WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:04.271 >> JOHN: All right, Tool Time take 126. [SLATE CLACKS] 2 00:00:04.271 --> 00:00:17.751 [UPBEAT MUSIC] 3 00:00:17.751 --> 00:00:20.187 >> JOHN: Hi, I’m John Grunsfeld, NASA astronaut. 4 00:00:20.187 --> 00:00:25.692 >>RUSS: Hello, I’m Russ Werneth, I was the EVA manager for Hubble 5 00:00:25.692 --> 00:00:30.697 Space Telescope from Goddard. >>JOHN: All right, EVA is an 6 00:00:30.697 --> 00:00:34.167 acronym for extravehicular activity, which is just a really 7 00:00:34.167 --> 00:00:38.171 long way of saying “spacewalk.” I’m wearing some spacewalk 8 00:00:38.171 --> 00:00:40.574 gloves- >> RUSS: I noticed that! >> JOHN: To talk about 9 00:00:40.574 --> 00:00:43.944 spacewalking on the Hubble Space Telescope. Now the Hubble Space 10 00:00:43.944 --> 00:00:47.481 Telescope, we all know, it’s that amazing observatory in 11 00:00:47.481 --> 00:00:51.752 space that helps us unravel the mysteries of the universe. But 12 00:00:51.752 --> 00:00:56.089 when Hubble was first launched in 1990, we discovered the 13 00:00:56.089 --> 00:00:59.226 mirror was just slightly incorrect shape and so the 14 00:00:59.226 --> 00:01:03.797 images were fuzzy. >> RUSS: And that slight incorrect problem 15 00:01:03.797 --> 00:01:08.702 with the mirror was around the outside edges it was 1/50th the 16 00:01:08.702 --> 00:01:13.574 diameter of a piece of human hair too flat. >> JOHN: But it 17 00:01:13.574 --> 00:01:16.109 was enough that we couldn’t do the science we had to do. 18 00:01:16.109 --> 00:01:19.913 >>RUSS: Space optics, yes. >>JOHN: So, in 1993, a crew of 19 00:01:19.913 --> 00:01:25.552 women and men went up to do five spacewalks to change out one of 20 00:01:25.552 --> 00:01:29.456 the scientific instruments with the Corrective Optics Space 21 00:01:29.456 --> 00:01:34.628 Telescope Axial Replacement, or >> BOTH: COSTAR. >> JOHN: Which 22 00:01:34.628 --> 00:01:38.932 corrected that optics. In order to take that instrument out they 23 00:01:38.932 --> 00:01:42.069 had to use a power tool. >>RUSS: Now one thing I’d like to 24 00:01:42.069 --> 00:01:48.308 say about Hubble Space Telescope is that it was designed, 25 00:01:48.308 --> 00:01:52.012 engineered, originally, quite uniquely, to be 26 00:01:52.012 --> 00:01:57.718 “take-apart-able.” Not a real word, but that means, and I 27 00:01:57.718 --> 00:02:01.822 think everybody understands, that a scientific instrument, or 28 00:02:01.822 --> 00:02:07.995 a solar array could be taken off and replaced in case something 29 00:02:07.995 --> 00:02:13.500 had gone wrong with it, or it needed repair. And guess what? 30 00:02:13.500 --> 00:02:16.436 We get new technology all the time! >> JOHN: The designers put 31 00:02:16.436 --> 00:02:19.806 in standardized bolts and interfaces, this means 32 00:02:19.806 --> 00:02:23.176 connectors, the bolts, and even doors on the telescope that 33 00:02:23.176 --> 00:02:26.947 opened and closed. And they had, those doors had bolts on them, 34 00:02:26.947 --> 00:02:29.650 and this tool was one of the tools used to help undo the 35 00:02:29.650 --> 00:02:32.619 bolts of the instruments of the doors: it’s called the power 36 00:02:32.619 --> 00:02:37.524 ratchet tool. >> RUSS: This, this was the initial power tool 37 00:02:37.524 --> 00:02:41.862 that we used, as John said, on our first servicing mission back 38 00:02:41.862 --> 00:02:47.934 in 1993. It’s doesn’t weigh much in space. >> JOHN: Floats. 39 00:02:47.934 --> 00:02:53.173 >>RUSS: Floats in space. But it is kind of bulky, so in tool 40 00:02:53.173 --> 00:02:57.077 development in the future we came up with other power tools, 41 00:02:57.077 --> 00:03:01.181 but at the time this was the tool of choice that we used for 42 00:03:01.181 --> 00:03:04.618 the tasks that we had on that very first servicing mission. 43 00:03:04.618 --> 00:03:07.921 >>JOHN: And so this was used with an extension on it and a 44 00:03:07.921 --> 00:03:13.026 socket, to turn bolts so when you pull the trigger electricity 45 00:03:13.026 --> 00:03:15.896 would flow from the battery through this long cable to the 46 00:03:15.896 --> 00:03:19.900 motor and turn the bolt. And you could turn it clockwise or 47 00:03:19.900 --> 00:03:23.437 counter-clockwise, it could also be used manually in case a bolt 48 00:03:23.437 --> 00:03:27.207 was stuck just like a big torque wrench on the ground, which 49 00:03:27.207 --> 00:03:30.777 means, you know, using your muscles to crank the bolt in 50 00:03:30.777 --> 00:03:33.747 case it was stuck. >> RUSS: Right, we have to consider a lot 51 00:03:33.747 --> 00:03:38.819 of things, and it has to be operational, it has to be used 52 00:03:38.819 --> 00:03:44.491 with those big old gloves, and it, it has to be functional and 53 00:03:44.491 --> 00:03:48.795 safe to use in space with no sharp edges to puncture those 54 00:03:48.795 --> 00:03:52.099 gloves or your suit. >> JOHN: And each time we went up to the 55 00:03:52.099 --> 00:03:54.968 telescope as Russ said, we would bring new scientific 56 00:03:54.968 --> 00:03:58.705 instruments, new electronics, and that net effect is that we 57 00:03:58.705 --> 00:04:02.542 reinvented the telescope and made a new observatory each time 58 00:04:02.542 --> 00:04:06.213 we went to space. Allowed Hubble to help us unravel the mysteries 59 00:04:06.213 --> 00:04:09.382 of the universe. Thanks Russ! >>RUSS: Okay, thanks John! 60 00:04:09.382 --> 00:04:14.821 [UPBEAT MUSIC] 61 00:04:14.821 --> 00:04:20.227 [SILENCE] 62 00:04:20.227 --> 00:04:21.595 JOHN: There’s a tear in the glove Christy. >> OFF: There’s 63 00:04:21.595 --> 00:04:25.165 probably a few. >> RUSS: There are a few! >> OFF: Terminate 64 00:04:25.165 --> 00:04:29.970 EVA. You maintaining pressure John? Terminate EVA. 65 00:04:29.970 --> 00:04:37.677 [UPBEAT MUSIC] 66 00:04:37.677 --> 00:04:40.847 >> RUSS: Can you operate this with those gloves? 67 00:04:40.847 --> 00:00:00.000 [LAUGHTER]