BECAUSE OF US. 1650 00:57:39,088 --> 00:57:41,090 >> I WISH YOU WOULD HAVE BEEN MY 1651 00:57:41,090 --> 00:57:41,558 SCIENCE TEACHER. 1652 00:57:41,558 --> 00:57:43,059 YOU GUY, AWESOME. 1653 00:57:43,059 --> 00:57:44,394 THAT WILL DO IT FOR US. 1654 00:57:44,394 --> 00:57:46,362 WE ARE OUT OF TIME. 1655 00:57:46,362 --> 00:57:50,099 YOU KEEP SENDING IN QUESTIONS ON 1656 00:57:50,099 --> 00:57:52,669 #ASKNASA. 1657 00:57:52,669 --> 00:57:54,537 THIS IS NASA SINESS LIVE WHERE 1658 00:57:54,537 --> 00:57:56,406 YOU CAN GET -- SCIENCE LIVE 1659 00:57:56,406 --> 00:57:59,375 WHERE YOU CAN GET INFORMATION 1660 00:57:59,375 --> 00:58:01,377 AND SEE MORE SHOWS. 1661 00:58:01,377 --> 00:58:03,580 AND LOOK OUT FOR THE NEXT SHOW 1662 00:58:03,580 --> 00:58:05,815 SOMETIME IN SEPTEMBER OR IF 1663 00:58:05,815 --> 00:58:08,117 THESE INCREDIBLE SCIENTISTS COME 1664 00:58:08,117 --> 00:58:10,386 UP WITH REALLY COOL SCIENCE YOU 1665 00:58:10,386 --> 00:58:12,021 MAY HAVE A NASA SCIENCE LIVE 1666 00:58:12,021 --> 00:58:15,091 SHOW BEFORE THAT. 1667 00:58:15,091 --> 00:58:17,227 NOW, BEFORE WE SIGN OFF, I HAVE 1668 00:58:17,227 --> 00:58:20,163 A FINAL PERSONAL NOTE. 1669 00:58:20,163 --> 00:58:23,132 I HAVE BEEN WITH THIS GREAT 1670 00:58:23,132 --> 00:58:24,033 AGENCY FOR NEARLY 40 YEARS. 1671 00:58:24,033 --> 00:58:26,736 I HAVE WORKED ON HUNDREDS OF 1672 00:58:26,736 --> 00:58:29,772 MISSIONS SPANNING AERONAUTIC, 1673 00:58:29,772 --> 00:58:31,508 SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM AND 1674 00:58:31,508 --> 00:58:31,841 SCIENCE. 1675 00:58:31,841 --> 00:58:33,977 NOW I HAVE A NEW MISSION. 1676 00:58:33,977 --> 00:58:36,813 TO TRAVEL TO THE PLANET 1677 00:58:36,813 --> 00:58:37,480 RETIREMENT. 1678 00:58:37,480 --> 00:58:38,815 [LAUGHING] 1679 00:58:38,815 --> 00:58:41,584 IT HAS BEEN MY HONOR -- AND I A 1680 00:58:41,584 --> 00:58:43,319 VERY HUMBLED TO HAVE WORKED WITH 1681 00:58:43,319 --> 00:58:45,438 THOUSAND, NO TENS OF THOUSANDS 1682 00:58:45,438 --> 00:58:46,990 OF PEOPLE ALL OVER THE GLOBE. 1683 00:58:46,990 --> 00:58:48,541 THE MENTORS LIKE JIM, THE 1684 00:58:48,541 --> 00:58:50,026 COLLEAGUES LIKE KIMBERLY, THANK 1685 00:58:50,026 --> 00:58:52,228 YOU. 1686 00:58:52,228 --> 00:58:56,132 TO ALL OF YOU, THANK YOU. 1687 00:58:56,132 --> 00:58:58,501 THIS IS NOT GOODBYE. 1688 00:58:58,501 --> 00:59:01,571 THIS IS WE WILL MEET AGAIN. 1689 00:59:01,571 --> 00:59:04,641 TO THE APOLL JOE GENERATION I 1690 00:59:04,641 --> 00:59:07,076 SAY -- APOLLO GENERATION I SAY 1691 00:59:07,076 --> 00:59:09,829 HAPPY ANNIVERSARY I AM A PART 1692 00:59:09,829 --> 00:59:11,531 OF. 1693 00:59:11,531 --> 00:59:13,716 TO THE ARTEMIS GENERATION I WILL 1694 00:59:13,716 --> 00:59:15,401 BE THERE IN SOME, SHAPE OR FORM 1695 00:59:15,401 --> 00:59:16,986 BECAUSE WE'RE GOING. 1696 00:59:16,986 --> 00:59:18,938 THIS IS DWAYNE BROWN SIGNING OFF 1697 00:59:18,938 --> 00:59:20,857 FROM THE USS HORNET AND NASA 1698 00:59:20,857 --> 00:59:22,492 SCIENCE LIVE, WHERE SCIENCE 1699 00:59:22,492 --> 00:59:24,344 NEVER SLEEPS. 1700 00:59:24,344 --> 00:59:28,548 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.